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Most Cited Biomaterials Articles
The most cited articles published since 2011, extracted from Scopus.
A review of the biological response to ionic dissolution products from bioactive glasses and glass-ceramicsAlexander Hoppe | Nusret S. Güldal | Aldo R. Boccaccini
Volume 32, Issue 11, April 2011, Pages 2757-2774
Several inorganic materials such as special compositions of silicate glasses, glass-ceramics and calcium phosphates have been shown to be bioactive and resorbable and to exhibit appropriate mechanical properties which make them suitable for bone tissue engineering applications. However, the exact mechanism of interaction between the ionic dissolution products of such inorganic materials and human cells are not fully understood, which has prompted considerable research work in the biomaterials community during the last decade. This review comprehensively covers literature reports which have investigated specifically the effect of dissolution products of silicate bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics in relation to osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Particularly, recent advances made in fabricating dense biomaterials and scaffolds doped with trace elements (e.g. Zn, Sr, Mg, and Cu) and investigations on the effect of these elements on the scaffold biological performance are summarized and discussed in detail. Clearly, the biological response to artificial materials depends on many parameters such as chemical composition, topography, porosity and grain size. This review, however, focuses only on the ion release kinetics of the materials and the specific effect of the released ionic dissolution products on human cell behaviour, providing also a scope for future investigations and identifying specific research needs to advance the field. The biological performance of pure and doped silicate glasses, phosphate based glasses with novel specific compositions as well as several other silicate based compounds are discussed in detail. Cells investigated in the reviewed articles include human osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells as well as endothelial cells and stem cells. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
An overview of tissue and whole organ decellularization processesPeter M. Crapo | Thomas W. Gilbert | Stephen F. Badylak
Volume 32, Issue 12, April 2011, Pages 3233-3243
Biologic scaffold materials composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) are typically derived by processes that involve decellularization of tissues or organs. Preservation of the complex composition and three-dimensional ultrastructure of the ECM is highly desirable but it is recognized that all methods of decellularization result in disruption of the architecture and potential loss of surface structure and composition. Physical methods and chemical and biologic agents are used in combination to lyse cells, followed by rinsing to remove cell remnants. Effective decellularization methodology is dictated by factors such as tissue density and organization, geometric and biologic properties desired for the end product, and the targeted clinical application. Tissue decellularization with preservation of ECM integrity and bioactivity can be optimized by making educated decisions regarding the agents and techniques utilized during processing. An overview of decellularization methods, their effect upon resulting ECM structure and composition, and recently described perfusion techniques for whole organ decellularization techniques are presented herein. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
A review of NIR dyes in cancer targeting and imagingShenglin Luo | Erlong Zhang | Yongping Su | Tianmin Cheng | Chunmeng Shi
Volume 32, Issue 29, October 2011, Pages 7127-7138
The development of multifunctional agents for simultaneous tumor targeting and near infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging is expected to have significant impact on future personalized oncology owing to the very low tissue autofluorescence and high tissue penetration depth in the NIR spectrum window. Cancer NIR molecular imaging relies greatly on the development of stable, highly specific and sensitive molecular probes. Organic dyes have shown promising clinical implications as non-targeting agents for optical imaging in which indocyanine green has long been implemented in clinical use. Recently, significant progress has been made on the development of unique NIR dyes with tumor targeting properties. Current ongoing design strategies have overcome some of the limitations of conventional NIR organic dyes, such as poor hydrophilicity and photostability, low quantum yield, insufficient stability in biological system, low detection sensitivity, etc. This potential is further realized with the use of these NIR dyes or NIR dye-encapsulated nanoparticles by conjugation with tumor specific ligands (such as small molecules, peptides, proteins and antibodies) for tumor targeted imaging. Very recently, natively multifunctional NIR dyes that can preferentially accumulate in tumor cells without the need of chemical conjugation to tumor targeting ligands have been developed and these dyes have shown unique optical and pharmaceutical properties for biomedical imaging with superior signal-to-background contrast index. The main focus of this article is to provide a concise overview of newly developed NIR dyes and their potential applications in cancer targeting and imaging. The development of future multifunctional agents by combining targeting, imaging and even therapeutic routes will also be discussed. We believe these newly developed multifunctional NIR dyes will broaden current concept of tumor targeted imaging and hold promise to make an important contribution to the diagnosis and therapeutics for the treatment of cancer. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Drug delivery with upconversion nanoparticles for multi-functional targeted cancer cell imaging and therapyChao Wang | Liang Cheng | Zhuang Liu
Volume 32, Issue 4, February 2011, Pages 1110-1120
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with unique multi-photon excitation photoluminescence properties have recently been intensively explored as novel contrast agents for low-backgroundbiomedical imaging. In this work, we functionalize UCNPs with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) grafted amphiphilic polymer. The PEGylated UCNPs are loaded with a commonly used chemotherapy molecule, doxorubicin (DOX), by simple physical adsorption via a supramolecular chemistry approach for intracellular drug delivery. The loading and releasing of DOX from UCNPs are controlled by varying pH, with an increased drug dissociation rate in acidic environment, favorable for controlled drug release. Upconversion luminescence (UCL) imaging by a modified laser scanning confocal microscope reveals the time course of intracellular delivery of DOX by UCNPs. It is found that DOX is shuttled into cells by the UCNP nano carrier and released inside cells after endocytosis. By conjugating nanoparticles with folic acid, which targets folate receptors over expressed on various types of cancer cells, we further demonstrate targeted drug delivery and UCL cell imaging with UCNPs. Besides DOX, this non-covalent drug loading strategy can also be used for loading of photosensitizer molecules on UCNPs for potential near-infrared light induced photodynamic therapy. Our results suggest the promise of UCNPs as interesting nano carriers for multi-functional cancer therapy and imaging. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Near-infrared light induced in vivo photodynamic therapy of cancer based on upconversion nanoparticlesChao Wang | Huiquan Tao | Liang Cheng | Zhuang Liu
Volume 32, Issue 26, September 2011, Pages 6145-6154
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) that emit high-energy photons upon excitation by the low-energy near-infrared (NIR) light are emerging as new optical nano-probes useful in biomedicine. Herein, we load Chlorin e6 (Ce6), a photosensitizer, on polymer-coated UCNPs, forming a UCNP-Ce6 supramolecular complex that produces singlet oxygen to kill cancer cells under NIR light. Excellent photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy is achieved in tumor-bearing mice upon intratumoral injection of UCNP-Ce6 and the followed NIR light exposure. It is further uncovered that UCNPs after PDT treatment are gradually cleared out from mouse organs, without rendering appreciable toxicity to the treated animals. Moreover, we demonstrate that the NIR-induced PDT based on UCNP-Ce6 exhibits a remarkably increased tissue penetration depth compared to the traditional PDT using visible excitation light, offering significantly improved treatment efficacy for tumors blocked by thick biological tissues. Our work demonstrates NIR light-induced in vivo PDT treatment of cancer in animals, and highlights the promise of UCNPs for multifunctional in vivo cancer treatment and imaging. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Dual and multi-stimuli responsive polymeric nanoparticles for programmed site-specific drug deliveryRu Cheng | Fenghua Meng | Chao Deng | Harm Anton Klok | Zhiyuan Zhong
Volume 34, Issue 14, May 2013, Pages 3647-3657
In the past decades, polymeric nanoparticles have emerged as a most promising and viable technology platform for targeted and controlled drug delivery. As vehicles, ideal nanoparticles are obliged to possess high drug loading levels, deliver drug to the specific pathological site and/or target cells without drug leakage on the way, while rapidly unload drug at the site of action. To this end, various " intelligent" polymeric nanoparticles that release drugs in response to an internal or external stimulus such as pH, redox, temperature, magnetic and light have been actively pursued. These stimuli-responsive nanoparticles have demonstrated, though to varying degrees, improved in vitro and/or in vivo drug release profiles. In an effort to further improve drug release performances, novel dual and multi-stimuli responsive polymeric nanoparticles that respond to a combination of two or more signals such as pH/temperature, pH/redox, pH/magnetic field, temperature/reduction, double pH, pH and diols, temperature/magnetic field, temperature/enzyme, temperature/pH/redox, temperature/pH/magnetic, pH/redox/magnetic, temperature/redox/guest molecules, and temperature/pH/guest molecules have recently been developed. Notably, these combined responses take place either simultaneously at the pathological site or in a sequential manner from nanoparticle preparation, nanoparticle transporting pathways, to cellular compartments. These dual and multi-stimuli responsive polymeric nanoparticles have shown unprecedented control over drug delivery and release leading to superior in vitro and/or in vivo anti-cancer efficacy. With programmed site-specific drug delivery feature, dual and multi-stimuli responsive nanoparticulate drug formulations have tremendous potential for targeted cancer therapy. In this review paper, we highlight the recent exciting developments in dual and multi-stimuli responsive polymeric nanoparticles for precision drug delivery applications, with a particular focus on their design, drug release performance, and therapeutic benefits. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Synergistic effect of chemo-photothermal therapy using PEGylated graphene oxideWen Zhang | Zhouyi Guo | Deqiu Huang | Zhiming Liu | Xi Guo | Huiqing Zhong
Volume 32, Issue 33, November 2011, Pages 8555-8561
Graphene has shown great potential both in photothermal therapy and drug delivery. Herein, we developed doxorubicin-loaded PEGylated nanographene oxide (NGO-PEG-DOX) to facilitate combined chemotherapy and photothermal therapy in one system. In this work, we studied the ablation of tumor both in vivo and in vitro by the combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy using this functional graphene oxide. The ability of the NGO-PEG-DOX nanoparticle to combine the local specific chemotherapy with external near-infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy of cancer treatment. Compared with chemotherapy or photothermal therapy alone, the combined treatment demonstrated a synergistic effect, resulting in higher therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, lower systematic toxicity of NGO-PEG-DOX than DOX was proved by the pathologic examination of main organs in our toxicity study. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
The effect of particle size on the cytotoxicity, inflammation, developmental toxicity and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticlesMargriet V D Z Park | Arianne M. Neigh | Jolanda P. Vermeulen | Liset J J de la Fonteyne | Henny W. Verharen | Jacob J. Briedé | Henk van Loveren | Wim H. de Jong
Volume 32, Issue 36, December 2011, Pages 9810-9817
Silver nanoparticles are of interest to be used as antimicrobial agents in wound dressings and coatings in medical devices, but potential adverse effects have been reported in the literature. The most pronounced effect of silver nanoparticles and the role of particle size in determining these effects, also in comparison to silver ions, are largely unknown. Effects of silver nanoparticles of different sizes (20, 80, 113 nm) were compared in in vitro assays for cytotoxicity, inflammation, genotoxicity and developmental toxicity. Silver nanoparticles induced effects in all endpoints studied, but effects on cellular metabolic activity and membrane damage were most pronounced. In all toxicity endpoints studied, silver nanoparticles of 20 nm were more toxic than the larger nanoparticles. In L929 fibroblasts, but not in RAW 264.7 macrophages, 20 nm silver nanoparticles were more cytotoxic than silver ions. Collectively, these results indicate that effects of silver nanoparticles on different toxic endpoints may be the consequence of their ability to inflict cell damage. In addition, the potency of silver in the form of nanoparticles to induce cell damage compared to silver ions is cell type and size-dependent. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
The influence of surface chemistry and size of nanoscale graphene oxide on photothermal therapy of cancer using ultra-low laser powerKai Yang | Jianmei Wan | Shuai Zhang | Bo Tian | Youjiu Zhang | Zhuang Liu
Volume 33, Issue 7, March 2012, Pages 2206-2214
Photothermal therapy as a physical treatment approach to destruct cancer has emerged as an alternative of currently used cancer therapies. Previously we have shown that polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized nano-graphene oxide (nGO-PEG) with strong optical absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region was a powerful photothermal agent for invivo cancer treatment. In this work, by using ultra-small reduced graphene oxide (nRGO) with non-covalent PEG coating, we study how sizes and surface chemistry affect the invivo behaviors of graphene, and remarkably improve the performance of graphene-based invivo photothermal cancer treatment. Owing to the enhanced NIR absorbance and highly efficient tumor passive targeting of nRGO-PEG, excellent invivo treatment efficacy with 100% of tumor elimination is observed after intravenous injection of nRGO-PEG and the followed 808nm laser irradiation, the power density (0.15W/cm 2, 5min) of which is an order of magnitude lower than that usually applied for invivo tumor ablation using many other nanomaterials. All mice after treatment survive over a period of 100 days without a single death or any obvious sign of side effect. Our results highlight that both surface chemistry and sizes are critical to the invivo performance of graphene, and show the promise of using optimized nano-graphene for ultra-effective photothermal treatment, which may potentially be combined with other therapeutic approaches to assist our fight against cancer. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Fluorine-18-labeled Gd3+/Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped NaYF4 nanophosphors for multimodality PET/MR/UCL imagingJing Zhou | Mengxiao Yu | Yun Sun | Xianzhong Zhang | Xingjun Zhu | Zhanhong Wu | Dongmei Wu | Fuyou Li
Volume 32, Issue 4, February 2011, Pages 1148-1156
Molecular imaging modalities provide a wealth of information that is highly complementary and rarely redundant. To combine the advantages of molecular imaging techniques, 18F-labeled Gd3+/Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped NaYF4 nanophosphors (NPs) simultaneously possessing with radioactivity, magnetic, and upconversion luminescent properties have been fabricated for multimodality positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and laser scanning upconversion luminescence (UCL) imaging. Hydrophilic citrate-capped NaY0.2Gd0.6Yb0.18Er0.02F4 nanophosphors (cit-NPs) were obtained from hydrophobic oleic acid (OA)-coated nanoparticles (OA-NPs) through a process of ligand exchange of OA with citrate, and were found to be monodisperse with an average size of 22 × 19 nm. The obtained hexagonal cit-NPs show intense UCL emission in the visible region and paramagnetic longitudinal relaxivity (r1 = 0.405 s-1·(mM)-1). Through a facile inorganic reaction based on the strong binding between Y3+ and F-, 18F-labeled NPs have been fabricated in high yield. The use of cit-NPs as a multimodal probe has been further explored for T1-weighted MR and PET imaging in vivo and UCL imaging of living cells and tissue slides. The results indicate that 18F-labeled NaY0.2Gd0.6Yb0.18Er0.02 is a potential candidate as a multimodal nanoprobe for ultra-sensitive molecular imaging from the cellular scale to whole-body evaluation. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
The cytotoxicity of cadmium-based quantum dotsNan Chen | Yao He | Yuanyuan Su | Xiaoming Li | Qing Huang | Haifeng Wang | Xiangzhi Zhang | Renzhong Tai | Chunhai Fan
Volume 33, Issue 5, February 2012, Pages 1238-1244
Semiconductor Quantum dots (QDs) have raised great attention because of their superior optical properties and wide utilization in biological and biomedical studies. More recently, there have been intense concerns on cytotoxicity assessment of QDs. Most QDs are made of heavy metal ions (e.g., Cd 2+), which may result in potential in vitro toxicity that hampers their practical applications. In this article, we aim to summarize recent progress on mechanistic studies of cytotoxicity of II-IV QDs. We have studied the cytotoxicity of a series of aqueous synthesized QDs (aqQDs), i.e. CdTe, CdTe/CdS core-shell structured and CdTe/CdS/ZnS core-shell-shell structured aqQDs. Our results suggested that released cadmium ions are responsible for the observed cytotoxicity of cadmium-based QDs. The fact that CdTe/CdS/ZnS core-shell-shell structured QDs are nearly nontoxic to cells further confirmed the role of released cadmium ions on cytotoxicity, and the effective protection of the ZnS shell. However, intracellular level of Cd 2+ ions cannot be the only reason since the comparison with CdCl 2-treated cells suggests there are other factors contributed to the cytotoxicity of aqQDs. Our studies on genome-wide gene expression profiling and subcellular localization of aqQDs with synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) further suggest that the cytotoxicity of CdTe QDs not only comes from the release of Cd 2+ ions but also intracellular distribution of QD nanoparticles in cells and the associated nanoscale effects. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
The effect of surface charge on in vivo biodistribution of PEG-oligocholic acid based micellar nanoparticlesKai Xiao | Yuanpei Li | Juntao Luo | Joyce S. Lee | Wenwu Xiao | Abby M. Gonik | Rinki G. Agarwal | Kit S. Lam
Volume 32, Issue 13, May 2011, Pages 3435-3446
To systematically elucidate the effect of surface charge on the cellular uptake and in vivo fate of PEG-oligocholic acid based micellar nanoparticles (NPs), the distal PEG termini of monomeric PEG-oligocholic acid dendrimers (telodendrimers) are each derivatized with different number (n = 0, 1, 3 and 6) of anionic aspartic acids (negative charge) or cationic lysines (positive charge). Under aqueous condition, these telodendrimers self-assemble to form a series of micellar NPs with various surface charges, but with similar particle sizes. NPs with high surface charge, either positive or negative, were taken up more efficiently by RAW 264.7 murine macrophages after opsonization in fresh mouse serum. Mechanistic studies of cellular uptake of NPs indicated that several distinct endocytic pathways (e.g., clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolae-mediated endocytosis, and macropinocytosis) were involved in the cellular uptake process. After their cellular uptake, the majority of NPs were found to localize in the lysosome. Positively charged NPs exhibited dose-dependent hemolytic activities and cytotoxicities against RAW 264.7 cells proportional to the positive surface charge densities; whereas negatively charged NPs did not show obvious hemolytic and cytotoxic properties. In vivo biodistribution studies demonstrated that undesirable liver uptake was very high for highly positively or negatively charged NPs, which is likely due to active phagocytosis by macrophages (Kupffer cells) in the liver. In contrast, liver uptake was very low but tumor uptake was very high when the surface charge of NPs was slightly negative. Based on these studies, we can conclude that slightly negative charge may be introduced to the NPs surface to reduce the undesirable clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) such as liver, improve the blood compatibility, thus deliver the anti-cancer drugs more efficiently to the tumor sites. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Biofilm formation in Staphylococcus implant infections. A review of molecular mechanisms and implications for biofilm-resistant materialsCarla Renata Arciola | Davide Campoccia | Pietro Speziale | Lucio Montanaro | John William Costerton
Volume 33, Issue 26, September 2012, Pages 5967-5982
Implant infections in orthopaedics, as well as in many other medical fields, are chiefly caused by staphylococci. The ability of growing within a biofilm enhances the chances of staphylococci to protect themselves from host defences, antibiotic therapies, and biocides. Advances in scientific knowledge on structural molecules (exopolysaccharide, proteins, teichoic acids, and the most recently described extracellular DNA), on the synthesis and genetics of staphylococcal biofilms, and on the complex network of signal factors that intervene in their control are here presented, also reporting on the emerging strategies to disrupt or inhibit them. The attitude of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages to infiltrate and phagocytise biofilms, as well as the ambiguous behaviour exhibited by these innate immune cells in biofilm-related implant infections, are here discussed. Research on anti-biofilm biomaterials is focused, reviewing materials loaded with antibacterial substances, or coated with anti-adhesive/anti-bacterial immobilized agents, or surfaced with nanostructures. Latter approaches appear promising, since they avoid the spread of antibacterial substances in the neighbouring tissues with the consequent risk of inducing bacterial resistance. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Antibacterial nano-structured titania coating incorporated with silver nanoparticlesLingzhou Zhao | Hairong Wang | Kaifu Huo | Lingyun Cui | Wenrui Zhang | Hongwei Ni | Yumei Zhang | Zhifen Wu | Paul K. Chu
Volume 32, Issue 24, August 2011, Pages 5706-5716
Titanium (Ti) implants are widely used clinically but post-operation infection remains one of the most common and serious complications. A surface boasting long-term antibacterial ability is highly desirable in order to prevent implant associated infection. In this study, titania nanotubes (TiO2-NTs) incorporated with silver (Ag) nanoparticles are fabricated on Ti implants to achieve this purpose. The Ag nanoparticles adhere tightly to the wall of the TiO2-NTs prepared by immersion in a silver nitrate solution followed by ultraviolet light radiation. The amount of Ag introduced to the NTs can be varied by changing processing parameters such as the AgNO3 concentration and immersion time. The TiO2-NTs loaded with Ag nanoparticles (NT-Ag) can kill all the planktonic bacteria in the suspension during the first several days, and the ability of the NT-Ag to prevent bacterial adhesion is maintained without obvious decline for 30 days, which are normally long enough to prevent post-operation infection in the early and intermediate stages and perhaps even late infection around the implant. Although the NT-Ag structure shows some cytotoxicity, it can be reduced by controlling the Ag release rate. The NT-Ag materials are also expected to possess satisfactory osteoconductivity in addition to the good biological performance expected of TiO2-NTs. This controllable NT-Ag structure which provides relatively long-term antibacterial ability and good tissue integration has promising applications in orthopedics, dentistry, and other biomedical devices. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
A review of trends and limitations in hydrogel-rapid prototyping for tissue engineeringThomas Billiet | Mieke Vandenhaute | Jorg Schelfhout | Sandra Van Vlierberghe | Peter Dubruel
Volume 33, Issue 26, September 2012, Pages 6020-6041
The combined potential of hydrogels and rapid prototyping technologies has been an exciting route in developing tissue engineering scaffolds for the past decade. Hydrogels represent to be an interesting starting material for soft, and lately also for hard tissue regeneration. Their application enables the encapsulation of cells and therefore an increase of the seeding efficiency of the fabricated structures. Rapid prototyping techniques on the other hand, have become an elegant tool for the production of scaffolds with the purpose of cell seeding and/or cell encapsulation. By means of rapid prototyping, one can design a fully interconnected 3-dimensional structure with pre-determined dimensions and porosity. Despite this benefit, some of the rapid prototyping techniques are not or less suitable for the generation of hydrogel scaffolds. In this review, we therefore give an overview on the different rapid prototyping techniques suitable for the processing of hydrogel materials. A primary distinction will be made between (i) laser-based, (ii) nozzle-based, and (iii) printer-based systems. Special attention will be addressed to current trends and limitations regarding the respective techniques. Each of these techniques will be further discussed in terms of the different hydrogel materials used so far. One major drawback when working with hydrogels is the lack of mechanical strength. Therefore, maintaining and improving the mechanical integrity of the processed scaffolds has become a key issue regarding 3-dimensional hydrogel structures. This limitation can either be overcome during or after processing the scaffolds, depending on the applied technology and materials. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Alginate derivatization: A review of chemistry, properties and applicationsSiddhesh N. Pawar | Kevin J. Edgar
Volume 33, Issue 11, April 2012, Pages 3279-3305
Alginates have become an extremely important family of polysaccharides because of their utility in preparing hydrogels at mild pH and temperature conditions, suitable for sensitive biomolecules like proteins and nucleic acids, and even for living cells such as islets of Langerhans. In addition, the complex monosaccharide sequences of alginates, and our growing ability to create controlled sequences by the action of isolated epimerases upon the alginate precursor poly(mannuronic acid), create remarkable opportunities for understanding the relationship of properties to sequence in natural alginates (control of monosaccharide sequence being perhaps the greatest synthetic challenge in polysaccharide chemistry). There is however a trend in recent years to create " value-added" alginates, by performing derivatization reactions on the polysaccharide backbone. For example, chemical derivatization may enable alginates to achieve enhanced hydroxyapatite (HAP) nucleation and growth, heparin-like anticoagulation properties, improved cell-surface interactions, degradability, or tuning of the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance for optimum drug release. The creation of synthetic derivatives therefore has the potential to empower the next generation of applications for alginates. Herein we review progress towards controlled synthesis of alginate derivatives, and the properties and applications of these derivatives. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineeringJeremy M. Holzwarth | Peter X. Ma
Volume 32, Issue 36, December 2011, Pages 9622-9629
Bone tissue engineering is a highly interdisciplinary field that seeks to tackle the most challenging bone-related clinical issues. The major components of bone tissue engineering are the scaffold, cells, and growth factors. This review will focus on the scaffold and recent advancements in developing scaffolds that can mimic the natural extracellular matrix of bone. Specifically, these novel scaffolds mirror the nanofibrous collagen network that comprises the majority of the non-mineral portion of bone matrix. Using two main fabrication techniques, electrospinning and thermally-induced phase separation, and incorporating bone-like minerals, such as hydroxyapatite, composite nanofibrous scaffolds can improve cell adhesion, stem cell differentiation, and tissue formation. This review will cover the two main processing techniques and how they are being applied to fabricate scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. It will then cover how these scaffolds can enhance the osteogenic capabilities of a variety of cell types and survey the ability of the constructs to support the growth of clinically relevant bone tissue. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
The effects of combined micron-/submicron-scale surface roughness and nanoscale features on cell proliferation and differentiationRolando A. Gittens | Taylor McLachlan | Rene Olivares-Navarrete | Ye Cai | Simon Berner | Rina Tannenbaum | Zvi Schwartz | Kenneth H. Sandhage | Barbara D. Boyan
Volume 32, Issue 13, May 2011, Pages 3395-3403
Titanium (Ti) osseointegration is critical for the success of dental and orthopedic implants. Previous studies have shown that surface roughness at the micro- and submicro-scales promotes osseointegration by enhancing osteoblast differentiation and local factor production. Only relatively recently have the effects of nanoscale roughness on cell response been considered. The aim of the present study was to develop a simple and scalable surface modification treatment that introduces nanoscale features to the surfaces of Ti substrates without greatly affecting other surface features, and to determine the effects of such superimposed nano-features on the differentiation and local factor production of osteoblasts. A simple oxidation treatment was developed for generating controlled nanoscale topographies on Ti surfaces, while retaining the starting micro-/submicro-scale roughness. Such nano-modified surfaces also possessed similar elemental compositions, and exhibited similar contact angles, as the original surfaces, but possessed a different surface crystal structure. MG63 cells were seeded on machined (PT), nano-modified PT (NMPT), sandblasted/acid-etched (SLA), and nano-modified SLA (NMSLA) Ti disks. The results suggested that the introduction of such nanoscale structures in combination with micro-/submicro-scale roughness improves osteoblast differentiation and local factor production, which, in turn, indicates the potential for improved implant osseointegration in vivo. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Immune responses to implants - A review of the implications for the design of immunomodulatory biomaterialsSandra Franz | Stefan Rammelt | Dieter Scharnweber | Jan C. Simon
Volume 32, Issue 28, October 2011, Pages 6692-6709
A key for long-term survival and function of biomaterials is that they do not elicit a detrimental immune response. As biomaterials can have profound impacts on the host immune response the concept emerged to design biomaterials that are able to trigger desired immunological outcomes and thus support the healing process. However, engineering such biomaterials requires an in-depth understanding of the host inflammatory and wound healing response to implanted materials.One focus of this review is to outline the up-to-date knowledge on immune responses to biomaterials. Understanding the complex interactions of host response and material implants reveals the need for and also the potential of " immunomodulating" biomaterials. Based on this knowledge, we discuss strategies of triggering appropriate immune responses by functional biomaterials and highlight recent approaches of biomaterials that mimic the physiological extracellular matrix and modify cellular immune responses. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
A graphene functionalized electrochemical aptasensor for selective label-free detection of cancer cellsLingyan Feng | Yong Chen | Jinsong Ren | Xiaogang Qu
Volume 32, Issue 11, April 2011, Pages 2930-2937
Here we report an electrochemical sensor that can realize label-free cancer cell detection using the first clinical trial II used aptamer AS1411 and functionalized graphene. By taking advantages of AS1411 high binding affinity and specificity to the overexpressed nucleolin on the cancer cell surface, our developed electrochemical aptasensor can distinguish cancer cells and normal ones and detect as low as one thousand cells. With DNA hybridization technique, this E-DNA sensor can be regenerated and reusable for cancer cell detection. Our work gives a good example for label-free cancer cell detection based on aptamer and graphene-modified electrode. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Enhanced anti-tumor efficacy by co-delivery of doxorubicin and paclitaxel with amphiphilic methoxy PEG-PLGA copolymer nanoparticlesHai Wang | Ying Zhao | Yan Wu | Yu lin Hu | Kaihui Nan | Guangjun Nie | Hao Chen
Volume 32, Issue 32, November 2011, Pages 8281-8290
The use of single chemotherapeutic drug has shown some limitations in anti-tumor treatment, such as development of drug resistance, high toxicity and limited regime of clinical uses. The combination of two or more therapeutic drugs is feasible means to overcome the limitations. Co-delivery strategy has been proposed to minimize the amount of each drug and to achieve the synergistic effect for cancer therapies. Attempts have been made to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs simultaneously using drug carriers, such as micelles, liposomes, and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs). Here we reported core-shell NPs that were doubly emulsified from an amphiphilic copolymer methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (mPEG-PLGA). These NPs offered advantages over other nanocarriers, as they were easy to fabricate by improved double emulsion method, biocompatible, and showed high loading efficacy. More importantly, these NPs could co-deliver hydrophilic doxorubicin (DOX) and hydrophobic paclitaxel (TAX). The drug-loaded NPs possessed a better polydispersity, indicating that they are more readily subject to controlled size distribution. Studies on drug release and cellular uptake of the co-delivery system demonstrated that both drugs were effectively taken up by the cells and released simultaneously. Furthermore, the co-delivery nanocarrier suppressed tumor cells growth more efficiently than the delivery of either DOX or TAX at the same concentrations, indicating a synergistic effect. Moreover, the NPs loading drugs with a DOX/TAX concentration ratio of 2:1 showed the highest anti-tumor activity to three different types of tumor cells. This nanocarrier might have important potential in clinical implications for co-delivery of multiple anti-tumor drugs with different properties. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Optimization of surface chemistry on single-walled carbon nanotubes for in vivo photothermal ablation of tumorsXiaowen Liu | Huiquan Tao | Kai Yang | Shuai Zhang | Shuit Tong Lee | Zhuang Liu
Volume 32, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 144-151
Carbon nanotubes have shown great potential in various areas of biomedicine. Herein, we synthesize a series of amphiphilic polymers by anchoring polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different lengths at various densities on poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMHC18). The blood circulation and biodistribution of those PEG-PMHC18-coated SWNTs in mice after intravenous injection are measured by an established Raman spectroscopy method. It is found that heavily PEGylated SWNTs with ultra-long blood circulation half-lives, although shows high uptake in the tumor, tend to accumulate in the skin dermis. A surface coating which affords SWNTs a blood half-life of 12-13 h appears to be optimal to balance the tumor-to-normal organ (T/N) uptake ratios of nanotubes in major organs. Using the selected SWNT conjugate, we then carry out a pilot in vivo photothermal therapy study and observe a promising cancer treatment efficacy. Our results highlight the importance of surface coating to the in vivo behaviors of nanomaterials in general and could provide guidelines to the future design of SWNT bioconjugates for various in vivo applications. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
In vitro comparison of the photothermal anticancer activity of graphene nanoparticles and carbon nanotubesZoran M. Markovic | Ljubica M. Harhaji-Trajkovic | Biljana M. Todorovic-Markovic | Dejan P. Kepić | Katarina M. Arsikin | Svetlana P. Jovanović | Aleksandar C. Pantovic | Miroslav D. Dramićanin | Vladimir S. Trajkovic
Volume 32, Issue 4, February 2011, Pages 1121-1129
The present study compared the photothermal anticancer activity of near-infrared (NIR)-excited graphene nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNT). Despite lower NIR-absorbing capacity, suspension of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated graphene sheets exposed to NIR radiation (808nm, 2W/cm2) generated more heat than DNA or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate-solubilized single-wall CNT under the same conditions. Accordingly, graphene nanoparticles performed significantly better than CNT in inducing photothermal death of U251 human glioma cells in vitro. The superior photothermal sensitivity of graphene sheets could be largely explained by their better dispersivity, which has been supported by a simple calculation taking into account thermodynamic, optical and geometrical properties of the two type of carbon nanoparticles. The mechanisms of graphene-mediated photothermal killing of cancer cells apparently involved oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane depolarization resulting in mixed apoptotic and necrotic cell death characterized by caspase activation/DNA fragmentation and cell membrane damage, respectively. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Multifunctional nanoprobes for upconversion fluorescence, MR and CT trimodal imagingHuaiyong Xing | Wenbo Bu | Shengjian Zhang | Xiangpeng Zheng | Ming Li | Feng Chen | Qianjun He | Liangping Zhou | Weijun Peng | Yanqing Hua | Jianlin Shi
Volume 33, Issue 4, February 2012, Pages 1079-1089
Early diagnosis probes that combine fluorescence, X-ray computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imagings are anticipated to give three dimensional (3D) details of tissues and cells of high resolution and sensitivity. However, how to combine these three modalities together within a sub-50 nm sized structure is technically challenging. Here we report a trimodal imaging probe of PEGylated NaY/GdF 4: Yb, Er, Tm @SiO 2-Au@PEG 5000 nanopaticles of uniform size of less than 50 nm. The as-designed nanoprobes showed (1) strong emissions ranging from the visible (Vis) to near infrared (NIR) for fluorescent imaging, (2) T 1-weighted MRI by shorting T 1 relaxation time and (3) enhanced HU value as a CT contrast agent. The structure was optimized based on a comprehensive investigation on the influence of the distance between the NaY/GdF 4: Yb, Er, Tm core and Au nanoparticles (NPs) at the surface. The potential of trimodal imaging for cancerous cells and lesions was further demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Nano-carrier for gene delivery and bioimaging based on carbon dots with PEI-passivation enhanced fluorescenceChangjun Liu | Peng Zhang | Xinyun Zhai | Feng Tian | Wenchen Li | Jianhai Yang | Yuan Liu | Hongbo Wang | Wei Wang | Wenguang Liu
Volume 33, Issue 13, May 2012, Pages 3604-3613
Polyethylenimine (PEI) functionalized carbon dots (CD-PEI) were fabricated by one-step microwave assisted pyrolysis of glycerol and branched PEI25k mixture where the formation of carbon nanoparticles and the surface passivation were accomplished simultaneously. In this hybrid C-dot, PEI molecule played two key roles in the system - as a nitrogen-rich compound to passivate surface to enhance the fluorescence and as a polyelectrolyte to condense DNA. This CD-PEI was shown to be water soluble and emit stable bright multicolor fluorescence relying on excitation wavelength. The DNA condensation capability and cytotoxicity of CD-PEI could be regulated by pyrolysis time possibly due to the somewhat destruction of PEI during the formation of carbon dots. CD-PEI obtained at an appropriate pyrolysis time exhibited lower toxicity, higher or comparable gene expression of plasmid DNA in COS-7 cells and HepG2 cells relative to control PEI25k. Intriguingly, the CD-PEIs internalized into cells displayed tunable fluorescent emission under varying excitation wavelength, suggesting the potential application of CD-PEI in gene delivery and bioimaging. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.


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RCN did not get traction and ran into financial headwinds as Comcast consolidated its market position through nine swaps and acquisitions of cable-TV subscribers, eventually coming to control more than 60 percent of the region's cable-TV homes.

subset: commoncrawl


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Oil stocks skyrocketed Wednesday on a report of an OPEC production cut.
Bill Barrett, Denbury, Hess, Marathon, Oasis and Whiting could feel the gyrations in the markets the most given their higher oil composition.
A turnaround may be in the sights for the industry but many companies could still look toward divestitures to strengthen their finances and put money in the bank for acquisitions.
Marathon Oil (MRO) stock was advancing on Thursday as oil prices rallied on lower U.S. crude supplies and a weaker dollar.
Oil prices were sliding on Friday on rising Iranian exports, which weighed on Marathon Oil (MRO) stock.
The U.S. Department of Energy agency said crude stockpiles fell by 600,000 barrels, which was enough for a blip on the radar but not enough to keep these players up.
Growing crude supplies and continued aggressive drilling globally are negative signs for energy stocks.
Marathon Oil (MRO) stock was declining with oil prices on Tuesday on concerns of a persisting oversupply.
Credit Suisse trimmed its rating on shares of Marathon Oil (MRO) to 'neutral' on Monday.
Here are Monday's top research calls, including upgrades for Colgate-Palmolive, ConocoPhillips and Philip Morris, and a downgrade for Marathon Oil.
Falling crude oil prices continued to weigh on markets Monday.
Jim Cramer shares his views on one-track minds. Apple, Costco and Amazon are among the stocks discussed.
U.S. energy stocks were among the market's biggest losers.
Marathon Oil (MRO) stock was falling on Friday as oil prices retreated and Societe Generale cut its rating on the shares.
Cramer says you'll do fine in Ford and he wouldn't buy more Cliffs Natural Resources.
When the market decides only one thing is working, that makes things treacherous for everyone else,
When you have a market that thinks only one thing is working and it doesn't bother with anything else, you have a market that's more treacherous than it seems.
The Digital Issue of the Fall 2016 MicroCap Review Magazine, The Official Magazine for the MicroCap Stock Market, can be read on www.StockNewsNow.com
Oil prices and Marathon's (MRO) stock were lower Wednesday afternoon following U.S. crude inventory data.
Marathon Oil (MRO) stock was up Monday afternoon despite oil prices declining on higher production in the Middle East.
Oil prices were negatively impacting Marathon Oil (MRO) stock Wednesday as prices fell on a higher-than-expected U.S. crude stockpile increase.
Marathon Oil (MRO) stock is rising alongside oil prices on Tuesday amid speculation that Iran might support OPEC action to bolster prices.
Shares of the Swiss offshore driller slipped Monday as oil prices dipped sharply.


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a bitch who likes to bang or fuck alot, she cant deny the cock.
or just some chick your jealous of.
or just some chick your jealous of.
dude that leah chick is such a slut!!!
" yeah i know i saw her banging her brother lastnight"
" yeah i know i saw her banging her brother lastnight"
di ambersuckscock 13 giugno 2007
Like leftovers, used up and dry
I dont like sluts, they're just the leftovers from another guy.
di Dr. Leftover 13 maggio 2007
An easy woman.
Dude, I had sex with Jane last night, she is such a slut.
di Manwhore 22 ottobre 2002
Slut is a slang term used to indicate a person who has frequent sexual relationships with different people, especially short-term affairs....
Micha is a slut because she tells Victor that she loves him so much, and then goes and cheats on him with Monica, her best friends boyfriend, Mike.
di QE 28 maggio 2007
A derogatory term men use for girls who refuses to sleep with them and girls use for girls they envy.
"The slut wouldn't even sleep with me."
"That slut is flirting with tommy."
"That slut is flirting with tommy."
di bookgeek17 21 febbraio 2007
some one who sleeps with everyone because she can and doesn't care who.
example: Paris Hilton is a slut
di Rownan 27 giugno 2006
A girl who just can't close her legs, and is crazy about sex.
"Yo dude, last night that slut Karen showed her juicy tits in front of me and Jake- oh man, did we fuck."
di I Am Iron Man 19 maggio 2006


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Kids got to rock a few reptiles at the NEMO Fair Tuesday as the fair's annual Turtle Races took place in the Lions Building at the fairgrounds.
Kids ages five to 10 gathered to pick their own turtle to race. Some brought their own while some turtles were provided to the kids.
For all the kids involved, this is one of their favorite events of the fair.
After the kids got the chance to meet and bond with their turtle, it was race time.
There's not much strategy to making the turtle respond. The kids either stomped their feet or allowed the turtle to go down the row by itself. Some turtles were faster than others.
But no matter the outcome, every kid went home a winner.


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My biggest baby ever was 6 lbs 9 ozs (And that was out of 4 kids). I think I'm in some serious trouble ladies!
How big was your LO at your last ultrasound?
My biggest baby ever was 6 lbs 9 ozs (And that was out of 4 kids). I think I'm in some serious trouble ladies!
How big was your LO at your last ultrasound?
Yes, we know 6 is alot. And yes, we are glad it's us too:)
Me-39 DH-39 DS-20 DS-17 DS-13 DD-10 DS-6 DD-3 and #7 due November 19, 2016. It's a girl!
I'm sure you know how off those measurements can be, right?
Mom to 2 wonderful boys...
I had one at 28 weeks and baby girl was 3lbs 3ozs- So a big baby girl here!
I will know in about 15 days.. I have been alittle worried about how big she is cause I haven't gained much weight.. but after yesterday I don't think we have issues with length or weight.. my ribs are still sore
Melissa 35 David 39
Jazmyn 15 Hazel 13 Madisyn 3 Baby Cutler 2m
I was measuring 3lbs 1 oz at 27 weeks 3 days... and he's about two inches longer than average as well. This is my first, and men on my side of the family are usually incredibly tall and skinny, whereas, men in my SO's side of the family are average height but very broad shouldered... we have a feeling this one gotten the "best" of both worlds and is going to be a defensive tackle lol...
Colton John born 7/3/2010
Silver Award Momma ( . y . )
Mine was 1 lb, 6 oz at 22 1/2 weeks...the tech said that he's measuring at the 90th percentile already! My measurements with my last baby were right on....last measurement was 6 1/2 lbs and he was born a week later at 7 bs even!
Kaila, Mommy of 3 boys-- one in heaven, two at home :)
~Camden, Carter, and Keegan~
This is my 4th baby & I had my last one, last Thursday @ 26weeks&5days & my LO was 2pds.2oz....WOW girl!!! But then again, my smallest was 6pds & 9oz!!! LOL and im a small one to boot!!! Guess you never really know though right? "You can do it!" LOL
*~Blessings, Tasha married to Daniel**Raising 3 Warrior Princess, Emma Leah(5) Lillian Rose Marie(3) & Sophia Mae(20mos.)**Expecting Princess # 4 July. 17,2010 <3**~
I had an u/s at 29 weeks 1 day and she was estimated at 3lbs 7oz. With my son the measurements were right on...with my daughter the measurements were way off!
EDD ~ July 1st
they told my friend that she was going to be having a 10 pound baby and she looked like it!!!! BUT he came out weight 7lbs and some oz so I dont always believe what they say. Oh and they also said that he was a girl
2 J's and 2 Sam's....
If you hate starting over, then stop giving up!!
My kids have always been pretty close to their estimated weight on a u/s. I'm just so worried that I'm not due until July 1st and this baby weighs almost 4 pounds in April. I keep telling my husband "you know where this LO is coming out of right?" Like I said, out of my other 4 kids, the largest was 6lbs 9 ozs.
Yes, we know 6 is alot. And yes, we are glad it's us too:)
Me-39 DH-39 DS-20 DS-17 DS-13 DD-10 DS-6 DD-3 and #7 due November 19, 2016. It's a girl!
Measurements can be way off. And after 4 children, I'm sure you won't have any problems passing a larger child, if that is the case. Our bodies are made for this. Babies will gain a few more lbs on average, so you will still probably end up with about a 7lber.


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Variation in earnings of college grads
October 25, 1999
There is much variation in the weekly earnings of college graduates. In the last quarter, 10 percent of college graduates earned less than half of the median amount for those with a college degree. Another 10 percent earned more than twice the median amount.
[Chart data—TXT]
The usual median weekly earnings of college graduates were $867 in the three-month period from July to September 1999. College graduates in the first decile in earnings—the lowest 10 percent—earned less than $428 per week. This was just under half of the median level.
Workers with a college degree who were in the tenth decile—the highest 10 percent—earned $1,749 per week or more. This was just over twice the median level of earnings of college graduates.
Data on weekly earnings are from the Current Population Survey. Earnings figures are for full-time wage and salary workers. The term "college graduates" includes those with an advanced degree as well as those with a bachelor's degree only. Find more information on earnings in "Usual Weekly Earnings of Wage and Salary Workers: Third Quarter 1999," news release USDL 99-301. Note that deciles divide the dataset into 10 equal-size groups and quartiles divide the dataset into 4 equal-size groups.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, The Economics Daily, Variation in earnings of college grads on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/1999/oct/wk4/art01.htm (visited October 01, 2016).
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Fifty years of looking at changes in peoples lives
Longitudinal surveys help us understand long-term changes, such as how events that happened when a person was in high school affect labor market success as an adult.


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2010-09-23 / Obituaries
Jerry Dean Beeman
August 30, 1953 - September 14, 2010
Jerry Dean Beeman was born on August 30, 1953 in Abilene, Texas to Samuel "Jack" & Betty Jo (Taylor) Beeman. He was baptized in Houston, Texas in 1966 and confirmed at St. John Lutheran Church in Cypress, Texas in 1990. Jerry was united in marriage to Kathrine Ann Berger on September 22, 1990 also at St. John Lutheran Church in Cypress.
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Skip to comments.Nazi Legislation for a "Judenrein" (Jewfree) California: Banning Judaism
Posted on 06/03/2011 4:29:29 PM PDT by Nachum
Last week I posted on a clearly antisemitic piece of legislation in San Francisco and Santa Monica banning the Jewish religious tradition of circumcision. Judenrein in Sunny Southern California: Banning Male Circumcision.
America, this is getting very, very ugly. Male circumcision is significantly healthier with or without the important religious significance. The Islamic practice of female genital mutilation (cutting off the clitoris) is sick misogyny. To equate the two is officially legislating Jew-hatred.
Any doubt this was motivated by hatred and racism?
Zombie over at PJM: Proof that S.F.s circumcision ban is anti-Semitic
As you may have heard by now, San Francisco will be voting this November on whether or not to ban circumcision in the city.
Defenders of the measure say its all about human rights and protecting babies from unnecessary procedures.
But critics suspected there was something vaguely anti-Semitic about the whole proposal, since among Jews (and Muslims, as well) circumcising male babies is a religious duty, not just a mistaken medical procedure.
Ban proponents insisted their proposal had nothing to do with Jews really, its all about the rights of children.
Well, any doubt that they were lying have now been dispelled, with the publication of new campaign literature for the upcoming circumcision ban. The campaign comic book, called Foreskin Man, after its baby-saving superhero, features a litany of evil Jews doing battle with blonde Nordic saviors.
Yes, really.
(Oh, and did I mention the artists last name is Hess? A relative of Rudolph, perhaps?)
Below you will find a selection of images taken from Foreskin Man, the campaign brochure for San Franciscos anti-circumcision ballot measure. You tell me: anti-Semitic or not?
(Excerpt) Read more at atlasshrugs2000.typepad.com ...
Welcome to the wonderful world of moral equivalence, and stupid, liberal tricks.
Just disgusting.
Worse than disgusting. It is giving permission to future acts of violence.
We've seen this movie before. The last time was around 1938.
Exactly. And now the Vatican is backing a palestinian state...holocaust shadow all over again.
That is absolutely gross. They're actually distributing this? It's not a parody of the world's stupidest, most penis-obsessed people ... i.e., San Fransicko homosexuals?
1st the boys...
Then, the 'little nick' for girl babies.
Indeed I tremble for my country when I reflect that God is just: that His justice cannot sleep for ever. Thomas Jefferson
Quix can you please ping your list and ask them to copy this article and take it to their pastors . The pulpits in this country can not be silent about this .
As a Blond American, I hope you don't continue branding my genetic hair color as being a sign of evil.
To: Nachum; Quix
Indeed I tremble for my country when I reflect that God is just: that His justice cannot sleep for ever. Thomas Jefferson
Quix can you please ping your list and ask them to copy this article and take it to their pastors . The pulpits in this country can not be silent about this .
The true face of Democrats that its "Jewish" members ignore.
It's WORSE
than banning Judism.
It's a brazen attack on God's Covenant with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.
That's the focus of hell and the globalists from hell.
My sons are 4 1/2 and 3 and they were both circumsized at my request/insistence.
they have absolutely no idea that the procedure was done.
"Tradition" is a very poor choice of words here. Traditions are things like singing Hava nagilah at wedding and Bar Mitzvah parties.
Circumcision is part of the covenant.
Makes me think of the movie "Europa, Europa."
That's also one reason why the circumcision is done at such a young age. There is no memory of it.
Isn't it the sign of the covenant ? shalom b'SHEM Yah'shua HaMashiach
Of course they're penis obsessed. They combine the obsession with the penis with the lib/commie need to control.
To be fair, the ban is anti-Muslim too, so maybe it's a wash.
What? You are being sarcastic, right? I have nothing against blondes. My mom is a blonde.
Disgusting. And anyone who claims it is not anti-Semitic is either stupid or a liar. Or both.
BTW, one can buy Foreskinman on Amazon or Google.
Not really (me being sarcastic), Hollywood has been using blond hair to represent evil for at least 30 years. Blond hair and a square jaw is often a dead giveaway for who the bad guy is, or will turn out to be in the end.
Yes, I am amazed that so many Jews continue to vote for Democrats.
I'm willing to bet this legislation will exempt Muslims.
Jeepers. Thanks for the ping!
Yes, I do recall reading about that here on FR. It's on the thin line between "funniest thing ever" and "nuke them from orbit."
I have to say that I do not find Jon Stewart very funny. I find him pompous and a Leftist propagandist rather than funny.
While this video is funnier than his usual fare,
(a) it doesn't point out that this healthy penis campaign was really marketed with homosexuals in mind and,
(b) utilizes somewhat the cheap humor of the movie "Porky's" which plays upon a person's psychological tendency to nervously giggle when talking about sex and sexual organs in such an explicit manner.
At least, that is my cynical take on the matter.
I meant that the campaign itself was funny, in a "can't believe this is for real" way, not Jon Stewart. I am not amused by him at all. He is a pure tool of the Marxists, authorized by the Party to occasionally mock some of their own who are egregiously worthy of ridicule (Anthony Weiner) as a cover for his attacks on the nation.
With Leviticus saying in the eighth day, changing to a longer period would require a Rabbinical judgment. Rabbinical because Leviticus predates the sect of Christians.
Which is more important, saving one in one hundred thousand or eight days?
Really? I haven't payed much attention to that...but then I almost never watch hollywood stuff anyway...
San Franciscans are OBSESSED with Weiner.
One of my big interests is in watching the manipulation in Hollywood product.
This is as disgusting as anything I have ever seen.
Pure evil. Hitleresque.
And please remember, people, that the pleasures of sex are more important than life itself for these foreskin fans: every single one of these people who want to ban foreskin removal have NO PROBLEM with the Full Child Removal two months earlier (abortion).
I didn't think I'd live to see this filth in my own country.
Our mohel is a lovely man, a retired pediatric urologist. He's a wonderful family man, an art collector, a Grandpa. It makes me sick and brings tears to my eyes to see him characterized this way.
Baloney. For a healthy 8 day old infant, the fatality rate is close to zero. The problem is with some Jews who INSIST that it has to be the 8th day, even when the baby boy was born with problems, or premature. This is FAKE piousness, as all rabbinical authority insists that the bris be done on the 8th day OR when the child is healthy enough to receive it. We are to LIVE by our commandments, never DIE by them. Starving to death in the woods, we can kill and eat a wild boar. But some Orthodox Jews take this too far -- skipping important life-preserving medication on Yom Kippur even when their Rebbe permits it, and insisting that a boy born 2 months early gets his bris on the 8th day after his premature birth... This is FAKE PIOUSNESS.
Waiting a short period of time would see the fatality rate go to zero.
Which would God prefer. perform the circumcision at eight days and have one baby out of one hundred thousand die or wait say eight months and not have any babies die.
What does it say in the Bible about saving one child's life?
Pinging you to another Judenrein thread. BTTT.
That reminds me of a story my father told me forty years ago. He worked for the Federal Bureau of Prisons. One inmate, a Rabbi, that worked for him came back from dinner one day with the comment that the ham was very good that day. My father commented "I thought you where Jewish"? He responded with "oh it's OK I blessed the ham before I ate it.
If you aren't aware of such things as the Hollywood use of Blond men as evil, then how did you echo it in your post?
Well we aren't Europeans from the first half of the 20th century, we are Americans, what color hair is an American supposed to have not to be bad, or for you to not point it out in an illustration as sinister?
signed, a blonde American
By the way the guy in your old European poster looks like Kirk Douglas.
Quite a few other FReepers pointed out the Aryan vs. Jew thing seen in this comic book on this thread:
It is racist, that is why the left pushes that imagery of blond as evil, or in the case of females, stupid, vindictive, shallow, etc., as the native population of America started getting replaced in the last 45 years, that propaganda created prejudice emerged as a Hollywood and New York controlled media theme.
By the way, don't take it personally, I just voiced my concerns to your post, but I didn't mean to draw you into something that probably doesn't interest you particularly, I was just posting thoughts on the topic that emerged from your post, they don't really pertain to you.
Ok. :-)
Definitely. We agree. So do the rabbis.
Does the legislation impact moslems as well?
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Hotel in Lenox
Econo Lodge
2 Stelle
130 Pittsfield Rd.Cerca
Hampton Inn Suites Berkshires-Lenox
3 Stelle
445 Pittsfield Road
Birchwood Inn
4 Stelle
7 Hubbard StreetCerca
Kemble Inn And Table Six Restaurant
4 Stelle
2 Kemble Street
Surrounded by the Berkshire Mountains, this 3 acre Lenox, Massachusetts hotel features on-site dining and free Wi-Fi access. Tanglewood Musical Center is 1 mile away. Each guest room at the Kemble Inn and Restaurant features a flat-screen cable TV and an iPod docking station. They are classically decorated in rich colours and wood furnishings. Select rooms have a fireplace. Relax on the back terrace and enjoy mountain views at the Lenox Kemble. The Kemble Restaurant serves fine cuisine for breakfast, lunch, and a 3-course dinner. Dine on the outdoor terrace or in the elegant dining rooms. The Bousquet Ski Area is 5 miles away. The Stockbridge Golf Club is 10 minutes' drive from the inn.Cerca
5 Stelle
16 Blantyre Road
Set in Lenox, Blantyre features free WiFi, a garden and seasonal outdoor pool. Tanglewood is 4.2 km away. Free private parking is available on site. All units are air conditioned and include a cable TV and CD player. Some units also have a kitchen or a kitchenette, fitted with a dishwasher, an oven, and a stovetop. There is a private bathroom with bath robes and slippers in each unit. Towels are provided. Blantyre also includes a spa centre and terrace. Guests can enjoy the on-site restaurant. The property also offers special diet menus and packed lunches. You can play tennis at the property, and the area is popular for skiing and golfing. Tanglewood Musical Center is 5 km from Blantyre, while Tanglewood Musical Center is 5 km from the property. The nearest airport is Albany International Airport, 64 km from Blantyre.Cerca
Knights Inn Lenox
2 Stelle
474 Pittsfield Road
Welcome to the Knights Inn of Lenox, Massachusetts. Conveniently located from I-90/Mass Turnpike and Routes 20 and 8. Minutes away from Tanglewood and all Berkshire Attractions. Completely Remodeled in June 2005 the Knights Inn offers Complimentary Continental Breakfast each morning. Free High Speed Wireless Internet Access in all rooms. 50+ Channel Cable TV with HBO, CNN, ESPN and many more. Microwaves and Refrigerators are in all rooms as well. Free Local Calls. Free Parking, Trucks and RVs Welcome. Small Pets Allowed with an additional fee, however all guests MUST CALL HOTEL DIRECTLY PRIOR TO ARRIVAL, NO EXCEPTIONS PLEASE. Thank you.Cerca
Days Inn Lenox
2 Stelle
194 Pittsfield Rd
Easy access to Route 7, Route 20 , and Mass Pike (I-90). Tanglewood, home of the Boston Symphony - 3 miles. Norman Rockwell Museum - 8 miles. Butternut Ski Area - 15 miles.Church St Cafe.The hotel has 59 guestrooms in a two-story building with exterior corridors. Amenities include complimentary Daybreak Breakfast, complimentary wireless Internet access and local calls, as well as cable TV, Outdoor Seasonal Pool, hair dryers, and ironing boards. Rooms also have microwaves, refrigerators, and coffee makers. Toiletries are available at the front desk. No elevators.Cerca
The Village Inn
4 Stelle
16 Church Street
Located in Lenox, The Village Inn is 5 minutes' drive from the Tanglewood Musical Center and the Norman Rockwell Museum is 5 miles away in Stockbridge. A breakfast buffet of pancakes and omelets is served at the on-site restaurant. The on-site Rumplestiltzkin's Restaurant also offers guests seasonal dishes like pot roast and roasted duck. Guests can find games and entertainment at the on-site bar Rumpy's Taverns. The rooms at Village Inn have an elegant décor with light colours and wooden furnishings. Some rooms have a fireplace and every room has a TV. Shakespeare Company is less than 1 mile away and hiking at Pleasant Valley Sanctuary is 10 minutes' drive away.Cerca
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Ottieni grandi offerte su hotel, prezzi esclusivi, sconti e omaggi.


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Water & Wastewater Companies in Arizona
Current filtering criteriaYou can remove a filter by clicking on the x
Office in Scottsdale, ARIZONA (USA)
Smith-Manus is a surety bond only agency that specializes in environmental surety bond programs. Smith-Manus has focused much of its efforts and resources in becoming the leading environmental surety agency. We work very closely with our specialty insurance company partners and surety providers. Through these relationships, and our understanding of the environmental ...
Blue Ribbon Corp.
Office in ARIZONA (USA)
Blue Ribbon began by becoming a direct distributor of gauges and thermometers to satisfy the needs of OEMs, which required high volumes of low cost quality products. Since that time, BR has grown into its own name brand of products with our main manufacturing facility producing Pressure Transmitters & Level Sensors. We have also partnered with other companies to design ...
Overley`s Vacuum & Pneumatic Truck Services
based in Gilbert, ARIZONA (USA)
Overley`s is a full service Industrial Cleaning & Transportation Company. Overleys is a small, woman-owned business that has been servicing the southwest portion of the united states since 1959. Overley`s specialize in:Power Plant Maintenance (Gas/Coal-fired), Mine Maintenance (Crusher,mills,smelters,refineries), Plant Maintenance (cement,lime,coal), Parking ...
Action 1 Restoration
Office in Phoenix, ARIZONA (USA)
Action 1 Restoration provides emergency 24 hour restoration services for residential homes and commercial buildings. We provide:water damage restorationfire damage repair and cleanupwater removal & dry outmold remediationbiohazard cleanup and sanitationOur team responds fast and in many cases can be at your home or office building within 60 minutes from the time you call ...
Seccua GmbH
Office in Surprise, ARIZONA (USA)
Seccua GmbH is the global technology leader in the field of standardised ultra-filtration system. Ultrafiltration is a modern technology for drinking water purification which is used to completely remove bacteria, viruses, parasites, sediments and red discolouration of the water by iron without any use of chemicals.
M & S Equipment Inc
based in Coolidge, ARIZONA (USA)
Welcome to our website. As a Case IH dealer, we're proud to offer you a broad range of new and used tractors, cotton pickers, farm equipment and services designed to help increase yields and reduce costs in your farming operations. Our Case IH line includes the industry's newest, most advanced farm equipment, thanks to Case Corporation's four-year, $1 billion investment ...
Nova Water Technologies LLC
Distributor in ARIZONA (USA)
Nova Water Technologies LLC supplies innovative screening, compaction, filtration, and tertiary polishing equipment for the wastewater treatment and reuse markets. All of Nova`s products offer better solutions through true innovation. Nova Ultrascreen Disk Filters offer reuse quality effluent with higher loading rates and less backwash water requirements for lower ...
Energy, Utility & Environment Conference (EUEC)
based in Tucson, ARIZONA (USA)
EUEC 2015 is the USA's largest, longest-running, professional networking and educational event of its kind. EUEC is an annual energy, utility and environment conference held in Arizona, where over 2,000 delegates including environmental business leaders, energy executives, NGO's and government policymakers make presentations and discuss various issues including clean ...
Applied Process Equipment, INC.
based in Scottsdale, ARIZONA (USA)
Applied Process Equipment Serving Commercial, Municipal & Industrial customers in the southwest! We are dedicated to fulfilling your water and wastewater treatment needs through innovative products and personalized service. Our experienced staff seeks to solve your problem rather than simply sell a product. We utilize the latest advancements in treatment technologies to ...
Submersibles and Electric Inc. (SEI)
based in Phoenix, ARIZONA (USA)
SEI has a wide network of dealers across entire AMERICAS north, central and south making it possible for customers to be able to make use of our products and services in every part. The goal is to make us as approachable as possible and to respond to customers as quickly as possible. In pursuit of these goals, we have installed flexible manufacturing systems and a wide ...
Bohn Biofilter
based in Tucson, ARIZONA (USA)
Odor and Air Emissions Control. Soil biofilters- high efficiency, long filter life, and dependable operation. Performance guaruntees for 99% H2S removal and all nuisance odors. VOC biofilter.
Boerger GmbH
Distributor in ARIZONA (USA)
Alois Börger founded the company in his parents barn. The company continued to grow in the years to follow.Today Börger GmbH is a flourishing company with more than 240 employees worldwide and is still expanding.At our head office in Borken-Weseke we design, produce and sell pumps, chopping units and entry technology for pumping low to highly viscous and abrasive media. ...
Hydrogen Fuel Solutions, Inc.
based in Russellville, ARIZONA (USA)
By introducing hydrogen into your engine`s combustion chamber, the fuel will burn much more efficiently, the exhaust will run at lower temperatures and the resulting reduction in carbon and heat will minimize friction. This results in increased engine efficiency, lower harmful emissions and increased fuel economy by as much as 20%, GUARANTEED! We guaranty 1/2 mile to the ...
SpectraPure Inc.
based in Tempe, ARIZONA (USA)
SpectraPure specializes in commercial and industrial water purification systems producing high quality, ulta-pure water from industrial grade deionization resins, and provide highly efficient reverse osmosis membranes, specially designed granulated activated carbon filters, carbon block and catalytic carbon filters, MicroTec, MicroSpun, MicroPleat filters, sediment ...
Simflo Pumps Inc
based in Willcox, ARIZONA (USA)
Simflo Pumps Inc, manufacturer of vertical turbine pumps for agriculture and industry, traces its origin back to 1941, when our founder started his first business to serve the West Texas market. The Willcox, Arizona operation was established in 1966. In the years since its inception Simflo has expanded its markets to include the whole of the United States, as well as ...
Ag Spray Equipment
Office in Tempe, ARIZONA (USA)
Ag Spray Equipment is your leader in innovation and application. The Company features a complete line of liquid applicators, pull type sprayers, lawn and garden sprayers, nurse trailers and tanks. Ag Spray has one of the largest parts inventories across the country to better serve our customers. Whether you farm 10,000 acres or one, Ag Spray has the products and expertise ...
Fabricated Plastics Limited
Office in Gilbert, ARIZONA (USA)
Fabricated Plastics is the Leader In Plastics through a continuing commitment to explore and test all new plastic materials, acquire state-of-the-art plastic processing equipment, sourcing of plastic commodities in the international marketplace and innovative engineering and utmost quality in manufacturing. Founded in 1962 and headquartered in Maple (Toronto) ...
Super Radiator Coils
Office in Phoenix, ARIZONA (USA)
Super Radiator Coils has been providing high-quality products since 1928, and has a long tradition of excellence and unparalleled customer service. Many customers consider Super Radiator Coils the industry specialist in heat transfer. Super Radiator Coils is a Limited Partnership owned entirely by partners engaged in its daily operation. The company is strongly managed ...
Arizona Department of Environmental Quality
based in Phoenix, ARIZONA (USA)
The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality`s mission is to protect and enhance public health, welfare and the environment in Arizona. Established by the Arizona Legislature in 1986 in response to growing concerns about groundwater quality, ADEQ today administers a variety of programs to improve the health and welfare of our citizens and ensure the quality of ...
BearCat Mfg
based in Wickenburg, ARIZONA (USA)
Leading the world in the manufacture of high production precision asphalt maintenance equipment and custom asphalt systems. BearCat has built a reputation for being the `go to` place for computer controlled asphalt and aggregate spread systems. We invite you to tour our sight to see our equipment and call to speak to one of our team.


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United States
United Kingdom
New Zealand
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About us
What we do
Our Portfolio
PhysioTwo package
Order this Package
What you get...
your website
25 page Website
Logo design
Domain name
Local map
1 Interactive forms
your website
your website
Compare packages
Interactive form
The PhysioTwo package includes 1 interactive form that will be used to allow your potential patients to contact you easily and quickly.
With an interactive form, you gain a valuable tool in capturing potential leads who might not otherwise contact you. Using a form is a great deal more informal and for many, it's easier than picking up the phone.
Interactive forms are available on your site 24 hours a day and how you use them is completely up to you. It's a way for you to collect information, gather feedback and receive enquiries all without visitors needing to leave your site.
Some examples of how our customers use interactive forms are as follows:
Newsletter forms
These days, newsletters are a valuable marketing tool as with a newsletter you can keep all your patients informed in the latest developments at your practice. It's also a great way to incentivize your service by e-mailing your subscribers with special offers and the likes.
Customer feedback forms
The importance of feedback should not be overlooked, and by having a feedback form you gain access to vital information which can help you improve your clinic and make life easier for your patients.
General enquiries forms
It's amazing how popular interactive forms are becoming and we're not kidding when we say people prefer them to a phone call. By putting a general enquiries form on your site, you give people the chance to ask questions without even leaving the page.
'Call me back' forms
Giving potential clients the ability to talk to you directly on the phone is a great way to give them the advice they need and earn a new patient at the same time. By putting a 'call me back' form on your site, you show potential clients you're committed to offering quality help and advice.
Once these forms have been successfully completed and sent to you, they will be taken to a thankyou page, thanking them for their time and comments. You are then free to contact the patient at your leisure.
Interactive form
The PhysioTwo package includes 1 interactive form that will be used to allow your potential patients to contact you easily and quickly.
This is an effective method of establishing good patient relationships and increasing website visitors to patients. Interactive forms also allow to collect information from potential patients 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
Types of interactive forms available include; enquiry form, feedback form, newsletter signup, request a call-back from.
Enquiry forms
allow potential customers to ask you questions without the hassle of having to phone a number or send you an email. The completed form is sent to your email address. Several fields within this form are compulsory, such as their email address and their comments. If these are entered incorrectly they will be given a message telling them what information needs to be entered.
Feedback forms
will let your previous customers comment on the service you have provided. It is also a good idea to have a testimonial page of your happy customers.
Newsletter signup forms
are a good way to collect information from potential or existing patients that would like to be kept informed about any offers / practice updates.
Call-back forms
are a good way for potential patients to request to speak to a physiotherapist directly.
Once these forms have been successfully completed and sent to you, they will be taken to a thankyou page, thanking them for their time and comments. You are then free to contact the patient at your leisure.
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Begin New Search
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DeAnna Coronado
member for 5 years, 1 month, 14 days
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126 Memorials Added
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God Made Us Family Now & Always
Just to give you a heads up before you get a rude message from Find A Grave Like I did .
They threatened me because I listed my relationship with family members .
Stupid me I thought it was honoring my family and my right to do so and also to help other family members looking .
But, no they said if I didn't remove all my flowers with statements of my relationships to each person I would be no longer be allowed on Find A Grave after over 13 years .
So I just wanted to let you know. I see these are your grandparents and I know it's not right I feel as you do, but we don't own the sight ..
Don't want you to be told to leave also.
Added by
God Made Us Family Now & ...
on Feb 24, 2015 3:11 PM
Michael Newberry
Hello Cousin's
John W. Taylor was my 3rd cousin 6x removed. My grandmother was Susie Margaret Taylor.
Added by
Michael Newberry
on Jan 18, 2015 9:15 PM
April K
Re: Kenny Varney
You're welcome DeAnna :). Its an honor to photograph the graves of those that sacrificed their lives to protect & serve this country. I can't imagine the heartache your father must have experienced.
Your uncle's grave at Montgomery Memorial Park is in good condition and the cemetery is well maintained :)
Added by
April K
on Oct 08, 2014 8:00 PM
Pamela Estep
Mabel's mother Ella
Mabel Francis Curry Oney, Memorial# 113919174, her mother Ella Ray 1885-1969 was Ella Rae Harvey d/o George & Susan Robinette Harvey, Mabel's son Jerry David Oney was married to my 1st cousin.
Added by
Pamela Estep
on Mar 07, 2014 10:13 AM
kaye willis
Melvina Burke Grave
Hi Deanna!
I'm very new to this sort of thing, but I am researching my family, the Burke's. I live in Prestonsburg, KY. Any info you could help me with concerning Melvina Burke. Thank you
Added by
kaye willis
on Jan 06, 2014 5:46 PM
Mary Cleghon
w j lowe
do you have any information where his wife lived after his death and was her name Dolly McCoy Lowe?
Added by
Mary Cleghon
on Dec 08, 2013 5:31 AM
Bertie Burke and son tombstone
You have my permission to use my pictures on Ancestry but would appreciate giving me credit for finding and taking...glad I could..Kay
Added by
on Oct 30, 2013 9:23 PM
Brenda Bishop Taylor
John W. Taylor
If John W. Taylor (my husband's 5th Great-Grandfather) died in 1814. Who was Mary Ann (Polly) Varney Taylor my husband's 5th Great-Grandmother married to when Azander Taylor( my husband's 4th Great-Grandfather)he was born in 1816.If John died in 1814,he can't be Azander's father. Can you help me? Thank You Brenda Bishop Taylor
Added by
Brenda Bishop Taylor
on Aug 18, 2013 2:31 PM
Waukesha Lowe Sammons
ELLIOTT ALEXANDER "DOC" McCOY
AFTER 93 YEARS OF HIS FAMILY NOT KNOWING WHAT BECAME OF KENTUCKY MOUNTAINEER, ELLIOTT ALEXANDER "DOC" McCOY, WHO WAS THE GREAT-GRANDFATHER OF MY HUSBAND, I SOLVED THE MYSTERY IN 2006 BY FINDING HIS DEATH RECORD. DOC DIED MARCH 14, 1921 IN HUGHESTON, KANAWHA COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA; BUT HIS PLACE OF BURIAL WAS LEFT BLANK ON THE FORM. IF HIS RESTING PLACE CAN BE IDENTIFIED AND IS UNMARKED, I WISH TO ERECT A HEADSTONE. I AM SEARCHING FOR HIS GRAVE AND A PHOTOGRAPH OF HIM. AS THE FAMILY HISTORIAN AND GENEALOGIST, ANY INFORMATION WOULD BE GREATLY APPRECIATED. WAUKESHA LOWE SAMMONS
Added by
Waukesha Lowe Sammons
on Apr 05, 2013 11:50 AM
paulette kelly
would you know there, Constance sophie back auxier, grave is? she died in jonson co. ky.1858.
thanks ,paulette porter, a grgrgr grandchild.
Added by
paulette kelly
on Nov 18, 2012 10:07 AM
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Britney Spears's father has recounted a heartbreaking meeting with his confused daughter as she struggled to cope in a psychiatric hospital.
"Come on, daddy, let's get out of here. Take my hand and let's walk out of here together," Britney said, according to Jamie Spears.
Jamie told his daughter: "I wish I could, but I can't."
In court papers filed as part of his effort to take over his daughter's affairs, Jamie Spears described how he arrived at UCLA Medical Center on Sunday. Britney had called him several times while he was working as a caterer for a Super Bowl party, urging him to see her. (Click here to view the complete document.)
Jamie Spears, who had spent several hours with Britney the day before at the hospital, found his daughter lying in bed. He leaned over to kiss her, but she turned her head away.
"I love you," he told her.
"No, you don't," said Britney. She got out of bed and said, "The doctor told me you are keeping me in here."
Jamie Spears denied it, but Britney insisted, saying, "Somebody's lying. You put me in here."
After the nurse assured Britney that, "Your daddy is not keeping you here; the hospital is keeping you here," Britney turned to her father. That was when she pleaded to leave – and her father said they couldn't.
When Britney became agitated, her father started talking about her sons Jayden and Preston, now in the custody of their father, Kevin Federline.
"Do you want me to help you get your babies back?" he asked her.
Britney, "No, I have new lawyers that will help me with my stuff."
But her father had to tell her that she had not actually fired her custody lawyers, and that there were now new lawyers involved in dealing with her affairs. Jamie said that if she needed help with the custody case, he would be there for her.
The conversation ended with Britney saying that her pal Sam Lutfi had wrongfully taken some of her property and she asked her father for help to get it back. Her father said he would.
Britney Pleads with Father: 'Let's Get Out of Here'
Owen Beiny / WENN


text:
, Volume 85, Issue 10, pp 1209-1218
First online:
The association between bladder cancer and a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2854744) in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) gene
- Mohammad Reza SafarinejadAffiliated withPrivate Practice of Urology and Andrology Email author
- , Nayyer ShafieiAffiliated withPrivate Practice of Urology and Andrology
- , Shiva H. SafarinejadAffiliated withPrivate Practice of Urology and Andrology
Rent the article at a discountRent now
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Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) regulate growth and development and enhance cellular proliferation. IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) inhibits IGF action by competitively binding IGFs that prevents their binding to the IGF cell surface receptor. Altered expression and serum levels of IGFBP-3 are associated with a number of malignancies. Study addressing the effect of IGFBP-3 gene polymorphism on bladder cancer is lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of -202 A/C polymorphism of IGFBP-3 gene on development of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and its correlation with serum concentration of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 and with clinicopathological characteristics. One single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2854744) was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RLFP) technique. One hundred and sixty-two bladder cancer patients were genotyped for this SNP. The genotypes were compared with those of a random sample of 324 age-matched controls of the general population. Serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were also determined. We found statistically significant differences in the genotypic distribution between the cases and the control subject (χ2 = 6.43, df = 2.0, P = 0.028). Using CC genotype as a reference, the odds ratio for the subjects with AC genotype was 1.76 (95% CI: 1.27–2.84; P = 0.038). We detected a significantly decreased risk of bladder cancer associated with the AA genotype (adjusted OR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.24–0.64; P = 0.001) compared with the CC genotype. This decreased risk was more pronounced for invasive bladder cancer. Age-adjusted mean serum IGFBP-3 levels were lowest in the individuals with the CC genotype. We found a positive correlation between age-adjusted serum IGFBP-3 levels and circulating IGF-1 concentrations (16% difference in IGFBP-3 in top vs. bottom tertiles of IGF-1, P for trend = 0.001), which was comparable across genotypes at the -202 IGFBP-3 locus (interaction term, F = 0.10, P = 0.87). Genetic polymorphism of the IGFBP-3 gene may be involved in the etiology of bladder TCC, and our results need further confirmation by larger studies.
KeywordsInsulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 Polymorphism Urogenital cancer Bladder neoplasms Genetic variation
Reference tools
- Title
- The association between bladder cancer and a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2854744) in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) gene
- Journal
Archives of Toxicology
Volume 85, Issue 10 , pp 1209-1218
- Cover Date
- 2011-10
- 10.1007/s00204-011-0671-8
- Print ISSN
- 0340-5761
- Online ISSN
- 1432-0738
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3
- Polymorphism
- Urogenital cancer
- Bladder neoplasms
- Genetic variation
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Private Practice of Urology and Andrology, P.O. Box 19395-1849, Tehran, Iran


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I would like to recommend, in the interest of strong and healthy cardiovascular systems, a tasty, anit-oxidant rich beverage known as Dumpster Juice. I know, it sounds a bit pretentious, like a Cosmopolitan, but with more "country club" appeal, but trust me, it will make you grab yer sack and scream "Bullseye!". Dumpster Juice is an all purpose concoction that is right at any time. Here is the recipe: 1 oz vodka, 1 oz 151 rum, 1 oz Orange juice, 1/2 oz midori, 1/2 oz chambord. Yeah, Jake, it has a lot of ingredients- but it is brown and it is down. I thank the second floor bathroom at 30 Isham, Pure Pop, Spanish Fly and the music group that reached the top 80 in Guatemala, Dumpster Juice.
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NEW YORK (AP) - Tyson Chandler's dunk with 1:39 remaining in overtime, and two free throws by fellow rookie Eddy Curry with 12 seconds left provided the winning margin as the Chicago Bulls defeated the Knicks 104-101 Thursday night.
The Knicks took their only lead of overtime, 101-100, on Mark Jackson's 3-pointer with 1:51 left. It was the 15th straight game the Knicks have lost when giving up at least 100 points.
Chandler led the Bulls' seven double-digit scorers with 16 points. He also had a career-high 15 rebounds.
Neither team appeared capable of winning the game. In the fourth quarter, the Bulls scored only 13 points and shot 5-for-19, while the Knicks managed 14 points on 6-of-18 shooting.
Both teams had a last chance to win at the end of regulation. Allan Houston's pass to Kurt Thomas was broken up with one second remaining.
Boos came from the Madison Square Garden crowd when Jalen Rose gave the Bulls their biggest lead of the game, 70-59, on a 3-pointer with 7:59 left in the third quarter.
Thomas brought the Knicks back, scoring six points and blocking three shots in the next two minutes as New York climbed within five. Then, after the Knicks again fell behind by nine, he made two baskets and four free throws late in the quarter as the Knicks cut the deficit to 83-82 after three quarters.
Dalibor Bagaric also finished with 16 points for the Bulls, who have won three straight following a nine-game losing streak.
Thomas had 26 points and 17 rebounds for the Knicks. Jackson had 19 points and 10 assists.
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text: Actions from Caleb Movable Type Pro 5.2.11 2013-04-04T12:40:28Z http://www.witf.org/mt/mt-cp.cgi?__mode=feed&_type=actions&blog_id=9&id=1033 Commented on Radio Smart Talk: Transportation Secretary Barry Schoch in Smart Talk tag:www.witf.org,2013:/smart-talk//9.81896#34720 2013-04-04T10:40:28Z Caleb Roundabouts have been shown to be safer than signaled intersections according to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, as well as more efficient in terms of both traffic flow and fuel consumption. In addition, public opinion for roundabouts rises dramatically once they are in place because drivers realize these advantages. Could Secretary Schoch comment on why roundabouts are so rare in Pennsylvania while signaled intersections continue to pop up increasing congestion?]]> Commented on Radio Smart Talk: Should PA Lottery be privatized? in Smart Talk tag:www.witf.org,2013:/smart-talk//9.80719#34138 2013-01-17T13:43:13Z Caleb One of the basic rules of life is "If it looks or sounds too good to be true, then it most likely is."]]>