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Telephone & Addresses
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Mike Rollins (Age: 24)
30339 Atlanta GA
Mike Rollins (Age: 32)
34223 Englewood FL
Mike Rollins (Age: 40)
10960 Nyack NY
Mike Rollins, Beaumont, US, Gladys Ave
View Mike's social profiles and photos on Facebook, MySpace, and +40 Networks.
Yellow Page contacts
Network Profiles
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Mike Rollins Minor & Independent Leagues Statistics & History |...
Minors @ Baseball-Reference.com · Players · Affiliates · Leagues · Leaders · Teams · Ballparks · Support us without the ads? Go Ad-Free. Mike Rollins ...
Business Profiles
Mike Rollins | RecruitMilitary LLC | ZoomInfo.com
View Mike Rollins's business profile as Vice President , Sales at RecruitMilitary LLC and see work history, affiliations and more.
Private Homepages
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Mike Rollins' Plumbing & Heating, Augusta, ME 04330-5409
... Address: 114 Green Street, Augusta, ME 04330-5409. Mike Rollins' Plumbing & Heating - Repair Shops and Related Services (Unclassified) for Augusta, ME.
Psycho Mike Rollins - YouTube
Everybody better go to Office Depot and get their Hi-Liters ready, because it's time for a music video! Watch as Psycho Mike attempts video editing, even though he ...
Mike Rollins Fine Art
MikeRollins About Me Name: Mike Rollins . View my complete profile. Links. Google News; Edit-Me; Edit-Me; Previous Posts. Archives
If you're thinking 3PL think about us Rollins.
Rollins is an industry leader in 3PL and is a service-disabled veteran owned business started in the late 1800's in Springfield Ohio.
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classmates: Mike Rollins
Point Pleasant High School, Point Pleasant, WV, 1977-1981
classmates: Mike Rollins
High Island Middle School, High Island, TX, 1976-1980
classmates: Mike Rollins
Madison High School, Mansfield, OH, 1980-1984
classmates: Mike Rollins
Wabash High School, Wabash, IN, 1985-1989
Celebrities & Politicians
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IMDB Filmography: Mike Rollins
Sound Department, Salvia
IMDB Filmography: Mike Rollins (Character)
Mike Rollins (Character) from The Undershepherd (2012) The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. Overview.
Bad news
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legacy.com: Mike Rollins
KENDALLVILLE — Mike Rollins, 59, of Kendallville died Thursday, Nov. 6, 2014, at Parkview Noble Hospital, Kendallville. Visitation will be Sunday from 2-6 p.m. at Hite
legacy.com: Mike Rollins
Mike Rollins, 54, of Grandview passed away Sunday, Oct. 24, 2010. Funeral: 10 a.m. Thursday at First Baptist Church in Cleburne. Interment: Grandview Cemetery. Memorials: The
legacy.com: Mike Rollins
Mike Rollins, 54, passed away Sunday, Oct. 24, 2010. Funeral: 10 a.m. Thursday at First Baptist Church in Cleburne. Interment: Grandview Cemetery. Visitation: none specified.
findagrave: Rollins, Mike
06/18/1906 - 09/26/1910, New Middleton (Smith County, Tennessee)
Mike Rollins in the 1940 Census | Ancestry
View Mike Rollins's 1940 US census record to find family members, occupation details & more. Access is free so discover Mike's story today.
Books & Literature
Rollins: Don't outsource American jobs; reauthorize... | www ...
By Mike Rollins - Special to the American-Statesman. . When a wide ... Mike Rollins is president of the Greater Austin Chamber of Commerce.
Related Documents
Rollins v. Winn Dixie :: 1989 :: Tennessee Court of Appeals Decisions...
Rollins v. Winn Dixie - 780 S.W.2d 765
Mike Rollins. Mike Rollins has been with Coosa Valley Youth. Services since 1980 and has been the Executive. Director since 2000. He has worked in various.
My First IT, Suggestions?, by Mike Rollins, Jason Cawley, and Verker...
My First IT, Suggestions? By Mike Rollins (firstname.lastname@example.com), Jason Cawley (firstname.lastname@example.com), and Verker ...
Video & Audio
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Mike Rollins "Love" - YouTube
Mike Rollins playing
Mike Rollins & Co. - Throwin' Down the FUNK!!!!! on Vimeo
Saxman Mike Rollins and his group - joined by Eric Bloom - throw down this funky jazz at Cuban Revolution on 3/31/2011 in Providence! Produced by Joe Votta for...
"Psycho" Mike Rollins Highlight Video - Wrestling Revolution Project...
▶ 2:00... Export; Add to. "Psycho" Mike Rollins Highlight Video - Wrestling Revolution Project. more. Publication ...
Mike Rollins - Hudl
Check out Mike Rollins's Football highlights on Hudl. Mike Rollins goes to Pace High School in Pace, FL. Mike Rollins plays for the team Boys Varsity Football.
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Mike Rollins | Community Impact Newspaper
Local news story topics from including business, elections, state legislature, commerce, government, development, health care, transportation, dining, arts,...
Mike Rollins - Pro Wrestling - Wikia
This article is a stub, an article too short to provide more than rudimentary information about a subject. You can help Pro Wrestling Wiki by expanding it.
Mike Rollins And Neil Letendre Live
Enjoy an evening of smooth jazz and R&B!
Larry Chance and the Earls, the Mystics, Eddie Holman featuring...
Larry Chance and the Earls, the Mystics, Eddie Holman featuring Complex Simplicity with Mike Rollins & Neil Letendre at Pierce Stadium in ...
Reports & Statements
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Twitter Posts: Mike Rollins (Mike_Rollins)
15.05.2012 @DALJuggernaut72 When are we going fishing?
Twitter Posts: Mike Rollins (Mike_Rollins)
15.05.2012 RecruitMilitary just had another successful placement with Sundek in their DC office! Sundek is a very military friendly company!
Twitter Posts: The Deal Meister (DealsPVD)
15.05.2012 Support your Local Musicians: Mike Rollins and Co. http://t.co/SGlt5giL DealsPVD
Twitter Posts: Mike Rollins (Mike_Rollins)
14.05.2012 Our Dallas Opportunity Expo is coming up on July 19th. If you are interested in hiring veterans, please contact me.
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Catherine Hawkins & Mike Rollins - Wedding Registry
Catherine Hawkins and Mike Rollins from Salt Lake City, UT have registered at Amazon for their wedding on March 14, 2015. Browse all their registries in one...
Mike Rollins Tree & Stump Service - Yahoo Local
Find Mike Rollins Tree & Stump Service in Pine River with Address, Phone number from Yahoo US Local. Includes Mike Rollins Tree & Stump Service Reviews, ...
Mike Rollins Plumbing & Htg in Southwick | HVAC Contractors in ...
Find Mike Rollins Plumbing & Htg in Southwick with Address, Phone number from Yahoo US Local. Includes Mike Rollins Plumbing & Htg Reviews, maps ...
411MANIA | 'Psycho' Mike Rollins Joins Jeff Katz's Wrestling...
"Psycho" Mike Rollins is the latest name to join Jeff Katz' Wrestling Revolution. Rollins joins Amazing Red, Ben Muth, Prince Devitt, Luke ...
Alex Shelley Faces Mike Rollins this Sunday! | Smash Wrestling
Alex Shelley vs "Psycho" Mike Rollins. Brad: Scott, we've talked about some pretty big matches for Destiny Awaits, but perhaps one that people keep forgetting ... Sun, Mar 15 Any Given Sunday 3
Mike Rollins - OWW
Title History . NFW Junior Lightweight title (); Career Highlights . The Mike Rollins vs Cameron Steele placed 5th in Midwest Match of the Year..
Erin Rollins and Mike Rollins's Baby Registry on The Bump
Erin Rollins & Mike Rollins's Registry. Due Date: Nov 16, 2015 | Location: Bluffton, SC. Erin Rollins has shared a baby registry with you! See what Erin needs ...
Gerald Albright, Elan Trotman, and Mike Rollins - JazzTimes
Mike Rollins and Company kicked off the night with, "Never Too Much," by the late, great Luther Vandross. Rollins and his band are solid ...
Global Golf Post » Master Sergeant Mike Rollins Archives - Global...
But for retired Air Force Master Sergeant Mike Rollins, the ups and downs of the game are not metaphors. "I fall a lot but… Continue Reading → ...
J. Mike Rollins: lm3524-motor
Mike Rollins, Wake Forest Unix Administrator and More
The Hunting Game » Mike Rollins – Decatur, TX
Mike Rollins - Decatur, TX 11314. ... Mike Rollins – Decatur, TX. Posted On 13 Jan 2014. By : thehuntinggame · Comment: 0 · Mike Rollins - Decatur, TX ?
Mike Rollins
KLEM - LeMars Iowa Best Radio Station.
Mike Rollins: Profile & Match Listing - Internet Wrestling Database...
Discover information about Mike Rollins and view their match history at the Internet Wrestling Database
Texas CEO Magazine Mike Rollins Archives - Texas CEO Magazine
By Mike Rollins When a wide range of political leaders agree on something, you can bet it has broad support. And that's certainly true of the ...
Mike Rollins | ClickWrestle
Watch professional wrestling matches online. Download videos of Shimmer, WSU, ChickFight featuring Cheerleader Melissa and many more great wrestlers.
Mike Rollins Career Statistics - Racing-Reference.info
Mike Rollins Career Statistics
Mike Rollins Construction - 24 Highland Ave, Belleville, ON |...
Company profile, information and contact info for Mike Rollins Construction - 24 Highland Ave, Belleville, ON from ProFile Canada, Canada's most trusted...
Mike Rollins Plumbing & Htg. Plumber - Southwick, MA. Projects,...
See past project info for Mike Rollins Plumbing & Htg including photos, cost and more. Southwick, MA - Plumber.
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With the advent of modern chemotherapy and subsequent alteration of the natural course of acute lymphocytic leukemia over the last decade, central nervous system (CNS) leukemia has emerged as a significant therapeutic problem.1
We have recently treated a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia who had tremor, ataxia, and transient hemiparesis without classic signs of meningeal irritation. A diagnosis of multifocal leukoencephalopathy was entertained, but lumbar puncture revealed the true nature of the disease to be leukemic involvement of the CNS. A complete response to intrathecal methotrexate was obtained.
Report of a Case
A 4-year-old white boy was examined, and acute lymphocytic leukemia was diagnosed in June of 1966. He had obtained his fourth complete remission on vincristine sulfate, prednisone, and daunomycin in August 1968 and was being maintained on once-monthly doses of these drugs. Two weeks prior to admission in association with an upper respiratory infection, the parents
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Bell Ranger Lil' Joey Infant Boys' My First Treestand Diaper Shirt
Item # 785196
Key Features
Soft, lightweight 60% cotton, 40% polyester blend
Rib-knit crew collar for a snug, comfy fit
Vibrant Realtree AP Pink camouflage print
"My First Treestand" embroidery at center front
"Lil' Joey" patch logo at the left sleeve
Our Price $17.99
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Product DescriptionThe Bell Ranger Lil' Joey My First Treestand Diaper Shirt is crafted from a soft, lightweight blend of 60% cotton and 40% polyester fabric for premium durability and comfort. Rib-knit trim at the crew-neck collar and leg openings ensures a snug, but not-too-tight fit. The t-shirt is printed all over in a vibrant Realtree Xtra camouflage pattern and features "My First Treestand" embroidery at the center front and a "Lil' Joey" logo patch at the left sleeve. The tagless neck label guarantees itch-free wear. Imported.


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Pittsburgh Pirates Walk-Off With Win After Replay Review
Pirates Win Challenge To Give Them Walk-Off 2-1 Victory Over Giants
With the scored between the Pittsburgh Pirates and San Francisco Giants tied at 1-1 with?2-outs in the bottom of the ninth Starling Marte sent a drive off the right field wall.
Marte hustled in to third with a triple and when the relay throw escaped third baseman Pablos Sandoval he raced home. Sandoval quickly retrieved the ball and fired to catcher Buster Posey who tagged Marte and home plate umpire Quinn Wolcott??called him out.
Pirates manager Clint Hurdle came out of the dugout to challenge the call and after review Marte was called safe to give the Pirates the walk-off victory.


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If Lance Armstrong learned one thing from his high profile engagement to – and split from – Sheryl Crow, it's this: He should keep his private life private.
"We are not going to talk about whoever is involved or whoever is in my life," the seven-time Tour de France winner tells the Associated Press. "If somebody takes a picture they can put two and two together."
Since Armstrong, 35, and Crow, 45, ended their two-year relationship in February 2006, the athlete hasn't been linked to any particular women, although he did develop a close friendship with Matthew McConaughey. (On the ensuing gay rumors, the actor joked to Details in October: "We tried it. Wasn't for us.")
Dating in the public eye is "so hard," Armstrong tells the AP. "It puts too much strain and unrealistic expectations on a relationship when you put it out there. It's tough when you love somebody and you want to be with them, you want to talk about them. It's not easy, but I think it is by and large better not to talk about it."
Armstrong, a testicular cancer survivor, gave the interview on Monday during a break from a meeting of the President's Cancer Panel focusing on tobacco research.
He also said he plans to run in the New York City Marathon again this year. He competed in the race for the first time in November, and later called it "the hardest physical thing I have ever done."
Lance Armstrong Says His Love Life is Off-Limits
Kevin Mazur/Wireimage
The Latest


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Podcast (mac): Play in new window | Download
Podcast (mac-video): Play in new window | Download
There's News this week as Apple shift to gain some of its money in Bond Sales. The 50 Billionth App gets downloaded and the 100 Billionth could be in as little as One Year. Mophie make a new juice pack, Siri gets pissy and quotey and BBM is coming to iOS…Yeah Right!
Released 19 May 13


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The Book of Genesis (Hardcover)
Email or call for price
Special Order
Now, readers of every persuasion Crumb fans, comic book lovers, and believers can gain astonishing new insights from these harrowing, tragic, and even juicy stories. Crumb sBook of Genesis reintroduces us to the bountiful tree lined garden of Adam and Eve, the massive ark of Noah with beasts of every kind, the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah destroyed by brimstone and fire that rained from the heavens, and the Egypt of the Pharaoh, where Joseph's embalmed body is carried in a coffin, in a scene as elegiac as any in Genesis. Using clues from the text and peeling away the theological and scholarly interpretation that have often obscured the Bible's most dramatic stories, Crumb fleshes out a parade of Biblical originals: from the serpent in Eden, the humanoid reptile appearing like an alien out of a science fiction movie, to Jacob, a kind ve depressed guy who doesn t strike you as physically courageous, and his bother, Esau, a rough and kick ass guy, to Abraham's wife Sarah, more fetching than most woman at 90, to God himself, a standard Charlton Heston-like figure with long white hair and a flowing beard. As Crumb writes in his introduction, the stories of these people, the Hebrews, were something more than just stories. They were the foundation, the source, in writing of religious and political power, handed down by God himself. Crumb sBook of Genesis, the culmination of 5 years of painstaking work, is a tapestry of masterly detail and storytelling which celebrates the astonishing diversity of the one of our greatest artistic geniuses. Nominated for three 2010 Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards: Best Adaptation from Another Work, Best Graphic Album, Best Writer/Artist.


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Who Gets Kicked Out? Moving Trucks Spotted at Brangelina's House After Split Announcement
- 04:27 PM, Sep 22
Beyonce Performs Live in Concert During The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour
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To fit your screen, we scale this picture smaller than its actual size. The original picture size is 620x1000 pixels and this photo has been viewed 3166 times since March 05, 2014


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Latest Results
Flat Spin Success!
Although not the yard's normal discipline, we have had a bit of fun on the flat with one win, a 2nd and a 3rd in just 4 runs on the all-weather within the last couple of weeks, culminating in a win for Knight's Parade on his debut run for the yard on 25 February! The first in the sequence was White Dog, known in the yard as Logan, who arrived
|Read more...
Flemi Marvellous!
Flemi Two Toes delivered a Boxing Day gift by winning the 3 mile 1 furlong conditional jockeys' race at Huntingdon in great style, ridden by our conditional, Romain Clavreul. This was Romain's first win under rules in Britain and, to add to the festive celebration,
|Read more...
The Flying Doctor!
We had a very exciting day yesterday. Doc (aka Who You For) won the bumper at Southwell on his very first run for the yard. He was picked by The Racing Post as the "Eyecatcher of the Day" of the meeting.
|Read more...
Yard News
Pony Racing Update
William enjoyed a very exciting end to the pony racing season. On Sunday, 25 October, he was at Aintree racing in the Charles Owen 148cm final riding his pony, Hope. In a very exciting race in which he sat off the pace until coming through with a great run over the last three furlongs,
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Open Day Report
We were amazingly lucky with the weather for the yard's Open Day on 12 September. Despite warnings of heavy rain,
|Read more...


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It means to only have one God, which is God. When we find something, we don't go gaga over it. We still pray to God and not to the new thing," says Ashley, 11. For a fuller understanding of "gaga," let's go to Cory, 11: "When the commandment says to have no other gods 'before …
Category Archive: Gospel News
Sep 28 2014
What Is the Meaning of the First Commandment?
Permanent link to this article: http://www.easttexasreview.com/what-is-the-meaning-of-the-first-commandment/
Sep 21 2014
Why Did Jesus Say, 'Don't Cast Your Pearls Before Swine'?
"Don't give a smoker money to buy a good meal because he will just buy more cigarettes," says Waymon, 9. The dangers of smoking are well documented, but I don't think Jesus had smokes in mind here. If you're puffing two packs a day, your throat and lungs may feel like fried bacon, but that's …
Permanent link to this article: http://www.easttexasreview.com/why-did-jesus-say-dont-cast-your-pearls-before-swine/
Sep 14 2014
What Will You Do When You See God? (Part 2)
"When I see God, he'll make a rainbow for me," says Ally, 5. "He's gonna show me how to make one. He's gonna sit down in the grass and eat an apple with me." Ally's answer is more than cute. It could be insightful as well. Who knows the entire capabilities of a resurrected body …
Permanent link to this article: http://www.easttexasreview.com/what-will-you-do-when-you-see-god-part-2/
Sep 07 2014
What Will You Do When You See God? (Part 1)
"When I see God, I will give him a big hug," says Whitney. "Then I will go say 'hi' to all the people in Bible times. Then I will ask him everything I ask my parents that they can't answer." Whitney, I'm sure your parents will rejoice with you. "I will fall down on my …
Permanent link to this article: http://www.easttexasreview.com/what-will-you-do-when-you-see-god-part-1/
Dec 15 2013
What is the Golden Rule?
What did Jesus mean when he said, "Therefore, whatever you want men to do to you, do also to them"? "If you are mean to someone, then they will start being mean back to you," says Blain, 7. Brooke, 9, looks to agriculture to interpret the golden rule: "If we plant something good, we get …
Permanent link to this article: http://www.easttexasreview.com/what-is-the-golden-rule/
Dec 08 2013
How Does Knowing God's Love Affect Your Relationships With People?
"I'm OK, You're OK" is the title of a former best-selling book. "I Stink, You Stink" is the reality behind many soured relationships. God's love "affects me because I feel loved, and that makes me love other people," says Rachel, 9. Rachel has identified the key to healthy relationships. When we know God loves us …
Permanent link to this article: http://www.easttexasreview.com/how-does-knowing-gods-love-affect-your-relationships-with-people/
Permanent link to this article: http://www.easttexasreview.com/should-you-obey-a-law-that-forbids-worshipping-god/
Nov 10 2013
Guarded by God
There was a large stag – a red-coated deer – that roamed through the hills of Rome. No one ever came near it or tried to capture or kill it. It was protected by Caesar and all were forbidden to disturb it. On its sides were the words, "Touch me not! I belong to Caesar." …
Permanent link to this article: http://www.easttexasreview.com/guarded-by-god/


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Vioxx award reduced to $7.75M because of law
HARLINGEN - A judge in a Texas widow's lawsuit regarding the Merck & Co. drug Vioxx on Thursday reduced a $32 million jury verdict to about $7.75 million, citing Texas' recently enacted caps on punitive damages.
Preparation vs. performance
Less stress makes for more productive calves, but making that pay is not always easy.
CEO's bonus breaks record
NEW YORK - John Mack's record for the biggest bonus ever paid to a Wall Street CEO didn't last even a week. It was smashed by the $53.4 million that Goldman Sachs gave its chief executive, Lloyd Blankfein.
Producers face bright new year
After a challenging year on the farm, ag producers face at least the promise of a brighter - more profitable - tomorrow.
The plastics revolution
The scene in 1967s "The Graduate" is one of the most memorable in film history.
Business Briefs
Stocks pulled back Thursday after economic data pointing to weakness in regional manufacturing and a slowing U.S. economy weighed on investor sentiment in light trading ahead of the holiday weekend.
Comings & goings
Comings & goings
Growth slows to 2 percent
WASHINGTON - The economy felt the strain of the housing bust and lost momentum in the late summer, with more sluggish performances expected in the months ahead.
Lady Raiders roll Furman, 63-44
LUBBOCK - The child actor who played Lois Lane's son in the new movie "Superman Returns" attended Thursday's game at United Spirit Arena.
Colt McCoy cleared to play in Alamo Bowl
AUSTIN - Texas quarterback Colt McCoy was cleared Thursday to play in the Alamo Bowl.
Knight poised to tie record
LUBBOCK - Bob Knight talks to his son every day about coaching.
TCU captures Poinsettia Bowl
SAN DIEGO - Cornered by Horned Frogs, Garrett Wolfe saw his college career end with a whimper.
Thanksgiving date doesn't suit Tech
LUBBOCK - The Texas Tech-Baylor football game could become a regular feature of Thanksgiving weekend, but the schedules the Big 12 Conference released Tuesday for seasons 2008 through 2015 aren't set in stone.
Christmas tales sweet
Reading a Christmas tale aloud is like baking a batch of sugar cookies. Both activities conjure the essence of the holidays: visiting family and friends, trimming trees, attending parties, hearing the church cantata. Though you are in the midst of shopping, wrapping and writing cards, make time to sit down with a child and read a book. Savor the respite. Realize you are offering a rare gift: a fond memory.
Abby: Parents should be parents, not friends
DEAR ABBY: Here I go, sounding like an old fogy, but "Feeling Lost and Guilty" (11/5), who said she and her loudmouthed, snotty son are "best friends," has brought her problem on herself.
Dear Abby: Daughter unsure about contact
DEAR ABBY: My parents split when I was 3 and divorced when I was 6. I am now 28. Mama remarried when I was 7 to a man I consider to be my dad. My biological father, "Kevin," lived in the same town we did until I was 11, when we moved. (My stepfather was in the military.)
Dr. Gott: To operate or not is the question
DEAR DR. GOTT: I am a 66-year-old white male, in good health. That is, no heart problems or other major ailments.
Gott: Did Mexican treatments cure woman's cancer?
DEAR DR. GOTT: Several weeks ago, you printed a letter from a gentleman whose wife had terminal cancer and he was wondering what to do. You mentioned (in a very unfavorable manner) the possibility of seeking alternative treatment in Mexico. I would like to respond to some of your comments.
New Year's Eve on that other coast
LOS ANGELES - When the country counts down the minutes and seconds to the New Year, millions always tune in to the celebrations in THAT city.
Heloise: See-through storage boxes for travel
Dear Heloise: It is high time that I pay my dues. For, lo, these many years, I have read and used hundreds of hints and recipes from your columns.
Drum program leads to success
WASHINGTON - At first glance, the connection between drumming on a steel pan and doing well on a science project might not seem clear. But 10-year-old Gordon Marshall is sure the two are linked.
Slices of Life
Short's Broadway show closes in January
Heloise: Send preserved fall leaves to out-of-state relatives
Dear Readers: We printed a letter from a reader about receiving fall leaves as a gift through the mail. Well, this hint certainly brought out some other wonderful hints:
Gorillas set for games at Oklahoma City, Lubbock
The Amarillo Gorillas will begin a two-game road swing beginning at 7:35 tonight at Oklahoma City.
Metro Roundup: Caprock girls rally to beat Levelland
Caprock's Lady Longhorns rallied from a 10-point deficit after one quarter to even their season record with a 46-41 victory on Thursday at Levelland.
Third-quarter scoring spurt lifts Randall past No. 3 Borger
Christmas is still a few days away. But Randall wrapped up a nice Yuletide gift for itself.
Stratford run among area's most impressive
The Christmas season is here so that means state championship football.
Three area players make 3A all-state first team
DALLAS - Only four teams call District 5-3A home, but that league gained statewide recognition Wednesday, with four players earning first- and second- team status on the 17th annual Associated Press Sports Editors all-state football team.
AHS girls drop Palo Duro
Certainly, one Amarillo ISD girls basketball coach and his players will have Jolly Old St. Nick-like smiles on their faces over the Christmas holiday.
PD, AHS square off tonight
Hold on a second.
Plainview back nabs honor
Plainview, Hereford and Palo Duro, the top three Class 4A football teams in the Texas Panhandle, gained statewide recognition Thursday, landing one first-team pick and three second-team selections on the 17th annual Associated Press Sports Editors all-state teams.
Basketball, Football, Hockey, Odds, Skiing, Transactions
Mavs coach: Nowitzki injury scarier on replay
DALLAS - It had been awhile since Dirk Nowitzki had looked like this.
Pantex: Concerns baseless
A Pantex probe has rejected most of the safety and workplace concerns employees raised in an anonymous letter last month, but investigators say the nuclear weapons plant could do a better job of managing overtime and clarifying management roles and responsibilities.
Highland Park OKs expansion
Highland Park Independent School District needs more space to house increasing numbers of students, officials said.
Bus riders still stuck in Amarillo
Bus passengers were still stranded in Amarillo on Thursday night due to weather-related issues in Colorado.
Snow gives kids chance to play
Parents and children alike had a day of adjustments with the recent snowfall.
Decorating is their passion
What's Christmas without 18 themed Christmas trees or a 130-piece Christmas village?
Limb cleanup under way
The storm is over, but the calls keep coming.
Ones to Watch: Thomas Lawson
Ones to Watch
Grand jury to hear probe into Marshals shooting
Findings from an investigation into the U.S. Marshals' November shooting of a wanted Colorado fugitive, who shot himself in the head after marshals' rounds hit him, are expected to be presented to a Potter County grand jury next month.
Trees toppled by ice, snow
Siberian elms and oak trees across Amarillo have had enough.
Man dies after being thrown from motorcycle
A 25-year-old man died when he was thrown from his dirt motorcycle that he was riding on icy Amarillo roads Tuesday night.
Restraining order in raid denied
A federal judge Tuesday denied a temporary restraining order sought by Amarillo attorneys in connection with the Dec. 12 illegal immigration raid at the Swift meat packing plant in Cactus.
Pantex probe rejects many concerns cited in anonymous letter
A Pantex investigation has rejected many of the workplace and safety concerns workers raised in an anonymous letter last month, but Pantex officials say the month-long review has identified some room for improvement at the nuclear weapons assembly plant.
Pampa water line breaks
Pampa residents continued to boil water Wednesday as a precautionary measure after two water line breaks Tuesday night.
Panhandle Workforce board wins top prize
Bringing employees and employers together is the mission of the Panhandle Workforce Development Board. For its good work, the board won top place this year at the Texas Workforce Conference this month.
Board to hear plans
Changes inside the Paramount Building have caused the need for changes outside the historic downtown structure built in 1915.
Pampa lifts warning to boil water from tap
The city of Pampa has lifted its warning for residents to boil all water before consumption.
Panel OKs four-way stop at 32nd and Bonham
Worried about their kids' safety and tired of what they call an "Indianapolis 500," residents near Southwest 32nd Avenue and Bonham Street spoke up to have something done about it. So on Wednesday, Amarillo's Traffic Commission approved placing a four-way stop at the intersection.
Paramount remodel OK'd
A city board has given the green light to exterior remodeling of the Paramount Building and demolition of a building on the Our Lady of Guadalupe Catholic Church campus.
Empty Stocking 32: Mother eager to make a fresh start
"It's beginning to look a lot like Christmas, everywhere you go..."
Empty Stocking: Mom would like new dress for church
In just a few days, Christians from all over the world will unite in spirit to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ.
Ones to Watch: Kayla Davis
Rolling Hills Elementary School
Letting off some steam
A broken power line sparked an attic fire in the 2000 block of Travis Street early Thursday.The Amarillo Fire Department responded to the blaze at 8:17 a.m. Ice on a tree limb caused the branch to snap on a power line, sparking a fire inside the house, reports show. Firefighters had to cut holes in the ceiling to reach the fire source, the AFD said. No one was home at the time of the blaze. The accident caused about $15,000 in damage, the AFD said.
Storm blankets city in white
Amarilloans awoke to winter scenes of snow and ice Wednesday morning.
Convenience store, home robbed Tuesday
Amarillo police are investigating two robberies that happened Tuesday.
Garcia more interested in playoff push than T.O.
PHILADELPHIA - Jeff Garcia has put Terrell Owens behind him and only cares about what's up ahead: a surprising playoff push he's leading with the Philadelphia Eagles.
And now, he's in the Pro Bowl
IRVING - Tony Romo is headed to the Pro Bowl along with three teammates - none of whom answers to the initials "T.O."
amarillo.com | Today's Stories
amarillo.com | Today's Stories
Eddie Mae Nance
CLOVIS, N.M. - Eddie Mae Nance, 82, formerly of Silsbee, Texas, died Friday, Dec. 15, 2006, in Lubbock, Texas.
Obits - Text Only
Text Only
Dorothy Halliburton Woolley
SPEARMAN - Dorothy Halliburton Woolley, 74, died Monday, Dec. 18, 2006.
Christian G. Drager
RHEA COMMUNITY - Christian G. Drager, 96, died Wednesday, Dec. 20, 2006, in Friona.
Nita Clubb
Nita Clubb, 79, of Amarillo died Tuesday, Dec. 19, 2006.
Ruby Neff
Ruby Neff, 81, of Canyon died Tuesday, Dec. 19, 2006, in Amarillo.
Guadalupe M. Villarreal
HEREFORD - Guadalupe M. Villarreal, 61, died Wednesday, Dec. 20, 2006.
Deshon Yvette Neal Scott
ARLINGTON - Deshon Yvette Neal Scott, 36, formerly of Amarillo, died Wednesday, Dec. 13, 2006.
Walter Lee Woolley
SPEARMAN - Walter Lee Woolley, 77, died Monday, Dec. 18, 2006.
Frances Snodgrass Brown
WAXAHACHIE - Frances Snodgrass Brown, 94, died Tuesday, Dec. 19, 2006.
Jesse Carl Hall
SILVERTON - Jesse Carl Hall, 79, died Sunday, Dec. 17, 2006, in Amarillo.
Theresa Lorell Sanders
BOWIE - Theresa Lorell Sanders, 91, died Tuesday, Dec. 19, 2006.
Wanda Charlene Hall
PAMPA - Wanda Charlene Hall, 62, died Tuesday, Dec. 19, 2006, in Amarillo.
Jesus "Jesse" Silva Preciado
Jesus "Jesse" Silva Preciado, 85, of Amarillo died Wednesday, Dec. 20, 2006.
Brent Charles Hoover
PERRYTON - Brent Charles Hoover, 44, died Monday, Dec. 18, 2006.
G.W. Clark
BORGER - G.W. Clark, 78, died Wednesday, Dec. 20, 2006, in Houston.
Isaias Mora Sr.
PLAINVIEW - Isaias Mora Sr., 56, died Saturday, Dec. 16, 2006.
Auda Mae Word
QUANAH - Auda Mae Word, 86, died Monday, Dec. 18, 2006, in Sulphur Springs.
Saundra J. Beard
CLOVIS, N.M. - Saundra J. Beard, 59, died Friday, Dec. 15, 2006, in Lubbock, Texas.
Gidget L. Bradley
CLOVIS, N.M. - Gidget L. Bradley, 40, died Saturday, Dec. 16, 2006.
J.D. Roth
PAMPA - J.D. Roth, 81, died Tuesday, Dec. 19, 2006.
Katie Beatrice "Bea" Lee
CLOVIS, N.M. - Katie Beatrice "Bea" Lee, 78, died Sunday, Dec. 17, 2006.
Mattie Shaw
QUANAH - Mattie Shaw, 95, died Wednesday, Dec. 20, 2006, in Wichita Falls.
Julian Dennis "J.D." Lusk Sr.
CLOVIS, N.M. - Julian Dennis "J.D." Lusk Sr., 84, died Monday, Dec. 18, 2006.
Ruby Neff
Ruby Neff, 81, of Canyon died Tuesday, Dec. 19, 2006, in Amarillo.
Ray Thomas Hudson
Ray Thomas Hudson, 82, of Amarillo died Thursday, Dec. 21, 2006.
W. Floyd Sheridan
CLOVIS, N.M. - W. Floyd Sheridan, 85, died Saturday, Dec. 16, 2006, in Farwell, Texas.
Nancy Pauline Sell
PETERSBURG - Nancy Pauline Sell, 94, died Tuesday, Dec. 19, 2006, in Lubbock.
Vivian Webb
CLOVIS, N.M. - Vivian Webb, 88, died Sunday, Dec. 17, 2006.
Jim Heida
ESCALON, Calif. - Jim Heida, 54, died Wednesday, Dec. 20, 2006, in Hereford, Texas.
Eunice Ashford
OKLAHOMA CITY - Eunice Ashford, 90, died Tuesday, Dec. 19, 2006, in Guthrie.
Dustin William Moore
Dustin William Moore, 25, of Amarillo died Wednesday, Dec. 20, 2006.
Rosalee Colley Gentry
Rosalee Colley Gentry, 96, formerly of Amarillo, died Saturday, Dec. 16, 2006, in Corpus Christi.
Jesse Carl Hall
SILVERTON - Jesse Carl Hall, 79, died Sunday, Dec. 17, 2006, in Amarillo.
Betty Jo Potts
Betty Jo Potts, 84, of Amarillo died Monday, Dec. 18, 2006.
Leonard Hill
CHILDRESS - Leonard Hill, 58, died Wednesday, Dec. 20, 2006.
June "Nanny" McDonald
June "Nanny" McDonald of Amarillo died Tuesday, Dec. 19, 2006.
Mary Jo Proffitt
MEMPHIS - Mary Jo Proffitt, 82, died Wednesday, Dec. 20, 2006.
Aubrey Stroup
Aubrey Stroup, 94, of Amarillo died Monday, Dec. 18, 2006.
Don Dewayne Danner
Don Dewayne Danner, 71, of Canyon died Monday, Dec. 18, 2006, in Amarillo.
Roberto Alban Salcido
DUMAS - Roberto Alban Salcido, 25, formerly of Dumas, died Tuesday, Dec. 12 2006, in Liberty, Mo.
Column - Ronald Fraser: Prison detrimental to nonviolent offenders - and taxpayers
BURKE, Va. - Locking up nonviolent offenders is not just the most expensive form of punishment. Time in a Texas penitentiary or county jail also condemns nonviolent men and women to a violent, disease-riddled world where many become likely to commit more serious crimes.
Column: Dan Swaim: Pantex's poison pen pal Anonymous is as anonymous does
We employees at Pantex, because of the very nature of our work with nuclear weapons, are quiet about the work we perform. Our communication and security policies minimize the potential for third parties to piece together small bits of information to gain a larger understanding of the classified information we use and protect.
Letters: Thanks a lot for medical opinion
On the morning of Feb. 2, I received a telephone call from my mother-in-law, who was 93 and lived at her home alone, that she had fallen and couldn't get up.
Column: Dave Henry: Salvation Army needs the Cavalry
"You can ring my bell, anytime, anyway."
Editorial: Cactus raid attacks justice
A case against several dozen illegal immigrants arrested at a Cactus meat-packing plant is going to get complicated.
Editorial: Randall County builds for better economic future
Government officials and business owners talk frequently about "public-private partnerships" and how they can benefit the community at large.
Letters: Faux Indians offend real ones with their make-believe
I am a Sicangu Lakota from South Dakota, new to Amarillo. As a grass dancer who has been given the right to carry sacred items, I know my own heritage and culture.
Letters: Former WTAMU president responds to scorn with grace
Former WTAMU president responds to scorn with grace
Editorial: All aboard for railroad project Texas, New Mexico can share costs
Texas and New Mexico can't even meet halfway on a railroad overpass that would benefit communities on both sides of the state line.
Editorial: A dose of our own medicine
Americans today may be bigger, faster, stronger, live longer and enjoy more technological advancements than we did 40 years ago, but that doesn't mean we're necessarily any smarter - or less greedy.
Hot-shooting Lady Buffs rout ENMU
PORTALES, N.M. West Texas A&M head coach Krista Gerlich was concerned that her team might start its Christmas break early.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 17, 1977
|Filing date
|Jul 31, 1975
|Priority date
|Oct 9, 1967
|Publication number
|William R. Wanesky
|Original Assignee
|Western Electric Company, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (7), Classifications (13), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a division of application Ser. No. 232,735, filed Mar. 8, 1972, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,899,379 which is a division of application Ser. No. 64,898, filed July 30, 1970, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,690,984 which is a division of application Ser. No. 729,859, filed Apr. 10, 1968, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,632,074 which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 673,900, filed on Oct. 9, 1967, now abandoned.
This invention is particularly adapted for use in the manufacture of small, fragile semiconductor devices or integrated circuits of the so-called beam lead type. Examples of these beam lead devices are disclosed in M. P. Lepselter U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,287,612 and 3,335,338. The invention is adapted to be used in conjunction with picking up, holding and maintaining orientation of small articles, but will be particularly described with respect to beam lead transistor devices which comprise a semiconductor body on which leads bonded as an integral part of the device extend from the body like cantilever beams to form both electrical and mechanical connections to a header or circuit pattern formed on a substrate. These beam leads are essentially of gold which is electroplated onto a semiconductor body which will be hereinafter designated a wafer.
A typical beam lead device is very minute, the leads being only 10 microns thick, 3 mils wide and 9 mils long while a square wafer body is only 2 mils thick and 18 mils wide.
In batch manufacture of these fragile devices, a plurality of arrays of beam leads are electroplated to extend from a number of active or doped areas formed in a slice or sheet of semiconductor material such as silicon. The slice is secured to a mounting plate with wax so that the beam leads are embedded in the wax. The nonwaxed surface of the slice is masked with a photosensitive resist to expose the areas between individual transistors and these exposed areas are etched to separate and form a plurality of individual beam lead transistor devices.
Heretofore, the resist and wax were removed by use of suitable solvents. This treatment resulted in a loss of the orientation of the transistor devices on the mounting plate, or if the devices were left in an oriented array on the plate, there was no way of moving the plate from the fabrication location to another manufacturing location without loss of the device orientation. A number of mechanical apparatus of the vibratory or shaker type were developed and tried in an attempt to regain orientation of the devices to enable subsequent manufacturing operations to be performed on the devices. However, these apparatus proved less than satisfactory because of damage to the beam lead device or slow operating capabilities in providing a supply of devices for the subsequent manufacturing operations. These subsequent operations may include testing of the devices or the assembly and bonding of the devices into integrated circuit modules. For economic mass production, it would be advantageous if the devices could be transferred from the batch fabrication location in oriented array to permit facile handling, feeding or loading of the devices into automatic testing or bonding machines.
The need for maintaining device orientation without individual handling of the devices may be further appreciated by noting that it is very difficult to transfer beam lead devices of this minute size without damaging or bending the leads, or without chipping or scratching the wafers.
The present invention contemplates new and improved methods of handling beam lead devices during manufacturing operations, while maintaining device orientation and decreasing the likelihood of damage to the devices. More particularly, in one embodiment of the invention the beam lead devices, partially embedded in a wax layer on a mounting plate, are cleaned of a photoresist coating and then temporarily secured to an intermediate holding device while the wax and the mounting plate are removed. Next, the exposed portions of the devices are pressed against a carrier plate which exerts an attractive vacuum force on the devices. Finally, the intermediate holding device is removed leaving the devices in the original orientation on the carrier plate. The attractive force exerted by the carrier plate is sufficient to hold the devices in the original orientation during shipment to another manufacturing location where each device can be easily removed from the carrier plate and bonded or connected to a circuit module.
The invention also contemplates a carrier, or a mounting plate coated or otherwise constructed of, or provided with a layer of, silicone rubber or resin which engages and applies a vacuum or suction holding force to the individual transistor devices or other articles. This vacuum holding force is sufficient to maintain device orientation during subsequent handling or transfer, but yet the force is small enough to permit easy removal of the devices by use of a vacuum pickup or a pair of tweezers. The pressure sensitive vacuum holding properties of the carrier may be controlled by changing such parameters as the size of the contacted area, the surface roughness or configuration and the thickness of the coating or carrier.
FIG. 1 is a greatly enlarged perspective view of a beam lead transistor device which may be effectively transferred from a mounting plate onto a carrier plate in accordance with the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 2 discloses a disc-like mounting plate having a layer of wax which serves to partially embed an oriented array of transistor devices following device fabrication;
FIG. 3 is a perspective, sectional view, again greatly enlarged, taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2, showing a portion of one device embedded in wax and also disclosing a photoresist layer on a semiconductor wafer or chip of the device;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view through the array of oriented transistor devices and the mounting plate illustrating a fluid stream being applied to remove the photoresist;
FIG. 5 shows a cross section of a fixture wherein a screen is stretched across the oriented array of transistor devices in preparation for temporary securing of the transistors and the mounting plate to the screen;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view illustrating the application of a soluble adhesive through the screen to secure the transistors to the screen;
FIG. 7 depicts the immersion of the transistor devices, the screen and a part of the fixture in a solvent that acts to dissolve the wax;
FIG. 8 shows the fixture reassembled with the dewaxed transistors urged into pressing engagement with a layer of silicone resin on a carrier plate in anticipation of immersion of the fixture into a tank of fluid solvent which acts to dissolve the temporary adhesive;
FIG. 9 shows the carrier plate vacuum holding an array of transistors in anticipation of subsequent handling or transportation;
FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the invention wherein ice is used as an intermediate holder during the transfer of articles from a mounting plate to a pressure sensitive vacuum holding mounting;
FIGS. 13, 14, 15 and 16 illustrate a method of the invention wherein articles are selectively transferred from a mounting plate to an intermediate holder constructed of a peelable adhesive, and then to a pressure sensitive, vacuum holding carrier;
FIG. 17 illustrates additional aspects of the method of the invention wherein beam lead devices embedded in wax are directly transferred onto a pressure sensitive vacuum holding layer;
FIGS. 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22 graphically depict a further application of the principles of the invention wherein individual transistor devices are fabricated to be releasably supported by individual plugs constructed of pressure sensitive, vacuum holding material which acts as a peelable adhesive;
FIG. 23 shows a carrier having depressions formed in its surface to limit the pressure sensitive vacuum holding properties of the carrier;
FIGS. 24, 25 and 26 illustrate a method of separating a frangible substrate and retaining the separated substrate on a pressure sensitive, vacuum holding carrier; and
FIGS. 27 and 28 illustrate a method of relieving the holding force on an article by applying a swelling agent to a support constructed of pressure sensitive, vacuum holding material;
FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an alternative embodiment of the fixture shown in FIG. 5, wherein a screen is stretched across the oriented array of transistor devices positioned on a movable pedestal having a nonplanar surface in preparation for temporary securing of the transistors and the mounting plate to the screen;
FIG. 30 is an enlarged cross section of a portion of the fixture shown in FIG. 29 illustrating the manner in which the screen is spaced a predetermined distance from the remainder of the fixture;
FIGS. 31, 32 and 33 graphically depict a further application of the principles of the invention wherein the distance between individual transistor devices of an array thereof is increased by stretching a substrate on which the array is temporarily held and, wherein the separated devices are transferred to a pressure sensitive, vacuum holding carrier.
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a beam lead transistor device 10 comprising a semiconductor body, or wafer, 11 having a doped or active area 11' in communication with three beam leads 12 extending in cantilevered fashion as integral parts of the wafer. One embodiment of the invention will be explained with respect to the handling of beam lead transistor devices. As previously explained, a great multitude of beam lead transistor devices 10 are simultaneously fabricated from a single silicon slice, e. g., 1200 devices may be formed from a slice having a diameter of one inch. Upon separation of the individual transistor devices, they are maintained in orientation due to the fact that the slice was originally secured by a pliant cement, such as wax 13 (FIGS. 2 and 3), to a sapphire or aluminum oxide or glass mounting disc 14. The pliant cement is selected to be removable or releasable upon the application of heat and/or a solvent. It is desired in the practice of this embodiment of the inventive method that the transistor devices 10 be removed from the wax 13 and placed on a carrier which can be transported to another manufacturing area for subsequent processing of the transistor devices.
Referring to FIG. 3, it will be noted that the beam 12 is fully embedded in the wax 13 while the transistor wafer 11 is fully exposed except for active area side 11'. During the fabrication of the individual transistor devices, each was masked with a photoresist 16 to leave exposed the intervening spaces between the individual devices. The exposed intervening surfaces were etched, thus leaving an array of separated, individual transistor devices embedded in wax, as shown in FIG. 2. The resist 16, which may be of the type sold by the Eastman Kodak Company under the trade designation KTFR, may be removed by projecting a pressurized fluid stream 17 (FIG. 4) from a nozzle 18 in the manner taught in W. R. Wanesky U.S. Pat. No. 3,515,607. The fluid stream 17 works its way under the photoresist layer 16 to peel the resist layer from the wafer 11, leaving the beam lead transistor devices 10 embedded in the wax 13 as depicted in the right-hand portion of FIG. 4.
Considering now the steps in removing the wax, the sapphire mounting plate 14, along with the wax embedded devices 10, are placed on a flat pedestal 21 (see FIG. 5) projecting from a circular base 22 of a fixture 23. The fixture includes an annular ring 24 across which is stretched a fine mesh screen 26, e. g., stainless steel 230 mesh screen. The screen mesh should be selected so that several openings are presented to each transistor device while being of sufficient size to allow for the flow of liquid therethrough. The annular ring 24 is assembled on the base 22 and may be secured thereto by fasteners 27, which are illustrated as wing bolts extending through bores 28 and into threaded apertures 29 formed about the peripheral area of the base 22. In the practice of this step of the method, it is not necessary to draw up the wing bolts 27, it being sufficient to merely place the screen 26 over the exposed transistor devices 10. As shown in FIG. 6, an adhesive or hardenable material 31, such as cellulose nitrate or cellulose acetate, is now sprayed or otherwise spread over the screen 26 to embed and secure the wafers 11 in place. The wafers 11 are thus cemented in the original orientation to the screen which serves as an intermediate holder in the transfer process. A brush 32, or pallet spreader, may be utilized to facilitate the even distribution and flow of the cellulose nitrate through the screen and about the wafers 11.
Next, it is desired that the wax 13 be removed to release the sapphire mounting plate 14. First, the wax 13 may be softened by application of heat allowing the mounting plate and a good portion of the wax to be lifted or peeled from the transistor devices 10. The removal of the remaining wax may be accomplished, as illustrated in FIG. 7, by immersing the annular ring 24, the screen 26 and the adhered to oriented array of wafers 11, along with the remaining wax 13 and the mounting plate 14, in a bath 33 of boiling trichloroethylene or other solvent that will dissolve the wax, but not the adhesive 31. The trichloroethylene acts as a solvent to remove the wax from the completely exposed undersurfaces of the devices 10, but does not destroy the bonding strength of the cellulose nitrate. Any residual wax, or other foreign particles, may be removed by applying a spray of trichloroethylene, or other suitable cleaning fluid, to the exposed undersides of the transistor devices.
It is now desired to transfer the transistor devices 10 onto a carrier plate, or disc, 36 such as illustrated in FIG. 9. The disc 36 has a layer or film 37 of pressure sensitive, vacuum holding material, such as silicone resin of the general type sold by the Dow Corning Corporation under the trade designation "Sylgard 182". Investigations revealed that the silicone resin possesses the property of releasably holding a smooth surface, nonporous device when such a device is pressed against the exposed surface of the resin.
The coated disc 36 is placed on the pedestal 21 (see FIG. 8) and the ring 24 is secured in the fixture by tightening the wing bolts 27. The dewaxed beam lead transistor devices 10 are now sandwiched between the silicone resin layer 37 and the cellulose nitrate adhesive 31. The bolts 27 are drawn up to tension the screen 26 and force the undersides of the beam leads 12 into intimate contact with the surface of the silicone resin layer 37.
In a more preferred embodiment the coated disc 36 is placed on a movable pedestal 103 (see FIG. 29) which is in a lowered position. The ring 24 is placed in position on the lower portion 104 of a second fixture 105 and rests on spring-loaded plungers 106 of screw assemblies 107. The assemblies 107, each of which comprises a plunger 106 and screw 112 having a spring 113 mounted therebetween, are adjusted up or down to obtain a predetermined space 108 (see FIG. 30) between the ring 24 and the lower portion 104 of the fixture 105. Having been positioned to obtain the desired space 108, each assembly 107 is locked in place by a nut 109. The pedestal 103, with the coated disc 36 thereon, is raised from its lowered position until the coating 37 just touches the devices 10 attached to the screen 26. At this point, the pedestal 103 is locked to the lower portion 104 of the fixture 105 by means of a wing screw 110.
The space 108 is chosen so that when wing screws 27 (see FIG. 29) are tightened sufficiently to draw the ring 24 against the lower portion 104 of the fixture 105, the screen 26 will not be deformed beyond its elastic limit.
As illustrated in FIGS. 29 and 30, the top surface of pedestal 103 may be slightly convex or coneshaped with the center of the surface 111, in any case, being elevated several thousandths of an inch above the outer periphery thereof. In addition, it is preferred that the elevated portion of the surface 111 include a flat area to add stability to the disc 36 when the ring 24 is unclamped. When the ring 24 is brought into contact with the lower portion 104 of the fixture, the screen 26 is drawn taut exerting a downward force on the disc 36 sufficient to cause it to take an approximately spherical shape, but not sufficient to cause the disc to fracture. Because the screen 26 is pulling down on the now dome-shaped or spherical surface of the disc 36, there exists downward components of force which press devices 10 anywhere on the screen against coating 37. This brings the underside of beam leads 12 into intimate contact with the surface of the silicone resin layer 37 and assures the transfer of all devices 10, particularly smaller ones.
Regardless of whether a flat pedestal 21 or a nonplanar, movable pedestal 103 is employed, the assembled fixture (23 or 105, respectively) is now immersed in a bath of solvent 38; e.g. acetone, to dissolve the cellulose nitrate. The fixture is removed from the bath and the wing bolts 27 loosened to remove the screen 26. The disc 36 may now be lifted and the beam lead transistors 10 will remain on the surface of the silicone resin layer 37 in the original orientation shown in FIG. 2. In addition, it will be noted that the fragile beam leads 12 are fully supported by either the wax 13, the intermediate cellulose nitrate adherent 31, or the silicone resin layer 37 during the various steps of the process, thereby substantially eliminating the possibility of bending or otherwise damaging the beam leads.
The carrier disc 36 may be constructed of a heat resistant glass with a 0.005 to 0.001 inch silicone resin or rubber film. The glass disc is first primed for good adhesion of the silicone resin. When silicone resin is to be used as the film, then the primer may be of the type sold under the trade designation Sylgard primer by the Dow Corning Company and when silicone rubber is used, then the primer may be of the type sold under the trade designation "Silastic 1201" primer by the Dow Corning CCompany. The film coating may be cast on the surface of the glass disc and then a thin, flexible cover, with a surface of desired roughness, is placed against the coating after which the resin is cured. The surface of the silicone layer will be an exact reproduction of the surface of the cover which is peeled away after curing. It has been further discovered that the surface roughness is directly related to the ability of the silicone resin to hold objects pressed against the surface; the smoother the surface, the greater the holding ability. It has also been found that thicker, softer layers of silicone resin or rubber exhibit greater holding abilities. Experiments have shown that porous objects, such as paper, do not adhere to the silicone resin surface which leads to the theory that a vacuum is produced between the object and the surface of the silicone resin, so that, when an object is pressed against the surface, it displaces the air therebetween.
When an oriented array of beam lead transistor devices are transferred to the silicone resin coated disc 36, the disc may be transported without loss of device orientation. The use of a transparent, heat resistant glass disc 36 with a silicone resin layer has the added advantage in that the entire assemblage is transparent, thus permitting visual inspection of the underside of the beam lead transistor devices 10. The transistor devices may be removed from the carrier by a vacuum probe, or by use of tweezers, and advanced into a bonding machine for subsequent connection to a circuit module or onto a header.
In the alternative, the disc 36 may be coated with silicone rubber, such as Silastic silicone rubber manufactured by the Dow Corning Company. The silicone rubber is opaque, but it does have the same pressure sensitive, vacuum holding properties exhibited by the silicone resin. Further, either the silicone resin, or the silicone rubber, may be formed on the disc 36 by placing small amounts of uncured resin or rubber on the disc and then spinning the disc at a high speed, such as 8000 rpm. Upon uniform spreading of the resin or rubber over the surface of the disc, the spinning is stopped, and the resin or rubber is allowed to completely cure and adhere to the disc 36. It will be observed that in both instances, only thin, film-like layers 37 of holding material are applied to the carrier disc. Film thickness of the magnitude of .0005 to .001 inch have proved effective in holding the oriented devices 10 during transportation, while allowing easy removal by tweezers or a vacuum pick up at the subsequent fabricating or assembly location.
Attention is now directed to FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 for consideration of a second embodiment of the invention. Again, the mounting disc 14 is placed in the fixture 23 so that the screen 26 is resting on the tops of the transistor devices 10. In this instance, the photoresist layers 16 may be retained on the transistor wafers 11. The fixture 23 is now successively immersed in solvents that act to dissolve the wax 13 and the photoresist 16. Successive immersions in a resist etchant (such as sold under the trade designation J-100, by the Indust-Ri-Chem Labs, Richardson, Texas), trichloroethylene, and acetone remove both the photoresist 16 and the wax 13, leaving the device 10 retained by the screen 26 on the mounting plate 14. Next, a hardenable or solidifiable liquid, such as a few drops of water 41, is spread over the screen 26 to wet the screen 26 and the devices 10. The water 41 is then frozen by moving a suitable refrigerating device into the vicinity of the water; for example, a shallow copper receptable 42 containing dry ice 43. The wing bolts 27 are now removed and the upper, annular ring section 24 is lifted to enable the removal of the mounting plate 14 to expose the undersurfaces of the devices. This mounting plate may be removed by the simple gripping with and manipulation of a pair of tweezers.
It is now desired to again transfer the ice-encased transistor devices 10 to a carrier plate 36 having a layer of pressure sensitive, vacuum holding material 37. As shown in FIG. 12, the carrier plate 36 is mounted on the pedestal 21 of the fixture 23 and the annular ring 24 is reassembled to move the transistor devices 10 against the pressure sensitive, vacuum holding layer 37. The beam leads 12 are forced into intimate engagement with the layer 37 upon retightening of the wing bolts 27. The ice 44 is melted by bringing a suitable heating fixture 46 into proximity with the fixture 23. The ice melts and flows from the pedestal 21 and the remaining moisture is evaporated, leaving the screen 26 urging the devices 10 toward the layer 37. Again, the pressure sensitive, vacuum holding layer 37 will exert a holding force on the beam leads 12 so that when the screen 26 is removed, the transistor devices 10 are arrayed on the layer 37 in the original orientation as depicted in FIG. 9.
It is to be understood that in the practice of this embodiment of the method, the resist layer 16 can be removed by a fluid blast as depicted in FIG. 4. In this instance, there is no need to immerse the assembled fixture 23 in a solvent for removing the photoresist 16, an immersion in boiling trichloroethylene being sufficient to dissolve the wax and clean the devices 10.
Referring now to FIGS. 13, 14, 15 and 16 for an understanding of a further embodiment of the invention wherein the transistor devices are not only transferred from the mounting plate 14 onto the carrier plate 36, but also those transistor devices 10 found to be defective are removed and not transferred onto the carrier plate. Again, the devices 10 are embedded in a wax 13 on the mounting plate 14. The devices 10 can be visually checked or electrically tested to determine which devices in the array are defective. An intermediate holder in the form of a card 51 of a suitable smooth plastic, such as a polyester condensation product of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid sold under the trade name Mylar, by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, is punched with a coordinate array of apertures 52 corresponding to the devices 10 that passed inspection. It will be noted that no apertures appear in the aperture array which correspond to the defective devices in the device array cemented in the wax 13.
The card 51 is now positioned, as shown in FIG. 15, to align the apertures 52 with the satisfactory devices 10. In this instance, pressure sensitive, vacuum holding material acting as a peelable, adhesive is spread over the card 51, and through the apertures 52 into intimate engagement with the exposed top surfaces of the devices 10 to form an intermediate adherent layer 53. This layer is cured and the assemblage is then immersed in boiling trichloroethylene to dissolve the wax 13. Those devices 10 not contacted by the peelable, adhesive layer 53 are released and dropped into the tank of solvent. The mounting plate 14 is also released leaving the devices 10 clinging to projections 54 extending from the adherent, peelable layer 53. If any of the defective devices 10 are not washed away during the immersion in the solvent, they may be brushed from the card, leaving the satisfactory devices clinging to the projections 54. The card 51, with the layer 53 and the satisfactory devices 10, is then pressed against a layer of pressure sensitive, vacuum holding material 37, as illustratedd in FIG. 16. The card 51 is held and the layer 53 peeled away to withdraw the projections 54 from contact with the devices 10. The satisfactory devices 10 are now held, in their original orientation, on the pressure sensitive, vacuum holding layer 37 of the carrier plate 36.
In another application of the principles of the invention, a carrier plate 61, (see FIG. 17) is provided with a thin layer 62 of pressure sensitive, vacuum holding material, such as silicone resin, and then a layer of liquid wax 63. A silicone slice 64, with the beam lead 12 side down, is pressed into the wax. As previously described, the slice is provided with a resist pattern 66 overlying the individual transistor devices 10. Again, the intervening exposed area (shown in dashed lines) of the slice 64 are etched away. Now, the carrier plate 61, with the wax-held devices 10, is placed on the pedestal 21 (see FIG. 5) of the fixture 23 and the screen 26 drawn down by tightening the wing bolts 27. This assemblage is immersed in a bath of boiling trichloroethylene to dissolve the wax. Upon removal from the bath, the annular ring 24 is removed leaving the oriented array of beam lead devices 10 held on the underlying silicone resin layer 62. Again, the orientation of the devices is not disrupted by subsequent transport and permits removal of the devices by a vacuum pickup probe at an assembly station.
Referring now to FIGS. 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22, there is illustrated a modified method of fabricating individual transistor devices 10 so that each device is releasably supported and held on an individual plug of silicone resin or silicone rubber. First, a carrier plate 70 (FIG. 18) of ceramic is constructed and formed with a plurality of frustro-conical openings 71. Next, a layer of wax 72, such as glycol phthalate is spread over the plate 70 to cover the upper surface of the plate and incidentally fill the openings 71. A silicon slice 73 with arrays of beam leads 12 is pressed into the wax to imbed the leads with the centers of the devices over the centers of the upper extremities of the openings 71. The wax flowing into the hole 71 is now removed by directing a spray 74 (see FIG. 19) of solvent against the underside of the carrier plate 70. The spray also removed a portion of the wax layer 72 to expose areas 75 on the underside of the slice.
The next operation is to draw silicone resin or silicone rubber into the conical openings 71 to engage the now exposed undersurface areas 75 of the slice 73. The carrier plate 70 is inverted as shown in FIG. 20, and a layer 76 of uncured silicone resin or silicone rubber is spread over the top surface of the now inverted plate. Some resin 76' flows into the openings 71 but these openings are not completely filled because of the relatively high viscosity of the uncured resin and the small dimensions of the openings. As shown in FIG. 20,the plate 70 is placed in a vacuum chamber 77. Vacuum is developed within the chamber 77 and the air in the openings 71 is drawn into the chamber to bubble the resin, as depicted by the dash outline 76". The bubbles 76" will burst after limited expansion so that the vacuum will now be impressed within the openings 71. Again some of the silicone resin flows into the openings which are now subject to the same vacuum that appears in the chamber 77. However, these openings are still not completely filled.
The carrier plate 70 is removed from the vacuum chamber 77 whereupon ambient air pressure acts on the fluid silicone resin 76 to force the resin into the openings 71. The resin completely fills the openings 71 (see FIG. 21) and contacts the exposed surfaces 75 of the slice 73. The silicone resin is cured. From an inspection of FIG. 21, it will be noted that small projections 78 extend from the openings 71 through the openings formed by the removal of the wax 72. The ends of these small projections abut and exert a holding force on the exposed surfaces 75 of the slice.
In the manner previously described, the slice 10 is masked with resist patterns over the individual transistor device areas. Again the slice is etched to form the individual transistor devices 10. Upon subsequent removal of the resist and the remaining wax by immersion in suitable solvents as previously described, the individual transistor devices 10 will be held, as shown in FIG. 22, on the end faces of the projections 78 extending from the now formed frustro-conical plugs 79 positioned in the openings 71. Each individual transistor device may be removed with tweezers or a vacuum probe. In the alternative, the remaining layer 80 of silicone resin may be peeled from the underside of the carrier plate 70 to remove the plugs 79 from the openings leaving the transistor devices freely supported and in the original orientation on the upper surface of the carrier plate 70.
Considering a still further feature of the invention, it was discovered that the holding effect of the pressure sensitive, vacuum holding layer can be reduced by forming a great number of small, shallow pockets separated by ridges in the surface of the layer. As shown in FIG. 23, a layer 81 is provided with a coordinate array of square pockets 82 separated by ridges 83, in one direction, and equal length ridges 84 in the transverse, orthogonal direction. The pockets may be tapered, 5 mils wide and 1 mil deep. When a beam lead device 10, having dimenstions of sufficient magnitude to span several pockets, is pressed against such a pocketed layer 81, the initial holding force was found to be substantial, precluding easy separation of the device 10 from the layer 81. However, after a few minutes, this initial holding force was dissipated, permitting the easy removal of the device 10 by manipulation of a pair of tweezers or a vacuum probe. It is believed that the reduction of holding force is due to air leaking into the holding cavities or pockets 82.
Attention is directed to FIGS. 24, 25 and 26 for a consideration of a further application of certain principles of the invention. In this instance, a slice 91 of frangible semiconductor material of the type used in the manufacture of transistors, is scribed or scored to provide orthographic grooves 92 and 93 to define individual transistor wafers 94. The scribed slice 91 is placed between a carrier sheet 96 of pressure sensitive, vacuum holding material and a flexible plastic sheet 97 which does not possess the property of ability to hold articles placed thereon. The plastic sheet may be constructed of a polyester sheet such as sold under the trade designation Mylar, by the E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company. The sheets 96 and 97 and the intervening slice 91, are subject to flexing forces to sever the slice along the scored grooves 92 and 93. The slice, fractured along the scored lines, leaves the individual wafers 94 adhered to the pressure sensitive, vacuum holding sheet 96. The plastic sheet 97 is removed, leaving the wafers 94 in a coordinate array that is held to the carrier sheet 96.
A still further feature of the invention contemplates the transfer of objects, such as transistor devices 10, from a first sheet of pressure sensitive, vacuum holding material onto a second sheet of such material by merely providing the second sheet with greater holding ability. These increased holding abilities can be attained by providing the second sheet with either a smoother surface, or by making the second sheet thicker than the first sheet. In both instances, if the top and bottom surfaces of the transistor devices are equally smooth, then the pressing of the second sheet against the transistor devices on a first sheet results in a transfer and adherence of the devices to the second sheet upon subsequent separation of the sheets.
The holding force exerted by the pressure sensitive, vacuum holding material, may be relieved by spraying the exposed surface about the article with trichloroethylene. More particularly, referrring to FIG. 27, there is shown an article 98 such as a transistor device supported on a carrier or layer of pressure sensitive, vacuum holding material 99 (silicone resin or silicone rubber). The exposed surface of the layer 99 about the article 98 is sprayed with trichloroethylene and the spray acts to expand or swell up the material 99 so that the material adjacent the peripheral edges 101 of the article actually lifts the article from the original surface in the manner illustrated in FIG. 28. The article 98 acts as a mask so that the bulk of the area underneath the article is not affected by the trichloroethylene. When the trichloroethylene evaporates, or is removed, the layer 99 returns to its original size. However, the article is now held by a significantly smaller force thereby facilitating easy removal of the article. The smaller force is due to the fact that the force urging the article into engagement is determined by the weight of the article. Of course, a strong holding force can be re-established by pressing the article against the surface of the layer.
An article, such as article 98, may be transferred from a first layer of pressure sensitive, vacuum holding material to a second layer by first spraying the first layer with trichloroethylene to reduce the vacuum holding force underneath the article and then pressing an untreated second layer of pressure sensitive, vacuum holding material against the article. When the layers are separated, the article will cling to the second layer.
A still further feature of this invention contemplates the transfer of objects, such as transistor devices 10, from a resilient stretchable substrate 102 (see FIGS. 31 and 32) which has been stretched to increase the spacing between the devices. While the substrate 102 is in its stretched condition, a disc 36 having a coating of silicone rubber or resin 37 thereon is brought down over the separated devices 10 and into contact therewith, as illustrated in FIG. 33. A further description of the above described method of transferring separated devices 10 is set forth in a copending application by J. R. Bippus and A. F. Johnson, Ser. No. 696,873, filed January 10, 1968 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,448,510, which is assigned to the assignee of this application. The subject matter of that patent application is incorporated herein by reference.
It is to be understood that the above-described methods, arrangements of apparatus, and composition of elemental parts are simply illustrative of an application of the principles of the invention and many other modifications may be made without departing from the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 1, 1956
|Nov 1, 1960
|Method of flush circuit manufacture
|Jun 13, 1956
|Jun 20, 1961
|Rogers Corp
|Process for making a printed circuit
|Aug 12, 1960
|Oct 13, 1964
|Westinghouse Electric Corp
|Process for preparing semiconductor members
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 2, 1986
|Sep 6, 1988
|Semikron Gesellschaft Fur Gleichrichterbau
|System for the production of semiconductor component elements
|Apr 17, 1987
|Aug 29, 1989
|Xoc Devices, Inc.
|Packaging system for stacking integrated circuits
|Apr 15, 1988
|Aug 28, 1990
|Xoc Devices, Inc.
|Packaging system for stacking integrated circuits
|Sep 4, 1997
|Aug 22, 2000
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Planarization process and apparatus for the etch definition of magnetic head air bearing surfaces
|Sep 30, 2015
|Apr 21, 2016
|Infineon Technologies Ag
|Method of forming a chip assembly and chip assembly
|Jun 10, 2001
|Dec 20, 2001
|Infineon Technologies Ag
|Method for processing a wafer
|Jun 10, 2001
|Apr 11, 2002
|Infineon Technologies Ag
|Method for processing a wafer
|U.S. Classification
|216/36, 216/41
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 19, 1984
Owner name: AT & T TECHNOLOGIES, INC.,
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED;REEL/FRAME:004251/0868
Effective date: 19831229


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January 14, 2013
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David Robinson, the US principal deputy assistant secretary of state in the Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration, visited the Mae Lae refugee camp on Friday to announce plans to discontinue the US resettlement program for refugees from Burma within the next 120 days.
Robinson said the reason for the move was that the US had reached its quota of refugees from Burma.
Saw Eh Kler, the secretary 1 of the Mae La camp, said after meeting with the ambassador that refugees holding UN registration cards can still apply for resettlement to the US for the next 120 days, starting from today.
Mae La is home to more than 40,000 refugees, and is the largest of nine camps on Thai-Burmese border, which house a total of around 140,000 refugees displaced by decades of conflict in Burma.
Robinson will travel to other camps along the border over the next few days to make the announcement about the end of the US resettlement program, which began in 2005.
The US is one of several countries participating in the program, which according to the Thai-Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) has so far resettled 70,000 refugees to the US, Canada, Australia and several European countries.
According to the TBBC, which has coordinated support for the camps for more than two decades, more than half of the resettled refugees have moved to the US. The other participating countries are expected to continue accepting new applicants for the program.
Although Robinson did not not cite political changes inside Burma, including recent ceasefires reached with ethnic armed groups based along the border, in the decision to discontinue US involvement in the program, some refugees said they suspected that this played a part in the move.
Saw Htun Htun, who once chaired a committee overseeing the Mae La refugee camp, said that if that really was the reason for ending the program, it reflected a poor understanding of the current situation.
"No matter how much the international community praises Burma, the rulers are still mostly people who served in the former military government. So I don't think they will hand over power easily to a genuine civilian government," he said.
"I think the peace process in Burma will take a very long time. That's why, for the sake of my family's future, I decided to resettle in a third country," he added.
In Rangoon US embassy, 90% of the applicants who are seeking entry visa to US have been rejected for many reasons. It means that ordinary Burmese citizens have very rare chance to go to US even for tour. On the other hand, 90% fake refugees who sneaked into the refugee camps in Mae Sot District and applied for resettlement, could resettle in US. Resettlement is very powerful pushing factor for the refugees to go back to Burma. Please wait and see after these 120 days what these fake refugees in the camps will do- sneak inside Thailand and find a job or quietly go back to their original place?
Yebaw Kyaung,
What do you mean "90% fake refugees"? In Burma, except military related families, all the people are refugees in the own homeland. You may not know the definition of "REFUGEE". Don't attack the ones who seek refuge somewhere. You call yourself Yebaw but I call you Yebaw Kyaung. If you attack the cruel government, we can understand but you just attack the people who seek refuge somewhere. They sneak or they walk straight, none is your business. I am not a refugee but I have no problem with people who seek refugee status in the West. We all know that the Myanmarese junta is the worst of the worst. The most corrupt government.
I do not attack the people but attack the fake ( unwanted and undersirable) persons who make the problems to real refugees. Because of these fake refugees US government stopped taking refugees from Mae La Camp. Because of these fake refugees the real refugees lost their right for resettlement. That's what I mean brother Doe.
People are not stupid, they are powerless. When the elites cozy up to one another what chance do the people have? They'll get pushed around from pillar to post. Even some of their own leaders may sell them down the river for position or lucrative business opportunities. Look no further than our own ASSK, poacher turned game keeper, with the big carrot of presidency enticingly dangling in front.
Organize and fight for your rights! There is no alternative.
when i get a chance to rule burma soon, burma will become a place of refuge for all in troubles….burma will become the richest, the most economically powerful and the most peaceful nation not just in asia but in the whole wide world. burma will become rich not necessarily individually but as a society, meaning no billionaire but even the least in society able to afford quality living; owning decent homes, holding decent jobs, having access to all the quality and affordable health care, being able to take care of one's family…and the like…..burma will achieve all these with what it has now…..not necessarily by importing so called elites from harvard or any other institutions.
we all so call Burmese has this type of attention and mind, i wish, you should implement what you promise to each one of us, i meant those who read your simple comment.
I will cast my vote tomorrow, if you are not from USDP.
They used to call it "looking to your aunts instead of your mother", and the military was forever accusing its adversaries with it. Now they are inviting every man jack to violate her in an auction. Some change.
it is very sad to hear that the USA will be stopping resettlement program for Burmese people,this is the only hope that we have and have been waiting for over 5 years so now we are hopeless. Instead of going back to the ruthless namely democracy, racist who has been trying to drive away the races or tribes from their land and resettle original Burmese people in their land and influence them, the country no freedom, no right, it is better to live in other countries even as illegals, i pray that USA will still keep taking refugees from Burma because it is the only hope that millions of people have in the second country
There is no fake refugee until and unless there's a war or dictatorshipnism is in their country.


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'Precious' in many ways
The movie was on the screen, but the drama was in the hall, where Mariah Carey strolled by with a smile on her face, trailed by an entourage.
And when the elevator opened, no less royalty than Oprah Winfrey stepped out with entertainment entrepreneur Tyler Perry beaming at her side.
While none of them will be coming to town in the flesh anytime soon, all of them will be present in spirit Sunday when "Precious: Based on the Novel 'Push' by Sapphire" closes the Milwaukee Film Festival in sold-out showings at the Marcus North Shore Cinemas in Mequon and the Oriental Theatre.
Perry and Winfrey are executive producers of the film and Carey co-stars, with Mo'Nique, Paula Patton, Lenny Kravitz and newcomer Gabourey Sidibe in the title role.
When team "Precious," including director Lee Daniels, gathered recently to promote the film in Toronto, it was in celebration of a long journey.
And while the drama of celebrity played out in the hallway outside, the slight and soft-spoken Daniels sat in a hotel suite and spoke about the film.
Winfrey and Perry became executive producers of "Precious" after the film's premiere at the Sundance Film Festival, an association that will only boost the profile of a gritty but inspirational film some believe could be this year's "Slumdog Millionaire."
Daniels said that Winfrey, whose voice he mimicked saying his name, will be "doing her twirl for me" to promote the film on her show. And "Tyler brings in an audience that I really want to see this film."
But otherwise, "Precious," which opens nationwide in November, is Daniels' baby.
Finding the 'Precious' inside
"Precious" is about an obese, illiterate and abused young African-American girl, played by Sidibe, and how her blossoming self-awareness is nurtured by a caring teacher, played by Patton. Daniels, who said he made the movie for his kids and for his mother, called the film "a snapshot into my world" and said he was nervous about "letting other people inside my head, my home space."
When asked if that meant that he was "Precious," too, he said yes.
"And so are you," he added. "That's what I learned. I didn't know it would affect people the way it has. I thought maybe my family, neighbors and people I went to school with" would relate to the film. "I didn't know it would have a universal appeal."
"Precious" was written by Brooklyn-based teacher turned poet and novelist Sapphire and published in 1996, which is when Daniels, then a talent manager, first read it. It is "completely fictional," said Daniels, but the character of Precious "is based on a bunch of students" Sapphire taught. Daniels was immediately smitten, but the author, he said, "did not want to see her book as a film. She's truly an auteur. An intellectual. She did not care for and was unimpressed with Hollywood."
"Precious" is Daniels' second film as a director, but he produced two other gritty works: "The Woodsman," with Kevin Bacon as a convicted sex offender, and "Monster's Ball," for which Halle Berry won an Oscar for best actress. It turned out Sapphire admired "Monster's Ball" and agreed to sell him the rights.
"I was really lucky," Daniels said. "Not lucky. Blessed."
Sapphire likes the film, he said. "She cried in my arms when she saw it," he recalled.
Four exceptional women
In addition to Sapphire, the film could not have been made without four exceptional women.
One of course, is Sidibe, a college student making her first film, whom Daniels calls "my angel."
Another is Carey, in the role of a social worker, whom Daniels made wear a wig and put bags under her eyes.
"And because she has a tendency to walk in stilettos," he said, he told her "to walk on the palms of her feet and in sneakers. We started with the feet and stripped her of makeup. It changed who she was."
Daniels also stripped Patton of makeup "and she was still beautiful. I needed her to be a breath of fresh air that came through the darkness" created by Mo'Nique, in an Oscar-worthy turn as Precious' physically and emotionally abusive mother. The actress "was abused herself, I found out later," he said.
Finding the right voice
Daniels likes working with musicians and singers turned actors like Carey, or like Kravitz, who plays a nurse, Mos Def in "The Woodsman" and Sean Combs in "Monster's Ball."
They "have a fresh take actors don't necessarily have," Daniels said. "They attack the work differently" and are more eager "to jump through the hoops you put them through."
Daniels, a former theater director, said the hardest part of directing "Precious" was capturing the character's unique voice.
"She's the narrator of her own story," he said. "It's like a journal she's writing. You can barely understand her in the beginning. . . . Showing her growth as she becomes more articulate was very hard to do."
Daniels' success in doing so may be the result of eliminating the middleman.
As a producer, he said, "I had a vision, and the director executed that vision."
But now the vision and the execution belong to him.
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Affinity is a fellowship of Churches, evangelical Agencies and Christians.
Through our fellowship together we seek to express the unity all God's people enjoy because they belong to Jesus Christ.
Churches in all parts of the United Kingdom and Ireland belong to Affinity together with evangelical agencies and individual Christians.
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What about preparing your heart for for Christmas, but more than just being ready for one day - how about using the lead up to Christmas as an opportunity for reflecting on the person and work of Jesus and what it means for us?
Posted 28th September 2016 | Comments 0
The Prayer Calendar for September is now available to download. With one item for every day of the month, please use this to inform your praying for the many churches, agencies and individuals who are faithfully serving the Lord both in the UK and around the world. Thank you!
Another very convenient way of accessing the calendar is via the mobile app PrayerMate. Sign up for the daily feed here. Use this app for your mobile device and subscribe to our calendar to receive the prayer item for each day direct to your phone or tablet.
Prayer Calendar - September 2016
Posted 31st August 2016 | Comments 0
The Prayer Calendar for August is now available to download. With one item for every day of the month, please use this to inform your praying for the many churches, agencies and individuals who are faithfully serving the Lord both in the UK and around the world. Thank you!
Another very convenient way of accessing the calendar is via the mobile app PrayerMate. Sign up for the daily feed here. Use this app for your mobile device and subscribe to our calendar to receive the prayer item for each day direct to your phone or tablet.
Posted 29th July 2016 | Comments 0
Christian Focus have recently published the papers from the 2015 Affinity Theological Study Conference under the title "In Christ Alone".
The papers deal with the subject of union with Christ.
Editor Stephen Clark says:
Union with Christ is the jewel in the crown of salvation. It has many and varied facets. Indeed, the reality denoted by the words 'in Christ' is unfathomable. But the importance of this great truth is such that Christians need to seek to plumb its unsearchable depths. This present volume seeks to show how union with Christ is expounded by two New Testament writers, how it was understood by two great theologians and how it relates to two key areas of biblical teaching, before a final chapter plots the scriptural development and structure of this great truth and its practical relevant for us today.
Contributors include Stephen Clark, Cornelis Bennema, Tim Ward, Robert Letham, John Fesko, David McKay and Paul Wells.
The retail price is £12.99 but it can be obtained for £9.00 (including postage) by ordering direct from Affinity at email@example.com
Posted 11th July 2016 | Comments 0
Book the dates now! Our next Study Conference, God willing, is 1-3 March 2017 at King's Park, Northampton. The theme is a very timely one for the church in the Western world:
'The Christian Church – Its Mission in a Post-Christian Culture'
Papers will consider the subject from biblical, historical, theological and practical perspectives. Please consider joining us for this event as we engage with the papers (sent out in advance), with the authors, and with one another in small groups and plenary sessions. In doing so we will seek to understand together what the church's appropriate response should be in the coming years.
Paper 1: 'Light to the Nations and Aliens and Strangers: an Overview of the People of God in the Old Testament' – David Green
Paper 2: 'Light to the Nations and Aliens and Strangers: an Overview of the People of God in the New Testament' – Chris Bennett
Paper 3: 'When Society is Collapsing: Augustine and The City of God' – Paul Helm
Paper 4: 'The Church Militant and Martyred: The Reformation till Today' – Lee Gatiss
Paper 5: 'On Understanding our Times' – John Stevens
Paper 6: 'On Serving God in our Generation' – David McKay
More details on how to book for the conference will follow soon.
Note: for an introduction to some of the issues in question, see Ted Turnau's paper in the latest edition of Foundations:
Dialogues Concerning Cultural Engagement
Posted 11th July 2016 | Comments 0
The Spring 2016 issue of our In Touch newsletter is now available online. This issue contains an message from our new Director, Graham Nicholls, news of church revitalisation in the Welsh valleys, the ongoing ministry of Edinburgh Theological Seminary (formerly the Free Church College) and the work in Belfast of Stranmillis Evangelical Presbyterian Church. There is also information about our next Theological Study Conference and about how to purchase the newly-published book of papers from our previous conference.
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The Bulletin is published three times a year by the Social Issues Team to keep evangelical churches and individual Christians informed of the implications of legislation and public policy on social issues in the UK.
Responding to the Marriage Downgrade
Our World Focus Team has produced a range of very helpful papers containing information and advice for churches and Christians seeking to be better informed and equipped for world mission. Click on the link below for access to the World Mission resources Papers.
OSCAR, the UK Information Service for World Mission, is an Affinity Associate. Their website provides valuable resources about many aspects of world mission for both Christians and churches. Click on the link below to go to the OSCAR website.
A number of Mission Agencies are Affinity Associates. For more information click on the link
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The smoke form the wildfires near the Oregon/California border is drifting north because of slightly cooler and more stable conditions in the region, the National Weather Service said. | Interactive Map of Wildfires
Weather service officials expect the smoke to die down overnight, but say it could return on Monday.
The Lane Regional Air Protection Agency reports that the air quality in Eugene/Springfield is still in a safe range.
The weather pattern also brings on gusts and erratic winds as high as 50 miles-per-hour to Southern Oregon, which could fuel existing fires.
The weather service issued a red flag warning for Monday into Tuesday as more lightning storms are slated for the southern part of the state. Officials said significant lightning could also slow firefighting efforts across the region.