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Most Cited Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology Articles
The most cited articles published since 2011, extracted from Scopus.
Climate change cascades: Shifts in oceanography, species' ranges and subtidal marine community dynamics in eastern TasmaniaCraig R. Johnson | Sam C. Banks | Neville S. Barrett | Fabienne Cazassus | Piers K. Dunstan | Graham J. Edgar | Stewart D. Frusher | Caleb Gardner | Malcolm Haddon | Fay Helidoniotis | Katy L. Hill | Neil J. Holbrook | Graham W. Hosie | Peter R. Last | Scott D. Ling | Jessica Melbourne-Thomas | Karen Miller | Gretta T. Pecl | Anthony J. Richardson | Ken R. Ridgway | Stephen R. Rintoul | David A. Ritz | D. Jeff Ross | J. Craig Sanderson | Scoresby A. Shepherd | Anita Slotwinski | Kerrie M. Swadling | Nyan Taw
Volume 400, Issues 1-2, April 2011, Pages 17-32
Several lines of evidence show that ocean warming off the east coast of Tasmania is the result of intensification of the East Australian Current (EAC). Increases in the strength, duration and frequency of southward incursions of warm, nutrient poor EAC water transports heat and biota to eastern Tasmania. This shift in large-scale oceanography is reflected by changes in the structure of nearshore zooplankton communities and other elements of the pelagic system; by a regional decline in the extent of dense beds of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera); by marked changes in the distribution of nearshore fishes; and by range expansions of other northern warmer-water species to colonize Tasmanian coastal waters. Population-level changes in commercially important invertebrate species may also be associated with the warming trend.Over-grazing of seaweed beds by one recently established species, the sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii, is causing a fundamental shift in the structure and dynamics of Tasmanian rocky reef systems by the formation of sea urchin 'barrens' habitat. Formation of barrens represents an interaction between effects of climate change and a reduction in large predatory rock lobsters due to fishing. Barrens realize a loss of biodiversity and production from rocky reefs, and threaten valuable abalone and rock lobster fisheries and the local economies and social communities they support. This range-extending sea urchin species represents the single largest biologically mediated threat to the integrity of important shallow water rocky reef communities in eastern Tasmania.In synthesizing change in the physical ocean climate in eastern Tasmania and parallel shifts in species' distributions and ecological processes, there is evidence that the direct effects of changing physical conditions have precipitated cascading effects of ecological change in benthic (rocky reef) and pelagic systems. However, some patterns correlated with temperature have plausible alternative explanations unrelated to thermal gradients in time or space. We identify important knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to adequately understand, anticipate and adapt to future climate-driven changes in marine systems in the region. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Impacts of climate change in a global hotspot for temperate marine biodiversity and ocean warmingThomas Wernberg | Bayden D. Russell | Pippa J. Moore | Scott D. Ling | Daniel A. Smale | Alex Campbell | Melinda A. Coleman | Peter D. Steinberg | Gary A. Kendrick | Sean D. Connell
Volume 400, Issues 1-2, April 2011, Pages 7-16
Temperate Australia is a global hotspot for marine biodiversity and its waters have experienced well-above global average rates of ocean warming. We review the observed impacts of climate change (e.g. warming, ocean acidification, changes in storm patterns) on subtidal temperate coasts in Australia and assess how these systems are likely to respond to further change. Observed impacts are region specific with the greatest number of species responses attributable to climate change reported in south-eastern Australia, where recent ocean warming has been most pronounced. Here, a decline of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) and poleward range extension of a key herbivore (sea urchin) and other trophically important reef organisms has occurred. Although, evidence of changes on other coastlines around Australia is limited, we suggest that this is due to a lack of data rather than lack of change. Because of the east-west orientation of the south coast, most of Australia's temperate waters are found within a narrow latitudinal band, where any southward movement of isotherms is likely to affect species across very large areas. Future increases in temperature are likely to result in further range shifts of macroalgae and associated species, with range contractions and local extinctions to be expected for species that have their northern limits along the southern coastline. While there is currently no evidence of changes attributable to non-temperature related climate impacts, potentially due to a lack of long-term observational data, experimental evidence suggests that ocean acidification will result in negative effects on calcifying algae and animals. More importantly, recent experiments suggest the combined effects of climate change and non-climate stressors (overharvesting, reduced water quality) will lower the resilience of temperate marine communities to perturbations (e.g. storms, diseases, and introduced species), many of which are also predicted to increase in frequency and/or severity. Thus climate change is likely to, both by itself and in synergy with other stressors, impose change to southern Australian coastal species, including important habitat-forming algae and the associated ecological functioning of temperate coasts. Management of local and regional-scale stresses may increase the resistance of temperate marine communities to climate stressors and as such, provides an attractive tool for building resilience in temperate systems. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Impacts of climate change on European marine ecosystems: Observations, expectations and indicatorsC. J M Philippart | R. Anadón | R. Danovaro | J. W. Dippner | K. F. Drinkwater | S. J. Hawkins | T. Oguz | G. O'Sullivan | P. C. Reid
Volume 400, Issues 1-2, April 2011, Pages 52-69
The Northern Hemisphere has been warmer since 1980 than at any other time during the last 2000. years. The observed increase in temperature has been generally higher in northern than in southern European seas, and higher in enclosed than in open seas. Although European marine ecosystems are influenced by many other factors, such as nutrient enrichment and overfishing, every region has shown at least some changes that were most likely attributable to recent climate change. It is expected that within open systems there will generally be (further) northward movement of species, leading to a switch from polar to more temperate species in the northern seas such as the Arctic, Barents Sea and the Nordic Seas, and subtropical species moving northward to temperate regions such as the Iberian upwelling margin. For seas that are highly influenced by river runoff, such as the Baltic Sea, an increase in freshwater due to enhanced rainfall will lead to a shift from marine to more brackish and even freshwater species. If semi-enclosed systems such as the Mediterranean and the Black Sea lose their endemic species, the associated niches will probably be filled by species originating from adjacent waters and, possibly, with species transported from one region to another via ballast water and the Suez Canal. A better understanding of potential climate change impacts (scenarios) at both regional and local levels, the development of improved methods to quantify the uncertainty of climate change projections, the construction of usable climate change indicators, and an improvement of the interface between science and policy formulation in terms of risk assessment will be essential to formulate and inform better adaptive strategies to address the inevitable consequences of climate change. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communitiesLucia Porzio | Maria Cristina Buia | Jason M. Hall-Spencer
Volume 400, Issues 1-2, April 2011, Pages 278-287
There are high levels of uncertainty about how coastal ecosystems will be affected by rapid ocean acidification caused by anthropogenic CO2, due to a lack of data. The few experiments to date have been short-term (<1year) and reveal mixed responses depending on the species examined and the culture conditions used. It is difficult to carry out long-term manipulations of CO2 levels, therefore areas with naturally high CO2 levels are being used to help understand which species, habitats and processes are resilient to the effects of ocean acidification, and which are adversely affected. Here we describe the effects of increasing CO2 levels on macroalgal communities along a pH gradient caused by volcanic vents.Macroalgal habitat differed at taxonomic and morphological group levels along a pH gradient. The vast majority of the 101 macroalgal species studied were able to grow with only a 5% decrease in species richness as the mean pH fell from 8.1 to 7.8. However, this small fall in species richness was associated with shifts in community structure as the cover of turf algae decreased disproportionately. Calcitic species were significantly reduced in cover and species richness whereas a few non-calcified species became dominant. At mean pH 6.7, where carbonate saturation levels were <1, calcareous species were absent and there was a 72% fall in species richness. Under these extremely high CO2 conditions a few species dominated the simplified macroalgal assemblage and a very few exhibited enhanced reproduction, although high CO2 levels seemed to inhibit reproduction in others.Our data show that many macroalgal species are tolerant of long-term elevations in CO2 levels but that macroalgal habitats are altered significantly as pH drops, contributing to a scant but growing body of evidence concerning the long-term effects of CO2 emissions in vegetated marine systems. Further study is now needed to investigate whether the observed response of macroalgal communities can be replicated in different seasons and from a range of geographical regions for incorporation into global modelling studies to predict effects of CO2 emissions on Earth's ecosystems. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Community ecology in a warming world: The influence of temperature on interspecific interactions in marine systemsRebecca L. Kordas | Christopher D G Harley | Mary I. O'Connor
Volume 400, Issues 1-2, April 2011, Pages 218-226
Ecological patterns are determined by the interplay between abiotic factors and interactions among species. As the Earth's climate warms, interactions such as competition, predation, and mutualism are changing due to shifts in per capita interaction strength and the relative abundance of interacting species. Changes in interspecific relationships, in turn, can drive important local-scale changes in community dynamics, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning, and can potentially alter large-scale patterns of distribution and abundance. In many cases, the importance of indirect effects of warming, mediated by changing species interactions, will be greater-albeit less well understood-than direct effects in determining the community- and ecosystem-level outcomes of global climate change. Despite considerable community-specific idiosyncrasy, ecological theory and a growing body of data suggest that certain general trends are emerging at local scales: positive interactions tend to become more prevalent with warming, and top trophic levels are disproportionately vulnerable. In addition, important ecological changes result when the geographic overlap between species changes, and when the seasonal timing of life history events of interacting species falls into or out of synchrony. We assess the degree to which such changes are predictable, and urge advancement on several high priority questions surrounding the relationships between temperature and community ecology. An improved understanding of how assemblages of multiple, interacting species will respond to climate change is imperative if we hope to effectively prepare for and adapt to its effects. © 2011.
Coral biomineralization: From the gene to the environmentSylvie Tambutté | Michael Holcomb | Christine Ferrier-Pagès | Stéphanie Reynaud | Éric Tambutté | Didier Zoccola | Denis Allemand
Volume 408, Issues 1-2, November 2011, Pages 58-78
In this review we discuss the present knowledge on the biological and environmental control of biomineralization (calcification) in hermatypic corals. We describe first the anatomy of the coral, discussing the soft tissues followed by the hard tissues at both the macro- and micro-scales. We then discuss the tissue-skeletal interface, the extracellular calcifying medium and the processes responsible for skeletal formation. Concerning the biological control of coral calcification, we discuss different models from the literature with respect to the major biomineralization steps and the current state of knowledge on the organic matrix and ion supply for calcification. Finally we discuss the effect of environmental factors such as nutrients, light, temperature and pCO 2 on coral calcification as well as the role of coral calcification in the global carbon cycle. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Skeletal mineralogy in a high-CO2 worldJustin B. Ries
Volume 403, Issues 1-2, July 2011, Pages 54-64
Increasing atmospheric pCO2 reduces the saturation state of seawater with respect to the aragonite, high-Mg calcite (Mg/Ca>0.04), and low-Mg calcite (Mg/Ca<0.04) minerals from which marine calcifiers build their shells and skeletons. Notably, these polymorphs of CaCO3 have different solubilities in seawater: aragonite is more soluble than pure calcite, and the solubility of calcite increases with its Mg-content. Although much recent progress has been made investigating the effects of CO2-induced ocean acidification on rates of biological calcification, considerable uncertainties remain regarding impacts on shell/skeletal polymorph mineralogy. To investigate this subject, eighteen species of marine calcifiers were reared for 60-days in seawater bubbled with air-CO2 mixtures of 409±6, 606±7, 903±12, and 2856±54ppm pCO2, yielding aragonite saturation states (?A) of 2.5±0.4, 2.0±0.4, 1.5±0.3, and 0.7±0.2. Calcite/aragonite ratios within bimineralic calcifiers increased with increasing pCO2, but were invariant within monomineralic calcifiers. Calcite Mg/Ca ratios (Mg/CaC) also varied with atmospheric pCO2 for two of the five high-Mg-calcite-producing organisms, but not for the low-Mg-calcite-producing organisms. These results suggest that shell/skeletal mineralogy within some-but not all-marine calcifiers will change as atmospheric pCO2 continues rising as a result of fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. Paleoceanographic reconstructions of seawater Mg/Ca, temperature, and salinity from the Mg/CaC of well-preserved calcitic marine fossils may also be improved by accounting for the effects of paleo-atmospheric pCO2 on skeletal Mg-fractionation. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Evaluation of ecological engineering of "armoured" shorelines to improve their value as habitatM. G. Chapman | A. J. Underwood
Volume 400, Issues 1-2, April 2011, Pages 302-313
People have caused major impacts on nearshore and intertidal habitats by building infrastructure associated with shipping, recreation, residential and commercial developments. Together with the desire or need to control erosion, these have led to increased "armouring" of intertidal shorelines, with seawalls, revetments, onshore and offshore groynes and other defence systems, piers and docks replacing natural habitats. Despite the long history of such changes, until relatively recently there had been limited research on the impacts of such alterations to shorelines, especially when compared to research into effects of urbanisation on terrestrial habitats. In addition, most research to date has focussed on the impacts of such changes on the ecological structure of assemblages, i.e. the numbers and types of organisms affected, rather than on ecological processes. With the realisation that most coastal infrastructure cannot be removed, there is now an increasing research effort into ways that infrastructure can be built to meet engineering requirements, but to also increase its value as habitat - ecological engineering. In this review, we discuss the major impacts and the experimental research that has been and is being done to build coastal infrastructure in a more biodiversity-friendly manner. Much of the review has focussed on seawalls, which is where most of the experimental work has been done to date. Finally, we raise some concerns about the types of research effort that are still needed and caution against wholesale implementation of what seem like simple remedies, without evidence that they will have the desired effect in the long term. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Response of intertidal populations to climate: Effects of extreme events versus long term changeDavid S. Wethey | Sarah A. Woodin | Thomas J. Hilbish | Sierra J. Jones | Fernando P. Lima | Pamela M. Brannock
Volume 400, Issues 1-2, April 2011, Pages 132-144
Biogeographic change in response to climate is a ratchet-like process, with gradual long term change punctuated by advances and retreats caused by extreme events. The winter of 1962-63 was the coldest winter since 1740, and caused lasting widespread changes in intertidal populations in Europe. Against the background of several decades of gradual warming, the severely cold winter of 2009-10 provided an opportunity to test mechanistic hypotheses regarding the control of biogeographic limits, including recruitment failure and adult mortality. As a result of enhanced recruitment in cold conditions, the northern barnacle Semibalanus balanoides expanded its range in both France and Iberia at an average rate of 25kmyear-1. The northern polychaete Arenicola marina had high recruitment in northern France, which filled in a gap in its range in the central English Channel. The southern barnacles Chthamalus montagui and Chthamalus stellatus, which are sensitive to cold winters, suffered recruitment failure but no adult mortality at their northern limit in continental Europe. The southern limpet, Patella rustica and the southern polychaete Diopatra which are sensitive to cold summers, had virtually no change in distribution, as a result of the prior warm summer. The southern mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis suffered little adult mortality at its northern limit in continental Europe. Metapopulation models of future distribution, based on these mechanisms, and validated by hindcasts of historical biogeography, indicate that a regime shift will occur in northern Europe as southern species like Diopatra are able to invade the English Channel and from there enter the North Sea. These models and the historical biogeographic record confirm the view that biogeographic change is punctuated by population responses to extreme events. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Spreading the risk: Small-scale body temperature variation among intertidal organisms and its implications for species persistenceMark W. Denny | W. Wesley Dowd | Lisa Bilir | Katharine J. Mach
Volume 400, Issues 1-2, April 2011, Pages 175-190
The intertidal zone of wave-swept rocky shores is a potentially useful system in which to monitor, experimentally manipulate, and possibly forecast the ecological consequences of impending changes in environmental temperature. However, the spatial and temporal complexity of the shoreline's thermal environment challenges ecologists' ability to progress from site-specific measurements to general predictions. In this study, we conducted intensive field experiments to quantify inter-individual variation in body temperature among organisms and surrogate organisms at a typical intertidal site, and we used these measurements to characterize micro-scale variation in potential thermal stress. Within the 336-m extent of our site, local variation was substantial in several metrics of extreme and cumulative thermal exposure. The within-site variation in extreme temperatures rivaled (and in some cases greatly exceeded) variation among sites along 14° of latitude (1660. km of Pacific shoreline). Application of our within-site data to a simple theory of risk suggests that small-scale spatial variation in temperature can reduce the chance of local extirpation that otherwise would accompany an increase in average habitat temperature or an increase in the frequency of extreme thermal events. The magnitude of this "buffering" effect also depends heavily on inter-individual variation in thermal tolerance, a factor that has received relatively little attention from physiologists. We hope that by highlighting the important role of within-site variability (both of temperature and tolerance) in the persistence of intertidal populations, this study will foster further research into the biophysical, physiological, behavioral, and genetic interactions underlying ecological dynamics on wave-washed shores. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
The ocean acidification seascape and its relationship to the performance of calcifying marine invertebrates: Laboratory experiments on the development of urchin larvae framed by environmentally-relevant pCO 2/pHPauline C. Yu | Paul G. Matson | Todd R. Martz | Gretchen E. Hofmann
Volume 400, Issues 1-2, April 2011, Pages 288-295
Variation in ocean pH is a dynamic process occurring naturally in the upwelling zone of the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem. The nearshore carbonate chemistry is under-characterized and the physiology of local organisms may be under constant challenge from cyclical changes in pH and carbonate ion concentration of unexpectedly high magnitude. We looked to environmental pH conditions of coastal upwelling and used those values to examine effects of low pH on 4-arm larvae of purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. We deployed a pH sensor at a nearshore shallow benthic site for 3weeks during summer 2010 to assess the changes in pH in the Santa Barbara Channel, a region considered to have relatively less intense upwelling along the US Pacific Coast. Large fluctuations in pH of up to 0.67 pH units were observed over short time scales of several days. Daily pH fluctuations on a tidal pattern followed temperature fluctuations over short time scales, but not over scales greater than a day. The lowest pH values recorded (~7.70) are lower than some of those pH values predicted to occur in surface oceans at the end of the century. In the context of this dynamic pH exposure, larvae were raised at elevated pCO 2 levels of 1000ppm and 1450ppm CO 2 (pH 7.7 and 7.5 respectively) and measured for total larval length (from the spicule tip of the postoral arm to the spicule tip of the aboral point) along the spicules, to assess effects of low pH upwelling water on morphology. Larvae in all treatments maintained normal development and developmental schedule to day 6, and did not exhibit significant differences in larval asymmetry between treatments. At day 3 and day 6, larvae in the 1450ppm CO 2 treatment were significantly smaller (p<0.001) than the control larvae by only 7-13%. The observation of smaller larvae raised under high pCO 2 has an as yet undetermined physiological mechanism, but has implications for locomotion and feeding. These effects of small magnitude in these urchin larvae are indicative of a potential resilience to near-future levels of ocean acidification. Using environmental monitoring of pH to inform experimental parameters provides a means to improve our understanding of acclimatization of organisms in a dynamic ecosystem. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Geographic variation in temperature tolerance as an indicator of potential population responses to climate changeCascade J B Sorte | Sierra J. Jones | Luke P. Miller
Volume 400, Issues 1-2, April 2011, Pages 209-217
The temperature tolerances of individuals in geographically separated populations of a single species can be used as indicators of each population's potential to persist or become extinct in response to climate change. We evaluated the population-level variation in temperature tolerance in populations of several marine invertebrate taxa, including bryozoans, tunicates, bivalves, and gastropods, separated by distances of < 200. km to > 5000. km. We then combined physiological thermotolerance data with current temperature data and climate change predictions to predict which of these populations may be most vulnerable to future changes. In a trans-continental comparison of four subtidal epibenthic species, we show that populations on the east coast of the United States, which experienced higher habitat temperatures than those on the west coast, had higher thermal tolerances but lived closer to individuals' tolerance limits. Similarly, temperature tolerances varied between western and eastern Atlantic populations of the mussel Mytilus edulis; however, these differences only emerged after repeated exposures to high temperatures. Furthermore, the less thermotolerant M. edulis population in the western Atlantic was more susceptible to temperature increases, as evidenced by a recent range contraction. Thus, for both the subtidal epibenthic and intertidal mussel species, we identified the western Atlantic as a 'hot spot' of populations susceptible to climate change compared to those in the eastern Pacific and eastern Atlantic, respectively. Finally, because current tolerances are not the sole indicators of individuals' abilities to cope with temperature increases, we also assessed the possibility for acclimatization to facilitate the persistence of populations via the buffering of temperature effects. We show that, for four populations of intertidal Littorina snail species in the northwest Atlantic, most populations were able to overcome geographic differences in temperature tolerance via acclimation. When acclimation capacity is low, the potential for "rescue" may depend on the particular species' life-history strategy and dispersal ability. For example, although individuals from the coldest-adapted population of Littorina littorea were unable to acclimate as quickly as those from more southern populations, this species has a pelagic larval stage and, thus, the greatest dispersal potential of these littorines. Together, these studies highlight the importance of considering variation in temperature tolerance between populations within species to improve the forecasting of changes in the abundances and distributions of species in response to climate warming. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
A review of shark satellite tagging studiesN. Hammerschlag | A. J. Gallagher | D. M. Lazarre
Volume 398, Issues 1-2, February 2011, Pages 1-8
Recent advances in satellite tagging technologies have provided scientists growing opportunities to resolve previously unknown spatial ecology of marine predators, including sharks. Such an understanding is particularly important at this time given recent declines in shark populations worldwide. Here we reviewed 48 studies published in the primary literature between 1984 and 2010, addressing the most basic questions regarding the use of satellite tagging for studying shark behavior and ecology. For each study, the following aspects were analyzed: tagging location; species tagged; study focus; technology employed; sample size; tag attachment and deployment technique; duration of tracking; tag failure rate; and study limitation. The potential impacts of tagging on shark behavior and physiology are considered. Finally, we discuss how satellite tagging has furthered our current knowledge of shark behavior and consider the possibility of new tag developments that can improve our ability to resolve the mechanisms underlying shark habitat use. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Elevated seawater CO2 concentrations impair larval development and reduce larval survival in endangered northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana)Ryan N. Crim | Jennifer M. Sunday | Christopher D G Harley
Volume 400, Issues 1-2, April 2011, Pages 272-277
Increasing levels of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the world's oceans are resulting in a decrease in the availability of carbonate ions and a drop in seawater pH. This process, known as ocean acidification, is a potential threat to marine populations via alterations in survival and development. To date, however, little research has examined the effects of ocean acidification on rare or endangered species. To begin to assess the impacts of acidification on endangered northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) populations, we exposed H. kamtschatkana larvae to various levels of CO2 [400ppm (ambient), 800ppm, and 1800ppm CO2] and measured survival, settlement, shell size, and shell development. Larval survival decreased by ca. 40% in elevated CO2 treatments relative to the 400ppm control. However, CO2 had no effect on the proportion of surviving larvae that metamorphosed at the end of the experiment. Larval shell abnormalities became apparent in approximately 40% of larvae reared at 800ppm CO2, and almost all larvae reared at 1800ppm CO2 either developed an abnormal shell or lacked a shell completely. Of the larvae that did not show shell abnormalities, shell size was reduced by 5% at 800ppm compared to the control. Overall, larval development of H. kamtschatkana was found to be sensitive to ocean acidification. Near future levels of CO2 will likely pose a significant additional threat to this species, which is already endangered with extinction due in part to limited reproductive output and larval recruitment. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
A corrosive concoction: The combined effects of ocean warming and acidification on the early growth of a stony coral are multiplicativeHolger Anlauf | Luis D'Croz | Aaron O'Dea
Volume 397, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 13-20
Survival of coral planulae, and the successful settlement and healthy growth of primary polyps are critical for the dispersal of scleractinian corals and hence the recovery of degraded coral reefs. It is therefore important to explore how the warmer and more acidic oceanic conditions predicted for the future could affect these processes. This study used controlled culture to investigate the effects of a 1. °C increase in temperature and a 0.2-0.25 unit decrease in pH on the settlement and survival of planulae and the growth of primary polyps in the Tropical Eastern Pacific coral Porites panamensis. We found that primary polyp growth was reduced only marginally by more acidic seawater but the combined effect of high temperature and lowered pH caused a significant reduction in growth of primary polyps by almost a third. Elevated temperature was found to significantly reduce the amount of zooxanthellae in primary polyps, and when combined with lowered pH resulted in a significant reduction in biomass of primary polyps. However, survival and settlement of planula larvae were unaffected by increased temperature, lowered acidity or the combination of both. These results indicate that in future scenarios of increased temperature and oceanic acidity coral planulae will be able to disperse and settle successfully but primary polyp growth may be hampered. The recovery of reefs may therefore be impeded by global change even if local stressors are curbed and sufficient sources of planulae are available. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Calcification, growth and mortality of juvenile clams Ruditapes decussatus under increased pCO2 and reduced pH: Variable responses to ocean acidification at local scales?P. Range | M. A. Chícharo | R. Ben-Hamadou | D. Piló | D. Matias | S. Joaquim | A. P. Oliveira | L. Chícharo
Volume 396, Issue 2, January 2011, Pages 177-184
We investigated the effects of ocean acidification on juvenile clams Ruditapes decussatus (average shell length 10.24mm) in a controlled CO2 perturbation experiment. The carbonate chemistry of seawater was manipulated by diffusing pure CO2, to attain two reduced pH levels (by -0.4 and -0.7 pH units), which were compared to unmanipulated seawater. After 75days we found no differences among pH treatments in terms of net calcification, size or weight of the clams. The naturally elevated total alkalinity of local seawater probably contributed to buffer the effects of increased pCO2 and reduced pH. Marine organisms may, therefore, show diverse responses to ocean acidification at local scales, particularly in coastal, estuarine and transitional waters, where the physical-chemical characteristics of seawater are most variable. Mortality was significantly reduced in the acidified treatments. This trend was probably related to the occurrence of spontaneous spawning events in the control and intermediate acidification treatments. Spawning, which was unexpected due to the small size of the clams, was not observed for the pH -0.7 treatment, suggesting that the increased survival under acidified conditions may have been associated with a delay in the reproductive cycle of the clams. Future research about the impacts of ocean acidification on marine biodiversity should be extended to other types of biological and ecological processes, apart from biological calcification. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Effects of water temperature and barium concentration on otolith composition along a salinity gradient: Implications for migratory reconstructionsJ. A. Miller
Volume 405, Issues 1-2, August 2011, Pages 42-52
Analysis of naturally occurring variation in otolith elemental composition has become a common approach for retrospectively determining migratory history in diadromous fishes. Environmental factors, such as temperature, salinity, and ambient water concentration, can independently, or in an interactive manner, affect elemental incorporation rates. Furthermore, the relative importance of kinetic and metabolic (or "vital") effects on elemental incorporation remains unclear. In this study, a repeated measures design was used to: (1) quantify the effects of water temperature (9°C, 12°C, 15°C) and freshwater Ba:Ca levels (low, intermediate, and high) on elemental partitioning and otolith composition (Mg:Ca, Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca) in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) along a salinity gradient (0, 5, 10, 14); and (2) estimate the lag time between physical exposure to chemically distinct water masses and changes in otolith composition. Additionally, relationships between elemental incorporation and somatic and otolith growth rates were evaluated across and within temperature treatments to identify potential rate effects. Otolith incorporation of Sr and Ba was positively related to water concentration whereas Mg incorporation was not. For Sr and Mg, there were significant interactions between temperature and salinity (p⇐0.01). For Ba, there were complex interactions among temperature, water Ba:Ca values, and salinity (p⇐0.01). In certain instances, interactive effects of temperature and salinity were large enough to confound interpretation of field data. Furthermore, there was evidence for negative effects of somatic growth rate on the incorporation of Ba that were consistent across temperatures (r=⇐0.32 to ⇐0.72). Observations were consistently contrary to expectations based on models of elemental incorporation for abiotic aragonite, highlighting the importance of vital effects and indicating that species-specific models of incorporation may be necessary. Changes in otolith composition were detected within 2-3. d of a change in water composition but otolith composition did not stabilize for 12-14. d, indicating that habitat transitions should be discernable in a short period of time but the otolith may not reflect ambient water levels for up to 2. weeks. These observations underscore the need to evaluate the effects of abiotic and biotic factors on otolith elemental incorporation in settings that mimic natural conditions to accurately interpret field data. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Invasive and native blue mussels (genus Mytilus) on the California coast: The role of physiology in a biological invasionBrent L. Lockwood | George N. Somero
Volume 400, Issues 1-2, April 2011, Pages 167-174
The Mediterranean blue mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, is an invasive species that has displaced a congener, Mytilus trossulus, from its native range in central and southern California, USA. The dynamic relationship between interspecies competition and species-specific tolerances to abiotic factors, such as temperature and salinity, appears to have facilitated the success but has also imposed limits on the spread of this biological invasion. Here, we review the literature and present new data that document physiological differences between M. galloprovincialis and M. trossulus. In all comparisons, M. galloprovincialis is more warm-adapted than M. trossulus. Higher activities of enzymes involved in ATP generation show that the native M. trossulus is better adapted to colder conditions than M. galloprovincialis. Higher metabolic capacity (temperature compensation) in the native species may, however, lead to higher metabolic costs at sites where the two species co-occur. In addition, M. trossulus has a lower thermal tolerance of cardiac function and substrate binding by enzymes than M. galloprovincialis. The higher thermal tolerance of the invasive species is likely due in part to its enhanced ability to induce changes in the expression of particular genes and proteins in response to acute heat stress. Taken together, these data predict that M. galloprovincialis will continue to be the dominant blue mussel species along the warmer range of the California Current. Because the northern biogeographic limit of M. galloprovincialis is not stable, but rather shifts to lower or higher latitudes in concert with oceanographic variability, it is important to further characterize the physiological constraints of M. galloprovincialis, related to its sensitivity to cold temperatures and low salinities. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Emiliania huxleyi shows identical responses to elevated pCO2 in TA and DIC manipulationsC. J M Hoppe | G. Langer | B. Rost
Volume 406, Issues 1-2, September 2011, Pages 54-62
With respect to their sensitivity to ocean acidification, calcifiers such as the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi have received special attention, as the process of calcification seems to be particularly sensitive to changes in the marine carbonate system. For E. huxleyi, apparently conflicting results regarding its sensitivity to ocean acidification have been published (Iglesias-Rodriguez et al., 2008a; Riebesell et al., 2000). As possible causes for discrepancies, intra-specific variability and different effects of CO2 manipulation methods, i.e. the manipulation of total alkalinity (TA) or total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), have been discussed. While Langer et al. (2009) demonstrate a high degree of intra-specific variability between strains of E. huxleyi, the question whether different CO2 manipulation methods influence the cellular responses has not been resolved yet. In this study, closed TA as well as open and closed DIC manipulation methods were compared with respect to E. huxleyi's CO2-dependence in growth rate, POC- and PIC-production. The differences in the carbonate chemistry between TA and DIC manipulations were shown not to cause any differences in response patterns, while the latter differed between open and closed DIC manipulation. The two strains investigated showed different sensitivities to acidification of seawater, RCC1256 being more negatively affected in growth rates and PIC production than NZEH. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Ocean acidification induces multi-generational decline in copepod naupliar production with possible conflict for reproductive resource allocationSusan C. Fitzer | Gary S. Caldwell | Andrew J. Close | Anthony S. Clare | Robert C. Upstill-Goddard | Matthew G. Bentley
Volume 418-419, Issue , May 2012, Pages 30-36
Climate change, including ocean acidification (OA), presents fundamental challenges to marine biodiversity and sustained ecosystem health. We determined reproductive response (measured as naupliar production), cuticle composition and stage specific growth of the copepod Tisbe battagliai over three generations at four pH conditions (pH 7.67, 7.82, 7.95, and 8.06). Naupliar production increased significantly at pH 7.95 compared with pH 8.06 followed by a decline at pH 7.82. Naupliar production at pH 7.67 was higher than pH 7.82. We attribute the increase at pH 7.95 to an initial stress response which was succeeded by a hormesis-like response at pH 7.67. A multi-generational modelling approach predicted a gradual decline in naupliar production over the next 100. years (equivalent to approximately 2430 generations). There was a significant growth reduction (mean length integrated across developmental stage) relative to controls. There was a significant increase in the proportion of carbon relative to oxygen within the cuticle as seawater pH decreased. Changes in growth, cuticle composition and naupliar production strongly suggest that copepods subjected to OA-induced stress preferentially reallocate resources towards maintaining reproductive output at the expense of somatic growth and cuticle composition. These responses may drive shifts in life history strategies that favour smaller brood sizes, females and perhaps later maturing females, with the potential to profoundly destabilise marine trophodynamics. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Connectivity and stability of mesophotic coral reefsM. Slattery | M. P. Lesser | D. Brazeau | M. D. Stokes | J. J. Leichter
Volume 408, Issues 1-2, November 2011, Pages 32-41
Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs), occurring at depths of 30 to over 150. m, represents the deep continuum of adjacent shallow coral reefs about which little is known. These reefs are most developed, and most frequently studied, in areas where light penetration is high and photosymbiotic reef-builders (corals) can persist as common members of the benthic community. The upper mesophotic zone typically extends to 60. m and comprises communities that are generally similar to those found in shallow reef systems. Below 60. m, the lower mesophotic zone is dominated by sponges and algae that are uncommon or absent from shallower areas, and a fish fauna that is largely specialized to these intermediate depths. It is likely that these ecosystems are much more widespread and important than was previously recognized. MCEs have the potential to function as refugia for shallow reefs because many disturbances in the upper 30. m may leave MCEs largely intact. Ontogenetic movement and spawning migrations by reef fishes provide an important ecological component to connectivity between shallow and mesophotic reefs and may represent the effective range of larval dispersal. However, there is currently limited information on genetic connectivity between deep and shallow coral reef populations, and this is a critical gap in understanding the role of MCEs in coral reef resilience. Here we review the connectivity and trophic relationships between the shallow and mesophotic coral reefs, the potential role of MCEs as refugia, and the effects of a new biological invader that exposes critical gaps in our understanding of the stability of these ecosystems. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Site fidelity and movement patterns of invasive lionfish, Pterois spp., in a Florida estuaryZachary R. Jud | Craig A. Layman
Volume 414-415, Issue , March 2012, Pages 69-74
Understanding how individuals within a population of invasive organisms disperse during various life history stages has obvious implications for long term population dynamics in the invaded range. With the rapid expansion of the invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans and Pterois miles) in the western Atlantic and Caribbean, it has become increasingly important to understand how individuals move following initial recruitment, as this may have critical implications for population control and management. We conducted a 10-month mark-recapture study in the lower Loxahatchee River estuary (Florida, USA) to identify movement patterns and site fidelity in juvenile and young adult lionfish. We tagged 55 lionfish, ranging in size from 45 to 185. mm standard length (66-256. mm total length). Eighty percent of the tagged fish were recaptured at least one time during the course of the study. Lionfish in this system exhibited extremely high site fidelity over extended periods of time and across multiple size classes. Maximum range occupied by individuals along the shoreline of the estuary was small (mean=28m, asymmetrical 95% CI: 10 to 51. m), and did not vary with lionfish size. The majority of lionfish recaptures (74%) occurred at or near (0-10. m) the previous capture site, even after weeks or months at liberty. In systems where lionfish exhibit extremely high site fidelity and small maximum ranges, localized population control may be feasible, since lionfish removed from a given habitat would be replaced largely through larval recruitment rather than migration of older individuals. However, since lionfish grow extremely rapidly (averaging 0.46. mm/day, but reaching as high as 0.78. mm/day in one individual), localized control efforts would need to be carried out frequently in order to maintain a younger, smaller population. Localized control may be less effective if lionfish exhibit greater movement and lower site fidelity in other invaded systems. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Biogeographic patterns and long-term changes on New Zealand coastal reefs: Non-trophic cascades from diffuse and local impactsDavid R. Schiel
Volume 400, Issues 1-2, April 2011, Pages 33-51
Long-term data were set within the biogeographic context of the New Zealand coastline. Abundance data from 73 sites over sixteen degrees of latitude were used to categorize intertidal community structure, diversity, and biogeographic differences in dominant species around the coast of New Zealand. These showed that communities mapped to four general regions, which relate to coastal morphology and the characteristics of the dominant water masses around the country. There were distinct biogeographic breakpoints at Cook Strait, which separates the North and South Islands and, to a lesser degree at East Cape, where a warm-water flow deflects seaward. The low and mid-tidal zones along almost all of the east coast were dominated by fucoid algae, with a distinct shift in dominant species around the lower North Island, whereas almost the entire west coast was dominated by invertebrates, particularly mussels and barnacles. Seventeen years of quantitative sampling data, done quarterly or half-yearly in three regions of the east coast of the South Island, were compared with physical data, including the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), sea surface temperature (SST), and wave climate. Overall SSTs have remained relatively constant over the period, but there were large anomalies during ENSO periods. Significant wave height (Hs) has increased at all sites over this period. The dominant cover of fucoid algae varied considerably at two shore heights over the years, but large declines in cover occurred during periods when the SOI index was high (either positively or negatively), particularly during El Niño periods. Understory assemblage structure, diversity and bare space responded to large declines in the fucoid canopy, whereas herbivores did not. Two sets of experiments, done over separate periods of three years, corroborated that disturbance to the dominant canopy resulted in cascading responses in the mid-shore community: perennial understory species declined, bare space increased, coralline algae increased, and ephemeral algae were more abundant. These effects lasted for two years and up to at least six years. Overall, this study shows that changes to the wave climate, most likely in concert with the wider-ranging effects of ENSO, rather than SST, underpin long-term fluctuations to these coastal communities. This study highlights the importance of understanding a more complete suite of drivers and responses of climate change in marine systems. A complex interplay of physical variables, operating on both wide and local scales, can trigger cascading effects, and their interaction with biological, demographic and ecological variables determines recovery dynamics. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Habitat use, movements and site fidelity of the gray smooth-hound shark (Mustelus californicus Gill 1863) in a newly restored southern California estuaryMario Espinoza | Thomas J. Farrugia | Christopher G. Lowe
Volume 401, Issues 1-2, May 2011, Pages 63-74
It is thought that some elasmobranchs use shallow temperate estuaries during warmer months because these habitats may provide thermal physiological advantages. However, extensive loss and degradation of southern California bays and estuaries has reduced coastal species access to estuarine habitats. While restoration of southern California estuaries has increased over the last two decades, little is known about the recovery of ecological function. Top predators are thought to be important indicators of restoration of ecological function in many ecosystems, including estuarine habitats. In this study, abundance surveys and acoustic telemetry were employed to examine how gray smooth-hound sharks (GSH) use the newly restored Full Tidal Basin (FTB) of Bolsa Chica. GSH were most abundant inside the FTB during the spring and summer, and numbers decreased during the winter. Over 83% of all individuals (n = 336) caught were immature juveniles and were most abundant when water temperatures were between 20 and 22 °C. Sharks fitted with acoustic transmitters (n = 22) were continuously detected for 6-153. days (August 2008-December 2009). Forays into coastal waters were uncommon until individuals left for the season. GSH selected warmer habitats within the middle FTB; however, they also exhibited diel movements along the basin. GSH were most often found associated with mud and eelgrass at night, presumably for feeding. Since its restoration, population and behavioral data suggest that the FTB may provide juvenile GSH with a suitable seasonal environment for feeding and growth. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Air temperature and winter mortality: Implications for the persistence of the invasive mussel, Perna viridis in the intertidal zone of the south-eastern United StatesLouise B. Firth | Antony M. Knights | Susan S. Bell
Volume 400, Issues 1-2, April 2011, Pages 250-256
Global climate change and invasive species represent two of the biggest threats to the environment. Biological communities are responding to global climate change through poleward shifts in distribution, and changes in abundance and phenology of both native and non-native species. An increase in the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events is predicted with global climate change. Much is known about mortality events of marine organisms in relation to warm thermal stress with relatively little known about cold thermal stress, particularly in the tropics. Intertidal species are particularly susceptible to fluctuations in aerial conditions and many are considered indicators of climate change. Perna viridis is a recent invader to the United States where it fouls hard substrates and soft sediment habitats. During winter 2007/08, a mortality event was observed for P. viridis across Tampa Bay, Florida. This mortality event coincided with extreme weather conditions when air temperatures dropped below 2 °C for a period of 6. h during low water. The minimum air temperature recorded was 0.53 °C. During this period water temperature remained relatively constant (~. 20 °C). We provide strong evidence supporting the hypothesis that thermal stress relating to exposure to cold air temperatures during emersion was the primary factor underpinning the mortality event. Similar mortality events occurred in 2009 and 2010, also coinciding with prolonged exposure to low air temperatures.In the short term, weather may be responsible for the temporary trimming back of populations at the edge of their geographic range but in the longer-term, it is expected that climate warming will trigger the poleward movement of both native and non-native species potentially facilitating biotic homogenisation of marine communities. The challenge now is to devise adaptive management strategies in order to mitigate any potential negative impacts to native biodiversity. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.


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Plastic Is Fantastic
Believe it! Designers are creating covetable polymer pieces, applying the forever-futuristic material to party clothes, accessories and even beachwear
"I love Hollywood," Andy Warhol once declared. "Everybody's plastic, but I love plastic. I want to be plastic."
Apparently Warhol isn't the only one with synthetic exuberance syndrome. The spring collections are having a decidedly celluloid moment, and designers have decreed that no part of the body shall go unadorned by plastic. From dresses to tunics to short shorts, this season's garments and accessories are gleaming with acrylic, vinyl and cellophane. Warhol would have been positively giddy.
In Paris, Karl Lagerfeld went plasticus extremis at Chanel, sending several gleaming head-to-toe looks down the runway. One entirely plastic ensemble—a peach-hued pantsuit and green booties—had a distinctly shuffleboard-in-Boca-Raton flair. There was also a shorts and clear vinyl jacket look intended for the beach.
Balenciaga's Nicolas Ghesquière has conjured up glamorous dresses and skirts that, at first glance, appear to be fringed in feathers. "They feature a unique celluloid material which was created specifically for Balenciaga—each sheet of celluloid has been finely cut to create the delicate fringe," said Mr. Ghesquière, who found inspiration in a single fringed dress he discovered in the house's archives from Cristóbal Balenciaga's winter 1966 collection.
At the Maison Martin Margiela show, models trotted down the runway encased in large dry-cleaner-esque plastic covers. Marc Jacobs opted for polyurethane skirts and plastic cowboy boots and flapper dresses for his spring collection. Mr. Jacobs told reporters after the show that he "didn't want it to feel real."
This provocative idea may translate beautifully in the pages of fashion magazines, but is tricky to convert into sales. Plastic ready-to-wear can be "challenging," said Tomoko Ogura, fashion director at Barneys Co-op. If retailers go to the shows and see "an allover plastic piece and we're really drawn to the shape, they can develop it in another fabric," Ms. Ogura said. The result: "a more commercial, salable piece."
Yet some plastic designs do make the direct leap from catwalk to store rack. For example, shoppers at Neiman Marcus and Bergdorf Goodman can snap up the embroidered plastic mint-green dress and polyethylene coat from Mr. Jacobs's spring runway show.
'Marc Jacobs told reporters after his plastic-filled show that he 'didn't want it to feel real.''
Designer Phillip Lim is selling nylon tops and jackets, while New York label Rag & Bone juxtaposes vinyl accents with flowing bohemian silhouettes for spring. "If you go down a gypsy route, you need something as a foil," said co-designer Marcus Wainwright. "You need to have the hard and the soft. It felt like a sporty season, and futuristic."
And, as everyone knows, the future is plastics. This has been the unwavering assumption of fashion designers for decades as they've anticipated the Jetsons-y existence we have yet to reach. In the 1930s, Surrealist designer Elsa Schiaparelli was infusing her revolutionary clothes with plastic. Daniel James Cole, a professor of fashion history at the Fashion Institute of Technology, points out that the 1939 World's Fair—whose slogan was "World of Tomorrow"—showcased television, fluorescent lighting and a curious new substance known as nylon. "There was an exhibition of hypothetical clothes of the future, which included materials like cellophane and rhodophane," said Mr. Cole.
By the 1960s, with the onset of the Space Age, the fashion industry went into plastic overdrive. In Paris, Paco Rabanne crafted wild dresses from chain mail and plastic; in '66 he showed a collection of "12 Experimental and Unwearable Dresses in Contemporary Materials." While it's hard to imagine that era's housewives warming up to these outré new looks, the aesthetic did manage to go mainstream. "There was an American company that advertised in Ladies' Home Journal a kit from which you could make a plastic disc dress," Mr. Cole said. "You could literally sit in your living room and make your own 'Paco Rabanne' tunic."
In 2012, it's unlikely that anyone will market make-it-yourself vinyl bustier dresses like those shown by Dolce & Gabbana, but what's clear is that the market is feeling future-ish. Perhaps designers are interpreting the digital revolution that has been reworking our society for the last decade, or maybe it's commentary on the unreal nature of reality television. We can only imagine what Warhol would have made of the plastic enhancements in "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills."
Plastic Fashion for Real People
Four pretty ways to pull off the look
The Shimmery Pant
Plastic-coated silk is the evening fabric of the future! These Aquascutum trousers stay subtle when matched with a similarly toned top and pearly pink accessories.
The Conversation Tee
Forget sequins—Christopher Kane's laminated flower cut-outs are the new party favor, especially when matched with bold colors.
The Slick Slicker
Play up the transparency and accentuate the sea pattern of this Chanel jacket with a Pop Art-y tangerine shift (and look fabulous in a rainstorm).
The Sharp Skirt
Rag & Bone's wind-breaking pencil skirt is less about the office and more about horsing around with other sporty pieces.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Simple Definition of borrowing
: something that is borrowed; especially : a word or phrase from one language that is used in another language
: the act of borrowing something; especially : the act of borrowing money
Examples of borrowing in a sentence
He's compiling a list of Japanese borrowings in English.
Students must have their own pencils. Borrowing is not allowed.
Economists predict that there will be increases in government borrowing.
First Known Use of borrowing
Learn More about borrowing
Nglish: Translation of borrowing for Spanish speakers Britannica English: Translation of borrowing for Arabic speakers Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about borrowing
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What made you want to look up borrowing? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


text:
If someone could help me I'd be very appreciative. I'mjust not sure what is necessary/ not necessary information here.The question is:
You are streaking horizontally in your sports car at 115 km/h. Themagnetic field of the earth has a magnitude of 0.80x10^-4T,inclined at 56 degrees to the surface in the vicinity. Your car is1.5m wide and 4.0m long. Determine the magnitude of the induced EMFbetween the opposite side door handles of your car if they areseparated by 1.5m.
Will the formula be VBL or V=WBL^2/2 or will wetake the sin of 56 degrees, Im just confused.
Thank you


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Welcome to Glock Talk
Why should YOU join our Glock forum?
- Converse with other Glock Enthusiasts
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If you consider yourself a beginner or an avid shooter, the Glock Talk community is your place to discuss self defense, concealed carry, reloading, target shooting, and all things Glock.
Get Nugent off the NRA Board
Discussion in 'Political Issues' started by jutland, Apr 22, 2012.
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ShelterLogic Ultra Max Big Country Canopy, 30x50'
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Comment Re:It could be worse.... (Score 1) 167
Regardless of the politics, they ARE people. We should not dehumanize them. While the actions of North Korea may puzzle us, it would be better understood once one realizes that THEY lost over 500,000 fighting us in the 1950s, which pales in comparison to what is happening in Syria right now.
I would hope there can be peace between US and THEM
Who dehumanized whom? Many Koreans, Americans and people of other nationalities died in the war that paused over six decades ago. It was a terrible war that resulted in a stalemate in which nobody ended up looking good. The Soviets and Chinese supported one brutal dictatorship and the US/UN supported another. However, the South Koreans, Americans and everyone else has moved on. The South Koreans have thrown off their dictators and even tried to build economic ties with the North. What deserves ridicule is the perpetually provocative stance of the North Korean government, calculated to get attention and more appeasement deals. Ridiculing ludicrous claims about targeting the White House does not dehumanize the North Korean people who can't question anything they're told whether they want to or not.


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Main condition is max limit of 480,000 flights PA (last year the total was 460,000) and that Tube and Heathrow Express should serve the terminal.
3rd east west runway will be discussed at later stage as part of Airport Capcity in SE England.
Also sounds like the UK government may abide by the European court judgement on early (pre 6am) flights


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- Table View
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Essential Pain Pharmacology: The Prescriber's Guideby Marco Pappagallo Howard S. Smith
Essential Pain Pharmacology: The Prescriber's Guide expertly reviews the most important medications used to relieve pain, now considered by many physicians as the fifth vital sign. The catalogue of analgesics has expanded rapidly, and this text presents the most up-to-date, comprehensive array of agents available for prescribing. Each clear and concise drug entry covers the range of indications, advantages and disadvantages, and tips for appropriate dosing and avoiding adverse effects. A separate section covers nutraceuticals, a class of drug increasingly used to manage chronic pain, yet little discussed in medical literature. The detailed description of each medication enables the user to make quick and informed decisions, confident that they are best serving the needs of their patients. Practical 'pearls' for each entry provide a quick go-to reference for the key information to consider before prescribing. This concise user-friendly reference is a must-have on the shelf of every physician.
Select your format based upon: 1) how you want to read your book, and 2) compatibility with your reading tool. To learn more about using Bookshare with your device, visit the Help Center.
Here is an overview of the specialized formats that Bookshare offers its members with links that go to the Help Center for more information.
- Bookshare Web Reader - a customized reading tool for Bookshare members offering all the features of DAISY with a single click of the "Read Now" link.
- DAISY (Digital Accessible Information System) - a digital book file format. DAISY books from Bookshare are DAISY 3.0 text files that work with just about every type of access technology that reads text. Books that contain images will have the download option of 'DAISY Text with Images'.
- BRF (Braille Refreshable Format) - digital Braille for use with refreshable Braille devices and Braille embossers.
- MP3 (Mpeg audio layer 3) - Provides audio only with no text. These books are created with a text-to-speech engine and spoken by Kendra, a high quality synthetic voice from Ivona. Any device that supports MP3 playback is compatible.
- DAISY Audio - Similar to the Daisy 3.0 option above; however, this option uses MP3 files created with our text-to-speech engine that utilizes Ivonas Kendra voice. This format will work with Daisy Audio compatible players such as Victor Reader Stream and Read2Go.


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Saybrooke Apartments
Building Photo
Apartment Home Amenities
- Cable Television
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- Washer/Dryers In Unit
- Dishwashers
- Refrigerators
- Disposals
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- Walk-In Closets
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Community Amenities
- Fitness Centers
- Laundry Facility
- Playground for the Kids
- Swimming Pool
- Tennis Courts
- Available Parking
- Short-term Available
- Wireless Internet
- Breakfast/Coffee Concierge Service
- Close to Public Transportation
- Maintenance On-site
- Package Service
- 24-Hour Availability
- Property Managers On-Site
- On-Site Management
- Recycling Service
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- 24 hour fitness center!
Floorplans and Pricing
Saybrooke Apartments Description
Official Saybrooke Apartments Prices, Availability, Pics, Videos and More!
Discover remarkable stylish living at Saybrooke Apartments in Gaithersburg, Maryland. Comfortably settled in the 20877 area of Gaithersburg on 100 Old MacDonald Road, residents have quick access to a variety of appealing experiences within a short range of the community. Take a look at our pricing and photos for our 1 to 3 bedroom options with rents ranging from $1298 and call to schedule a tour. Renters at Saybrooke have an expansive selection of favored amenities like fireplaces and disposals that highlight the charm of living the apartment life here. Along with offering the great amenities, plenty of community-wide features like the laundry facilities, breakfast/coffee concierge, and sundeck(s) are also available for you. So what are you waiting for? Call (301) 637-7276 to find our availability today and fall in love with Saybrooke!


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Holi 2013: India Celebrates Festival Of Colors In Style
Category: World
/ Mar 27, 2013 11:30AM EDT
Delhi was drenched in the colors of the Holi festival on Wednesday (March 27) as locals immersed themselves in festive spirits by pouring handfuls of bright colored powder on each other. Locals gathered near the 2010 Commonwealth games Talkatora indoor stadium in a festive mood, spraying dry powder, greeting each other and dancing to the rhythm of drumbeats. People, despite their age or gender, came together to share the warmth and beauty of India's famous color festival, and welcome the Spring season. Children and girls dressed in traditional costumes and floral headbands as they performed folk music and traditional 'Rabindra sangeet' (songs). The participants showcased their talent with singers and musicians performing live on the stage. Westerners visiting the city immersed themselves in bright colours and enjoyed the cultural ethos. "I am really enjoying this program. It's very nice, everyone's been very nice to us and gentle with the colours, so we are really having a good time," said Diana, a western tourist. India's festival of colors, Holi is being celebrated on Wednesday (March 27) this year. Video Source: Reuters
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Welcome to DBSTalk
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Model 4900--Am I alone?
Posted 15 August 2008 - 10:13 AM
An inquiry to Dish was of no avail as they do not respond to email but instead require you to contact their tech-help line which however was of no help either as they had never encountered this complaint and didn't know what to do about it. Yet the satellite signal coming into our dish is perfectly normal as the inset video in my wife's Model 510 receiver comes on instantly, working perfectly and never going black
DBS participants' consensus was that owing to its early vintage the 4900 receiver simply doesn't have adequate memory to expeditiously serve both the programming schedule and the inset video. So I decided to live with the inconvenience as in other respects the receiver was vastly superior to the Model 4000 it replaced; whereupon I became somewhat dependent upon the inset in spite of its intermittent behavior
But lately the difficulty is escalating. At first, the inset became entirely unavailable on weekend afternoons, while lately this annoyance is extending into the early-evening hours of weekdays also; while after going black it often cannot be restored until much later in the evening. No doubt these anomalies owe to expanded programming of the guide screen at the expense of the inset but I for one am becoming increasingly frustrated. My No. 1 Son, an expert in matters digital, advises me to switch from Dish to DirecTV but I am reluctant since I understand the two are thinking of merging, whereupon my plight might become even more intolerable
Among the millions of Dish subscribers, it's hard to believe I'm the only one using a Model 4900 and so I appeal to anyone else who might have acquired one in the meantime, to advise
Posted 15 August 2008 - 10:41 AM
On your 501 goto MENU->System Setup->System Info and see if if says WARNING: Check LNB for Details.
Posted 15 August 2008 - 11:26 AM
Posted 15 August 2008 - 11:34 AM
I am not sure of your tech problems but check Dish alignment if signals are low. A receiver upgrade is probably worth while. The 311 works fine and the on screen guide is an improvement. Had I know it would take 3 weeks to get a 311, I would have tried to buy one at Radio Shack.
THe new DISH 1000.4 HD technology sounds interesting. I shall wait and see what it does and think about an upgrade in the future. The comments that people provide in this form have been very helpful to me. I hope they get you going in the right direction.
Posted 15 August 2008 - 11:56 AM
More than half of the service calls we go on with legacy receivers these days end up with those receivers being replaced. They are old and worn out, not to mention obsolete due to memory and processor limitations, and just not very reliable anymore.
Why live with the frustration? Is it worth saving $50?
Posted 16 August 2008 - 10:33 AM
Posted 16 August 2008 - 12:49 PM
Posted 19 August 2008 - 03:07 AM
BTW, if anyone wants one, PM me as I no longer have any use for it
Posted 19 August 2008 - 04:39 AM
Posted 19 August 2008 - 08:12 AM
Personally, I am amazed that DISH is still able to support the legacy boxes along with all the new HD and VIP receivers in the same stream, to be honest. I know you don't want to hear that and don't want to hear "upgrade" but I think you might be happier in the long run if you do upgrade to a 311 as others have mentioned.
Posted 19 August 2008 - 09:08 AM
Posted 24 August 2008 - 08:10 AM
Posted 24 August 2008 - 08:48 AM
Is your phone out of order? 800-333-3474 tech support.
Thanks to all you guys for your helpful inputs. Finally I accessed the Contact Us link in the dish Web Site asking how to proceed and appending a link to this thread. Alas they did not respond
Posted 24 August 2008 - 10:50 AM
Posted 25 August 2008 - 09:04 AM
scooper: So you gave in and procured the DVR model as did my wife Laverne. Of course she is now perfectly happy and won't even consider switching to DirecTV. But I refuse to capitulate 'cause I'm stubborn if not pigheaded
I keep hoping that my excellent No. 1 Son, an aerospace IT, can find some way to trick my Model 4900 into restoring the inset video without that dreary 3-minute wait
Posted 25 August 2008 - 10:19 AM
Posted 25 August 2008 - 12:15 PM
Dish will upgrade that ancient box to a new 311 for about $50. The processor inside is much faster, so the box reacts MUCH faster, and it has enough memory to hold several days worth of guide, which makes guide browsing much faster and easier.
More than half of the service calls we go on with legacy receivers these days end up with those receivers being replaced. They are old and worn out, not to mention obsolete due to memory and processor limitations, and just not very reliable anymore.
Why live with the frustration? Is it worth saving $50?
Do you really want to pay $50 for a 311 when it will no longer work when they upgrade the system MPEG4 from MPEG2. I would go with a new DVR or the non DVR 211.
Posted 25 August 2008 - 01:54 PM
Do you really want to pay $50 for a 311 when it will no longer work when they upgrade the system MPEG4 from MPEG2. I would go with a new DVR or the non DVR 211.
The OP doesn't want to spend the money, so I suggested the lowest-cost option. If the time comes when Dish moves his programming to MPEG4, they will upgrade his receivers to MPEG4 equivalents at no charge, so that's irrelevant.
I personally only have DVRs and wouldn't want a non-DVR receiver, but I'm not the OP.
Posted 25 August 2008 - 05:36 PM
I signed up for DHPP just to GET the 4900 (not by choice). my 3800 was having wayyyy too much trouble reading the smartcard so the CSR told me if I signed up for DHPP I could get a free receiver and the 4900 was what they sent. It works just fine for normal TV viewing, but using the guide is pain-staking. Perhaps if you sign up for the DHPP, you too can get a free replacement. But since your 4900 is technically functioning normal, they might make you pay $$.
Does anyone know when this mpeg4 switch will happen? Just so we have an idea of when we will all need new recvrs?
Posted 26 August 2008 - 01:16 PM
Does anyone know when this mpeg4 switch will happen? Just so we have an idea of when we will all need new recvrs?
The MPEG4-only "Eastern Arc" was just announced, but it is for NEW customers only. Obviously, some years from now, most east-coast folks will be moved over, but you're looking at 3-5 years from now. Dish is going to want the majority of their installed base to self-upgrade (i.e., PAY) their equipment to MPEG4/HD, which, of course, you have to do if you want HD service. Once enough of the installed base has upgraded themselves, Dish will announce the forced, free conversion of the remaining customers, and start swapping out receivers. Again, that's at least several years away.
Posted 28 September 2008 - 08:20 AM
Posted 28 September 2008 - 11:58 AM
All this is far too involved for an old fart such as I to cope. Although there were only about 13 channels, I reminisce nostalgically to the day when one simply hooked up a suitable antenna, pointed it toward Mt Wilson, then sat back and watched TV
You can still do that if you want to....though you might need a digital to analog converter if your tv doesn't have a digital tuner in it...
Posted 28 September 2008 - 01:09 PM
http://shad.is.dream...fl/collect.html 1000 AFL games and counting......


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Express Special Train Service Continues
By Express News Service - HUBLI/BELGAUM
Published: 12th January 2014 09:27 AM
Last Updated: 12th January 2014 09:27 AM
South Western Railway will run two Yeshwantpur-Jaipur-Yeshwantpur (06551/06552) express special trains in each direction to clear extra rush of passengers.
Accordingly, the train (06551) will depart Yeshwantpur at 10.45 am on Sundays on January 19 and 26 and reach Jaipur at 10.35 am on Tuesdays.In the return direction, the train (06552) will leave Jiapur at 10.05 pm on Tuesdays on Janaury 21 and 28 and reach Yeshwantpur at 3.30 am on Fridays, a release from the South Western Railway said.
Meanwhile, the South Western Railway will continue to run seven tri-weekly Yeshwantpur-Miraj-Yeshwantpur special trains in each direction till January 16.
The train will depart at Yeshwantpur station at 8.40 pm on Sundays, Tuesdays and Thursdays and arrive at Miraj station at 10-15 am the next day.
En route, the train will arrive/depart at Tumkur at 9.50/9.52 pm, Arsikere at 11.05/11.10 pm, Davangere at 01.43/01.45 am, Hubli at 04.30/04.40 am, Dharwad at 05.03/05.05 am, Belgaum at 07.15/07.20 am, Ghatprabha at 08.25/08.27 am and arrive/depart at Kudachi at 09.10/09.11 am.
In the return direction, the train will depart Miraj station at 4.45 pm on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays and arrive at Yeshwantpur station at 06.20 am the next day. En route the train will arrive/depart at Kudachi at 05.09/05.10 pm, Ghatprabha at 05.52/05.53 pm, Belgaum at 06.47/06.50 pm, Dharwad at 09.25/09.27 pm, Hubli at 10.10/10.20 pm, Davangere at 00.28/00.30 am, Arsikere at 03.10/03.15 am and arrive/depart at Tumkur at 04.53/04.55 am.
The train has 18 coaches, including one first class AC coach, one AC 2-tier coach, one AC 3-tier coach, seven second class sleeper coaches, six general second class coaches and two second class luggage-cum-brake vans.
Disclaimer: We respect your thoughts and views! But we need to be judicious while moderating your comments. All the comments will be moderated by the NIE editorial. Abstain from posting comments that are obscene, defamatory or inflammatory, and do not indulge in personal attacks. Try to avoid outside hyperlinks inside the comment. Help us delete comments that do not follow these guidelines.


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Well, I just got this game for Christmas BUT my Wii Console doesn't runs it. Does anyone know how can I arrange it? or any reason why that's happening?
I will really appreciate your help!^^
Is it in a white box?
Ya never know eh.
Wi-Fi capable games owned:
Mario Kart
Trauma Center - New Blood
Rock Band 2
The Beatles: Rock Band


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Brooks Skilled Nursing
The focus of our skilled nursing services is to provide comprehensive rehabilitation to improve the long-term quality of life for each of our patients. We provide state-of-the-art treatment facilities with the latest equipment to ensure that each of our patients has the best chance for recovery.
Our Skilled Nursing Offerings Include:
University Crossing (Coming in 2016)
Brooks is currently constructing the University Crossing Skilled Nursing Facility on the main Brooks Rehabilitation campus located at University and Beach Blvd. in Jacksonville, Florida. This three-story 82,000 sq. ft. facility will have 111 beds and serve patients in need of both short and long-term rehabilitation.
Each of its three floors will house a therapy gym, living room, activity space, and dining room. The facility will also feature walking paths, a healing garden, and an outdoor therapy courtyard, providing a peaceful setting for patients and their families.
Now Hiring: to find out more about clinical and non-clinical opportunities at University Crossing click here!
Bartram Crossing is a skilled nursing facility on our beautiful 115-acre campus in Bartram Park, providing short and long-term rehabilitation and nursing care. Guests of Bartram Crossing can expect three individual neighborhoods with private rooms and common areas, an expansive state-of-the art therapy gym, courtyards, and peaceful walking paths and lakes.
Our care teams are committed to ensuring our guests receive both the highest quality care and best possible experience. Bartram Crossing is staffed by comprehensive care teams that include a physician specializing in rehabilitation, nursing staff trained in rehabilitation, physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, dieticians, recreational therapists, and psychologists.
For more information, call (904) 528-3000.
Brooks has partnered with St. Vincent's to develop a unique skilled nursing unit to treat joint replacement and other elective orthopedic surgeries. Located on the 5th floor of St. Vincent's Medical Center Southside, the unit provides an intensive rehabilitation program and 24-hour nursing care that promotes recovery and regained independence.
The care team includes physical therapists, occupational therapists, nursing staff trained in rehabilitation, and a physician to oversee each individual care plan.
For more information, call (904) 296-5645.
Skilled Nursing Locations
Skilled Nursing Locations
Bartram Crossing Skilled Nursing
6209 Brooks Bartram Dr.
Bldg. 100
Jacksonville, FL 32258
Skilled Nursing at St Vincent's Southside
4201 Belfort Rd.
Jacksonville, FL 32216


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Mobile soft device
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Mobile soft device or MSD is a mobile communication service software package that executes on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. An MSD is commonly implemented as a smartphone app.
A mobile soft device is integrated with the core mobile network and its voice call, SMS and MMS services in the same way as a normal mobile phone (with an installed SIM card). Therefore, an MSD uses the mobile voice call, SMS and 3GPP MMS services as an integrated part of the overall service provided to the end user.
As a result, an MSD makes it possible to establish a real-time communication link between two end points even if neither end point is connected to the Internet. In contrast, other smartphone communication apps, such as OTT services, often require both sides to be connected to the Internet in order to establish a real-time communication connection between the two end points.
A further result of the mobile network integration is that a mobile soft device does not require both end points to have an MSD installed in the mobile device in order to fully use voice, SMS and multimedia services. In contrast, an OTT mobile communication app often requires that both end points have the same app installed.
An MSD can thus be used to establish a real-time communication with any other mobile device, anytime and anywhere. This would not be possible with an ordinary OTT smartphone communication app.
The MSD software program executes on mobile hardware devices, such as smartphones or tablets, on top of the mobile device operating system, for example Apple iOS, Google Android or Windows Mobile. The MSD does not need to be installed onto a device with a physical SIM, which is traditionally used to identify and authenticate the particular mobile hardware device and the particular user. An MSD has a virtual SIM card function implemented by software and is therefore not dependent on a physical SIM card to authenticate the mobile user.
An MSD can be used by a mobile network operator or an MVNO to provide OTT services similar to Skype, Viber and WhatsApp (in March 2013), with the added benefit of using the integration with the core mobile network to provide these services anytime and anywhere. In addition, the MSD can provide completely new services as it has access to mobile subscriber data and other mobile network infrastructure, something traditional OTT services generally do not have.
In the special case of voice calls, text messaging and 3GPP MMS, the MSD can be viewed as a mobile soft phone in contrast to a hardware phone device. The cost for a mobile operator to reach new customers, or to distribute physical mobile phones and SIM cards, is usually high. As the MSD is typically distributed over app stores at virtually no cost to the mobile operator, the MSD concept is expected to reshape the mobile industry.
MSD and VoLTE[edit]
MSD also has significant relevance for 3GPP IMS in general and Voice-over-LTE VoLTE. VoLTE is generally expected to provide an IP voice quality that is superior to other voice services over Internet. As the MSD is a software application executing on top of a mobile hardware device operating system, the MSD can be used to introduce VoLTE services even before the hardware device itself has VoLTE support. By moving the voice services from the mobile legacy net LTE, the mobile operator can consolidate the network technologies by phasing out 2G (and even 3G) networks and having all services carried over 4G and LTE networks even before the device industry has caught up with VoLTE support. Such a network technology consolidation will have a significant impact on the mobile network operations cost.


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Trademark Games Illinois State Redbirds Framed Team Logo Mirror
Product Information:
Add some ISU spirit to your game room wall with the Trademark Games® Illinois State Redbirds Framed Mirror. Featuring ISU's logo and wordmark with bold school colors, this 15" x 26" mirror reflects your allegiance to your favorite college team. This school-inspired mirror comes in a black wrapped wood frame, providing a classic way to present your fanaticism. This ISU mirror is perfect for the fan who lives for the Redbirds.
- Trademark Games® Illinois State Redbirds framed team logo mirror
- Features school colors, logo and wordmark for team spirit
- Measures 15" x 26"
- Includes black wrapped wood frame for classic look
- Officially licensed collegiate product
- Trademark Games
Country of Origin: United StatesWeb ID: 31281046


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Rent The Iambics of Newfoundland 1st edition today, or search our site for other textbooks by Robert Finch. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by Counterpoint LLC.
Need help ASAP? We have you covered with 24/7 instant online tutoring. Connect with one of our tutors now.


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The Tallest Tree: Boat
The Tallest Tree is a new collaborative project by Dawn from Dundas, Ontario and Armando out of Mexico City. It was when Armando's band The Oats was playing in Canada that the two met and fell in love, following which Dawn would head to visit in Mexico City and they would write a new song together each time she arrived.
They ended up getting married and have just now released their first single 'Boat' produced by Dan Weston up in Toronto where they are now based. In addition the duo has also put together a great video for this exceptional track that features guest vocals by Marra Koren, which we've embedded further below. Make sure to check out their Soundcloud page for a few more excellent tracks and several upcoming August tourdates at their website.
WEBSITE | SOUNDCLOUD | FACEBOOK | TWITTER[audio:http://insomniaradio.net/audio/dailydose/irdd-thetallesttree-boat.mp3] HypeMachine


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With the Bulls preparing for the final scrimmage of camp,USF Head Coach Skip Holtz discuses the team as they close out camp and where they're at. Coach also talks about defensive end Aaron Lynch's waiver denial, guys stepping up, & more.
Click here for more info on Thursday's practice and to share your thoughts with other USF insiders -- get the inside scoop!


text: World of Warcraft Giant Foam Doomhammer Replica Flag this deal What's the matter? Choose a reason Dead deal Duplicate Bad link Spam Inaccurate No value Alive again Edit deal FibroMom Jan 23, 2013 Too funny! I know a few World of Warcraft Fans that would go crazy over this! Thanks for the fun deal! ;) Reply TaintedBlaKK Jan 25, 2013 I thought it might be a good item for those who like the game. Reply Christine Jan 22, 2013 all i can think about is big bang theory hahahah what a great show =) Reply Load More Comments


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BI (Business Intelligence) Developer - Relocate to Thailand
Big Wednesday Digital - United States
Calling all BI Developers:. Business Intelligence Developer The role is base in Bangkok, Thailand - full relocation and visa provided....
Business Intelligence Analyst
CyberCoders - Cambridge, MA
Business Intelligence Analyst If you are a Business Intelligence Analyst, BI Developer, Data Analyst or Operations Analyst with a passion for data driven...
MS Dynamics CRM - Administrator - 70k - Waltham, MA
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Experience creating SSRS reports. Microsoft / Dynamics CRM / implementation / remote / integration / systems / CRM / workflow / C# / javascript / java / C++ /...
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1 - 3 years of experience working in a SFDC developer or technical developer function. Certification in SFDC Developer I is preferred....
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Experience with reporting software such as Crystal Reports or SSRS. Athena Capital is seeking a Software Developer to join its IT and Development Team....
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Nigel Frank International Limited - Burlington, MA
Develop multidimensional cubes using SSAS and report solutions using SSRS. Strong data visualization experience with SSRS or Tableau....


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Lexus IS300 Repair and Maintenance
A guide to problems, costs, maintenance and repair for your Lexus IS300
Ask a mechanic in our community
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2002 Lexus IS300
Repair Estimates
Never overpay. Check prices with our estimator
Lexus IS300
352to $
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Lexus IS300 ProblemsCheck Engine Light Due to EVAP System Failure
Check Engine Light and Lack of Power Due to Failed Mass Air Flow Sensor
Occasionally, the Check Engine Light is illuminated due to failures in the evaporative emission (EVAP) system. Our technicians tell us that proper diagnoses is generally required to confirm the exact fault causing the warning light to come on.
The Check Engine Light may illuminate because the mass air flow sensor sends incorrect information to the engine control computer. This can cause a loss of power on acceleration. A failed mass air flow sensor will require replacement.
Lexus IS300 QuestionsI have these codes (1 answer)
I was driving and went over a small bump, not very fast at all and my steering wheel all of a sudden is no longer centered. Also my car is now making this weird squeaking noise I think coming from the suspension and its driving kind of strange. Problem? (1 answer)
my ? is would p0402,p0402 and p0406 effect doing a smog check on my car
the check engine light in my Lexus 2002 is300 doesnt turn onwhen I turn the igni (1 answer)
Lexus IS300 Reviews
I bought mine in 2010 with 80k miles. I do regular oil changes and have done the water pump and timing belt and have had zero problems and now has 140k. This car looks great, is fun to drive, and is reliable. I also have had the melting dash problem, but for my only issue with the vehicle to be cosmetic I am happy. I hope to drive it many more years and by the looks of it I will
is it normal that your car is hot inside like air coming out underneath the pedal and the dash?
Exceptional build quality and reliability. Fun to drive. Definitely my taste, appears that Lexus read my mind in my most desirable features in a family car with Traction control, heated seats and exceptional climate control system. Never let me down. 2002 IS300 with manual transmission. Currently with 101,000 miles, the only maintenance I have done are normal wear and tear and preventive m...


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Jeffery Kragh, 48 - March 05, 2013Jeffery "Jeff" Ray Kragh, 48, of Krum, TX, passed away, Tuesday, March 5, 2013, at his residence after a courageous battle with cancer.
A memorial service will be conducted on Saturday, March 9, at 2 p.m. at the Chapel of DeBerry Funeral Directors in Denton, TX.
Kragh was born June 7, 1964, at Ada, OK, to Jim and Gwen Rowe Kragh. He graduated from Chickasha High School and attended Oklahoma State University.
On June 5, 1993, he was united in marriage to Jennifer Ostendorf at Gothenburg. The couple traveled the United States and made numerous friends.
He was the owner of Kragh's Welding.
Survivors include: his wife, Jennifer Kragh of Krum; his son, Justin Kragh; parents, Jim and Gwen Kragh; sisters—Amber (Chris) Dunlevy of Norman, OK, and Crystal (Doug) Krey of Rush Springs, OK; father- and mother- in-law, Richard and Janet Ostendorf of Gothenburg; brother-in-law, Matt Ostendorf of Gothenburg; nieces—Shaila, Micki and Savannah Ostendorf and Raygan Krey; nephews—Nick and Nate Dunlevy.
In lieu of flowers, memorials are suggested to the Justin Kragh College Fund, c/o Northstar Bank, Attn: Chris Farmer, P.O. Box 1108, Krum, TX 76249.
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Project Runway contestant Miranda Levy explains breach of military uniform standards
Milwaukee artist and "Project Runway" contestant Miranda Levy posted an open letter to her fellow service members in the military this evening, explaining the circumstances around a breach of uniform standards on the first episode of the fashion-driven reality TV show. She is the first veteran to compete on the series.
Levy, who posted the letter to Facebook and within minutes had a string of supportive comments and "likes," creates designs that are often inspired by the trim and precise tailoring of military uniforms. "Project Runway" airs on Lifetime on Thursdays. Here is Levy's letter in full: »Read Full Blog Post
MSO closes curtain on Couture move
The Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra is no longer considering a possible relocation from the Marcus Center to the Couture hotel and apartment high-rise planned for downtown Milwaukee's lakefront.
The orchestra's discussions about the Couture were characterized in May as "super duper preliminary" by Mark Niehaus, MSO president and executive director. »Read Full Article(3)
Metallica member in Milwaukee Sept. 26 to promote band documentary
Kirk Hammett, lead guitarist and songwriter with the band Metallica, will be attending a showing of the documentary concert film "Metallica Through the Never" at 10 p.m. Thursday at the AMC Mayfair.
The film, by "Kontroll" director Nimrod Antal, is being shown in IMAX 3-D. »Read Full Blog Post(1)
Cage the Elephant playing free Rave show
Garage rock band Cage the Elephant is doing double duty when its in Milwaukee Sept. 29.
The Kentucky band was already confirmed to play a free show at the Exclusive Company, 1669 N. Farwell Ave., at 7 p.m. Now comes news that it will also be playing a free show at the Rave Sunday. »Read Full Article
Cher coming to BMO Harris Bradley Center June 6
Pop superstar Cher is coming back to Milwaukee for the first time in 11 years. The so-called Goddess of Pop will perform at the BMO Harris Bradley Center June 6.
The 67-year-old Grammy, Oscar and Emmy winner is suiting up for the "Dressed to Kill" tour, her first time on the road since an alleged "farewell" tour from 2002 to 2005, which stopped at the Bradley Center twice, on July 13, 2002, and on Aug. 16, 2003. The Milwaukee dates alone grossed $1.6 million in ticket sales, according to Billboard, and the tour was one of the highest-grossing ever by a female solo artist, with north of 600 shows performed in front of nearly 6 million fans, grossing $394 million according to the Guiness Book of World Records. »Read Full Article(17)
'Detective's Wife' plumbs more than one mystery
Why do we read mysteries?
Alice Conroy — lone character in Keith Huff's "The Detective's Wife," which opened over the weekend at the Milwaukee Chamber Theatre, under Jim Tasse's direction — suggests that mysteries' often formulaic solutions help distract us from those larger existential quandaries we can't even face, let alone solve. »Read Full Article
Monday through Sunday, a parade of authors visiting this week
Local readers can see and hear at least one author every day this week, including several prize-winning fiction writers. It's not an official literary festival, but it might as well be.
Unless otherwise noted, these events take place at Boswell Book Company, 2559 N. Downer Ave. »Read Full Blog Post
Miley Cyrus rides 'Wrecking Ball' to No. 1
Riding in on her hit song's namesake, Miley Cyrus bounced from deep in the charts to attain her first career number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Watch that song's eye-catching music video below and then step into the wayback machine to see the biggest hits from this week in 2004, 1994, 1984 and 1974.
No. 1 hit Sept. 23, 2013 »Read Full Blog Post(1)
On Tap for Today: Milwaukee fashion, author visit and Physical Theatre
The weekends go by so quickly. Here we are again at Monday.
The difference is, this is a good-looking Monday. See for yourself. »Read Full Blog Post