text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jun 11, 1974
|Filing date
|Dec 15, 1971
|Priority date
|Nov 19, 1969
|Publication number
|B Yoldas
|Original Assignee
|Owens Illinois Inc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (12), Classifications (19), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent [191 Yoldas REFRACTORY ARTICLE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME [75] Inventor: Bulent E. Yoldas, Toledo, Ohio [73] Assignee: Owens- Illinois, Inc., Toledo, Ohio Notice: The portion of the term of this patent SUbSi'qUl'llI to Aug. 1, 1989,
has been t sclaimed.
[22] Filed: Dec. 15, 1971 2 11 Appl. No.: 208,493
Related us. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 878,106, Nov. 19, 1969, Pat. No.
[52] US. Cl 117/46 FA, 65/324, 65/374, 106/38.3, l06/38.35, 106/69, 117/123 A,
[511 Int. Cl. C03c 25/00 [58] Field of Search 65/324, 374; l06/38.3, l06/38.35, 69; 117/123 A, 169 A, 46 FA;
[56] References Cited 1*June 11, 1974 3,236,665 2/1966 King 264/30 X 3,270,382 9/1966 Emblem etal l06/38.35 X 3,292,220 12/1966 Emblem et al...... l06/38.35 X 3,681,113 8/1972 Yoldas 117/123 X [57] ABSTRACT lmpregnated refractory structures, such as, for example, bricks which have increased resistance to the destructive action of molten glass are disclosed. The structures are produced by an impregnation and densification process in which conventional, prefabricated, solid, porous, refractory structures are first treated with a solution of a polysilicon compound which is thermally decomposable to silica, and the solutiontreated structure is then heat treated, to cause a deposition of amorphous silica in the brick pores. Because of the silica deposition and pore impregnation, a densification and decrease in porosity is effected which greatly decreased molten glass penetration and internal destruction of the silica impregnated refractory structure. The use of these impregnated structures also produce a glass with substantially fewer seeds. A particularly suitable polysilicon compound which may be employed is a hydrolyzed and condensed ethyl sili- Cate.
5 Claims, No Drawings REFRACTORY ARTICLE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME This is a division of application Ser. No. 878,106, filed Nov. 19, 1969, now US. Pat. No. 3,681,113.
THE INVENTION The present invention relates to refractory structures, and more particularly to impregnated refractory structures having improved resistance to the erosive and corrosive action of molten glass. Still more particularly, the invention relates to low porosity, densified refractory brickswhich are resistant to the destructive action of molten glass compositions.
Various prefabricated refractory structures, for example, bricks, because of their many desirable properties, particularly their high melting points and rigidity and strength at high temperatures, are extensively em- 'ployed in the metallurgical and glass industries. In the glass industry, for example, these bricks may typically take the form of integral components of the wall and floor structures of the glass melting tank and, as such, are in contact with the molten glass compositions or molten devitrifiable compositions. Unfortunately, notwitstanding their many desirable properties, even the best refractory bricks for a specific application are subject to a deficiency in that their useful, effective life spans are undesirably low. That is, because of the corrosive and erosive action of the molten glass, the desirable properties of the refractory bricks soon deteriorate which requires the melting operation to be discontinued for purposes of allowing brick replacement. Thus, those skilled in the art realize that if the problem of refractory brick deterioration could be eliminated, or at least greatly minimized, the solution to the problem would find great acceptance in the glass industry because of the economic benefits which would result.
It has now been found that apparently the microstructure of the pores of the prior art bricks is a substantial and material factor in detrimentally influencing their effective life. That is, the prior art bricks are of a relatively high porosity characterized by large pore size and also by an inter-communication of the various pores. Apparently, because of these types of pores, molten glass has been capable of penetrating the refractory brick and progressively increasing the size of the pores, hence causing brick internal destruction by corrosive and erosive action as well as the expected external destruction.
Another deficiency of the prior art porous refractory structures is their tendency for bleeding, or outgassing, with a consequent seed formation in the molten glass. Thus, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that higher quality glass will be produced if bleeding is minimized since the seed content of the glass will be greatly reduced.
With the foregoing in mind, it is an object of this invention to provide for refractory structures having improved useful lives.
[t is another object of this invention to provide (1) methods of increasing the resistance of prior art refractory structures to the corrosive and erosive action of molten materials and (2) improved refractory structures.
it is another object of this invention to alter the microstructure of the pores of prior art refractory bricks so as to minimize molten glass penetration.
It is another object of this invention to decrease the porosity of prior art refractory bricks.
Yet another object of this invention is to minimize the pore size of prior art refractory bricks.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a refractory brick having minimal pore intercommunication.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a densified, low-porosity silica-containing refractory brick having improved corrosion and erosion resistance to molten glass.
' A still further object of this invention is to provide a method for treating prior art porous refractory structures to increase their resistance to deterioration in the presence of molten glass.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a method for densifying prior art refractory bricks and for decreasing the porosity thereof.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide refractory bricks having good resistance to internal penetration of molten glass.
A still further object is to provide for refractory structures having a minimum tendency for bleeding.
A further object is to provide for a refractory brick which has amorphous silica impregnated throughout its entire thickness and wherein the silica is deposited from a solution without leaving any residual carbon.
According to one aspect of this invention, the foregoing objects and others are accomplished by introducing a substantially gel-free solution of a hydrolyzed and partially condensed silicon-containing polymer (polysilicon compound) which is decomposable to pure silica into the pores of a solid, porous refractory structure, such as a crucible or refractory brick, and then decomposing the condensed polymer, preferably by firing, so as to homogeneously deposit and impregnate the refractory throughout its entire thickness with amorphous silica. According to the preferred practice of this invention, decomposition will be effected without the concurrent deposition of carbon.
, In P16. 1 of the drawings, there is a schematic flow diagram illustrating the present invention. As will be apparent from the drawing, a solid, porous, refractory brick of the type commonly employed in fabricating glass melting furnaces, is immersed in a solution of a polysilicon compound which is decomposable to silica. The solvent of the solution is then evaporated and the polysilicon compound decomposed. This decomposition effects a deposition of silica in the pores, throughout the entire thickness of the brick. The silica impregnated brick will have improved molten glass resistance, thus making it of great use in the melting furnace of a glass manufacturing operation.
Advantageously, the condensed silicon-containing polymers, or polysilicon compounds, suitable for use in this invention will be of the well known siloxane type in which the silicon atoms are only bonded to oxygen atoms, that is, the polysilicon compound will generally be void of any direct silicon to carbon linkages. Generally, tetrafunctional silanes are hydrolyzed and condensed to produce this type of polysilicon compound. Most typically, these polysilicon compounds are produced by hydrolyzing and condensing tetrafunctional silanes of the formula Si-X wherein X is a hydrolyzable group such as a halide, for example, chlorine, or an OR group in which R is a straight or branched chain alkyl or aryl containing one to eight carbon atoms, in-
3 cluding octyl, butyl, ethyl, isopropyl, phenyl and the like, for a sufficient amount of time to produce a partially condensed polysilicon which is decomposable to silica and in which the silicon atoms are only bonded to oxygen.
Exemplary of this type of polysilicon compound are the well known hydrolyzed and condensed ethyl silicate polymers which are conveniently prepared by reacting silicon tetrahalides, for example, silicon tetrachloride and ethyl alcohol and then hydrolyzing and condensing the ethyl orthosilicate reaction product. These polymers are generally designated by their equivalent silica (SiO content and are commercially available. The silica equivalent of tetraethoxysilane is about 28.8 percent and, because of the hydrolysis and condensation of this material, condensed ethyl silicate polymers will have silica equivalents which exceed this value. Thus, condensed ethyl silicate or condensed ethyl silicate polymers are readily available which have equivalent silica contents of up to 40 percent. If desired, polymers having silica contents of up to about 56 percent may be prepared in the manner set forth in US. Pat. No. 2,799,693. Any of these known and available condensed ethyl silicate polymers may be advantageously employed in practicing this invention by forming a substantially gel-free solution of same in a suitable inert organic solvent. Preferably, the solution concentration will be less than 40 percent by weight of equivalent SiO and, most desirably, will be about 30-40%.
Highly useful polysilicon compounds, suitable for practicing this invention, are synthesized by reacting a single phase mixture of l an alkyl or aryl orthosilicate represented by the structural formula l-OR wherein R is an aryl or alkyl group containing from l-8 carbon'atoms, (2) water, and (3) a mineral acid in the presence of a suitable solvent for a sufficient period of time until the reaction is essentially complete and produces a generally gel-free solution of a hydrolyzed condensed polysilicon compound which is decomposable to pure silica and in which the silicon atoms are only bonded to oxygen atoms. While an equivalent reaction is obtainable at reaction temperatures between about room temperature and reflux, it is preferred to react the materials at the reflux temperature or at least at a temperature of from about 75C 80 C. to reflux. Below these reaction temperatures, the rate of the reaction is somewhat longer and therefore requires a somewhat longer time for completion which may be as much as 1 day to 3 or 4 days, or more. If run at room temperature, the reaction will result in an exotherm and, after the reaction is essentially complete, the temperature of the resulting reacted solution will decrease. When run under reflux conditions, the reaction time may in general be about one-half hour to sixteen hours,
'with a preferred reflux reacton time of about two to clude methyl orthosilicate, n-propyl orthosilicate, isopropyl orthosilicate, n-butyl orthosilicate, pentylorthosilicate, hexylorthosilicate, octyl orthosilicate, phenyl orthosilicate, benzyl orthosilicate, and the like. Most desirably, however, the compound will be ethyl orthosilicate.
The reaction to produce the preferred condensed polysilicon compound described above from organosilanes will advantageously be practiced by employing a molar ratio of water to the starting compound of the formula (RO).,Si of about 0.521 to about 7 or 8:1 and preferably from about 1:1 to about 7 or 8:1. Additionally, while various mineral acids may be employed to catalyze the reaction, HCl in an amount of about 2-3 to about 320 parts of the acid per million parts of total water and total orthosilicate is highly preferred for purposes of maintaining a controlled reproducible reaction. Since the commercially available starting compounds of the formula SiX generally contain acidic or basic impurities, it is desirable, for purposes of being able to maintain the proper acidity, that these compounds be purifled prior to the reaction. One suitable way to accomplish this purification is to distill the Si-X compound over all alkali-metal aluminum hydride, for example, sodium, potassium or lithium aluminum hydride, according to methods well known'in the art.
The solvent employed will generally have several properties. That is, it will be miscible with both water and silicate in order that a single phase system is formed, it will be inert to dilute acid, water and silicates, and will act as a solvent for lower molecular weight polysilicon compounds which are formed during the reaction. Additionally, the-solvent will preferably be of a relatively high vapor pressure, and an accordingly low boiling point so that, when the reaction is done under reflux conditions, the reflux temperature will be such as to permit the reaction to proceed at a reasonable rate. Similarly, the high vapor pressure will facilitatelater solvent removal. Included among the suitable solvents are methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, butanol, high-alcohols, other polar organic solvents, and mixtures thereof. The preferred solvents are alkyl alcohols having one to six carbon atoms. When other than an anhydrous solvent is used, the quantity of water included with the solvent will be included in the calculation of required water for the reaction. When commercially available polysilicon compounds are employed, these same materials may be used as the solvent.
A particularly suitable polysilicon compound for use in this invention is a hydrolyzed and condensed ethyl silicate polymer produced by (a) heating a mixture of (l) ethylorthosilicate, (2) water, wherein the molar ratio of water to orthosilicate is in the range of about 1.521 to about 2.25:1 and (3) from about 2.7 to 320 parts per million of amineral acid in the presence of a sufficient amount of a lower alcohol solvent such as ethanol n-propanol, isopropanol, n-hexanol, or the like, and then refluxing the mixture for about two to four hours, thereby forming a gel-free solution containing a partially condensed polysilicon compound, and (b) concentrating the solution by heating at about at least 10 C. to 20 C. below the gel point thereof to volatilize and remove some alkanol byproduct and water. It has generally been found that an amount of anhydrous solvent of about 60 to about percent by weight of orthosilicate compound is sufficient for the reaction mixture.
In general, the concentrating step noted above will effect a removal of a sufficient amount of alcohol byproduct and water so that the solution remaining is still gel-free and has a concentration of approximately 30 to 40 percent, and preferably 30-35 percent, by weight of equivalent silica (SiO While solutions outside of the 30 to 40 percent range may be employed, it is generally found that when the concentration is in excess of 40 percent, the solution may be too viscous, may have a tendency to gel. Consequently, by using a solution having a concentration below about 40 percent equivalent silica, these deficiencies are generally obviated. Similarly, the lower, or 30 percent concentration limit set forth above is generally a practical limitation. That is, below this limit, the solution is in effect too dilute in equivalent silica and thusseveral treatments may be required to obtain the desired densification and pore reduction, whereas the number of treatments is significantly less with a higherconcentration.
The concentrating step according to usual procedures will involve volatilizing approximately 40 to 60 percent of the weight of the solution remaining after the reflux period and, more typically, approximately fifty weight percent. These weights also generally correspond to the volume which is removed. It should be mentioned,.however, that the concentrating step will not be of such intensity as to effect a precipitation or gelation of the partially condensed reaction product held in solution.
After preparing the gel-free solution of the polysilicon compound which is decomposable to silica, this solution is introduced into the pores of a solid, porous, refractory structure by well known methods. This may, for example, be accomplished by immersing the refractory structure into the solution and allowing it to soak for a sufficient time to become saturated therewith. The immersion may be done in vacuum or under normal atmospheric pressure. Optionally, this introduction of the solution may be accomplished by spraying the refractory structure until it has become saturated.
After the refractory structure has had the solution of a polysilicon compound which is decomposable to silica introduced into its pores, the solvent from this solution is allowed to evaporate and the polysilicon compound remaining in the pores then decomposed to silica, hence producing a silica impregnated refractory structure. This decomposition and impregnation effects a densification of the refractory structure and both a reduction in the pore size of the refractory as well as a blocking of the prior pore intercommunication, the net result of which is to greatly decrease the ability of corrosive molten refractory-destroying materials to internally penetrate the refractory and cause its destruction. In passing, it should be mentioned, however, that a single treatment, that is, the steps of introducing the solution into the pores, followed by a decomposition to silica, may not produce the desired degree of densifica-- tion and porosity decrease. In this case, several successive treatments may be employed to obtain the desired result. Typically, three or four treatments are quite sufficient.
In the usual practice total decomposition of the decomposable polysilicon compound is advantageously effected by heating the refractory structure to a temperature of at least about 500 to about 550 C. for at least about two to four hours. Of course, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the time for decomposition will vary depending on the size of the refractory structure being employed. This decomposition may be effected in an oxidizing atmosphere, a reducing atmosphere, or in a nonredox atmosphere. Thus, thermal decomposition in atmospheres of air, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, and the like may be employed.
Since, most typically, the refractory structures which are treated and silica-impregnated in accordance with this invention, will be refractory bricks ultimately intended for use as components of the wall or floor portions of a melting furnace, the invention will advantageously be practiced by finally decomposing the decomposable polysilicon compound while the bricks are integral components of such floors or walls. That is, these bricks may be used to construct the walls or floors while they still have a residue of the undecomposed, decomposable polysilicon compound in their pores and the final decomposition effected during the melting furnace heat-up. When a single treatment is employed, the bricks will be saturated with the solution containing a polysilicon compound which is decomposable to silica and the solvent evaporated to deposit the decomposable compound in the pores; after this, the bricks may be used to construct the walls or floor of the furnace or to line the furnace and the compound decomposed to silica when the furnace is fired. If several treatments of the brick are employed, it is advantageous to decompose the polysilicon compound to silica before again introducing the solution of the polysilicon compound into the remaining pores. Consequently, when several treatments are involved, each treatment except the last will include decomposition to silica with the decomposition of only the final treatment being done during furnace heat-up. ln this latter case, it will be readily apparent that the bricks which are employed to fabricate the furnace walls or floor will be impregnated with silica, this being the result of the prior treatment, and the pores of the brick will, in addition, contain a polysilicon compound which is yet to be decomposed. In the former case, which is a single treatment, the bricks will only be impregnated with the yet to be decomposed, decomposable polysilicon compound.
It has been surprisingly found that the polysilicon compound may be decomposed to deposit amorphous silica in the refractory pores without the concurrent formation of carbon, if a certain heat history is avoided. Generally, if during the heating of the refractory structure to decompose the polysilicon compound to silica the polysilicon compound is subjected to a temperature of about C. to about 220 C. for a period of time which exceeds about one to two days, it will be difficult to prevent the concurrent formation of carbon during the decomposition. Consequently, when it is desired to prevent carbon formation, as it will be in many instances in the manufacture of glass because of the undesired discoloration thereof, as well as because of a setting up of undesirable electrochemical reactions, this temperature history should be avoided.
It has also been found that during decomposition of the polysilicon compound to silica by the heating of the refractory structure, there is a slight tendency for this structure to crack. This deficiency apparently results from the emission of a substantial volume of gases duringthe decomposition and in order to accommodate this, it is desirable to allow a holding period during heating to permit a slow emission of these vapors. In general, this tendency for cracking may be greatly minimized by a controlled heat treatment in which the refractory structure and the polysilicon compound are held at a temperature of about 300 C.'to about 375 C. for a sufficient time to prevent cracking, e.g., at least about 3 to 4 hours, after which time the structure is heated to at least 500 C. to 550 C. to effect total decomposition. Of course, it will be readily apparent that the heating to effect total decomposition may immediately follow holding the structure at the 300C. to 375 C. temperature level or, if more convenient, the structure may be cooled to room temperature after the 300 C. to 375 C. hold period and then again reheated to a temperature in excess of about 500 C.
Thus, according to ahighly preferred aspect of this invention, the refractory structure which has been impregnated with the decomposable polysilicon compound, will be heated to about 300 C. to 375 C. without holding the structure at a temperature of about 160 C. to 220 C. for a time to exceed about one day, thereby greatly decreasing the possibility of ultimate carbon formation, and held at the 300 C. to 375 C. temperature level for at least about three to four hours, thereby greatly decreasing the likelihood of cracking, and then finally heated to a temperature of about 500 C. to 550 C. or higher for a sufficient time to effect a total decomposition of the polysilicon compound to silica. In other words, if the polysilicon compound is heated to the 300 C. 375C. level within about one day, the possibility of ultimate carbon formation will be substantially eliminated.
Any prefabricated, solid, porous refractory structure, for example, bricks, crucibles, and the like, may be It is known in the prior art that ethyl silicate may be employed as a binder or glue for holding particulate refractory materials together in the wet production and fabrication of a refractory substance. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,799,693. The refractory substances produced by this type of prior art technique are highly porous and subject to destruction by the internal penetration of molten, refractory-destroying materials. Consequently, they are exemplary of the prefabricated porous refractory structures which may be further treated in accordance with this invention to densify same and reduce the porosity thereof, thereby producing a new refractory structure which is impregnatedwithamorphous silica and which has increased resistance to the internal penetration of molten, refractory-destroying materials. In short, the refractory substancesproduced by this type of prior art are generally characterized by large intercommunicating pores. By treatment in accordance with this invention, the pores size and their intercommunication is greatly reducedby the silica impregnation.
The following embodiments illustrate the manner of making and using this invention. It is to be understood,
' however, that these embodiments are merely exemtreated in accordance with this invention provided, of
alumina fire bricks, chrome fire bricks, magnesite.
(burned) fire bricks, magnesite (unburned) fire bricks, forsterite fire bricks, and other like structurally stable refractories, especially silica brick compositions as classified under ASTM Designation C-416-60. Refractory structures which are advantageously densified and treated in accordance with this invention will contain I at least about 95 percent SiO Specific refractory bricks which are advantageously treated in accordance with this invention to increase their resistance to molten glass penetration are com-' posed of at least 99 percent fusedsilica, have a density of about 1.7 to 2.0 and a porosity of about 8-20 percent, the modules of rupture generally being about l0003500 p.s.i. and the compressivestrength being about 10,000 to 20,000 p.s.i. These bricks are generally manufactured in a method well known in the art by casting a fine fused silica slip, drying and then kilnfiring and are commercially available. One such suitable brick is that sold commercially by Glasrock Products, Inc.
plary and are not .to be construed as limitingthe invention.
EXAMPLE I (A) Forming l-lydrolyzed and Partially Condensed Ethyl Silicate Four moles (832 grams) of distilled ethyl orthosilicate (tetraethoxysilane) were added to a reactor and 540 grams of anhydrous isopropanol then added to the ethyl silicate. The resultant mixture was agitated for several minutes. To this mixture there was then added 7.2 moles (130 grams) of water. The water addition is generally done slowly and preferably the addition will be successively made in small aliquots until the total water charge has been added. The water was added in 10 ml. aliquots and, after each addition, the mixture stirred until clear; this procedure was successively repeated until the entire charge of water had been added. HCl l N solution) was then added to this ethyl silicateisopropanol-water mixture such that there was a concentration of 10 parts HCl per million parts of total water and ethyl orthosilicate.
The above mixture was then subjected to a hydrolysis and partial condensation by heating the mixture to about 50 to C. to generally effect hydrolysis and then refluxing the mixture for about 2 hours at about C. to effect partial condensation. The resultant solution containing a hydrolyzed and partially condensed polysilicon reaction product was then concentrated by evaporatory removal, at about 80 C., of about 750 grams of the alcohol by-product and water. Thus, there remained a gel-free hydrolyzed and condensed ethyl silicate polymer in an alcoholic solution, the solution containing the equivalent of about 30 to 35 weight percent of silica (SiO This solution was then stored in an enclosed glass receptacle and allowed to cool to room temperature.
(B) Densification and lmpregnation A commercially available silica refractory brick was then impregnated according to the following general procedure. The specific brick which was employed was that manufactured and commercially supplied by Glasrock Products, Inc., of Atlanta, Ga, under the name "Masrock. This brick is composed of approximately 99+% fused silica and is generally recognized as having excellent resistance to the corrosive and erosive action of molten glass compositions. A large brick was cut to an acceptable size and the specific brick sample employed was a generally rectangular brick having an initial density of 1.82 grams per cc, a porosity of 17.6 percent, and a size of 1 inch X 1 inch X 3 inches. By microscopic investigation, this sample was characterized by intercommunicating pores of a nominal size of about 50 to IOO'microns.
It should be mentioned that the porosity and density of the brick employed were measured according to well known procedures which include ascertaining a dry weight, a saturated weight, and a suspended weight. The dry weight of the brick sample was obtained by weighing the brick after it had been heated to 400 C. and then cooled to room temperature in a dessicator. The so-called saturated weight of the brick isobtained by first boiling it in water for approximately five hours and then immediately weighing the wet brick. The suspended weight is the weight of a dry brick when suspended in water at a temperature of about 25 C. Since density is defined as weight or mass per unit volume, the density of the brick is obtained by dividing the dry weight by the difference between the saturated weight and the suspended weight. Likewise, the porosity is obtained by dividing the difference between the saturated weight and dry weight by the difference between the saturated weight and the suspended weight. The 1 inch 10 polymer. As a result of this decomposition, amorphous silica was deposited in the brick pores, thus producing a silica impregnated brick.
A highly beneficial feature of this invention is that the silica was deposited, apparently without the formation of any residual carbon as determined by chemical analysis. Since carbon is known to discolor certain glass compositions as well as set up undesirable electrochemical reactions, this carbon-free silica impregnation makes the bricks well suited for use in the glass melting operation.
The density of the silica impregnated brick after this first treatment was then determined according to the procedure hereinbefore set forth and found to be 1.87; that is, a densification of 3.01 percent resulted. Likewise, the porosity was determined and found to be 15.1 percent, which is the equivalent of a pore reduction of 14.2 percent. When microscopically examined, it was found that the silica impregnated brick had silica deposited in a uniform and homogeneous manner throughout the entire thickness of the brick which is attributable to the solution treatment and soaking. The pre-treatment pore inter-communication was also substantially reduced.
The silica impregnated brick which had been treated as set forth above was then successively treated five additional times according to the same procedure. Table I below summarizes the resultant densification and pore reduction of this brick after each of these successive treatments.
TABLE I Qensifi at qq an 20m Reduction oflixamnle .1. 7
Before First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment UCGU'IICVI'II W Density (grams per cc) 1.82 1.87 1.90 1.92 1.93 1.93 1.94 Porosity (percent) 17.6 15.1 13.6 12.4 12.3 12.2 11.9 Densification (percent) 0 3.01 4.8 6.1 6.4 6.6 6.9 Pore reduction (percent) 0 14.2 22.6 28.8 30.1 31.0 32.4
x 1 inch X 3 inchsample when tested according to the above procedures had a porosity of 17.6 percent and density of 1.82 grams per cc as indicated above. The silica refractory brick sample while at room temperature was then immersed in the solution produced according to Step A above and allowed to remain and soak in this solution overnight to become thoroughly impregnated and saturated. This was done in the ambient environment. The saturated brick sample was then removed and the excess alcoholic solvent was allowed to evaporate therefrom by setting in open air until a brick sample with a substantially dry appearance resulted. The brick sample, which is now impregnated with the decomposable polysilicon compound, was then heated to about 325 C. to about 350 C. in an air environment within a period of about 1% hours to 3 hours and held at that temperature for approximately 3 to 4 hours. After this heating cycle, the sample was again heated, this time to a temperature of about 550 C. to 600 C. and held there for several hours to effect a final decomposition of the hydrolyzed ethyl silicate EXAMPLE II The procedure of Example I was repeated to the extent that the. brick was subjected to three successive, silica impregnation treatments, thereby producing a carbon-free silica impregnated brick having a density of about 1.92 grams per cc and a porosity of about 12.4
percent. This treated brick sample and an untreated brick sample of the same dimensions were then suspended in identical molten pools of a normally corrosive lithia-alumina-silica glass and held there for several days. After this period, the samples were removed and compared for their resistance to the corrosive and erosive action of the molten lithia-alumina-silicate glass.
Upon removal, the attack of the molten glass upon the untreated sample was clearly evident because of the substantial size reduction of the sample as well as'a substantial distortion of shape, including a rounding of the edges and sides of the brick. A cross-sectional cut was then made through the untreated brick and, under a magnification, it was noted that the internal pores were l l filled with glass. These glass filled pores thus indicate a substantial glass-refractory brick contact area which tends to increase the rate of internal refractory brick destruction. Additionally, it was noted that there was a l2 refractory brick sample of that example, other commercially available solid, porous insulating fire bricks composed of silicon and alumina were used. Additionally, instead of allowing the samples to soak in the solu substantial occurrence of glass-filled pores in the un- 5 tion while in the ambient environment, the soaking was treated brick having diameters of approximately l/ 16 done in a vacuum of about 27 inches Hg. The tables inch; this indicated that the pore size actually increased below summarize the density, porosity, dens1ficat1on during contact with the molten glass because prior to and pore reduction of the tire bricks after each of thesuspensioninto the molten glass, the pore size of the treatments. As will be readily apparent from these ta untreated brick was generally in the 50-100 micron bles, the dens1ty of these samples may be mcreased by range. A visual inspection of the molten glass, after as much as 125 percent or even more and the porosity cooling, in the general vicinity where the untreated decreased by as much as 59 percent or more. brick had been previously immersed showed a substan- While the b c ed In 11 example are lnsulatmg tial occurrence f Seeds 7 bucks wherein a relatlvely high porosity is desirable, i 5 the example does show the significant density increase The 8111c? lmpregnated buck. was then evaluated for and porosity decrease which can be effected in accor- 1ts propertles. An attack of this sample by the molten dance with this lnventlon. glass was not evident since there was no substant1al dis- EXA tortion in the brick shape nor was there any size reduc- MPLE IV tion. A cross-sectional cut of the silica impregnated Several hydrolyzed and partially condensed polysilibrick, under magnificat on, showed that no 1121 con compounds which are decomposable to pure silica TABLE Il A V v 7 28 1 2101!Fire Brick A. Before First Second Third Fourth Fifth Z Sixth treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment Density I (grams per cc.) .74 L04 1.26 [.42 1.53 1.61 1.68 Porosity (percent) 72.3 58.9 48.7 .4l.6 36.6 33.0 29.9 Densification (percent) 0 40.0 70.8 91.0 105.7 ll6.5 125.0 Pore reduction (percent) 0 18.6 32.7 42.5 49.4 54.4 58.6
TABLE III l yhi mafirefiliclcll Before First Second Third 7 Fourth Fifth Sixth treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment Density (grams per cc.) 1.13 1.38 1.57 1.70 l.78 1.83 1.88 Porosity (percent) 64.7 53.2 44.3 39.1 35.4 33.1 30.7 Densification (percent) 0 22.2 38.7 49.8 56.9 61.6 66.0 Pore reduction (percent) 0 17.8 30.8 39.6 45.3 48.9 52.5
penetrated into the internal pores of'the brick. No increase in the pore size was observed. Additionally, the number of seeds in the cooled molten glass in the general vicinity where the silica impregnated brick had been immersed was substantially and significantly less than the number of seeds observed in the glass where the untreated brick sample was immersed.
In passing, it will be noted that the treated refractory brick sample had its porosity decreased by about 29 percent. One skilled in the art would logically assume, therefore, that glass penetration would be decreased only by 29 percent. However, this was not the case since virtually no glass penetration took place. This is believed to be the result of an unexpected and significant change in the nature of the pores microstructure;
Thus, it will be clearly evident from the above that the impregnated brick produced according to the teachings of this invention showed significant improvement with regard to its resistance to the corrosive and erosive actionof molten glass.
EXAMPLE Ill The procedure of Example I was generally repeated with two modifications. lnstead of using the fused silica were prepared according to the general procedure of Example l-A. Everything was kept constant for each of the present reactions except the molar ratio of water to tetraethoxysilane. In Example l-A this molar ratio was about 1.8 to 1 whereas in the present runs, this ratio was varied from 0.5 to about 3.0 to 1.
Thus, the general procedure comprised: (a) heating a mixture of four moles (832 grams) of distilled tetraethoxysilane (tetra ethyl orthosilicate), 540 grams of anhydrous isopropanol, water and 10 parts per million l-lCl, to about C. and then refluxing the mixture for two hours (b) concentrating the resulting solution by vaporizing sufficient amounts of the solvent to produce a solution containing 35 percent by weight of theoretical equivalent silica. Since tetraethoxysilane has a theoretical equivalent silica content of about 28.8 percent, this means the solution theoretically contains about 240 grams of equivalent silica. Consequently, concentration was done until there remained about 687 grams of solution.
After these solutions of a hydrolyzed and condensed ethyl silicate were obtained, equal aliquots thereof were allowed to set in the open air until all the solvent evaporated and then the residual decomposable compounds were totally decomposed to silica by heating in a 600 C. furnace.
The amount of silica obtained by this technique was then compared against the theoretical obtainable silica and the actual yield detennined. Table IV below summarizes the results.
TABLE IV Molar Ratio of Water to Tetraethoxysilane Yield of SiO; in of Theoretical Recovery It will thus be seen that below molar ratios of about 1.5 to 1 low yields of silica are obtained relative to the nearly l00 percent yield obtained by using molar ratios in excess of about 1.5:1. A tendency of the 35 percent solutions to gel after setting for extended periods in stoppered receptacles was noted for those runs in which the molar ratio of water to tetraethoxysilane exceeded 2.25 to l.
EXAMPLE V A commercially available hydrolyzed and condensed ethyl silicate polymer which contained about 40 percent equivalent silica was added to anhydrous ethanol to produce a gel-free solution having a concentration of about 33 percent by weight equivalent silica. This solution was then used in lieu of the solution prepared in Example I-A, and the procedures of Examples l-A, ll and Ill repeated. In all cases, the results were substantially identical to those set forth in these examples.
EXAMPLE VI EXAMPLE vi] The following procedure was employed to determine the effectiveness of brick densification and pore reduction by impregnating the brick with silica from a colloidal dispersion (See US. Pat. No. 3,236,665). These types of dispersions are variously referred to in the arts as physical solutions; sols, emulsions, or suspensoids and are distinguished from a true solution because they have solids suspended or dispersed in a dispersing medium.
Finely divided commercially available silica having a particle size of .015 .020 micron was then used to prepare an aqueous colloidal silica containing 30 percent by weight SiO the'colloidal silica being prepared by adding the finely divided silica to water containing a trace of NH as a stabilizer followed by vigorous agitation. This produced a thick, pasty-consistency product. One side of a brick sample like that of Example 1, that is, a brick composed of 99+ percent fused silica having a density of about 1.82 grams per cc and a porosity of about 17.6 percent, was kept in contact with the above produced pasty-consistency colloidal silica composition for about two hours. After this, drying of the brick was effected and the brick examined for impregnation. The treated side of the brick showed no internal impregnation with silica. Only a very loosely adhered surface layer of Si0 remained.
The foregoing thus indicates that, for some unknown reason, colloidal silica will not effectively impregnate or penetrate the refractory throughout its entire thickness.
EXAMPLE VlIl A commercially available hydrolyzed and condensed ethyl silicate which contained about 40 percent equivalent silica was added to anhydrous ethanol to produce a gel-free solution having a final concentration of about 33 percent by weight of equivalent silica. Into this solution there was then placed a prefabricated 1 lb. solid porous crucible (containing about 96 percent fused silica and being manufactured by a slip-casting technique) and the crucible allowed to set and remain in this solution for a period of about 18 hours. The crucible was then removed and allowed to set in the ambient environment for a sufficient time for the ethanol solvent to evaporate, thus producing a crucible which had been impregnated throughout its entire thickness with a decomposable, hydrolyzed and condensed ethyl silicate polymer. The polymer was then decomposed to silica by heating the crucible in air according to the following schedule: heating to about 325 C. within a period of about five hours, holding that temperature level for about five hours and then heating the crucible to about 600 C. and holding the latter temperature level for a sufficient amount of time to effect a total decomposition to silica. After this treatment, the identical procedure was repeated two more times to further densify the crucible and reduce the porosity thereof.
An identical lithia-alumina-silica glass batch composition was placed in the crucible as treated above and in an identical untreated crucible. These compositions were then melted and cooled under identical conditions. It was found, after cooling, that the glass produced in the treated crucible contained a substantially smaller number of seeds than did the glass manufactured in the untreated crucible. Thus, the above indicates that the bleeding tendency of a porous crucible is greatly decreased by its having been impregnated with amorphous silica according to the procedure of this invention.
According to one feature of this invention, the refractory structure, which is impregnated with and has had the decomposable polysilicon compound deposited throughout the entire thickness thereof, may be employed according to well known procedures in a newly fabricated or refabricated melting furnace as a wall or floor component which ultimately will be in contact with molten glass, and the decomposition of the decomposable polysilicon compound to silica is effected during heat-up of the melting furnace.
As indicated hereinbefore, in certain instances it may be desirable to employ successive treatments to produce a higher degree of silica impregnation. Thus, in this case, the solution treatment is first employed to impregnate the refractory structure throughout its entire thickness with the decomposable polysilicon com pound and the compound is then decomposed by heating to procude a silica impregnated refractory structure; this silica-impregnated refractory structure may then again be successively subjected to the same procedure, to effect further silica impregnation, followed by the hereinafter described operation or it may immediately be so used without repeating the same procedure. The refractory structure having silica impregnated throughout its entire thickness is then again impregnated by solution treatment with the polysilicon com- .pound, thereby producing a refractory structure which is impregnated throughout its entire thickness with a mixture of both silica and the polysilicon compound which is decomposable to silica, the presence of the latter compound being attributable to the immediately preceding solution treatment and the presence of the former to the preceding decomposition step. The mixture-impregnated refractory structure, after drying toremove the solvent of the solution, is then employed in the fabrication of a melting furnace as a component thereof which will be in ultimate contact with molten glass and the final decomposition of the polysilicon compound to silica effected during heat-up of the furnace. Since these silica impregnated bricks have improved resistance to the destructive action of molten, refractory destroying glass compositions, a furnace constructed of these bricks has an improved useful life.
As used in the appended claims, the term molten glass contacting location means a location, whether as part of a furnace wall, floor, lining or the like, in a newly constructed, reconstructed or rebuilt glass melting furnace which, when the furnace is in operation, will be in contact with a pool of molten glass. Obviously, the term melting furnace includes not only the melter per se,,but also appendant auxiliaries such as the refiner, forehearth, feeder bowl and the like. Similarly,
the term "glass is intended to comprehend not only vitreous compositions but also devitrifiable compositions.
While the invention has been described above with particularity, it will, of course, be apparent that modifications may be made which, pursuant to the patent statutes and laws, do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention.
I claim:
1. In a method which comprises positioning a plurality of solid, porous, structurally stable silica refractory bricks, having a porosity of about 8 to about percent and a density of about 1.7 to 2 grams per cubic centimeter, in a glass melting furnace at a molten glass coni6 tacting location therein and heating said furnace to its normal operating temperature to melt glass, the improvement which comprises increasing the resistance of said silica refractory bricks to the corrosive and errosive action of molten glass by saturating said silica refractory bricks prior to said positioning into the furnace with a substantially gel-free solution consisting essentially of a hydrolyzed and condensed compound of the formula SiX wherein X is a halide or an OR group in which R is an alkyl or aryl group of less than about 8 carbon atoms, evaporating the solvent of said solution and heating said hydrolyzed and condensed compound and said bricks to a temperature of about 300C to about 375C within a period of time not to exceed about one day, maintaining a temperature of about 300C to 375C for at least about 3 hours and heating to at least about 500C and holding said temperature for a sufficient time to effect 5 substantially total decomposition of said compound to silica, and to impregnate said brick throughout its entire thickness with silica thereby decreasing the porosityand increasing the density of said silica refractory brick.
2. The improvement of claim 1 wherein X is an OR group with R being an alkyl of one to eight carbon atoms.
3. The improvement of claim 2 wherein said polysilicon compound is a hydrolyzed and condensed ethyl silicate polymer.
4. In a method which comprises positioning a plurality of solid, porous, structurally-stablesilica refractory bricks having a porosity of about 8 to about 20 percent and a density of about 1.7 to 2 grams per cubic centimeter in a glass melting furnace at a molten glass contacting location therein and heating said furnace to its normal operating temperature to melt glass, the improvement which comprises increasing the resistance of said-refractory bricks to the corrosive and errosive action of molten glass by introducing into the pores of said bricks throughout their entire thickness a substantially gel-free solution consisting essentially of a hydrolyzed and condensed compound of the formula SiX, wherein X is a halide 'or an OR group in which R is an alkyl or aryl group of less than about 8 carbon atoms, said introduction being prior to positioning said bricks in said melting furnace, and further wherein said hydrolyzed and condensed compound is heated during said heating of said furnace to its normal operating temperature as follows: heating to a temperature of about 300C to about 375C within a period of time not to exceed about one day, maintaining a temperature of about 300C to 375C for at least about 3 hours and heating to at least about 500C and holding this temperature for a sufficient time to effect a decomposition of said compound to silica and thereby deposit silica into the pores of said bricks substantially throughout its entire thickness and increase the porosity in density of said bricks.
5. The improvement of claim 4 wherein said compound is ethyl silicate.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 5,816,163 Dated June ll, 1974 Inventor(s) Bulent E. Yoldas It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
On the title page in column 2 no drawing" should read Drawing, One sheet Column 3, line 62 "reacton" should read reaction Table l, in column 9 and 10, and Tables 2 and 5,
in columns 11 and 12, the word after should appear before "first", "second", "third", fourth", "fifth", and "sixth", respectively.
Add the attached drawing.
Signed and sealed this 13th day of May 1975.
(SEAL) Attest:
C. MARSHALL DANN RUTH C. MASON Commissioner of Patents Attesting Officer and Trademarks F ORM PC3-1050 (10-69) USCOMM-DC 6O376-P69 lLS. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE I9! 0-866-334,
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 12, 1953
|May 14, 1957
|United States Steel Corp
|Furnace lining
|Oct 20, 1952
|Jul 16, 1957
|Monsanto Chemicals
|Ethyl silicate
|Jun 20, 1960
|Mar 26, 1963
|Union Carbide Corp
|Furnace lining brick
|Nov 23, 1960
|Nov 12, 1963
|Philadelphia Quartz Co
|Organic silicate materials
|Aug 21, 1961
|Aug 25, 1964
|Philadelphia Quartz Co
|Organic silicates
|Nov 22, 1963
|Jan 4, 1966
|Harbison Walker Refractories
|Investment molding using refractory material and certain organic bases
|Jan 16, 1964
|Feb 22, 1966
|Harbison Walker Refractories
|Silica refractory
|Nov 5, 1963
|Sep 6, 1966
|Philadelphia Quartz Co
|Shell mould process
|Nov 5, 1963
|Dec 20, 1966
|Philadelphia Quartz Co
|Method of making shell moulds
|Nov 19, 1969
|Aug 1, 1972
|Owens Illinois Inc
|Refractory article and method for producing same
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 4, 1978
|Oct 28, 1980
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Decreasing the porosity and surface roughness of ceramic substrates
|Dec 23, 1982
|Sep 18, 1984
|Dow Corning Corporation
|Carbon-containing monolithic glasses and ceramics prepared by a sol-gel process
|Sep 26, 1983
|Dec 11, 1984
|Owens-Illinois, Inc.
|Method of sealing glass furnaces to prevent air leakage
|Feb 24, 1987
|Aug 23, 1988
|Hoechst Celanese Corporation
|Porous glass monoliths
|Jun 7, 1995
|Oct 14, 1997
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Integrated circuits formed in radiation sensitive material and method of forming same
|Sep 28, 1990
|Nov 18, 1997
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Integrated circuits, transistors, data processing systems, printed wiring boards, digital computers, smart power devices, and processes of manufacture
|Jun 7, 1995
|Nov 25, 1997
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Integrated circuits formed in radiation sensitive material and method of forming same
|Jun 6, 1997
|Aug 24, 1999
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Integrated circuits formed in radiation sensitive material and method of forming same
|Mar 12, 1999
|Jan 16, 2001
|Northrop Grumman Corporation
|Method of fabricating abrasion resistant ceramic insulation tile
|Jun 7, 1995
|Jun 12, 2001
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Integrated circuits, transistors, data processing systems, printed wiring boards, digital computers, smart power devices, and processes of manufacture
|Jul 23, 2004
|Jan 26, 2006
|Pearson Laurence T
|Monolithic composition and method
|Dec 17, 1984
|Apr 8, 1986
|Dow Corning Corporation
|Carbon-containing monolithic glasses and ceramics prepared by a sol-gel process
|U.S. Classification
|427/226, 501/133, 65/374.1, 65/324, 428/540, 106/38.35, 264/30, 106/38.3
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 14, 1987
Owner name: OWENS-ILLINOIS GLASS CONTAINER INC., ONE SEAGATE,
Free format text: ASSIGNS AS OF APRIL 15, 1987 THE ENTIRE INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OWENS-ILLINOIS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004869/0922
Effective date: 19870323
Owner name: OWENS-ILLINOIS GLASS CONTAINER INC.,OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNS AS OF APRIL 15, 1987 THE ENTIRE INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OWENS-ILLINOIS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:4869/922


text:
A 38-year-old man told police that he was making a religious statement Sunday morning when he decapitated a statue of Jesus Christ outside a downtown Charleston church.
Charles Jeffrey Short of Beltline Boulevard in Columbia was arrested near Sacred Heart Catholic Church as he carried a sledgehammer in his backpack, an incident report stated.
When an officer asked him about the vandalism at 888 King St., Short said he had hammered a statue six or seven times because the Ten Commandments bar the public display of any image depicting people, according to the report.
With Short being held Monday in lieu of $2,130 bail on a charge of malicious injury to real property, the police were looking into whether he was involved in a similar assault on a church statue days earlier. He was expected to appear Tuesday morning in municipal court.
He had one prior arrest in South Carolina, according to the State Law Enforcement Division. Police in Forest Acres near Columbia charged him in 2009 with simple assault and malicious injury to personal property, but a judge acquitted him in a trial.
After Short's most recent arrest, the Catholic Diocese of Charleston declined through spokeswoman Maria Aselage to comment on his religious sentiment.
Detectives were investigating whether the vandalism was related to a similar scene found at the same church Friday morning, police spokesman Charles Francis said.
In that episode, someone lopped off two heads and some hands in a statue depicting Christ and a child, a police report stated. It was made of marble and had been outside the church since 1996, Aselage said.
A church official estimated that it was worth about $5,000, according to the report.
He told the police that the statue had been intact Thursday night. When he showed up early Friday, though, the damage had been done.
But when it happened again around 5:45 a.m. Sunday to a different statue, two people quickly flagged down a patrol officer.
They said a man who was walking eastward on the nearby Huger Street had just knocked off the statue's head, the report stated.
An officer confronted the pedestrian, who was later identified as Short, and asked where he had been. He pointed at the church, according to the report.
Short gave permission to search his backpack, where the officer found the Kobalt sledgehammer coated with a white residue.
After the officer's second attempt at explaining his right to remain silent, Short explained what he had done and why he had done it, the report stated.
He had battered the statue a half-dozen times "because the second or first commandment states to not make an image of a male or female to be on display to the public," the officer wrote in the report.
Aselage, the diocese spokeswoman, said the 6-foot concrete statue had shown the Sacred Heart of Jesus Christ, a devotion representing Christ's love for humanity.
While Aselage would not discuss Short's alleged statement, the Catholic Church has long been a target of criticism when it comes to its use of statues.
One of the Ten Commandments orders followers not to make any "graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above," according to the Book of Exodus in the King James Version of the Bible.
But to Charlotte resident Brian Kennelly, who was visiting Charleston last weekend, the site at the downtown church was disturbing. It drove him and his young son to buy flowers, which they placed at the statues' feet.
Reach Andrew Knapp at 937-5414 or twitter.com/offlede.
Charles Jeffrey Short, 38, of Columbia was arrested Sunday on charges that he knocked off the head of a statue of Jesus Christ at Sacred Heart Catholic Church in Charleston.×
A statue of Jesus Christ is covered up Monday after it was vandalized at Sacred Heart Catholic Church in downtown Charleston.×
- Keywords

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Star Tracks: Monday, May 16, 2016 42 years, 2,191 covers and 55,436 stories from PEOPLE magazine's history for you to enjoy
Latest News!
- The Royal Fab 4 Take Canada! William, Kate, George and Charlotte Touch Down for Their Big Tour
- Read the Cover Story: Brad & Angelina Split After 12 Years: It's Over
- No, Kim Kardashian West Is Not Voting for Donald Trump
- Donald Trump Threatens to Bring Bill Clinton's Former Mistress Gennifer Flowers to Presidential Debate
- FBI Unlikely to Proceed with Brad Pitt Child Abuse Investigation, Source Says
People Top 5
LAST UPDATE: Tuesday February 10, 2015 01:10PM EST
PEOPLE Top 5 are the most-viewed stories on the site over the past three days, updated every 60 minutes
- January 25, 1999
- Vol. 51
- No. 3
Observant viewers may wonder how billionaire business mogul Mort Zuckerman came to be cast as a homeless man in MGM's new film At First Sight, starring Val Kilmer and Mira Sorvino. In the movie, Kilmer and Sorvino pass a homeless man who yells, "What are you looking at?" The scene is so brief that director Irwin Winkler wanted a voice that would make a strong impression. "Mort's voice is piercing," says Winkler. "If you've ever heard Mort yell at somebody, you know he can attract a great deal of attention." Zuckerman loved the idea. "You're casting to type," he told Winkler. "You must have heard about my recent stock market losses." Zuckerman played his part so well, in fact, that when he returned to his limo late that night, still wearing his costume, his driver of 11 years, Casper, at first mistook him for a bum and tried to chase him away.
Billy Idol went nearly unrecognized at L.A.'s Sports Center Bowl, where the rocker recently turned up in gray sweats, sans makeup, leather, jewelry or hair mousse but with son Willem Wolfe, 10. The two bowled together in the far right lane, and when it was all over, father had beaten son 139 to 101. But it seems a rematch is in order. "I'm gonna kill you next time, I swear," promised Willem as they left the lanes.
Actress Laurie Holden, who plays Marita Covarrubias, Agent Mulder's United Nations contact on The X-Files, as well as Mary Travis on The Magnificent Seven, brought her favorite date to the 25th annual People's Choice Awards: Christina Moore, who portrays Amy Sweeny on Hyperion Bay. Holden says the two, who call each other Blondie, became friends in early '95, when Holden moved into the apartment building where Moore lived, and they've been inseparable ever since. In fact, when Moore moved in with her high school sweetheart, Holden found two apartments side by side so they could all be together. "The studio guys sometimes tell me I should stop showing up everywhere with my girlfriend," says Holden. "But I'm not dating anybody, and we have so much fun together, so why not?"
- Contributors:
- Hugh McCarten.
More in the Archive
Today's Photos
Treat Yourself! 4 Preview Issues
The most buzzed about stars this minute!


text:
Mesquite's boom-years police hires now nearing retirement
Mesquite's new police training academy is celebrating a successful start, graduating nine officers last Friday and 23 in its first two years. The city's foray into a dwindling pool of qualified police recruits will intensify, Chief Derek Rohde told his city council.
The city isn't losing trained officers to other departments like its neighbors, Dallas and Garland. Rohde said there are no significant morale issues. But officers will soon be leaving nonetheless, he predicts.
"Mesquite had huge growth in the late '80s and early '90s," the chief said. "Now, we're 25-30 years down the road and in police age, that's retirement."
Fifty-one officers, more than 22 percent of the Mesquite police force, are eligible to retire. Rohde said the department's history reflects an average retirement age of 52-53 and an average tenure of 24-25 years.
Mesquite's path to the recruiting pool may be unique, but the need for qualified recruits is universal. For every hundred applicants, few meet the standards for police work. And applications are down this year as an improving economy has led to more job availability in the private sector.
Furthermore, incidents in Ferguson, Mo., Baltimore and most recently, Waller County in Texas, have eroded at the public perception of police work as a noble calling.
"In this country right now, there seems to be an anti-police sentiment. So many groups out there are coming after police," Rohde said. "It's something that cops think about."
Those who are nonetheless opting for a career in law enforcement and are qualified are coveted by every department in Dallas-Fort Worth.
Mesquite has intensified its recruiting effort the last two years, Rohde said. There have been posts on church, military, police and collegiate websites, and personal appearances at just under 20 job fairs. The department has also put specific focus into recruiting at minority colleges in Texas and Louisiana.


text:
The first mile of innovation – that critical stretch when your idea moves from concept to the real world, where it will fly or fail. This is your guide through that perilous but promising terrain. Scott D. Anthony, managing partner of Innosight, shows how to navigate the uncertainty, learn from creative experimentation, and increase the odds of your new venture's success.
Scott D. Anthony is the managing partner of Innosight, a consulting and investment company that focuses on strategic transformation, disruptive change, and business model innovation. Based in the firm's Singapore offices since 2010, he has led Innosight's expansion into the Asia-Pacific region as well as its venture capital activities (Innosight Ventures). In his decade with Innosight, Scott has advised senior leaders in companies such as Procter & Gamble, Johnson & Johnson, SingTel, Kraft, General Electric, LG, the Ayala Group, and Cisco Systems on topics of growth and innovation. Read Scott's full bio here.
The First Mile is a deeply pragmatic and insightful playbook that every aspiring entrepreneur should read. I wish I had this book when I started building my company eight years ago.
I like this book a lot. Scott shows that while the probability of any specific business idea being successful is quite small, there is a set of principles and processes discussed in this book that are very reliable in building new businesses. They guide you away from strategies that won't work, toward those that will.
Scott Anthony offers a road map for systematically improving the odds of success by sharpening focus early in the process when resources are so dear. Make sure you use this book when you are ready to build.
The First Mile is a remarkable gift for anyone who wants to turn small bets into big wins. Scott Anthony shares what he does better than anyone else—combines the best innovation research, consulting experiences, tools, and inspiration into one book.
Starting a growth business within a large organization is a complex challenge. In The First Mile, Scott Anthony cuts through the complexity while offering immediately actionable and strategically insightful advice. His elegant writing will inspire and encourage you, and this book will help you and your company create a systematic approach for starting on the journey toward transformation.
Big corporations and start-ups share a common challenge: pushing their potentially game-changing innovations through the crucial first mile. It's a rough road, but reading Scott Anthony's book is a sure way for innovators to increase their odds of making it.
Our work with Scott Anthony and Innosight showed us how to transform our organization and seize tomorrow's opportunities. This book provides a roadmap to turn plans into reality. Required reading for leaders everywhere.
Scott Anthony has done it again. Reflecting his unique experience as a consultant, a student, and a practitioner of innovation, The First Mile is a valuable and practical guidebook that will help you significantly improve your innovation output.
If you've ever left a brainstorming meeting frustrated by a lack of follow-through ever wondered why it seems so hard to implement good new ideas, or ever seen promising projects wither away, buy this book. It will transform the way you approach innovation and dramatically enhance your innovation effectiveness.
There are so many unexpected things that can kill promising new ventures, and Scott Anthony has seen them all. In his trademark engaging style, he offers strategies for overcoming these early obstacles and powering through this important stage of innovation. An essential companion for any innovator's journey.
Humorous, painful, real. Life on the edge includes falling off and learning from the fall. The First Mile captures the essence of this concept with advice on how to learn more from each and every fall.
Get started today by downloading these helpful tools, templates and examples from the book:


text:
"2008 was the worst year of James Jackson Toth's life. It all began when, in the midst of an ill-fated and illconceived 57-day tour, his entire band - including his wife and partner of ten years - bailed, leaving Toth to finish the tour on his own. After that Toth suffered a driving-related arrest and subsequent evening in jail, split with both his manager and record label, discovered that even his meager record store job back home was no longer available, found his utility bills had doubled, and survived what he calls his "Bukowski Christmas." Clearly, he was being tested. The only music that made sense to him during this time was power electronics and the "Roadhouse" station on XM satellite radio. Born Bad is the product of these very dark days, an group of songs that, when presented to the label in demo form (as they appear here), was very likely the final nail in the coffin of Toth's relationship with said label. As for the run of personal hardship and extremely bad luck - well, Toth seems to be mostly over it all now, or at least well on his way. But the songs survive, as songs do." (label info) Co-released with Mad Monk, limited edition of 500 copies.
Go back


text:
Geiger Ernest D PT - South Bend, WA - Phone: (360) 875-5543
Washington Physical Therapy - South Bend, WA - Phone: (360) 875-5583
Sports Medicine, in South Bend, refers to the medical and scientific services provided to prevent, recognize and manage injuries related to sport, exercise and other recreational activities. Usually in every sports team, there is a Certified Athletic Trainer (ATC), who is a highly skilled professional specialized in the health care of physical activity. They are responsible for care & prevention of athletic injury. The common sports injuries include concussion, caused by severe head trauma where the brain moves violently within the skull so that brain cells all fire at once; muscle cramps, a sudden tight, intense pain caused by a muscle locked in spasm; ankle sprain, the ligaments that hold the ankle bones in place can easily be overstretched, etc.�
Governor Cuomo Announces Growth Of Clean Technology Companies And Creation Of 980 Jobs
$14 million Investment in Cleantech Business Incubator Initiative Supports the Development of 141 Clean Energy Companies across the State (Long Island, NY) Governor Andrew M. Cuomo today announced that 141 clean technology companies have been supported and primed for further growth through the Governor's Cleantech Business Incubator initiative. The initiative has attracted more than $215 million in private capital..


text:
Lomachenko Targets Unifications at Featherweight
By Edward Chaykovksy
WBO featherweight champion Vasyl Lomachenko (2-1, 1KO), fresh from his title victory over Gary Russell Jr., is now targeting the other world champions at his weight. His promoter, Top Rank, has mentioned the idea of having a tournament of fights over the next year or so. Top Rank also promotes WBA champion Nonito Donaire, WBA 'regular' champion Nicholas Walters and IBF champion Evgeny Gradovich.
"It was interesting [to hear that from Top Rank]. But in my opinion in professional boxing and all of these [sanctioning bodies] - you need to create a [singular] championship belt. At the Olympics, the World Cup around 60-70 boxers come in and they held a tournament. I understand that in professional boxing this is impossible because of fights being twelve rounds. But you can stretch this tournament for a year and a half. It would be interesting. And now I sound like a world champion, but I do not consider myself as such. I beat one boxer who never not boxed with any of the fighters at the top. To be the [undisputed] champion of the world - this is when all of the versions are unified, they make a [singular] belt, and you win it. Then you can consider yourself the best," Lomachenko said.
[QUOTE=hamada44;14727083]How is he duckin rigo when they fight at diff weights. Loma is a huge featherweight how do u expect him to move down to fight rigo what a doughtnut.[/QUOTE] [QUOTE=shadow-boxer;14727319]Idiot. It would be like ODLH-Pac fight. Loma will be…Comment by richardt on 07-05-2014
[[email protected];14726801]Donaire have to fight Walters soon, and Walters will KO him. I mean Doanire was getting outbox by Darchinyan who is a JBW for fvcks sake.[/QUOTE]Welcome to Boxing. Since you are new to the sport, look up triangle theories.Comment by shadow-boxer on 07-05-2014
[QUOTE=sugarsmosley;14727042][B]loma be duckin rigo, why aint he movin down for the megafight? also i think he roiding his dad looks supsicious[/QUOTE] Idiot. It would be like ODLH-Pac fight. Loma will be so emaciated that Rigo would easily win by TKO…Comment by TheGoodBoy on 07-04-2014
[QUOTE=sugarsmosley;14727040]He still shoundlt be no champ dude be 2-1 [B]gary russel had the flu n was depressed[/B] he aint even no1 anyway loma still a hypejob and [B]naw [U]i ant mad[/U] just real talk fel me[/B][/QUOTE] Ha Ha Ha Ha!Comment by Aztekkas on 07-04-2014
Feels unproven after winning title from a fellow prospect, damn… this guy is destined for greatness folks. He has the skill set but most importantly, the mind frame to reach greatness in a competitive sport that seems to lack it.Post a Comment - View More User Comments (25)


text:
Contact Us
Whether you're a parent, alumni, educator or someone interested in learning more about what we do, our management and creative team looks forward to hearing from you.
If you have inquiries about our programs or about your registration, contact Camp Broadway's Program Manager.
Phone: 212.575.2150
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
For press and marketing inquiries, contact Kerry Dineen, Community Engagement Manager.
Phone: 212.575.3103
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Our Address
Camp Broadway
1115 Broadway 10th floor, Suite 1054
New York, NY 10010
Fax: 212.997.7285


text:
BARCELONA, Spain (AP) — In his first season at Barcelona, there's been no escaping Neymar's public profile of selfies, tweets and big-money advertising campaigns. The message on the field, though, hasn't been quite so impressive.
The 22-year-old Brazilian, hyped as the heir to Pele, hasn't made the anticipated impact on European football following his blockbuster move from Santos.
Even his flamboyant hairstyles have been toned down.
In his first season at Barcelona, Neymar has scored 14 goals in 35 appearances. His famous teammate Lionel Messi has scored 36 goals in 34 matches.
Questions have been asked about Neymar's slight physique - he's 1.75 meters (5-foot-9) and weighs 64.5 kilograms (142 pounds) - and whether he's being played out of position. But Barcelona coach Gerardo Martino has been quick to reject such talk.
"Neymar may be more comfortable on the left than the right, but Barcelona players are good enough to play in any position," Martino said. "I try to bring all the players together in the best way. Neymar is comfortable playing in any three of the attacking positions."
Neymar appears to be struggling against sturdier and quicker defenders in the Spanish league compared to teams back home in Brazil. In Spain, his reputation does not appear to have paralyzed defenses as it did back home. And being constantly compared to Messi is hard for any player.
"I think too much is expected of Neymar," said Daniel Alves, a teammate for both Barcelona and Brazil and regular face in the selfies. "The abnormal thing would be a quick adaptation to European football. Football here is quicker and better organized.
"But the attacks on him started with all the talk about the contract. Before that everybody was happy."
Neymar's 57 million euro ($74 million) transfer last year quickly went sour as the price tag grew to 100 million euros ($138 million). That cost Barcelona president Sandro Rosell his job and put the Catalan club under investigation for tax fraud, leading to damaging public scrutiny of Neymar and his father, also his agent.
The public discussion over his contract and reports that 40 million euros ($55 million) of the transfer went straight into his father's bank account has had an effect, as Neymar lost his cool and attacked critics on social media earlier this year.
"I am sick and tired of this (...) I've had enough of all this talk," Neymar wrote. "I am a fan of my dad for having put me where I am, and if he makes millions from that, what's the big deal? He worked for it, it didn't just fall in his lap."
Neymar arrived at Barcelona accompanied by a repertoire of mesmerizing skill and moves, dazzling goals, and a bright and brash personality. The best paid athlete in Brazil has 10.1 million followers on Twitter and more than 4.3 million on Instragram, where he recently posted photos taken with superstar model Gisele Bundchen for Vogue Magazine.
Neymar was reportedly made the club's highest earner, ahead of even four-time Ballon d'Or winner Messi, causing tension in the locker room and increasing expectations from demanding fans.
Ex-Barcelona player and manager Johan Cruyff, dissecting Barca's problems this season, pinned it firmly on Neymar.
"Barca has one problem, and it's that a 21-year-old player is making more than those who have won everything for the club. At 21, nobody is God and that's a problem for Barca and the player."
Neymar was 21 when Cruyff made the comments.
"If you are not concentrated at this level, then you need to find the way because we are at a crucial moment in the season," Alves said ahead of Tuesday's Champions League quarterfinal match against Atletico Madrid. "Mentally, he seems fine to me, motivated. When people start talking stupidities about your father, it's normal to get upset. But to be a football player you have to separate your personal life and your work."
"Every day you have to show people more, every game you have to show what you can bring. If not, you get left behind," Alves said. "Only the best are remembered."
Follow Paul Logothetis on Twitter: www.twitter.com/PaulLogoAP


text:
Quote Keeley: Maxiefan ~ I just watched today's episode on tape and this was absolutely my favorite part! :-) They were smiling, teasing, and you just knew that both of them loved every minute. It is so cute, because earlier he was going to cook for her... and then she ends up making him this little snack! Let's see, in the last two days, Victoria has ended up only wearing the last two shirts Billy was wearing! I hope she can't stay away...or he can't stay away. They just can't! It was obvious they both were sad to hear that the marriage was not legal, but neither one can admit it. ~) More to come! :) Yay!! :-) :-) :-) ♥
Quote athorn: I was very sad also yesterday when they found out the marriage was not legal and they act so well together you could tell they were also. I hope this does not drag out I want to see them together.
Keely I could do the whole hour of them also.
I do not even know if I will watch today because I did not see anything about them being on :( However I am sure I will but I will probley have my finger attached to the ff button. Sad I love the show just not the dragging out of everything.
Return to "The Young and the Restless"
Users browsing this forum: alexahouse, Bing [Bot], snakeye, Sunnyflower and 1 guest


text:
First Update (10/4/13)
Investigators with the Cordele Police Department say that Harvey was picked up about 8:00 a.m.
Initial Story
Cordele police need your help finding a suspect wanted in connection to multiple burglaries in the area.
Officers are looking for 17-year-old Deryan Harvey, who is wanted on charges of burglary and escape.
He is a black male standing 5'11" and weighing 165 pounds.
If you have any information on the whereabouts of Harvey, contact the Cordele Police Department at 276-2921.


text:
Green Acres, the state-run program responsible for preserving open space and restoring historical landmarks, has once again run out of money, according to a report on NorthJersey.com.
The fund recently dedicated the last of the $400 million it had been granted by voters in a 2009 referendum, the report said. Conservationists in the state are hoping the program, which has protected nearly 640,000 acres since its creation in 1961, can find a more stable source of funding than voter-approved bonds.
Supporters say a dedicated funding source, such as a surcharge on water consumption or portion of the sales tax, would help the entire state because municipalities rely on Green Acres matching funds to undertake important conservation projects.
But opponents argue that many funding ideas are akin to levying taxes on citizens, which they say will damage the state's fragile economy, according to the report.
Green Acres saw a decade of steady support starting in 1998, the report said, when $98 million a year in sales tax was dedicated to the trust. But in 2009, it was decided that the $98 million in annual funds was to be used solely for paying off debt through 2029.
All 13 ballot questions about Green Acres presented to New Jersey voters have passed, but the margins grow thinner each time, the report said. The $400 million bond approved in 2009 only received 53 percent support, down from the 2-1 approval ratio the program once enjoyed.
• Mercer County Freeholders vote to put open space tax on the ballot
• Washington Township council votes to change open space tax code
• Morris County freeholders set aside $4M to preserve 84 acres of open space


text:
The Leading eBooks Store Online
3,667,858 members ⚫ 1,180,414 ebooks
New to eBooks.com?Learn more
- Bestsellers - This Week
- Foreign Language Study
- Pets
- Bestsellers - Last 6 months
- Games
- Philosophy
- Archaeology
- Gardening
- Photography
- Architecture
- Graphic Books
- Poetry
- Art
- Health & Fitness
- Political Science
- Biography & Autobiography
- History
- Psychology & Psychiatry
- Body Mind & Spirit
- House & Home
- Reference
- Business & Economics
- Humor
- Religion
- Children's & Young Adult Fiction
- Juvenile Nonfiction
- Romance
- Computers
- Language Arts & Disciplines
- Science
- Crafts & Hobbies
- Law
- Science Fiction
- Current Events
- Literary Collections
- Self-Help
- Drama
- Literary Criticism
- Sex
- Education
- Literary Fiction
- Social Science
- The Environment
- Mathematics
- Sports & Recreation
- Family & Relationships
- Media
- Study Aids
- Fantasy
- Medical
- Technology
- Fiction
- Music
- Transportation
- Folklore & Mythology
- Nature
- Travel
- Food and Wine
- Performing Arts
- True Crime
- Foreign Language Books
Advanced Techniques in Dermatologic SurgeryCRC Press 2006; US$ 209.95
Compiled by seasoned experts in the field, this reference provides clear guidance on the basic principles, procedures, and complications involved in advanced dermatologic surgery-offering detailed coverage of filling substances, fat transfer techniques, and the latest laser technologies. more...
Auditory Sound TransmissionTaylor and Francis 2002; US$ 54.95
Auditory Sound Transmission provides an integrated, state-of-the-art description and quantitative analysis of sound transmission from the outer ear to the sensory cells in the cochlea of the inner ear. It describes in detail the structures and mechanisms involved and gives their input and transmission characteristics. It shows how sound transmission... more...
Cavernous SinusSpringer Vienna 2009; US$ 299.00
Professor Dolenc edited the first comprehensive and up-to-date text dealing with the cavernous sinus. Now, twenty years later, the same author edits a new volume with articles by specialists in the topic presenting the state-of-the-art in this technology. more...
Clinical Maxillary Sinus Elevation SurgeryWiley 2014; US$ 99.99 US$ 86.66
Maxillary sinus elevation, followed by placement of a wide variety of grafting materials, has been the generally accepted surgical protocol for the development of bone in the sinus cavity. Over the years, various techniques have been proposed for maxillary sinus elevation, which differ in surgical approach, bone graft materials, and advanced technology... more...
Common ColdF+W Media 2012; US$ 2.99 US$ 2.45
For parents, few experiences provoke more anxiety than the thought of a sick child. The Everything� Healthy Living Series is here to help. These concise, thoughtful guides offer the expert advice and the latest medical information you need to understand your child?s ailments and provide the best possible care. Childhood illnesses are inevitable; the... more...
Common ColdBirkh�user Basel 2009; US$ 168.47
The common cold is as baffling as it is common. This book covers a wide range of topics surrounding the cold, everything from our ancestors? view of the disease to why and how we sneeze to a discussion of over-the-counter medicines and alternative treatments. more...
Diseases of the SinusesSpringer New York 2014; US$ 209.00
Diseases of the Sinuses: A Comprehensive Textbook of Diagnosis and Treatment, 2nd Edition, offers the definitive source of information about the basic science of the sinuses and the clinical approach to sinusitis. Since the widely praised publication of the first edition, understanding of sinus disease has changed dramatically, mainly as a result... more...
Dural Cavernous Sinus FistulasSpringer Berlin Heidelberg 2010; US$ 149.00
This volume provides a guide to the diagnosis and minimal invasive treatment of DCSFs. After sections on anatomy and classification, etiology and pathogenesis of DCSFs, the symptomatology of the disease is detailed, as well as the diagnostic role of imaging. more...
Endoscopic Sinus SurgerySpringer Vienna 2012; US$ 299.00
Advances in endoscopic sinus surgery have led to development of applications never imagined before for treating both adult and pediatric patients with sinus disease. Since 1925, when Maltz introduced for the first time a telescope in the nose, an incredible diag� nostic tool was born; Since then, European and American visionares such as Kennedy, adopted... more...
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Dissection ManualCRC Press 2002; US$ 125.95
This reference presents effective strategies to locate key anatomical structures during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS)-offering proven methods to determine location when facing complications and distortions in tissues of the ear, nose, and throat due to inflammation, prior treatment, and disease. Contains a CD-ROM providing color photographs of each... more...


text:
XE Market Analysis: Asia - Sep 26, 2016By: XE Market Analysis
Risk-off conditions weighed on the dollar through the N.Y. morning session on Monday, though the unit bounced some following the London close. USD-JPY remained heavy into the close however, printing 100.25 lows. EUR-USD topped at 1.1279, though eased back under 1.1260, with the announcement of Italy's constitutional referendum (December 4) prompting some position squaring. Read more


text:
before this opens down 70% in December
stay away
Glad to see your handlers let you out of the straight jacket a couple times a day, so you don't lose your cutting edge perception on the hundreds of Yahoo boards you post on. Must take a massive sweep each hour of all the data available on all these different stocks with a supercomputer to keep us up to date, so that we can form an educated opinion. We as investors thank you profusely for all your effort on our behalf. Your efforts to kickstart this stock in particular don't go unnoticed. Funny thing, since you showed up again, the stock seems to be moving in the opposite direction of your intended direction. Dang it. Some things just never work out the way they were intended.
Sentiment: Strong Buy


text:
- New Opportunities, Inc.
- Hawkeye Area Community Action Program
- Community Action of Eastern Iowa
- MATURA Action Corporation
- Mid-Iowa Community Action
- Mid-Sioux Opportunity
- North Iowa Community Action Organization
- Northeast Iowa Community Action Corporation
- Operation: New View Community Action Agency
- Operation Threshold
- IMPACT Community Action Partnership
- South Central Iowa Community Action Program
- Community Action of Southeast Iowa
- Southern Iowa Economic Development Association
- Upper Des Moines Opportunity, Inc.
- West Central Community Action
- Community Action Agency of Siouxland
Mid-Sioux Moments Newsletter - September 2016
Monday, September 12, 2016
Child Care Resource & Referral Fiscal Year 2016 Annual Report
Friday, September 9, 2016
Ernst Talks Poverty Solutions
Tuesday, August 30, 2016
Mid-Sioux Moment's Newsletter
Tuesday, July 19, 2016
June Mid-Sioux Newsletter
Tuesday, June 21, 2016
Executive ICAA Meeting
Monday, September 26, 2016 14:45 PM
Rock Valley WIC Clinic
Tuesday, September 27, 2016
2016 NASCSP Annual Training Conference
Tuesday, September 27, 2016
Hawarden WIC Clinic
Wednesday, September 28, 2016
Mid-Sioux Board of Director's Meeting
Wednesday, September 28, 2016 9:00 AM
Last year 1,905 Iowa families reduced their heating costs through weatherization programs, and 14,363 families received financial support for emergency energy assistance (Read More).
Boone County Center
606 Greene, Boone, IA 50036 Phone: 515-432-5052
Email: email@example.com
Housing - Safe and affordable housing for low-income families and individuals.
Low-Income Home Energy Assistance - Aids qualifying low-income households in the payment of a portion of their residential heating costs for the winter heating season.
Food Pantry - Provides food staples in emergency situations.
School Supplies - Provides school supplies for youth, grades K-12.
RAYS - provides financial assistance for low-income youth to be able to participate in extracurricular activities.
Holiday Gift Basket - Provides a meal for low-income households on the holiday.
Emergency Crisis Intervention - Assistance for repair/replacement of furnaces. Purchases heaters, blankets, fans and air conditioners.
Emergency Utility and Rent Assistance - Assistance with eviction notices and utility disconnects through direct payments to landlord/vendor.
Weatherization - Workers perform energy audit and weatherize homes with insulation, caulking, inefficient appliance replacement and furnace repair and replacement.
Utility Assistance - Utility Company customer contributions help low-income customers pay their bills
FaDSS - Referrals to family development program
Lifeline Phone Assistance - Assistance completing applications
Aging Resources - Applications and referrals for advocacy and financial assistance for the elderly
Lions Club - Referrals for free eye care and glasses
Suit Yourself - Provides new or gently used suits to qualified applicants
Embrace Iowa - Apply for Des Moines Register Christmastime program
LIS - Low income subsidy assists low income elderly and/or disabled individuals pay for Medicare Part D costs
Backpack Buddies - Assists low income youth with supplemental food


text:
The JW Q&A
A Rabbi's World
Culture View
The JW Q&A
A Rabbi's World
The JW Q&A
Culture View
A Rabbi's World
The JW Q&A
First Person
Q: This may sound weird, but I think my neighbor is cruel to his pet beagle. I know that if this was a person we were talking about, Jewish law would obligate me to go to the authorities. But this is a DOG. What's my obligation here?
A. You need to pursue this. I say this not merely because I am life-long pet-o-phile, a vegetarian with two cuddly standard poodles. I say this also because it is the right thing to do. Jewish culture has long championed animal rights.
The Torah could not be more explicit when it instructs us (Exodus 23:5) to assist the animal of your enemy.
In that verse, the animal is a donkey that has been mistreated, presumably by its owner. Based on this law, the rabbis established the concept of "tza'ar ba'ale hayyim," calling on us to minimize the suffering of all living creatures, literally to "feel their pain" in a Bill Clinton sort of way.
Jews have a long history of opposing such activities as hunting for sport or cockfighting. The Talmud goes as far as to state that even the person who sits in the stadium to watch this kind of event spills blood. We should refrain from eating until we've fed our animals and we are not permitted to buy cattle beasts or birds unless we can adequately care for them.
Animals even get to observe Shabbat, during which we are prohibited from placing any burden at all on them. A full chapter of the Shulchan Aruch deals with this. A nice summary of the Jewish view on animal rights can be found here.
The ASPCA web site details how to determine if abuse is really taking place and what you need to do about it. The Michael Vick case has sensitized us all to the need for vigilance against animal abuse, and the first line of defense is the neighbors. The Humane Society of the United States even has a dog fighting tip line - although it likely won't be relevant with a pet beagle. American Jews have had an animal rights scandal all our own, the inhumane conditions discovered at the now-bankrupt Agriprocessors plant.
Western society has come a long way in its sensitivity toward animals (in Elizabethan England, for instance, bloody dog fights were ubiquitous), but we've a long way to go.
So if your suspicions are well grounded, you've got to do something.
Rabbi Joshua Hammerman is spiritual leader of Temple Beth El in Stamford, CT. Read his blog here, and follow him on Twitter.
Have an ethical dilemma? Email Rabbi Hammerman at firstname.lastname@example.com
Signup for our weekly email newsletter here.
Check out the Jewish Week's Facebook page and become a fan! And follow the Jewish Week on Twitter: start here.
Last Update:
Add comment
Comment Guidelines
The Jewish Week feels comments create a valuable conversation and wants to feature your thoughts on our website. To make everyone feel welcome, we won't publish comments that are profane, irrelevant, promotional or make personal attacks.


text:
Prime-time TV star on board for industry event of the year
Plans are well underway and excitement is already building for the Health Insurance Awards 2016 – and we can now officially reveal the identity of the celebrity host at the industry's premier event.
National TV star Stephen Mulhern will be taking to the stage for the gala ceremony at the Grosvenor House Hotel on London's Park Lane, where he will entertain around 900 of the health and protection sector's movers and shakers and hand out awards to recognise industry excellence.
Stephen will be handing out awards to recognise excellence in the intermediary and provider communities across a range of categories. The voting and entry process is well underway for this year's event – to find out how you can be in with a chance of winning and taking to the stage with Stephen, click here.
The black tie event takes place on October 13 – for information about how you can attend or book a table to host clients and colleagues click here.
It's certain to be a night to remember – and with Stephen Mulhern hosting the evening, it's sure to be plenty of fun too. Don't miss out!
To read more about Stephen click here.
We have published a new cookie policy. It explains what cookies are and how they we use them on our site. To learn more about cookies and their benefits, please take a look at our cookie policy.
Please be aware that parts of the site will not function as intended without cookies.
By closing this message, you consent to our use of cookies on this device in accordance with our cookie policy unless you have disabled them.


text:
Festive Flag Wavers Cake
Additional Information
Step 1
Two days in advance: Make cookies. Prepare and roll out dough. Cut 5 bodies using largest star cutter and 5 heads using smallest round cutter from 101 Cutter Set. Bake and cool cookies.
Step 2
Decorate cookies with royal icing. Spatula ice all in light copper. Place on waxed paper to decorate.
Step 3
For heads, use tip 3 to pipe dot eyes, dot nose and outline mouth. Pipe hair using swirls, lines and pull-out dots; add tip 3 dot barrettes and pull-out bow.
Step 4
For bodies, use tip 16 to pipe green star shirt; outline and fill in other shirts and pants (smooth with finger dipped in cornstarch). Add tip 3 dot, line and zigzag trims. Pipe tip 12 bead shoes. Pipe tip 5 dot hands and position flag picks; pipe tip 3 pull-out fingers. Let dry overnight.
Step 5
Attach heads to bodies with royal icing. Let dry overnight.
Step 6
Bake and cool 1-layer star cake. Ice smooth. Pipe tip 21 star bottom border.
Step 7
Use icing dots to attach cookies, letting heads extend slightly beyond cake points. Print tip 3 message; add sprinkles.
This item is currently not available.
Lemon Yellow Icing Color
Orange Icing Color
Kelly Green Icing Color
Royal Blue Icing Color
Brown Icing Color
Black Icing Color
Red-Red Icing Color
Copper Icing Color
Meringue Powder
In Stock (ships in 1-2 business days)
In Stock (ships in 1-2 business days)
In Stock (ships in 1-2 business days)
In Stock (ships in 1-2 business days)
In Stock (ships in 1-2 business days)
In Stock (ships in 1-2 business days)
In Stock (ships in 1-2 business days)
In Stock (ships in 1-2 business days)
Cooling Grid
Cookie Sheet
Fanci-Foil Wrap
Cake Board
Waxed paper
Add that special touch to your cake with your special someone´s name.
The star tip creates the most popular, easily accomplished decorations! The serrated edges of the star tip makes ridges in the icing as you squeeze it out. Use for borders, details such as buttons and facial features, flower centers, filling in cakes baked in shaped pans.
The Zigzag is a popular way to fill in outlined areas, perfect for ribbed sweater and cuff effects. You can also use tight zigzags to cover the entire side of your cake—they look great!
The bead shape makes impressive borders outlines and accents on letters and designs; also a cute trim on clothing and gingerbread houses. The basis for making piped hearts and figure piping.
Pipe dots for flower centers, faces, figure piping and border effects. When making large dots, lift the tip as you squeeze to allow icing to fill out completely.
Characters or designs are often outlined first, then piped in with stars or zigzags. Outlines can also be used for facial features.
Item(s) added to the shopping cart!View Shopping Cart Continue Shopping
Item(s) added to your Favorites!View Favorites Continue Shopping
You Might Also Like
Proclaim America?s greatness with a #1 Pan cake topped with a message detailed in cookies. Change the message for Memorial Day, Flag Day, and Veterans Day festivities.
Show your true colors! Create a flag-waving cake topped with a bottle-rocket display of sparkling cookies shaped by Stars Nesting Metal Cutters.
It´s red, white and blue through and through! Cake batter is tinted before baking and the colorful layers sandwich a sheet of luscious ice cream. The coolest summer cake ever. Watch our online video.