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Life in the Ocean: The Story of Oceanographer Sylvia Earle (edition 2012)
by Claire A. Nivola
Work details
Life in the Ocean: The Story of Oceanographer Sylvia Earle by Claire A. Nivola
No current Talk conversations about this book.
A great story on the life of Sylvia Earle. This book would be a great resource in the classroom when talking about the ocean, biology, and creatures in the sea.
I loved the use of color, the illustrations made this story much more enjoyable and come to life.
A biography about Sylvia Earle, this nonfiction book goes in detail about the life of Sylvia and how she became interested in the ocean. Her family moved to Clearwater, Florida and from there, she instantly fell in love with water and the ocean due to the Gulf of Mexico. She began her journey to the ocean swimming deep within the ocean to discover the wild life of the ocean in addition to designing oceanic equipment.
I personally find this book to be informative and accurate when it comes to exploring the oceans. The oceans are amazing beautiful and I love how this woman succeeds in making her dreams true to being an oceanographer. This is a good book to use for biography day in addition to exploring science and biography in general.
The book written by Clair A. Nivola is a captivating one. This story is about Sylvia Earle who fell in love with the ocean as a little girl. Sylvia's family moves to a home near the town of Clearwater, Florida. Though she loses a lot of what she loves, she gains even more. The water of the Gulf of Mexico were so close and Sylvia instantly falls in love. As she gets older, she begins swimming with the whales, taking deep water walks, and even designing submersibles. She soon learns about "the blue hear of the planet" and becomes attached quickly. The story goes on to describe Sylvia's journey throughout this all. This book teaches readers about what is out there in the ocean and Gulf of Mexico through Sylvia's story. I enjoyed reading this story and would recommend it for kids k-3!
The original book that I evaluated was Life in the Ocean: The Story of Oceanographer Sylvia Earle by Claire A. Nivola. This book is also a partial biography on Sylvia Earle. In the main story, there are no dates of any of her achievements expects for her participation with the Tektite II in 1970. There is no mention of her difficulties as a female scientist in the mid-20th century.
This book contains beautiful illustrations of the ocean life Sylvia Earle might have viewed on one of her many dives. This book would be great for young children.
I liked this book for several different reasons. To me the language and illustrations stood out the most and made the story even better. The book described the fascinating life of oceanographer Sylvia Earle and her love for the ocean and its creatures. Sylvia's interest for science and oceans began when she was a child, but the book also mentions some of her greatest accomplishments and advancements for oceanography. The author includes clear descriptions of Sylvia's adventures to enhance language, "From the ocean floor sprang a field of bamboo coral, some stalks taller than she was. Then she touched the top of the long pale spirals".
I also was intrigued by the colorful and detailed illustrations. Every page included a landscape of the ocean with Sylvia on her adventures and this really enhanced the story. The colorful coral and fish were a great addition and really kept me interested while reading. The main message conveyed in the book is that, discoveries are only made if you devote time, effort and have a genuine interest in changing the way people see the world. Sylvia wants others to see what she found from researching the ocean, but this was only possible because of her hard work.
References to this work on external resources.
Wikipedia in English
Amazon.com Product Description (ISBN 0374380686, Hardcover)
Sylvia Earle first lost her heart to the ocean as a young girl when she discovered the wonders of the Gulf of Mexico in her backyard. As an adult, she dives even deeper. Whether she's designing submersibles, swimming with the whales, or taking deep-water walks, Sylvia Earle has dedicated her life to learning more about what she calls "the blue heart of the planet." With stunningly detailed pictures of the wonders of the sea, Life in the Ocean tells the story of Sylvia's growing passion and how her ocean exploration and advocacy have made her known around the world. This picture book biography also includes an informative author's note that will motivate young environmentalists.
Life in the Ocean is one of The Washington Post's Best Kids Books of 2012
(retrieved from Amazon Thu, 12 Mar 2015 18:20:34 -0400)
A picture book biography tells the story of Sylvia Earle's growing passion for the wonders of the sea and how her ocean exploration and advocacy have made her known around the world.
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Obama in New Jersey to inspect Irene aftermath
04.09.2011 [CTV.ca] - Chris Christie, who greeted Obama upon his arrival in Newark, has offered the Democratic president praise for his response to Irene. "When disaster strikes, Americans suffer, not Democrats, not independents, not Republicans," Carney told reporters
Google News: Obama vows federal help for Irene victims
04.09.2011 [Reuters AlertNet] - The Democratic president was joined in his first look at the storm damage by New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, a budget-cutting Republican who has bucked some of his party's fiscal hawks in Washington by calling for expedited federal aid to help his
Google News: Airlifts, water rescues in wake of Hurricane Irene
30.08.2011 [Reuters AlertNet] - New Jersey Governor Chris Christie said flooding would likely continue over the next 48 hours. "For members of these communities who have lost everything, relief cannot come soon enough for them," he said after a tour of the flooded area.
Hurricane Irene - Aug 29, 2011 - 06:17
29.08.2011 [Aljazeera.com (blog)] - New York's major airports - Newark, JFK and Laguardia - were to reopen Monday morning for service, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie said at a press conference. But Amtrak, the train service that runs from Boston to Miami, will only serve limited
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The bend rod is supported at A, B, and C by smooth journal bearings. Compute the x, y, z components of reaction at the bearings if the rod is subjected to forces F1=300 lb and F2=250 lb. F1 lies in the y-z plane. The bearings are in proper alignment and exert only force reactions on the rod.
The answers are Ax=632.883 lb, Ay=-141.081 lb, Bx=-721.271 lb, Bz=895.215 lb, Cy=200.12 lb, and Cz=-506.306 lb, but I don't know how to get to those answers. Can someone please help


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|Standing up! Speaking out!
MISSION STATEMENT Cindy Sheehan's Soapbox is an independent online radio show and blog that strives to be completely free from establishment political ideology and focus on a message of peace, justice, environmental sustainability and economic equality. To this end, we provide educational and inspirational programs on topics related to these issues and we organize/promote actions working towards peace, justice, and environmental sustainability.
Cindy Sheehan's Soapbox LLC
P.O. Box 6264
Vacaville CA. 95696


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A Singing, Dancing Fonz Hits Houston
Photo courtesy TUTS
The Fonz never seemed much of a song-and-dance man on the TV show that ran for 11 seasons and ended about a quarter century ago. But Broadway has seen some mega successes by adding music to successful TV shows and movies.(Case in point: The Producers and The Full Monty raked in Tony nominations). Alas, there have been a few stumbles as well (High Fidelity, When Harry Met Sally).
But when several someones thought Happy Days, set in the calmer and, well, happier time of 1959, might be worth a shot, they sent out casting calls and in the Broadway national tour that just hit Houston, called upon Joey Sorge to take over Henry Winkler's role in what became: Happy Days -- A New Musical.
It was a role that Sorge says he almost didn't take. Called for an audition, he says, he initially turned it down.
"I was convinced they were going to hire a name, a movie star or something," he tells Hair Balls. "But I came in, they put me on tape" and he got the call.
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Other than bearing some resemblance to actor Winkler, who made Arthur Fonzarelli famous, Sorge got the part because he can sing -- something Winkler didn't have to do. With a long list of credits in local and regional theater, the University of Maryland, College Park grad worked his way up to be one of the five original cast members of The Drowsy Chaperone, "the five-time Tony award winning show" when he got the call for the Happy Days role.
As a kid, Sorge says he pretended to be The Fonz, but never thought he'd really get to play the character. "Now when I snap my fingers, the girls really do come running, " he says, laughing.
Sorge knows there are certain things the audience expects to see: "the swagger, the way he carries himself when he enters the room. I looked at a few episodes to see how he walks, what he does with his hands." But then Sorge says he stepped away from it a bit, to make it more of his own -- and because he's operating on stage with dance steps, not in a TV studio.
Highlight from the present tour. His character, Fonzi, has a tough time saying he's "wrong." At one show as everyone was watching The Fonz struggle with that, "a little girl on the front row called out 'Spit it out already,' And Sandra DeNise, the actress playing Pinky Tuscadero, said 'Thank you.'"
Lowlight: in another city, a set piece hanging from the ceiling that was supposed to be lowered five feet, instead was taken all the way down to the stage by a local union tech. Sorge was walking right under it as it descended and it wasn't until he'd just cleared it as it thudded behind him that he realized what a close call he'd had. "There was a lot of screaming going on right behind me." He said he didn't start shaking till he went backstage.
So why does anyone want to watch a "happy" show set in 1959? Sorge says it has a lot to do with what was going on in the country when the show started in the early `70s. The country was coming off a war then, there was a downturn in the economy, all very similar to today. He knows the older generation wants to see it because it goes back to their childhoods. Young people like it, he says, cause it's kind of like Grease.
Touring has taken Sorge away from his wife and two young daughters, ages 3 and 1, for much of the tour that started in November, but he says they're coming to visit next week. He hasn't seen much other than Hobby Center ("great") and the Galleria ("I was blown away by all that.") Next week he plans to take his daughters to the downtown Aquarium and the zoo. Then it's on to Dallas for a two-week stretch then back to New Jersey and his garden, he says.
Happy Days - A New Musical, brought here by Theatre Under the Stars, runs at the Hobby Center through May 24.
Monday: A behind the scenes look at what goes on with the crews putting on a musical while they try to make sure the scenery doesn't fall on the lead actor's head.
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Top Definition
A sexual move wherein a man has anal sex with a woman and he simultaneously shoves his balls into her snatch. Thus, she has his club and balls in her like a golf bag.
She was so tight that when he tried to do the golf bag she almost squeezed his nuts off.
লিখেছেন- Doctor Shakalu 10 de জুলাই de 2008
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
A woman who has a different club pulled out of her at least 18 times a day (no sexual reference here)
Paris Hilton
Pamela Anderson
Heidi Fleiss and
Tara Reid
are all golfbags.
Pamela Anderson
Heidi Fleiss and
Tara Reid
are all golfbags.
লিখেছেন- pbrgirl 23 de সেপ্টেমবার de 2005
A woman who is very slutty, and probably has enough room to entertain a couple of balls and 14 shafts at once.
"Mona is a real golf bag."
লিখেছেন- A Vettel 14 de ফেব্রুয়ারি de 2008


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Coach Tells Evans He Should Be Willing to Fight Jones
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post #22
Join Date: Mar 2010
Posts: 2,151
Originally Posted by
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Jumping in front of Rashad?!
What are you talking about?
Rashad was in fron of everyone for almost one year, waiting for his title shot.
Not wanting to fight your teammate, because you consider him like family or you have certain moral values, is one thing.
Passing out on the opportunity to fight for a world championship belt, especially when your teammate is injured and you don't know when and/or in what shape he comes back...is a whole different thing!
Comparing these situations is like comparing onions and oranges.
I don't think Junior dos Santos felt sorry when he knew he got a title shot...and poor Nog had to fight off injuries.
Even if that situation didn't imply a title shot for both guys.
Pride GP, 2005: Shogun beat Overeem in the semifinal.
In the other semifinal, Wanderlei was fighting Arona.
At that moment, Wanderlei and Shogun were training partners.
They could have met in the final, but Arona beat Silva and thus, the MMA community/fans were robbed from a fight that would have been very very interesting to watch.
Shogun eventually destroyed Arona, i assume you know that.
But i don't think he was tormented by guilt or other sentimental feeling because Arona beat Silva. In fact, i believe he was more pumped than ever, trying, not only to beat Arona and win the title, but also avenge Silva's loss in the process.
PS: That fight not happening is one of my biggest regrets about MMA!
limba I like reading your posts but you're a typical biased nutthugger. It's cool, everyone's biased when it comes to their favourite fighters and JBJ is your case.
Doesn't really matter how long Rashad was at the front of the queue, you're not the one who claims to be his buddy who you've sworn not to fight. The point is they have this agreement so they needed to stay well clear of each other. Bones has a HUGE career ahead of him, it's not like he's beat a top contender and is literally knocking at the door. He beat Ryan Bader, he's stepping up to fill the gap but at the same time it's putting a massive block on Rashad's career at LHW if he wins.
I'm not saying Rashad should have kept his place in line even, or that Jones doesn't deserve a shot. I'm saying given the circumstances, given how Jones and Rashad are claiming to be too close to fight, they should also be too close to step on each others toes when it isn't really necessary.
I respect that Jones is taking his chance and more power to him for stepping up, but reality is he's stepping on Rashad at the same time. I'm not even a fan of either of these guys so I really don't care, I'm calling it how I see it. These guys have created this situation by making this agreement not to fight, and now Rashad might never get another chance to fight for the title again.
If I was in Jones' shoes, if I was that good and knew it, I'd stay out of the way so Rashad could have one last push. I'd know deep down Rashad would lose the title within one or two fights, and I'd know in the meantime I'd crush some fool. Then a year or 18 months later, I'll be even better, still young, still with many years of fighting ahead of me, and I'd go get the title. If the guy is really his friend, considering how good Jones is, he could have done that.
But like I said, they both created the situation and one of them has bit the dust. If Jones wins then tough.
Shogun by KO.
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Over the past few months I've seen several posts about blogging being dead or dying. And I'm not talking about people who stopped blogging for other business/life priorities. I totally get and respect that. I'm referring to those who say people don't read blogs … [Read more...]
Create Beautiful WordPress Content With This Drag & Drop Tool
6 Quick Fixes That Will Instantly Improve Your Blog
Sometimes it's the smallest changes that make the biggest differences. How many of these practices are you implementing on your blog right now? Is Your Site Fully Responsive? Just because you have a responsive theme, doesn't mean every part of your site is mobile … [Read more...]
9 WordPress Tricks You're Probably Not Using But Should Be
Not only is this a quick & easy read, but I guarantee you'll discover at least one trick that you'll want to implement on your WordPress site. Insert a Link Shortcut Geez. How did I miss this shortcut for so long? The next time you add a link to a post or a page, … [Read more...]
If You Need Traffic, Content Ideas, Motivation or Tech Help, Read This Now!
Many of you replied to my last email about what you struggle with and I read every single reply. Thank you so much for taking time to do that. Whew! It was a lot of email to read, but so insightful! In case you missed the email or you aren't a subscriber (sign up), here's … [Read more...]
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text:
It stands for Some Other Nigga.
Boy: Yo Son, you got the Grey Goose on you?
Boy#2: Yeah Son, let's be out.
Boy#2: Yeah Son, let's be out.
Beküldő: Jyuzayeguuwah J. Summers 2009. december 5.
to be called son is to be belittled, disrespected!!
I call you my son cuz ill beat you like your Father
Beküldő: ts320 2009. június 3.
Stands for, Save Our Negros!
When your walkin down a dark ally, and you bump into something and you don't know what it is. Then all of a sudden you see a smile. Thats a negro. S.O.N!
Han+Char : Charlie Where are you? We can't see you..
Charlie : I'm here guys
Han + Char: Smile, Show us your palms.
Han+Char : Charlie Where are you? We can't see you..
Charlie : I'm here guys
Han + Char: Smile, Show us your palms.
Beküldő: Bobbert Johnson The Sex God 2009. március 2.
Stretched Out Nipples. Nipples that are extremely large and look like they've been pulled and stretched over the pecs/boobs.
That guy/girl I went home with had the nastiest SONs, so I left.
Beküldő: camjam21 2009. február 15.
A word used by the elderly to call someone younger then them. Now some use this word to call on someone that they believe is inferior noob then himself.
1. Back up son befo I unleash this heat on yo grill!!
2. Watch out son hes packing heat!!
3. Bow down son!!
2. Watch out son hes packing heat!!
3. Bow down son!!
Beküldő: Mt. Carmel 2005. augusztus 28.
In the gay community, a less experienced or docile youth that takes on a dependent or submissive role; similar to boy toy; opposite of "daddie." However, the antonyms 'boy toy' and 'sugar daddy' usu. imply more substantial relations.
Although he's not a kept boy, he likes to play the role of a son in the bedroom when he hooks up with older men.
Beküldő: mvuono57 2009. május 24.
An adjective that can be used anyway and in any sentence to make you sound url gangster.
Derek and Vince son son some son and son that bitnazz erry day. Nah mean?
Beküldő: Al and Mo 2009. március 29.


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Who Gets Kicked Out? Moving Trucks Spotted at Brangelina's House After Split Announcement
- 04:27 PM, Sep 22
Franny Movie Set
Photo credit: Hugh Dillon / WENN
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A project of People For the American Way dedicated to monitoring and exposing the activities of the right-wing movement. Learn More >
Dead-Ender's Game: Sci-Fi Writer Joins Board of National Organization for Marriage
Orson Scott Card, author of the popular sci-fi novel Ender's Game, has joined the board of the National Organization for Marriage. You may have heard of NOM recently thanks to its misleading "Gathering Storm" TV ad campaign which attacked equal rights for gays and lesbians.
We think that Card, who turned into a reactionary crank somewhere along the way, will be a good fit for NOM. Both have ample experience with alternate realities, and that should prove useful in explaining why committed same-sex couples shouldn't be allowed to marry.
But Card's recent writings have been outlandish even by the standards of NOM. Last July in the Mormon Times he appeared to advocate overthrowing the government if Prop 8 failed (h/t Box Turtle Bulletin):
How long before married people answer the dictators thus: Regardless of law, marriage has only one definition, and any government that attempts to change it is my mortal enemy. I will act to destroy that government and bring it down, so it can be replaced with a government that will respect and support marriage, and help me raise my children in a society where they will expect to marry in their turn. […] American government cannot fight against marriage and hope to endure. If the Constitution is defined in such a way as to destroy the privileged position of marriage, it is that insane Constitution, not marriage, that will die.
While it's clear that Card is a fiction writer through and through – albeit unintentionally – we'd like to know if NOM shares his radical views.
Filed Under
Organizations:National Organization for Marriage
People:Orson Scott Card
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3 posts tagged with angeles by zagyzebra.
Displaying 1 through 3 of 3.
Need to identify L.A. landscaper
I have a large level-ish lot toward the top of Laurel Canyon, with a pond, waterfalls, and mature landscaping that, due to a fire, has been ravaged. Does anyone have suggestions for a top-notch landscaper who understands water features (pond/waterfalls), is an expert in the latest, most water-efficient irrigation systems, and can provide an estimate of what it will cost to bring my formerly glorious yard back to life. I appreciate any and all references/suggestions.
Need interior designer in Los Angeles
Do you know of an interior designer in Los Angeles? [more inside]
In what Los Angeles stores can I shop for plush leather desk chairs?
In what Los Angeles stores can I shop for plush leather desk chairs? I'd like to visit well established stores (ones that have been around for a decade or so) and try out various desk chairs before I make a purchase. I'm willing to drop some bucks for the right chair. I want it to be down-stuffed, soft leather, plush, swivel, tiltable back, adjustable height. I'm not really concerned so much about ergonomics...I don't have back problems. I just want a sense of plushiness when I sit at my desk. I'm willing to drive to any part of town.
Page: 1


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text: The trestle is called a "steel deck span" bridge. It was constructed in 1895, replacing the original wooden Howe truss design trestle (circa 1882). The "new" trestle's four spans incorporated a metal Pratt truss and three girder sections brought from other locations on the Denver & Rio Grande line. The original stone abutments (no longer visible) and piers date back to the era of the wooden trestle. The west abutment was cut into solid rock, while the east one and the three piers were constructed of stone masonry. As originally designed and constructed, the trestle itself was 288 feet in length. Telegraph lines (reconstructed) can be seen extending from the ties on the south side of the trestle. For many years it was fairly common to see trestles used in this manner for stringing telegraph lines along railroad routes.


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Featured Coonhound Puppies
Building Families, One Puppy At A Time
For most Coonhound dog owners in Idaho, the toughest challenge has been to find a good Coonhound breeder. This is why at Idaho Coonhound Puppies, we have done the running around for you. We screen our Coonhound breeders and only work with those who follow our policies. Our trained Coonhound puppy counselors help you in finding the right breed and puppy. Our Coonhound puppies are thoroughly examined for health concerns before they join your family. We do all this because we believe you don't just bring home a puppy—you bring home a relationship!
We place Coonhound puppies in caring lifelong homes in Idaho and across the US. All of the puppies available on this website are from our exclusive national network of the finest Coonhound breeders and may not necessarily be located in Idaho. Shipping is available. View all puppies >>
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We take pride in the fact that our relationship with you does not end when you take home a Coonhound puppy from us. As die-hard puppy lovers ourselves, we'd like to believe nothing can ever go wrong with our Coonhound puppies. However, certain things are beyond our control. A Coonhound puppy's health is dependent on a lot of factors like genetics, exercise, food, and nourishment.
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"Just wanted to let you know that things are going great with Sofia. She appears to be very healthy, happy, and is enjoying her new home and family :) Thanks so much for your help!"
"Fannie is here! We picked her up at the airport yesterday and she looks wonderful! I am actually leaving in 20 minutes to take her to our Vet for her first checkup! She is sleeping now – but what a beauty she is!"


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In time for the holidays, Head Porter presents the 'Oestrich' wallet collection. Offering mini coin cases, and different wallet styles, each piece comes in a series of colors, ranging from more subtle to more bold options. Look out for a release early December. (Via honeyee)
Head Porter 'Oestrich' Wallet Collection
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Eros and Psyche: on hiatus indefinitely
The Totally Not-Canon Adventures of Flairé: cancelled due to upgraded status = videogame series
TTNCAOF Ep 1: Portraits - 0
Music - 0
Website revamp:
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III/III: 0/20 (sketch poses 10/20, lineart 5/20)
Ceniro and Renee
Tactician book covers 0/5
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Transistor fanart - 0/5
Mass Effect vigil fanart
I'm Still Here music vid: ???
Shadow Dragon medley animation: ???
Hrutomi animation: ???
Secret project: ???
HTTYD Hitomi video: ???
Hrulash dance video: 55%
Sword's Innocence rewrite: ???
Star of Bern: ???
Hitomi: 3/4
The III/III 0/3, rewrite
Captain of the White Eagles: ???
Star Wars Prequels: 0/3
The Sith Lords: 11/13
Rise of the Dragon King: 0
Dragon Age Noir: 0/12
Perfect Time: 0
Space Garden: 0
RPGMaker DLC reviews
Videogames: 75/201 (37.5%)
Tag Archives: Zela
Header WIP
Just uploaded a new header for the site; I'm reasonably happy with the lineart (except Flairé – what's going on with your face, buddy?) but I'll probably completely redo the colour later. Still, there's enough here to update the banner … Continue reading
Zela WIP
Zela WIP May 23, '12 (797) Working on a picture of Zela, using one of these references! <3
10 Character Meme
10 Character meme drawn June 24-25, '11 (745) Click for insanity. Yeah, I kinda ran out of inspiration at the end… and one of the words is maybe not wholly PG, but some of them are not too bad. I … Continue reading
10 characters for a meme
10 characters for a meme drawn June 24, '11 (744) Working on the hilarious 10 character meme. You can probably guess at the answers if you know it already… but they might not be what you expect! I thought some … Continue reading
Zela painted June 17-18, '11 (739) Hmm. I like these little 400×400 paintings, and it's been a while since I did Zela. So I did her. Not bad. Maybe I'll use it on her profile page. EDIT: While editing her profile … Continue reading
Sims 3 screenshot dump 4
This is is just for Zela and Flaer, mah favourite couple evarrrrr. <3
New Family
New Family drawn Jan 4-8 '11 (699) Um. Yeah! Anyway it has Baby!Flairé so everything's good, right? Yeah I dunno. Gotta go finish cleaning. Whoo. I just had the best idea for practicing drawing cats and dogs and wolves and … Continue reading
Stars and Midnight Blue II
Stars and Midnight Blue II drawn Sep 23, '10 (664) I was listening to Stars and Midnight Blue by Enya on her Christmas CD again… seems everytime I listen to it I get the urge to draw a new picture. … Continue reading
Technical Difficulties
Oops! Due to strange circumstances, there is no page this week. However, Eros and Psyche will be continuing as normal because I have a buffer and blah blah blah. Flairé was not (badly) harmed in the making of this page. … Continue reading
Chibi chibi
drawn Sep 5-6, '10 (645) Ctrl+J is fab. Tweaks coming tomorrow. And additions. Can YOU name everyone here? EDIT: Check the characters page! It is now covered in chibis. Except for the last four characters (Evylyin+Dymunde, Lyra, Lakia, and Cassandra) … Continue reading


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Jimmy Fallon Chris Christie Evolution of Dad Dancing : People.com
The New Jersey governor and Fallon don their best high-waisted pants and blue polos for the occasion
New Jersey Gives Giants Hometown a Week to Approve Budget
17.10.2012 [Businessweek] - New Jersey Governor Chris Christie's administration has given East Rutherford, home to the National Football League's New York Giants and Jets stadium, a week to approve a budget or it may impose one. East Rutherford is the last municipality without a
Christie Says Romney Will Upend Presidential Race in Debate
30.09.2012 [Businessweek] - Republican Mitt Romney will turn his race with President Barack Obama "upside down" with his performance in their debate this week, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie said, raising expectations for his party's White House contender after a "tough
Walker to Christie: Thanks for nothing - POLITICO
He says a visit by the New Jersey governor won't cut it while Democrats pour money into Wisconsin.
Chris Christie Is On The 14th Draft Of His Convention Speech ...
29.08.2012 New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, a frontrunner for the GOP Presidential nomination in 2016 if Romney loses in November, is giving the keynote speech at the Republican convention tonight. Along with the rest of the ...
GOV. CHRIS CHRISTIE ELECTED RGA CHAIRMAN « Republican Governors...
SCOTTSDALE, AZ – The Republican Governors Association announced today that New Jersey Governor Chris Christie has been elected Chairman of the RGA for the 2014
Office of the Governor | Contact Us
Contact New Jersey Governor Chris Christie.
BlinkX Video: Chris Christie Too Fat To Be President?
New Jersey Governor Chris Christie has once again announced that he will not be running for president in 2012. Ana Kasparian and Ben Mankiewicz discuss whether or not Governor... - 10.05.2011, YouTube
The Evolution of Dad Dancing (w/ Jimmy Fallon & Gov. Chris Christie)...
In honor of Father's Day, Jimmy and New Jersey Governor Chris Christie present The Evolution of Dad Dancing. Subscribe NOW to The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy...
New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie: "What Matters Now is What We Do" -...
New Jersey Governor Chris Christie made the keynote speech Monday night at the Republican National Convention, talking leadership and emphasizing change.
Gov. Chris Christie's R.N.C. Speech - Election 2012 | The New York...
New Jersey Governor Chris Christie speaks at the 2012 Republican National Convention. See more RNC videos here: http://nyti.ms/Ouq668 Subscribe to the Times ...
Chris Christie Beating Potential Democratic Challengers: Quinnipiac ...
17.10.2012 [Huffington Post] - NEW YORK, Oct 17 (Reuters) - New Jersey Governor Chris Christie enjoys a 56 percent approval rating and is positioned to edge out a Democratic challenger if he runs for a second term next year, according to a Quinnipiac poll released on Wednesday.
The Real Jersey Comeback
17.10.2012 [WNYC] - New Jersey Governor Chris Christie speaks at the Tampa Bay Times Forum in Tampa, Florida, on August 28, 2012 during the Republican National Convention. (Getty). Analysts, developers, and academicians all saw hopeful signs, however faint, for New
Chris Christie: Joe Kyrillos Will Win New Jersey Senate Race ...
16.10.2012 [Huffington Post] - US Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney (R) and New Jersey Governor Chris Christie (C) speak with Romney's advisor Bob White (L) on the campaign bus in Mount Vernon, Ohio, Oct. 10, 2012 after a town hall meeting at Ariel Corporation.
New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie to campaign for Rick Hill in Bozeman
04.10.2012 [KBZK Bozeman News] - BOZEMAN - A high-profile Republican is headed to Bozeman to campaign for Republican gubernatorial candidate Rick Hill. New Jersey Governor Chris Christie is scheduled to appear at a fundraiser Friday, October 5 at the Yellowstone International Airport.
Chris Christie Meet the Press Interview: NJ Governor Tries to Rescue Romney ...
01.10.2012 [PolicyMic] - The dog days are far from over for Mitt Romney's imploding presidential candidacy. That's why the weekend before the first presidential debate the GOP is deploying blunt New Jersey Governor Chris Christie to the set of the Sunday morning talk political
Google Groups: Chris Christie: An Example of What American Politics Needs
01.04.2011: Chris Christie: An Example of What American Politics Needs By Bob Ellis on May 14th, 2010 I dont agree with New Jersey Governor Chris Christie on everything ...
Google Groups: Tea Baggers Eat Their Own ie Chris Christie
20.01.2011: ... New Jersey Governor Chris Christie (R) announced seven judgeship appointments to the New Jersey Superior Court, including the appointment of Sohail ...
Google Groups: New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, Newark Mayor Cory A. Booker ...
24.09.2010: Press Release – Buzz Issue. ... sourcing-of-industrial-products A new Post "New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, Newark Mayor Cory A. Booker and ...
Gov. Christie stumps for Thompson in Green Bay
17.10.2012 [Fox11online.com] - GREEN BAY - New Jersey Governor Chris Christie will be in Green Bay today campaigning for former Gov. Tommy Thompson in his bid for the U.S. Senate. Christie will be at the "Countdown to Victory Luncheon" at The Hyatt on Main. A roundtable discussion
Chris Christie – American Bridge PAC
New Jersey Governor Chris Christie is seen by many as a rising star in the Republican Party and a top contender for the party's presidential nomination in 2016. Yet ...
The Essential Chris Christie | News, …
Get the latest news about New Jersey governor Chris Christie. Find photos and videos and comment on the news at NJ.com
Governor of New Jersey - Official Site
New Jersey Governor Chris Christie official Web site contains his key initiatives, press releases, biography, and photographs.
Chris Christie: 'I would rather die than be in the United ...
From Yahoo News: The New Jersey governor says he may run for office again once his time as governor is up — just not in the state of New ...
New Jersey Governor Chris Christie Brings Down the House in RNC ...
29.08.2012 New Jersey Governor Chris Christie did not disappoint with his keynote speech at the Republican National Convention on Tuesday, issuing an impassioned challenge to Republicans to start "taking our country back.
New Jersey: Spending Freeze, Budget Cuts Chris Christie Shows His...
New Jersey Governor Chris Christie freezes spending in New Jersey and you'd think the world had ended. Democrats in the New Jersey Assembly criticized Governor
NJ Governor Chris Christie Vetoes Marriage Equality Bill - Towleroad
New Jersey Governor Chris Christie has vetoed a marriage equality bill passed by both houses of the legislature, the AP reports: The Republican governor...
Chris Christie says 'climate change is real' while vetoing climate...
The New Jersey governor believes that human-made climate change exists, but is blocking his state's participation in a regional climate program.
WATCH: Chris Christie and Snooki's awkward encounter | Page Six
Larger than life New Jersey Governor Chris Christie finally met his pint sized nemesis, Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi. The two met during an awkward encounter on the...
Chris Christie Now Opposes Creating a Pathway to Citizenship for...
The New Jersey governor says he has changed his mind on the question.
Chris Christie Thinks Your Government Spying Fears Are "Baloney"
New Jersey Governor and snack gourmand Chris Christie stopped by the key primary state of New Hampshire today. At which point, Christie called for a major...
Chris Christie Wants Bigger U.S. Military
The New Jersey governor staked out the most hawkish position of all the would-be candidates for the presidency in a speech he made in New Hampshire.
Chris Christie and Jimmy Fallon Present 'The Evolution of Dad...
New Jersey governor gets down in golf shirt and khaki pants alongside
Chris Christie's Pig Problem - The Atlantic
A bill about confining big hogs in tiny pens tells us something meaty about the New Jersey governor's political ambitions.
Office of the Governor
New Jersey Governor Chris Christie official Web site contains his key initiatives, press releases, biography, and photographs.
Pension Trustees To File Lawsuit Against New Jersey Governor Chris...
State officials say Christie violated his own pension law when he cut the required contributions to the retirement system.
This upcoming traffic apocalypse will be the end of Chris Christie
New Jersey Governor Chris Christie (R) is infamous as the guy whose underlings caused an epic traffic jam on the George Washington Bridge ...
Chris Christie - Sohail Mohammed - Sharia Law | Mediaite
At this juncture, it may be more efficient to highlight which interactions between New Jersey Governor Chris Christie and the media are not newsworthy. The
Obama visits Hurricane Sandy victims with Republican critic Chris ...
01.11.2012 President Barack Obama (R) is greeted by New Jersey Governor Chris Christie upon arriving in Atlantic City, New Jersey, on October 31, 2012 to visit areas hardest hit by the unprecedented cyclone Sandy. Americans sifted ...
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Clerical, service, and agricultural workers have low wages
January 05, 1999
Workers in clerical, service, and agricultural occupations reported lower wages than those for other occupations during 1997. About 61 percent of service workers, 40 percent of agricultural workers, and 33 percent of clerical workers earned less than $10.00 per hour. In comparison, only 19 percent of all workers made less than $10.00 per hour.
[Chart data—TXT]
Service occupations reported the biggest share of workers making less than $8.50 per hour at about 47 percent.
Among clerical occupations, hotel desk clerks had the lowest wages at $7.32 per hour. For service occupations, the $5.87 hourly wage rate for waiters and waitresses was the lowest. In agricultural occupations, farmworkers in food and fiber crops reported the lowest wages at $6.00 per hour.
Data on occupational employment and wages are produced by the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics program. For additional information, see News Release USDL 98-502, "Occupational Employment and Wages, 1997."
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, The Economics Daily, Clerical, service, and agricultural workers have low wages on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/1999/jan/wk1/art02.htm (visited September 30, 2016).
Recent editions of Spotlight on Statistics
A look at healthcare spending, employment, pay, benefits, and prices
As one of the largest U.S. industries, healthcare is steadily growing to meet the needs of an increasing population with an increasing life expectancy. This Spotlight looks at how much people spend on healthcare, current and projected employment in the industry, employer-provided healthcare benefits, healthcare prices, and pay for workers in healthcare occupations.
Employment and Wages in Healthcare Occupations
Healthcare occupations are a significant percentage of U.S. employment. Some of the largest and highest paying occupations are in healthcare. This Spotlight examines employment and wages for healthcare occupations.
Fifty years of looking at changes in peoples lives
Longitudinal surveys help us understand long-term changes, such as how events that happened when a person was in high school affect labor market success as an adult.


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Sleek, efficient lodgings near the runways.
The late-modernist style of this 27-story glass tower contrasts the stereotypical look of so many Southern hotels. The interior is not as cutting-edge as the exterior, but it is pleasant. The vast atrium lobby looks as if it is waiting to be filled with hordes of convention-goers. The standard rooms are decorated with earthy tones and deep purple accents, a style that manages to provide a sense of individual personality not usually found in hotels of this ilk. There is an upscale residential look to this property. Enormous windows in many of the rooms take in views of the city. Amenities include all of the basics. The fitness room is good-sized and filled with lots of natural light. The hotel has 11,700 square feet of flexible exhibit space, as well as a business center and event coordinating services. Rook's Corner, a whimsical American bistro, serves a lunch buffet on weekdays, and the Lobby Bar features views of the hotel's sweepingly impressive grounds, as well as 52-inch televisions.
US and Canada: 1-800-780-5733 Europe: 00-800-11-20-11-40 Promo Code 189391
Customer service: Manage your booking


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|Propeller London Porter
|Propeller Pilsener
|Propeller Rye IPA
|Propeller Oat in a Boat
|Propeller Vics Resolution
|Propeller Wind Swell Wheat
chinchill (193) South Carolina | June 3, 2016
A rather spartan, function-first, facility that has room inside for at least 25 people but seems to get most of its business from locals getting growlers refilled. They do have bottles to go too. About 8-9 taps working during my visit. Knowledgeable and helpful staff.
JoeMcPhee (532) Toronto, ON, Ontario | August 13, 2015
A small little brewery taproom a few minutes from downtown on the way up to the north end. They usually have one or two nice seasonals on. The best growler prices in the city and one of the citys original micros. Worth the visit. Theyve got some event space here, but its not really a spot you hang around in. Get your beer and go.
Scopey (653) Croydon, England | July 25, 2015
Propeller brewery is located 10 minutes walk north of downtown and they have a pretty good range of opening hours. Inside the shop is rather small. They offer about 10 beers in total, both in bottle and also on draught for growler fills. You can sample any draught no problem at all. They had a few seasonals on my visit, including mild and imperial stout. Service was prompt, but low on banter. Very much a shop only and not bar. Good value thats for sure, Their beer is not bad, but it surprises me that this place is so highly rated. I preferred numerous venues over it (particularly Garrison brewery and Stillwell). Fine, but I wouldnt go out my way for it.
johnnnniee (157) Bedford, New Hampshire | July 17, 2014
Brewery shop with some merchandise on the left side wall. Retail counter against the far wall with a couple of coolers behind and a signage above stating availability and pricing. They had 8 beers in bottles when I stopped in and maybe the same number on tap for sampling and growler fills. Theres a second room with a bar a very long table, for after tour sampling maybe? I would buy beer here again if in the area.
nbutler11 (356) Cambridge, England | July 21, 2013
Halifax is quite hilly, so prepare for a hike to get to this place. Nice physical space, but its a working brewery with a small conference space - not a place to hang out and have a beer. Strange dynamic. Good selection in bottles and available for growler fills, but dont expect to hang out.
BuckeyeBoy (205) Boise, Idaho | January 28, 2011
Stopped in while in Halifax on our east coast trip. Parked right next door at a Office Max with a little security guy that was watching the parking lot. Office Max only if not I will have the police give you a ticket. So I had to bribe the guy with a Propeller RootBeer. Not only did they have a good selection of taps and togo bottles, they also had a good selection of there own sodas.
Atheist_Peace (24) Halifax, Nova Scotia | May 21, 2010
My personal favourite of the Halifax breweries (not that theres a ton to choose from). Solid quality brews at a reasonable price and growlers cant be beat...if you can stand drinking that much of the same thing.
Gravelle (13) Vancouver, British Columbia | November 26, 2009
Great place that just loves beer and being on the east coast. Miss not having a reason to go visit more often. Growlers are the best idea and value. I just love this place and there beer.
Lubiere (511) Ottawa, Ontario | October 19, 2009
A cool little microbrewery, with a nice tasting room for tours, some taps for tasting, albeit, again, no special offerings. Some tchotchkes available for sale, and growlers to fill. Parking may be a problem dduring the week.
mmmmbeer123123 (13) Alabama | July 3, 2009
I liked their beer. I am torn if the garrison or propeller brew better beer. Most try both again when I am back in town.


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Your morning news snapshot from around regional Australia and beyond.
Featured News
Narooma named on list of top 50 small towns in Australia
Narooma has been named on a list of the top 50 most desirable small town destinations in Australia.
To Zambia, with love from Central Tilba Public School
40m down a garbage chute: Phoebe's 'tragic accident'
The courts said she put herself feet first into a 12th floor garbage chute. Her family do not ...
International ethanasia speaker to hold Eurobodalla meeting
Exit International Director, Mr Tom Curran, will speak at a Batemans Bay meeting.


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NICE case: Gowda files plea in HC
By Express News Service - BANGALORE
Published: 21st November 2012 12:16 PM
Last Updated: 21st November 2012 12:16 PM
Former prime minister H D Deve Gowda on Tuesday moved the High Court to implead himself in a case filed by Nandi Infrastructure Corridor Enterprise Limited (NICE), challenging the Lokayukta's orders for a probe into alleged irregularities in Bangalore-Mysore Infrastructure Corridor project.
During the last hearing, Justice H N Nagmohan Das recused himself from hearing the case, following which the case was transferred to Justice H Billappa.
During the hearing on Tuesday, Justice Billappa ordered notices to complainant T J Abraham and the Lokayukta police to file their objections, and adjourned the case till November 26.
On October 25, the Lokayukta Court had directed the Lokayukta police to probe the alleged irregularities in the BMIC project.
The Lokayukta court had also ordered a probe against 30 persons, including Deve Gowda, former external affairs minister S M Krishna and NICE managing director Ashok Kheny.
Disclaimer: We respect your thoughts and views! But we need to be judicious while moderating your comments. All the comments will be moderated by the NIE editorial. Abstain from posting comments that are obscene, defamatory or inflammatory, and do not indulge in personal attacks. Try to avoid outside hyperlinks inside the comment. Help us delete comments that do not follow these guidelines.


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- 3 beds
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Two Story Executive Home near Medical City Backing onto Conservation, Loaded with Options. Close Proximity to Moss Park which offers boating and water skiing; within minutes of Burnham Institute, VA Hospital & Nemours Childrens Hospital.
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text: Fucking with Yo friends. How do you fuck with a friend only using a jar of PB? By redbus69 36 views More Info Full Credits redbus69 Uploader Stats & Data 0 Funny Votes 1 Die Votes 36 Views Published: May 20, 2012 Categories: Parody Internet Memes Photoshopped Funny Keywords: PB cock dude Browse Related Comments 30+ more View All ▶ redbus69 Vaguely Related Pics & Words Vaguely Related Videos Advertisement Tags: PB cock dude Advertisement


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We've all probably heard the term 'less is more,' and that saying is especially true for the mobile web. Sites that are crisp, clean, and succinct provide mobile experiences that are unobtrusive, easy to use, and really resonate with customers. The way you accomplish this in a mobile context is to simplify your designs to focus on content. Let's look at some general guidelines. First, use fewer fonts on a page-- usually no more than two or three--and maintain consistency among point sizes. Similarly, try to use fewer colors and graphic elements that won't compete for the user's attention.
These approaches yield pages that are more readable, especially in many mobile situations where lighting may not be optimal. Place important page controls like search boxes and navigation elements near the top of the page so that the user doesn't need to scroll to find them. Avoid using gratuitous graphics and unnecessary animation sequences and interactivity. These kinds of elements are usually employed to create some kind of splash screen, or welcoming sequence to a web site. On desktop PCs these elements might be tolerable, but on mobile they just get in the way of the user getting to their destination and the information they need.
They also use up precious battery life, resulting in a poor user experience. It's just generally a good idea to stay away from design elements like those on mobile pages. Background images can also cause problems for mobile web pages. First, they increase download time and cause unnecessary battery drain due to the increased network traffic, but more importantly, they can reduce readability when text is overlaid on top of them because when images are scaled down they tend to become darker and more dense. It's also harder to make pages with background images easy to read in varied lighting conditions, so avoid using them.
Make sure you optimize your images and other graphic elements for use on the smaller screen. Don't just resize larger images to be smaller widths and heights, because you're not actually decreasing the loading time or network traffic. You should also resample them to create smaller download sizes. If you use small graphic images, such as icons, for user interface elements, consider combining them into one image and then using CSS positioning to display each one in a div container. This cuts down on HTTP requests and makes pages load faster.
The proper use of white space can really help a page's readability. White space helps to visually separate elements from each other, which increases readability, and avoid conflicts between click targets that are near each other. Many mobile browsers will try to increase the size of click targets when pages are zoomed out, so white space will help reduce the amount of overlap between clickable elements. An important design consideration you may need to make is whether to give the user a way to switch to the full desktop version of your site. Why do this? Well, there's always going to be some subset of users that want to access certain less common features of your site that may not be available via the mobile version.
By giving these users a link to the desktop version, you can provide a way for these users to perform tasks that might otherwise be impractical to port to the mobile version of your site. Also, some devices, like tablets, tend to be used in both active and passive situations, and the user might be in a setting where they prefer to see the desktop version of the site because their device supports it. Another design consideration you might make is whether to give the user the ability to switch between lighter and darker versions of your site's style sheet in order to help increase readability under different lighting conditions.
Taking a closer look at the New York Times mobile web site, we can see how some of the principles of being crisp, clean, and succinct are implemented. First, notice that the homepage doesn't use any background colors or images, and they've placed the search control and section lump List at the top of the page, so they are prominently noticeable and easy to find again. The page is also optimized for vertical scrolling, which makes it easy to read with one hand while flicking up and down with my free thumb. The hyperlinks are in larger text, which makes them easier to tap, and they stand out more readily from the story text.
There is a link right at the top of the page that informs the user that there is a global edition of the paper that they can switch to. And again, it's prominently located at the top of the page, so it's one of the first things the user sees and learns about when the page loads. There is also minimal use of graphics-- just the logo, the ad at the top of the page, and images that go with the top stories. This decreases network traffic and helps the page to load faster. If we scroll down the homepage a little bit, we find that the page is divided into the same sections as the real physical Times paper, and there are four top- story links per section.
The section name also serves as a link for the user to dive into more detail in that section, should they so choose. There are a couple of main fonts that are used on the page-- one for the section headers, one for the story text and links--which makes the content easier to consume. White space is properly used to space out the links to avoid top conflicts, but not so much that the page feels like it's poorly designed. The page also displays some important information in a very compact space. The section for markets shows stock data for the Dow, S&P, and NASDAQ, including the most recent quote, percentage change, and point change, as well as whether it's up and down over yesterday's close, all in a space that's only about a half inch high.
Building pages such as this that are compact and yet information rich and easy to navigate is not particularly difficult. It just takes some planning. By following these guidelines, your pages can also be crisp, clean, and succinct.
- Implementing well-defined web standards
- Working with Modernizr and Mobile Boilerplate
- Building a first mobile web page
- Understanding content adaptation strategies
- Designing forms for mobile
- Detecting client capabilities with script
- Using server-side detection with PHP and ASP.NET
- Working with mobile browser capabilities
- Viewing and testing the mobile site on device emulators


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The process of urban planning is a long and complex one that takes a good amount of skill and experience.
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Cory Lidle isn't one of those pitchers. When Lidle takes his swings, he wants to make them count, and when he puts the ball in play - even a routine grounder - the 33-year-old runs full-bore to first base.
"I see myself as being pretty athletic and someone who can run pretty good," Lidle said.
Of course, it can be argued that Lidle's eagerness is the reason why he's on the disabled list with a strained left oblique muscle. When Lidle took a hack in the fourth inning of a game against the Giants, he felt a twinge in his side and had to leave the game. Although Lidle said Friday that his strained oblique felt much better, it didn't change the decision to skip Lidle's next turn in the rotation. Eventually, the injury was diagnosed to be a little worse than originally thought and the Phillies decided to err on the side of caution and put Lidle on the DL. Not coincidentally, it also opened up a spot for the newly acquired Michael Tucker.
"We're going to give him more recovery time," pitching coach Rich Dubee said.
The Phillies' schedule aided in the decision. Since the Phils had Thursday off and had a travel day on Monday, they were able to go with Robinson Tejeda Tuesday in New York and won't need a fifth starter again until they play the next-to-last game of the road trip in Washington on Saturday.
"Anybody would want to get back as soon as they can," said Lidle (9-10, 4.75). "But I want to wait until I'm 100 percent. I don't want to aggravate it."
As for Lidle's aggressive attitude as an offensive player, neither he nor Dubee believes that has to change.
There have been times when Lidle's competence offensively has helped the Phils. In fact, in the second inning Wednesday Lidle had an RBI single, went from first to third base on a Kenny Lofton single, then tagged and scored on a sacrifice fly that wasn't hit especially deep.
"When I went from first to third on Kenny's hit, it ended up getting us a run," said Lidle, who is hitting .178 and is tied for the team lead with eight sacrifice bunts. "In fact, on that ground ball (he hit after suffering the injury on the previous swing), if I didn't pull the muscle I probably could have beaten it out."
"You're always a little leery when a pitcher is up there, but that's something that comes with the National League game," Dubee said. "I like the National League game. Sure, it puts pitchers in a more vulnerable position sometimes, but a pitcher can get hurt throwing the ball just as easily."
Meanwhile, Tejeda has done his part to help cover Lidle's injury. Tejeda was summoned to protect the 5-4 lead the Phillies had gained in the inning when Lidle got hurt and responded with two shutout innings, striking out three and showing no problems adjusting to the emergency relief role.
"I feel great," Tejeda said after the Phillies' 7-4 victory. "Every time they want to use me, every situation, I can do my job. When you feel your arm is strong, you don't need too many pitches to warm up."
Following an extended warm-up period, Tejeda immediately began hitting 96 mph with his fastball, holding the Giants hitless. Phillies manager Charlie Manuel said that Tejeda could have pitched another inning, but his turn in the order came up in the top of the seventh.
Tejeda has shuttled between the rotation and bullpen several times this year. The rookie was called up May 6 and served in relief before making his first major-league start on June 8, throwing five shutout innings against Texas.
He made two relief appearances after having his turn skipped in mid-July. Overall, he had made 12 starts and has a 2.86 ERA in those outings, versus a 4.32 ERA in his 11 relief games coming into his start Tuesday in New York. That outing was also strong as he pitched six innings, giving up two earned runs on seven hits and a walk. Tejeda left the game with a 4-2 lead, but Ryan Madson and Ugueth Urbina were hit for four runs over the final two innings, leading to a 6-4 loss for the Phillies.
"It's not a big deal being a starter or a reliever," he said. "It's the same thing. The only difference is, the starter has to be ready to go five innings."


text:
From the Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center and the Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, NY (Drs Goldstein, Fatima, and Rosenfeld); and Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, and Department of Audiology and Communication Disorders, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa (Dr Campbell).
To determine the relationship between child behavior and quality of life before and after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy by means of a standardized assessment of child behavior, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and a validated quality-of-life survey of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea, the OSA-18.
Before-after study.
Hospital-based pediatric otolaryngology practice in a metropolitan area.
Sixty-four children (mean [SD] age, 5.8 [3.1] years; 36 boys, 28 girls) who underwent tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy for treatment of sleep-disordered breathing or recurrent tonsillitis.
Parents or caretakers completed the OSA-18 and the CBCL for ages 2 to 3 years or 4 to 18 years before surgery and 3 months postoperatively.
Main Outcome Measures
The OSA-18 mean survey scores and change scores, and the CBCL total problem T scores and change in total problem T scores.
The mean (SD) preoperative OSA-18 score was 3.9 (1.5) and change score was 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.9-2.7). The mean total problem score was 7.3 points lower after surgery (95% confidence interval, 4.9-9.7), indicating a significant decrease (P<.001, matched t test). The preoperative CBCL total problem score was consistent with abnormal behavior for 16 children (25%), but only 5 children (8%) scored in the abnormal range postoperatively (P = .03, log-likelihood ratio test). The OSA-18 preoperative mean survey score had fair to good correlation with the preoperative CBCL total problem T score (r = 0.50, P<.001, Pearson correlation), and the OSA-18 change score had fair to good correlation with the change in CBCL total problem T score (r = 0.54, P<.001, Pearson correlation).
Behavioral and emotional difficulties are found in children with sleep-disordered breathing before treatment and improve after intervention. Scores on a standardized measure of assessment of behavior demonstrate significant correlation with scores on a validated quality-of-life instrument.
SLEEP-DISORDERED BREATHING in children is viewed as a continuum of severity from partial obstruction of the upper airway producing snoring to increased upper airway resistance to continuous episodes of complete upper airway obstruction or obstructive apnea. The prevalence of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has been estimated to be between 1% and 3% in preschool and school-aged children.1 Children with OSAS are usually brought to medical attention because of nighttime breathing difficulties. While behavioral, emotional, and neurocognitive difficulties have long been anecdotally associated with pediatric OSAS, recent reports using standardized behavioral assessments are supporting these observations.1- 7
The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is a standardized measure of children's behavior.8,9 In a pilot study by our group of 36 children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T & A) for chronic upper airway obstruction,3 10 (28%) scored in the abnormal range on the preoperative CBCL. The CBCL scores significantly improved after T & A (n = 15), although changes in classification (normal, borderline, or abnormal) were not statistically significant. Limitations of that study included a small sample size and lack of a control group.
The OSA-18 is an 18-item health-related quality-of-life (QOL) survey of pediatric OSAS that has been correlated with the respiratory disturbance index on nap polysomnography.10 Because of its ease of administration, reliability, validity, and responsiveness, it is a practical method of determination of the QOL impact from OSAS.10,11
We evaluated the impact of T & A on children's behavioral and emotional problems by means of the CBCL and the OSA-18. Surgery was performed for treatment of OSAS–upper airway obstruction, recurrent tonsillitis, or both. Correlation was sought between CBCL and OSA-18 scores. Changes in postoperative scores were assessed to evaluate longitudinal change in both behavior and QOL.
Parents of children aged 2 through 18 years who were scheduled for T & A or tonsillectomy were recruited from the private practice office of 3 pediatric otolaryngologists (including N.A.G. and R.M.R.) and the pediatric otolaryngology clinic of the Long Island College Hospital in Brooklyn, NY, from July 1, 1999, through December 31, 2000. Surgery was performed for treatment of OSAS–upper airway obstruction and/or recurrent tonsillitis. Children were diagnosed as having OSAS by a clinical history of nighttime snoring, apneic pauses, and struggling to breath, and by a physical examination documenting hypertrophic tonsils and adenoids. Polysomnography was not routinely performed. Children with craniofacial syndromes, neuromuscular diseases, behavioral disorders, learning disabilities, and psychiatric disease, and children whose parents did not read or understand English, were excluded. The protocol was approved by the institutional review board of the Long Island College Hospital, informed consent was obtained from the parents, and a convenience sample was recruited.
Parents or caretakers completed the OSA-18 and the CBCL for ages 2 through 3 years (CBCL/2-3) or ages 4 through 18 years (CBCL/4-18) before surgery and 3 months postoperatively. At entry, parents also completed a standard questionnaire that recorded demographic information, family socioeconomic status, and parental education level.
The OSA-18 consists of 18 survey items divided into 5 domains (sleep disturbance, physical symptoms, emotional symptoms, daytime functioning, and caregiver concerns). The 18 items are scored with a 7-point ordinal scale assessing frequency of specific symptoms scored as follows: none of the time, 1; hardly any of the time, 2; a little of the time, 3; some of the time, 4; a good bit of the time, 5; most of the time, 6; and all of the time, 7. The scores on each of the 18 items are summed to produce a total survey score that can range from 18 to 126. The OSA-18 total survey scores less than 60 suggest a small impact on health-related QOL, scores between 60 and 80 suggest a moderate impact, and scores greater than 80 suggest a large impact.10 A mean survey score and individual domain mean scores are also calculated. The OSA-18 change scores are calculated by subtracting the postoperative mean survey score and individual domain mean scores from the preoperative mean survey and individual domain mean scores. Change scores range from −7.0 to 7.0, with negative numbers indicating deterioration and positive numbers indicating improvement in QOL. Change scores of less than 0.5 indicate trivial change, 0.5 to 0.9 indicate small change, 1.0 to 1.4 indicate moderate change, and 1.5 or greater indicate large change.11
The CBCL/2-3 is a 100-item survey and the CBCL/4-18 is a 113-item survey of specific childhood behaviors. Each item is scored as follows: not true, 0; somewhat or sometimes true, 1; and very true or often true, 2. The CBCL/4-18 also has 35 questions regarding children's competencies in school, activities, and social contexts, which are scored on the basis of the amount and quality of participation for children aged 6 and older (total competence). Raw scores are converted to normalized T scores, which are compared with the scores of children in normative samples. Scores are then divided into normal (<95th percentile), borderline (≥95th percentile but <98th percentile), or abnormal (≥98th percentile) ranges.
The CBCL/2-3 is scored to obtain a total problem score, which provides a global index of the child's behavioral and emotional function. The responses can be further divided into scores for internalizing (anxious or depressed and withdrawn) and externalizing (aggressive behavior and destructive behavior) groupings, and scores for the individual syndrome scales (anxious or depressed, withdrawn, sleep problems, somatic problems, aggressive behavior, and destructive behavior). The CBCL/4-18 is scored to obtain a total problem score, scores for internalizing (withdrawn, somatic complaints, anxious or depressed) and externalizing (delinquent behavior and aggressive behavior) groupings, and scores for the individual syndrome scales (withdrawn, somatic complaints, anxious or depressed, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, and aggressive behavior). The CBCL/4-18 total competence score is reported separately and not included in the total problem score calculation.
To determine the relationship between behavior and QOL, we included children undergoing surgery for treatment of recurrent infection without sleep-disordered breathing in all our analyses. This ensured a distribution of children with varying degrees of sleep-disordered breathing in the study sample.
Comparison of preoperative and postoperative CBCL T scores was performed with a matched, 2-tailed t test, and preoperative and postoperative T score classifications (normal, borderline, and abnormal) were compared by the log-likelihood ratio test. Change in impact of health-related QOL based on OSA-18 scores was compared by the χ2 test. The preoperative total problem T score categories were compared with the preoperative OSA-18 QOL impact scores by means of the log-likelihood ratio test. Pearson correlation was used to compare the mean preoperative OSA-18 survey scores and change scores with the CBCL preoperative total problem, internalizing, and externalizing T scores, and changes in T scores postoperatively. Analysis of variance was used to compare the CBCL T scores and OSA-18 mean survey and change scores with the parent's education level, family income, and patient sex. A linear regression model was used to compare the preoperative OSA-18 mean survey score and parent education level as predictors of the CBCL total problem T score. P<.05 was considered statistically significant.12
Parents of 133 children were offered participation in the protocol, and 71 agreed to participate. Complete preoperative and postoperative surveys were available for 64 children who composed the study population. Patient demographics and indication for surgery are presented in Table 1. The male-female ratio was 1.3:1, and the mean patient age was 5.8 years (range, 2.0-18.1 years). Fifty parents (83%) who completed the surveys had graduated from high school and 12 (20%) had graduated from college. Most families were middle or upper middle class (annual family income between $21 000 and $100 000).13 Surgery was performed for the treatment of OSAS–upper airway obstruction in 39 children (61%), recurrent tonsillitis in 10 (16%), and both obstruction and tonsillitis in 15 (23%). The majority of children with upper airway obstruction were diagnosed by clinical assessment, as only 5 (8%) had preoperative polysomnograms (mean respiratory disturbance index, 25.2; range, 3.9-74.5).
The OSA-18 preoperative and change scores are presented in Table 2. Sleep disturbance, physical symptoms, and caregiver concerns were the highest-rated domains, followed by emotional symptoms and daytime function. Change scores (preoperative mean scores minus postoperative mean scores) for sleep disturbance, caregiver concerns, and physical symptoms indicate a large change in QOL (change score of ≥1.5), while change scores for emotional symptoms and daytime function indicate a moderate change in QOL (change score of 1.0-1.4). Preoperatively, the health-related QOL impact of the children's sleep-disordered breathing was small for 22 children (34%), moderate for 16 children (25%), and large for 26 children (41%) (Table 3). A highly significant change (P<.001) was found in QOL postoperatively, where a small impact was found in 63 children (98%) and a moderate impact was found in 1 child (2%).
Mean preoperative CBCL T scores and change in T scores for the individual syndrome scales, internalizing and externalizing groupings, and the total problem score are presented in Table 4. Sample size varied because some of the syndrome scales are applicable to only the CBCL/2-3 or the CBCL/4-18, the total competence items are scored only for children aged 6 years and older, and 3 CBCLs had incomplete responses for the total competence items and were excluded from the analysis. The mean total problem score was 7.3 points lower after surgery, resulting in a statistically significant decrease (P<.001). Scores were significantly lower after surgery for the internalizing and externalizing subgroups and all but 2 of the individual syndrome scales (total competence and social problems). Preoperative and postoperative T score classifications are presented in Table 5. Although there were trends toward improvement, changes in classification were only significant for the total problem score and the individual problem scales of anxious or depressed, thought problems, and sleep problems.
Since a number of socioeconomic variables have been shown to have a significant influence on children's development,14 we used analysis of variance to compare parent's education level, family income, and patient sex with CBCL and OSA-18 results. There was no significant relationship between the 3 sociodemographic variables and the preoperative OSA-18 mean survey scores and change scores. There was also no significant relationship between family income and sex and the preoperative CBCL total problem, internalizing, and externalizing T scores, although the relationship between parent education level and the total problem and externalizing T scores approached significance (Table 6).
The correlation between the preoperative OSA-18 health-related QOL impact scores and the preoperative CBCL total problem score classifications is presented in Figure 1. All 22 children with an OSA-18 survey score indicating a small impact on QOL also had a CBCL total problem score in the normal range. Of the 16 children with a survey score indicating a moderate impact on QOL, 4 (25%) had a total problem score in the abnormal range. Of the 26 children with a survey score indicating a large impact on QOL, 12 (46%) had a total problem score in the abnormal range. These results are highly significant (P<.001).
Correlation between preoperative quality-of-life (QOL) impact scores on the 18-item pediatric obstructive sleep apnea scale (OSA-18) and preoperative Child Behavior Checklist total problem T score classifications. Correlation is significant; log-likelihood ratio, P<.001.
The OSA-18 preoperative mean survey scores had fair to good correlation with the preoperative CBCL total problem scores (r = 0.50, P<.001) and the internalizing (r = 0.43, P<.001) and externalizing (r = 0.43, P<.001) subgroups. The OSA-18 change scores had fair to good correlation with the change in CBCL total problem scores (r = 0.54, P<.001) and the internalizing (r = 0.50, P<.001) and externalizing (r = 0.49, P<.001) subgroups. About 25% of the variations in one score could be explained by variations in the other.
Because the influence of parent education level on CBCL scores approached significance by univariate analysis, a linear regression model was constructed to compare the preoperative OSA-18 mean survey score and parent's education level as predictors of the total problem T score (Table 7). Although parents who were both high school and college graduates reported significantly lower total problem CBCL T scores than parents who did not finish high school, the mean OSA-18 score was a more significant predictor of CBCL results (P = .01 vs P<.001).
Our study population of 64 children undergoing T & A predominantly for the treatment of sleep disordered-breathing (84%) demonstrated a high prevalence of behavioral and emotional (25%) problems. In addition, CBCL T scores for the total problem score and the majority of the individual domains significantly improved after T & A. Changes in classification (normal, borderline, or abnormal) were also statistically significant for the total problem score and some of the individual domains. Only 8% of the children scored in the abnormal range for the total problem score postoperatively. The health-related QOL impact of sleep-disordered breathing was large (41%) or moderate (25%) for our study population, and significantly improved postoperatively (66% vs 2%). The relationship between behavior and QOL was both static and dynamic, since both the baseline and the change scores demonstrated significant correlation.
The CBCL results are similar to the results obtained in the pilot study by our group of 36 children undergoing T & A for treatment of chronic upper airway obstruction.3 Preoperatively, the total problem score was abnormal for 28% of the patients as compared with 25% in the present study. Individual syndrome scales most affected in both studies were total competence, sleep problems, and somatic complaints. The mean total problem score was 7.5 points lower 3 months postoperatively in the previous study (n = 15) as compared with 7.3 points in the present study. Although changes in classification were not significant in the previous study after surgery, we were able to demonstrate significant postoperative changes in the total problem score, anxious or depressed, thought problems, and sleep problems in the present study, which may be attributed to our larger sample size (N = 64).
Sociodemographic variables including parental education, family income, and race or ethnicity have been shown to influence children's developmental performance.14 Boys also tend to score higher on the CBCL than girls.8,9 Only parental education level influenced the CBCL results, as parents who had not graduated from high school reported higher CBCL scores for their children than did parents who had graduated from high school or from college. The relationship between OSA-18 QOL scores and CBCL scores, however, remained highly significant when adjusted for the confounding effect of parent education (Table 7). Together, the OSA-18 scores and parent education predicted 34% of the variance in CBCL scores.
Although widely cited as a common complication of pediatric OSAS, behavioral disturbances have mostly been inferred from parental reports of children's behavior before and after treatment. A few recent studies using standardized assessments have identified the presence of inattention, hyperactivity, memory problems, learning difficulties, and poor school performance in children with sleep-disordered breathing.1- 4,7 Our study also identifies thought problems and attention problems in children with sleep-disordered breathing, but hyperactivity is not a problem scale on the CBCL. Although the physiological mechanism by which OSAS produces its neurocognitive and behavioral effects is unknown, disrupted sleep patterns and hypoxia are considered integral to their development.15,16
The OSA-18 is the only QOL survey that has been validated as a discriminative measure of severity of pediatric sleep-disordered breathing and an evaluative measure of longitudinal change. The preoperative mean survey score and change score for our 64 patients were even greater than the scores obtained in the study performed to validate the responsiveness of the survey.11 In this previous study of 69 children undergoing tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy for the treatment of sleep-disordered breathing (78%) or recurrent tonsillitis (22%), the mean survey score was 3.1. The mean change score for the children with clinical evaluations suggestive of sleep-disordered breathing was 1.14. Although not an objective measure of the severity of sleep-disordered breathing, such as polysomnography, the OSA-18, like other health-related QOL surveys, focuses on the physical problems, functional limitations, and emotional consequences of OSAS. The OSA-18 is more comprehensive in its scope than polysomnography.
No child with an OSA-18 survey score demonstrating a small impact on QOL scored in the abnormal range on the CBCL total problem score. In contrast, 25% of children with an OSA-18 survey score demonstrating a moderate impact on QOL and 46% of children with a score demonstrating a large impact scored in the abnormal range. Fair to good correlation was found between the OSA-18 QOL and CBCL preoperative and change scores. Four items (22%) on the OSA-18 that evaluate the frequency of mood swings, aggression or hyperactivity, discipline, and inattention overlap with domains of the CBCL. Despite this overlap, the 2 survey instruments evaluate separate but related consequences of sleep-disordered breathing.
This is, to our knowledge, the first prospective study of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea correlating children's behavioral disturbances with QOL and documenting improvements in both after treatment using validated assessments. The major weakness is that "effectiveness" or "efficacy" cannot be inferred, since the study did not have a control group. Although improvements in both behavior and QOL occurred, we cannot be certain that they were the result of T & A.
Our study provides further evidence that behavioral and emotional difficulties are present in children with sleep-disordered breathing and improve after treatment. Scores on our standardized assessment of behavior demonstrated significant correlation with scores on a validated QOL instrument. Additional work is needed to define the precise spectrum of behavioral abnormalities, elucidate their pathophysiologic mechanism, and provide diagnostic clues to allow their early recognition.
Accepted for publication December 17, 2001.
This study was supported by a 1999 Research Award from the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology (Dr Goldstein).
This study was presented at the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology 16th Annual Meeting, Scottsdale, Ariz, May 10, 2001.
We thank Kathy Rivera for assistance with data collection.
Corresponding author and reprints: Nira A. Goldstein, MD, Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Box 126, Brooklyn, NY 11203-2098 (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com).
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Luxury Home Interior Design: Doing It Properly
The key to getting luxury home interior design done right is to speak with someone that has a lot of experience in the field. You are going to have to be cautious with who you hire. That way, you can be sure you're getting a very well made home designed for your particular set of needs.
Interior design is something that takes a trained person to do. There are those that have taken classes on how to use software to deal with creating homes, and some people can do it by hand. You're going to need to find someone that has training and that has done designs. Always ask to see examples before you work with people so that you're not stuck with something that won't work out in your favor.
Take time to describe exactly what it is that you need to have in your home as it is being built. There are so many ways that you can customize a home and so you generally can have whatever you set your mind to. Just make sure that you speak with the person doing the work for you to see if it's possible because if not then you're going to find that even if they design something that won't work you can't get it built. That's why it's best to listen to them and let them do what they know works right.
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Don't get caught up in trying to add so much to your home that you can't afford it. We ran into this when we were looking at homes for sale in Naples Florida about 2 years ago. You can always have a designer create it so that your home is find to live in, but can be upgraded at a later date. You can make sure that there are places where later on you can knock out walls and then work on adding a new room to your home. Or you don't even have to get that extreme at all, you could simply work with your designer to create a personalized wall decals or something similar. The possibilities are pretty much endless, as long as you don't reinforce everything to a point where it's hard to change your home in the future.
A luxury home interior design plan is able to help you get into a home that looks great and is capable of catering to you and your family. You just have to do what you learned here to find the various people to work with. A good design is a must to have worked on before a build can take place.


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20 years of experience
Accepting new patients
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Allentown, PA 18103 Phone number & directions
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He was great!
Excellent Surgeon, by far the best!
Dr. Berger has a real commitment to his patients. I was seen at LeHigh Valley and Dr Berger spent time talking and understanding my situation. He even called me at home ! I just wish I lived closer so I could be seen for follow ups with him instead of these doctors in Sussex County,DE.
My one year old broke his finger and we were referred to the Allentown VSAS Orthopedic group for follow-up and removal of stitches. The exam rooms were disgusting and very dirty...holes in the walls and the trash cans were over-flowing with trash and rubber gloves! We saw Dr. Berger and I don't think he made eye contact with me once...he spent a total of 2 minutes with us and then ran out without me even understanding what I needed to do with my son's finger. The assistant couldn't get the stitches out after multiple tries, so I insisted she get someone else, as my son was a screaming mess by this time! Another assistant came in, and she got them out...so I thought! One month later, on a visit to his pediatrician, we found three more stitches that the assistant missed! We will NOT be returning to this place. If I could give zero stars, I would.
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text: Join us for our Fourth Annual Sierra Pelona Valley Wine Festival!!! The Festival will be held at Reyes Winery on Saturday April 23, 2015 from 11am-4pm. The wine festival features numerous wineries and local wine makers offering tastings of their best wines. There will also be gourmet food and specialty items sampling, handmade crafts from local artisans, live music, and lots of fun for a great day. Attendees will receive a specialty event glass, event plate, specialty gift bag, wine and food sampling and free parking. Benefits will support the Senior Center of Santa Clarita Valley.


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Wednesday, November 7, 2012
Dempsey Middleton Dupree, Ph.D., 81, of 232 N Fifth Avenue, Clarion PA, passed away October 28, 2012 at his home after a lengthy battle with cancer and myelodysplasia (MDS). He grew up in Summerville.
On November 24, a memorial celebration for Dempsey will be held at his home at 232 North 5th Avenue, Clarion Pa from 1:00 to 4:00, followed by the spreading of his ashes.
In lieu of flowers, donations in his memory can be made to the Visiting Nurses Association (VNA) or the American Cancer Society.
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