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Empty Netter Assists - 07-04-11
-Welcome to Pittsburgh (or Wilkes-Barre/Scranton) Boris Valabik.
-Do the Penguins need a fighter? (PG+)
-Former Penguins forward Brett Sterling (above) signed a one-year two-way contract with the Blues. In seven games with the Penguins last season, Sterling scored five points (three goals, two assists). Sterling led the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins in scoring last season with 53 points (27 goals, 26 assists) in 65 games.
-Happy 49th birthday to former Penguins forward Kevin McClelland. Acquired along with Pat Boutette as compensation for the Whalers' signing of Greg Millen, McClelland spent parts of three seasons with the Penguins. As a rookie in 1981-82, he appeared in 10 games and recorded five points. He also appeared in all five of the team's playoff games that spring and contributed two points when the Penguins nearly upset the defending Stanley Cup champion Islanders in the first round. In 1982-83 McCleland played in 38 games and scored nine points. After appearing in 24 games and scoring six points in 1983-84, McClelland and a draft pick were traded to the Oilers in exchange for Tom Roulston. In 72 games with the Penguins, McClelland scored 20 points. He is currently the head coach of the CHL's Wichita Thunder.
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Atlantic Division
-Is former Penguins forward Maxime Talbot's contract with the Flyers legal?
-It didn't take long for the jersey to right to show up at the NHL Store in New York:
Northeast Division
-The Maple Leafs acquired forward Matthew Lombardi and defenseman Cody Franson in exchange for defenseman Brett Lebda and forward Robert Slaney. Lombardi missed all of two games last season due to a concussion. In 80 games last season, Franson scored 29 points (eight goals, 21 assists). In 41 games last season, Lebda scored four points (one goal, three assists). Slaney appeared in nine AHL games last season and recorded one assist.
-EN Says: In a hockey sense, the Maple Leafs win this deal hands down. Franson is a legit top-four defenseman who can produce points. That said, he's not exactly Hal Gill in his own zone despite his 6-foot-5 frame. If healthy, Lombardi is a solid point producer as he recorded 53 points for the Coyotes two seasons ago. But he has been slow to recover from a concussion he suffered in the second game of the season. The biggest benefit to the Predators is the salary savings. It clears a ton of salary to re-sign restricted free agent captain Shea Weber. Lebda is a No. 6 defenseman on his best days while Slaney is a minor leaguer.
-"I just want to get healthy. I'm excited. I wish I was healthy today. I wish I could say I was perfectly ready to play. I'm not there yet." - Lombardi.
-After years of frugal spending, the Sabres are all of a sudden one of the big-money teams in the NHL.
Southeast Division
-"The money side, it's not great, but I think the opportunity is unbelievable. Obviously it was disappointing day for me on July 1. For whatever reason I was in a bad spot, and Washington came in." - Goaltender Tomas Vokoun (right) on his one-year $1.5 million.
-"We want people who want to be Panthers. We don't want people who want to come down here for their tan or to play golf." - Panthers general manager and former Penguins defenseman Dale Tallon on re-building his team.
Central Division
-The Predators signed former Panthers forward Niclas Bergfors (right) to a one-year contract worth $575,000. In 72 games last season, Bergfors scored 36 points (12 goals, 24 assists).
-EN Says: This is a shrewd signing by the Predators. They lost some skill and speed up front with the loss of Steve Sullivan to the Predators and that's what Bergfors has. Begfors has hit 20-goals once in the NHL before. If teamed up with a solid center, he could hit it again.
-The Blue Jackets signed forward Alexandre Giroux to a one-year, two way contract.
Northwest Division
-Here's a blockbuster. The Wild acquired all-star forward Dany Heatley (right) from the Sharks in exchange for all-star forward Martin Havlat. Heatley has three years left on a contract with a salary cap hit of $7.5 million. In 80 games last season, Heatley scored 64 points (26 goals, 38 assists). Havlat has four years left on a contract with salary cap hit of $5 million. In 78 games last season, Havlat scored 62 points (22 goals, 40 assists).
-EN Says: On the surface, this looks like a clear win for the Wild as Heatley is a potential 50-goal threat. But Havlat offers a much more diverse game than Heatley. Heatley is pretty much a goal scorer and that's hit. Havlat will skate up and down the rink playing in all three zones and can produce quite a few points himself. This seems like a good trade for both teams based on their respective needs.
-The Canucks re-signed forward Chris Higgins to a two-year deal worth a total of $3.8 million. He will have a salary cap hit of $1.9 million. In 62 games last season, Higgins had 28 points (13 goals, 15 assists).
-EN Says: Higgins is a nice penalty killer who can play in all three zones. A $1.9 million salary cap hit isn't bad.
-The Oilers signed former forward Josh Green to a one-year two-way contract.
Pacific Division
-The Coyotes signed former Canucks forward Alex Bolduc to a one-year contract. Financial terms were not revealed. In 24 games last season, Bolduc scored four points.
-We're a few days late with this one, but the Coyotes re-signed forward Radim Vrbata (right) to a three-year contract worth a total of $9 million. He will have a salary cap hit of $3 million. In 79 games last season, Vrbata scored 48 points (19 goals, 29 assists).
-EN Says: Vrbata is a guy who has just never seemed to find success any where other than in Phoenix. He made the right choice staying. And the Coyotes get a 20-goal threat for an affordable price.
(Photos: Justin K. Aller/Getty Images; Vokoun-Paul Bereswill/Getty Images; Bergfors-Bruce Bennett/Getty Images; Heatley-Ezra Shaw/Getty Images; Vrbata-Dave Sandford/Getty Images)


text: In 1943, the Chase Aircraft Company was created to design and build a heavy assault cargo glider for the US Army. Several early prototypes eventually led to the production of the XG-20 glider in 1949. The new US Air Force expressed an interest in a powered version of the aircraft, so the company installed two 2,200-hp Pratt & Whitney Double Wasp engines and named it the XC-123 Aviatruc. It was first flown on 14 October 1949. In 1953, a production order for 300 C-123B Providers was received by the Kaiser-Frazer Company, which had since acquired a majority holding in the Chase Company. When Kaiser-Frazer had production difficulties, Fairchild stepped in and took over the C-123 program. The first production aircraft reached the Air Force in late 1954, and immediately became popular with tactical transport aircrews for its ruggedness and reliability. A small number were delivered to Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, the Philippines, Taiwan and South Vietnam. In the early 1960s, a couple of Fairchild J-44 turbojet engines were fitted in pods under the wing, giving the aircraft a big boost in performance and resulting in the C-123J. Later, the C-123K variant appeared, which featured two 2,800-lb thrust J85 turbojets in similar pods. Most US Air Force C-123s served in the Vietnam War, where they served as troop and cargo haulers. Some were utilized as defoliant (Agent Orange) sprayers (UC-123Ks) in Operation Ranch Hand, and at least two were modified as armament-carrying AC-123K / NC-123Ks, which operated at night against enemy truck convoys. The C-123 soldiered on into the 1980s, serving with several Air National Guard units, some being fitted with wheel/ski landing gear for use in Arctic conditions. Today, surplus C-123s are popular with small freight companies throughout the Americas, and a few are even found on the warbird circuit. Several are repeatedly used in television advertising and movies when the need arises for the representation of a large, generic military cargo aircraft.

subset: commoncrawl


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Improving Primary English through Drama
This course comprises two half-day modules which complement each other. You will learn lively and engaging drama activities for improving writing, speaking and listening skills and a hands-on and fun method for teaching Shakespeare to children and young people using a range of accessible strategies that will quickly get students involved in the world of the play,
Read more >>
Wed 12th October, London.
Drama strategies – also known as drama techniques or drama conventions – are the everyday tools of the drama teacher. They help to develop enquiry skills, to encourage negotiation, understanding and creativity. They can enhance performance skills such as character development and storytelling and be used across the curriculum to actively involve students in their own learning.
Hot-seating | Conscience Alley | Freeze-Frames | Thought Tracking | Role on the Wall
Mini Downloads are short downloadable resources providing guidelines, tips and information about a particular area of drama. They are ideal for planning and inspiration and can be downloaded to your computer in just a few minutes.
The Gruffalo | Augusto Boal | Evacuees | Commedia d'ell Arte | Language Learning
Drama is well-placed as a means to highlight and explore stories, issues and themes. Below are links to a number of drama units suitable for key stage 1 and 2 pupils.
The Evacuees | The Gruffalo | Anti-Bullying | Funnybones | The Tiger Child


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LondonUnited Kingdom
January 13, 2011
No introduction yet
Celebrating Target Networking………
"Are you searching to find a networking group to meet like-minded networkers who are enthusiastic and want to make quality connections and share ideas to grow business at the end of the day?" Well your search is over! This Meetup Group helps you network with your target market! We run monthly MeetUp Groups called, -ETN- Exclusive Target Networking Events™.
When you book to attend our MeetUps you receive a call from our -ETN- Events Team who will confirm which type of delegates you want to network with by industry choice before the MeetUp Group.
-ETN- Exclusive Target Networking™ is an effective strategic networking model you focus on "networking with your target audience" to save time instead of attending multiple networking events.
Click here to see -ETN- in the Media
For more info contact Channelle in Events Team, contact on 0845 269 8036 | 07931 32 66 79 | firstname.lastname@example.com | http://www.bellanetworking.com/
Conntect with us - Facebook | Twitter | YouTube
See some of our event testimonials.
1. Tim Sheed - http://www.tela.co.uk/
Head of New Business, Tela BellaNetworking organised a fantastically well attended networking event last month. I met a huge variety of businesses from various sectors and I will definitely be attending future events. Keep up the good work Bella!"
3. Jonathan Harris - http://www.harrisment.co.uk/
Creative Director, Harrisment
Bella brings networking to life with enthusiasm, humour and a unique and quirky approach to life. Never afraid to call it as it is, her simple, down to earth advice is some that many start ups could benefit from. Keep it simple, fear nothing and always smile!"
4. Daniel Ross - http://www.crownmarkcompany.co.uk
Crownmark Company - Export Sales Manager If you are looking to network I highly recommend BellaNetworking Event because Bella (the founder) of Rareworld has warmth and positive mind set, makes her a rare find and sets her uniquely apart from other business networking groups. I commend Bella for the warmth with which I was made welcomed at her recent Summer party. The event was well organised, professional, and I made lots and lots of new contacts. I look forward to attending future events organised by BellaNetworking.
5. Petrova Lewis - http://www.thehebefoundation.org.uk/
Trustee Board member The Hebe Foundation
"Bella hosts yet another brilliant event; I have attended a number of Rareworld events and have found them to be a great source for making genuine contacts and networking opportunities in a professional and friendly environment. I have picked up sound, practical insight and advise on a range of business development topics, from Bella, who is passionate about what she does and helping others. Thanks for sharing your insight with us, can't wait for the next event."
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text:
Al-Ghad, July 4, 2006
The Cartoon's headline: "The International Legitimacy."
Israeli Foreign Minster Zipi Livni controls U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice who controls U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan.
Al-Ghad, June 23, 2006
Ad-Dustur, June 13, 2006
The cartoon's headline is: "Why they hate us [the U.S.]?!"
U.S. President George W. Bush is saying: "Israel has the full right to defend itself."
Ad-Dustur, May 16, 2006
Everyone is pointing at Ahmadinijad as an "Anti-Semitic." On the kite: "Death to Israel."
Al-Ghad, May 11, 2006
President Bush is on the right being controlled by the Jewish hand; U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan, being controlled by Bush, is heading to the "Middle East," whiles holding the "seventh chapter" of the U.N charter.
Ar-Rai, April 16, 2006
The Jew is controlling United States Ambassador to the U.N. John Bolton. In Arabic, on the right "Palestine" and on the left "Iran."
Ad-Dustur, April 13, 2006
Ad-Dustur, March 8, 2006
The man is washing Acting Prime Minister Ehud Olmert using "Palestinian blood." On the wall the posters read: "Vote for Olmert � evil successor (as) evil ancestor." (Meaning: "Like father like son")
Ad-Dustur, February 22, 2006
The Hamas representative is holding a document entitled: "Political Concessions Free of Charge." The Jew is holding the key for "Palestinian people's rights and achievements." The Jew is saying to the Hamas representative: "Surrender and I will secure you."
Ad-Dustur, January 21, 2006
The Iranian on the left is holding "The Iranian Nuclear Portfolio."
� 2006 Anti-Defamation League


text:
2 cups milk
2 ounces Turkish delight, cut into small cubes, plus extra for garnish
1/2 cup heavy cream
2 teaspoons rosewater
1/2 teaspoon honey
Pinch ground cardamom
1 tablespoon unsalted pistachio nuts, finely chopped
In a small saucepan over medium heat, combine the milk and Turkish delight. Heat, stirring constantly, until the mixture just reaches the boiling point. Remove from the heat and set aside.
In a medium bowl, use an electric mixer or whisk to beat the cream, rosewater, honey and cardamom until just stiff.
Divide the milk mixture between two serving cups, then top with the whipped cream. Garnish with additional cubes of Turkish delight and the chopped pistachio nuts.
Start to finish: 10 minutes
Servings: 2
Recipe from Louise Pickford's Hot Drinks (Ryland, Peters & Small, 2008)


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Princeton University's Lewis Center for the Arts and the Department of Music celebrate the launch of a new Program in Music Theater with a day-long symposium on Friday, October 8, 2016 at the James M. Stewart '32 Theater. READ MORE
Dasha Koltunyuk '15, Marketing & Outreach Manager, Wins Thousand Islands International Chopin Competition
Congratulations to Dasha Koltunyuk '2015, Marketing & Outreach Manager for the Music Department, who won first place at the Thousand Islands International Piano Competition. First place prize was $2000. Second and third place winners were students from the Cleveland Institute of Music and the Eastman School of Music. READ MORE
The daylong tribute at Princeton University's Taplin Auditorium includes three free concerts: a 1 p.m. performance of chamber music and solos by the Composers Guild of New Jersey, with remarks by former Babbitt students and collaborators; a 3 p.m. piano recital by Robert Taub, who premiered many of Babbitt's piano works, in a program that also includes Beethoven, Brahms, Schoenberg and Scriabin; and an 8 p.m. concert featuring the work of Lansky, Tymoczko, Seo and others.
Our congratulations to Dr. Cohen, Class of 2015! "After reviewing 346 submissions from 31 countries, the judging panel awarded Gilad Cohen, of Ridgewood, New Jersey, the $12,000 Barlow Prize to compose a major new work in 2017 for violin and piano." READ MORE
Musicology Prof. Simon Morrison has published a delightful response to the popular phenomenon Pokemon GO for the American Musicological Society. READ MORE
Congratulations to our newly appointed Director of Jazz, Rudresh Mahanthappa, who has again been named a winner in the 2016 DownBeat International Critics Poll in the category of Alto Saxophone. The August issue of DownBeat, which arrives on newsstands on July 19, has features on winning artists as well the complete results for all 62 categories, listing more than 1,200 artists who received votes in the poll.
A profile on Caroline Shaw has recently been published in The Guardian (London). Check it out!
The New York Times: "Meanwhile, on Tuesday, Prism and So Percussion presented Steven Mackey's "Blue Notes and Other Clashes." In introductory remarks from the stage, Mr. Mackey, an electric guitarist with a strong background in blues and rock, said he had been inspired by the "blue note" in jazz, "the right wrong note that hurts so good." READ MORE
Princeton University's Department of Music has appointed the esteemed saxophonist and composer as the Anthony H. P. Lee '79 Senior Lecturer in Jazz Studies. READ MORE


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EDIT: I haven't slept in 48 hours..Why not spend the time you're on the computer having power naps instead? D:
Posted April 15th, 2010 at 6:01 PM by Cherrim
EDIT: I haven't slept in 48 hours..SNAP. THat's craaazzyy!!!
Yeah.. Hopefully..
the past 3 days I've gotten 3 hours or sleep each day earlier. I'm surprised I'm not making any huge spelling errors but I bet if I look back on this post sometime later I'll probably catch a whole bunch.. lol..
Posted April 15th, 2010 at 5:34 PM by Kura
EDIT: I haven't slept in 48 hours..A little over 24 hours @_@
Posted April 15th, 2010 at 5:33 PM by Zet
EDIT: I haven't slept in 48 hours.....somewhere around 48 hours, but I began hallucinating...
You should sleep before that point, m'dear. o3o
Posted April 15th, 2010 at 5:28 PM by Hiidoran
Man..I'm going to wait and just buy Grey version when it comes out, lol. I'll probably buy both like I always do.
Posted April 9th, 2010 at 7:46 AM by .Gamer
Man..My pattern is Blue, Silver, Crystal, Sapphire, Leaf Green, Emerald, Pearl, Platinum, Soul Silver.
Probably gonna go with White, and no it's not because I claimed "Cure White" as one of my bishies... or is it?
Posted April 9th, 2010 at 4:07 AM by Elite Overlord LeSabre™
Man..Thinking of going with Black but it all rests upon which version has the better exclusives.
Posted April 9th, 2010 at 3:42 AM by Zet
Man..Yeah, MW, Black and White are the names of the Gen V Pokemon games.
Posted April 9th, 2010 at 3:30 AM by Swift!
Man..White . . . ?
*brainstorms* Umm . . . is this the new Pokemon game by any chance? And if it is, the counterpart wouldn't happen to be Black, would it?
/me needs to keep up with this kinda stuff
Posted April 9th, 2010 at 2:50 AM by Misheard Whisper
Man..I went Yellow, Gold, Sapphire, FireRed, Diamond, HeartGold. No real pattern there, I usually just choose the one with the coolest legendary.
Posted April 9th, 2010 at 2:33 AM by Swift!
Updated April 9th, 2010 at 4:13 AM by Swift!
Man..White! I tend to go for stuff that's the blue shade or just a cool color, but white's logo looks pretty spiffy.
Posted April 9th, 2010 at 2:31 AM by Ryoutarou
GAYS AND STRAIGHTS AND ALL THOSE IN BETWEEN.This blog speaks the truth. LGBT people cause greater separation when they make it into a big thing. Let's face it, you're gonna cause less drama if you don't make it a point to explicitly tell everybody you meet that you're gay. And yes, I have noticed a discrepancy between the percentage of LGBT people on PC and in real life.
Seth. - homosexuality has actually been around for thousands of years: many historians believe that there were homosexuals and bisexuals in ancient Greece and Rome, the female and supposedly lesbian poet Sappho being one of the most prominent examples.
EDIT: And i just realised how long ago this was posted XD ah well
Posted March 29th, 2010 at 10:37 AM by I Laugh at your Misfortune!
Some of my FAVOURITES-The last one's pretty cute. :3
Posted March 23rd, 2010 at 1:14 PM by Jordan
Some of my FAVOURITES-You've been obsessed with those Japanese emoticons ever since I sent you that link huh? lol
oooh moderated comments huh? I've never seen that icon before.
Posted March 23rd, 2010 at 1:44 AM by Amachi
Updated March 23rd, 2010 at 2:04 AM by Amachi
Some of my FAVOURITES-Me likes that first one. :D
Posted March 22nd, 2010 at 11:47 PM by Signomi
Some of my FAVOURITES-omfggg.
Cute.. xD I use to have a list of emotes like that, it's ...somewhere.. in my sea of files.
Posted March 22nd, 2010 at 11:16 PM by Tenn Kujo
I GOT THE DISNEY INTERNSHIP!!!Thanks guys :3 I appreciate it <3333
Posted March 10th, 2010 at 9:26 PM by Kura
I GOT THE DISNEY INTERNSHIP!!!Congrats Kura you really deserved something this big. I just hope you be able to get something like this or better for a full time job one day ;P
Posted March 9th, 2010 at 11:02 PM by Zet
I GOT THE DISNEY INTERNSHIP!!!Wowzers! Congratulations Kura! Dang you deserved it thought. I worked very hard for that internship. :3 I am so happy for you.
Posted March 9th, 2010 at 10:34 PM by Lucy Lu
Posted March 9th, 2010 at 8:17 PM by God


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On Thompson Street in Bordentown, Halloween is usually over the top. This year, it's over the rainbow.
Residents inspired by an accomplished pair of design professionals in their midst have transformed the charming block of 19th-century wooden houses into a Wizard of Oz fantasy.
Ruby slippers are suspended like sneakers from utility wires. Witches' hats, gnarled "talking" trees, and other decorative riffs on the classic 1939 movie adorn facades and front steps; a yellow-brick pattern is painted on the pavement.
And on Halloween night, the narrow one-way street will be free of cars between Second and Third so an estimated 1,000 visitors, many of them youngsters in costume, can enjoy the green-lit spectacle.


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Most Cited Journal of Biomechanics Articles
The most cited articles published since 2011, extracted from Scopus.
Biomechanical correlates of symptomatic and asymptomatic neurophysiological impairment in high school footballEvan L. Breedlove | Meghan Robinson | Thomas M. Talavage | Katherine E. Morigaki | Umit Yoruk | Kyle O'Keefe | Jeff King | Larry J. Leverenz | Jeffrey W. Gilger | Eric A. Nauman
Volume 45, Issue 7, April 2012, Pages 1265-1272
Concussion is a growing public health issue in the United States, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is the chief long-term concern linked to repeated concussions. Recently, attention has shifted toward subconcussive blows and the role they may play in the development of CTE. We recruited a cohort of high school football players for two seasons of observation. Acceleration sensors were placed in the helmets, and all contact activity was monitored. Pre-season computer-based neuropsychological tests and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) tests were also obtained in order to assess cognitive and neurophysiological health. In-season follow-up scans were then obtained both from individuals who had sustained a clinically-diagnosed concussion and those who had not. These changes were then related through stepwise regression to history of blows recorded throughout the football season up to the date of the scan. In addition to those subjects who had sustained a concussion, a substantial portion of our cohort who did not sustain concussions showed significant neurophysiological changes. Stepwise regression indicated significant relationships between the number of blows sustained by a subject and the ensuing neurophysiological change. Our findings reinforce the hypothesis that the effects of repetitive blows to the head are cumulative and that repeated exposure to subconcussive blows is connected to pathologically altered neurophysiology. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Mechanics, mechanobiology, and modeling of human abdominal aorta and aneurysmsJ. D. Humphrey | G. A. Holzapfel
Volume 45, Issue 5, March 2012, Pages 805-814
Biomechanical factors play fundamental roles in the natural history of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and their responses to treatment. Advances during the past two decades have increased our understanding of the mechanics and biology of the human abdominal aorta and AAAs, yet there remains a pressing need for considerable new data and resulting patient-specific computational models that can better describe the current status of a lesion and better predict the evolution of lesion geometry, composition, and material properties and thereby improve interventional planning. In this paper, we briefly review data on the structure and function of the human abdominal aorta and aneurysmal wall, past models of the mechanics, and recent growth and remodeling models. We conclude by identifying open problems that we hope will motivate studies to improve our computational modeling and thus general understanding of AAAs. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Pulse wave propagation in a model human arterial network: Assessment of 1-D visco-elastic simulations against in vitro measurementsJordi Alastruey | Ashraf W. Khir | Koen S. Matthys | Patrick Segers | Spencer J. Sherwin | Pascal R. Verdonck | Kim H. Parker | Joaquim Peiró
Volume 44, Issue 12, August 2011, Pages 2250-2258
The accuracy of the nonlinear one-dimensional (1-D) equations of pressure and flow wave propagation in Voigt-type visco-elastic arteries was tested against measurements in a well-defined experimental 1:1 replica of the 37 largest conduit arteries in the human systemic circulation. The parameters required by the numerical algorithm were directly measured in the in vitro setup and no data fitting was involved. The inclusion of wall visco-elasticity in the numerical model reduced the underdamped high-frequency oscillations obtained using a purely elastic tube law, especially in peripheral vessels, which was previously reported in this paper [Matthys et al., 2007. Pulse wave propagation in a model human arterial network: Assessment of 1-D numerical simulations against in vitro measurements. J. Biomech. 40, 3476-3486]. In comparison to the purely elastic model, visco-elasticity significantly reduced the average relative root-mean-square errors between numerical and experimental waveforms over the 70 locations measured in the in vitro model: from 3.0% to 2.5% (p<0.012) for pressure and from 15.7% to 10.8% (p<0.002) for the flow rate. In the frequency domain, average relative errors between numerical and experimental amplitudes from the 5th to the 20th harmonic decreased from 0.7% to 0.5% (p<0.107) for pressure and from 7.0% to 3.3% (p<10-6) for the flow rate. These results provide additional support for the use of 1-D reduced modelling to accurately simulate clinically relevant problems at a reasonable computational cost. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Effect of low pass filtering on joint moments from inverse dynamics: Implications for injury preventionEirik Kristianslund | Tron Krosshaug | Antonie J. Van den Bogert
Volume 45, Issue 4, February 2012, Pages 666-671
Analyses of joint moments are important in the study of human motion, and are crucial for our understanding of e.g. how and why ACL injuries occur. Such analyses may be affected by artifacts due to inconsistencies in the equations of motion when force and movement data are filtered with different cut-off frequencies. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of these artifacts, and compare joint moments calculated with the same or different cut-off frequency for the filtering of force and movement data. 123 elite handball players performed sidestep cutting while the movement was recorded by eight 240. Hz cameras and the ground reaction forces were recorded by a 960. Hz force plate. Knee and hip joint moments were calculated through inverse dynamics, with four different combinations of cut-off frequencies for signal filtering: movement 10. Hz, force 10. Hz, (10-10); movement 15. Hz, force 15. Hz; movement 10. Hz, force 50. Hz (10-50); movement 15. Hz, force 50. Hz. The results revealed significant differences, especially between conditions with different filtering of force and movement. Mean (SD) peak knee abduction moment for the 10-10 and 10-50 condition were 1.27 (0.53) and 1.64 (0.68) Nm/kg, respectively. Ranking of players based on knee abduction moments were affected by filtering condition. Out of 20 players with peak knee abduction moment higher than mean+1. SD with the 10-50 condition, only 11 were still above mean+1. SD when the 10-10 condition was applied. Hip moments were very sensitive to filtering cut-off. Mean (SD) peak hip flexion moment was 3.64 (0.75) and 5.92 (1.80) under the 10-10 and 10-50 conditions, respectively. Based on these findings, force and movement data should be processed with the same filter. Conclusions from previous inverse dynamics studies, where this was not the case, should be treated with caution. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Head impact exposure in collegiate football playersJoseph J. Crisco | Bethany J. Wilcox | Jonathan G. Beckwith | Jeffrey J. Chu | Ann Christine Duhaime | Steven Rowson | Stefan M. Duma | Arthur C. Maerlender | Thomas W. McAllister | Richard M. Greenwald
Volume 44, Issue 15, October 2011, Pages 2673-2678
In American football, impacts to the helmet and the resulting head accelerations are the primary cause of concussion injury and potentially chronic brain injury. The purpose of this study was to quantify exposures to impacts to the head (frequency, location and magnitude) for individual collegiate football players and to investigate differences in head impact exposure by player position. A total of 314 players were enrolled at three institutions and 286,636 head impacts were recorded over three seasons. The 95th percentile peak linear and rotational acceleration and HITsp (a composite severity measure) were 62.7g, 4378rad/s 2 and 32.6, respectively. These exposure measures as well as the frequency of impacts varied significantly by player position and by helmet impact location. Running backs (RB) and quarter backs (QB) received the greatest magnitude head impacts, while defensive line (DL), offensive line (OL) and line backers (LB) received the most frequent head impacts (more than twice as many than any other position). Impacts to the top of the helmet had the lowest peak rotational acceleration (2387rad/s 2), but the greatest peak linear acceleration (72.4g), and were the least frequent of all locations (13.7%) among all positions. OL and QB had the highest (49.2%) and the lowest (23.7%) frequency, respectively, of front impacts. QB received the greatest magnitude (70.8g and 5428rad/s 2) and the most frequent (44% and 38.9%) impacts to the back of the helmet. This study quantified head impact exposure in collegiate football, providing data that is critical to advancing the understanding of the biomechanics of concussive injuries and sub-concussive head impacts. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Effect of non-Newtonian and pulsatile blood flow on mass transport in the human aortaXiao Liu | Yubo Fan | Xiaoyan Deng | Fan Zhan
Volume 44, Issue 6, April 2011, Pages 1123-1131
To investigate the effects of both non-Newtonian behavior and the pulsation of blood flow on the distributions of luminal surface LDL concentration and oxygen flux along the wall of the human aorta, we numerically compared a non-Newtonian model with the Newtonian one under both steady flow and in vivo pulsatile flow conditions using a human aorta model constructed from MRI images. The results showed that under steady flow conditions, although the shear thinning non-Newtonian nature of blood could elevate wall shear stress (WSS) in most regions of the aorta, especially areas with low WSS, it had little effect on luminal surface LDL concentration (cw) in most regions of the aorta. Nevertheless, it could significantly enhance cw in areas with high luminal surface LDL concentration through the shear dependent diffusivity of LDLs. For oxygen transport, the shear thinning non-Newtonian nature of blood could slightly reduce oxygen flux in most regions of the aorta, but this effect became much more apparent in areas with already low oxygen flux. The pulsation of blood flow could significantly reduce cw and enhance oxygen flux in these disturbed places. In most other regions of the aorta, the oxygen flux was also significantly higher than that for the steady flow simulation. In conclusion, the shear shining non-Newtonian nature of blood has little effect on LDL and oxygen transport in most regions of the aorta, but in the atherogenic-prone areas where luminal surface LDL concentration is high and oxygen flux is low, its effect is apparent. Similar is for the effect of pulsatile flow on the transport of LDLs. But, the pulsation of blood flow can apparently affect oxygen flux in the aorta, especially in areas with low oxygen flux. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Micro-computed tomography with iodine staining resolves the arrangement of muscle fibresNathan S. Jeffery | Robert S. Stephenson | James A. Gallagher | Jonathan C. Jarvis | Philip G. Cox
Volume 44, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 189-192
We illustrate here microCT images in which contrast between muscle and connective tissue has been achieved by means of staining with iodine. Enhancement is shown to be dependent on the concentration of iodine solution (I2KI), time in solution and specimen size. Histological examination confirms that the arrangement of individual muscle fibres can be visualised on the enhanced microCT images, and that the iodine accumulates in the muscle fibres in preference to the surrounding connective tissues. We explore the application of this technique to describe the fibrous structure of skeletal muscle, and conclude that it has the potential to become a non-destructive and cost-effective method for investigating muscle fascicle architecture, particularly in comparative morphological studies. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Characterization of passive elastic properties of the human medial gastrocnemius muscle belly using supersonic shear imagingOlivier Maïsetti | François Hug | Killian Bouillard | Antoine Nordez
Volume 45, Issue 6, April 2012, Pages 978-984
The passive elastic properties of a muscle-tendon complex are usually estimated from the relationship between the joint angle and the passive resistive torque, although the properties of the different structures crossing the joint cannot be easily assessed. This study aimed to determine the passive mechanical properties of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle (GM) using supersonic shear imaging (SSI) that allows the measurement of localized muscle shear modulus (μ). The SSI of the GM was taken for 7 subjects during passive ankle dorsiflexion at a range of knee positions performed on an isokinetic dynamometer. The relationship between normalized μ and the length of the gastrocnemius muscle-tendon units (GMTU) was very well fitted to an exponential model (0.944
Mechanical signal influence on mesenchymal stem cell fate is enhanced by incorporation of refractory periods into the loading regimenBuer Sen | Zhihui Xie | Natasha Case | Maya Styner | Clinton T. Rubin | Janet Rubin
Volume 44, Issue 4, February 2011, Pages 593-599
Mechanical signals of both low and high intensity are inhibitory to fat and anabolic to bone in vivo, and have been shown to directly affect mesenchymal stem cell pools from which fat and bone precursors emerge. To identify an idealized mechanical regimen which can regulate MSC fate, low intensity vibration (LIV; <10 microstrain, 90. Hz) and high magnitude strain (HMS; 20,000 microstrain, 0.17. Hz) were examined in MSC undergoing adipogenesis. Two×twenty minute bouts of either LIV or HMS suppressed adipogenesis when there was at least a 1. h refractory period between bouts; this effect was enhanced when the rest period was extended to 3. h. Mechanical efficacy to inhibit adipogenesis increased with additional loading bouts if a refractory period was incorporated. Mechanical suppression of adipogenesis with LIV involved inhibition of GSK3Β with subsequent activation of Β-catenin as has been shown for HMS. These data indicate that mechanical biasing of MSC lineage selection is more dependent on event scheduling than on load magnitude or duration. As such, a full day of rest should not be required to "reset" the mechanical responsiveness of MSCs, and suggests that incorporating several brief mechanical challenges within a 24. h period may improve salutary endpoints in vivo. That two diverse mechanical inputs are enhanced by repetition after a refractory period suggests that rapid cellular adaptation can be targeted. © 2010 .
Measurement of the hyperelastic properties of ex vivo brain tissue slicesT. Kaster | I. Sack | A. Samani
Volume 44, Issue 6, April 2011, Pages 1158-1163
The elastic and hyperelastic properties of brain tissue are of interest to the medical research community as there are several applications where accurate characterization of these properties is crucial for an accurate outcome. The linear response is applicable to brain elastography, while the non-linear response is of interest for surgical simulation programs. Because of the biological differences between gray and white matter, it is reasonable to expect a difference in their mechanical properties. The goal of this work is to characterize the elastic and hyperelastic properties of the brain gray and white matter. In this method, force-displacement data of these tissues were acquired from 25 different brain samples using an indentation apparatus. These data were processed with an inverse problem algorithm using finite element method as the forward problem solver. Young's modulus and the hyperelastic parameters corresponding to the commonly used Polynomial, Yeoh, Arruda-Boyce, and Ogden models were obtained. The parameters characterizing the linear and non-linear mechanical behavior of gray and white matters were found to be significantly different. Young's modulus was 1787±186 and 1195±157. Pa for white matter and gray matter, respectively. Among hyperelastic models, due to its accuracy, fewer parameters and shorter computational time requirements, Yeoh model was found to be the most suitable. Due to the significant differences between the linear and non-linear tissue response, we conclude that incorporating these differences into brain biomechanical models is necessary to increase accuracy. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Dynamic stability of human walking in visually and mechanically destabilizing environmentsPatricia M. McAndrew | Jason M. Wilken | Jonathan B. Dingwell
Volume 44, Issue 4, February 2011, Pages 644-649
Understanding how humans remain stable during challenging locomotor activities is critical to developing effective tests to diagnose patients with increased fall risk. This study determined if different continuous low-amplitude perturbations would induce specific measureable changes in measures of dynamic stability during walking. We applied continuous pseudo-random oscillations of either the visual scene or support surface in either the anterior-posterior or mediolateral directions to subjects walking in a virtual environment with speed-matched optic flow. Floquet multipliers and short-term local divergence exponents both increased (indicating greater instability) during perturbed walking. These responses were generally much stronger for body movements occurring in the same directions as the applied perturbations. Likewise, subjects were more sensitive to both visual and mechanical perturbations applied in the mediolateral direction than to those applied in the anterior-posterior direction, consistent with previous experiments and theoretical predictions. These responses were likewise consistent with subjects' anecdotal perceptions of which perturbation conditions were most challenging. Contrary to the Floquet multipliers and short-term local divergence exponents, which both increased, long-term local divergence exponenets decreased during perturbed walking. However, this was consistent with specific changes in the mean log divergence curves, which indicated that subjects' movements reached their maximum local divergence limits more quickly during perturbed walking. Overall, the Floquet multipliers were less sensitive, but reflected greater specificity in their responses to the different perturbation conditions. Conversely, the short-term local divergence exponents exhibited less specificity in their responses, but were more sensitive measures of instability in general. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Feasibility of a gait retraining strategy for reducing knee joint loading: Increased trunk lean guided by real-time biofeedbackMichael A. Hunt | Milena Simic | Rana S. Hinman | Kim L. Bennell | Tim V. Wrigley
Volume 44, Issue 5, March 2011, Pages 943-947
The purpose of this feasibility study was to examine changes in frontal plane knee and hip walking biomechanics following a gait retraining strategy focused on increasing lateral trunk lean and to quantify reports of difficulty and joint discomfort when performing such a gait modification. After undergoing a baseline analysis of normal walking, 9 young, healthy participants were trained to modify their gait to exhibit small (4°), medium (8°), and large (12°) amounts of lateral trunk lean. Training was guided by the use of real-time biofeedback of the actual trunk lean angle. Peak frontal plane external knee and hip joint moments were compared across conditions. Participants were asked to report the degree of difficulty and the presence of any joint discomfort for each amount of trunk lean modification. Small (4°), medium (8°), and large (12°) amounts of lateral trunk lean reduced the peak external knee adduction moment (KAM) by 7%, 21%, and 25%, respectively, though the peak KAM was only significantly less in the medium and large conditions (p<0.001). Increased trunk lean also significantly reduced the peak external hip adduction moments (p<0.001). All participants reported at least some difficulty performing the exaggerated trunk lean pattern and three participants reported ipsilateral knee, hip, and/or lower spine discomfort. Results from this study indicate that a gait pattern with increased lateral trunk lean can effectively reduce frontal plane joint moments. Though these findings have implications for pathological populations, learning this gait pattern was associated with some difficulty and joint discomfort. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Influence of material coupling and assembly condition on the magnitude of micromotion at the stem-neck interface of a modular hip endoprosthesisS. Y. Jauch | G. Huber | E. Hoenig | M. Baxmann | T. M. Grupp | M. M. Morlock
Volume 44, Issue 9, June 2011, Pages 1747-1751
Hip prostheses with a modular neck exhibit, compared to monobloc prostheses, an additional interface which bears the risk of fretting as well as corrosion. Failures at the neck adapter of modular prostheses have been observed for a number of different designs. It has been speculated that micromotions at the stem-neck interface were responsible for these implant failures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of material combinations and assembly conditions on the magnitude of micromotions at the stem-neck interface during cyclic loading.Modular (n=24) and monobloc (n=3) hip prostheses of a similar design (Metha, Aesculap AG, Tuttlingen, Germany) were subjected to mechanical testing according to ISO 7206-4 (Fmin=230N, Fmax=2300N, f=1Hz, n=10,000 cycles). The neck adapters (Ti-6Al-4V or Co-Cr29-Mo alloy) were assembled with a clean or contaminated interface. The micromotion between stem and neck adapter was calculated at five reference points based on the measurements of the three eddy current sensors.The largest micromotions were observed at the lateral edge of the stem-neck taper connection, which is in accordance with the crack location of clinically failed prostheses. Titanium neck adapters showed significantly larger micromotions than cobalt-chromium neck adapters (p=0.005). Contaminated interfaces also exhibited significantly larger micromotions (p<0.001). Since excessive micromotions at the stem-neck interface might be involved in the process of implant failure, special care should be taken to clean the interface prior to assembly and titanium neck adapters with titanium stems should generally be used with caution. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
The effects of femoral graft placement on in vivo knee kinematics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstructionE. S. Abebe | G. M. Utturkar | D. C. Taylor | C. E. Spritzer | J. P. Kim | C. T. Moorman | W. E. Garrett | L. E. DeFrate
Volume 44, Issue 5, March 2011, Pages 924-929
Achieving anatomical graft placement remains a concern in Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of femoral graft placement on the ability of ACL reconstruction to restore normal knee kinematics under in vivo loading conditions. Two different groups of patients were studied: one in which the femoral tunnel was placed near the anterior and proximal border of the ACL (anteroproximal group, n=12) and another where the femoral tunnel was placed near the center of the ACL (anatomic group, n=10). MR imaging and biplanar fluoroscopy were used to measure in vivo kinematics in these patients during a quasi-static lunge. Patients with anteroproximal graft placement had up to 3.4. mm more anterior tibial translation, 1.1. mm more medial tibial translation and 3.7° more internal tibial rotation compared to the contralateral side. Patients with anatomic graft placement had motion that more closely replicated that of the intact knee, with anterior tibial translation within 0.8. mm, medial tibial translation within 0.5. mm, and internal tibial rotation within 1° Grafts placed anteroproximally on the femur likely provide insufficient restraint to these motions due to a more vertical orientation. Anatomical femoral placement of the graft is more likely to reproduce normal ACL orientation, resulting in a more stable knee. Therefore, achieving anatomical graft placement on the femur is crucial to restoring normal knee function and may decrease the rates of joint degeneration after ACL reconstruction. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
In vitro indentation to determine the mechanical properties of epidermisMarion Geerligs | Lambert van Breemen | Gerrit Peters | Paul Ackermans | Frank Baaijens | Cees Oomens
Volume 44, Issue 6, April 2011, Pages 1176-1181
The lack of understanding of the mechanical behavior of the human skin layers makes the development of drug delivery using microneedles or microjets a challenging task. In particular, the key mechanical properties of the epidermis composed of stratum corneum and viable epidermis should be better understood. Micro-indentation experiments were applied, using a spherical tip with a large diameter to the sample thickness ratio. The Young's moduli were derived via an analytical and a numerical method. The tests showed that the analytical method was not appropriate to assess the Young's moduli. That is why a numerical model was used to obtain the correct stiffness. When loaded perpendicularly, the stiffness of both the epidermis and stratum corneum vary between 1 and 2. MPa. No significant differences in stiffness between the stratum corneum and viable epidermis were observed. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Mechanical force characterization in manipulating live cells with optical tweezersYanhua Wu | Dong Sun | Wenhao Huang
Volume 44, Issue 4, February 2011, Pages 741-746
Laser trapping with optical tweezers is a noninvasive manipulation technique and has received increasing attentions in biological applications. Understanding forces exerted on live cells is essential to cell biomechanical characterizations. Traditional numerical or experimental force measurement assumes live cells as ideal objects, ignoring their complicated inner structures and rough membranes. In this paper, we propose a new experimental method to calibrate the trapping and drag forces acted on live cells. Binding a micro polystyrene sphere to a live cell and moving the mixture with optical tweezers, we can obtain the drag force on the cell by subtracting the drag force on the sphere from the total drag force on the mixture, under the condition of extremely low Reynolds number. The trapping force on the cell is then obtained from the drag force when the cell is in force equilibrium state. Experiments on numerous live cells demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed force calibration approach. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Role of the acetabular labrum in load support across the hip jointCorinne R. Henak | Benjamin J. Ellis | Michael D. Harris | Andrew E. Anderson | Christopher L. Peters | Jeffrey A. Weiss
Volume 44, Issue 12, August 2011, Pages 2201-2206
The relatively high incidence of labral tears among patients presenting with hip pain suggests that the acetabular labrum is often subjected to injurious loading in vivo. However, it is unclear whether the labrum participates in load transfer across the joint during activities of daily living. This study examined the role of the acetabular labrum in load transfer for hips with normal acetabular geometry and acetabular dysplasia using subject-specific finite element analysis. Models were generated from volumetric CT data and analyzed with and without the labrum during activities of daily living. The labrum in the dysplastic model supported 4-11% of the total load transferred across the joint, while the labrum in the normal model supported only 1-2% of the total load. Despite the increased load transferred to the acetabular cartilage in simulations without the labrum, there were minimal differences in cartilage contact stresses. This was because the load supported by the cartilage correlated with the cartilage contact area. A higher percentage of load was transferred to the labrum in the dysplastic model because the femoral head achieved equilibrium near the lateral edge of the acetabulum. The results of this study suggest that the labrum plays a larger role in load transfer and joint stability in hips with acetabular dysplasia than in hips with normal acetabular geometry. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Effect of superficial collagen patterns and fibrillation of femoral articular cartilage on knee joint mechanics-A 3D finite element analysisM. E. Mononen | M. T. Mikkola | P. Julkunen | R. Ojala | M. T. Nieminen | J. S. Jurvelin | R. K. Korhonen
Volume 45, Issue 3, February 2012, Pages 579-587
Collagen fibrils of articular cartilage have specific depth-dependent orientations and the fibrils bend in the cartilage surface to exhibit split-lines. Fibrillation of superficial collagen takes place in osteoarthritis. We aimed to investigate the effect of superficial collagen fibril patterns and collagen fibrillation of cartilage on stresses and strains within a knee joint. A 3D finite element model of a knee joint with cartilage and menisci was constructed based on magnetic resonance imaging. The fibril-reinforced poroviscoelastic material properties with depth-dependent collagen orientations and split-line patterns were included in the model. The effects of joint loading on stresses and strains in cartilage with various split-line patterns and medial collagen fibrillation were simulated under axial impact loading of 1000. N. In the model, the collagen fibrils resisted strains along the split-line directions. This increased also stresses along the split-lines. On the contrary, contact and pore pressures were not affected by split-line patterns. Simulated medial osteoarthritis increased tissue strains in both medial and lateral femoral condyles, and contact and pore pressures in the lateral femoral condyle. This study highlights the importance of the collagen fibril organization, especially that indicated by split-line patterns, for the weight-bearing properties of articular cartilage. Osteoarthritic changes of cartilage in the medial femoral condyle created a possible failure point in the lateral femoral condyle. This study provides further evidence on the importance of the collagen fibril organization for the optimal function of articular cartilage. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Changes in contractile properties of muscles receiving repeat injections of botulinum toxin (Botox)Rafael Fortuna | Marco Aurélio Vaz | Aliaa Rehan Youssef | David Longino | Walter Herzog
Volume 44, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 39-44
Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is a frequently used therapeutic tool to denervate muscles in the treatment of neuromuscular disorders. Although considered safe by the US Food and Drug Administration, BTX-A can produce adverse effects in target and non-target muscles. With an increased use of BTX-A for neuromuscular disorders, the effects of repeat injections of BTX-A on strength, muscle mass and structure need to be known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in strength, muscle mass and contractile material in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. Twenty NZW rabbits were divided into 4 groups: control and 1, 3 and 6 months of unilateral, repeat injections of BTX-A into the quadriceps femoris. Outcome measures included knee extensor torque, muscle mass and the percentage of contractile material in the quadriceps muscles of the target and non-injected contralateral hindlimbs. Strength in the injected muscles was reduced by 88%, 89% and 95% in the 1, 3 and 6 months BTX-A injected hindlimbs compared to controls. Muscle mass was reduced by 50%, 42% and 31% for the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF) and vastus medialis (VM), respectively, at 1 month, by 68%, 51% and 50% at 3 months and by 76%, 44% and 13% at 6 months. The percentage of contractile material was reduced for the 3 and 6 months animals to 80-64%, respectively, and was replaced primarily by fat. Similar, but less pronounced results were also observed for the quadriceps muscles of the contralateral hindlimbs, suggesting that repeat BTX-A injections cause muscle atrophy and loss of contractile tissue in target muscles and also in non-target muscles that are far removed from the injection site. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Investigation of hemodynamics in the development of dissecting aneurysm within patient-specific dissecting aneurismal aortas using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulationsKwong Ming Tse | Peixuan Chiu | Heow Pueh Lee | Pei Ho
Volume 44, Issue 5, March 2011, Pages 827-836
Aortic dissecting aneurysm is one of the most catastrophic cardiovascular emergencies that carries high mortality. It was pointed out from clinical observations that the aneurysm development is likely to be related to the hemodynamics condition of the dissected aorta. In order to gain more insight on the formation and progression of dissecting aneurysm, hemodynamic parameters including flow pattern, velocity distribution, aortic wall pressure and shear stress, which are difficult to measure in vivo, are evaluated using numerical simulations. Pulsatile blood flow in patient-specific dissecting aneurismal aortas before and after the formation of lumenal aneurysm (pre-aneurysm and post-aneurysm) is investigated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Realistic time-dependent boundary conditions are prescribed at various arteries of the complete aorta models. This study suggests the helical development of false lumen around true lumen may be related to the helical nature of hemodynamic flow in aorta. Narrowing of the aorta is responsible for the massive recirculation in the poststenosis region in the lumenal aneurysm development. High pressure difference of 0.21. kPa between true and false lumens in the pre-aneurismal aorta infers the possible lumenal aneurysm site in the descending aorta. It is also found that relatively high time-averaged wall shear stress (in the range of 4-8. kPa) may be associated with tear initiation and propagation. CFD modeling assists in medical planning by providing blood flow patterns, wall pressure and wall shear stress. This helps to understand various phenomena in the development of dissecting aneurysm. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Three-dimensional modular control of human walkingJessica L. Allen | Richard R. Neptune
Volume 45, Issue 12, August 2012, Pages 2157-2163
Recent studies have suggested that complex muscle activity during walking may be controlled using a reduced neural control strategy organized around the co-excitation of multiple muscles, or modules. Previous computer simulation studies have shown that five modules satisfy the sagittal-plane biomechanical sub-tasks of 2D walking. The present study shows that a sixth module, which contributes primarily to mediolateral balance control and contralateral leg swing, is needed to satisfy the additional non-sagittal plane demands of 3D walking. Body support was provided by Module 1 (hip and knee extensors, hip abductors) in early stance and Module 2 (plantarflexors) in late stance. In early stance, forward propulsion was provided by Module 4 (hamstrings), but net braking occurred due to Modules 1 and 2. Forward propulsion was provided by Module 2 in late stance. Module 1 accelerated the body medially throughout stance, dominating the lateral acceleration in early stance provided by Modules 4 and 6 (adductor magnus) and in late stance by Module 2, except near toe-off. Modules 3 (ankle dorsiflexors, rectus femoris) and 5 (hip flexors and adductors except adductor magnus) accelerated the ipsilateral leg forward in early swing whereas Module 4 decelerated the ipsilateral leg prior to heel-strike. Finally, Modules 1, 4 and 6 accelerated the contralateral leg forward prior to and during contralateral swing. Since the modules were based on experimentally measured muscle activity, these results provide further evidence that a simple neural control strategy involving muscle activation modules organized around task-specific biomechanical functions may be used to control complex human movements. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Advances in assessment of bone porosity, permeability and interstitial fluid flowLuis Cardoso | Susannah P. Fritton | Gaffar Gailani | Mohammed Benalla | Stephen C. Cowin
Volume 46, Issue 2, January 2013, Pages 253-265
This contribution reviews recent research performed to assess the porosity and permeability of bone tissue with the objective of understanding interstitial fluid movement. Bone tissue mechanotransduction is considered to occur due to the passage of interstitial pore fluid adjacent to dendritic cell structures in the lacunar-canalicular porosity. The movement of interstitial fluid is also necessary for the nutrition of osteocytes. This review will focus on four topics related to improved assessment of bone interstitial fluid flow. First, the advantages and limitations of imaging technologies to visualize bone porosities and architecture at several length scales are summarized. Second, recent efforts to measure the vascular porosity and lacunar-canalicular microarchitecture are discussed. Third, studies associated with the measurement and estimation of the fluid pressure and permeability in the vascular and lacunar-canalicular domains are summarized. Fourth, the development of recent models to represent the interchange of fluids between the bone porosities is described. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Modeling and experimentation of bone drilling forcesJuEun Lee | B. Arda Gozen | O. Burak Ozdoganlar
Volume 45, Issue 6, April 2012, Pages 1076-1083
Prediction and control of bone drilling forces are critical to the success of many orthopaedic operations. Uncontrolled and large forces can cause drill-bit breakage, drill breakthrough, excessive heat generation, and mechanical damage to the bone. This paper presents a mechanistic model for prediction of thrust forces and torques experienced during bone drilling. The model incorporates the radially varying drill-bit geometry and cutting conditions analytically, while capturing the material and friction properties empirically through a specific energy formulation. The forces from the chisel edge are modeled by considering the indentation process that occurs in the vicinity of the drill-bit axis. A procedure is outlined to calibrate the specific energies, where only a small number of calibration experiments are required for a wide range of drilling conditions and drill-bit geometry. The calibration parameters for the cortical portions of bovine tibia are identified through drilling tests. Subsequently, a series of validation tests are conducted under different feed rates and spindle speeds. The thrust forces and torques were observed to vary considerably between bones from different animals. The forces from the model were seen to match well with those from the experimentation within the inherent variations from the bone characteristics. The model can be used to select favorable drilling conditions, to assist in robotic surgeries, and to design optimal orthopaedic drill bits. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
A theoretical and non-destructive experimental approach for direct inclusion of measured collagen orientation and recruitment into mechanical models of the artery wallMichael R. Hill | Xinjie Duan | Gregory A. Gibson | Simon Watkins | Anne M. Robertson
Volume 45, Issue 5, March 2012, Pages 762-771
Gradual collagen recruitment has been hypothesized as the underlying mechanism for the mechanical stiffening with increasing stress in arteries. In this work, we investigated this hypothesis in eight rabbit carotid arteries by directly measuring the distribution of collagen recruitment stretch under increasing circumferential loading using a custom uniaxial (UA) extension device combined with a multi-photon microscope (MPM). This approach allowed simultaneous mechanical testing and imaging of collagen fibers without traditional destructive fixation methods. Fiber recruitment was quantified from 3D rendered MPM images, and fiber orientation was measured in projected stacks of images. Collagen recruitment was observed to initiate at a finite strain, corresponding to a sharp increase in the measured mechanical stiffness, confirming the previous hypothesis and motivating the development of a new constitutive model to capture this response.Previous constitutive equations for the arterial wall have modeled the collagen contribution with either abrupt recruitment at zero strain, abrupt recruitment at finite strain or as gradual recruitment beginning at infinitesimal strain. Based on our experimental data, a new combined constitutive model was presented in which fiber recruitment begins at a finite strain with activation stretch represented by a probability distribution function. By directly including this recruitment data, the collagen contribution was modeled using a simple Neo-Hookean equation. As a result, only two phenomenological material constants were required from the fit to the stress stretch data. Three other models for the arterial wall were then compared with these results. The approach taken here was successful in combining stress-strain analysis with simultaneous microstructural imaging of collagen recruitment and orientation, providing a new approach by which underlying fiber architecture may be quantified and included in constitutive equations. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
An open source lower limb model: Hip joint validationL. Modenese | A. T M Phillips | A. M J Bull
Volume 44, Issue 12, August 2011, Pages 2185-2193
Musculoskeletal lower limb models have been shown to be able to predict hip contact forces (HCFs) that are comparable to in vivo measurements obtained from instrumented prostheses. However, the muscle recruitment predicted by these models does not necessarily compare well to measured electromyographic (EMG) signals. In order to verify if it is possible to accurately estimate HCFs from muscle force patterns consistent with EMG measurements, a lower limb model based on a published anatomical dataset (Klein Horsman et al., 2007. Clinical Biomechanics. 22, 239-247) has been implemented in the open source software OpenSim. A cycle-to-cycle hip joint validation was conducted against HCFs recorded during gait and stair climbing trials of four arthroplasty patients (Bergmann et al., 2001. Journal of Biomechanics. 34, 859-871). Hip joint muscle tensions were estimated by minimizing a polynomial function of the muscle forces. The resulting muscle activation patterns obtained by assessing multiple powers of the objective function were compared against EMG profiles from the literature. Calculated HCFs denoted a tendency to monotonically increase their magnitude when raising the power of the objective function; the best estimation obtained from muscle forces consistent with experimental EMG profiles was found when a quadratic objective function was minimized (average overestimation at experimental peak frame: 10.1% for walking, 7.8% for stair climbing).The lower limb model can produce appropriate balanced sets of muscle forces and joint contact forces that can be used in a range of applications requiring accurate quantification of both. The developed model is available at the website https://simtk.org/home/low_limb_london. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.


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Charlie Mikeby Joe Klein
This is the true story of two decorated combat veterans linked by tragedy, who come home from the Middle East and find a new way to save their comrades and heal their country.In Charlie Mike, Joe Klein tells the dramatic story of Eric Greitens and Jake Wood, larger-than-life war heroes who come home and use their military discipline and values to help others. This is a story that hasn't been told before, one of the most hopeful to emerge from Iraq and Afghanistan--a saga of lives saved, not wasted. Greitens, a Navy SEAL and Rhodes Scholar, spends years working in refugee camps before he joins the military. He enlists because he believes the innocent of the world need heavily armed, moral protection. Wounded in Iraq, Greitens returns home and finds that his fellow veterans at Bethesda Naval Hospital all want the same thing: they want to continue to serve their country in some way, no matter the extent of their injuries. He founds The Mission Continues to provide paid public service fellowships for wounded veterans. One of the first Mission Continues fellows is charismatic former Marine sergeant Jake Wood, a natural leader who began Team Rubicon, organizing 9/11 veterans for dangerous disaster relief projects around the world. "We do chaos," he says. The chaos they face isn't only in the streets of Haiti after the 2011 earthquake or in New York City after Hurricane Sandy--it's also in the lives of their fellow veterans, who've come home from the wars traumatized and looking for a sense of purpose. Greitens and Wood believe that the military virtues of discipline and selflessness, of sacrifice for the greater good, can save lives--and not just the lives of their fellow veterans. They believe that invigorated veterans can lead, by personal example, to stronger communities--and they prove it in Charlie Mike. Their personal saga is compelling and inspirational: Greitens and Wood demonstrate how the skills of war can also provide a path to peace, personal satisfaction, and a more vigorous nation.
The Natural: The Misunderstood Presidency of Bill Clintonby Joe Klein
Novelist and political analyst Klein argues that for all the scandal and political disappointments, Clinton's two terms in office quietly made good times a little better and left no huge mess for the next tenant to clean up. Annotation c. Book News, Inc. , Portland, OR (booknews. com)
Paybackby Joe Klein
From the author of Primary Colors, "a remarkably sensitive story of a generation" (The New York Times Book Review): The critically acclaimed true story of five Marines who fought together in a bloody battle during the Vietnam War, barely escaping with their lives, and of what happened when they came home.In 1981, while the country was celebrating the end of the Iran hostage crisis, an unemployed Vietnam veteran named Gary Cooper went berserk with a gun, angry over the jubilant welcome the hostages received in contrast to his own homecoming from Vietnam, and was killed in a fight with police. In what has been called "the most eloquent work of nonfiction to emerge from Vietnam since Michael Herr's Dispatches" (The New York Times), Joe Klein tells Cooper's story, as well as the stories of four of the other vets in Cooper's platoon. The story begins with an ambush and a grisly battle in the Que Son Valley in 1967, but Payback is less about remembering the war and more about examining its long-term effects on the grunts who fought it. Klein fills in the next fifteen years of these Marines' lives after they return home, with "the sort of fine and private detail one ordinarily finds only in fiction" (People). The experiences of these five men capture the struggles of a whole generation of Vietnam veterans and their families. Klein's "near-hypnotic" account (Daily News, New York) is, to this day, both a remarkable piece of reporting and "some of the most vivid, harrowing, and emotionally honest writing to come out of Vietnam" (The Washington Post Book World).
Politics Lost: How American Democracy Was Trivialized By People Who Think You're Stupidby Joe Klein
People on the right are furious. People on the left are livid. And the center isn't holding. There is only one thing on which almost everyone agrees: there is something very wrong in Washington. The country is being run by pollsters. Few politicians are able to win the voters' trust. Blame abounds and personal responsibility is nowhere to be found. There is a cynicism in Washington that appalls those in every state, red or blue. The question is: Why? The more urgent question is: What can be done about it? Few people are more qualified to deal with both questions than Joe Klein. There are many loud and opinionated voices on the political scene, but no one sees or writes with the clarity that this respected observer brings to the table. He has spent a lifetime enmeshed in politics, studying its nuances, its quirks, and its decline. He is as angry and fed up as the rest of us, so he has decided to do something about it--in these pages, he vents, reconstructs, deconstructs, and reveals how and why our leaders are less interested in leading than they are in the "permanent campaign" that political life has become. The book opens with a stirring anecdote from the night of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination. Klein re-creates the scene of Robert Kennedy's appearance in a black neighborhood in Indianapolis, where he gave a gut-wrenching, poetic speech that showed respect for the audience, imparted dignity to all who listened, and quelled a potential riot. Appearing against the wishes of his security team, it was one of the last truly courageous and spontaneous acts by an American politician--and it is no accident that Klein connects courage to spontaneity. From there, Klein begins his analysis--campaign by campaign--of how things went wrong. From the McGovern campaign polling techniques to Roger Ailes's combative strategy for Nixon; from Reagan's reinvention of the Republican Party to Lee Atwater's equally brilliant reinvention of behind-the-scenes strategizing; from Jimmy Carter to George H. W. Bush to Bill Clinton to George W.--as well as inside looks at the losing sides--we see how the Democrats become diffuse and frightened, how the system becomes unbalanced, and how politics becomes less and less about ideology and more and more about how to gain and keep power. By the end of one of the most dismal political runs in history--Kerry's 2004 campaign for president--we understand how such traits as courage, spontaneity, and leadership have disappeared from our political landscape. In a fascinating final chapter, the author refuses to give easy answers since the push for easy answers has long been part of the problem. But he does give thoughtful solutions that just may get us out of this mess--especially if any of the 2008 candidates happen to be paying attention.
Primary Colorsby Joe Klein Anonymus
A brilliant and penetrating look behind the scenes of modern American politics, Primary Colors is a funny, wise, and dramatic story with characters and events that resemble some familiar, real-life figures. When a former congressional aide becomes part of the staff of the governor of a small Southern state, he watches in horror, admiration, and amazement, as the governor mixes calculation and sincerity in his not-so-above-board campaign for the presidency.From the Hardcover edition.
The Running Mateby Joe Klein
Hailed as 'astonishingly powerful' by the New York Times, 'a superb novel' by the Daily Telegraph and 'written perfectly' by the Washington Post, PRIMARY COLOURS was the most talked about political novel of the last decades of the twentieth century. It capitulated Anonymous- aka New Yorker Washington correspondent Joe Klein into the public eye as a novelist of the first rank. Now, in RUNNING MATE, Klein takes the reader on an exuberant, wicked and unerringly wise political journey with Senator Charlie Martin, a decorated Veteran of the war in Vietnam. The experience of combat and his easy dominance of home state politics have mad e Charlie fearless. He's a hot if occasionally reckless, political property dashing honourable and irreverent. No observer of contemporary politics has a clearer eye then Joe Klein, or can so effortlessly show the moral complexities that arise when public and private lives intertwine. In his superb new novel, he takes one man's attempt to come to terms with the brutality of the modern political arena-and gives us a book that reverberates with truth about the way we govern ourselves.
Woody Guthrie: A Lifeby Joe Klein
Biography of the singer, songmaker and restless spirit who defined the American character for a generation.
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CLF asks PSB for pipeline permit changeStaff Report | July 14,2014MONTPELIER - The Conservation Law Foundation asked the Public Service Board on Monday to require Vermont Gas Systems to seek an amended certificate of public good for Phase I of its natural gas pipeline project.
In its filing, CLF cited a $35 million, or 40 percent, increase in the cost of the project. CLF also asked the board to require VGS to halt construction unless and until it receives an amended permit.
"Vermont Gas is obligated to seek approval for any substantial change to its project. A 40 percent cost increase is a substantial change that requires review," Sandra Levine, CLF senior attorney said in a statement.
Vermont Gas received PSB approval in December for Phase I of its Addison Rutland Natural Gas Project. Phase I would extend the pipeline from Chittenden to parts of Addison County, including Middlebury.MORE IN This Just InBENNINGTON A North Bennington man who had worked as a crossing guard for the Village School of... Full StoryPROCTOR Two women were arrested Monday after allegedly being caught on camera assaulting... Full StoryA Benson man is facing a potential life sentence for allegedly having sex with a sleeping woman. Full Story
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POST is the alternative to GET. It sends data "invisibly" – your browser transmits the information from the form to the server behind the scenes, without appending it to the URL. POST can be used to send much larger amounts of data than GET, it will be more secure to send sensitive data but the results of the form action can not be bookmarked.
Variables sent to a PHP script using the POST method are made available to your program as items in the $_POST global array.
You can print out the content of $_POST to have a look at what the form has sent to your server:
a simple form:
<form method="post" action="processForm.php">

username: <input type="text" name="username" value=""/>

password: <input type="password" name="password" value=""/>

<input type="submit" value="send"/>

 </form>
access POST parameters using $_POST:
<?php #processForm.php
 echo "
";
 print_r($_POST);
 echo "
";

/*
 Array
 (
 [username] => john
 [password] => topsecret
 )
*/
?>


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Monday, January 14, 2013
If loud and wild is your kind of entertainment, then Monster Jam is the place to go! My son and I love them, and we go every year! You can even meet the drivers, get autographs and take close-up photos at the Pit Part before Saturday's show. Kids of all ages will love the mayhem that is non-stop from the moment the trucks enter the arena. If you've never been to a show before, I highly recommend checking it out this weekend!
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Installing wordpress template developed in Drean Host server.
This project was successfully completed by matlidigital for $30 USD in 2 days.Get free quotes for a project like this
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Installation template worpress [url removed, login to view] developed.
Perform insertion of dummy content supplied by your template.
Install latest version of wordpress with language Portuguese Brazil.
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Make Payments
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Welcome to the City of Maynardville! Located just 15 miles north of downtown Knoxville, Maynardville is ideally situated for work and play.
The City of Maynardville has no city property tax, is minutes from beautiful Norris Lake and a short drive to all that Pigeon Forge, Gatlinburg and the Smoky Mountains have to offer. Maynardville, a friendly town with an eye on the future.


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We bring quality to the hard working family.
Breeder of Tennessee Walkers, Mini Shetland Ponies, Gaited Mules, & Gaited Ponies.
breeding, training and showing
We are committed to raising foundation bred MFT that gait naturally with good minds, and conformation.
I haul heavy eq
est. 2001
We own a small farm located in Blackfoot, Idaho. We have owned several Morgan horses throughout the years and have fallen in love with this breed…


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problem please help if i double post srry
the code below works fine but there is a few problems
it displays:
please enter the character you want:
The character you have entered is translated into a '' but you also have decided to exit the program
THis is not suppose 2 happen. it SUPPOSe to ask you to enter the space character then it displays teh converted character. then if teh user enter ' . 'then it will display the message and you will exit
this is my code:
case 2: //character 'space' condition
Re: problem please help if i double post srry
You have posted it as an Article under the Article / Source code section. I have moved it to the Queries and Discussion forum.
Duplicate of problem... help please. Thread closed.
Also try reading Before you make a query thread and specifically have a better topic so it helps all of us including the person searching
|All times are GMT +5.5. The time now is 03:38.


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10 Comments
+1 Great Artwork!
graphicollapse Artist from garut, Indonesia
cool +1
BLACKSTONE Artist from Indonesia
Very nice drawing
creepy and cool +1
Nice one Cutty!
Good wok Cutty.
warrenhopkins Human from United States
I like alienated designs, they look unique when printed on t-shirts.. but I guess its spectacular color will be broad if reprinted in digital format like the one offered at http://www.digitekprinting.com/digital-color-copies


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The process of buying a new Kia car or truck can seem overwhelming if you don't know where to begin. Edmunds.com can get you started on the right track with a convenient directory of Kia car dealerships in and around Richmond, Minnesota. Compare online price quotes on the new or used car, truck, SUV, minivan, or wagon of your choice to locate the best deals. Edmunds.com makes it easy to find trusted Kia car dealers in Richmond, saving car buyers time and money on what will be an important purchase.
Non Display Review Name "Eric Soltis was wonderful to deal with; he was a real person and got to know us, not just a salesman; The finance guy Sean was also fabulous, he encou"... Read more Review by: Heidijo1


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News + Updates
Browse recent news and stories about Inga Arvad.
Türkiye Siyaseti Artık Kasetlerin Gölgesinde Radikal (Basın Bildirisi)Google News - May 09, 2011
Tv Weekend; More On John F. Kennedy, With Patrick DempseyNYTimes - Nov 19, 1993
Books Of The Times; A Daunting Father, A Brother's ShadowNYTimes - Nov 27, 1992
Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Inga Arvad.
1913 Birth Born in 1913.
1931 18 Years Old 1 More Event
1935 22 Years Old In 1935, she interviewed Hitler and this connection to the dictator would color the rest of her life. … Read More
1936 23 Years Old Arvad was Hitler's companion at the 1936 Summer Olympics, which led to her being investigated in America as a potential spy. … Read More
1941 28 Years Old In November 1941, while John F. Kennedy served as an ensign in the US Navy's Office of Naval Intelligence, he and Arvad began a romantic relationship. … Read More
1942 29 Years Old … However, Kennedy was suddenly reassigned to a desk job in South Carolina in January, 1942 and the relationship ended after a few brief encounters. … Read More
1945 32 Years Old She became engaged to Robert Boothby, a member of Parliament in England in May 1945. … Read More
1946 33 Years Old Inga went on to marry American actor Tim McCoy in 1946 With Tim, she had two sons, Ronald and Terence McCoy. … Read More
Original Authors of this text are noted on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inga_Arvad.
Text is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.
Text is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.


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Pseudomonas agarici
Pseudomonas agarici is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that causes drippy gill in mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus).[1] It was first isolated in New Zealand. P. agarici couldn't be grouped based on 16S rRNA analysis, so it is designated incertae sedis in the genus Pseudomonas.[2]
- ^ Young, JM (1970). "Drippy gill: a bacterial disease of cultivated mushrooms caused by Pseudomonas agarici n. sp.". NZ J Agric Res 13: 977–990. doi:10.1080/00288233.1970.10430530.
- ^ Anzai et al. (Jul 2000). "Phylogenetic affiliation of the pseudomonads based on 16S rRNA sequence". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50 (4): 1563–89. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-4-1563. PMID 10939664.
|This Gammaproteobacteria-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
EOL content is automatically assembled from many different content providers. As a result, from time to time you may find pages on EOL that are confusing.
To request an improvement, please leave a comment on the page. Thank you!


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Scrapbooking- Scrapbooking is continuing to grow in popularity. Preserving and filling a book with sweet memories. A book filled with pages of treasures lovingly placed perfectly to be shared and enjoyed for years to come. My bloggy friend Cathy from A Peek Into My Paradise is my special guest today and she is a scrapbooking rock star. The [read more…]
Sweet Ambrosia Corn
Sweet Ambrosia Corn On The Cob Last weekend we went for a drive in search of sweet Ambrosia corn. We took along a picnic lunch and knew we would end up in Idaho to buy lottery tickets 🙂 Izzy( our dog) loves a car ride and its the perfect way for all three of us [read more…]
Came and Went Almond Pound Cake
Almond Pound Cake Recipe Yesterday came and went in a blink. I was secluded in my art room all day yesterday creating orders for my shops Keepsakes By Katherine and Be Well Gifts. Did you miss me? That sounded needed didn't it, giggle Those of you who join me on facebook already know that our [read more…]
Wind Chimes, The Sound of Friendship
Wind Chimes The lovely sound of music greets me in the early mornings as I step out on the patio. As Izzy greets the morning in the only way dogs do, I sit and listen to the gentle sounds made by the wind chimes in our yard. These are not bongs, or clunks, or bells, [read more…]
Where Bloggers Create 2013
Where Bloggers Create Happy Friday wishes lovely bloggy friends! Today I am joining many other bloggers who share "where bloggers create". I must admit some of the places that I have seen, have been, well,…spectacular! Please let me preface this post with this. No matter the size of your creative space,"your imagination is the greatest [read more…]
His Place In The Sun
His Place In The Sun It's oxymoron day. Time for a little wordy wordless Wednesday. Our sweet Izzy had his first professional grooming the other day. It was the first time I trusted someone to care for him, bathe him and cut his furry wonderfulness ( yes I know its not a word, giggle). I [read more…]
Lazy Days
Lazy Days Happy oxymoron day ( wordy wordless Wednesday). Our sweet Izzy found a lovely patch of shade in front of the garden shed, to laze the afternoon away. It was so hot over the Memorial weekend. How was your weather for the long weekend? See you at the Thursday Favorite Things hop! Is your [read more…]
From Our Easter Bunny
Happy Easter from our home to yours and from our sweet Easter Bunny ( Izzy) too ♥ post may contain affiliate links
A Change In Plans
A Change In Plans Last weekend we had planned a drive to Idaho. Izzy loves car rides and its a great excuse to pick up some lottery tickets too. Our plans changed when our dishwasher decided it had done its job and was on a permanent break. Sigh…. they just don't make things like they [read more…]
A Weekend in Coldwater Creek
A Weekend In Coldwater Creek- On the weekends I usually work on my "To Do" list and get caught up on bloggy things. I spend some quality time with my sweet hubby and hopefully I make things for my shops. For those saying, what about Izzy?" trust me, I spend plenty of quality time with [read more…]
Izzy Hide Out
Izzy Hide Out Its oxymoron day, or wordy wordless Wednesday. Izzy has been in an odd mood lately. He has been spending some alone time in his hide out. Either under the bed in my art room, or under the chair in our living room. Sigh….he has a little tummy trouble and he may be [read more…]
My Boys
It's wordless Wednesday…These are my boys, I love them with all my heart…no more words really needed for this one…see you at the Thursday Favorite Things hop tomorrow! linking to Sarah Halstead, WW Aquariann, Show and Share, post may contain affiliate links


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on 02-04-2013 01:28 PM
I ordered a book for school almost 2 weeks ago. The seller has yet to ship my book and I already missed my assignments. I've messaged the seller to try and see if I could pick my book up seeing that we don't live so far away from each other. The seller won't answer my messages and has yet to ship my item. Can I cancel the order since it has not been shipped and be refunded my full pay?
on 02-04-2013 01:46 PM
How do you know he hasn't shipped if he's not answering? Sellers are not required to mark little My eBay icons.
on 02-04-2013 06:29 PM
You bought a book thru Half.com - is that the one? I so, here is the link for their buyer protection policy:
on 02-04-2013 01:35 PM
You can't cancel. The seller would have to send you a request to cancel. What you can do is file a claim for an Item Not Received in the Resolution Center.


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Hryunov Will Push To Reverse Lebedev-Jones Result
By Yuri Tarantin
Promoter Vladimir Hryunov will push to reverse the official result of May's battle between cruiserweights Denis Lebedev and Guillermo Jones. BoxingScene.com reported a few days ago that Jones (39-3-2, 31KOs) has tested positive for Furosemide, according to testing results from RUSADA [Russian Anti Doping Agency]. Jones tooks the tests following his eleventh round TKO of Lebedev at the Crocus City Hall in Moscow, Russia. With the victory Jones captured the WBA's cruiserweight championship.
Furosemide is a weight cutting agent and some athletes have used the substance as a masking agent to hide other forms of performance enhancing drugs. The WBA has already ordered the testing of Jones' "B sample." If the B sample comes back positive, Jones' win over Lebedev could possibly be reversed and the title returned to the Russian fighter.
After that match was over, there was a dispute between the promoters - Hryunov and Don King. King did not want his fighter, Jones, to take RUSADA's test because Lebedev's team would not allow them to take one of the samples for testing purposes in the United States [in the event Jones tested positive for something with the Russian organization]. King wanted an American-based organization, VADA, to test the sample upon his return to the United States.
"Our goal is the abolition of the result of this battle and the return of the title to Lebedev. The entire behavior of the team and Jones himself, when they refused to comply with the doping test terms [outlined in the] signed contract, indicated that they were cheating. Now all of that has been confirmed," Hryunov said.
Yuri Tarantin covers boxing for Allboxing.ru
Why wouldn't they allow Don King to have a sample tested in the United States? Very suspicious.Comment by johnnycontrolet on 07-28-2013
You can't trust the Russian promoter and the RUSADA, they just want to help Lebedev to get his loss changed into a no contest and keep his title......ridiculous!Comment by johnnycontrolet on 07-28-2013
You can't trust the Russian promoter, I'm sure RUSADA cheated in the testing to help Lebedev.....Comment by Ogecca MaMa on 07-28-2013
too late for this type of comments from Hryunov. I don't believe his single wordComment by nacho daddy on 07-28-2013
I don't know what whatever they found in jones had to do with his performance but lebedev took a sustained savage beating the type that severly shorten careers. as much as I like action in a fight I do not…Post a Comment - View More User Comments (5)


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The most persuasive weapon ever created by anything ever, used to question Saddam Husan.
di Triple J 04 maggio 2005
A delightfull treat sold for "10 cents a lick"
"shit on a stick ten cents a lick"
di Jeff Currie 14 novembre 2003
the decription of someone extremely ugly
"look at that bitch sittin ova there lookin like shit on a stick"
di AVAIAE FULLER 20 febbraio 2004
A Mexican or First Nation, riding a pogostick.
"Haha you shit on a stick, I hope you rott!"
di Josh Weed 16 febbraio 2005
You're giving anal to someone and they shit on your dick
Every hole's a goal
Every hole's a goal
di WeAreTheOppositeOfAwesome 20 marzo 2015


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Every year thousands of unaccompanied minors from non-EU countries travel to Europe. Some have fled from wars, conflicts or other difficult and (...)
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