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flocculation Companies serving Bhutan
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Kemira Water Solutions, Inc.
based in Atlanta, GEORGIA (US) (USA)
Kemira is committed to being a leading water chemistry company. Our strengths are high-level application know-how, a comprehensive range of water and wastewater treatment chemicals, and reliable customer deliveries. As a leading global provider of inorganic coagulants and organic flocculants, we offer an extensive portfolio of products that also includes biocides, ...
based in Kathwada, INDIA
We are manufacturers of various Laboratory Equipments generally required by most Effluent Treatment Plants, Water Treatment Plants and Sewage Treatment Plants. The product range includes BOD Incubators, COD Digestors. Flocculators, Hot Air Ovens, Autoclaves, Muffle Furnace, Laboratory Hot Plates, Filteration assembly, Vacuum Pumps, Orbital Shakers etc.
based in INDIA
The one and only manufacturers in India for International quality FLOCCULANTS & COAGULANTS for all solid-liquid separation needs.Catering almost all industries like, Sugar, Pulp & Paper, Iron ore beatification, Alumina Refinery, Sewage Treatment, Coal Washeries, Mineral Separation, Water & Waste water Treatments etc.Leading manufacturers and suppliers of specialty ...
Hydroflux Industrial Pty Ltd
based in Sydney, AUSTRALIA
WE ARE THE SPECIALISTS IN THE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND OPERATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS. For over 20 years, each of our senior team members have been involved in the design, project management and operation of industrial wastewater treatment plants with most of the major industrial businesses in Australia and throughout the Asia Pacific region. ...
Trilliant Oilfield Services, LLC.
based in Casper, WYOMING (USA)
Trilliant Oilfield Services (TOS) is an experienced service company serving drillers and producers alike. An affiliate of long-time oilfield people at Diamond Companies are based out of Casper, Wyoming. Trilliant brings senior field people to the domestic energy equipment rental, yard management, and remediation specialties with field careers ranging from 5-35 years.
Anguil Environmental Systems, Inc.
based in Milwaukee, WISCONSIN (USA)
Anguil Environmental Systems is a global provider of industrial air pollution control, emission abatement and energy recovery systems. We design, manufacturer, service and install thermal and catalytic oxidation technologies as well as heat recovery systems for a variety of applications and industries. Anguil Aqua was developed to help our industrial clients with water ...
based in Ludwigshafen, GERMANY
Kurita Europe is a subsidiary of Kurita Water Industries Ltd. headquartered in Tokyo (Japan). Founded in 1949, the Group has 5,400 employees worldwide as of 2015 with a turnover of approximately USD 1.8 billion. Over 3,500 patents are proof of Kurita's innovative approach to a resource-saving consumption of water.
Markland Specialty Engineering Ltd.
based in Georgetown, ONTARIO (CANADA)
Since 1967, Markland Specialty Engineering has been designing and manufacturing process monitoring and control instrumentation that is valued by operators, managers and consultants, in diverse sectors, around the globe. Municipal water & wastewater treatment to measure primary, secondary, return-activated, and backwash sludge. Industrial processing and water & wastewater ...
Cheminova Organics Pvt. Ltd.
based in Panki, site-4, Kanpur, INDIA
Cheminova Organics Pvt. Ltd. an ISO 9001:2008 & ISO 14001:2004 certified company focused on developing, manufacturing, and selling value-added performance additive products for various industries. Cheminova, an innovative specialty chemicals company, has developed a large number of products. We offer several product ranges serve for many sectors. Our chemical products and ...
Phoenix Ring Manufaktur UG
based in Erbach, GERMANY
Located in Hessen, Germany, we are focused on providing both industry and consumers with cost effective, environmentally friendly, water conditioning devices, used to combat problems associated with Scale and Corrosion in water bearing pipes and equipment attached to these pipes. The operating principles, employed in the Sialex®Ring, create no by-products or pollutants. ...
Vitone Eco S.r.l.
based in Bitonto, ITALY
Vitone Eco is the industrial heritage left from a family of visionary entrepreneurs who, in lands mainly farmed with olive trees, over one century ago, started engineering olive presses for local olive oil makers. In a few years from the business start up, their machines were exported worldwide.Due to the stock of knowledge handed down by their olive-presses-focused ...
MPP & TiPSS Technologies – Veolia Water Technologies
based in Ede, NETHERLANDS
The MPP & TiPSS Technologies are part of Veolia Water Technologies . MPP Systems is a business activity specialized in developing, marketing, manufacturing and servicing water purification systems based on Macro Porous Polymers (MPP). The Macro Porous Polymer Extraction (MPPE) system is highly effective, fully automated, remote controlled and guaranteed technology for ...
AWAS International GmbH
based in Wilnsdorf, GERMANY
We are experts for industrial wastewater engineering. Since 1975 we design, engineer and build wastewater systems and advise our clients,regarding the appropriate choice of wastewater treatment. The range of our solutions for the separation of liquids with contaminants is growing rapidly. When developing our innovative sewage technology, we rely on physical, quantum ...
Jiuzhou Industrial Co,,Ltd.
based in Pingxiang City, CHINA
Jiuzhou Industrial Co. Ltd (abbreviated as Jiuzhou Industrial) is a professional engineering industrial company restructured from a state-owned enterprise and established according to the modern enterprise system. We are professional chemical tower packing and water treatment equipment manufactures, and we also carry on water treatment projects. Best products and best ...
Hudson Industries
based in Vienna, OHIO (USA)
Since 1982, Hudson Industries has supplied oil water separation, oil skimming and industrial fluid process solutions to clients around the world. From offshore oil platforms, oil refineries and vehicle wash systems, to machine shops and industrial facilities with a need to manage their waste water, Hudson Industries has designed and built custom designed solutions to meet ...
ANDRITZ Separation - a division of the Andritz Group
based in Graz, AUSTRIA
ANDRITZ Separation, trusted partner for process solutions for waste water treatment. There is a wide range of challenges in municipal drinking water and waste water treatment: whereas in developing countries the focus is often on setting up a base structure for drinking water and wastewater, in industrialized countries water quality, efficiency and recycling of residual ...
ProMinent Group - ProMinent GmbH
based in Heidelberg, GERMANY
For more than 50 years, the ProMinent Group has been a manufacturer of components and systems in the field of fluid metering as well as a reliable solution partner for water treatment and water disinfection. Based on innovative products, comprehensive expertise in process technology and distinct application orientation, practical solutions are developed for ...
Mettler - Toledo Int. Inc
based in Greifensee, SWITZERLAND
Manufactures a complete line of pH, Redox, and dissolved oxygen systems including sensors, stationary and retractable housings, microprocessor-based transmitters, and conductivity and turbidity systems as well as laboratory balances, titrators, density meters, UV/VIS Spectrophotometers, pH meters and pipettes — instruments which are used in research, scientific and ...
Canadian Crystalline Waters India Ltd
based in UAE, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Established in the year 1969, at Chennai, we Canadian Crystalline Water India Ltd, have inched forward as well recognized manufacturers and exporters of advanced technology based water purifying plants & other allied products. Our more than 5000 turkey projects have been supplied in many countries including India, Middle East, South East Africa, Australia, Sri Lanka, USA, ...
Elgin Separation Solutions
based in Stafford, TEXAS (USA)
Founded in 1864 in Elgin, Illinois, Elgin has evolved into a worldwide leader in design, manufacture and service of specialized processing equipment in the Oil & Gas, Mining, Coal, Aggregates, Minerals, Water, and Pipeline Construction Industries. With vertically integrated manufacturing and design capabilities, Elgin brings to its customers a unique experience that ...
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10 July, 2013 - Berkshire, England The Chinese Touring Car Championship (CTCC) is one of many fast-growing motorsport race series in China - and Asia-Pacific - whose popularity is rising thanks to partnerships with UK companies like transmission specialist Hewland Engineering.
Hewland has been providing its EGT racing gearbox to the CTCC since 2011 and supplied the gearbox for the fastest car in the 2012 Championship's Super Production Class (1600 turbo class), a VW Scirroco from the Shanghai VW 333 Racing team.
Chinese motor racing is growing at such a phenomenal rate that racing teams in the region are looking to more experienced areas of the world to support this growth. Hewland is able to work in close partnership with burgeoning race series' to share the knowledge and expertise it has gained from its sixty-year heritage of developing transmission technology. In fact 69 per cent of its sales last year were exports.
"With the prospect of an Asian Touring Car Championship in 2014, and the rise of junior race series in the region cultivating the next generation of talent, Chinese motorsport is facing a bright and exciting future. We fully expect more countries in Asia-Pac to follow suit over the next 12 months," explains William Hewland, president, Hewland Engineering.
"As we have a presence in almost every form of motorsport around the globe, from F1 to one-make series', we have the ability to respond quickly and efficiently to requests from new markets. We look forward to closely supporting Asia-Pac motorsport with our specialist transmission technology as the industry continues to grow."
About Hewland Engineering:
Hewland Engineering provides bespoke transmission solutions for the full spectrum of motor racing across the globe.
Founded in 1957, Hewland Engineering designs and manufactures transmissions and components that can today be found in nearly every category of motorsport from Formula Ford to Formula One. This breadth of experience and unparalleled quality engineering means that it can manufacture solutions for both modern day motorsport and bespoke applications, delivering inspired confidence to racing teams the world over.
Hewland Engineering is based in a specialist factory in White Waltham, Berkshire.

subset: commoncrawl


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U.S. Sen. Robert Menendez (D., N.J.) vehemently denied allegations linking him to prostitutes Monday in his first extended comments to reporters since accusations broke into widespread view last week.
He called the allegations "smears that right-wing blogs have been pushing since the election" and "totally unsubstantiated" in an on-camera interview with CNN.
"It's amazing to me that anonymous, nameless, faceless individuals on a website can drive that type of story into the mainstream, but that's what they've done successfully," Menendez told CNN in the brief interview. "Now, nobody can find them, no one ever met them, no one ever talked to them, but that's where we're at. The bottom line is, all of those smears are absolutely false."


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Online Poker Game with Source Code
This project received 9 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $14675 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Skills Required
Project Budget$1500 - $3000 USD
Total Bids9
Project Description
Complete Poker Software & Game Engine
I need a complete end to end Poker Software that is comparable to Pokerstars, Fulltilt, etc
Also need the following:
1) Website that does member registration, login, deposit, withdrawal and referrals.
2) APIs for communicating between your poker software and website.
3) You need to provide the designs, upon approval it must be adapted.
The games should contains of the lobby, the game table and a control panel which allows administrator to manage the poker game.
Rake and entry fee options must be supported
Require source code, so please do not contact or bid if you cannot provide source code.
Needs to be have all RnG certifications in the build process, admin systems, reporting etc.
Looking to make some money?
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Mnemonic Devices to Help You Remember Daylight Savings is Ending
As we exclusively reported yesterday, daylight savings is ending late tonight (technically tomorrow morning) at 2 a.m.. On the plus side, you will get one more hour of sleep. Unfortunately, this will be at the expense of a full season's worth of sunlight, vitamin D, and your sanity. Nonetheless, if you don't set your clocks back an hour, ACORN will come after you and send you to one of President Obama's dreaded Time Education Camps. How to remember this vital information?
It's quite simple, actually. Before you go to bed, all you have to think is, "Theater was taught to selfish young Cockney boys and honored Bard's ingenious yet underrated youthful prose. Interesting people don't ingest amaretto [sour]." That simple sentence is a mnemonic device, and deconstructed it reads, "T-W-T-T-S-Y-C-B-A-H-B-I-Y-U-Y-P-I-P-D-I-A." That clearly reminds you, "Tonight, well, technically tomorrow, set your clock back an hour, but if you use your phone, it'll probably do it automatically." (The "sour" is not part of the device).
If that doesn't work, or if you are visual thinker, try this on for size: Picture Beethoven chewing gum. Naturally, Beethoven was the subject of The Beatles' "Roll Over Beethoven," which used a guitar riff by Chuck Berry. In Back to the Future, Berry's fictional cousin Marvin heard Marty Mcfly's similar guitar stylings and called the Rock 'n' Roll legend to inform him that he found "that new sound" he had been looking for. Thus, going "back" in time. The gum represents Wrigley's Doublemint. Doublemint means two mints, which will make you think of 2 a.m.: Set your clocks back at 2.a.m.
Who knew remembering the specifics of a multi-national effort to preserve harvest hours could be so easy?
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Most Cited Experimental Eye Research Articles
The most cited articles published since 2011, extracted from Scopus.
A biomechanical paradigm for axonal insult within the optic nerve head in aging and glaucomaClaude F. Burgoyne
Volume 93, Issue 2, August 2011, Pages 120-132
This article is dedicated to Rosario Hernandez for her warm support of my own work and her genuine enthusiasm for the work of her colleagues throughout her career. I first met Rosario as a research fellow in Harry Quigley's laboratory between 1991 and 1993. Along with Harry, John Morrison, Elaine Johnson, Abe Clark, Colm O'Brien and many others, Rosario's work has provided lamina cribrosa astrocyte cellular mechanisms that are biomechanically plausible and in so doing provided credibility to early notions of the optic nerve head (ONH) as a biomechanical structure.We owe a large intellectual debt to Rosario for her dogged persistence in the characterization of the ONH astrocyte and lamina cribrosacyte in age and disease. Two questions run through her work and remain of central importance today. First, how do astrocytes respond to and alter the biomechanical environment of the ONH and the physiologic stresses created therein? Second, how do these physiologic demands on the astrocyte influence their ability to deliver the support to retinal ganglion cell axon transport and flow against the translaminar pressure gradient?The purpose of this article is to summarize what is known about the biomechanical determinants of retinal ganglion cell axon physiology within the ONH in the optic neuropathy of aging and Glaucoma. My goal is to provide a biomechanical framework for this discussion. This framework assumes that the ONH astrocytes and glia fundamentally support and influence both the lamina cribrosa extracellular matrix and retinal ganglion cell axon physiology. Rosario Hernandez was one of the first investigators to recognize the implications of this unique circumstance. Many of the ideas contained herein have been initially presented within or derived from her work (Hernandez, M.R., 2000. The optic nerve head in glaucoma: role of astrocytes in tissue remodeling. Prog Retin Eye Res. 19, 297-321.; Hernandez, M.R., Pena, J.D., 1997. The optic nerve head in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 115, 389-395.). © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
The complex interaction between ocular perfusion pressure and ocular blood flow - Relevance for glaucomaDoreen Schmidl | Gerhard Garhofer | Leopold Schmetterer
Volume 93, Issue 2, August 2011, Pages 141-155
Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy of unknown origin. The most important risk factor for the disease is an increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Reducing IOP is associated with reduced progression in glaucoma. Several recent large scale trials have indicated that low ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) is a risk factor for the incidence, prevalence and progression of the disease. This is a strong indicator that vascular factors are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, a hypothesis that was formulated 150 years ago. The relation between OPP and blood flow to the posterior pole of the eye is, however, complex, because of a phenomenon called autoregulation. Autoregulatory processes attempt to keep blood flow constant despite changes in OPP. Although autoregulation has been observed in many experiments in the ocular vasculature the mechanisms underlying the vasodilator and vasoconstrictor responses in face of changes in OPP remain largely unknown. There is, however, recent evidence that the human choroid regulates its blood flow better during changes in blood pressure induced by isometric exercise than during changes in IOP induced by a suction cup. This may have consequences for our understanding of glaucoma, because it indicates that blood flow regulation is strongly dependent not only on OPP, but also on the level of IOP itself. Indeed there is data indicating that reduction of IOP by pharmacological intervention improves optic nerve head blood flow regulation independently of an ocular vasodilator effect. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Glaucomatous cupping of the lamina cribrosa: A review of the evidence for active progressive remodeling as a mechanismJ. Crawford Downs | Michael D. Roberts | Ian A. Sigal
Volume 93, Issue 2, August 2011, Pages 133-140
The purpose of this review is to examine the literature in an attempt to elucidate a biomechanical basis for glaucomatous cupping. In particular, this work focuses on the role of biomechanics in driving connective tissue remodeling in the progression of laminar morphology from a normal state to that of an excavated glaucomatous state. While there are multiple contributing factors to the pathogenesis of glaucoma, we focus on laminar extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in glaucoma and the feedback mechanisms and signals that may guide progressive laminar cupping. We review the literature on the potential mechanisms of glaucomatous changes in the laminar ECM at the anatomic, structural, cellular and subcellular levels in the context of the biomechanical paradigm of glaucomatous onset and progression. Several conclusions can be drawn from this review. First, extensive remodeling of the lamina cribrosa ECM occurs in primary open angle glaucoma. Second, there is surprisingly little evidence to support acute mechanical damage to the lamina as the principal mechanism of cupping. Third, ONH astrocytes and lamina cribrosa cells can sense their mechanical environment and respond to mechanical stimuli by remodeling the ECM. Fourth, there is evidence suggesting that chronic remodeling of the lamina results in a progressive posterior migration of the laminar insertion into the canal wall, which eventually results in the posterior lamina inserting into the pia mater. Finally, modeling studies suggest that laminar remodeling may be a biomechanical feedback mechanism through which cells modify their environment in an attempt to return to a homeostatic mechanical environment. It is plausible that biomechanics-driven connective tissue remodeling is a mechanism in the progression of laminar morphology from a normal state to that of a cupped, excavated glaucomatous state. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Finite element modeling of the human sclera: Influence on optic nerve head biomechanics and connections with glaucomaRichard E. Norman | John G. Flanagan | Ian A. Sigal | Sophie M K Rausch | Inka Tertinegg | C. Ross Ethier
Volume 93, Issue 1, July 2011, Pages 4-12
Scleral thickness, especially near the optic nerve head (ONH), is a potential factor of interest in the development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Large differences in the dimensions of the sclera, the principal load-bearing tissue of the eye, have been observed between individuals. This study aimed to characterize the effects of these differences on ONH biomechanics. Eleven enucleated human globes (7 normal and 4 ostensibly glaucomatous) were imaged using high-field microMRI and segmented to produce 3-D individual-specific corneoscleral shells. An identical, idealized ONH geometry was inserted into each shell. Finite element modeling predicted the effects of pressurizing the eyes to an IOP of 30 mmHg, with the results used to characterize the effect of inter-individual differences in scleral dimensions on the biomechanics of the ONH. Measurements of the individual-specific corneoscleral shells were used to construct a 2-D axisymmetric idealized model of the corneoscleral shell and ONH. A sensitivity analysis based on this model quantified the relative importance of different geometrical characteristics of the scleral shell on the biomechanics of the ONH. Significant variations were observed in various measures of strain in the idealized lamina cribrosa (LC) across the seven normal corneoscleral shells, implying large differences in individual biomechanics due to scleral anatomy variations alone. The sensitivity analysis revealed that scleral thickness adjacent to the ONH was responsible for the vast majority of variation. Remarkably, varying peripapilary scleral thickness over the physiologically measured range changed the peak (95th percentile) first principal strain in the LC and radial displacement of the ONH canal by an amount that was equivalent to a change in IOP of 15. mmHg. Inter-individual variations in scleral thickness, particularly peripapillary scleral thickness, can result in vastly different biomechanical responses to IOP. These differences may be significant for understanding the interactions between IOP and scleral biomechanics in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. The relationship between scleral thickness and material properties needs to be studied in human eyes. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Axotomy-induced retinal ganglion cell death in adult mice: Quantitative and topographic time course analysesC. Galindo-Romero | M. Avilés-Trigueros | M. Jiménez-López | F. J. Valiente-Soriano | M. Salinas-Navarro | F. Nadal-Nicolás | M. P. Villegas-Pérez | M. Vidal-Sanz | M. Agudo-Barriuso
Volume 92, Issue 5, May 2011, Pages 377-387
The fate of retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve injury has been thoroughly described in rat, but not in mice, despite the fact that this species is amply used as a model to study different experimental paradigms that affect retinal ganglion cell population. Here we have analyzed, quantitatively and topographically, the course of mice retinal ganglion cells loss induced by intraorbital nerve transection. To do this, we have doubly identified retinal ganglion cells in all retinas by tracing them from their main retinorecipient area, the superior colliculi, and by their expression of BRN3A (product of Pou4f1 gene). In rat, this transcription factor is expressed by a majority of retinal ganglion cells; however in mice it is not known how many out of the whole population of these neurons express it. Thus, in this work we have assessed, as well, the total population of BRN3A positive retinal ganglion cells. These were automatically quantified in all whole-mounted retinas using a newly developed routine. In control retinas, traced-retinal ganglion cells were automatically quantified, using the previously reported method (Salinas-Navarro et al., 2009b). After optic nerve injury, though, traced-retinal ganglion cells had to be manually quantified by retinal sampling and their total population was afterwards inferred. In naïve whole-mounts, the mean (±standard deviation) total number of traced-retinal ganglion cells was 40,437(±3196) and of BRN3A positive ones was 34,697(±1821). Retinal ganglion cell loss was first significant for both markers 5 days post-axotomy and by day 21, the last time point analyzed, only 15% or 12% of traced or BRN3A positive retinal ganglion cells respectively, survived. Isodensity maps showed that, in control retinas, BRN3A and traced-retinal ganglion cells were distributed similarly, being densest in the dorsal retina along the naso-temporal axis. After axotomy the progressive loss of BRN3A positive retinal ganglion cells was diffuse and affected the entire retina. In conclusion, this is the first study assessing the values, in terms of total number and density, of the retinal ganglion cells surviving axotomy from 2 till 21 days post-lesion. Besides, we have demonstrated that BRN3A is expressed by 85.6% of the total retinal ganglion cell population, and because BRN3A positive retinal ganglion cells show the same spatial distribution and temporal course of degeneration than traced ones, BRN3A is a reliable marker to identify, quantify and assess, ex-vivo, retinal ganglion cell loss in this species. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Corneal myofibroblast biology and pathobiology: Generation, persistence, and transparencySteven E. Wilson
Volume 99, Issue 1, June 2012, Pages 78-88
Important advances have led to a better understanding of the biology and pathobiology of corneal myofibroblasts and their generation after surgery, injury, infection and disease. Transforming growth factor (TGF) beta, along with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and interleukin (IL)-1, has been shown to regulate myofibroblast development and death in in-vitro and in-situ animal models. The myofibroblast precursor cells regulated by these cytokines include both keratocyte-derived and bone marrow-derived cells. Cytokines that promote and maintain myofibroblasts associated with late haze after photorefractive keratectomy are modulated in part by the epithelial basement membrane functioning as barrier between the epithelium and stroma. Structural and functional defects in the basement membrane likely lead to prolonged elevation of TGFβ, and perhaps other cytokine, levels in the stroma necessary to promote differentiation of myofibroblasts. Conversely, repair of the epithelial basement membrane likely leads to a decrease in stromal TGFβ levels and apoptosis of myofibroblasts. Repopulating keratocytes subsequently reorganize the associated fibrotic extracellular matrix deposited in the anterior stroma by the myofibroblasts. Investigations of myofibroblast biology are likely to lead to safer pharmacological modulators of corneal wound healing and transparency. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Proliferative capacity of corneal endothelial cellsNancy C. Joyce
Volume 95, Issue 1, February 2012, Pages 16-23
The corneal endothelial monolayer helps maintain corneal transparency through its barrier and ionic "pump" functions. This transparency function can become compromised, resulting in a critical loss in endothelial cell density (ECD), corneal edema, bullous keratopathy, and loss of visual acuity. Although penetrating keratoplasty and various forms of endothelial keratoplasty are capable of restoring corneal clarity, they can also have complications requiring re-grafting or other treatments. With the increasing worldwide shortage of donor corneas to be used for keratoplasty, there is a greater need to find new therapies to restore corneal clarity that is lost due to endothelial dysfunction. As a result, researchers have been exploring alternative approaches that could result in the invivo induction of transient corneal endothelial cell division or the invitro expansion of healthy endothelial cells for corneal bioengineering as treatments to increase ECD and restore visual acuity. This review presents current information regarding the ability of human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC) to divide as a basis for the development of new therapies. Information will be presented on the positive and negative regulation of the cell cycle as background for the studies to be discussed. Results of studies exploring the proliferative capacity of HCEC will be presented and specific conditions that affect the ability of HCEC to divide will be discussed. Methods that have been tested to induce transient proliferation of HCEC will also be presented. This review will discuss the effect of donor age and endothelial topography on relative proliferative capacity of HCEC, as well as explore the role of nuclear oxidative DNA damage in decreasing the relative proliferative capacity of HCEC. Finally, potential new research directions will be discussed that could take advantage of and/or improve the proliferative capacity of these physiologically important cells in order to develop new treatments to restore corneal clarity. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Time outdoors and the prevention of myopiaAmanda N. French | Regan S. Ashby | Ian G. Morgan | Kathryn A. Rose
Volume 114, Issue , September 2013, Pages 58-68
Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that children who spend more time outdoors are less likely to be, or to become myopic, irrespective of how much near work they do, or whether their parents are myopic. It is currently uncertain if time outdoors also blocks progression of myopia. It has been suggested that the mechanism of the protective effect of time outdoors involves light-stimulated release of dopamine from the retina, since increased dopamine release appears to inhibit increased axial elongation, which is the structural basis of myopia. This hypothesis has been supported by animal experiments which have replicated the protective effects of bright light against the development of myopia under laboratory conditions, and have shown that the effect is, at least in part, mediated by dopamine, since the D2-dopamine antagonist spiperone reduces the protective effect. There are some inconsistencies in the evidence, most notably the limited inhibition by bright light under laboratory conditions of lens-induced myopia in monkeys, but other proposed mechanisms possibly associated with time outdoors such as relaxed accommodation, more uniform dioptric space, increased pupil constriction, exposure to UV light, changes in the spectral composition of visible light, or increased physical activity have little epidemiological or experimental support. Irrespective of the mechanisms involved, clinical trials are now underway to reduce the development of myopia in children by increasing the amount of time they spend outdoors. These trials would benefit from more precise definition of thresholds for protection in terms of intensity and duration of light exposures. These can be investigated in animal experiments in appropriate models, and can also be determined in epidemiological studies, although more precise measurement of exposures than those currently provided by questionnaires is desirable. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
An updated view on the role of dopamine in myopiaMarita Feldkaemper | Frank Schaeffel
Volume 114, Issue , September 2013, Pages 106-119
A large body of data is available to support the hypothesis that dopamine (DA) is one of the retinal neurotransmitters involved in the signaling cascade that controls eye growth by vision. Initially, reduced retinal DA levels were observed in eyes deprived of sharp vision by either diffusers ("deprivation myopia", DM) or negative lenses ("lens induced myopia", LIM). Simulating high retinal DA levels by intravitreal application of a DA agonist can suppress the development of both DM and LIM. Also more recent studies using knock-out mouse models of DA receptors support the idea of an association between decreased DA levels and DM. There seem to be differences in the magnitude of the effects of DA on DM and LIM, with larger changes in DM but the degrees of image degradation by both treatments need to be matched to support this conclusion. Although a number of studies have shown that the inhibitory effects of dopamine agonists on DM and LIM are mediated through stimulation of the D2-receptor, there is also recent evidence that the balance of D2- and D1-receptor activation is important. Inhibition of D2-receptors can also slow the development of spontaneous myopia in albino guinea pigs. Retinal DA content displays a distinct endogenous diurnal, and partially circadian rhythm. In addition, retinal DA is regulated by a number of visual stimuli like retinal illuminance, spatial frequency content of the image, temporal contrast and, in chicks, by the light input from the pineal organ. A close interaction was found between muscarinergic and dopaminergic systems, and between nitric oxide and dopaminergic pathways, and there is evidence for crosstalk between the different pathways, perhaps multiple binding of the ligands to different receptors. It was shown that DA agonists interact with the immediate early signaling molecule ZENK which triggers the first steps in eye growth regulation. However, since long treatment periods were often needed to induce significant changes in retinal dopamine synthesis and release, the role of dopamine in the early steps is unclear. The wide spatial distribution of dopaminergic amacrine cells in the retina and the observation that changes in dopamine levels can be locally induced by local retinal deprivation is in line with the assumption that dopaminergic mechanisms control both central and peripheral eye growth. The protective effect of outdoor activity on myopia development in children seems to be partly mediated by the stimulatory effect of light on retinal dopamine production and release. However, the dose-response function linking light exposure to dopamine and to the suppression of myopia is not known and requires further studies. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Molecular genetics in glaucomaYutao Liu | R. Rand Allingham
Volume 93, Issue 4, October 2011, Pages 331-339
Glaucoma is a family of diseases whose pathology is defined by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells. Clinically, glaucoma presents as a distinctive optic neuropathy with associated visual field loss. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), chronic angle-closure glaucoma (ACG), and exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) are the most prevalent forms of glaucoma globally and are the most common causes of glaucoma-related blindness worldwide. A host of genetic and environmental factors contribute to glaucoma phenotypes. This review examines the current status of genetic investigations of POAG, ACG, XFG, including the less common forms of glaucoma primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), the developmental glaucomas, and pigment dispersion glaucoma. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Development of new therapeutic modalities for corneal endothelial disease focused on the proliferation of corneal endothelial cells using animal modelsNoriko Koizumi | Naoki Okumura | Shigeru Kinoshita
Volume 95, Issue 1, February 2012, Pages 60-67
This review describes our recent attempts to develop new therapeutic modalities for corneal endothelial disease using animal models including non-human primate model in which the proliferative ability of corneal endothelial cells is severely limited, as is the case in humans. First, we describe our attempt to develop new surgical treatments using cultivated corneal endothelial cells for advanced corneal endothelial dysfunction. It includes two different approaches; a "corneal endothelial cell sheet transplantation" with cells grown on a type-I collagen carrier, and a "cell-injection therapy" combined with the application of Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. Recently, it was reported that the selective ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632, promotes cell adhesion and proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of primate corneal endothelial cells in culture. When cultivated corneal endothelial cells were injected into the anterior chamber of animal eyes in the presence of ROCK inhibitor, endothelial cell adhesion was promoted and the cells achieved a high cell density and a morphology similar to corneal endothelial cells invivo. We are also trying to develop a novel medical treatment for the early phase of corneal endothelial disease by the use of ROCK inhibitor eye drops. In rabbit and monkey experiments using partial endothelial dysfunction models, corneal endothelial wound healing was accelerated by the topical application of ROCK inhibitor to the ocular surface, and resulted in the regeneration of a corneal endothelial monolayer with a high endothelial cell density. We are now trying to advance the clinical application of these new therapies for patients with corneal endothelial dysfunction. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Peripapillary choroidal thickness in glaucoma measured with optical coherence tomographyJoshua R. Ehrlich | Jeffrey Peterson | George Parlitsis | Kristine Y. Kay | Szilárd Kiss | Nathan M. Radcliffe
Volume 92, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 189-194
As choroidal changes have been suggested in glaucoma, we examined peripapillary choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with and without primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). We collected measurements retrospectively on 70 eyes of 70 patients consecutively undergoing SD-OCT. POAG (n = 31) and suspect eyes (n = 39) had two reliable and repeatable Humphrey 24-2 visual fields with glaucoma hemifield test outside or within normal limits, respectively. A 360-degree peripapillary scan was performed using the standard protocol for retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) assessment. Using provided software, two independent masked investigators manually segmented CT as the area of visible choroidal vasculature. Agreement between investigators was determined using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). A single masked observer determined clock hours of parapapillary atrophy (PPA) and the presence of ßPPA for each optic nerve quadrant. Correlation between RNFL and CT was assessed; two-sample t-tests were used to determine differences in RNFL and CT between POAG and suspect eyes; and linear regression was used to model changes in RNFL and CT. We found that independent measurements of CT by two observers were highly correlated (Lin's CCC for global CT; ρc = 0.93, p < 0.001). RNFL and CT measurements were not significantly correlated for any peripapillary location (|r| ≤ 0.15, p ≥ 0.22). Global CT (ß = -1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.76, -1.13) but not RNFL thickness (ß = -0.18, 95% CI -0.58, 0.22) decreased significantly with age. Compared to suspect eyes, eyes with POAG had significantly thinner RNFL measurements at all locations (p ≤ 0.005) but CT measurements did not differ between groups for any location (p ≥ 0.13). Adjusting for glaucoma status and age, total (ß = 3.15 95% CI -0.24, 6.53) and ß clock hours of PPA (ß = 1.33, 95% CI -1.72, 4.38) were not significantly associated with global CT; the spatial distribution of PPA was not associated with underlying CT, though PPA was graded subjectively and may have been subject to spatial mismatch with a singular peripapillary eccentricity on SD-OCT. We conclude that eyes with POAG did not demonstrate reduced CT nor was there a correlation between RNFL and CT maps. This study does not support the use of CT assessment in glaucoma diagnosis or management. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Brain derived neurotrophic factor maintains Brn3a expression in axotomized rat retinal ganglion cellsM. C. Sánchez-Migallón | F. M. Nadal-Nicolás | M. Jiménez-López | P. Sobrado-Calvo | M. Vidal-Sanz | M. Agudo-Barriuso
Volume 92, Issue 4, April 2011, Pages 260-267
The transcription factor Brn3a has been reported to be a good marker for adult rat retinal ganglion cells in control and injured retinas. However, it is still unclear if Brn3a expression declines progressively by the injury itself or otherwise its expression is maintained in retinal ganglion cells that, though being injured, are still alive, as might occur when assessing neuroprotective therapies. Therefore, we have automatically quantified the whole population of surviving Brn3a positive retinal ganglion cells in retinas subjected to intraorbital optic nerve transection and treated with either brain derived neurotrophic factor or vehicle. Brain derived neurotrophic factor is known to delay retinal ganglion cell death after axotomy. Thus, comparison of both groups would inform of the suitability of Brn3a as a retinal ganglion cell marker when testing neuroprotective molecules. As internal control, retinal ganglion cells were, as well, identified in all retinas by retrogradely tracing them with fluorogold. Our data show that at all the analyzed times post-lesion, the numbers of Brn3a positive retinal ganglion cells and of fluorogold positive retinal ganglion cells are significantly higher in the brain derived neurotrophic factor-treated retinas compared to the vehicle-treated ones. Moreover, detailed isodensity maps of the surviving Brn3a positive retinal ganglion cells show that a single injection of brain derived neurotrophic factor protects retinal ganglion cells throughout the entire retina. In conclusion, Brn3a is a reliable retinal ganglion cell marker that can be used to accurately measure the potential effect of a given neuroprotective therapy. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
The immune response in glaucoma: A perspective on the roles of oxidative stressGülgün Tezel
Volume 93, Issue 2, August 2011, Pages 178-186
Neurodegenerative insults and glial activation during glaucomatous neurodegeneration initiate an immune response to restore tissue homeostasis and facilitate tissue cleaning and healing. However, increasing risk factors over a chronic and cumulative period may lead to a failure in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune response pathways and represent a route for conversion of the beneficial immunity into a neuroinflammatory degenerative process contributing to disease progression. Oxidative stress developing through the pathogenic cellular processes of glaucoma, along with the aging-related component of oxidative stress, likely plays a critical role in shifting the physiological equilibrium. This review aims to provide a perspective on the complex interplay of cellular events during glaucomatous neurodegeneration by proposing a unifying scheme that integrates oxidative stress-related risk factors with the altered regulation of immune response in glaucoma. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Retinal pigment epithelial expression of complement regulator CD46 is altered early in the course of geographic atrophySusan D. Vogt | Christine A. Curcio | Lan Wang | Chuan Ming Li | Gerald McGwin | Nancy E. Medeiros | Nancy J. Philp | James A. Kimble | Russell W. Read
Volume 93, Issue 4, October 2011, Pages 413-423
In geographic atrophy (GA), the non-neovascular end stage of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the macular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) progressively degenerates. Membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46) is the only membrane-bound regulator of complement expressed on the human RPE basolateral surface. Based on evidence of the role of complement in AMD, we hypothesized that altered CD46 expression on the RPE would be associated with GA development and/or progression. Here we report the timeline of CD46 protein expression changes across the GA transition zone, relative to control eyes, and relative to events in other chorioretinal layers. Eleven donor eyes (mean age 87.0 ± 4.1 yr) with GA and 5 control eyes (mean age 84.0 ± 8.9 yr) without GA were evaluated. Macular cryosections were stained with PASH for basal deposits, von Kossa for calcium, and for CD46 immunoreactivity. Internal controls for protein expression were provided by an independent basolateral protein, monocarboxylate transporter 3 (MCT3) and an apical protein, ezrin. Within zones defined by 8 different semi-quantitative grades of RPE morphology, we determined the location and intensity of immunoreactivity, outer segment length, and Bruch's membrane calcification. Differences between GA and control eyes and between milder and more severe RPE stages in GA eyes were assessed statistically. Increasing grades of RPE degeneration were associated with progressive loss of polarity and loss of intensity of staining of CD46, beginning with the stages that are considered normal aging (grades 0-1). Those GA stages with affected CD46 immunoreactivity exhibited basal laminar deposit, still-normal photoreceptors, and concomitant changes in control protein expression. Activated or anteriorly migrated RPE (grades 2-3) exhibited greatly diminished CD46. Changes in RPE CD46 expression thus occur early in GA, before there is evidence of morphological RPE change. At later stages of degeneration, CD46 alterations occur within a context of altered RPE polarity. These changes precede degeneration of the overlying retina and suggest that therapeutic interventions be targeted to the RPE. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Neurotrophic factor delivery as a protective treatment for glaucomaThomas V. Johnson | Natalie D. Bull | Keith R. Martin
Volume 93, Issue 2, August 2011, Pages 196-203
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and a major cause of visual impairment worldwide. Neuroprotective therapies for glaucoma aim to ameliorate retinal ganglion cell degeneration through direct or indirect action on these neurons. Neurotrophic factor (NTF) delivery is a key target for the development of potential neuroprotective glaucoma treatments. This article will critically summarize the evidence that NTF deprivation and/or dysfunction plays a role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Experimental support for the neuroprotective potential of NTF supplementation in animal models of glaucoma will be reviewed, in particular for brain-derived neurotrophic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Finally, the challenges of clinical translation will be considered with an emphasis on the most promising NTF delivery strategies including slow-release drug delivery, gene therapy, and cell transplantation. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Dependency between light intensity and refractive development under light-dark cyclesYuval Cohen | Michael Belkin | Oren Yehezkel | Arieh S. Solomon | Uri Polat
Volume 92, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 40-46
The emmetropization process involves fine-tuning the refractive state by altering the refractive components toward zero refraction. In this study, we provided light-dark cycle conditions at several intensities and examined the effect of light intensity on the progression of chicks' emmetropization. Chicks under high-, medium-, and low-light intensities (10,000, 500, and 50 lux, respectively) were followed for 90 days by retinoscopy, keratometry, as well as ultrasound measurements. Emmetropization was reached from days 30-50 and from days 50-60 for the low- and medium-intensity groups, respectively. On day 90, most chicks in the low-intensity group were myopic, with a mean refraction of -2.41D (95% confidence interval (CI) -2.9 to -1.8D), whereas no chicks in the high-intensity group developed myopia, but they exhibited a stable mean hyperopia of +1.1D. The medium-intensity group had a mean refraction of +0.03D. The low-intensity group had a deeper vitreous chamber depth and a longer axial length compared with the high-intensity group, and shifted refraction to the myopic side. The low-intensity group had a flatter corneal curvature, a deeper anterior chamber, and a thinner lens compared with the high-intensity group, and shifted refraction to the hyperopic side. In all groups the corneal power was correlated with the three examined levels of log light intensity for all examined times (e.g., day 20 r = 0.6 P < 0.0001, day 90 r = 0.56 P < 0.0001). Thus, under light-dark cycles, light intensity is an environmental factor that modulates the process of emmetropization, and the low intensity of ambient light is a risk factor for developing myopia. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucoma and emerging bioenergetic therapiesShanjean Lee | Nicole J. Van Bergen | George Y. Kong | Vicki Chrysostomou | Hayley S. Waugh | Evelyn C. O'Neill | Jonathan G. Crowston | Ian A. Trounce
Volume 93, Issue 2, August 2011, Pages 204-212
The similarities between glaucoma and mitochondrial optic neuropathies have driven a growing interest in exploring mitochondrial function in glaucoma. The specific loss of retinal ganglion cells is a common feature of mitochondrial diseases - not only the classic mitochondrial optic neuropathies of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy and Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy - but also occurring together with more severe central nervous system involvement in many other syndromic mitochondrial diseases. The retinal ganglion cell, due to peculiar structural and energetic constraints, appears acutely susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial function is also well known to decline with aging in post-mitotic tissues including neurons. Because age is a risk factor for glaucoma this adds another impetus to investigating mitochondria in this common and heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease. Mitochondrial function may be impaired by either nuclear gene or mitochondrial DNA genetic risk factors, by mechanical stress or chronic hypoperfusion consequent to the commonly raised intraocular pressure in glaucomatous eyes, or by toxic xenobiotic or even light-induced oxidative stress. If primary or secondary mitochondrial dysfunction is further established as contributing to glaucoma pathogenesis, emerging therapies aimed at optimizing mitochondrial function represent potentially exciting new clinical treatments that may slow retinal ganglion cell and vision loss in glaucoma. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Pathophysiology of human glaucomatous optic nerve damage: Insights from rodent models of glaucomaJohn C. Morrison | William O. Cepurna Ying Guo | Elaine C. Johnson
Volume 93, Issue 2, August 2011, Pages 156-164
Understanding mechanisms of glaucomatous optic nerve damage is essential for developing effective therapies to augment conventional pressure-lowering treatments. This requires that we understand not only the physical forces in play, but the cellular responses that translate these forces into axonal injury. The former are best understood by using primate models, in which a well-developed lamina cribrosa, peripapillary sclera and blood supply are most like that of the human optic nerve head. However, determining cellular responses to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and relating their contribution to axonal injury require cell biology techniques, using animals in numbers sufficient to perform reliable statistical analyses and draw meaningful conclusions. Over the years, models of chronically elevated IOP in laboratory rats and mice have proven increasingly useful for these purposes. While lacking a distinct collagenous lamina cribrosa, the rodent optic nerve head (ONH) possesses a cellular arrangement of astrocytes, or glial lamina, that ultrastructurally closely resembles that of the primate. Using these tools, major insights have been gained into ONH and the retinal cellular responses to elevated IOP that, in time, can be applied to the primate model and, ultimately, human glaucoma. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Melatonin: An underappreciated player in retinal physiology and pathophysiologyGianluca Tosini | Kenkichi Baba | Christopher K. Hwang | P. Michael Iuvone
Volume 103, Issue , October 2012, Pages 82-89
In the vertebrate retina, melatonin is synthesized by the photoreceptors with high levels of melatonin at night and lower levels during the day. Melatonin exerts its influence by interacting with a family of G-protein-coupled receptors that are negatively coupled with adenylyl cyclase. Melatonin receptors belonging to the subtypes MT1 and MT2 have been identified in the mammalian retina. MT1 and MT2 receptors are found in all layers of the neural retina and in the retinal pigmented epithelium. Melatonin in the eye is believed to be involved in the modulation of many important retinal functions; it can modulate the electroretinogram (ERG), and administration of exogenous melatonin increases light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Melatonin may also have protective effects on retinal pigment epithelial cells, photoreceptors and ganglion cells. A series of studies have implicated melatonin in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration, and melatonin administration may represent a useful approach to prevent and treat glaucoma. Melatonin is used by millions of people around the world to retard aging, improve sleep performance, mitigate jet lag symptoms, and treat depression. Administration of exogenous melatonin at night may also be beneficial for ocular health, but additional investigation is needed to establish its potential. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Molecular mechanisms underlying the corneal endothelial pumpJoseph A. Bonanno
Volume 95, Issue 1, February 2012, Pages 2-7
The corneal endothelium is responsible for maintaining the hydration of the cornea. This is through a "Pump-Leak" mechanism where the active transport properties of the endothelium represent the "Pump" and the stromal swelling pressure represents the "Leak". For the "Pump", Na +, K + ATPase activity and the presence of HCO 3-, Cl -, and carbonic anhydrase activity are required. Several basolateral (stromal side) anion transporters, apical (facing the aqueous humor) ion channels and water channels have been identified that could support a model for ion secretion as the basis for the endothelial pump, however evidence of sustained anion fluxes, osmotic gradients or the need for water channels is lacking. This has prompted consideration of other models, such as Electro-osmosis, and consideration of metabolite flux as components of the endothelial pump. Although the conditions under which the "Pump" is supported are known, a complete model of the endothelial "Pump" has yet to emerge. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Elevated membrane attack complex in human choroid with high risk complement factor H genotypesRobert F. Mullins | Aaron D. Dewald | Luan M. Streb | Kai Wang | Markus H. Kuehn | Edwin M. Stone
Volume 93, Issue 4, October 2011, Pages 565-567
Data from human genetics, histopathology, and animal models reveal a major role for the complement system in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Genetic variations in the complement factor H (CFH) gene are associated with an elevated risk of AMD. In this study we sought to determine whether eyes from donors with a high-risk genotype (homozygosity for the histidine allele at codon 402) exhibit altered levels of membrane attack complex (MAC) in the choroid, compared to eyes with a low risk genotype (homozygosity for tyrosine). Proteins were extracted from the RPE/choroid of 18 donors (10 low risk and 8 high risk) and levels of MAC were assessed using an ELISA assay. Eyes from donors homozygous for the histidine allele showed 69% higher levels of MAC than those homozygous for the tyrosine allele (p < 0.05), independent of whether the eyes showed signs of early AMD. Our results provide evidence that high-risk CFH genotypes may affect AMD risk by increased deposition of MAC around the aging choriocapillaris. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Tear film stability: A reviewDeborah F. Sweeney | Thomas J. Millar | Shiwani R. Raju
Volume 117, Issue , December 2013, Pages 28-38
Tear film stability can be assessed via a number of tools designed for clinical as well as research purposes. These techniques can give us insights into the tear film, and allow assessment of conditions that can lead to dry eye symptoms, and in severe cases, to significant ocular surface damage and deterioration of vision. Understanding what drives tear film instability and its assessment is also crucial for evaluating existing and new therapies. This review examines various techniques that are used to assess tear film instability: evaluation of tear break-up time and non-invasive break-time; topographic and interferometric techniques; confocal microscopic methods; aberrometry; and visual function tests. It also describes possible contributions of different tear film components; namely meibomian lipids, ocular mucins and proteins, and factors such as age, contact lens wear, ocular surgery and environmental stimuli, that may influence tear film instability. © 2013.
The role of different VEGF isoforms in scar formation after glaucoma filtration surgeryTine Van Bergen | Evelien Vandewalle | Sara Van de Veire | Mieke Dewerchin | Jean Marie Stassen | Lieve Moons | Ingeborg Stalmans
Volume 93, Issue 5, November 2011, Pages 689-699
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Our previous studies showed a differential role of VEGF isoforms in retinal physiological angiogenesis. We also demonstrated that non-selective inhibition of VEGF by bevacizumab had a beneficial effect on surgical outcome after glaucoma filtration surgery by reducing angiogenesis as well as fibrosis. However, the function of the VEGF isoforms in pathological angiogenesis and wound healing in the eye still remains unidentified. This study was designed to elucidate the differential roles of VEGF isoforms in scar formation after trabeculectomy. Furthermore, we also investigated whether pegaptanib (Macugen™, Pfizer), an aptamer which specifically blocks VEGF 165, could improve surgical outcome by reducing postoperative scarring. VEGF-R2 and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) expression was analyzed in vitro by RT-PCR, and were found to be expressed at higher levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) as compared to Tenon fibroblasts (TF). The effect of the different VEGF isoforms (VEGF 121, VEGF 165 and VEGF 189) and pegaptanib on cell proliferation was determined via WST-1 assay. Endothelial cell proliferation was stimulated after addition of VEGF 121 and VEGF 165, whereas VEGF 121 and VEGF 189 increased fibroblast growth. These effects on proliferation were associated with an activation of the ERK pathway, as revealed using the TransAM c-Myc assay. Inhibition of the ERK pathway, by PD98059 administration, significantly reduced VEGF isoform induced cell growth. A dose-dependent reduction of endothelial cell proliferation was observed after pegaptanib administration, while only the highest dose was able to inhibit fibroblast growth. Next, the in vivo effect of pegaptanib was investigated in a rabbit model of trabeculectomy. The surgical outcome was evaluated by performing clinical investigations (IOP, bleb area, height and survival), as well as histomorphometric analyses of angiogenesis (CD31), inflammation (CD45) and fibrosis (Sirius Red). A single postoperative application of pegaptanib had a beneficial impact on surgical outcome, mainly by reducing angiogenesis, but not inflammation or collagen deposition. Repeated injections slightly improved surgical outcome, but again solely by reducing angiogenesis. In summary, our results revealed that the VEGF isoforms play a differential role in ocular wound healing: VEGF 165 and VEGF 121 predominantly affect blood vessel growth, whereas VEGF 189 is rather involved in fibrosis, an important process in wound healing. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Molecular bases of corneal endothelial dystrophiesThore Schmedt | Mariana Mazzini Silva | Alireza Ziaei | Ula Jurkunas
Volume 95, Issue 1, February 2012, Pages 24-34
The phrase "corneal endothelial dystrophies" embraces a group of bilateral corneal conditions that are characterized by a non-inflammatory and progressive degradation of corneal endothelium. Corneal endothelial cells exhibit a high pump site density and, along with barrier function, are responsible for maintaining the cornea in its natural state of relative dehydration. Gradual loss of endothelial cells leads to an insufficient water outflow, resulting in corneal edema and loss of vision. Since the pathologic mechanisms remain largely unknown, the only current treatment option is surgical transplantation when vision is severely impaired. In the past decade, important steps have been taken to understand how endothelial degeneration progresses on the molecular level. Studies of affected multigenerational families and sporadic cases identified genes and chromosomal loci, and revealed either Mendelian or complex disorder inheritance patterns. Mutations have been detected in genes that carry important structural, metabolic, cytoprotective, and regulatory functions in corneal endothelium. In addition to genetic predisposition, environmental factors like oxidative stress were found to be involved in the pathogenesis of endotheliopathies. This review summarizes and crosslinks the recent progress on deciphering the molecular bases of corneal endothelial dystrophies. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.


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Youth Arts
EEA's Youth Arts programme empowers young people, up to age 25, to express their ideas and become creative activists through collaborations with professional Street Arts practitioners.
By working outdoors young performers and visual artists are set free from the constraints of formal or paid for arts, leaving space for invention, improvisation and interaction. It is a space where surprises happen, moments are shared in the instant and are completely unrepeatable. We engage with young people through:
- Regular weekly workshops and summer schools
- Bespoke projects with primary and secondary schools
- Young producers programmes in museums
- Facilitation training in Universities
"EEA are brilliant at twisting learning into a fun, innovative and surprising experience. The young people got so much out of their encounter with EEA's team who helped them to realise their artistic vision and their own creative potential."
Sasha Leacock, Forest Hill School
Case studies


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DUFL is a premium travel service- a personal valet that simplifies business travel by shipping, cleaning and storing your business attire.
DUFL stores your clothing in your personal DUFL closet, and allows you to virtually 'pack' by selecting your clothing items from within the app. Once you've scheduled your trip, you'll travel – bag free, and your freshly cleaned and neatly packed clothing will meet you at your specified destination. When you're ready to head home, schedule a pick up from the hotel and we'll clean your clothes and have them waiting in your virtual closet, ready for your next trip!
Tired of traveling with your golf clubs, scuba gear, snowboard, bicycle, surfboard, fishing gear, etc? Let DUFL do the heavy lifting. Send us your sports equipment and we'll clean, inventory, photograph and store it in your virtual closet and then ship it to your destination the next time you travel! Want to store your clothes with us, too? Feel free to travel the globe, hands-free, without ever having to pack!
Standard 3-day US domestic shipping for golf clubs starts as low as $75 per round trip. Call us at 1-844-DUFL-BAG or email us at email@example.com for a quote and your shipping labels!
As a DUFL user, you'll receive a DUFL Bits promotional product in your suitcase when you travel- no strings attached! Enjoy!
Find that 25th hour of the day by eliminating time spent packing, cleaning and managing your bag.
Breeze through the airport without worrying about checking or retrieving your bag – or boarding early to secure a spot in the overhead bin.
Track your bag's whereabouts in the DUFL app at all times.
Our storage facility offers 24/7 security with state-of-the-art tracking and inventory systems to keep your items safe.
Your clothes will be professionally cleaned and stored in your virtual closet and then freshly packed when you schedule a trip.
Your bag meets you at your scheduled destination allowing you to focus on business.* Actual suitcase may vary.
DUFL is a travel valet service that completely eliminates the need to launder, dry clean, and pack your clothes for every trip. With DUFL, you simply send your clothes to DUFL storage and use your virtual closet to select the items you want to take on each trip you schedule. Your clothes will be there when you get there – professionally cleaned and packed in your DUFL suitcase.
DUFL pricing is simple. Prices are fixed and applied to the credit card on file upon completion of your trip.
Per month for Virtual Closet and Sports Locker
Standard round trip*
* Standard $99 trip includes 3-day shipping to destination, 3-day return shipping to warehouse and cleaning and processing.
Overnight shipping is available at an additional charge of $49 each way. International Service is available in select destinations.
Request a quote in the DUFL app for DUFL Sports & DUFL International and our support team will contact you within 30 minutes with pricing.


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Voices: Can Tiger break Nicklaus' record?
March 5, 2013
It's been years since Tiger Woods won a major, but the man he's chasing for the all-time record believes Woods has more in him. Jack Nicklaus said he still thinks Woods will exceed 18 major wins, although he added the caveat that Woods had better ''get with it'' -- and soon. Is Nicklaus' record safe?
- Hutchie1030: "Pretty cagey by Nicklaus, who I'm sure would prefer that he remain the all-time leader in major championships won, at least while he's alive... who wouldn't? Publicly supportive, while applying just the least bit of subtle pressure. Well-played, Jack. Again."
- 284Art: "That's pretty clever of Jack Nicklaus. If Tiger breaks the record, he sounds gracious by rooting for him. If Tiger doesn't break it, Jack is still the #1 golfer ever."
- FallDawg: "If Tiger doesn't break the record, then it probably won't be broken. Too much money too soon for the young guys out there now. Tiger is the only one out there with the desire and opportunity to break it."
- Cincy132002: "All he needs to do is just win one and he would probably string together 3 or 4 more in a 2-3 year span. But until hes able to work out his mental focus, he will never get even one.'"
- Silver Charm 63: "It ain't happening. Woods certainly has a chance to break Snead's record but '18' is safe for many more years."
- Dave2878: "Tiger is done. He's lost his touch and won't ever get it back... Jack's records are safe."
Join the conversation or respond by signing in or creating a profile and blogging.


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Why Are We Shaming All The Single People?
After a lot of self-work and love, I dropped the crap and chose to love myself, every wrinkle, every imperfection inside and out. This form of self-love is what we could be spreading, as opposed to fear of aging and the fear of ending up alone. We were born alone, and we will die alone, whether or not you have a husband and kids, this is true for all of us.


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Created in this Craftsy class
Plus-size women deserve cute clothes! Learn how to make comfortable and flattering garments with Barbara Deckert, author of Sewing for Plus Sizes.
Other projects made as part of this class:
Offer some kudos...
Join the conversation...
Ask a question...
Add your comment...
What materials did you use? Paper tape, plastic garbage bag, duct tape for the form. Wood for the stand and an old t-shirt to cover.
What advice would you give someone starting this project? It takes a whole weekend with all the steps needed. First to make her, dry her, fill her, get her on a stand. Each step took time for me or for hubby to do. It is really rewarding when successfully done. She is pretty much spot on my size as we did tape tightly on the first layer.
I have a question. My bust is a size 18/18/Lg. My Timmy and hips fall into the 20/22/24 range. My bust is a 40 C, on the small size. I have just lost 120 pounds, and before, I was definitely a plus size, but now, I am a combo, I think. I am only 5'0" tall. Would this class be helpful? Thanks, Melody Lema
Absolutely. This class will help anyone who has non-standard (according to the pattern companies) sizes and wants to learn to make the patterns fit them. (If you want to start from scratch and make your own patterns the classes by Suzy Furrer are excellent - but then you become the designer as well.) We all seem to be one size in the bust, another in the waist and yet another in the hips..... at least I do. This class helped me immensely. As I lost weight (also a significant amount of 90 lbs, though not as much as you *congrats*) my body changed a lot and some places lost weight and others did not. Now I can custom fit just about anything. Good luck.
Thank You so much. And you are right. Spent almost 40 years being over 100 pounds overweight. I used to sew rectangles, I was as wide as tall, LOL. Now from a DDD to a small C, I am like a triangle! Thank You for your advice. This seems like a class I need. I feel like a new sewer, not someone who has been sewing for over 55 years! This will be my birthday gift then. Thanks so very much, and congrats to you also. It is a major life change, isn't it.
Your comments make me want to buy this class. I am french from Paris, I hope my english is good enough to understand everything :o)
I found your site on crafty am soon excited, have always wanted a dress form, You are supper!!!!
well done. i love your dress form.


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On Tap Today: Bastille Days is back
Oui, it's true - Bastille Days is back - a free, four-day festival that will be anything but low-key. Starting at 11 a.m. today, the neighborhood in and around Cathedral Square Park will bustle with live music stages, an array of food options and Mardi Gras-style entertainment, including a parade. Look out for the float with Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI.
The fan-favorite Storm the Bastille 5k run/walk starts at 9 tonight, in honor of the mob rushing Paris' Bastille prison - the event that marked the beginning of the French Revolution. The festival ends at 9 p.m. Sunday. »Read Full Blog Post
Kacey Musgraves coming to The Rave Dec. 6
Above: Kacey Musgraves performs at the Kenny Chesney "No Shoes Nation" show at Miller Park in May. Photo by Rick Wood. »Read Full Blog Post
Singles Scorecard: Hear new songs from Taylor Swift, One Direction and Ice Cube
Taylor Swift strays even further from her initial country pop sound with "Sweeter Than Fiction," her take on '80s bubblegum pop. Associated Press photo by Charlie Sykes. »Read Full Blog Post
Taking a look at the 'Best American' and other writing anthologies
Readers who had an early look at the annual "Best American" anthologies and other best-of writing collections might have seen an indicator for this year's Nobel Prize for literature.
Canadian writer Alice Munro, this year's Nobel lit laureate, is included in three of the collections, with different stories in "The Best American Short Stories" ("Train") and "The O. Henry Prize Stories" ("Leaving Maverley") and a personal essay in "The Best American Essays" ("Night"). (All three works come from her 2012 book "Dear Life.") »Read Full Article
Reading the John Updike stories: 'Toward Evening'
The Library of America recently published 'John Updike: The Collected Stories,' a two-volume boxed set of 186 stories arranged in chronological order. I'm reading one or more a week and commenting on them each Wednesday until I finish the collection or give up.
"Toward Evening," as its title suggests, is a slight story preoccupied with a dreamy state of fading light and lust. Tired Rafe catches a bus in front of St. Patrick's Cathedral. He helps boost a chubby woman on to the bus. »Read Full Blog Post
Pop-rock vets Chicago to play Milwaukee's Riverside Theater
Veteran pop-rock act Chicago returns to Milwaukee April 30 for a 7 p.m. show at the Riverside Theater, 116 W. Wisconsin Ave.
Formed in 1969 as the Chicago Transit Authority, the horns-and-harmonies-powered band has had 21 top 10 singles in its 40-plus-year tenure ( "Saturday in the Park," "25 or 6 to 4," "If You Leave Me Now," "Make Me Smile," "Hard to Say I'm Sorry," etc.), and is still recording new material, including "America," posted online earlier this year. »Read Full Article(2)
On Tap Today: Brian Wilson, Jeff Beck, more Updike and hate mail
It's sort of a head-scratching combination, but still hard to beat. Brian Wilson and Jeff Beck play tonight at the Riverside Theater.
If that doesn't grab you, maybe you are more in the mood for a Milwaukee Admirals face-off against the Texas Stars or an opportunity to work outside. »Read Full Blog Post


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Dragon Ball: Raging Blast 2
Raging Blast 3
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XBOX GAMERTAG ----> AMPrice19
From what it looks like, they aren't planning on putting Dragonball or Dragonball GT characters.
With that said, Garlic JR., DR. Wheelo. Lord Slug, Great Ape Forms (like Tenkaicihi 3, but then they would have to have all the "LARGE" characters like Full Powered Lord Slug and DR. Wheelo) Kind Cold, King Vegeta, Hurcule, and Uub (as far as the top of my memory).
PSN: Tsuruke.
Brawl:3609-0727-8639 (Name: Turk).
seeing as though they've used most of the main characters for rb1 then went to film specials for rb2 i cant see where they would go, maybe a new ss3 only vegeta deserves it but according to kids every one needs to be able to transform, on this topic only bardock seems to be the only saiyan i would like to see transform
XBOX GT ----> CarbonPricey
They should really focus more on each character's uniqueness. For example, take a look at Tarble's moveset. He doesn't have anything exclusive, except for his Ultimate. I know he doesn't do much in the movie but they should give these characters something unique. And treat transformations like an actual power-up, rather than a different character.
Why worry about tomorrow. It will be gone the day after.
"If I fight seriously, the whole Earth could be destroyed." - Vegeta
munkeyfeets 6 years ago#5
i utterly need ssj4 goku <3
I just stole 2 seconds from your life.
No, you can't have them back...
Alesandros 6 years ago#6
^^Transformations do give a powerup. . .
Increased attack, increased defense, increased melee speed (usually).
Non mihi, non tibi, sed nobis. . .
WarriorShizuka 6 years ago#7
As I recall, GT and DB was going to be in RB2 but was taken out last minute.
If I were them I would remove half of the characters and then develop the CORE DBZ characters to (as people say) make them unique.
Alesandros posted...
^^Transformations do give a powerup. . .
Increased attack, increased defense, increased melee speed (usually).
Well if they do it's very minimal. What about this? Use Kaioken three times and you have a more powerful melee than Super Saiyan 3. That's too wrong!
Why worry about tomorrow. It will be gone the day after.
"If I fight seriously, the whole Earth could be destroyed." - Vegeta
JC_Vertigo 6 years ago#9
However Kaioken has penalties.
"It's so much easier to believe that only your own thoughts and beliefs are absolutely correct." - Guy Cecil
GT: Pssych
It's a lot harder to get to Kaiokenx3 then it is to hold down RT and transform into SSJ3, so it should be stronger. If you let your opponent get Kaiokenx3 you deserve to get the beating of a life-time.
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Lovely Little Loos: Small Bathrooms with Big Style
HGTV 2 A small bathroom in London, designed by Celia James via Houzz. The mirrors make the space look larger and the storage cabinet beneath the sink stands on legs so the floor sweeps under it. 3 Rachael Smith Photography via Desire to Inspire. I love the tile and the cool mirror in this small space. 4 All this marble and glass make the bathroom feel less cramped. Retrouvious via Desire to Inspire. 5 JL Sprinkelbug. What a great little sink and vanity. And that modern compact toilet is a great space-saver. SECOND ROW 6 Lauren Bradshaw via Design Sponge. Dark walls doen't necessarily make a small bathroom seem smaller! 7 A small 5x7 bathroom was renovated to make better use of the space. A new rounded sink occupies less space and the entire wall above the sink was made into one big mirror. The medicine cabinet, which once jutted out, was built into what had been a jog in the wall to the right of the sink. Sunset. Sources: As credited above.


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9 Comments
Adbekunkus Human
Too cool!!!
macarenage Artist
catchitpromotion Artist
Love the design and how you had it coming out of their head :]
Kaysetoaster Artist
very nice, looks very nice balanced. a little more stuff going to the top would be cool. this way it looks a little cut off to the top.
Wow! Great drawing!
it should be on white tee
Beautiful illustration, voted.
If you get a chance, please check out my design, thanks.
BenjaminPhantom Artist from Florida, United States
Really nice work. Unique style. Voted.


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STACY STEVENS remembers when the tradition began. John Stevens Jr. was 7, had just been on the winning team in a huge Canada-American hockey tournament.
His father, John Stevens the senior, was hundreds of miles away, somewhere in some New England AHL town, making a buck.
"I did not take a video camera to the games," the wife of the Flyers' coach was saying as she waited out her two sons' hockey practice last week. "And at the end of the tournament one of the dads came out of the locker room and said, 'Your son is going to make me cry. He was just looking around the locker room and all the dads were hugging their kids and he looked at me as serious as you can be at 7 and said, 'I wish my dad could be here, too.'


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OSHA News Release - (Archived) Table of Contents
OSHA News Release – Region 4
U.S. Department of Labor
Region 4 News Release
Release Number: 05-1727-ATL (233)
Date: Friday, September 22, 2005
Contact: John Deifer Jo Anne Burgoyne
Phone: (912) 652-4393 (404) 562-2076
Proposed Penalties Total $107,000
SAVANNAH, Ga. -- The U.S. Labor Department's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has cited Beachside Realty & Development and Division 9 Contractors for exposing employees to fall hazards at a Tybee Island job site. The agency is proposing penalties totaling $107,000.
"Falls are a leading cause of worker deaths in the Southeast," said John Deifer, OSHA's Savannah area director. "These accidents can be prevented by reducing employee exposure to fall hazards."
OSHA began an inspection on March 29, after two employees were observed working without any fall protection on the third floor of a building under construction at the Beachside Colony Resort, Tybee Island.
Beachside Realty & Development, the controlling contractor, was issued two repeat citations, with proposed penalties of $68,000, for exposing workers to falls from unprotected floor edges and stairways. OSHA issues a repeat citation when an employer has been cited previously for a substantially similar condition.
The company also received a serious citation, with a proposed penalty of $800, for exposing employees to hazards from improperly fitted and inadequately secured temporary stairs and landings.
Division 9 Contractors was also cited, with proposed penalties of $4,200, for exposing workers to the same defective temporary stairs and landings and for failing to have a designated competent person identify fall hazards at the job site.
Additionally, the company received two repeat citations, with proposed penalties of $34,000, for exposing employees to falls from unprotected working and walking surfaces at the three-story building that will eventually house 40 condo units.
The companies have 15 working days to contest the citations and proposed penalties before the independent Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission. The inspection was conducted by OSHA's Savannah area office located at 450 Mall Boulevard, Suite J; phone: (912) 652-4393.
Companies seeking help to reduce fall hazards are encouraged to contact OSHA for information about its fall protection program. This assistance program is separate and distinct from the agency's enforcement efforts.
Employers are responsible for providing a safe and healthful workplace for their employees. OSHA's role is to assure the safety and health of America's workers by setting and enforcing standards; providing training, outreach, and education; establishing partnerships, and encouraging continual improvement in workplace safety and health. For more information, visit www.osha.gov.
U.S. Labor Department (DOL) releases are accessible on the Internet at http://www.dol.gov. The information in this news release will be made available in alternate format upon request (large print, Braille, audio tape or disc) from the COAST office. Please specify which news release when placing your request. Call (202) 693-7765 or TTY (202) 693-7755. DOL is committed to providing America's employers and employees with easy access to understandable information on how to comply with its laws and regulations. For more information, please visit www.dol.gov/compliance.
|OSHA News Release - (Archived) Table of Contents


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Bucks Community Awards & Breakfast
March 2017
Campus Map and Directions
2015 Highlights:
Join Dr. Stephanie H. Shanblatt, President of Bucks County Community College, and the President of the BCCC Foundation, along with other community leaders and executives from the region for the 8th Annual Bucks Community & Awards Breakfast. For more information, call (215) 968-8417 or email email@example.com.
A special thank you to Presenting Sponsor:
Thanks also to our friends at Horizon Services for serving as the Award Sponsor.


text: UO UO Student Protest Against Fossil Fuel Investments Enters 6th Week By Kyra Buckley • Mar 30, 2016 Kyra Buckley Students at the University of Oregon want the school to stop investing in the fossil fuel industry. Wednesday members of Divest UO rallied outside the administration building. The protest is part of a continued sit-in at U of O's Johnson Hall. LTD Bus Driver Arrested After Calling In Bomb Threat By Angela Kellner • Sep 3, 2015 Will Kanellos/ETHOS Magazine A bus driver who worked for Lane Transit District since 2003 was arrested Thursday for calling in a bomb threat. Traffic was shut down traffic for more than an hour near the University of Oregon. Beavers Upset 6th Ranked Arizona State In Corvallis By Desmond O'Boyle • Nov 16, 2014 gtff3544.net The Oregon State Beavers upset number 6th ranked Arizona State 35 to 27 Saturday night in Corvallis. Quarterback Sean Mannion's 66-yard touchdown pass early in the fourth quarter gave the Beavers the lead. With 1:38 left, Michael Doctor's 35-yard interception return for a score sealed win. The Beavers snapped a four-game losing streak, while the Sun Devils snapped a five-game winning streak. The loss to the slumping Beavers hurt A-S-U's shot at a second straight berth in the Pac-12 championship game. Line of Fire: Cartooning's Political Impact By Eric Alan • Sep 29, 2014 Political cartoonist and Pulitzer Prize finalist Jack Ohman presents the talk Line of Fire: Cartooning's Political Impact at the UO's Wayne Morse Center for Law and Politics. He speaks with Eric Alan about the unique journalistic form of cartoons and the reaction they bring, including how his Rick Perry cartoon resulted in death threats. What RAIN Can Bring To The Southern Willamette Valley By Desmond O'Boyle • Jun 2, 2014 Meeting Date: May 30th, 2014Air Date: June 2, 2014 Last summer, the Oregon legislature approved $3.5 million seed funding for the South Willamette Valley Regional Accelerator and Innovation Network (RAIN). RAIN's goal is economic development for our area, which is slowly making the transition from a dependence on natural resources to a knowledge-based economy. Growing Forward: Maintaining Liveability Through Better Town-Gown Relations By Desmond O'Boyle • Apr 21, 2014 Air Date: April 21, 2014 Meeting Date: April 18, 2014 A large institution of higher education in a small- or mid-sized town inevitably influences life in that locale. The Eugene-Springfield area is no exception. The UO brings the benefits of research and innovation, economic development, and employment opportunities. It brings new ideas, resources, and diverse people into the community. Oregon Softball Sweeps Civil War Series In Corvallis By Jes Burns • Apr 14, 2014 Eric Evans/GoDucks.com The #1 ranked Oregon Ducks softball team completed their Civil War series with Oregon State Monday with a sweep. In the final game in Corvallis, the Ducks crushed the Beavers 18-0, after winning games on Saturday and Sunday. Over the course of the three-game series, Oregon outscored OSU 38 to 7. The Ducks should stay at #1 in this week's national rankings. Building Equity And Inclusion At The UO And Beyond By Desmond O'Boyle • Apr 14, 2014 Meeting Date: Friday April 11, 2014 Air Date: Monday April 14, 2014 Diversity is central to the academic mission of the university. The meaning of diversity and how to makes it meaningful in the lives of UO students, faculty, and staff are the focus of the presentation by Alex-Assensoh. The UO has long been known as a place where talent is identified and nurtured. Programs and policies instituted by the Equity and Inclusion office are designed to create a more welcoming environment for all members of the community. Oregon Softball Makes History With #1 Ranking By Jes Burns • Apr 9, 2014 Eric Evans/GoDucks.com The University of Oregon softball team hit a milestone this week. For the first time in school history, they are the number one team in the country. The top ranking comes after the Ducks won two in a three-game series against then-number-one UCLA. After the final game Sunday, senior utility player Kailee Cuico told Oregon Sports Network the series showed what the team could do. Oregon Women Come Out Strong In NIT With 90-63 Win By Jes Burns • Mar 20, 2014 Jes Burns The University of Oregon women's basketball team opened the first round of the National Invitational Tournament with a 27 point win Thursday night in Eugene. The Stockton, CA-based University of the Pacific had a nice season in the West Coast Conference going 12 and 6. It was the exact opposite of the Ducks in the PAC-12. In fact, Oregon just barely had enough overall wins to even qualify for the NIT. Pages1 2 next › last »


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text: You are viewing Troy Asks Devon Answers - 9 of 21 T.A.D.A. #5 Dark Ages Edition By TroyAsksDevonAnswers Tough questions: Real answers. You know the score. Published October 22, 2008 25 views More Info » Full Credits TroyAsksDevonAnswers Uploader Additional Credits Additional Credits: Troy Devon Oliver Stats & Data 3 Funny Votes 1 Die Votes 25 Views Published: October 22, 2008 Categories: Web Series Keywords: Dark Ages Troy Asks Devon Answers TADA Oliver Up Next: T.A.D.A. #12 Tummy Edition AUTOPLAY Up Next In: 10 T.A.D.A. #12 Tummy Edition T.A.D.A. # 9 Cheese Edition T.A.D.A. #7 Outback Edition T.A.D.A. #13 Men In Black Edition Follow Facebook Twitter Tumblr Instagram Browse Related Comments Troy Asks Devon Answers 20+ more View All ▶ 20+ more View All ▶ TroyAsksDevonAnswers Vaguely Related Videos Vaguely Related Pics & Words Advertisement Tags: Dark Ages Troy Asks Devon Answers Advertisement


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The coincidence of two such interesting features as these in the same patient is unusual enough to warrant the case being reported somewhat in detail.
—An engineer, aged 39, was seen on Feb. 26, 1910. The family history and the patient's past and personal history were negative. The habits of the patient were good.
Present Complaint.
—Some eight months before, the patient noticed a belching of gas, sour or bitter, usually after meals. There was never any localized pain or any pain with reference to food, but rather a general abdominal distress "due to gas" relieved by belching or by pressure and massage over the epigastrium. The bowels had been obstinately constipated, requiring enemas to move them. The appetite had been good, but food causes distress on account of the belching and eructation following. Weakness had been progressive, and for the last month the patient had been almost
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Rent Study Guide with Student Solutions Manual for Brown/Iverson/Ansyln/Foote's Organic Chemistry, 5th 5th edition today, or search our site for other textbooks by Kate Brown. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by Brooks Cole.
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Nearly 190 bags of crack, cocaine and heroin were found inside a man's car in Salem.
An officer searched the car in the BJ's Wholesale parking lot after noticing two men acting suspiciously.
Following an investigation, police arrested Roberto Agosto-Vazquez of Boston. He is being held on $50,000 bail.


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Frank Baughman, 81, of Amarillo died Friday, Feb. 13, 2004.
Services will be at 2 p.m Monday in Beautiful Savior Lutheran Church with the Rev. Charles Meyer, pastor, officiating. Dick Bynum will give a eulogy. Entombment will be in Llano Garden Mausoleum. Masonic rites are by Palo Duro Masonic Lodge No. 1239. Military rites are by D.A.V. Chapter 26. Arrangements are by Boxwell Brothers Funeral Directors, 2800 Paramount Blvd.
Mr. Baughman graduated from the University of Texas at Austin with a bachelor's of business administration in 1953. He graduated from the University of Texas Law School with a doctor of jurisprudence in 1955. He had been a member of the Texas Bar since 1954. He was also a member of the Northern District of Texas, Western District of Texas, Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals and United States Bankruptcy Court.
He had been a member of the Amarillo Bar since 1956 and served as president of the Amarillo Bar Association, president of Amarillo Junior Bar Association, president of Amarillo Trial Lawyers Association and director of Amarillo Criminal Defense Lawyers. He was a member of Delta Theta Phi legal fraternity.
He was former city of Amarillo tax attorney, first assistant district attorney, and district attorney for the 47th Judicial District. He received the Lions International President's Award in 1979.
He served in the Navy during World War II from 1942 to 1946 in the Pacific. He was on the boards of directors of Friends of the Court, Llano Estacado Council Boy Scouts of America and Big Brothers of Amarillo. He was founding chairman of Palo Duro District Boy Scouts and a former Potter County Democratic Chairman.
He was a member of Amarillo Chamber of Commerce Fine Arts Council, life member of Texas Panhandle Heritage Foundation, Amarillo Aquatic Club board of directors, American Legion Hanson - Post 54, Greater Southwest Music Festival board of directors, president of Amarillo Ballet Theatre, Amarillo College Coordinating Board advisory board, president of Amarillo Downtown Lions Club, where he received his 50 year service pin, president of Amarillo Dance Theatre, Texas Lions League for Crippled Children, life member of Texas Bar Foundation, PACILS board of directors, Texas Lions Foundation Fellow, Palo Duro Lodge No. 1239, Uniontown Lodge of Perfection, Pennsylvania Consistory and Khiva Shrine Temple.
Survivors include his wife, Lucille Quinto Baughman; a daughter, Luann Baughman Meyer of Amarillo; four grandchildren, Chesa Rhea Halsey, Jason Meyer, Scott Meyer, and Jonathan Meyer, all of Amarillo; a brother, Howard Baughman and wife, Jean, of Amarillo; and a sister-in-law, Betty Baughman of Amarillo.
The family suggests memorials be to Beautiful Savior Lutheran Church Building Fund, 3500 S. Bowie St., Amarillo, TX 79109, the Amarillo Downtown Lions Club, P.O. Box 2792, Amarillo, TX 79105, Palo Duro Masonic Lodge No. 1239, 1701 S. Polk St., Amarillo, TX 79102, or to BSA Hospice, P.O. Box 950, Amarillo, TX 79176-0001.
Amarillo Globe-News, Feb. 15, 2004
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Synthesis of Energy-Related Issues Highlighted in National Reports of Rio+20
UNDESA, 2014by: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)
This reportĀis aĀsynthesisĀofĀthe energy issuesĀdiscussed inĀthe national reports,Āintended to help strengthen implementation of the Rio+20 directions and commitments. It identifies lessons and best practices across all regions, underscoring the nexus of energy-Ł‐related concerns with other sustainable development factors. It addresses in particular the issues relating most directly to the three focal areas of the UN Secretary-General's Sustainable Energy for All initiative: access to energy services, improving energy efficiency, and increasing the use ofĀrenewable energyĀsources.
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