text:
Iroquois Middle School
2495 Rosendale Rd, Niskayuna, NY 12309
Phone: (518) 377-2233
Principal: Victoria Palmer-Wyld
School Hours: 8:45-3:15
2016-17 Iroquois PTO Officers:
Co-Presidents: Heather Schechter & Michelle Haney
Co-Secretaries: Kim McClive-Reed & Sam Salem
Treasurer: Peter Kopcha
The Iroquois PTO recruits parent (and grandparent!) volunteers on a rolling basis and during an annual spring "Volunteer Drive" to be PTO committee chairs and members, and/or "day-of-event" helpers.
The 2016-17 PTO Volunteer SignUp is LIVE!
New Parents? Don't be shy! Come give it a try!
You can sign up online here, or email us to volunteer or find out more about a position. We'll be happy to answer any questions about what's involved!
Volunteers are needed ASAP for Picture Day on September 29 for two hours shifts beginning at 9 a.m. through 3 p.m.
Please contact Susan Hale at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Show your Iroquois Spirit!
Shop the Spiritwear Sale NOW!
The Iroquois Spirit fall sale is happening right now! Order forms are available at the school and came home in backpacks, but you can also order online right here! There are t-shirts, winter knit hats, pajama pants, sweats, and more!
The online ordering deadline is October 5th. Your items will be delivered to Tina Dell at the School Store and your student will be notified to pick them up.
Now that team letters are out, if you've visited the district Iroquois MS homepage, you may have noticed that some of the Team links don't seem to be going to the right pages . . . . Your friendly Webmaster has hunted the correct ones down for you!
You can check out assignments, find teacher emails, and all kinds of things on your team site. Take a look!
Help Wanted at the School Store!Calling all volunteers! Looking for a unique opportunity to support our Iroquois Middle Students, and the PTO? Join our Team of School Store Volunteers! Click here to sign up now.
Our School Store is open on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 11-1:30. We sell school supplies, locker accessories, Iroquois Spirit Apparel, and much more!
Thank you for considering sharing your time! Please contact Parent Store Manager Tina Dell with any questions.
Morning Announcements
Need to know if today is Day A or B? Not sure if a club meeting is today? Morning announcements are made daily during homeroom, but in case your student missed them, you can find them here.
AND . . . what's for lunch?(click the pic to see this month's school lunch menu!)
Iroquois MS has a lot of clubs, musical groups, and sports teams for students to enjoy. We're updating the information for 2015-16 as fast as it comes in. Browse some of the updated activities pages here!
Let's give a shout-out to PTO Bulletin Board Chair Carol Blood! Carol designs and posts our bulletin boards, and her displays are fantastic! Stop by and see them. They change once to twice monthly.
Three ways to get Iroquois & District News
Mail from firstname.lastname@example.com via MailChimp!
In early October, district provides each school's PTO with the updated directory information from the contact emergency cards completed by parents. This information is used to create the school directories and to update the PTO's email list. Emails from the PTO about Iroquois programs and events are sent from this account. Please add email@example.com to your address book to avoid having these important emails go into spam!
Subscribe to Buzzable for Nisky Schools! Buzzable is a separate service from the PTO Gmail and SNN (below). Although the Iroquois PTO does NOT use Buzzable (because we already have our fantastic MailChimp service :), subscribing to Buzzable allows you to get email from several other PTOs (currently NHS, VA, Glencliff, Rosendale & Craig are using Buzzables), N-CAP, and Friends of Music.
You can also swap or sell items, services and information with your school district neighbors via the Neighbor-to-Neighbor Newsletter, available only through Buzzable! Click to Start Buzzing.
For even more news, Sign up for the School News Notifier (SNN)!
SNN is Niskayuna Central School District's email distribution list. Sign up to receive district news and information on school closings and other events, board of ed meetings, and so much more!
Subscribers get reminders about upcoming school and district events, information on school closings, and more, delivered directly to their e-mail in-boxes. SNN also offers the option of receiving text messages about school closings and delays.
By "opting in," users select the news they want to receive, and they can unsubscribe at any time. Your e-mail address will not be shared with any other organization.
Parents and community members may subscribe to Niskayuna SNN today by simply clicking this link and creating a user profile: Subscribe to School News Notifier (SNN).
PTO Membership & Directory Orders
It's never too late to join PTO! Membership includes a handy print copy of the Iroquois PTO Directory.
There are now THREE ways to pay:
1. Send a $10 check made out to Iroquois PTO to the school (Please write PTO and your children(s) names and grades on the envelope)!
2. Pay by cash or check at Back To School night.
2. [NEW!] Pay dues or donate with PayPal by clicking a button below! (A PayPal account is not required; you can just use your credit card.)
Please enter children(s) full names and grades on the checkout page!
Each PayPal dues transaction costs the PTO 59¢.
Donations to help cover fees are appreciated!
Click through the link below to donate any amount you wish.
If your employer has a matching donations program (i.e., GE), please enter employer name on the final checkout page!
Try the Website's Search Feature!
In a hurry, and only need to know one little thing--like, does Iroquois have a Drama Club? How to sign up for PTO emails? Use the "Search this site" box (top right corner) to find info FAST!
What does the Iroquois PTO do?
We support the teachers and staff.
We support the students.
We support families.
For teachers, we provide mini-grant opportunities to fund items necessary or helpful to the students and classrooms. We have funded cultural programs to enrich education, the library tile project (look UP as you enter the Media Center!), and Google Chromebooks for student use. In the spring, we put on a staff recognition luncheon. We strive to help the teachers provide our children with a better education in every way possible. We also provide the bus drivers and other small gift cards to show our appreciation for their important roles.
For the students, we fund fully or partially events and programs like the Drama Club productions, Math Counts, the 8th Grade Graduation Party, snacks on Spirit Day, the Ice Cream Social, the Newcomers Dinner, and the Read-a-thon. We also sponsor and staff all student socials.
For families, we provide an Internet Safety presentation in the fall, snacks at events, and stock and staff the School Store with student supplies and Iroquois gear. We also provide support for school costs for families dealing with hardship (families needing assistance are urged to contact the Principal, ).
How can you help?
Ways you can support our students, teachers, and school:
And no matter which way you provide support to the PTO (fundraising, donations, or volunteering), we greatly appreciate all that you do. THANK YOU!
The district has new Back-to-School technology resources and support for Nisky schools families, including a new
notification system called School Messenger. Last year's Parent/Student Portal is also part of these resources, as well as NEW online Returning Student Registration. Click here for a flyer providing details!
The Parent Portal/School Messenger/Returning Student Registration Support Website can be found here!
Iroquois PTO is on Facebook!Iroquois PTO has joined the district and several other Niskayuna school PTOs on the Facebook community. Check out our brand-new Facebook page here, and give us some "likes"! You can also see the district's own Facebook page here.
AND . . . Iroquois Middle School is on Twitter! Check out the tweets here: https://twitter.com/iroqms


text:
Sparks Black Jack 2006 APHA Black Tobiano Stallion Triple Homozygous for tobiano, black, and recessive agouti 15.1 hh APHA# 887,369 Cooled and…Stud Fee: $500
"Kings Diamond JET" is amazing stallion. Double registered APHA/PINTO, Double Homozygous for tobiano & for black/bay/Buckskin. He does NOT carry the red…No Price Listed
Rookies Gallant Gem 1997 Black and White Tobiano Stallion, Son of APHA World champion Stallion The Rookie. Beautiful conformation and disposition. 100…Stud Fee: $250
SSS Dashers Image aka Dash $325 ($250 grade mares) LFG live cover only at this time, check Heartbreaker Performance Horses facebook page (updated more…Stud Fee: $325
Tuckers Mr Magnum, aka Magnum, is a minimal white tobiano stallion that throws a beautiful foal every time. This great minded gentle stallion is one of…Stud Fee: $550
He has a great temperament and passes it on to his foalsStud Fee: $500
This guy is gorgeous! You will not find a stallion with a more beautiful head, with correct balanced conformation. The first photo of him was just taken…Stud Fee: $800
His ancestors: Sire, Texan High yellow # 439,024 Dam, Lc Mighty Fancy Tramp Reg.# 879,182 Stud: Texan Bar Time Tramp Reg.# 1,007,338 Black/White Tobiano…Stud Fee: $500 CAD
Palm Beach Gardens, FL

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The video is no longer available.
Try searching our site
Latest Videos
Peace Garden Honoring Marathon Bombing Victims, Survivors Opens In MedfordIt's a remarkable oasis and a place of peace. WBZ-TV's Paul Burton reports.
Knife-Wielding Woman Shot By Police In WeymouthPolice shot a woman they say was armed with a knife at the Tammy Brook apartments Sunday. WBZ-TV's Jim Smith reports.
WBZ Accuweather Afternoon Forecast For Sept. 25Pamela Gardner has the latest forecast.
Keller @ Large: Mass. House Speaker Robert DeLeoThe Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, State Rep. Robert DeLeo, sat down with WBZ political analyst Jon Keller to discuss issues in the House.
Phantom Gourmet: Rosalina's Kitchen In WorcesterTucked away among the triple-deckers on Worcester's Grafton Hill, Rosalina's Kitchen is a casual BYOB spot where customers feast on big plates of Italian American eats.
WBZ AccuWeather Midday Forecast For Sept. 25Barry Burbank has your latest weather forecast.


text:
The city of Holloway is in Swift County, MN, USA. Holloway is a hundred percent white populated region of USA.
The primary financial activities include supplying, philanthropy and tourism and hospitality and religious and church related services.
It has wineries, churches and beer pubs as well.
Governor Cuomo Announces First Solar Schools Project At The New York Institute For Special Education In The Bronx
Governor Cuomo's K-Solar Program Increases Use of Renewable Energy in Schools (New York, NY) Governor Andrew M. Cuomo today announced the New York Institute for Special Education in the Bronx will be the site of the state's first solar schools project and will have solar panel arrays installed thanks to a power purchase agreement with SolarCity. This public-private partnership..


text:
Your browser does not support iframes.
Regional QLD, Mackay & Coalfields, Casual
28 Sep, 2016
About the Company
WorkPac is Australia's leading, privately owned recruitment provider to the mining, construction, engineering, oil and gas and healthcare sectors. We are proud to partner with some of the country's leading companies to deliver rewarding career opportunities. Register or apply with us for ongoing access to a wide range of temporary and permanent jobs for all skill levels.
About the Role
We are currently seeking Experienced Dump Truck Operators for a local Mine in the Bowen Basin required for an immediate start.
Operate Rear Dump Trucks
Maintain a High Level of Safety
Skills and Experience
CAT 793 or 830/930 Komatsu Haul Trucks
Standard 11 induction
Current Coal Board Medical
Black Coal Competencies/ Site Authorisation
Ability to pass a pre employment medical
Current Drivers License
Why work for WorkPac
Looking after our employees is important to us. Our WorkPlus Employee Benefits program offers benefits across health, private in
Job Category: Mining, Oil & Gas
Regional NSW, Port Macquarie & Mid North Coast, Casual
27 Sep, 2016
We are seeking a motivated and easygoing support worker to provide assistance to a young man with Autism and ADHD. Shift Times Shift times available include Monday to Friday afternoons/evenings. There can be additional hours with other clients if requested. Qualifications We are seeking Assistant in Nursing (AIN) or students working toward a certificate OR Studying at university or relevant tertiary qualification (E.g. Bachelor of Nursing, Social Work etc) We are looking for a someone who: Has experience in behaviour management or can work with people with challenging behaviours. Can remain clam in stressful situations Is reliable and punctual Has a Current Drivers licence and own transport Has experience working with people with a disability Is physical fit and can work individually or in a team Has a Current First Aid Certificate Successful applicants must provide or be willing to undertake a
Job Category: Disability Jobs
Regional NSW, Blue Mountains & Central West, Casual
27 Sep, 2016
Australia's largest national provider of autism-specific educational services Casual employment opportunities Approx. $38.87 per hour + superannuation Tax-effective PBI salary packaging benefits Work school term weeks only School operates from Wetherill Park, Sydney's Western Suburbs Satellite classes based in sites across Western Sydney & Lower Blue Mountains area, NSW Aspect's School Network: Autism Spectrum Australia (Aspect) has grown to become Australia's largest national educational program for children on the autism spectrum, with 9 independent schools operating from 50 locations in NSW and South Australia catering to over 1,000 students, with more than 90 classes in specialised and mainstream settings. About the School: Placement for over 130 students on the autism spectrum from pre-Kindergarten to year 12 across the Western Sydney & Lower Blue Mountains region. Operates from Wetherill Park with 11 satellite classes in both DEC & Catholic Schools in the surrounding Pa
Regional NSW, Dubbo & Central NSW, Casual
27 Sep, 2016
About theOrganisation Life Without Barriers aims to partner with people (including those with disability, in out of home care, the homeless, mental illness or refugees) to change their lives for the better. We value relationships, imagination, courage, responsiveness and we are respectful and caring in all our dealings. At Life Without Barriers we all share the responsibility for child safety. About the Role We are looking for Disability Support Workers to work within our Community Justice Program (CJP). In this program, you will be working directly with young people and adults who have an intellectual disability. This program aims to minimise recidivism rates through providing case management, visiting clients in correctional centres, mentoring, behavioural support and social skills development. You will be required to travel in this role. We have multiple casual positions available, based in Orange. The Successful Candidate will possess: Certificate III in Com
Sydney, Southern Suburbs & Sutherland Shire, Casual
27 Sep, 2016
Dolleina is a service provider that is committed to providing the highest quality in disability care to the community. We aim to assist individuals to lead lives of optimal quality, comfort and independence within their own homes. Our team endeavour to build relationships with staff and clients through open and effective communications and raise the bar on service standards. Dolleina is a progressive care company delivering care for people with disabilities. The company was established in Hunter in 1999 and now delivers care across all regions of NSW. We are seeking to employ dedicated carers to work with people with disabilities in their own home. Care will consist of short shifts in the morning and afternoon Weekend work is likely to form part of your employment Qualifications Assistant in Nursing (AIN) or students working toward a certificate Students studying Nursing, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy or Allied Health fields are welcome to apply Essential Reliable and p
Sydney, North West & Hills District, Casual
27 Sep, 2016
, , Casual
27 Sep, 2016
Experienced Construction labourers required for immediate start! NIGHT SHIFT! Excellent pay rates!
Job Category: Construction & Architecture
Regional QLD, Mackay & Coalfields, Casual
27 Sep, 2016
About the Company
WorkPac is Australia's leading, privately owned recruitment provider to the mining, construction, engineering, oil and gas and healthcare sectors. We are proud to partner with some of the country's leading companies to deliver rewarding career opportunities. Register or apply with us for ongoing access to a wide range of temporary and permanent jobs for all skill levels.
About the Role
We are currently looking for Industrial Dragline Cleaners for a 2 day shutdown at Curragh Mine. The successful candidate will ideally have previous experience in a similar role within a mining environment. Ideal candidates will have a willingness to work short term roles. A bus will be provided to and from site as well as meals and accommodation included.
General cleaning of Machinery
Dragline Cleaning
Maintain a high level of safety
Skills and Experience
Curragh Mine Induction
Standard 11 -Statement of Attainment
Coal Board Medical Section 4
Job Category: Trades & Services
Regional QLD, Toowoomba & Darling Downs, Casual
27 Sep, 2016
WorkPac is an Australian owned and operated recruitment solutions provider; we currently seek suitably qualified Mobile Plant Operators for an established Mining Operation in the Surat Basin area.
Previous mine site experience is required on any or all of the following:
CAT 785 Dump Trucks
TEREX 3300 Dump Trucks
Komatsu 475 Dozers
Komatsu WA700 - WA900 Loaders
CAT 16H & 16G Graders
Hitachi EX1800 Excavators
You will be required to have current:
Coal board medical
Coal surface generics
Clear drug and alcohol test
Drivers license
BCC for equipment or site authorisations
Roster is residential based on a 5 days on 2 days off roster, alternating 2 weeks day and 1 week night shifts.
All applicants must be prepared to undergo pre-employment medical and drug screen, and be subject to ongoing random testing whilst on site.
Safety of our people and those we work along side is our number one priority.
In order to effectively service our customer base in the Hunter valley we are seeking expressions of interest from Fitters, Electricians and General


text:
Red Review: The Incredible Cuteness Of Being and The Complete K Chronicles by Keith Knight
Jan 26, 2013 7:18PM PST
There are times in my life that I really wish that I could draw.
I've tried many times in my life to recreate the stunning boringness I see in the mediocre state of Utah, but any time I've tried I've failed in a way that is both stunning and depressing to me.
Still, I wish I could draw, particularly when I see the works of people much more talented and sexy than I am.
One of these people is Cody Winn, known in certain circles as NintendoTheory.https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-zajbBqZhkts/Tgy1YKCq_GI/AAAAAAAAAR4/OumzS89IJS4/s564/Ami+Portrait.png
I know that drawing is, at times, a long, arduous, soul sucking experience, but Cody makes it seem so worth it.https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-4wlq0ST-Q7A/TkxqoA6BAAI/AAAAAAAAAbQ/Nk2OWui-MCU/s565/Chibi+Freeman+Color.png
This brilliant sketch by Mr. Winn is a picture I used as a profile pic on 1UP, and use as the background pic on my iPod.https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-_1ArpiBnqQs/Tj6kuAutkAI/AAAAAAAAAZA/tsLN0U7gkOM/s640/DQ+Slime.png
Another person who makes me yearn to be able to draw is Keith Knight.
When I first read his comic series, The K Chronicles, in the Salt Lake City Weekly, I was hooked.
I kept on reading the City Weekly, not for the insightful commentaries from such people as Bill Frost, but because I wanted to read the further exploits of Keef and the other peoples in the far off distant land of NotUtah.
Later on, I found out about Mr. Knight's other venture, The Knight Life.
Reading a strip like The Knight Life on a daily basis made me yearn for the days when I bothered to read the newspaper.
Like any good lemming, I have tried to support Keith Knight in the way that a cheapass like me can.
Late last year, I bought The Incredible Cuteness Of Being.
When I received this compilation in the mail, I showed the cover of it to my niece, and it delighted her like anything else that is sweetly weird in this world.
I also bought The Complete K Chronicles, which is just large enough to use to knock someone the fuck out.Like this, but with a book. You know, books?
The Complete K Chronicles included many of the comics I had read over the years in the City Weekly, as well as enough comic mischief to crush a small child.
Like Mr. Winn, Mr. Knight makes me wish that I could draw.
Mr. Knight makes me with I could take the everyday mundaneness that is living in the mediocre state of Utah, and present it in a way that if ascetically pleasing, if only to me.
Hell, at the very least, I'd like to be able to draw various members of my family in the way that Keef does.
The Incredible Cuteness Of Being and The Complete K Chronicles by Keith Knight: BUY THESE YOU CHEAP MOTHERFUCKERS!!!
Voting is still open for The Fifth Annual The Four Star Awards, which will be presented on February 5th. I said voting is still open. It's open right now. As in now. Now. NOW!!! GODDAMNIT, VOTE FOR THESE GODDAMN AWARDS RIGHT THE FUCK RIGHT NOW!!! Thank you.
My brother is so cute. It's going to be sad when the public school system crushes his soul.
Volume 11 by Hunter Red. Come on, I'm trying to save for a house.
Comments (4)
Very entertainingPosted: Jan 27, 2013 12:00AM PST by GunslingerScott
Your page stands out.
Red ThanksPosted: Feb 02, 2013 12:00AM PST by Redertainment
Thank you. I very much like the Nintendo 64 controller pic on your page.
NintendoTheoryPosted: Jan 28, 2013 12:00AM PST by genresrforposers
I remember Cody, why's he not on 1up any more?
Red Answers... Sort OfPosted: Feb 02, 2013 12:00AM PST by Redertainment
I don't know. He seemed poised to be one of those people who is an unpaid yet very dedicated member of a site that seeks to draw people to said site. Then his 1UP usage kind of fizzled out. Cody still draws and does interesting things on his site, which can be found here.


text:
This section is showing information that is up to date as of the end of the 2015-16 NBA season. To join our email list and get notified when we launch the 2016-17 NBA section, register for a free account.
Brooklyn at Sacramento : Travel Analysis
Saturday Mar 31, 2012 10:00 pm -
Sacramento, CA
Odds: Sacramento by 6.5, Total Points: 210


text:
Male, 63 years old
3.51 out of 10 (what is this?)
Public Records
Harold King - Red Oak, TX Get Full Report
Search unlimited reports including arrest records, driving records, online photos...
What will you find?
Arrest Records
Harold King
Search their Arrest Records, Driving Records, Contact Information, Photos and More...
Possible Username
View Social Profiles on Facebook and 60+ Networks for hek5
View Social Profiles on Facebook and 60+ Networks for hek501
Harold E King is 63 years old. He lives in Red Oak, TX, but has also spent time in Desoto, TX. Some of Harold's family members are Kyle Tracy King, Cindy Ryan King and Martha Mcmahan King. On the web, Harold goes by the aliases hek5 and hek501.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 24, 1998
|Filing date
|Dec 23, 1996
|Priority date
|Dec 23, 1996
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Hui Cao, Jay W. Adams, Paul D. Kalb
|Original Assignee
|Brookhaven Science Associates
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (18), Non-Patent Citations (14), Referenced by (15), Classifications (17), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention was made with Government support under contract number DE-AC02-76CH00016, between the U.S. Department of Energy and Associated University, Inc. The Government has certain rights in the invention.
The present invention relates to low temperature, lead-free, phosphate glass compositions which can be used to encapsulate and immobilize radioactive, hazardous and mixed wastes. Specifically, the present invention concerns the development of novel phosphate glass compositions having reduced processing temperatures and improved chemical durability when compared with existing conventional borosilicate and phosphate glass formulations. The new materials of the present invention have been developed primarily for use in vitrifying radioactive, hazardous and mixed wastes, but can also be used in other industrial glass applications.
Industrial, utility, military nuclear operations produce radioactive hazardous and mixed wastes which must be treated in an appropriate manner before disposal to prevent environmental contamination.
Vitrification has been selected for immobilization of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) because glass is highly stable, very durable and has the ability to incorporate a wide variety of chemical contaminants. However, requirements for storage and disposal of low-level radioactive (LLW) and mixed wastes differ from those for HLW. In addition, LLW and mixed waste contaminants have waste chemistries which can vary from those typically found in HLW. Thus, evaluation of vitrification or immobilization of these wastes must consider these differences.
In the past, most research on vitrification of mixed waste has focused on borosilicate glass formulations originally developed for HLW. Although borosilicate glass has demonstrated good long-term chemical durability and is both thermally and physically stable, it requires relatively high process temperatures (1200°-1500° C.) for effective encapsulation of waste. These high temperatures are a major drawback because of volatilization of certain isotopes such as 99 Tc and 137 Cs and heavy metals, such as Pb and Cd. To capture and stabilize the off-gas contaminants high temperature processes require the use of secondary treatment systems. Further, borosilicate glass processing is incompatible with even minor amounts (>1.5 mole %) of P2 O5 in a waste stream. Insoluble phosphate phases form depending on the amount of CaO and rare earth oxides present. Further, wastes containing more than about 0.3 mole % Cr2 O3, more than about 16 mole % Al2 O3, or more than about 19 mole % Fe2 O3 have also been flagged as outside the borosilicate glass concentration envelope. Therefore, alternative vitrification processes or products are desirable for improved treatment of these wastes.
In recent years, most research on low temperature glass processes focused on phosphate glass. Phosphate glasses are network-forming materials, structurally similar to silicate glasses, whose basic building blocks are PO4 tetrahedra. Compared with silicate glasses, phosphate glasses offer significant advantages for waste vitrification, such as lower melting and softening temperatures and low melt viscosities. Use of phosphate glasses as final waste forms has been previously proposed, however interest in their development waned as durability of the glass matrix was found to be poor when compared with silicate glasses. Further, new process technologies and materials would have been required to handle their production.
Early work to develop phosphate glass as a nuclear waste form was pioneered at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) under contract with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, beginning in the late 1950's and continuing through the late 1960's as described by Tuthill, et al. in "Development of the Phosphate Glass Process for Ultimate Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Wastes," BNL 50130(T-505) (1968). Work at BNL focused on development of a continuous glass-melting process for the treatment of Purex-type wastes, nitric acid solutions of the fission products and residual salts from the extraction of uranium and plutonium, together with corrosion products. Development of the BNL process was carried out through pilot-scale testing using simulated waste solutions. A plant-scale demonstration using actual Purex HLW was conducted during the mid to late 1960's as part of the Waste Solidification Engineering Prototypes (WSEP) program at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) as described by McElroy, et al., in "Evaluation of WSEP High-Level Waste Solidification Processes" Waste Solidification Program Summary Report, Vol. 11, BNWL-1667 (1972).
In the BNL process aqueous Purex wastes were evaporated, forming primarily nitrate salts of Fe, Na, Al, Cr, and Ni. SiO2, SO4, and PO4 anions were also present in the waste, along with fission products, nominally in the concentration range of 10-3 M. Good glass formation was reportedly observed at P2 O5 compositions greater than 65 mole %, for the Fe2 O3 --Na2 O--P2 O5 ternary system, and at greater than 70 mol % for the Fe2 O3 --Al2 O3 --Na2 O--P2 O5 quaternary system. However, the Fe2 O3 -Na2 O-P2 O5 system, all glasses with less than 60 mole % P2 O5 devitrified. For the Fe2 O3 --Al2 O3 --Na2 O--P2 O5 system, all glasses with less than 70 mole % P2 O5 system, devitrified.
Glass formulations were melted at 1100°-1200° C., with temperatures reduced to 800°-900° C. during idling periods to prevent volatilization of phosphate. Metal ions were typically retained at more than 99.9% of their original amounts. Exceptions were ruthenium (94-99%) and cerium (99%), which appeared in the off-gas condensate, which was mainly H2 SO4. The melt vessel was constructed of Inconel 702 with a Pt liner. Corrosion of the Pt liner was not a problem, although cracks did develop on several occasions, corroding the container. Inconel in contact with the molten phosphate reacted to form elemental phosphorus which, in turn, combined with Pt to form alloys with lower melting points.
In Europe, in another example of a waste solidification process, phosphate glasses were investigated for solidification and metal embedding of liquid radioactive wastes as described by Van Geel, et al. in "Solidification of High Level Liquid Waste to Phosphate Glass-Metal Matrix Blocks," IAEA-SM-207/83, Vol. 1, pp. 341-359, (1976). Glass was melted at about 1100° C. using a refractory lined melter with a liquid waste feed. Glasses were prepared as small beads to avoid devitrification problems. Low-alkali or alkali-free iron-aluminum phosphate glasses were found to have improved chemical durability, even better than that of borosilicate glasses. Soxhlet (dynamic) leachabilities were found to be about 5×10-5 g/cm2 /d, although at temperatures above 100° C., leachability increased rapidly. Glasses were nominally 5 wt % Al2 O3, 15 wt % Fe2 O3, and 50 wt % P2 O5, containing about 30 wt % waste oxides.
Lead-iron phosphate (LIP) glass nuclear waste forms were introduced and characterized in detail by Sales and Boatner in the mid 1980's. While lead phosphate glasses had been studied since the mid 1950's, their poor durability in water made them of little commercial interest. Vitrified waste forms containing iron oxide, however, were found to fare favorably compared with borosilicate glass waste forms, rekindling new interest in phosphate glass waste materials. LIP glasses could be processed at temperatures 100° C.-250° C. lower than borosilicate glasses using glass melting technology similar to that developed for borosilicate glasses. Solidified forms had dissolution rates in water about 1000 times lower than comparable borosilicate formulations, at 90° C. in solutions with a pH between 5 and 9.
The addition of iron to lead phosphate glass was found to dramatically increase chemical durability of the glass, by a factor of about 104 for a 9 wt % iron oxide addition. Also, the tendency for the glass to crystallize on cooling or reheating was greatly suppressed. Without the iron modifier, lead metaphosphate glasses completely crystallized in air at 300° C. within a few hours. In contrast, LIP glasses were heated for several hundred hours at 500° C. without any signs of devitrification. A variety of metal oxide modifiers were investigated for similar effects (MgO, Al2 O3, CaO, Sc2 O3, TiO2, VO2, Cr2 O3, MnO2, CoO, NiO, Cu2 O, ZnO, Ga2 O3, Y2 O3, ZrO2, In2 O3, La2 O3, CeO2, and Gd2 O3), although none were as effective. Compositional ranges for the three major components were: PbO (37-60 wt %), Fe2 O3 (6-13 wt %), and P2 O5 (32-44 wt %), where waste loadings ranged from 14-19 wt %. Practical concentration ranges for glass matrix formation were given to be: PbO (40-66 wt %), Fe2 O3 (0-12 wt %), and P2 O5 (30-60 wt %). Glasses were melted at temperatures between 900 ° and 1050° C.
Structure of LIP glass was characterized extensively, using Mossbauer spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, Raman and infrared spectroscopy, EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure), low-angle X-ray scattering, liquid chromatography, and transmission electron microscopy. For glasses prepared below 900° C., iron was incorporated in the glass as Fe+3. Average polyphosphate chain length was reduced from more than 15 for iron-free glasses, to about 2.6 for glass with 9 wt % Fe2 O3. Thus the improvement in durability was related to strengthened cross bonding between polyphosphate chains.
PNL conducted an evaluation of LIP glasses as part of the Second Generation HLW Technology Subtask of the Nuclear Waste Treatment Program. Their review found LIP glasses to have substantially better chemical durability than borosilicate glass, although severe devitrification (leading to reduced chemical durability) would result if glass waste forms were prepared in large canisters. A processing method would be required to rapidly cool the material to quench the vitreous structure. Similarly, LIP glasses were examined for their potential applicability for Savannah River Plant (SRP) waste. Phosphate glasses were found to be highly durable, however, the glass melts were highly corrosive with existing glass melting equipment. Thermal stability and waste component solubility were lower than for high-silica glasses. As a result, borosilicate glasses were found to be, overall, more favorable for SRP waste treatment.
Ultra low melting temperature lead-tin fluorophosphate glasses were investigated by Tick, P. A. in "Water Durable Glass with Ultra Low Melting Temperatures," Physics and Chemistry of Glass, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 149-154 (December 1984) showing glass transition temperatures of 75° C.-150° C. with good resistance to water attack. Reported compositional ranges investigated were 50-61 atomic percent (atomic %) Sn, 3.0-5.7 atomic % Pb, and 34-48 atomic % P, with fluorine and oxygen contents of 35-74 and 114-149 atoms per 100 cations, respectively. Glass melting was done in air at 450° C. Although lead additions had little effect on glass transition temperature, lead-tin phosphate glasses were readily devitrified without lead as glass component, suggesting that lead has a significant effect on the bonding character in the glass. With regard to chemical durability, four distinct corrosion behaviors were noted for the glass formulations tested, corresponding to very high (>10 mg/cm2 day) to relatively low (<0.1 mg/cm2 day) dissolution rates. Best durability was associated with the compositional window defined by 8<Sn/Pb<13 and 1<Sn/P<2, with F/Sn=1±0.2. Outside this region, phase separation was suspected, producing swelling or accelerated dissolution. There are no reports about their chemical stability in acid or basic solutions so far.
Few recent advances in phosphate glass waste forms have been reported as current interest seems to be focused on phosphate glass laser development and associated optical and electronic characterization. Structure models continue to be updated, using high performance liquid chromatography and x-ray spectrometry to analyze glass samples. Chemical durability improvements in alkali phosphate glasses were proposed in a patent application by Day and Wilder in "Chemically Durable Phosphate Glasses and a Method for Their Preparation; Patent Application," Department of Energy, Washington, D.C., PAT-APPL-6-447 847, 1982. Glasses containing 10-60 mole % of Li2 O, Na2 O, or K2 O; 5-40 mole % of BaO or CaO; 0-10 mole % of Al2 O3 ; and 40-70 mole % of P2 O5 were improved by incorporating up to 23 wt % of nitrogen. Nitrides were the favored additives.
Other phosphate containing formulations proposed for nuclear waste immobilization have been glass ceramics. Certain glass-ceramics or glass-composites may possess higher chemical durabilities than single phase glasses with respect to dissolution in water or corrosion resistance in harsh environments. Glass-ceramics or glass-composites may be formulated for vitrification, consisting of a major, thermodynamically stable crystalline phase and a relatively durable, vitreous matrix.
Various combinations of phosphate glass-ceramic matrices have been manufactured at research level. For example, new castable glass-ceramic dental materials have the potential for use in many phases of restorative dentistry. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,732,087 and 4,431,420 disclose work which been carried out at Corning Glass Works on glass-ceramics based on crystallization of the parent glass. Bio-compatible calcium phosphate glass-ceramics were developed in Japan, possessing extremely high toughness and flexibility. These new materials were described as being durable in both acid and alkaline solutions by Abe, Y., et al. in "Calcium Phosphate Glass Ceramics for Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications," Asahi Glass Foundation for Industrial Technology, PB91-167056, PC A16/MF A02, (1990). In Canada, glass-ceramics based on partial crystallization of precursor glasses from the system Na2 O--Al2 O3 --CaO--TiO2 --Si02 --X (where X is waste oxides or minor processing additives) were developed for the possible solidification of fuel recycle waste was described by Hayward, P. J. in "Review of Progress in the Development of Sphere-based Glass Ceramics," Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management, IX Vol 50, Ed L. O. Werme (1986). Temperatures >1250° C. were required to create the glass; the ceramic phase was then recrystallized during sustained heating at 900°-1050° C. Similar results were obtained in the U.S. for R2 O--RO--P2 O5 and R2 O--Al2 O3 --P2 O5 glasses (where alkali metals are Na or Li, and alkaline earth metals are Ca or Ba) doped with 1 mol % of TiO2, ZrO2, Y2 O3, La2 O3, or Ta2 O5. Glass-ceramics from the system SiO2 --Cs2 O--Al2 O3 --(La, Ce)2 O3 --P2 O5 --Zr were described for high level waste immobilization at processing temperatures of <1600° C. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,314,909 to Beall, G. H., et al. While these glass-ceramics exhibit good chemical durabilities, high melting temperatures and associated losses of volatile fission products from the melts would restrict potential commercial use of these materials.
The glass compositions and vitrification process described above have many drawbacks. Processes relying on borosilicate glass formulations are incompatible with certain single-shell tank waste components, such as phosphates, calcium oxide and rare earth oxides (Wiemers, et al, PNL-7918 Report, p. 4.5). Moreover, borosilicate compositions require high-temperatures for processing which causes high loss of volatile hazardous metals requiring additional expensive off gas treatment. While lead-iron phosphate glasses appear to offer advantages of reduced process temperature and improved chemical durability compared with borosilicate glass, their lead content is considerable (40-60 wt %), posing the potential for excessive toxic releases from the glass matrix.
Accordingly, there is still a need in the art of waste disposal for a composition and method for encapsulation and immobilization of radioactive, hazardous and mixed wastes.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a composition and process for permanent storage radioactive, hazardous and mixed wastes by encapsulation in low temperature, lead-free phosphate glass compositions. Another object of the present invention is to provide durable waste forms which can withstand delocalization by ecological forces. Another object of the present invention is to develop an encapsulating process which does not cause volatilization of hazardous material.
The present invention is a new family of lead-free glass compositions and methods for their use as matrixes to immobilize low level and/or high level radioactive wastes in monolithic waste forms. More specifically, the present invention provides lead-free glass compositions for encapsulation of radioactive, hazardous and mixed wastes which include from about 1 mole % to about 6 mole % iron III oxide, from about 1 mole % to about 6 mole % aluminum oxide, from about 15 mole % to about 20 mole % sodium oxide or potassium oxide, and from about 30 mole % to about 60 mole % phosphate. The foregoing compositions have been prepared at a temperature from about 850° C. to about 950° C. and preferably 900° C. and can be used with or without waste contained therein.
In another embodiment the lead-free glass compositions may also include glass modifiers such as, from about 15 mole % to about 20 mole % lithium oxide, from about 7 mole % to about 20 mole % calcium oxide and from about 7 mole % to about 15 mole % magnesium oxide.
Other lead-free glass compositions also provided by the present invention for encapsulation of radioactive, hazardous and mixed wastes include from about 3 mole % to about 6 mole % sodium oxide, from about 20 mole % to about 50 mole % tin oxide, from about 30 mole % to about 70 mole % phosphate, from about 3 mole % to about 6 mole % aluminum oxide, from about 3 mole % to about 8 mole % silicon oxide, from about 0.5 mole % to about 2 mole % iron (III) oxide and from about 3 mole % to about 6 mole % potassium oxide. This composition may also include up to 1.5 mole % calcium oxide and up to 0.5 mole % magnesium oxide. This lead-free glass composition have been prepared at a temperature from about 400° C. to about 450° C.
The present invention also provides lead-free glass ceramic composite for encapsulation of radioactive, hazardous and mixed wastes which include a glass coposition having from about 20 mole % to about 50 mole % tin oxide and from about 30 mole % to about 70 mole % phosphate and from about 0.5 weight % to 35 weight % fly ash.
As a result of the present invention, phosphate glass formulations are provided which are lead-free and may be made at low temperatures. The lead-free phosphate glass formulations of the present invention can be used to encapsulate and immobilize radioactive, hazardous and mixed wastes. The phosphate glass formulations of the present invention differ in type and quantity of network modifiers thereby resulting in glass matrices with improved chemical durability and reduced melting temperatures. The tin-phosphate glass composites of the present invention can be used as a host matrix for wastes containing low melting point or easily volatilized components which currently require secondary treatment under other vitrification processes. The leachability of the new phosphate glass formulations of the present invention are comparable to lead-iron-phosphate glasses and better than borosilicate nuclear waste glasses having the important advantage of preventing excessive toxic lead releases from the glass matrix.
Other improvements which the present invention provides over the prior art will be identified as a result of the following description which sets forth the preferred embodiments of the present invention. The description is not in any way intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but rather only to provide a working example of the present preferred embodiments. The scope of the present invention will be pointed out in the appended claims.
FIG. 1 illustrates various iron-aluminum-phosphate and tin-phosphate glasses.
FIG. 2 illustrates tin-phosphate glass composites.
FIG. 3 is an X-Ray defraction pattern of iron-aluminum-phosphate glass.
FIG. 4 is an X-Ray defraction pattern of tin-phosphate glass composite.
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of glass Fe--Al--P2 O5 powder before product consistency tests (PCT) having 100 fold magnification.
FIG. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph of the same glass powder as in FIG. 5 taken after product consistency tests having 100 fold magnification.
FIG. 7 shows leach results for potassium-free iron-aluminum-phosphate glasses of samples BNL 8 (low Fe concentration) BNL 9 (medium Fe concentration), and BNL 5 (high Fe concentration) at 25° C.
FIG. 8 shows a comparison of PCT leach results for iron-aluminum-phosphate glasses taken for BNL 5 at 25° C. and BNL 13 at 90° C.
The present invention provides a new family of lead-free phosphate glass compositions having reduced processing temperatures and improved chemical durability. Methods for their preparation are also provided. The new glass compositions were developed primarily for use in vitrifying radioactive, hazardous and mixed wastes but can be used in other industrial glass applications.
In one aspect of the present invention, the formulation of lead-free glass compositions is synthesized by admixing from about 1 mole percent to about 6 mole percent Fe2 O3, from about 1 mole percent to about 6 mole percent Al2 O3, from about 15 mole percent to about 20 mole percent Na2 O and from about 30 mole percent to about 60 mole percent P2 O5. The resulting admixture is then subjected to temperatures from about 850° C. to about 950° C. and preferably about 900° C.
In order to change viscosity, enhance durability and corrosion resistance, modifiers can be added to the glass formulations. Useful modifiers include from about 15 mole percent to about 20 mole percent potassium oxide, from about 15 mole percent to about 20 mole percent lithium oxide, from about 7 mole percent to about 20 mole percent calcium oxide and from about 7 mole percent to about 15 mole percent magnesium oxide.
In another aspect of the present invention, the formulation of lead-free glass compositions also includes tin oxide. More specifically, the glass compositions are obtained by admixing from about 3 mole percent to about 6 mole percent Na2 O, from about 20 mole percent to about 50 mole percent SnO, from about 30 mole percent to about 70 mole percent P2 O5, from about 3 mole percent to about 6 mole percent Al2 O3, from about 3 mole percent to about 8 mole percent SiO2, from about 0.5 mole percent to about 2 mole percent Fe2 O3 from about 3 mole percent to about 6 mole percent K2 O. Optionally, the tin oxide containing glass compositions can include from about 0 to about 1.5 mole percent CaO, from about 0 to about 0.5 mole percent MgO. The resulting admixture is then subjected to temperatures from about 400° C. to about 450° C.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a lead-free glass-ceramic composite is provided by admixing a molten glass composition containing from about 2 mole percent to about 10 mole percent sodium oxide, from about 30 mole percent to about 60 mole percent tin oxide and from about 30 mole percent to about 70 mole percent phosphate and up to 35 weight percent fly ash waste which contains the remaining oxides listed above.
Once in molten state, the above glass compositions can be used to immobilize low-level and/or high-level radioactive wastes in monolithic waste forms. More specifically, the wastes can be added either as liquid, sludge or dry residue to the molten glass.
As used in the present invention radioactive waste refers to low level radioactive material as defined by Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulations ("NRC") set forth in 10 CFR 61. Low level radioactive wastes do not include spent nuclear fuel, transuranic waste or byproduct materials which are defined as high-level radioactive wastes in §11 e(2) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 at 43 U.S.C. 2014(e). Low-level radioactive wastes ("LLW") include radioactive material found in evaporator concentrate, ion exchange resins, incinerator bottom ash, filtration sludges, and contaminated filters and membranes. Cs-137, Co-57 and Sb-125 are common radioactive constituents.
Hazardous waste refers to solid waste that may pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health and the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed or otherwise managed as defined by §1004(5) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act as set forth at 40 CFR 261, EPA 55 Fed. Reg. 11862 (March 1990). Hazardous waste does not include low level radioactive waste. Hazardous materials include arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury and other metals identified by EPA as toxic metals.
Mixed waste as used herein refers to waste which includes low level radioactive waste and hazardous waste. A more complete definition of mixed waste is set forth in a Memorandum of Understanding between the NRC and EPA and as published at 51 Fed. Reg. 24505 (Jul. 3, 1986). Mixed wastes include aqueous process streams, sludges, debris, and ash waste.
Waste types which may be encapsulated according to the encapsulation process of the present invention include incinerator blowdown solution, sludges, molten salt oxidation residues, ion exchange resins and municipal solid waste incinerator ash. Incinerator blowdown solution may include chloride salts, incinerator fly ash, toxic metals and radionuclides. Sludges treatable according to the process of the present invention include calcium and sodium carbonate, nitrates, EDTA chelating agent and toxic metals. Molten salt oxidation process residues include primarily calcium carbonate salts and miscellaneous fission products and toxic metals. Ion exchange resins are used to remove hazardous contaminants from process streams and can contain radionuclides and toxic metals.
The focus of the examples set forth below has been to provide crucible studies of the novel lead-free glass compositions and composites of the present invention. Two types of phosphate glass formulations were prepared: one based on iron-aluminum-phosphate system and the other based on tin-phosphate system. Modifying cations were added to each glass in order to improve chemical durability, stability and/or processability of the glass matrices. For example, modifying cations include oxides of lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium added or substituted in varying proportions to the iron-aluminum-phosphate glass. Silicon, sodium, potassium, iron and aluminum were used to modify the tin-phosphate system. The resulting glass compositions and composites were evaluated by using leaching tests and product consistency tests. Product consistency tests (PCT) are standard glass leaching tests developed by Westinghouse Savannah River Company, presently submitted as ASTM standard C26.13 as more specifically discussed by Jantzen, C. M., et al., in "Standard Test Methods for Determining Chemical Durability of Nuclear Waste Glassed: the Product Consistency Test (PCT)," version 6.0, Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, S.C., (April, 1993). In addition, x-ray defraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electromicroscopy (SEM) have been conducted to analyze the composition of the lead-free glasses and composites of the present invention.
The examples set forth below also serve to provide further appreciation of the invention but are not meant in any way to restrict the effective scope of the invention.
In this example, glasses were prepared in small batches of reagent-grade oxide powders. The batches were from about 20 grams to about 50 grams. Raw chemicals were premixed in a rotating ball mill and then charged into 50 cc porcelain crucibles. The premixed powders were melted in a laboratory convection oven under atmospheric conditions. The resulting iron-aluminum-sodium-phosphate glasses had the following composition: 1-6 mole % Fe2 O3 ; 1-6 mole % Al2 O3 ; 15-20 mole % Na2 O; and 30-60 mole percent P2 O5. The glasses were then melted at temperatures of 900° C. from about 2 hours to about 4 hours.
Tin-phosphate glasses were prepared in the same manner and they had the following composition: 3-6 mole % Na2 O; 20-50 mole % SnO; 30-70 mole % P2 O5 ; 3-6 mole % Al2 O3 ; 3-8 mole % SiO2 ; 0.5 -2 mole % Fe2 O3 ; and 3-6 mole % K2 O. Tin-phosphate glasses were melted at 450° C. for from about 1 to about 2 hours. The resulting molten glasses were cast in stainless steel molds and allowed to cool to room temperature. Glass buttons were obtained which were, for the most part, clear with few seeds or air bubbles. The samples were not stirred during melting. As shown in FIG. 1 attached, colors ranged from light to dark brown for the iron-aluminum-sodium-phosphate glasses. The above samples were annealed at 150° C. for up to one month and showed no evidence of devitrification. These samples provide an excellent encapsulation medium for radioactive, hazardous and mixed wastes.
In this example, tin-phosphate glass composites containing additives were prepared in order to determine the capabilities of the low temperature glass as an encapsulation medium. The tin-phosphate glass composites were prepared in accordance with the procedure discussed in Example 1 above. The composites had the following formulation: 2-10 mole % Na2 O; 3-6 mole % Al2 O3 ; 3-8 mole % SiO2 ; 0.5-2 mole % Fe2 O3 ; 3-6 mole % K2 O; 30-60 mole % SnO; and 30-70 mole % P2 O5. Sodium, tin and phosphate oxides in the proportions shown above were mixed with 35 weight % fly ash waste which contained the remaining oxides listed above. The resulting glass-ceramics are shown in FIG. 2 attached. The colors ranged from light to dark gray and they were similar in appearance to glassy slags.
FIGS. 3 and 4 show XRD patterns typical of the synthesized glass and glass-ceramic materials. While the XRD patterns for iron-aluminum-phosphate glass were representative of amorphous materials, those taken from powdered tin-phosphate glass composite indicated the presence of crystalline fly ash waste bonded or encapsulated within the glass matrix. These samples have been prepared at low temperatures of about 400° C.-450° C. and have provided an excellent medium for incorporation of fly ash.
In this example, glass samples obtained in Examples 1 and 2 were comminuted to the -100 to +200 mesh size range as required for the PCT procedure desribed in Jantzen, C. M., et al., supra at pp 8-9. Large pieces were crushed inside a polyethylene bag by carefully striking with a hammer. Fines were further ground using a porcelain mortar and pestle. Powders were sieved through stainless steel sieves. Screens were cleaned and dried between batches in order to prevent cross contamination of the glasses. The density of glass samples was measured by using Quantachrome pycnometer. Density data is required to calculate glass surface area for the PCT procedure. The samples were measured both as chunks or buttons and also as crushed glass powders. Surface areas for each glass were calculated by using the equation in Appendix I of the PCT test method as discussed in Jantzen, C. M., et al. supra.
PCT testing was carried out by using teflon perfluoralkoxy vessels. Because the intended use for the glass was as host with mixed rather than high-level radioactive waste, baseline leach tests were conducted at ambient temperature according to test method B rather than at 90° C. as specified by method A for high-level radioactive waste forms. However, in order to provide a comparison with baseline borosilicate leach test results, two leach tests were conducted at 90° C. on iron-aluminum-phosphate glasses. These glasses had the following composition: BNL-13 contained about 15 mole % Na2 O, about 10 mole % Li2 O, about 12 mole % CaO, about 12 mole % MgO, about 4 mole % Fe2 O3, about 3 mole % Al2 O, and about 44 mole % P2 O5 ; BNL-14 contained about 15 mole % Na2 O, about 10 mole % K2 O, about 12 mole % CaO, about 12 mole % MgO about 3.5 mole % Fe2 O3, about 3 mole % Al2 O3 and about 44.5 mole % P2 O5. The leach tests were conducted in purified water (ASTM Type I) in a volume which had 10 times the mass of the glass sample for a period of about 7 days. Weights of the glass samples tested range from about 0.38 to about 1.17 grams. All tests were done in triplicate. On completion of the leach test, leachates were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy for matrix cations. The chemistry of the parent glasses were determined by totally digesting the reference glasses in aqua regia and hydrochloric acid and analyzing by ICP for matrix components.
Leach rates of the dissolved metals were calculated as mass of metal leach (per gram of glass sample) divided by surface area (per gram of glass) and leach time. The data was normalized by dividing the original amount of each element present in the glass, as determined by digestion of the parent glass. The leach data for all iron-aluminum-phosphate glasses is shown in Table 1 below. The leach data for tin-phosphate glass composites is shown in Table 2 below.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________PCT Leach Results for Fe2 O3 --Al2 O3 --P2O5 Glasses.Normalized Leach Rate, g/m2 /daLi Na K Mg Ca Fe B Al P__________________________________________________________________________BNL-10.sup. 1.74E-02 NAb .sup. 1.72E-02 .sup. 1.71E-02 .sup. 1.41E-02 .sup. 1.25E-02 NA .sup. 2.02E-02 .sup. 1.69E-02(9.92E-05) (1.98E-04) (3.73E-04) (1.88E-04) (8.09E-05) (2.34E-04) (1.65E-04)BNL-11.sup. 1.88E-02 NA .sup. 1.77E-02 .sup. 1.69E-02 .sup. 1.18E-02 .sup. 1.18E-02 NA .sup. 1.49E-02 .sup. 1.68E-02(6.41E-04) (8.35E-04) (3.84E-04) (1.16E-03) (5.11E-04) (5.67E-04) (3.02E-04)BNL14c.sup. 4.38E-02 NA .sup. 3.08E-02 .sup. 9.04E-03 .sup. 1.30E-03 .sup. 1.07E-03 NA .sup. 1.45E-03 .sup. 2.16E-02(8.44E-04) (1.14E-03) (5.89E-04) (3.42E-04) (1.83E-05) (7.45E-05) (1.09E-04) ##STR1##__________________________________________________________________________ a Leach data are the mean of 3 replicates; standard deviation shown in parenthesis. b NA = not applicable (this metal not included in this formulation). c Leach test conducted at 90° C.
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________PCT Leach Results for Sn--P2 O5 Glass-Composites.Normalized Leach Rate, g/m2 /dNa K Fe AI Si Sn P__________________________________________________________________________BNL-6 3.93E-02 NAb 1.99E-02 7.33E-03 NDc 6.78E-02 8.63E-02 (4.74E-03) (1.35E-03) (2.74E-04) (5.51E-03) (7.58E-03)BNL-12 NA 7.28E-02 1.75E-02 1.46E-02 3.47E-03 9.59E-02 9.00E-02 (9.09E-04) (8.23E-05) (3.19E-04) (5.66E-05) (1.24E-03) (2.02E-04)__________________________________________________________________________ a Leach data are the mean of 3 replicates; standard deviation shown in parenthesis. b NA = not applicable (this metal not included in this formulation). c ND = not detected.
Mean and standard deviation, as shown in parenthesis, of three replicate tests are reported in the tables for each glass composition. Samples BNL-5, BNL-8, BNL-9 and BNL-13 are similar in that the glasses each contain about 15 mole % Na2 O, about 10 mole % Li2 O, about 12 mole % CaO, and about 12 mole % MgO, with variable amounts of Fe2 O3 from about 1.5% mole to about 4 mole %, Al2 O3 from about 1.5% mole to about 3 mole %, and P2 O5 from about 44 to about 48 mole %. Samples BNL-10, BNL-11, and BNL-14 each contain about 15 mole % K2 O, about 10 mole % Li2 O, about 12 mole % CaO, and about 12 mole % MgO, with variable amounts of Fe2 O3 from about 1.5 mole % to about 4 mole %, Al2 O3 from about 1.5 mole % to about 3 mole %, and P2 O5 from about 44 % mole to about 48 mole %. Samples BNL-6 and BNL-12 are composites of approximately 35 wt % flyash encapsulated in a tin-phosphate glass matrix. These composites normally contain from about 2 mole % to about 10 mole %, Na2 O, from about 3 mole % to about 6 mole % K2 O, from about 3 mole % to about 8 mole % SiO2, from about 0.5 mole % to about 2 mole % Fe2 O3, from about 3 mole % to about 6 mole % Al2 O3, from about 30 mole % to about 60 mole % SnO, and from about 30 mole % to about 70 mole % P2 O5 although composition can vary depending on composition and quantity of flyash encapsulated in the composite. The glasses set forth in the tables have been arranged with increasing modifier (Fe/Al) content. Leach test blanks, i.e., containing no glass samples were included with each series of tests. The blanks showed no detectable metals present after a 7-day period. The above results indicate that PCT leachability of glass matrix components can be improved by up to a factor of 10 through proper selection of cation modifiers.
SEM microscopy was conducted on post-leach test glass powders of samples BNL 13, BNL 14 to look for evidence of corrosion. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the leached samples were indistinguishable from the untested samples. The corrosion rate was reduced with increasing additions of Fe, as depicted in FIG. 7. The PCT leach results conducted at 90° C. were virtually identical to tests conducted at room temperature. A direct comparison can be made between the leach test results for sample BNL- 13 which were taken at 90° C. and those conducted on BNL-5 at room temperature. As previously noted, BNL-5 and BNL- 13 have the same composition, namely about 15 mole % Na2 O, about 10 mole % Li2 O, about 12 mole % CaO, about 12 mole % MgO, from about 15 to about 4 mole % F2 O3, from about 1.5 to about 3 mole % Al2 O3, about 44 mole % P2 O5. A metal-by-metal comparison for these tests is shown in FIG. 8. The higher leach temperature yielded slightly higher releases for alkali metals and phosphorous, and slightly lower releases for the other metals present. Although formulations have not been optimized, the lowest leachability of the formulations tested was achieved in glasses containing sodium, as opposed to those containing potassium. Alkali and alkaline earth metals made up a significant fraction of these glasses, indicating their capacity to incorporate and retain significant salt contaminants likely to be found in the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS), a permanent storage of nuclear waste facility found at Hanford, Washington State.
Leach rates for tin-phosphate composites were only slightly higher than those obtained for the best Fe2 O3 --Al2 O3 --P2 O5 formulations. XRD data on these composites indicates that the glassy matrix was retained. Chemical constituents in the dry surrogate waste, namely Ca, Al, and Si, were compatible with the low temperature glass.
PCT data for both iron-aluminum-phosphate and tin-phosphate matrices compared favorably with lead-iron-phosphate glasses and reference borosilicate high-level waste glasses. Sales and Boatner quote leach rates of 0.73-1.25, 0.93-2.30, and 0.99-2.00 g/m2 /d, for Si, B, and Na, respectively, from borosilicate defense and commercial waste glasses in "Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Lead-Iron Phosphate Nuclear Waste Glasses," Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 79, pp 84-116 (1986). Comparable leach results from lead-iron-phosphate waste glasses were <0.006, <0.001, <0.02, and <0.02 g/m2 /d, for P, Fe, Al and Na. These results are for leach tests done in distilled water at pH 7, 90° C. for 30 days.
Thus, while there have been described what are presently believed to be the preferred embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other and further modifications can be made without departing from the true scope of the invention, and it is intended to include all such modifications and changes as come within the scope of the claims as appended herein.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 12, 1971
|Jul 17, 1973
|Corning Glass Works
|Chemically resistant aluminophosphate glasses
|May 26, 1977
|Feb 13, 1979
|Kitovich Vsevolod V
|Optoelectronic memory
|May 5, 1980
|Sep 28, 1982
|Vitrex Corporation
|Molecular glasses for nuclear waste encapsulation
|Dec 8, 1982
|Jun 19, 1984
|The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy
|Chemically durable nitrogen containing phosphate glasses useful for sealing to metals
|Nov 1, 1984
|Oct 6, 1987
|Veb Jenaer Glaswerk
|Phosphate glass ceramic for biological and medical applications
|May 23, 1986
|Jul 11, 1989
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy
|Lead iron phosphate glass as a containment medium for disposal of high-level nuclear waste
|Mar 18, 1987
|Jul 11, 1989
|Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc.
|Novel lead-iron phosphate glass
|Sep 11, 1989
|Aug 27, 1991
|Corning Incorporated
|Glass/glass-ceramic-plastic alloy articles
|Jun 29, 1989
|Oct 1, 1991
|Kigre, Inc.
|Ion-exchangeable phosphate glass compositions and strengthened optical quality glass articles
|Jan 16, 1990
|Mar 23, 1993
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Metaphosphate glass composition
|Apr 24, 1992
|Oct 26, 1993
|Corning Incorporated
|Low melting, durable phosphate glasses
|Jun 21, 1993
|Jan 25, 1994
|Corning Incorporated
|Non-lead sealing glasses
|Feb 1, 1993
|Aug 2, 1994
|Schott Glass Technologies, Inc.
|Phosphate glass useful in lasers
|Feb 3, 1993
|Nov 8, 1994
|Narumi China Corporation
|Lead-free frit glaze
|Aug 9, 1993
|Nov 22, 1994
|Corning Incorporated
|Stabilizer for glass/polymer alloys
|Apr 19, 1994
|Oct 24, 1995
|Forsberg; Charles W.
|Radioactive waste material disposal
|Dec 30, 1994
|Jun 25, 1996
|Corning Incorporated
|Cuprous metaphosphate glasses
|Feb 23, 1996
|May 12, 1998
|The Curators Of The University Of Missouri
|Iron phosphate compositions for containment of hazardous metal waste
|Dixon, et al. "The Canadian Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Program 1983 Annual Report", Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Apr. 1984 -- published date LMT.
|Dixon, et al. The Canadian Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Program 1983 Annual Report , Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Apr. 1984 published date LMT.
|Drager, et al. "Development of the Phosphate Glass Process for Ultimate Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Wastes", BNL 50130 (T-505) (Jan. 1968).
|Drager, et al. Development of the Phosphate Glass Process for Ultimate Disposal of High Level Radioactive Wastes , BNL 50130 (T 505) (Jan. 1968).
|Hayward, "Review of Progress in the Development of Sphene-Based Glass-Ceramics", Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings 50, pp. 355-362. (1985) no month|.
|Hayward, et al. Development of Sphene Based Glass Ceramics Tailored for Canadian Waste Disposal Conditions, published in Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management , pp. 91 98. (1982 no month .
|Hayward, et al. Development of Sphene-Based Glass Ceramics Tailored for Canadian Waste Disposal Conditions, published in "Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management", pp. 91-98. (1982 no month|.
|Hayward, Review of Progress in the Development of Sphene Based Glass Ceramics , Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings 50, pp. 355 362. (1985) no month .
|Jantzen, et al. "Standard Test Methods For Determining chemical Durability of Nuclear Waste Glasses: The Product Consistency Test (PCT)" Revised Submission to ASTM C26.13, pp. 1-47. (Apr. 1993).
|Jantzen, et al. Standard Test Methods For Determining chemical Durability of Nuclear Waste Glasses: The Product Consistency Test (PCT) Revised Submission to ASTM C26.13, pp. 1 47. (Apr. 1993).
|Sales et al. "Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Lead-Iron Phosphate Nuclear Waste Glasses", Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 79, pp. 83-116. (1986) no month|.
|Sales et al. Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Lead Iron Phosphate Nuclear Waste Glasses , Journal of Non Crystalline Solids, 79, pp. 83 116. (1986) no month .
|Wieners, et al. "Preliminary Assessment of Candidate Immobilization Technologies for Retrieved Single-Shell Tank Wastes", PNL-7918. (Jan. 1992).
|Wieners, et al. Preliminary Assessment of Candidate Immobilization Technologies for Retrieved Single Shell Tank Wastes , PNL 7918. (Jan. 1992).
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 28, 2000
|Jul 10, 2001
|Westinghouse Savannah River Company
|Methods of vitrifying waste with low melting high lithia glass compositions
|Dec 8, 1998
|Jul 31, 2001
|The Standard Oil Company
|Method for the manufacture of acrylic acid
|Mar 30, 2007
|Jan 26, 2010
|Mo-Sci Corporation
|Alkaline resistant phosphate glasses and method of preparation and use thereof
|Feb 26, 2004
|Jun 29, 2010
|Ch2M Hill, Inc.
|Method of waste stabilization with dewatered chemically bonded phosphate ceramics
|Feb 26, 2004
|Jun 3, 2014
|Ch2M Hill, Inc.
|Aluminum phosphate ceramics for waste storage
|Nov 16, 2012
|Jul 8, 2014
|Sandia Corporation
|Method of making nanostructured glass-ceramic waste forms
|Nov 11, 2011
|Sep 2, 2014
|ECIR—Eco Iniziativa e Realizzazioni—S.r.l.
|Method for the conditioning of waste coming from decommissioning of nuclear plants
|Feb 26, 2004
|Oct 19, 2006
|Ch2M Hill,Inc
|Method of waste stabilization with dewatered chemically bonded phosphate ceramics
|Mar 30, 2007
|Oct 18, 2007
|Brow Richard K
|Alkaline resistant phosphate glasses and method of preparation and use thereof
|Aug 8, 2006
|Jul 1, 2010
|Isuzu Glass Co., Ltd.
|Method for Manufacturing Gradient-Index Optical Element Having Infrared Absorbing Ability
|Feb 26, 2004
|Sep 10, 2004
|Ch2M Hill, Inc.
|Aluminum phosphate ceramics for waste storage
|Feb 26, 2004
|May 26, 2005
|Ch2M Hill Inc
|Aluminum phosphate ceramics for waste storage
|Mar 30, 2007
|Oct 25, 2007
|Mo-Sci Corporation
|Alkaline resistant phosphate glasses and method of preparation and use thereof
|Nov 11, 2011
|May 18, 2012
|Ecir - Eco Iniziativa E Realizzazioni - S.R.L.
|Method for the conditioning of waste coming from decommissioning of nuclear plants
|May 9, 2013
|Nov 14, 2013
|Ecir - Eco Iniziativa E Realizzazioni - S.R.L.
|Method for the conditioning of waste arising from the decommissioning of nuclear plants
|U.S. Classification
|501/48, 588/11, 501/45
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 10, 1997
Owner name: ASSOCIATED UNIVERSITIES, INC., DISTRICT OF COLUMBI
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CAO, HUI;ADAMS, JAY W.;KALB, PAUL D.;REEL/FRAME:008399/0781;SIGNING DATES FROM 19961208 TO 19961213
|Apr 8, 1998
Owner name: BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOICATES, NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES;REEL/FRAME:009096/0170
Effective date: 19980317
|May 22, 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 11, 2002
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jun 14, 2006
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Nov 24, 2006
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jan 23, 2007
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20061124


text:
Join us for the 2017 CFP Board Registered Program Conference February 9–10, 2017, immediately following the Academic Research Colloquium for Financial Planning and Related Disciplines organized by the CFP Board Center for Financial Planning.
The theme, Bringing Practice to Theory, will be a platform for furthering our discipline relative to specific subject matter areas, engaging students both within the classroom and in online learning platforms, as well as facilitating certificate and degree-seeking students' journeys toward CFP® certification.
Subject matter experts and researchers are encouraged to submit proposals that focus on furthering the discipline and enriching current practice.
Preference will be given to proposals that:
Download the Call for Proposals for complete submission requirements.
Please note that all presenters will be required to register for the Conference.
For information about Conference registration and hotel accommodations, click the button below. The discounted early bird registration rate is available until November 1, 2016.
Register to Attend
CFP Board's Registered Program Conference is a prime opportunity to showcase your products and services. Sponsoring conference activities and exhibiting at this event are great ways to get in front of potential prospects. Those interested in sponsorship or exhibitor opportunities for the 2017 conference may contact Kristen Russi at email@example.com or 202-379-2257.
Please note that there will be no 2016 CFP Board Registered Program Conference. The next conference will be held in February 2017 in conjunction with the inaugural Academic Research Colloquium.
Review Past CFP Board Registered Program Conferences
The Center is creating an academic home for the financial planning profession.
Learn More
More News
© 2012 Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
1425 K Street NW #800, Washington, DC 20005
phone: 800-487-1497 (Toll-Free) / 202-379-2200 | fax: 202-379-2299 | firstname.lastname@example.com
We welcome your feedback and invite you to complete a brief 5-question survey to help us improve your experience on CFP.net.
It's easy to participate and will take less than 2 minutes:
Click the "Yes" button below to continue your visit on CFP.net as intended. When finished, simply retrieve and complete the questionnaire that will appear in a new browser window.
Quick Links
Find a CFP® Professional
Verify Certification
Get Certified
Create an Account | Log In
Apply for the CFP® Exam
Center for Financial Planning
Career Center
Find CE Programs
Brochures & Publications


text:
A playful take on tailoring, the cold-shoulder detail on this playsuit showcases one of the biggest trends of the season. It features a deep plunge neckline, classic lapels and is made from premium woven non-stretch fabric. Press stud and invisible zip fastenings keep the look minimal and streamlined. Perfect for evening, this versatile one-piece can be dressed down by wearing over a top and with flat shoes. A classic Breton tee will add a nautical feel. Made from 95% Polyester and 5% Elastane. Hand wash only.
Lavish Alice offers a wide range of delivery options to suit everyone, whatever destination you're purchasing from. You'll receive free delivery on all orders if you're placing them in the United Kingdom. This service usually takes 1 - 5 working days, however we usually find that deliveries are next day. We also have a guaranteed next day delivery option for £5.99. Please make sure you place your order before 3:00pm to guarantee dispatch Monday - Thursday. Our EU and International shipping fees range from £5.99 to £11.99 depending on your location. These services are fully tracked and usually take between 1 - 10 days. Click here for more information on delivery.
We accept all major Credit and Debit cards, including American Express. If your card is authorised, payment will be taken immediately and you will receive an email confirmation to let you know your order has been successful. We also accept payment via PayPal and Amazon pay. If you need any further information, please email us at email@example.com.


text:
Min comment interval:
Remaining character count: 8192
Remaining character count: 8192
Spoiler Image
Shortcuts: "C" opens comments. "R" refreshes comments.
Record voice message?
Back to the content 'best book ever' Leave a comment Refresh Comments (219)
Anonymous comments allowed.
2 new threads. 1 new replies.
#23 - tomhefailin
Reply +7(06/30/2012) [-]
bitch ass rabbit stole dhe hat
bitch ass rabbit stole dhe hat
#20 - LaBarata (06/30/2012) [-]
....Okay, not a word of a lie. I found that book in the library I work in today and showed it to a coworker.
#22 to #21 - WazzapDude (06/30/2012) [-]
what is it?
#19 - anon (06/30/2012) [-]I work in a bookstore and do my best to sell that to every parent looking for a kid's book.
Gif mostly unrelated.
Gif mostly unrelated.
#17 - diviotthedumb (06/30/2012) [-]
After that, someone asks the bear if he's seen the rabbit and he says something along the lines of "No. Why are you asking me? I haven't eaten any rabbits lately. Don't ask me anymore questions."
I love the book.
I love the book.
#15 - vlandis
Reply +4(06/30/2012) [-]
You need to login to view this link m/watch?v=S3UwbpUKCTo
^narrated my Samuel L Jackson
^narrated my Samuel L Jackson
#16 to #15 - vlandis (06/30/2012) [-]
apperently I can post links now....
apperently I can post links now....
#13 - bloodsoakedtie (06/30/2012) [-]
There was one at my local target and I would have bought it if it hadnt been 30$
#12 - ninjatunarockswut?
Reply +2(06/30/2012) [-]
#7 - leusername (06/30/2012) [-]
The bear on the red page is genuinely the scariest thing I have ever seen.
#6 - pottslande (06/29/2012) [-]
Saw that book on a trip to UC Berkeley. I was all "the ****?"
#1 - cindyloveit
Reply +3(06/29/2012) [-]
WHOA Charles Dickins.
Back to the content 'best book ever' Leave a comment


text:
Radial density and density evolution of radio galaxies in the Las Campanas redshift surveyJ. Machalski and W. Godlowski
Astronomical Observatory, Jagellonian University, ul. Orla 171, 30244 Cracow, Poland
(Received 23 November 2000 / Accepted 27 February 2001)
The sample of 1157 radio-identified galaxies from the Las Campanas Redshift Survey (LCRS) (Machalski & Condon 1999) is used to determine the radial density of both star-forming (starburst) and AGN-type galaxies with the mean redshift of 0.07 and 0.18, respectively. It is shown that the radial density distribution of these radio galaxies is essentially different from the respective distribution of optical galaxies in the parent LCRS sample. While the optical galaxies reveal a systematic decrease of their spatial density with redshift (which likely is due to some incompleteness of the optical sample increasing with the apparent isophotal magnitude of galaxies), the radio-emitting galaxies exhibit evident positive evolution of their radial density with redshift. Moreover, most of this density evolution is connected to starburst-type galaxies whose evolution can be parametrized by . No evident density evolution is detected in LCRS AGN galaxies. Correcting the 1.4 GHz luminosity function (RLF) (Machalski & Godlowski 2000) for the above density evolution in starbursts and assuming its lack in AGN, a pure luminosity evolution is found for AGN galaxies after the comparison of the corrected RLF with the local luminosity function based on nearby UGC galaxies (cf. Condon 1989). Oppositely, no significant luminosity evolution in starbursts is found.
Key words: galaxies: active -- galaxies: evolution -- radio continuum: galaxies
Offprint request: J. Machalski, firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
|Scooped by Jeff Domansky
Huh? Sorry, I was checking Buzzfeed. Fun! :-)
Get Started for FREE
Sign up with Facebook Sign up with Twitter
I don't have a Facebook or a Twitter account
|Current selected tag: BuzzFeed. Clear.
Your new post is loading...
Your new post is loading...
"I cared for eight seconds, then I got distracted".
Jeff Domansky's insight:
Huh? Sorry, I was checking Buzzfeed. Fun! :-)
Flurries Unlimited's curator insight, March 28, 6:54 PM
Huh? Sorry, I was checking Buzzfeed. Fun! :-)
BuzzFeed is easy to bash; a fast-rising rocket ship is a visible target. And they do produce some pretty silly content. But when you discuss the future of journalism, BuzzFeed always seems to show up at that intersection between crazy and smart where genius so often lies.
What's actually crazy is seeing most everyone try to copy BuzzFeed's voice and play catchup to its trendy listicle format at one point or another—from old media, including the Times, to new media like Digiday, to opportunistic startups like Playbuzz.
When I say that publishers need to "stop chasing BuzzFeed," what I mean is that they need to stop imitating BuzzFeed's style and pay more attention to the brilliant way it runs its business.
Jeff Domansky's insight:
What makes BuzzFeed so effective? Read on for ideas.
Jonah Peretti is the founder and CEO of BuzzFeed. He writes: "BuzzFeed is a social publisher with 30 million monthly visitors and Facebook is our largest source of traffic." Then he tells you how they do it in this brilliant list of 13 tips.
[Excellent tactics for Facebook ~ Jeff]
Via Mindy McAdams
BuzzFeed has cracked the code on how to attract an audience. This is a media property that regularly generates over 200 billion video views per month and over 50 million unique monthly visitors.
Thanks to BuzzFeed, the listicle has become de rigueur for those charged with owned media and social channels. Of course, it's the BF algorithm — hey, the data says a story about Donald Trump's barber would trigger clicks galore — that does the heavy lifting.
Call it storytelling by the numbers.
Still, we pay attention to BuzzFeed and periodically conduct our own experiments like predicting what would happen if the White House poached BF talent to extend its own publishing empire....
Jeff Domansky's insight:
Hoffman Agency account professionals attended PRSA's Inside the Newsroom BuzzFeed panel to get the inside scoop on media relations.
Anna Mroczkowski's curator insight, October 2, 2015 10:56 PM
Buzzfeed has grown rapidly over the past years, and have became YouTube sensations. Will over 2 billion views per month, Buzzfeed must keep up with demands. They have a large team at the company that each contribute a role. There PR program is very important in order to keep the up to date with current affairs and new products, with out them they'd be lost. As a PR employee of Buzzfeed it is your job to make sure you are also keeping up to date, nothing worse them handing in old research.
...BuzzFeed is to journalism what Geraldo is to Walter Cronkite. It sucks.
It is built on meanest of readers' instincts. These endless stream of crass listicles are an insult to the human intelligence and goodness you personify. Even Business Insider, a champion practitioner of cheap click-bait schemes, looks like The New York Review of Books compared to BuzzFeed. And don't tell me that, by hiring a couple of "seasoned editors and writers" as the PR spin puts it, BuzzFeed will become a noble and notable contributor of information. We never saw a down/mass market product morphing into a premium media. You can delete as many posts as you wish, it won't alter BF's peculiar DNA.
Fact is, quality content does exist in BuzzFeed (an example here), but in the same way as a trash can contains leftovers of good food: you must go deep to find it. It won't change the fact that what people enjoy the most on BuzzFeed is unparalleled ability to package, organize and disseminate mediocrity broken down in this promising nomenclature:...
Jeff Domansky's insight:
What Frederic Filloux really thinks of VC investment in Buzzfeed.
|Follow us
|How it Works


text:
Metropolitan racing ventures to Canterbury on Saturday and Racenet has the fields and formguide online.
Regarded as Sydney's best wet weather venue, the timing for this meeting couldn't be better and 101 runners have accepted for the nine-race program.
The two-year-olds kick-off proceedings at 1pm with the Schweppes Handicap (1200m), in which Peter and Paul Snowden's colt Detective resumes.
The son of Snitzel finished runner-up behind stablemate and current Magic Millions and Golden Slipper favourite Capitalist at his only start in the Listed Breeders Plate (1000m) at Randwick back in October last year.
John O'Shea is set to produce New Approach colt Dissolute in the same race. Godolphin's colt caught the eye beating the Snowden-trained Niccolance in a recent Randwick trial.
Anthony Cummings has accepted with in-form mare Rule The River in the TFE Hotels Benchmark 85 Handicap (1100m).
Cummings' four-year-old is undefeated from four starts this campaign and has also accepted for the Listed Takeover Target Stakes (1200m) at Gosford on Friday.
Paul King is booked to ride at Canterbury on Saturday. Rule The River drew ideally in barrier three.
The rail will be in the true position and the track rated a heavy (9) at acceptance time.
Clearing weather is expected in Sydney on Thursday and Friday with a sunny day forecast for Saturday.
Click here to access Racenet's Saturday formguide for Canterbury.


text:
One of the most surprising things about looking at that old draft was that the first line of the book...
Condition: Standard
DustJacket: Standard
All Product Details
An exhilarating new adventure in the New York Times? bestselling Oregon Files series.
Jack Du Brul is a graduate of the Westminster School and George Washington University. Trying to add as much adventure to his life as he does to his novels, Du Brul has climbed Masada at noon, swam in the Arctic Ocean off Point Barrow, explored war-torn Eritrea, camped in Greenland, and was gnawed on by piranhas in the Amazon River. He collects zeppelin memorabilia and when not writing or traveling (25 countries and counting), he can be found in a favorite chair with a book and a brandy. Jack Du Brul lives in Burlington, Vermont.
Help | Security | Shipping | Guarantee | Newsletters
Contact Us | About Us | Careers | Partners | Sitemap


text:
Popular Diets
Popular Articles
Top Stories
Recent Enteries
Sunday is Easter, the day when Christians celebrate the death and resurrection of Jesus. Millions of Americans will mark the occasion by attending church services, then gathering with friends and family for a big meal, and an Easter egg hunt. The egg hunting part is still a mystery, but that's what we do.
This year, Easter coincides with the weeklong Jewish holiday of Passover (April 14-22) which celebrates the liberation of Israelite slaves from Egypt. For anyone with friends and family of one or both denominations, chances are it will be a busy weekend, and one full of food and festivities.
During the seven days of Passover, certain foods are prohibited, so if you're hosting a brunch or lunch and know an invited guest will be observing the holiday, you'll want to accommodate them. Below, we have a few tips and Passover-friendly recipes that will make you the best hostess ever!
The most notable dietary restriction during Passover (Pesach in Hebrew) is the forbiddance of leavened and fermented grain products. During Passover, most grains, breads, pasta and crackers (known as chametz) are not allowed, so bakers need to get creative. Luckily, unleavened bread, or "matzah," takes its place.
Growing up, my half-Jewish family didn't keep kosher during Passover but we still ate a lot of matzoh [or matzah, matza or matzo]. With Passover upon us, it's time to start talking about creative ways to eat the unleavened, oversize crackers.
While they are fun to munch on alone, perhaps topped with butter and salt, that certainly doesn't lend to the most diet-friendly snack. If you have more matzah than you know what to do with, think outside the box. Luckily, matzah is a versatile food that you can turn into a variety of delicious dishes that won't even leave you craving bread or pasta.
Passover, one of the most well-known of the Jewish holidays, is an eight-day festival celebrated in early spring. On Passover, Jewish families and friends gather together for dinners called Seders that involve, prayer, story-telling and some traditional foods.
During Passover, most Jewish people avoid eating anything leavened and opt for matzoh instead of bread or pastries. This year, if you're planning a Seder or keeping kosher during Passover, get creative with your menu and whip up one of our favorite Passover-friendly recipes.
Russian Salad: The name of this hearty salad honors its ingredients, such as beets, dill, and pickles that are staples in a traditional Russian diet. Delightful with cold fish, poultry, or meat dishes, this is the perfect cold salad to keep in the fridge during Passover for fast lunches.


text: r keithsgirl | Digital Scrapbooking at Scrapbook Flair Home Galleries Groups Challenges Blogs Forums Members Downloads MarketPlace Store Archive Join Login offline Joined: Nov 22, 2007 Last Logon: Jun 22, 2011 keithsgirl's Home Page www.scrapbookflair.com/keithsgirl keithsgirl is from liverpool, TX, USA keithsgirl's Scrapbooks first time I held my granddaughter+ my man and me brand new email it » view all keithsgirl's scrapbooks keithsgirl's Favorite Scrapbooks » view all keithsgirl's favorite scrapbooks keithsgirl's Friends keithsgirl has 35 friends » view all keithsgirl's friends keithsgirl's Fans keithsgirl has 24 fans » view all keithsgirl's fans Renew/Upgrade Membership Gallery Groups Blog Friends Favorites Tags Post and Share this page on Blogs and other Websites by copying and pasting this link: http://www.scrapbookflair.com/keithsgirl keithsgirl's home page has been visited 1233 times. About Us Bookmark Contact Us Designer Members FAQs Fan Mail Help Link to Us Membership News Privacy Search Site Rules Suggestion Box Tell a Friend © 2006-2016, Patent Pending, Aurora Digital Imaging, Ltd. Beta 5.0 The most fun digital scrapbooking site on the Internet. Free digital scrapbooking software, scrapbook templates, scrapbook embellishments and backgrounds. Beautiful scrapbook prints and photobooks.


text:
Hotel Accommodation near Edmonton South
Search 12 hotels near Edmonton South
Get Secret Prices on selected hotels
These prices aren't available to everyone.
Trending now in Edmonton
- Most bookedRadisson Hotel Edmonton South
225 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"This hotel probably needs to be updated soon but still in good shape. It is clean and quiet and comfortable. The breakfast buffet is amazing value, tons of choices and quite delicious and fresh. Staff of the hotel were good, restaurant staff wasn't super helpful but it was a buffet so not much he..."
A Traveller, Sep 2016, CA
174 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Stayed overnight for a wedding. We were able to check in early allowing us to change before the service after travelling to the city. "
A Traveller, Sep 2016, CA
144 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Good food, clean room, very good all around, it would be hard to find any better."
A Traveller, Sep 2016, CA
143 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Resonable rates, excellent food and buffets, exceptional response to requests and personal requests"
A Traveller, Sep 2016, CA
72 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Somewhat noisy for a while - however, seemed to be a family- small children. Not loud drunks. One pillow smelled like an unfamiliar sweaty head - nothing like the sniff test cleaners!"
A Traveller, Sep 2016, CA
63 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"WiFi was not working correctly on my phone. I had to enter password every few minutes. "
A Traveller, Sep 2016, CA
35 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Always fine at the Travelodge Edmonton South. Free parking, swimming pool, smoking rooms, room accessories are all good features and all offered at reasonable prices."
A Traveller, Sep 2016, CA
30 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"We find the Super 8 South Edmonton to be a great place to stay each time we travel to Edmonton. The location is excellent as it is close to the shopping we do as well it is quick access to the Anthony Henday for all our traveling needs."
S, Sep 2016, CA
27 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"This isn't the Mac or the Westin - but if all you need is a comfortable room to spend the night, this Econolodge delivers. It ain't fancy, but it was clean, comfortable, the A/C and wi-fi worked well, all for under $100. Only complaint is the one ice maker was on the fritz."
A Traveller, Jul 2016, CA
9 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"this time it was thr worst time that i ever had there.From the time we check in till we left,the guy at the front desk was rude to start with we stayed there 5 other times and it was never this bad.The bed was nice but it had a spring poking out the side of it it always caught your leg,there was ..."
A Traveller, Aug 2016, CA
See Edmonton South hotels on a map
- West Edmonton Mall
- University of Alberta
- South Edmonton Common
- Rexall Place
- Kingsway Mall
- Royal Alexandra Hospital
- Edmonton Expo Centre
- Shaw Conference Centre
- Commonwealth Stadium
- Edmonton City Centre
- Stollery Children's Hospital
- Northern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium
- University of Alberta Hospital
- Misericordia Community Hospital
- Southgate Center
- Leduc Recreation Centre
- TELUS World of Science-Edmonton
- Millennium Place
- William Hawrelak Park
- Kinsmen Sports Centre
Where to stay near Edmonton South
Whether it's a cheap hotels in Edmonton South, a 5 star Edmonton South hotel or a family friendly Edmonton South hotel, Hotels.com has the best accommodation for your stay.
If visiting Edmonton South is a must, then be sure to check out our detailed location mapping to find the best hotel closest to Edmonton South, Alberta.
Our map based hotel search can be accessed from the above map image on this page (or via standard search results) and with the locations of each hotel shown clearly around Edmonton South you're able to refine your search within Edmonton or Alberta based upon other nearby landmarks and neighbourhoods as well as transport options to help you get around. If you're driving be sure to also check the hotels for onsite parking.
To get the best hotel deals near Edmonton South you can also filter by price/ average nightly rate and if you're concerned with quality, you can also filter by star rating and our own guest review rating.
As well as our Hotels.com guest reviews, we also display reviews from Expedia for Edmonton South hotels and the TripAdvisor Edmonton South hotels review score on each of our Edmonton hotel information pages.
If you're visiting Edmonton South, Edmonton with the family or in a group, be sure to check out the room options and facilities we list for each hotel to ensure we help find the perfect hotel for you.
When you've made your booking for your hotel near Edmonton South, in our confirmation email we'll also send you information on all nearby attractions as well as directions on how to get to your chosen hotel and the weather forecast, helping you to plan your trip.
To get yourself an even better deal on hotels near Edmonton South, Edmonton why not sign up to our Welcome Rewards program? It's free and when you stay 10 nights at any eligible hotel you receive 1 night free*
We have Edmonton South hotel deals, even Edmonton South last minute deals and offers to get you the cheapest Edmonton South hotel with our lowest price guarantee.
Edmonton travel guides
Arts and Culture in Edmonton
An Alberta epicenter of fashion and design festivals, Edmonton is brimming with cultural attractions...
An Edmonton City Guide – a playground for shoppers, foodies, and culture lovers alike
An endearing mix of bustling downtown modernity, trendy old school neighborhoods, and sprawls of tra...
A guide to Alberta – stunning mountain ranges, glorious lakes and an infectious personality
Residing in Canada's west, boarding British Columbia, is beautiful Alberta. Despite being one of onl...


text:
Blog: Price of Coca-Cola fizzes at Sotheby's
Michelle Russell | 10 November 2010
A bottle of Coca-Cola has sold for US$35.4m, making it the most expensive in the world.
Okay, it was a painting, but still...
The seven-foot Andy Warhol painting of a glass Coca-Cola bottle sold at Sotheby's in New York last night (9 November).
The piece of art, property of an American collector, more than surpassed the $20m-$25m estimated price tag.
"Buy a Mountain Dew and enjoy it"
No, this is not PepsiCo's new ad slogan for its Mountain Dew brand....
Did Alibaba's 9.9 Global Wine and Spirits Festival flop?
Major wine players flocked to China ready for online giant Alibaba's 9.9 Global Wine and Spirits Festival, which took place on 9 September....
Is Vietnam about to curb late-night drinking?
In May, Heineken's CEO, Jean-François van Boxmeer, called Vietnam the "poster child" for international beer thanks to strong demographics and growing demand....
Heineken brings commercial know-how to new recruitment drive
Heineken is known for its flashy adverts. Now the brewer has given the star treatment to a new recruitment drive with a glamorous and highly-persuasive ad that, quite frankly, had the staff here at...
Most Popular
- How the can has a part to play in beer's future
- The Future of Cocktails - Consumer Trends
- Will Brexit make a winner out of Travel Retail?
- Coke Life - Coca-Cola's niche soda - Comment
- Global water targets risk hiding local concerns
- Diageo reveals revival plan for former factory
- Diageo Australia's commercial head to step down
- US hits AB InBev with US$6bn fine over India sales
- William Grant sees 2015 sales, profits lift
- Stoli Group CEO Rob Cullins to step down
Market research
- Global gin insights - market forecasts, product innovation and consumer trends
- The Next Seven Big Beverage Markets
- Global non-Scotch whiskies insights - market forecasts, product innovation and consumer trends
- Global rum insights - market forecasts, product innovation and consumer trends
- Global RTD insights - market forecasts, product innovation and consumer trends