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Astro News
- National Astronomy Meeting Press Release
- Astronomers find hottest and most massive touching double star
- Two UCL astrophysicists win Royal Astronomical Society awards
- Hidden in the archives: Finding the first-ever evidence of exoplanetary system
- Dusty doughnut around massive black hole spied for first time
- World-first film of the Universe
- UCL-led Twinkle exoplanet mission completes design milestone
- Cosmic Web
- 50 Things You Should Know About Space
- STFC Science Board
- Astrophysics Head of Group
- Prof Hiranya Peiris - Oskar Klein Centre
- Departmental Teaching Prize
Departmental Teaching Prize
The 2015/16 Departmental Teaching Prize has been awarded to Raman Prinja. The award will be presented at the Gala Dinner on Friday 28th October. More...
Prof Hiranya Peiris - Oskar Klein Centre
Congratulations to Prof Hiranya Peiris
on her recent appointment to Director of the prestigious Oskar Klein Centre for
Cosmoparticle Physics in Stockholm, starting in October 2016.
Astrophysics Head of Group
After five years in the role, Prof Mike Barlow has handed
over the Headship of the Astrophysics Group to Prof Serena Viti as of 01st September 2016.
STFC Science Board
Ofer Lahav (Astrophysics Group, P&A Department) has been appointed to the STFC Science Board, with effect from 1 August 2016, for 3 years. More...
National Astronomy Meeting Press Release
8 July 2013
Super-Freezer Supernove 1987A is a dust factory RAS Press Release Author information
Surprisingly low temperatures detected in the remnant of the supernova 1987A
may explain the mystery of why space is so abundant with dust grains and
molecules. The results will be presented by Dr Mikako Matsuura at the
National Astronomy Meeting 2013 in St Andrews on Friday 5 July.
In 1987, an explosion of a massive star was detected in our neighbouring
galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud, just 170,000 light years away. This
supernova, dubbed 1987A, released approximately thousand million times more
energy than that emitted by the Sun in one year. Twenty five years later,
an international team of astronomers has used the Herschel Space Observatory
and Atacama Millimeter and Submillimeter Array (ALMA) to study the supernova
remnant. They found a vast reservoir of unexpectedly cold molecules and
"The powerful explosion we saw in 1987 scattered elements made by star into
space in the form of a very hot plasma. The gas has now cooled down to
temperatures between -250 to -170 degrees Celsius. That's surprisingly
cold, comparable to the icy surface of Pluto at the edge of our Solar
System. The gas has formed molecules and some has even condensed into solid
grains of dust. The supernova has now become a super freezer!" said Dr
The Herschel observations show that the supernova produced dust and solid
material equal to about 250 000 times the mass of the Earth, or three
quarters of the mass of the Sun. To date, scientists have believed that
supernova remnants contain only very energetic atomic gas, detectable at
optical X-ray wavelengths; the new observations show that this is not the
case. The discovery of such a large mass of dust should help us to
understand how supernovae slowly spread and fill galaxies with gas, dust and
small rocky particles, some of which may eventually end up in the next
generation of stars and planets.
"We were surprised by the amount of dust and molecular gas in the reservoir
created by the supernova 1987A. The ALMA and Herschel observations show that
the reservoir contains carbon monoxide molecules equalling one tenth of the
mass of the Sun. Herschel shows that the dust mass was even larger - about
half the solar mass!" said Dr Matsuura.
"We don't get many opportunities to study supernova. These events are very
rare and the majority was found in very distant galaxies. Even with
relatively close ones, like 1987A, it's difficult – although they are very
bright at the time of the explosion, the light from the supernovae fades
very quickly making it very difficult to observe them a few years after the
explosion," said Dr Matsuura. "Carl Sagan once said that: 'We are all made
of star-stuff'. These results will help us understand how that material
reached us!"
The international team includes: Mikako Matsuura and M.J. Barlow of
University College London, Maarten Baes of Universiteit Gent, Eli Dwek of
NASA Goddard, Margaret Meixner of the Space Telescope Science Institute, J.
Kamenetzky and R. McCray of the University of Colorado at Boulder and
R. Indebetouw of the University of Virginia.
ALMA, an international astronomy facility, is a partnership of Europe, North
America and East Asia in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. ALMA
construction and operations are led on behalf of Europe by ESO, on behalf of
North America by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), and on
behalf of East Asia by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
(NAOJ). The Joint ALMA Observatory (JAO) provides the unified leadership and
management of the construction, commissioning and operation of ALMA.
Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by
European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important
participation from NASA.
Page last modified on 08 jul 13 11:53


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Medical pot shop ads to hit Mass.
Credit: Unknown
Massachusetts viewers soon will get a hit of what's expected to be the Northeast's first marijuana-related commercial on major networks.
New York-based Medical Cannabis Network has booked April airtime to advertise marijuanadoctors.com, which pairs patients with doctors who'll evaluate whether medical marijuana should be used as treatment for their serious illness or chronic pain, said founder Jason Draizin.
"We consider this alternative medicine and do not condone the recreational use or marijuana," he said.
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Nice View
June 28th, 2013
Sometimes a view stops you dead in your tracks. It's almost worth taking a picture to record the moment, but wait, i think we're gonna need to use a wide-angle lens if we wanna get all of the subject matter in frame.
5 Comments / Add Comment
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natural good looking girl i'd love to play with her soft looking tits
very sexy young lady nice breasts would love to have some fun with her i bet she is well fucking hot in bed i'm getting a semi thinking about her xxx
Macho Video Funny Sh#t Voomed One Humor BoredTown Abum Celeb Buzzer Leenks Shiny New Want Killer Kool Games Click Humor BrainFlasher Fricken Funny Flash Cure My Boredom Celebrity Buzzer Heavenly Babes Humor and Fun Thrill Blender Fun Draft Hyper Cool Stuff Crankers BrainFlasher Humor4You PunchBaby


text:
Top Definition
One thinks they may get diarrhea after eating at restaurants such as Taco Bell, or McDonalds. Chance of diarrhea is 50%.
Oh man, I shouldn't have eaten McDonalds. I always get toilette roulette from there.
מאת Dave_Coulier 7 במאי, 2010
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?


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Hi folks! Here is volume 1 of City Resonance: Berlin. I've collected a fair share of fieldrecordings over the years. ...
I recorded the sound at my door when it was windy and the wind houls in the door.
20 seconds or so of me peeing into the toilet. Ummm, ok. ;)
DJ scratch Public Domain - enjoy! More Samples here http://www.ezrecordings.com/audio_samples.php?cat=breakbeats_and_drum_loops
Seagull cawing on the west coast of Canada.
Snoring sound. This sound sample is under Attribution license. By using this sound you are obliged by law to credit ...
Arrival beep of an elevator.
Recorded on Marantz PMD661 with Rode NTG-2. Sound of a small cat (with a bell on) pathetically meowing 5 times.
Crumbling paper sound
Using a soldering iron, a wet sponge, a Schoeps MK41, and a binaural dummy head I got some interesting sounds ...
sizzle of meat in pan, whisk. rec with zoom h6 xy
various sounds made using a short hose and a plastic box full of h2o.
vacuuming with sucking air whistles rec by Neumann TLM 103
Vacuum cleaner (still)


text:
Free personalized radio that
plays the music you love
The Battle (feat. Frost P. Zuz Rock & Shystie)
Features of This Trackelectronica influences
basic rap roots
danceable beats
busy beats
rhythmically complex rapping
blazin' rappin'
mumbling vocals
female rap lead
street talkin' lyrics
ambiguous lyrics
the use of chordal patterning
backbeat handclaps
a tight kick sound
a synth bass riff
a slow moving bass line
synth riffs
a dry recording sound
lyrics by a respected rap artist
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
Similar Tracks
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text:
Made in the USA (Massachusetts), Our Cushions are custom made for GoldenteakTM
products. They are not returnable. Cushions are made from weather resistant fabric to make them all but impervious to the elements.
Fabric is water, fade and mildew resistant. Synthetic fiber fill makes them
quick drying. Fabric can be Sunbrella � , Outdura�
or other outdoor fabrics. Available colors are shown once you click
on the link for the cushion.
Every section of the cushion has zippers so that the foam can be removed and cover washed in a washer.
Got a chance to open the boxes today. The stuff is terrific quality and we are very satisfied. Have more than half sealed with Australian Timber Oil as you recommended.
we have been very pleased with the teak bench. quality and appearance are
excellent and assembly was quick and easy. service has been impeccable as well.
if we have need for anything in teak again, we'll definately come back. below
are photos of the shower bench.
all the best,
mike, St Thomas, US Virgin Islands. Teak Shower Bench 36in 039ST-92


text:
Definition of Hamiltonian
Definitionsnoun1. a mathematical function of the coordinates and momenta of a system of particles used to express their equations of motion2. a mathematical operator that generates such a function. Symbol: Hadjective3. denoting or relating to Sir William Rowan Hamilton, or to the theory of mechanics or mathematical operator devised by him
Collins English Dictionary. Copyright © Harper Collins Publishers
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text:
Up-close & Personal with the CEO of Yogamint
In the summer of 1972 Hari Bhajan Khalsa discovered Kundalini Yoga spending ten days on retreat with Yogi Bhajan. It changed her life turning a hippie into a yogini, and has provided insight, peace and purpose throughout the past four decades. Join us as we chat with the CEO of Yogamint and delve into what Kundalini yoga is and why it is so transformational. We'll also get the inside scoop on Yogamint for all the Mint Lovers out there who look forward to sweet treats in their in-box to freshen their day and enrich their life.
Hari Bhajan Khalsa is a fellow Elephant Yoga contributor. See her articles here.
Connect with Hari through Facebook, YouTube or Twitter @yogamint. Be sure to sign up to receive your free Yogamint e-mails today.
Watch for upcoming interviews in June which focus on mindfulness for youth with guests Dr Daniel Siegel and Gina Biegel, both of whom will be speaking at the International Conference on Mindfulness with Youth this summer in Banff, Alberta.
hot on elephant
The story behind the Elephant-headed God. 344 shares Visual Yoga Blog: Refresh your Eyes the Yoga Way. 160 shares Boomers vs. Millennials: Will We stay the Course or Change It? 364 shares Instead of Sabotaging another Relationship, here's how to Run into your Fear. 956 shares Join: Elephant's Winter 2017 Academy. 2 shares The Benching Mind-F*ck: Worse than Ghosting. 1,391 share The Fourth Kind of Love. 0 shares 5 Ways to Kiss & Make Up for your Mercury Retrograde Mishaps. 499 shares "I'd look her right in that fat, ugly face of hers." 1,249 share 15 Cool Things Yoga has Taught Me. (Hint: None of them are Handstand.) 2,493 shares


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Hard surface floors such as wood, tile, and laminate can show water spots, foot prints, and other smudges. Using the right cleaner will remove footprints, and the like on your flooring. This is a guide about cleaning footprints on laminate floor.
I have been regretful of our floor choice from day one of my laminate floor install. We choose them due to high traffic and pool access. I've searched for years for the right solution for the footprints and smudges that show up immediately after cleaning the floor. So, finally here it is!
Cheap and simple odorless mineral spirits (in the paint section of the big box stores next to thinners) and water. I make a 50/50 mixture and use a mopping pad, working backwards in medium sections. After each section, I take an old bath towel (or cheap one) and dry the section just cleaned. Wait until dry to walk on the floor. I've only done this once so far but NO footprints.
Previously, any solution: Swifter, Bona, Vinegar, etc., would show footprints immediately. Fingers crossed and I am calm after cleaning!
I have laminate flooring and have been cleaning it with a Swiffer Wet Jet. Now every foot print shows up on the floor. How do I get the floor back to the way it was? It looks horrible right now.
Steve from Nesconset, NY
Johnsons no buff and wax is what you need. Do not, I repeat do not use a sponge mop. Use a soft cloth or an actual mop for applying cleaner. This stuff is great.
I use pledge multi surface floor cleaner on my laminate floors. I use a green rectangular (Maybe 5x8" wide) mop that I found at the dollar store for $8.00. It is plastic, has a very thin, strip of white foam loosely attached to the bottom. It came with a white terry cloth elasticized pad that you use on the bottom. Extra pads are $2.00 each.
The trick to prevent streaking is to wet the terry cloth pad, wring it out good, squirt a small amount of the cleaner over a 3'x3' area, then mop it up. I put mine in a spray bottle and spray it. Just a very light spray.You will have to rinse the cloth pad out several times while mopping. Just throw it in the washing machine on wash day.
The floor should dry in four or five minutes. If not, you are using too much cleaner. Also, no matter what kind of vacuum cleaner you have it will not pick up all the dirt and dust. I found a mop kit at the dollar store for $5.00 (with dry pads) that I run over my floor with after vacuuming. You will be shocked at how much dirt/dust you pick. When the dusting pad gets dirty in one place, I re-attach it in another place. After that side is dirty, I turn it over and use it some more. Save those nickels and dimes!
These are also great for dusting, picking up dog hair, etc. The dogs leave tracks because their feet are damp from going outdoors or from stepping into water at their watering bowl. Haven't figured out a way to prevent that.
Try Pledge Wood Floor Cleaner. I use an OrangeGlo mopping pad that is dampened and it works great. The OrangeGlo Hardwood Floor Cleaner is NOT okay for Laminate, but the Pledge Wood Floor Cleaner is and it helped me with the streaking, having to dry it, etc. I just mop in on (just enough water to dampen pad) and it dries almost immediately.
With two little boys who are barefoot and tend to get milk etc. on my floors, there's always smudges and footprints on my laminate floors. The best thing is 1/2 White Vinegar and 1/2 Water in a spray bottle. I put an old bath towel on the end of a swiffer and spray and wipe with the towel. It works great and is really easy! My floors look beautiful when I'm done. I just wish there was a way to avoid smudges and footprints on my laminate floors.
I agree with the swiffer we jet, it leaves a film on the floor. I just got new laminate floor in my laundry room and Home Depot told me to use the Bruce's laminate floor cleaner. I also do the same thing as posted above and that is after running the sweeper, use one of the swiffer dry clothes and you will be amazed at the stuff still on your floor.


text:
2.0 hrs • 2/1/2016 • Unabridged
One of the biggest challenges we face as entrepreneurs and innovators is understanding how to make our ideas resonate. We tend to have no shortage of ideas, but we struggle to tell the story of how they are going to be useful in the world and why they will matter to people. Marketing is the way we communicate how our ideas translate to value for people in a marketplace. Marketing has become a necessary evil for every business, but what if we adopted a different view of it? What if marketing was less about promotion or coercion and more about reaching out to people and helping them to solve problems? What if marketing was how we found more ways to do better work and to matter to our customers? What if marketing was where we began our journey towards understanding what people need and want? What if it was our vantage point for seeing the world through the eyes of our customers? How different would marketing be then?Available Formats: Download
Marketing: A Love StoryRead by Bernadette Jiwa2.0 hrs • 2/1/16 • UnabridgedDownload
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6.8 hrs • 11/23/2015 • Unabridged
Corporations can no longer just worship the bottom line. Consumers and customers want to be associated with brands that align with their values. For business success today, your company needs to tell a compelling story that creates engagement, word-of-mouth, and brand loyalty. The Hook gives you a proven methodology to create a compelling narrative, then shows you how to share your story with the world and get consumers and customers to listen to and remember your message. More specifically, The Hook will teach you how story-selling can be used as an incredibly powerful instrument to create an emotional connection between your organization and its target market, or between a product and consumers;generate interest, enthusiasm, and support for a person, company, or product;demonstrate the benefits and potential of any product, service, company, or individual;create a culture of inclusion for any company or product;enhance staff commitment to mission and objectives; andimprove the power, tone, and texture of speeches, proposals, presentations, and printed materials.Available Formats: Download
The HookRead by Joyce Bean, Patrick Lawlor, and Mel Foster6.8 hrs • 11/23/15 • UnabridgedDownload
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5.9 hrs • 6/23/2015 • Unabridged
The closer the new media future gets, the further victory appears. This is a book about what happens when the smartest people in the room decide something is inevitable, and yet it doesn't come to pass. What happens when omens have been misread, tea leaves misinterpreted, and gurus embarrassed? Twenty years after the Netscape IPO, ten years after the birth of YouTube, and five years after the first iPad, the Internet has still not destroyed the giants of old media. CBS, News Corp, Disney, Comcast, Time Warner, and their peers are still alive, kicking, and making big bucks. The New York Times still earns far more from print ads than from digital ads. Super Bowl commercials are more valuable than ever. Banner ad space on Yahoo can be bought for a relative pittance. Sure, the darlings of new media—Buzzfeed, HuffPo, Politico, and many more—keep attracting ever more traffic, in some cases truly phenomenal traffic. But as Michael Wolff shows in this fascinating and sure-to-be-controversial book, their buzz and venture financing rounds are based on assumptions that were wrong from the start—and they become more wrong with each passing year. The consequences of this folly are far reaching for anyone who cares about good journalism, enjoys bingeing on Netflix, works with advertising, or plans to have a role in the future of the Internet. Wolff set out to write an honest guide to the changing media landscape, based on a clear-eyed evaluation of who really makes money and how. His conclusion: The Web, social media, and various mobile platforms are not the new television. Television is the new television. We all know that Google and Facebook are thriving by selling online ads—but they're aggregators, not content creators. As major brands conclude that banner ads next to text basically don't work, the value of digital traffic to content-driven sites has plummeted, while the value of a television audience continues to rise. Even if millions now watch television on their phones via their Netflix, Hulu, and HBO GO apps, that doesn't change the balance of power. Television by any other name is the game everybody is trying to win—including outlets like the Wall Street Journal that never used to play the game at all. Drawing on his unparalleled sources in corner offices from Rockefeller Center to Beverly Hills, Wolff tells us what's really going on, which emperors have no clothes, and which supposed geniuses are due for a major fall. Whether he riles you or makes you cheer, his book will change how you think about media, technology, and the way we live now.Available Formats: Download
Television Is the New TelevisionRead by Jonathan Yen5.9 hrs • 6/23/15 • UnabridgedDownload
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2.2 hrs • 5/1/2015 • Unabridged
After President Barack Obama's announcement in December 2014, investors, business leaders, and entrepreneurs began asking questions: What will this historic change mean for economic relations between the United States and Cuba? What opportunities—and risks—should US companies consider as they explore the business potential of one of the largest markets in the Caribbean? The Road to Cuba: The Opportunities and Risks for US Business answers those questions and more. In this original in-depth audiobook, Knowledge@Wharton, the Wharton School's online journal of business analysis, addressesquick-win opportunities: travel and tourism, telecoms, financial services, and food industries;longer-term prospects: construction and real estate, energy production and mining, manufacturing and retail, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology, and agriculture; andthe political and economic risks and hurdles: an analysis of what could speed up—or derail—progress in relations. The Road to Cuba is a comprehensive guide for business leaders in the United States who want to understand the opportunities the Cuban market holds. It is also a must-listen for business leaders in Cuba and around the world who want to understand the investment and competition that is on its way.Available Formats: Download
The Road to CubaForeword by Mauro F. Guillén, Faquiry Diaz Cala, and Gustavo ArnavatRead by Tim Andrés Pabon2.2 hrs • 5/1/15 • UnabridgedDownload
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6.8 hrs • 6/1/2014 • Unabridged
As today's business world becomes ever-more global and virtual, executives and managers are expected to work harmoniously together with counterparts from a broad array of dramatically different cultures and backgrounds, often without leaving their desks. But when you throw people together who come from starkly different backgrounds and cultures—from Americans who precede anything negative with three nice comments to French, Dutch, Israelis, and Germans who get straight to the point (your presentation was simply awful); from Latin Americans and Asians who are steeped in hierarchy to the Scandinavians who think the best boss is just one of the crowd—the result can sometimes be disastrous. Even with English as a global language, it's easy to fall into cultural traps that endanger careers and sink deals. In Culture Map, renowned expert Erin Meyer offers highly practical and timely perspective on one of today's most pressing business issues: how do different cultures influence the way to do business when working globally? And she explains how to drastically increase business success by improving one's ability to understand the cultural drivers of colleagues, clients, and suppliers from different countries. With the rapid increase in global call centers, outsourcing, supply chains, and project teams, cultural diversity touches almost everyone. Globalization has led to the rapid connection of internationally based employees from all levels of multinational companies. The advent of information and communication technology means that work itself has globalized. Where once you might have been expected to collaborate with colleagues from one or two foreign territories, today many people are part of global networks connected with people scattered around the world. Yet most managers have little understanding of how local culture impacts global interaction. Even those who are culturally informed, travel extensively, and have lived abroad often have few strategies for dealing with the cross-cultural complexity that affects their team's day-to-day effectiveness. Culture Map provides a new way forward, with vital insights for working effectively and sensitively with one's counterparts in the new global marketplace.Available Formats: Download
The Culture MapRead by Karen Saltus6.8 hrs • 6/1/14 • UnabridgedDownload
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8.1 hrs • 4/22/2014 • Unabridged
This marketing classic has been expanded to include new commentary and a bonus book: The 11 Immutable Laws of Internet Branding. Smart and accessible, The 22 Immutable Laws of Branding is the definitive text on branding, pairing anecdotes about some of the best brands in the world, like Rolex, Volvo, and Heineken, with the signature savvy of marketing gurus Al and Laura Ries. Combining The 22 Immutable Laws of Branding and The 11 Immutable Laws of Internet Branding, this book proclaims that the only way to stand out in today's marketplace is to build your product or service into a brand—and provides the step-by-step instructions you need to do so. The 22 Immutable Laws of Branding also tackles one of the most challenging marketing problems today: branding on the Web. The Rieses divulge the controversial and counterintuitive strategies and secrets that both small and large companies have used to establish internet brands. The 22 Immutable Laws of Branding is the essential primer on building a category-dominating, world-class brand.Available Formats: Download, CD
The 22 Immutable Laws of BrandingRead by David Drummond8.1 hrs • 4/22/14 • UnabridgedDownload
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3.8 hrs • 12/1/2013 • Unabridged
The branding bible for today's globalized world Today, brands have become even more important than the products they represent: their stories travel with lightning speed through social media and the Internet and across countries and diverse cultures. A brand must be elastic enough to allow for reasonable category and product-line extensions, flexible enough to change with dynamic market conditions, consistent enough so that consumers who travel physically or virtually won't be confused, and focused enough to provide clear differentiation from the competition. Strong brands are more than globally recognizable; they are critical assets that can make a significant contribution to your company's bottom line. In Global Brand Power, Kahn brings brand management into the twenty-first century, addressing how branding contributes to the purchase process and how to position a strong global brand, from identifying the appropriate competitive set, offering a sustainable differential advantage, and targeting the right strategic segment. This essential guide also covers how customer ownership of your brand affects marketing strategy, methods for assessing brand value, how to manage a brand for long-term profitability, effective brand communications and repositioning strategies, and how to manage a brand in a world of total transparency—where one slip-up can go around the world via social media instantaneously. Filled with stories about how Coca-Cola, The Estée Lauder Companies Inc., Marriott, Apple, Starbucks, Campbell Soup Company, Southwest Airlines, and celebrities like Lady Gaga are leveraging their brands, Global Brand Power is the only audiobook you will need to implement an effective brand strategy for your firm. Gildan Media is proud to bring you another Wharton Digital Press audiobook. These notable audiobooks contain the essential tools that can be applied to every facet of your career.Available Formats: Download
Global Brand PowerRead by Rose Itzcovitz3.8 hrs • 12/1/13 • UnabridgedDownload
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11.5 hrs • 1/29/2013 • Unabridged
Meet your new global consumer. You've heard of the burgeoning consumer markets in China and India that are driving the world economy, but do you know enough about these new consumers to convert them into customers? Did you know that there will be nearly one billion middle-class consumers in China and India within the next ten years? More than 135 million Chinese and Indians will graduate from college in this timeframe, compared to just 30 million in the United States? How about that by 2020, 68 percent of Chinese households and 57 percent of Indian households will be in the middle and upper classes? Or that the number of billionaires in China has grown from 1 to 115 in the past decade alone? In The $10 Trillion Prize, bestselling author Michael J. Silverstein and his Boston Consulting Group colleagues in China and India provide the first comprehensive profile of the emerging middle class, primed to transform the global marketplace. Already the world's biggest buyers of cars, mobile phones, appliances, and more, these consumers are eager for more products and services. In fact, it's estimated that by 2020, consumers in China and India will generate about $10 trillion of total annual revenue for companies selling to them. This book explains who these consumers are—what they buy and why, how they think and shop, and how their needs and tastes are changing. It takes you into their lives so you can better understand what they want and what they're looking for. Only by fully comprehending the forces driving this new generation of consumers will your company be able to capitalize on the opportunities their buying power represents. Insightful and backed by rigorous research, this book takes you inside the hearts and minds of today's emerging Chinese and Indian consumers—both urban and rural, and across all income levels—positioning your company to win as the next wave of global affluence reaches the marketplace.Available Formats: Download
The $10 Trillion PrizeRead by Don Hagen11.5 hrs • 1/29/13 • UnabridgedDownload
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3.1 hrs • 7/15/2012 • Abridged
As we move into the twenty-first century the most important question for businesses everywhere is: What are we going to do about the Internet? The two most qualified people in the country to answer that question may be Al Ries and Laura Ries. Not only are they the authors of the BusinessWeek bestseller The 22 Immutable Laws of Branding, they are also consultants to dozens of Fortune 500 companies. This book is the result of their hands-on work with both large and small companies as well as Internet start-ups and established Internet brands. Brash, bold, and mercifully succinct, The 11 Immutable Laws of Internet Branding is the definitive text for businesses eager to jump on the Internet expressway. In the book you'll learn why: – The Internet can be a business or a medium for your brand, but not both. – Interactivity is the single most important ingredient of any Internet site. – The kiss of death for an Internet brand is a common name. – Being second in a category is tantamount to being nowhere. – You have to be fast. You have to be first. You have to be focused. – Everyone is talking about convergence while just the opposite is happening. The 11 Immutable Laws of Internet Branding will also give you tangible information on how to successfully build your company, product, service, or self into a hot and profitable brand on the Internet. Specifically you'll learn how to: – Build a brand that will dominate a category over an extended period of time. – Find a proper name (instead of a common one) for your Website. – Take your brand into the global marketplace. – Avoid the biggest mistake in Internet branding: the belief that you can do everything. – Take advantage of the transformations that will occur in all aspects of life, thanks to the power of the Internet. With characteristic counterculture observations and signature marketing savvy, Ries and Ries bring their expertise to branding on the Internet, the most challenging problem in the world of marketing today. No one who wants to turn a brand into a global phenomenon should ignore their sage advice.Available Formats: Download
The 11 Immutable Laws of Internet BrandingRead by Al Ries and Laura Ries3.1 hrs • 7/15/12 • AbridgedDownload
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It's been ten years since Jim O'Neill conceived the BRIC acronym. He and his team made a startling prediction: Four developing nations—Brazil, Russia, India, and China (the BRIC)—would overtake the six largest Western economies within forty years. The BRIC analysis permanently changed the world of global investing, and its accuracy has stood the test of time. The Growth Map features O'Neill's personal account of the BRIC phenomenon, how it has evolved, and where those four key nations currently stand after a turbulent decade. And the audiobook also offers an equally bold prediction about the "Next Eleven" countries: Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea, Turkey, and Vietnam. These developing nations may not seem exceptional today, but they offer exciting opportunities for investors over the next decade, just as BRIC did before them. A work of astute and absorbing analysis, The Growth Map is an indispensable guide for every investor and every participant in the global economy. Anyone who wants to understand the developing world would do well to heed the man called "one of the most sought-after economic commentators on the planet." (Telegraph (London)Available Formats: Download
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 7, 1979
|Filing date
|Dec 27, 1977
|Priority date
|Dec 27, 1977
|Publication number
|Kai-Lim W. Yung, Bernard Silverman
|Original Assignee
|Monsanto Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (25), Classifications (14), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
This invention in one embodiment relates to a method for contact bonding of lactam-polyol-polyacyl lactam or acyl-polylactam terpolymers as melt blends of said terpolymers with polyamides in filament forms by means of amorphous state contacting to achieve the bonding to an integral web. This is preferably followed by crystallization of the contacted fibers. The invention thus relates to a method for producing non-woven webs having autogenous, crossing point bonding of the individual fibers or filaments at temperatures of up to 210° C. and preferably 20° C. to 210° C.
In yet another aspect, this invention relates to the above contact bonding of lactam terpolymers and/or melt blends of said terpolymers with polyamides in the presence of water, followed by drying and crystallization while the fibers are in contact with one another.
In the above embodiment of this invention there is a retardation of crystallization of nascent, amorphous fibers of the melt blends of said block terpolymers with polyamides, said retardation of crystallization resulting from the presence of the polyol portion of the terpolymer.
However, in the embodiment of this invention with non-nascent, e.g., crystallized fibers, similar non-woven fabrics of excellent drapeability are obtained when such melt blended fibers are contacted under thermal bonding conditions such as 200° C. to 250° C.
In the present description, the term melt blend refers to a combination of polymers such as polyamide together with a lactam terpolymer which are melted together for fiber extrusion or other processing. Thus a mixture of the ground powders or pellets of the respective polymers are melted, for example, in an extruder, and after passage through the extruder screw are passed into fiber or film dies or into molds for the production of shaped articles.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The fibers or filaments comprising a non-woven fabric have in the past been bonded by the use of external binders or by softening the fibers with heat, solvent or plasticizer and subjecting them to substantial pressure while in the softened state. The external binder may be an adhesive substance which is cured after the application thereof or it may be rendered adhesive after application by use of heat, solvent or plasticizer. External binders may be applied as powders, solutions, emulsions or even in the form of fibers; however, these methods suffer from several disadvantages. The use of an outside binder presents problems in uniform applications and limits the properties of the entire web to those of the binder. Thus, for example, if a fiber with a relatively low melting point is used as a bonding material, the temperature conditions to which the web or resulting fabric may be subjected, are limited by the melting point of the binder fibers.
Solvent bonding of the previous methods is not easily controlled and frequently tends to alter the aesthetic properties of the web. For example, achieving adequate adhesiveness in the filaments without dissolving the entire web or at least impairing the physical properties thereof is difficult. Furthermore, the intersections at which the filaments are bonded frequently have a swollen appearance which evidences the solution and redeposition of polymer which is referred to as polymer migration. In most instances, these swollen areas around the bonds do not possess the same dye acceptance level because of changes in the crystalline structure which is localized at the bonds sites thereby causing non-uniform dyeing.
Because of the low cost of non-wovens, continued work is progressing to produce fabrics which have the lower cost of non-woven fabrics, while achieving the properties of woven fabrics. Non-woven fabrics commonly are made by mixing fibers of staple length and depositing the fibers as a continuous sheet or web. The fibers in web form are then bonded together, for example, by the application of various known binders or binding techniques such as thermal or pressure means. The binding means is selected in order to give good bonding to a variety of different fibers so uniform bonding throughout the web will be achieved. To obtain a fabric with reasonable strength, it has been necessary to employ substantial proportions of adhesive binders, substantial pressure or heat and the like; however, the high concentration of binders, excessive pressure or heat produce fabrics which are stiff rather than soft and supple due to the low degree of movement or slip between the individual fibers of the resulting fabrics.
To improve the hand of non-woven fabrics, it has been proposed to apply new bonding techniques which achieve improved hand while maintaining strength properties. It has been suggested to employ adhesive bondings which are rubbery or plastic in nature so that bonding extensibility will be achieved through the deformation of the binder at the point of contact between fibers. This approach has resulted in limited improvement in hand of the fabric; however, it has not been totally successful in matching the characteristics of woven fabrics in non-wovens.
Contact bonding of the nascent nylon 66 fibers fails to occur since nylon 66 crystallizes very rapidly.
Provided herein is a method for the production of non-woven fabrics in which bonding of the synthetic filaments or fibers is achieved without the use of adhesives, and/or excessive pressure. In the following description the term "fibers" includes filaments, staple fibers and yarns thereof. According to one embodiment of the invention, it has been observed that polyamides, such as nylon 66 in a melt blend with a lactam terpolymer, particularly those derived from lactam-polyol-polyacyl lactam or acyl polylactam terpolymers, yield fibers which are in substantially amorphous state after melt spinning, and the nascent fibers are sufficiently tacky to bond autogenously when at a temperature less than the melt temperature of the crystalline portion of the terpolymer. Therefore, these fibers can be bonded to each other upon simple contacting without application of substantial pressure or heat. Permanent contact bonding is achieved when the fibers are allowed to crystallize in contact with one another. When the fibers subsequently become crystalline, the tackiness disappears, but any adhesion or bonding which has occurred before and during crystallization remains.
According to this embodiment of the invention, a method for producing nonwoven fabrics from lactam terpolymers or melt blends of said terpolymer with polyamides is provided whereby the fibers of said terpolymers or melt blends in a nascent, non-crystalline state are contact bonded. These nascent, amorphous fibers are allowed to crystallize while they are in contact with one another thus resulting in a contact bonded web. Normally nylon 66 fibers would not be in a substantially amorphous state because of the ability of the fibers to proceed in crystallization approaching an equilibrium crystalline-amorphous physical state. According to this invention, if the fiber contains at least 0.1 weight % polyol (based on the total fiber weight) derived from the lactam terpolymer, the presence of this polyol retards crystallization. In general, the present invention employs at least 0.1 weight % polyol content in the product. A preferred range is 0.1 to 35 weight %, and a more preferred range is 0.5 to 35 weight %.
In addition, exposure of the amorphous fibers to water plasticizes and causes additional tackiness. Crystallization and loss of tackiness occurs upon drying. Water may be sorbed from a vapor or upon immersion in a bath. The substantially non-crystalline, nascent fibers, are brought into contact with each other at a temperature of 20° C. to 210° C. which is below the melt temperatures of the crystalline polyamides contained in the terpolymers of melt blends, with the contact bonding of the fibers resulting as the fibers are permitted to crystallize, thus forming a permanent contact bond. Crystallization of the fibers can be accelerated by annealing and other means after the fibers have been contacted under nascent amorphous conditions.
Annealing as preferably employed in the nascent embodiment is the process by which a polymeric substance in shaped form, such as synthetic fibers is brought to its equilibrium morphological state. It normally involves heating the polymeric substance either in a stressed or relaxed state to a temperature between the glass transition and melting temperatures, or in general, from 10° C. to 150° C. above the preceding temperature of web bonding. Annealing is desirable because it accelerates the process of crystallization and/or improves the degree of crystallinity. After annealing, the polymeric substance has an improved balance of physical properties.
In the embodiment using non-crystalline fibers, the self-bonding behavior of these non-crystalline fibers of the melt blends of said terpolymers with polyamides, and the resulting bonded nonwoven web is considered to be possible as a result of the retarded crystallization rate of the terpolymer or melt blends thereof. These terpolymers when spun into fiber form and exposed to moisture, pick up the moisture rapidly. Pressure of course can be applied if desired in strengthening permanent bonds; however, such pressure is not necessary. The contact bonding according to the invention is carried out with substantially small pressure force, e.g., from 1 to 100 pounds per linear inch (pli) being applied.
It will be appreciated that the fibers as used in the nascent embodiment of the invention must remain in their substantially amorphous state for a time sufficient to allow adhesion between fibers to occur, before substantial crystallization sets in and the tackiness of the fibers therefore disappears. After bonding the fibers may be heated to anneal them in a completely relaxed condition or under a controlled tension.
In the embodiment of the invention in which the fibers are used in a crystalline state, e.g., a non-nascent condition, the bonding of the fibers is conducted at a temperature of 200° C. to 250° C. to obtain non-woven fabrics. Such fabrics are also characterized by excellent drapeability, good hand and physical properties.
In addition, bonding of the crystalline, e.g., non-nascent fibers, is improved by contacting the fibers with water as described herein. Such treatment is conducted before making fabrics by the bonding technique.
However, in both embodiments of the invention it has been observed that the melt blend of a polyamide and the lactam block terpolymers produce fibers which in a non-woven web, when contacted or firmly bonded with one another are cohesively bonded together. This particular characteristic of the lactam block terpolymers or melt blends with polyamides when exposed to water in any form is envisioned to be due to plasticization of the fibers by the water.
The fabrics of the invention are useful in carpet backing, lining fabrics, drapery fabrics and many other textile and industrial applications.
Other synthetic fibers such as rayon as well as natural fibers, e.g., cotton which are not necessarily tacky under the process conditions may be disposed between the fibers of the web and therefore become incorporated in the nonwoven fabric. Such other fibers become incorporated in the web either by adhesion to the tacky fibers, or by being maintained in position by the bonded fibers. If desired, additional bonding between the dispersed fibers as well as between the bonded and the dispersed fibers can be brought about by known bonding means.
The following examples illustrate specific embodiments of the invention with Examples 1-4 being directed to the contact bonding of nascent e.g. amorphous fibers.
The production of non-woven webs from fibers of lactam-polyol-polyacyl lactam or acyl polylactam terpolymers or melt blends of said terpolymers with nylon 66 is achieved by contact bonding of the melt spun, nascent fibers at temperatures below the melt temperatures of crystalline portions of the fibers. The terpolymers utilized are prepared by an anionic catalyzed polymerization with a polyester initiator and the terpolymers are formed from dicarboxylic acid esters and aliphatic polyols and/or aliphatic polyether polyols. These ester terminated terpolymers are comprised of 30 percent by weight polyol, so that the compositions listed below range from 7.5% to 30 wt. % polyol in the product. Polymer components of the fibers are ground to a size range of from 10 to 20 mesh followed by mixing. Extrusion is achieved through the use of a screw extruder having a 3/4 inch diameter and a length to diameter ratio of 20 to 1 at temperatures of from 250° C. to 285° C. as indicated in Examples 1 through 4 of the following table. Melt spinning is through a 10 hole spinnerette having capillaries of 9 mil diameter and lengths of 12 mil. The melt spun fibers are then passed through attenuators at 40 psig compressed air pressure and are then deposited on the conveying belt. Webs comprised of fibers of about 3 to 5 denier are thus produced. The fibers are bonded by pressing under slight pressure of from about 10 to about 20 pli (pounds per linear inch). In general the pressure for bonding nascent fibers is from 1 to 100 pli.
Examples 1-4 in the following table set out the blend composition by weight percent, extrusion temperatures, and extrusion rates for four webs produced according to the contact bonding methods of the invention. The resulting nonwoven webs indicate a bonding strength estimated to have a strip tenacity of greater than about 1.5 poisy (1.5 pound per inch per ounce per square yard). The webs or fabrics are surprisingly strong and possess good hand and drapeability.
TABLE______________________________________ ExtrusionExample Fiber Composition Extrusion Rate gm/hole/Number % by Weight Temp., °C. minute______________________________________1. 100% Lactam Terpolymer 250 0.20 (30% Polyol)2. 75% Lactam Terpolymer 275 0.27 25% Nylon 66 (22.5% Polyol)3. 50% Lactam Terpolymer 280 0.20 50% Nylon 66 (15% Polyol)4. 25% Lactam Terpolymer 285 0.24 75% Nylon 66 (7.5% Polyol)______________________________________
The following examples are directed to the crystalline (non-nascent) embodiments of the invention.
Examples 5-9 illustrate the specific embodiments of the invention using non-nascent e.g. substantially crystalline melt-blended fibers of polyamide (specifically nylon 66) and a lactam terpolymer. The lactam terpolymer used for these examples contains 30% polyol content. The melt blends of the said two components are obtained by mixing them together in a screw extruder having a 3/4" diameter screw, and a length to diameter ratio of 20:1 at temperatures of from 250° C. to 285° C. Before melt blending, each of the polymer components in pellet form is ground to a size ranging from 10 to 20 mesh, the two polymers are then mixed together in the proportion such that the total mix contains 12% polyol by weight. The melt blend from the extruder is then fed to the spinning pack which is made up of a six hole spinnerette of 9 mil diameter and 12 mil length. The fiber bundles from the spinnerette are then strung through a pair of aspirators which draw the fibers and deposit them randomly on a conveying wire screen. The web weights, as shown in the table, are controlled by the speed of the conveying screen. The web obtained on the screen is stored on paper bobbins for a period of about a month. During this period the melt blended fibers crystallize substantially. Non-woven fabrics are obtained from webs of these melt blended fibers by heat pressing on an embosser at a temperature of from 213° C. to 230° C., under 110 lbs. per linear inch pressure at a speed of 15 ft. per minute. The embosser used has a discontinuous pattern with an area coverage of about 10%.
TABLE__________________________________________________________________________Non-Woven Fabric From Crystalline Combinations of a Polyamide (Nylon 66)With a Lactam Terpolymer (12% Polyol Content) Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9__________________________________________________________________________Embossing Temperature 213° C. 213° C. 220° C. 225° C. 230° C.Fabric Weight (oz/yd2) .82 1.4 .90 1.0 .80Machine Direction: Strip Tenacity (PIOSY) 7.2 7.9 7.6 6.8 6.1 Zero Span Tenacity (PIOSY) 14.6 11.5 11.0 12.0 8.7 Trap Tear (POSY) 6.2 7.7 7.3 4.3 3.9 Elongation (%) 52.5 71.5 50.8 56.6 43 Initial Modulus (PIOSY) 15.4 12.7 10.9 13.4 16.0 Bonding Efficiency (%) 49.7 68.6 69.1 57.0 69.0 Bending Modulus 4.8 8.2 9.0 9.1 10.6__________________________________________________________________________ (PIOSY indicates pounds per inch per ounce per square yard, and POSY indicates pounds per ounce per square yard).
The above parameters are used to characterize the fabrics. Strip tenacity is measured as a tensile test using an Instron Test Instrument with a gage length of 5 inches.
The zero-span test is conducted on the same instrument as a tensile test with a gage length of zero. Bonding efficiency is the ratio of strip tenacity to zero-span tenacity, expressed in percentage. The trap tear value is also measured on the Instron instrument. This parameter characterizes the resistance of the fabric to tear. The higher the value is, the more resistant the fabric is to tearing. The binding modulus is a parameter derived from the hand measurements. It characterizes the drapeability of the fabric. The smaller the bending modulus, the more drapeable is the fabric. The parameter of the initial modulus is obtained from the initial slope of the stress and strain curve. It is a measure of the resistance of the fabric to deformation, when subjected to a tensile load initially.
In both embodiments of the invention other synthetic fibers such as rayon as well as natural fibers, e.g., cotton which are not necessarily tacky under the process conditions may be disposed between the fibers of the web and therefore become incorporated in the nonwoven fabric. Such fibers become incorporated in the web either by adhesion to the tacky fibers, or by being maintained in position by the bonded fibers. If desired, additional bonding between the dispersed fibers as well as between the bonded fibers can be brought about by known bonding means.
The fabrics of the invention are useful in carpet backing, lining fabrics, drapery fabrics and many other textile and industrial applications.
In order to illustrate that the non-woven fabrics of the invention have excellent drape and hand, the physical properties of some woven and knitted fabrics are shown in the following table for comparison. These woven and knitted fabrics as described in the table were obtained commercially. With the parameters such as initial modulus and bending modulus to characterize the properties of drape and hand of the fabric, one can see that the non-woven fabrics of the invention are superior to the two woven fabrics, and are comparable to the two knitted fabrics in drape and hand properties.
TABLE______________________________________ EX. 10 EX. 11 EX. 12 EX. 13______________________________________Material 65-35-PET- Acetate Nylon Interlockand Cotton Satin Tricot knitConstruction Combed (woven) (knit) (knit) broadcloth Shirting (woven)Fabric wt. 3.2 3.2 2.2 3.3(ounces persq. yard)Machinedirectionstrip tena- 20.3 13.5 16.0 12.9city (PIOSY)zero span 26.3 15.2 23.8 17.1tenacity(PIOSY)Trap tear 5.7 3.0 11.0 5.6(POSY)Elongation 42.2 13.9 153.0 114.7 (%)Initial 340.1 349.9 40.0 19.6Modulus(PIOSY)Bending 59.3 660.3 3.2 1.1Modulus______________________________________
Another embodiment of the invention is the use of the melt-blend of a polyamide and the lactam terpolymers with another polymer component to form composite articles such as side by side bicomponent, or sheath core fibers, e.g. with the said melt blend as the sheath, and the other polymer component as the core. These fibers are useful in non-woven fabrics. The said melt blend used for the aforesaid purposes should contain at least 0.1 wt.% polyol, and should comprise at least 5% by weight in the composite article. Polymers such as polyamides e.g. nylon 66, polyesters e.g. polyethylene terephthalate or other polymer melt blends, etc. can be physically combined with the said melt blend of the polyamide and the lactam terpolymer to form the composite articles. If desired, additives such as flame retardant agents, e.g. tri(2,3 dibromopropyl) phosphate can also be employed in either of the physical components of the composite fiber to achieve certain desired properties.
The polyol content in the melt blend of the polyamide-lactam terpolymer retards the crystallization of the melt blend, thus allowing contact bonding of the nascent composite fibers.
For the non-nascent composite fibers of this invention, thermal bonding at temperatures preferably from 200° to 250° C. result in useful non-woven fabrics.
The general method for the production of the composite articles comprises forming a melt stream of a blend of a polyamide and a lactam terpolymer, which blend has at least 0.1 wt. % polyol content, and also forming a melt stream of another polymeric substance, specifically polyethylene terephthalate or nylon 66, and extruding the said two melt streams together in the configuration for example as a sheath core, a side by side composite fiber or other shaped article. The said composite product has at least 5% by weight of the said blend in the total composite article. Preferred embodiments of the invention are sheath core fibers for example with the blend of the polyamide and the lactam terpolymer as the sheath, and with the other polymeric substance, preferably polyethylene terephthalate or nylon 66 as the core of the sheath core fiber. Another preferred embodiment is a side by side composite fiber with the aforesaid components as the two side by side members.
Another embodiment of the invention is the use of the composite article such as sheath core or side by side composite fibers as used in the production of non-woven fabrics. For this purpose the fibers are produced as described above and are then assembled such as by random deposition on a moving belt to form a web. The web is then heat pressed. When utilizing the nascent type of the said composite fibers the contact pressing temperature is from 20° to 210° C. In the embodiment using the non nascent composite fibers, the heat pressing temperature is from 200° C. to 250° C.
As an example of this embodiment of the invention, a composite sheath core fiber is formed utilizing as the sheath, 30% by wt. of the melt blend of nylon 66 (as 60 parts by weight) and a lactam terpolymer (as 40 parts by weight). The core component is polyethylene terephthalate.
These composite fibers are deposited in a random pattern as a web to provide a non-woven fabric of 2.2 oz. per yd. The fabric is bonded on an embosser having 196 bond points per inch comprising about 10% of the surface area. The temperature of the heated roll used in embossing is about 220° C. Such a web has a strength of 3 lbs. per inch per oz. per sq. yd.
In the present invention, an improvement has been made in the novel aspect that the presence of the terpolymer in the melt blend retards crystallization of the polyamide and thus makes possible the contact bonding of the nascent melt blended fibers. In contrast to the present nascent melt blended fibers, polyamide fibers, such as nylon 66, because of the rapid crystallization rate, do not contact bond together.
Another aspect of novelty in the process of the invention is the production of nonwoven fabrics with comparable hand and drape properties to woven or knitted fabrics. Consequently, the invention achieves woven-like properties of nonwoven fabrics at far lower costs than would be required for woven or knitted fabrics. This is a major advantage of this invention over other nonwoven processes.
Polyamides as employed herein comprise the self-polymerization products of monoaminomonocarboxylic acids. These polyamides can be obtained by the methods given in U.S. Pat. No. 2,241,322 and by other methods, for example, by self-polymerization of a monoaminomonocarboxylic acid, or by self-polymerization of a cyclic amide, it being understood that reference herein to the amino acids is intended to include the equivalent amide-forming derivatives of those acids. Also included are linear polyamides derived from suitable diamines by the reaction with suitable dibasic carboxylic acids or their amide-forming derivatives. One of the most widely used polyamides of this classification is the hexamethylene adipamide, commonly identified as Nylon 6,6.
The second component of the present melt blends is a lactam terpolymer or more specifically a terpolymer of lactam-polyol-polyacyl lactam or lactam polyol-acyl-polylactam.
These terpolymers can be additionally characterized by as having ester, amide, and/or hydroxy end group termination, as well as both ester linkages and amide linkages between monomeric segments thereof. The terpolymers may be prepared by an anionic catalyzed polymerization with a polyester initiator and the polymer is formed from dicarboxylic acid esters and aliphatic polyols and/or aliphatic polyether polyols; as well as through a process comprised of polymerizing together lactams, polyols and polyacyl or acyl polylactams and an alcohol in the presence of a base lactam polymerization catalyst.
The lactam terpolymer as described below is based upon various moieties as components of a block terpolymer. For example, in the embodiment of the lactam-polyol-polyacyl lactam terpolymer, the lactam may be caprolactam, the polyol may be 1,4-butanediol or polyethylene glycol, and the polyacyl lactam may be tetraphthaloyl biscaprolactam or 1,3-benzene disulfonyl caprolactam.
A preferred monomer of the terpolymer is ε-caprolactam. Lactam monomers in addition to ε-caprolactam include alphapyrrolidinone, piperidone, valerolactam, caprolactams other than the ε-isomer, capryllactam, lauryllactam and the like. In addition to lactams unsubstituted on their carbon chains, lactams having substituents on the carbon chain which do not inhibit or otherwise adversely affect the polymerization of the lactam are also included within the scope of this invention.
During polymerization the cyclic lactam ring is opened to provide the following monomeric unit ##STR1## which, together with other lactam molecules, produces a polymeric block of the formula ##STR2## where x is an integer greater than one. The monomeric lactam unit can also react with the polyacyl alkoxide. Similarly, a polylactam block, when joined with a polyacyl unit forms a polymer segment of the formula ##STR3## where R is a hydrocarbon group described hereinbelow, A and A' are acyl groups, x is an integer greater than one, y is an integer equal to or greater than one, and b is an integer equal to zero or one.
In the course of the polymerization of the components described above, a polyol can react with the polymerizable lactam unit or block or product a polymer segment of the formula ##STR4## where x and n are integers equal to at least one and where Z is a hydrocarbon, substituted hydrocarbon or acylated hydrocarbon group which, together with the oxygen atom attached thereto, forms a polyether or polyester segment of a polymer molecule. The Z hydrocarbon, substituted hydrocarbon and acylated hydrocarbon groups can be of any size even polymeric such as polybutadiene, generally limited to about six carbon atoms, said groups being preferably alkylene, arylene, alkylene carbonyl, arylene carbonyl, and mixtures thereof. Even more preferred are unsubstituted aliphatic groups such as methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene and the like. Other suitable Z groups include phenylene, chlorophenylene, tolylene, isobutylene, isopropylene, ethylcarbonyl, propylcarbonyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylthiocarbonyl and the like.
The preference indicated above for unsubstituted aliphatic Z groups means that terpolymers of this invention which contain polyether segments are preferred over other embodiments which contain polyester segments.
In preferred aspects of this invention, it is theorized that the lactam is present in the polymer in the form of polylactam blocks which are alternated with blocks of polyol and polyol segments to form the polymer. The polylactam blocks when present can be of any size but customarily have molecular weights of at least about 500, preferably at least about 1000.
The polymerized polyol components of the polymers of this invention are formed from polyol intermediates having at least two hydroxy groups. Available commercial polyols of this class are produced by reacting, for example, propylene oxide or ethylene oxide with glycols, glycerol, pentaerythritol, glucose, amines, and the like. Included within the scope of the above class are a large number of suitable compounds ranging from the simple diols such as ethylene glycol to complex polymeric polyols such as poly (ε-caprolactone) diol. Other polyol compounds include alkylene glycols such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-hexanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, butylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, dicyclopentadiene glycol, heptaethylene glycol and isopropylidene bis (p-phenyleneoxypropanol-2); diols other than alkylene glycols such as pyrocatechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, hydroxyethyl acrylate and hydroxypropyl methacrylate; polyols having more than two hydroxy functions such as glycerol, pentaerythritol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, 1-trimethylol propane, pyrogallol and phloroglucinol; polymeric polyols such as polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polyoxypropylene diols and triols, castor oils, polybutadiene glycols and polyester glycols, and a large number of compounds containing substituents other than hydroxy groups such as 2,4-dichlorobutylene glycol and 2,2'-4,4' bis (chlorohydroxyO phenyl) ether. In addition to all the hydroxy compounds set forth above, the thio compounds analogous to the above compounds having sulfur atoms in place of oxygen are also included within the scope of the invention. A few examples include hydroxyethyl thioglycolate, ethylene glycol bis(thioglycolate), pentaerythritol tetrakis-(thioglycolate) and thiodiglycol.
If the polyol intermediate is a polymer, the molecular weight of the polyol can be any amount. Commercially available polymeric polyol compounds have molecular weights from 200 to 5000, but polymers with molecular weights outside that range are also useful in the practice of the instant invention. If the polyol intermediate or segment is a single molecule having at least two hydroxy groups such as ethylene glycol, a suitable polyol segment according to the invention would have a molecular weight of at least 62.
The third component of the terpolymers has the following structural configuration in the polymer chain: ##STR5##
where R is a hydrocarbon group, A and A' are acyl radicals, y is an integer equal to at least one, and b is an integer equal to zero or one.
The R group can be any hydrocarbon group having at least two valence bonds for attachment to the acyl groups shown in the above formula. Examples include functional groups obtained by the removal of hydrogen atoms from methane, ethane, propane, hexane, dodecane, benzene, toluene, cyclohexane and the like. The polyvalent R group can be of any size but is preferably limited to about twenty carbon atoms, and more preferably about eight carbon atoms. If the integer "y" is one, the linkage will be a diacyl group. The A group can be any acyl group and preferably are ##STR6## groups. Most preferred among the above groups is the carbonyl group.
Values for the integer "y" have a direct relationship to the thermoplasticity of the terpolymer. If the integer "y" is greater than one, the linkage will be a higher polyacyl. The higher the value of "y", the more highly crosslinked will be the finished polymer. Values for "y" can be as high as six or eight, but more preferably do not exceed two or three.
The polymerized product comprising the aforementioned components can have a number of different structures depending upon the process conditions and the relative proportions of ingredients used in the reaction system. Polymers can be prepered having relatively small segments of lactam units joined to similarly short segments of polyol units through the polyacyl linkage described above. Or large segments of one polymeric component can be combined with a larger number of comparatively small segments of another polymeric unit, which small segments are joined to one another through the polyacyl linkage as well as to the other type of polymeric component. Or segments of varying sizes of both the lactam and the polyol polymeric units can be combined through the polyacyl components to form a highly random terpolymer. Another form of polymer within the scope of this invention are block polymers, where moderately large size blocks or segments of the lactam and polyol polymeric units are positioned alternately in the polymer chain and joined through the polyacyl group described above. If the polyacyl linkages are, for purposes of simplification, considered to be a part of either a lactam or polyol block, then the block polymers of this invention can be discussed in terms of two alternating blocks designated as A and B blocks, instead of in terms of complicated patterns of three blocks designated as A, B and C blocks. Block polymers prepared according to this invention can have three general structural configurations, AB, ABA and a repeating pattern of AB segments. Following a general characterization of a block copolymer prepared within the scope of this invention as AB, ABA or repeating AB, it should be recognized that the exact structural configuration may vary somewhat from the general characterization of the polymer. As an illustration, one theoretical formula for a lactam-polyolpolyacyl lactam block terpolymer of the repeating AB type could be ##STR7## where y, x, x', x", n and w are all integers equal to one or more; b is an integer equal to zero or one; R is a divalent or polyvalent hydrocarbon group; (O-Z)n is a polyol segment or a polymeric moiety and Z is a hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon group; Y is an alkylene group having at least three carbon atoms; A and A' are acyl groups; and R' is an aliphatic or substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon wherein the ester group is attached to other than an aromatic radical.
If for instance Y is a straight chained alkylene group, A and A' are carbonyl groups, Z is ethylene, --CH2 CH2 --, and R is phenylene, the terpolymer would be a caprolactam-ethylene glycol polymer where the caprolactam segments of the polymer are joined to one another and to the ethylene glycol segments through terephthaloyl linkages. Other lactam-polyol polymers, both of the AB, ABA as well as the repeating AB type, will become immediately apparent to those skilled in the art in view of this disclosure. It should therefore be noted that the above structural formula is set forth for illustrative purpose only, and is not intended as a limitation of the polymers within the scope of the invention.
When the polymers of this invention are of the ABA type, where one block of one type of polymer segment is located between two blocks of the other type of polymer segment, the polymers can be of either the polyol-lactam-polyol type or the lactam-polyol-lactam type. Of the two types, the latter is a preferred type of ABA polymer.
If the lactam-polyol-polyacyl lactam polymer is a block polymer, the polyol blocks can, like the polylactam blocks, be of any size but customarily have molecular weights of at least about 500, preferably at least about 1000. The ratio of the number of lactam to polyol blocks can also vary. Since the block polymers can be of either the type designated as AB, ABA or repeating AB, the ratio of lactam blocks to polyol blocks can vary from 2:1 to 1:1 to 1:2. Mixtures of two or more block polymers having different ratios of the lactam and polyol blocks will produce ratios of polymer blocks intermediate between the above stated ratios.
In the above theoretical formula for a lactampolyol block terpolymer, the polyacyl linkage is represented as located between two lactam polymer segments as well as between a polyether segment and a lactam polymer segment. As a practical matter, the polyacyl linkages will also be located occasionally between two polyol blocks. It should be noted, moreover, that the polyacyl linkages need not invariably be psoitioned between lactam and polyol blocks since the necessary linkage can be provided in the form of an ester linkage by the oxygen atom of the polyether segment and the carbonyl group of a polylactam segment.
Following is a general characterization of the lactam polyol-polyacyl lactam terpolymer produced according to the invention. As an illustration, the lactam-polyol-polyacyl lactam or acyl polylactam terpolymer has the general formula: ##STR8## Wherein (O-Z)n is a polyol segment or a polymeric moiety and Z is a hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon group said group being alkylene, arylene, alkylene carbonyl, arylene carbonyl, and mixtures thereof;
A and A' are acyl groups selected from ##STR9## R is a polyvalent hydrocarbon group; Y is an alkylene or substituted alkylene having from about 3 to about 14 carbon atoms;
y is an integer equal to at least one, and
b is an integer equal to zero or one; x, x', x" and x'" are integers and the total number of
x's is equal to 2w+2; and n and w are integers equal to one or more.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 6, 1968
|Jul 28, 1970
|Asaharu Nakagawa
|Composition comprising polyester and polyether-polyamide blockcopolymer
|Jun 17, 1970
|Nov 23, 1971
|Du Pont
|Non-woven fibrous webs bonded with cross-linked ethylene/carboxylic acid copolymers and methods of making same
|Dec 10, 1973
|Jan 21, 1975
|Monsanto Co
|Lactam-polyol-acyl polyactam terpolymers
|Jun 24, 1974
|Mar 16, 1976
|Monsanto Company
|Polyester initiated anionic catalyzed polymerization of lactam
|Mar 9, 1972
|Nov 23, 1976
|Imperial Chemical Industries Limited
|Flocking non-woven fabrics
|Aug 25, 1975
|Jun 21, 1977
|Monsanto Company
|Lactam-polyol-polyacyl lactam terpolymers
|Oct 22, 1974
|Jul 5, 1977
|Monsanto Company
|Ester terminated terpolymers
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 30, 1995
|Sep 29, 1998
|Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.
|Process for making a bulked fabric laminate
|Oct 2, 1997
|Dec 26, 2000
|Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc.
|Self-cohering, continuous filament non-woven webs
|Jan 18, 1995
|Aug 14, 2001
|Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.
|Strength improved single polymer conjugate fiber webs
|Dec 5, 2000
|Oct 30, 2001
|Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc.
|Self-cohering, continuous filament non-woven webs
|Feb 25, 2000
|Jul 6, 2004
|Universal Trim Supply Co., Ltd.
|Method of forming a trade mark on a ribbon stripe
|Aug 28, 1998
|Oct 26, 2004
|Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.
|Bulked fabric film laminate
|Feb 19, 2003
|Nov 30, 2004
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Fiber-forming apparatus
|May 20, 2002
|Jul 12, 2005
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Bondable, oriented, nonwoven fibrous webs and methods for making them
|May 20, 2002
|Oct 9, 2007
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Nonwoven amorphous fibrous webs and methods for making them
|Sep 3, 2004
|Dec 30, 2008
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Method for forming spread nonwoven webs
|Jun 14, 2007
|Sep 22, 2009
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Nonwoven amorphous fibrous webs and methods for making them
|Apr 13, 2010
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Bondable, oriented, nonwoven fibrous webs and methods for making them
|Aug 7, 2006
|Jun 29, 2010
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Nonwoven elastic fibrous webs and methods for making them
|May 20, 2002
|Jan 2, 2003
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Method for forming spread nonwoven webs
|Feb 19, 2003
|Aug 7, 2003
|3M Innovative Properties
|Fiber-forming apparatus
|May 20, 2002
|Nov 20, 2003
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Bondable, oriented, nonwoven fibrous webs and methods for making them
|Nov 17, 2003
|May 19, 2005
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Nonwoven elastic fibrous webs and methods for making them
|Sep 3, 2004
|Jun 30, 2005
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Method for forming spread nonwoven webs
|Mar 21, 2005
|Jul 28, 2005
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Bondable, oriented, nonwoven fibrous webs and methods for making them
|Aug 7, 2006
|Nov 30, 2006
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Nonwoven elastic fibrous webs and methods for making them
|Aug 7, 2006
|Nov 30, 2006
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Nonwoven elastic fibrous webs and methods for making them
|Jun 14, 2007
|Oct 11, 2007
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Nonwoven amorphous fibrous webs and methods for making them
|Apr 15, 2003
|Apr 1, 2009
|Nonwoven amorphous fibrous webs and methods for making the same
|Sep 29, 1998
|Apr 15, 1999
|Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc.
|Self-cohering, continuous filament non-woven webs
|Apr 15, 2003
|Dec 4, 2003
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Nonwoven amorphous fibrous webs and methods for making them
|U.S. Classification
|428/198, 428/374, 264/248, 264/172.17, 264/122, 264/172.15, 428/373, 264/172.18
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 28, 1997
Owner name: SOLUTIA INC., MISSOURI
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MONSANTO COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:008820/0846
Effective date: 19970824


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Woman says trooper shot pleading man
DEKALB COUNTY, Ga. - A woman said she watched a state trooper shoot a man while he begged her not to.
Channel 2's Tom Jones was in court Wednesday when a woman who witnessed the shooting took the stand. She lives next door to the house where prosecutors said the incident unfolded.
The confrontation took place at the tail-end of a high-speed chase in May 2010. Davis said Venson refused to comply with her constant commands, and she feared for her life when she shot him. She said although he was shot, Venson managed to grab her gun and beat her with it. Davis' injuries forced her to retire.
The neighbor testified that from her vantage point, Venson did nothing to provoke the shooting.
"While he had his back turned, he said to her, 'Please don't shoot me,' and she had the gun in back of his head. She said, 'I'll blow your so-and-so brains out.' Next thing you know, I heard a shot," witness Rena Mcknight said.
If convicted, Venson could receive an 80-year prison sentence.


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R.E.X. Records 1995
This Michigan-based Christian band was formerly known as "Leaderdogs For The Blind" and released their only album to date called "Lemonade" in 1995 on R.E.X. Records. The album combined Soundgarden-styled grunge with some sampling and industrial effects. The band disappeared soon after the album's release and was not heard from for several years. In 2002 Lyndon Perry, now based in Illinois, found new members and shortened the name to just Leaderdogs. There's been no word on when or if any new material will be released.
Current Members:
Lyndon Perry - vocals/guitars
Mike Layne - guitars/backing vocals
Jason Williams - bass/backing vocals
Shannon Woulfe - drums/backing vocals
Members who recorded this CD:
Lyndon Perry - vocals/guitars
Derek Cilibraise - vocals
Grant Mohrman - guitars/programming
Andre Barancik - bass
Artist descriptions on Last.fm are editable by everyone. Feel free to contribute!
All user-contributed text on this page is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply.


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Office space Bristol
Studio 31Studio 31 offers serviced artistic office space in Bristol and is designed to provide a stimulating environment and community for people involved in creative industries. All of our office spaces are rented out to businesses and individuals whose work fits in with our ethos. With artists, jewellery makers, magazines publishers, web designers, film producers and more all working under one roof, Stud...Find out more
Hot DeskingNew for 2016 - hot desking available in Studio 31 We have just three desks available in our creative hub. The shared office space comes with complimentary Wi-fi, access to printing facilities and a lockable filing cabinet. In line with Studio 31's philosophy we are looking for applications from creative businesses whose ethos and values fit in with the community we have created here. [gallery id...Find out more
Local Discounts10% discount at selected cafes, bars and restaurantsFind out more
Square Club MembershipHalf price membership fees for the Square private members clubFind out more
Accommodation OffersBeing part of the Clifton Hotel group means we can offer you more. Whether you are looking to impres...Find out more
Perks of Studio 31
- Fantastic Bristol location
- All inclusive rent
- Community of creative professionals
- Weekly communal cleaning
- No agency fees
- Discounts at local cafes, bars and restaurants
News and Press
We at Studio 31 would like to introduce you to our brand new website, you see we love Studio 31 so much we decided to dedicate a whole new site to it. So please, stay and have a look around. See which exciting creatives are with us now and which famous names have come before. Read about all the fantastic perks we have to offer and how this creative space could work for you.Read more
- Congratulations to everyone that took part in the #Bristolhalf yesterday! You are our #mondaymotivation today! Can… https://t.co/EUcKgSOtH9
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With the recent boom in the creative industries, Bristol has emerged as one of the UK's leading creative cities. Studio 31 aims to provide studio space to those working within this exciting sector and create an environment focussed on community and creativity. Our offices are home to leaders in the Bristol arts and media sector and a place where networking and creative collaborations are part of daily working life. Close links to the Berkeley Square Hotel and the Square private members club mean tenants can take advantage of a 50% discount on membership. The Square provides a contemporary and ...Read more


text:
How 'Othering' Hurts Our Witness
The idea that you're "the other" means that you often are treated differently, often treated as less deserving, or less worthy of respect and protection — both from your surrounding community and often from the law. I've seen the "othering" of not only Asian Americans but also of Latinos, African Americans, Native Americans, Muslims, and countless others. The political construct of race, and — in an international context "othering" — serves and protects those attributed in-group status. It allows the in-group to keep those deemed "outsiders" at a safe distance to lessen the threat presented by their presence — threat to internal value, threat to safety, and threat to resource access.


text:
This Is What Leftist Thugs Are Willing To Do To SILENCE Voters – WARNING: Very Disturbing Footage
Just freaking wow. I'm a Cruz supporter and have my own issues with Trump… but after seeing this, I'd have no problem voting for him to keep these Marxists out. It's stunning. Talk about hate-filled rhetoric led by a terrorist like Bill Ayers. If I have to choose between Trump and the left… it's a no-brainer. These asshats want a violent revolution from below and they don't give a damn about elections. Ayers is in the video, stating, "Elections don't change history, what changes history are popular movements from below." 'From below' is appropriate… on the dedication page of Saul Alinsky's book Rules For Radicals, it says "…[to] the first radical known to man who rebelled against the establishment and did it so effectively that he at least won his own kingdom — Lucifer." Trump isn't Hitler… but these leftists are certainly evil.
From Mad World News:
A video shot during a Donald Trump campaign rally is going viral, and it shows the extend professional leftist thugs will go to silence the American voter and hijack our country. Well-known radical communists, who are rallying young Bernie Sanders supporters into spewing violent threats at Trump and his supporters, were identified at the rally, and what was captured is shocking many Americans.
As the video depicts, the far left is threatening an armed revolution "from below," telling us that "elections don't matter." Professional film makers decided to make the video, showing the growing backlash against those who support Trump and his pro-American views. If Trump is anything, he is as a proud American who wants to bring strength back to the US. This outrages the left, and well-known leftist thug Bill Ayers is in the video making veiled threats.
Per Mad World News, in this video, you have old white people (1960's far left agitators) identifying themselves as communists, who are there as paid protesters. They are whipping up the useful idiots, otherwise known as the young college aged kids, into aggressive thugs who threaten the Trump supporters. America is angry. And if these leftists keeping pushing Trump supporters, they will almost assuredly push back at some point and off we go. These communists want riots and chaos in the streets. Most of them in the video are Bernie Sanders supporters, but Hillary's are there too. This is the radical face of the left and the devil would love it.
Also see...
Even though my father, brother, uncles and grandfather were in the military, I seldom handled guns growing up. That's because unlike many of the other people in my family, I've...Read More
Terresa Monroe-Hamilton
Terresa Monroe-Hamilton owns and blogs at NoisyRoom.net. She is a Constitutional Conservative and NoisyRoom focuses on political and national issues of interest to the American public. Terresa is the editor at Trevor Loudon's site, New Zeal - trevorloudon.com. She also does research at KeyWiki.org. You can email Terresa here. NoisyRoom can be found on Facebook and on Twitter.
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Obama made a huge mistake thinking that everyone in America hates their own country just like Reverend Wright, the killer
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Truth In Accounting had an incredibly important 50 state study that needs to be broadcast far and wide. It shows
Teamsters Chief Says 'Public Option' Not Vital to Healthcare Reform
James P. Hoffa is now saying that if Obama pulls the "public option" out of his healthcare bill, it is


text:
#BDSFail: Lots of BDS Sites Use Israeli Web Technology!
Latest update: November 18th, 2013
Wix is an Israeli company that recently went public on NASDAQ. It creates software that makes it easy to create websites.
And the anti-Israel crowd loves it!
Students for Justice in Palestine – Cornell University use it. Also, SJP in Denver. And Houston. And at Loyola.
So does the webpage of the "Museum of the Palestinian Holocaust." And "Palestine Forever." And "It IS Apartheid." Not to mention "Team Palestina."
Who wants to tell them that they better take down all these sites?
(h/t Zionist Federation, which noticed two of these; I found the rest.)
Visit Elder of Ziyon.Elder of Ziyon
About the Author: Elder blogs at http://elderofziyon.blogspot.co.il/The author's opinion does not necessarily reflect the opinion of The Jewish Press.
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Our comments section is intended for meaningful responses and debates in a civilized manner. We ask that you respect the fact that we are a religious Jewish website and avoid inappropriate language at all cost.
If you promote any foreign religions, gods or messiahs, lies about Israel, anti-Semitism, or advocate violence (except against terrorists), your permission to comment may be revoked.


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Place your favorite photo in our Denim and Diamonds Mod Frame.
Our Denim and Diamonds Mod Frame features a casual yet formal design of a denim background with printed rhinestone accents. The Denim and Diamonds Personalized Mod Frame will show off your custom wording at the bottom of this classy frame. The Denim and Diamonds Mod Frame will make a great favor for any party or event.
Mod Frame features:
Please allow ample time for delivery. Our ship date for this product is noted in your shopping cart. Many items are shipped separately, so please allow extra time for these items to arrive. Shipping charges are based on the value of the merchandise and not the number of shipments. For additional shipping information, please contact our Customer Service Department at (firstname.lastname@example.com or 1-800-314-8794).
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Q:Can you put a picture in this frame or is the picture printed on it?
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A:The frame itself is printed on, you put in your own photo.
A:•Holds 4 x 6 inch photo. You put in your own photo. The only part that is customized is the plate under where the photo goes.
Q:Is this a paper frame that lays flat?
1 answer
A:No. It is made from plastic. It stands up.


text:
Fifth-ranked 170-pound contender Kelvin Gastelum faces battle-tested veteran Jorge Masvidal at The Ultimate Fighter: Latin America 3 Finale in Mexico City. read news >>
Following a week of introductions as coaches Chuck Liddell and Forrest Griffin got to know the fighters and make their team selections, the first bout of the latest season of The Ultimate Fighter Lat read news >>
Tune in Wednesday, Aug. 31, at 6 pm ET, for Knockout Radio LIVE! as they talk with Eddie Gordon and Matt Schnell, preview UFC Fight Night 93, and recap UFC on FOX 21. read news >>
Gaston Bolanos will get a chance to challenge for his first major Muay Thai title when he takes on veteran Tum Sityodtong in a Lion Fight lightweight title bout. read news >>
Miesha Tate helped carry a 6-year-old with a broken arm down a steep, 2.6-mile mountain over the weekend. read news >>
TUF 24: Team Benavidez vs. Team Cejudo Finale fight card rumors and start times for Dec. 3, 2016, in Las Vegas, Nevada. read news >>
Arguably the biggest upset in the history of The Ultimate Fighter happened on the fifth episode of TUF 24: Tournament of Champions, which aired on Wednesday. read news >>
Louis Smolka has had a busy day. Filed under: News, UFC read news >>
Kron Gracie's world-class ground game was again on display in Sunday's Rizin FF 2 headliner. However, a potential second-round open-weight grand prix bout was the story of the night.Filed under: News read news >>


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Well that went too fast. The summer holidays I mean. Time just seems to disappear, and before you know it the kid's are heading back for a new school year.
We want to make sure you get the most out of this new pair of school shoes, so listen up (or maybe get the kid's to listen up!) to the next few tips for making the new treads last, and ensuring they're super comfortable, super quick.
1. When putting school shoes on for the first time after 6 weeks of wearing flip- flops, they're going to feel uncomfortable. Your feet will have flattened a little and your toes will have separated, meaning a sturdy pair of leather shoes may feel tight at first. Unfortunately, we can't wear flip-flops to school (or work, might I add) so we suggest wearing them around the house for a bit so you can get used to them.
2. Our shoe styles vary quite a bit. Some times, the heel and ankle collar is cushioned, meaning they're not going to take too much softening. As the styles get more mature, along with the wearers, the cushioned collar look isn't so desirable, so they tend to be slimmer and more stiff. This is part of the transition into adult shoe styles and they're gong to take a little more wearing in.
3. We suggest grabbing some Vaseline or coconut oil, and pressing the back of the heel forward and back with your thumbs. This will essentially do a lot of the wearing in before your feet even touch the ground, reducing the chances of getting nasty blisters.
4. If you're an older person, and have developed a taste for older person's shoes, don't go skidding around playing footy in them. These styles aren't built to endure that kind of wear. So if you've gone ahead and played five-a- side, and they come home scuffed, don't expect much more than an 'I told you so' raised eyebrow! And as for Scooters….!
5. Before wearing them on the first day, give them a good polish and coat of protector spray. This will help to guard against watermarks forming on the leather. Give them another spray now and again after the first wear especially after they've been polished!
6. Get your hands on some shoe cream. They come in different colours, as well as a neutral (for all shoe colours), and actually nourish and hydrate the leather when applied. When leather dries out, it will crack and the shoes will wear out a lot quicker. If they're treated to some leather cream once in a while, it will keep them in tip-top shape for much longer. Just apply a small amount with a cloth all over the shoe. Then with a clean cloth, buff, polish and shine away.
If in doubt, bring them into the shop and we can give them some Golden Boot treatment.
In case you didn't already know, we stock trainers, plimsolls, football boots and ballet shoes. We don't work with huge trainer brands, that's not really our scene, so you won't see any ticks or shell toes on display. The trainers we do stock however, are leather and are top quality. Would we offer you anything less? Schools love them, they're comfortable, we can fit them to feet with growing room, and they're perfectly functional and practical. It also saves a trip to yet another shop.
Oh! One more thing. We sell name tags. Buy name tags. Buy all the name tags…
Happy New Term !!!