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Hoard's Dairyman article: Keeping ahead of calf diarrhea problems
Keeping ahead of calf diarrhea problems
by David A. Rhoda, D.V.M.
The author is a senior partner in the Evansville Veterinary Service, Evansville, Wis.
Walter watches his preweaned calves very carefully. In the past, he has tried to figure out such obscure things as odor change in a diarrhea outbreak, severity shifts, shifts in the pattern of disease such as age at diarrhea, prevalence shifts in the number of cases being seen, or more days to clinical cure.
For preweaning diarrhea, we have three treatment plans which depend on severity of the condition. His mild case is a Code 3 to 5 manure score with little change in appetite or attitude. A moderate case is a manure Code 4 to 5 with some affect on appetite and attitude. The severe case is a manure Code 4 to 5, loss of appetite, depressed, and dehydrated.
First, let's define the manure codes used:
3=formed but pasty
4=formless and puddles out
Mild cases get oral fluids in addition to their milk and electrolytes, moderate cases have a systemic antibiotic included, and severe cases are treated with the moderate treatment until they can be seen by a veterinarian. Walter records every case treated with the severity and treatment used, and you can see from the manure scores that trigger a mild recording that he is intent on finding mild cases and supplementing fluids and electrolytes. This also means that the recorded incidence is high because he is intent on early detection of mild cases. The normal "pattern" of cases is known by age at symptoms and severity. And the common pathogens that caused diarrhea in the past have been cultured and are known.
The phrase production medicine gets used very freely by all of us, yet I suspect it means something different to all of us. The definition that matches the rest of this story is that it is a combination of what we know about clinical medicine and what we know about the management needs of the herd or a specific population in the herd. In this case, it is the management needs of the preweaned calf.
Two-pronged approach
The bottom line is that the diarrheas are caused by a pathogen. But the management factors that surround the calf also factor into pattern of diseases we see. Therefore, expanding the definition of production medicine to our cowside (calfside) application is to include in the differential diagnosis for any outbreak the management practices the calf is exposed to plus the bugs we know are the clinical medicine cause.
By recording conditions treated, we very simply get the medical history to use for health care decisions for the individual calf first. But it also gives us an unbiased quantitative measure of a situation change. This change either can be on the clinical medicine side of production medicine or the management side. As long as both sides are being considered, changes can be resolved.
Walter didn't need records to note that the diarrhea "pattern" had shifted. The records are used to measure the shift or shifts of the condition patterns that occur over time either in the proportion of cases or their severity. In Walter's calves, both shifts could be seen at different times. True to my training, I look for a change in bugs involved, but we will keep changes in the management of the calf as possible contributing factors.
The five Cs
The recommendations for management of the preweaned calf are stated in the five Cs of calf management:
- Colostrum
- Calories
- Cleanliness
- Consistency
- Comfort
Some potential pathogens always are with us which is why we want to supply the five Cs so the calf can manage these challenges itself. The name of the culprit hadn't changed, and I didn't even add the name because it is not important to the points we are considering. There are a couple of questions about the bug to consider. Had the level of "challenge" changed, had the bug changed and gotten stronger, or had the strength of the calf been compromised? These questions send us to the management side of production medicine and an assessment of changes in the five Cs:
-Colostrum management hadn't changed, and we can use the laboratory to assess that.
-Calories being supplied hadn't changed.
-Cleanliness hadn't changed which answers the question about level of challenge.
-Consistency of feeding times and amount fed hadn't changed, so calories should be stable.
-Comfort hadn't changed and is excellent.
In the October 25, 2009 issue, page 645, was a very interesting column by the Hoard's staff about heifer raising that includes a table about energy utilization at two temperatures for growth. The question then becomes: Did the night temperatures drop enough to make this the "culprit" because it also takes significant energy to defense a challenge? The answer is no, the culprit still is the pathogen cultured, but meeting the calorie requirement at different temperatures is definitely on Walter's management agenda. We learned that colder weather is upon us and still colder weather will follow.
We didn't rule out the possibility of simply more bugs in the environment from a calf shedding large amounts or that maybe a strain of the pathogen did get stronger. We know the name (pathogen) didn't change, and we can't measure the other two.
The solution is rather clear. We intensify the management of all five Cs. Making sure colostrum management is excellent and identifying the individuals that were less than perfect; manage the calorie intake to times when additional needs are present; always minimizing the challenge of bugs with cleanliness; maximizing the consistency of their feeding in interval being meals, amount being fed, and formulation of diet; and, finally, maximizing the management of comfort to minimize the shifts in weather that are a fact of life.
The health records maintained by Walter are designed to be able to quickly monitor shifts in either number of cases or change in the pattern of severities.
We recognize that changes in any of the five key management areas or a culprit (pathogen) change are going to be visible in these health records and that they are not going to specifically identify what changed.
As the temperatures drop, "intensifying the management" of all five Cs will be at the top of our agenda.


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Thursday, May 24, 2001
Of The Post and Courier staff
Just because archaeologists have finally uncovered Hunley commander Lt. George Dixon, it doesn't necessarily mean his fabled gold coin will soon follow.
As the first phase of the Confederate submarine's excavation comes to a close, scientists are keeping a close eye out for the dig's most coveted artifact: Dixon's good luck charm.
But they have no illusions that it will just be lying loose somewhere in the gray muck still in the sub.
"It might not turn up by the end of the week," project manager Bob Neyland said Wednesday. "Something really small like that could be concreted to something or it could have slipped down between something. But gold preserves well, so it may turn up."
Legend has it that the $20 gold piece, a gift from his Mobile, Ala., sweetheart, Queenie Bennett, was in Dixon's pocket when the Hunley sank on Feb. 17, 1864. Historical accounts said that, by then, the coin served as his good luck piece.
Dixon was carrying the coin when he stormed through the rolling Tennessee pastureland of Shiloh early one misty morning in April 1862. Dixon was one of the first Confederate soldiers shot in that landmark Civil War battle - downed by a Yankee musket shot. But the bullet hit the gold coin in his pocket, wrapping it into the shape of a bell.
The coin from Bennett saved Dixon's leg, if not his life.
Scientists have found textiles close to Dixon's remains in the submarine, presumably his uniform. While the textiles are in better shape than some of the others found in the submarine, Neyland said it's not possible yet to tell if some of those clothes still have intact pockets.
If the sediment supported the textiles, the gold coin could turn up as archaeologists block-lift mounds of sediment that contain textiles and some of Dixon's remains.
But if the coin isn't there, it could be anywhere. It could even be concreted to the forward bulkhead, which will not be excavated until the fall.
Sometime in the next week, work on the Hunley will stop for a summer hiatus. At least two Hunley archaeologists have other commitments that will take them away from the excavation, and Neyland said the rest of his team is exhausted by a dig that has gone six or seven days a week since the first of March.
Everyone, he said, needs some time off before beginning the tedious work of de-concreting around the controls of the submarine mounted to the bulkheads. Also, scientists have yet to excavate underneath the bench the crew sat on. They believe that under the bench there are storage boxes where they could find the crew's personal belongings.
Plans call for the archaeologists to reconvene at the Warren Lasch Conservation Center late in the summer or early in the fall to do the detail work. They will remove all human remains from the submarine before they stop excavation.
Archaeologists Tuesday evening and Wednesday removed two of the three craniums remaining inside the submarine. One of those, Neyland said, may be Dixon's - but they won't know until the final one is removed. That skull, at least what scientists believe is the final skull, is heavily concreted.
Used with permission of The Post and Courier and Charleston.Net

subset: commoncrawl


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One of the most highly rated members of Penn State's 2013 recruiting class is heading elsewhere, and another might be looking elsewhere.
Ohio cornerback Ross Douglas and New Jersey defensive tackle Greg Webb, both four-star prospects, visited other colleges this weekend according to multiple internet reports. Douglas reportedly was at Nebraska on Friday, while Webb was en route to North Carolina with Timber Creek High School teammate Dajaun Drennon, a blue-chip defensive end.
Webb and Drennon both committed to the Tar Heels during their visit, Rivals.com analyst Mike Farrell reported through social media on Saturday.
Webb was the fourth-ranked recruit on Penn State's commitment list according to 247Sports before changing his mind. Douglas is now ranked fifth by 247Sports of the Lions' 13 remaining pledges.
Earlier in the day, Farrell posted on Twitter that Webb also would be making trips to Florida State and South Carolina and his commitment to Penn State now should be considered "very soft.'' There were reports earlier this summer that Webb would visit several southern colleges, but Webb at the time said he was committed to Penn State and didn't intend to make those trips.
Verbal commitments are not binding by NCAA rule, and players can change their mind without any penalty. Only a signed letter-of-intent is binding.
Douglas was considered one of the most strongly committed Lion recruits before the visit to Nebraska and was cited by other prospects as someone who was in contact with them as a positive influence in their recruitment by Penn State. He was one of the first players to announce a pledge to the Lions for this class and has raised his stock in several camps and competitions since announcing
Douglas was believed to be looking at enrolling at Penn State in January along with Cedar Cliff's Adam Breneman, the nation's No. 1-rated tight end. Several internet sources, though, said that Nebraska has continued to recruit Douglas.
Losing Douglas and Webb would be a major hit on this recruiting class. Not only as both top-ranked prospects, the Lions are in the process of trying to build depth on defense and balance out their scholarships on both sides of the ball - currently only about 30 of the 85 allowed scholarships on Penn State's roster are held by defensive players.
The secondary is particularly thin, with the Lions expected to try to sign as many as five defensive backs. Douglas is considered a strong candidate for early playing time should he sign with Penn State.
Penn State is expected to try to land appoximately 23 players in its 2013 recruiting class.


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A Nazareth Borough councilman is facing charges after police say they found him passed out drunk inside his car.
Police say they were checking on a 911 hangup call in the parking lot of the Giant on Nazareth Pike last week when they found councilman Christian Audenried slumped over in the driver's seat of his car.
Police say Audenried smelled of alcohol and had a bottle of vodka in his car.
He was later cited for public drunkenness.
The mayor of Nazareth says Audenried is still a council member and he says the borough won't take any action on the matter.


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Click the link for daily surf reports presented by Nichols Surf Shop, 411 Flagler Ave., New Smyrna Beach
NEW SMYRNA BEACH -- Researchers with the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission have received reports of more than 150 dead or distressed greater shearwaters, gull-like birds, along Florida's east coast in Brevard, Indian River, St. Johns and Volusia counties this week.
NEW SMYRNA BEACH -- The Canal Street Cruise will be from 4-8 p.m., Saturday, Aug. 11, along historic Canal Street. Sponsored by the East Coast Cruisers, the free, family-friendly classic car show offers food and entertainment in a historic setting.
Please click attachment to read NSB police patrols report:
March 16, 1925 - May 16, 2010
Funeral service for Howard A. Roberts, age 85, of Edgewater, who died Sunday, May 16, 2010 at Bert Fish Medical Center, New Smyrna Beach, will be 11:00 a.m. Saturday, May 22 at Settle-Wilder Chapel, New Smyrna Beach. Burial will follow at Sea Pines Memorial Gardens, Edgewater. Calling hours will be 6:00-8:00 p.m. Friday at Settle-Wilder's Chapel.


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Phone (718) 670-2966
The Child Life Program is designed to help children and their families cope with the stresses of hospitalization. Our supportive services focus on the emotional and developmental needs of the child, as well as the child's family. We provide a non-threatening supportive environment that encourages children to explore and understand their feelings, fears and anxieties.
We ensure that our pediatric patients and their family are comfortable and confident with the environment, procedures and the people involved with their care. The Child Life staff provides explanations of medical procedures to patients and families, distracts children during medical procedures and provides post-therapeutic intervention to ease the anxiety of the child. Along with a team of specially trained volunteers and interns, the child life staff strives to build a trusting relationship with the children and their families. This is achieved by supervising play, answering questions in age-appropriate language, and providing educational and emotional support. The trust that is formed allows children to express their feelings and concerns regarding their hospitalization. We focus on creating the best possible environment that we can for our patients and their families, and giving the best education and support to our children and their families in order to let them have the best hospital experience that they can.
Help the Child Life Fund with a donation!
To learn more about the child life click here.
For further information about the Child Life Program, please contact:
Director of Child Life
Alisha Rappaport-Zubrow
or a Child Life Specialist


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Former University of Evansville Head Coach Toby Wilcox was hired to lead Birmingham-Southern's new men's and women's swimming and diving programs on August 24, 2011.
Wilcox was Head Coach at NCAA Division I Evansville for nine seasons, from 1988-1997, and was named Midwestern Collegiate Conference (MCC) Coach of the Year three times (1990, 1991, 1995) during his tenure. He coached the first swimmer to achieve "B" standard at Evansville, and both his men's and women's teams maintained grade-point averages over 3.00. Wilcox coached 24 athletes to individual conference titles, and three MCC Swimmers of the Year.
Wilcox has been the head swimming and diving coach at North High School in Evansville, Ind., since August 2009. He coached the school's first regional diving competitor as well as the first state qualifier, and 21 of his student-athletes made the All-City Academic Team during the 2010-11 season. Wilcox's teams also broke 18 school records last season alone, and broke 30 school records total over the past two years.
Prior to his stint as head coach, Wilcox served as Evansville's Assistant Swim Coach from 1986 to 1988. He was also head swim coach for the University of Evansville Aquatic Club from 1984-1993, working with athletes from ages 6-18. Wilcox coached his athletes to the Indiana State age group team long course championship in 1985, and four swimmers from the club went on to become Olympic time trial participants. He also helped to develop two Junior National swimmers during his time with the club.
Wilcox is a University of Evansville graduate, where he attended on a swimming scholarship and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in History in 1985. He was MCC and Heartland Collegiate Conference MVP in 1984, team MVP in 1983 and 1984, and served as team captain.
"We are very excited to have someone with the experience and credentials of Toby Wilcox to start and build our new swimming and diving programs," Athletics Director Joe Dean, Jr., said. "Toby is a very personable and energetic coach with a passion for swimming and diving, and will be an asset to our athletics program here at Birmingham-Southern."
Wilcox began his duties on Sept. 15, 2011, and will spend the 2011-12 season recruiting student-athletes to the new program, which will begin competition in 2012-13. The team will utilize the new Birmingham Metro CrossPlex facility, just minutes from campus, which features an Olympic-caliber pool and state-of-the-art facilities for both training and hosting meets.


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It is impossible for this year's NBA offseason to compete with the interest of last year, which saw some of the best players in the history of the game became free agents. Three of them—LeBron James, Dwyane Wade and Chris Bosh—landed in Miami. Carlos Boozer went to Chicago and Amar'e Stoudemire went to New York.
We saw big moves at the trade deadline, such as Deron Williams to New Jersey and Kendrick Perkins to Oklahoma City, but none bigger than Carmelo Anthony being moved from Denver to New York.
The NBA is currently flourishing following an exciting season, which culminated in one of the most epic NBA Finals in history when Dirk Nowitzki and the Dallas Mavericks beat the Heat.
Who will Mark Cuban bring in to help secure a repeat in 2012? Will their own free agents be back to help them win?
More importantly, who will Miami, Los Angeles, Boston, New York, Chicago, Oklahoma City and the rest of the contending teams bring in to lead their team to a Finals appearance next season?
Which players will be on the move via free agency and trades during the offseason and NBA draft?
With the NBA draft coming up next week and a possible lockout ensuing, we have all of the top NBA rumors heading into the offseason.


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Paul and Elinor Boes celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary.
They were married Jan. 26, 1963, at St. Mary Catholic Church, Mansfield, by the Rev. Richard Markus.
Elinor, the daughter of Jacob and Anna Franzen, is retired from Seneca County Junvenile Court.
Article Photos
Paul is the son of Florian and Marguerite Boes. He is retired from TPC Services, Tiffin.
They are parents of four children, Brenda (David) Burns of Fostoria, Michelle (Mike) Grubb of North Royalton, Michael (Ann) Boes of Orion, Mich., and the late Dennis Boes. Twelve grandchildren complete their family.


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Rohde paces coaches' all-region team
Related Links
Already tabbed the Daktronics West Region Player of the Year in voting by sports information directors, Rohde was the leading vote-getter on the coaches' all-region squad, which included six first-team and five second-team selections.
The 6-9, 255-pound center from Phoenix (Pinnacle HS) led the Great Northwest Athletic Conference in scoring (19.8), field-goal percentage (.627) and double-doubles (9), and finished in a virtual three-way tie for the rebounding lead with 8.0 rpg. Rohde was also chosen the GNAC Player of the Year, helping the Seawolves to a 23-7 record, a No. 16 national ranking and their second straight NCAA Tournament.
The two-year transfer from Arizona State was a double-figure scorer in 26 of 30 games this season and shot 50-plus percent from the floor in 25 of the last 26 contests, including an ending streak of 17. Rohde tallied 12 games of at least 25 points – including four outings of 30-plus. Among his most impressive performances were a 28-point, 16-rebound effort in a Nov. 25 victory over Division I UC Irvine and his 32 points and 11 rebounds in UAA's NCAA Tournament First Round win over Montana State Billings.
Rohde quickly climbed UAA's all-time charts, reaching the 1,000-point mark in just 57 games and breaking the career record for field-goal percentage at .621. He also finished among the program leaders in scoring average (10th, 17.9 ppg), points (11th, 1,143), rebounds (t-11th, 463), rebounding averages (10th, 7.2 rpg), free throws made (4th, 291), free throws made per game (4th, 4.5), double-doubles (t-7th, 13) and games started (11th, 63).
Joining Rohde on NABC All-West Region First Team were Cal State-Stanislaus' Reggie Jones, Humboldt State's Randy Hunter, Western Washington's Rory Blanche, BYU-Hawaii's Tsung-Hsien 'Jet' Chang and Chico State's Jay Flores.
All 89 all-region players from the eight NCAA Division II regions now advance to the NABC All-America ballot.


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Top Definition
Eating sushi off a really pale, naked, Japanese female.
Sales rep to client: "I'm so pleased you're happy with the deal: Looks like the Milky bars are on you!"
de BHCL 29 janvier 2015
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
When a person shits a log, then ejaculates on it, and presents it as an organic chocolate bar from London.
Kahlid asked Manny to get him a milky bar while he was in london so he took a shit then cummed on it for him.
de Ron Thomas 6 avril 2007


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Industry Hills, Cal. – The Stetson University women's golf team finished ninth in the opening event of the spring season.
The Hatters struggled home in the final round of the Folino Invitational Presented by the Automobile Club of Southern California with a score of 323. That score dropped Stetson one spot in the final standings behind Cal Poly.
Gonzaga, which won the event in 2012, repeated as team champion, leading the event wire-to-wire and finishing with an 11-stroke advantage over host Cal State Fullerton in second place. The Zags finished with a team score of 902.
Individually, Stetson junior Claudia Redinger entered the final round tied for third place, but a final round score of 84 dropped her all the way into a tie for 20th in the final results.
Raychelle Santos of Gonzaga fired a one-under par 70 on Tuesday to clip Portland State's Aram Choi by one shot for the individual title. Santos finished the tournament with a score of five-over par 218.
Behind Redinger for Stetson, junior Sammi Smith finished tied for 35th at 28 over par, Jenna Hoecker tied for 39th at 29 over par, Mallory Viera finished tied for 43rd at 31 over par and Ryan Ashburn finished 54th at 38 over par.
The Hatters will be back in action next at the JMU/Eagle Landing Invitational March 11-13 at Eagle Landing Golf Course in Orange Park, Fla.


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Celebrity Central / Top 25 Celebs
Kristen Stewart
- 1990s
Setting the Stage
An agent contacts Stewart's parents after seeing the 8-year-old perform at her elementary school's Christmas play. After a slew of auditions, Stewart makes her film debut in the indie flick The Safety of Objects with Glenn Close and Joshua Jackson.
- 2002
Thrilling Performance
At 12, Stewart lands her big break opposite Jodie Foster (right) as a diabetic teen trapped at home during a heist in Panic Room. The thriller nabs the top spot at the box office, grossing more than $30 million in its opening weekend. Stewart's performance impresses critics and earns her a nomination for best lead actress at the Young Artist Awards. "Her approach is very different from most actors," Foster tells Elle. "She's stoic. She keeps it all wrapped up."
- 2005
Kid Flicks
After starring in the caper film Catch That Kid with Corbin Bleu in 2004, Stewart returns to the family film genre in Zathura, based on a book by the author of Jumanji. The space adventure underperforms at the box office, taking in a mere $13 million its opening weekend.
- 2007
On the Radar
A lead role in the supernatural horror movie The Messengers puts Stewart on the cover of Teen Vogue, despite the film's mild success at the box office. Of her newfound fame, Stewart tells the magazine, "Sometimes people come up to me and ask, 'Are you that girl from that movie?' and I say no. I guess that's probably going to get a lot harder to get away with." That year, she also stars in Into the Wild with Emile Hirsch (right) and In the Land of Women with Adam Brody and Meg Ryan.
- 2008
Love at First Bite
Stewart's indie cred earns her the lead in the highly anticipated teen romance drama Twilight–and the cover of EW. Based on the best-selling book series by Stephenie Meyer, Stewart plays Bella Swan, the love interest of swoon-worthy vampire Edward Cullen (played by Robert Pattinson), and the envy of every teen-lit fan. Stewart's "mixture of innocence and longing just knocked me out," director Catherine Hardwicke tells the magazine.
Riding the Wave
Vanity Fair names Stewart among "Hollywood's New Wave." The actress shares the cover with rising starlets Blake Lively, Amanda Seyfried and Emma Roberts. Stewart, however, is in no rush to join the A-list. "The 'it' girl does all the little fun-loving movies. They're not the kind of movies that I'm into," she tells the Hartford Courant.
The Twilight Hype
Just three months after her cover debut, Stewart makes her second EW appearance. In response to the film's hype and the pressure to please fans of the Twilight saga, Stewart says, "I'm sort of the vessel. The book is what it is because of these girls' obsession with [Edward] through me. If I wasn't right, I'd be persecuted, and put on a cross."
Twilight Reigns at Box Office
"Twilighters" come out in droves for the film's release, making it the weekend's No. 1 movie with $69.6 million. The movie's monumental success leads Summit Entertainment to green light the onscreen adaptation of Meyer's second Twilight novel, New Moon. "Props to Stewart and Robert Pattinson for playing this uncool-girl-meets-undead-boy story with genuine romantic ardor," raves Rolling Stone. "Stewart brings just the right blend of ferocity and feeling to the role of Bella Swan."
- 2009
The Saga Continues
Stewart lands her third EW cover – this time with her New Moon leading man Taylor Lautner. The sequel, which pulls in a record $258 million worldwide to become the third-largest debut on record, proves to be a challenge for Stewart. "Before the [pivotal breakup scene], I was sitting in my car, like f---ing crying," she says. "Crying so hard you can't breath." Off-screen, reports swirl that Stewart and Pattinson are involved in a real-life romance.
- 2010
Taking it Offscreen
Although they've been coy about their relationship, Stewart and Pattinson privately step out to welcome 2010 together on an island off the south coast of England. "I'm just trying to keep something," Stewart says of staying mum on her romance. But Twilight director Catherine Hardwicke spills the beans to Time: "I think it took a long time for Kristen to realize, 'OK, I've got to give this a go and really try to be with this person.'"
Photo Credits
BIOGRAPHY (top to bottom): Everett Collection; Everett Collection; Everett Collection; Everett Collection; Courtesy of EW; Courtesy of EW; Deana Newcomb/Summit Entertainment; Courtesy of EW; Fame
- Name
- Kristen Stewart
- Date of Birth
- April 09, 1990
- Birth Place
- Los Angeles, California
- Relationships
Robert Pattinson, ex-boyfriend (2009 to 2013; off and on)
Michael Angarano, ex-boyfriend (2006 to 2009)


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Calling a troll a troll | Opensource.com
Calling a troll a troll
At the Linux Foundation counsel meeting in Palo Alto last week, I had a chance to talk with attorneys for some leading tech companies about the threat to open source software from patent trolls. Some still politely avoid calling a troll a troll and substitute the more anodyne "non-practicing entity." I find the uglier term more fitting, because it's an ugly business.
When I say troll, I'm talking about an entity that produces neither ideas nor products and exists for no purpose other than to extract the maximum possible amount from companies that produce actual goods and services. Yes, I know, it's legal. But a troll is unlike most businesses. Sure, all businesses try to maximize profits, but most businesses contribute something positive back to society. It may be an innovative product, or a not-so-innovative product. Some companies are more mission oriented, while others are mainly bottom-line oriented. Obviously, there's a wide range of legal business activities and styles.
But there's no ambiguity about the purpose of a troll. It exists purely to gain lucre. It does so by threatening operating businesses with patent lawsuits, which are often unpredictable as to outcome but always expensive. The going rate for defense of a patent case starts around $3 million. In many cases, companies find the expected cost of litigation less than the cost of paying off the troll. This is less physically hazardous for both parties than, say, the kidnapping business, but the two activities have in common a brutal amorality.
The trolls have a cover story: that they just want to help inventors. They try to exploit the appealing story line of the lone inventor fighting the big guys for a fair reward. But that story has little to do with the reality of innovation in software, which is hardly ever a product of lone geniuses. Rather, software innovation is generally recognized to be cumulative in nature, with each component resting on many earlier sub-components. Trolls don't care whether the patents they buy have anything to do with true innovation, and they don't care that their threats actually discourage innovation.
There is increasing recognition in the FOSS ecosystem that troll lawsuits are a serious problem for open source. This is an unfortunate but real indicator of the remarkable success of open source. As the profits and profiles of open source products have risen, even trolls have taken note. So much for the good news. The bad news is that trolls view open source like a Somali pirate views a container ship – that is, purely as a target. Troll lawsuits are at best a tax on collaborative innovation and at worst, for a particular target, an existential threat.
Is there a way out of this mess? Meaningful reform of the law of software patents may or may not be at hand, as we await the Supreme Court's decision in Bilski v. Kappos. Whatever the Supreme Court decides, there will probably be more work to be done. But for starters, let's call a spade a spade, and a troll a troll.
7 Comments
At the risk of being labelled a troll myself, why are patent trolls held in such low regard within the FOSS community, whilst 'license trolls' like the Software Freedom Law Center are considered noble knights on white steeds? Both are using the (IMHO insane) intellectual property regime in a perfectly legal manner, and simply enforcing the 'rights' that IP holders enjoy...
Patent trolls are held in low regard in pretty much every software community not just FOSS, precisely for the reasons outlined
above. They exist purely to extract money by threatening potentially extortionately expensive lawsuits in the hope of scaring people into settling. The SFLC are working for people actually trying to do something with their IP.
Very similar method of attack as other associations who purport to protect rights holders by offering small settlements in the face of expensive lawsuits.
FOSS community members tend to hold patent aggressors in low regard - patent trolls are a proper subset of that group. As the previous commenter suggested, the entire technology industry holds patent trolls in low regard. Although, as Rob Tiller explains, patent trolls are increasingly a problem for open source, historically they have focused their attention on proprietary software vendors and users.
It seems more than obvious to me that in order to make a moral (not legal) judgment about any action you must take into account motivation and results of such action.
Trolls seek easy money through mere speculation and threats, acting as free-riders of distortions of the legal system (mainly legal costs and "insane" patents over abstract concepts). They hinder innovation and destroy value.
The Software Freedom Law Center (and similar entities) enforces copyright (or should I say, copyleft) licences in view of securing the basic freedoms of FOSS. Their approach is non hostile and educative. The result of their work is more freedom, more knowledge.
In view of that, in my IMHO, your comparison seems shallow and pointless. What is the similarity? Merely non-illegality? Does that equal morality?
Even on the issue of legality, "In re Bilski" will hopefully make the case that software patents are not (and were never) in line with basic principles of IP law, not even in the US.
On an "evilness" scale...
-- 0 -- is public domain, no copyright enforcement, etc
-- 1 -- would be copyright enforcement of very liberal licenses.
-- 2 -- would be copyright enforcement of things like the GPL. It's free software, but there are some requirements/limits to edit/distribution though these always favor strict end users.
-- 10 -- is copyright enforcement where user gets few rights.
-- 100 -- would be "aggressive" patent enforcement: most software patents are very broad and are the equivalent of many copyright enforcements (even factoring in for a wide-reaching "derivatives" interpretation of copyright law), where these hypothetical copyrights are over hypothetical works that the author has not and will not produce and which the author may not even understand or have imagined in their detail and complexity.
Note, that those in the 1-2 range have to compete head on with those in the 10+ range no matter what. This is one reason why more people in the 1-2 range are not at the 0 level.
I would say that AGPLv3 have 0 evilness because it can't be stolen, and rest (L)GPL are 1 because it has Google loophole. BSD is 5 because it helps Apple which has 100 evilness and it's run by Satan Himself, who by the way, said that he is making patent pool against Theora.
Oh, I forgot Microsoft. They broke the scale, it shows all 9... or 6.
Nuance in describing issues has a important place in reasoned debate, but one cannot mince words around serious market issues. Trolls are a problem that need to be addressed. Thankfully there is growing awareness of this fact.


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on November 16, 2012 - 11:42 PM
The Common Council failed to establish "any rational basis" for putting conditions on music and restaurant licenses for an Elmwood Avenue business, a judge has ruled.
Paul Tsouflidis, owner of Acropolis OPA, won a lawsuit against the Common Council and the city, but said Friday that the ruling will not change the way he operates the restaurant.
Neighbors concerned about noise were opposed to plans to turn Acropolis into a nightclub, and in March, the Council voted to place nine restrictions on the business.
State Supreme Court Justice Joseph R. Glownia ruled that the conditions "are hereby annulled, vacated and set aside" and that the city is directed to remove the conditions from Tsouflidis' existing licenses and permits.
The ruling allows Tsouflidis to open a bar on the restaurant's second floor, but he said he will not do that, and that he and his customers like the restaurant as it is now.
The restaurant has a bar on the first floor and an upstairs dining area.
He filed the lawsuit because he doesn't think the restrictions were necessary, but said he doesn't have hard feelings against anyone in City Hall.
"It was an attack on a small business," he said.
Delaware Council Member Michael J. LoCurto, who represents the area around the restaurant, at 708 Elmwood Ave., said he didn't think the ruling was an indication the Council went beyond its powers.
The Council explained why it was imposing the conditions, LoCurto said, noting that renovations to the restaurant were made before permits and licenses were obtained.
"I think this is a technicality because the judge says there is nothing in the record when the Council very explicitly listed the reasons why they were putting the conditions on, including advertisements the Acropolis made talking about the European nightclub they were going to have upstairs," LoCurto said.
LoCurto is urging the city Law Department to appeal the ruling, which was filed with the court clerk on Thursday.
Tsouflidis' suit was filed against the city, the Common Council, the city Department of Economic Development, Permit and Inspection Services and Patrick Sole, Jr., as director of Permit and Inspection Services.
email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Tweet I came across this article on a blog and thought I would share it. Vincent did a stellar job of listing the differences between those who have a winning mindset, and those who have a losing mindset. Which mindset do you have? Keep in mind that ANYONE can change their mindset if they want […]
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8 Things You Must Know if You Don't Want to Die at the Beach
#4. Nostalgia
Even Getty paused to ogle this one
Here, enjoy some bikini girls before things go dark again
Many people's happiest memories are of playing at the beach as a child. If you didn't have the experience, it's not too late! Many children would happily describe their fun day to you for a price as low as a candy bar. Simply walk up to any parent at the beach and ask where you can find some children.
Of course they may be suspicious, even after you explain that you're trading candy for their innocence. To avoid an ugly misunderstanding, go to the beach in a clown costume. Everyone loves a clown! Clowns just want to make children laugh and play and would never tell a young man that the things he did in a Dairy Queen bathroom back in 1991 were his fault, so don't tell anyone or you'll get in trouble, Brendan.
... Oh my God.
#3. Packing for the Beach
The great thing about the beach is it's so uncomplicated. Here are some useful items you can bring:
Thank you, God and Getty, for this dame
Tragic, but didja see that knockout blonde? HOTCHA!
#2. Beach Hazards
-- Stay safe; avoid the ocean an hour after eating. You'll be fine if you don't, but Mother worries so. To be honest, drowning is way overblown. It's just a way for big government to insert itself into our lives with more lifeguards, police helicopters, satellites and listening devices to monitor whale chatter. You're way more likely to be killed if you get into a car that's going to crash, or if you take aspirin for your ulcers.
-- Sharks regularly kill over two people a year, so it's important that we slaughter those bastards first. Cut off the fin for soup and dump the carcass back into the sea as a warning to other sharks. They'll get the message.
Getty is aghast!
People win again! We are the greatest!
-- Lightning can strike anywhere, anytime. Oh man, that would be such a badass way to die.
-- Beneath the South Pacific, the monstrous octopus-dragon Cthulhu slumbers. You will know if you have swum too close to Cthulhu as your skin erupts in boils, your thoughts burn with impossible geometries and the clacking, clattering language of the dead rushes in your ears.
HP Lovecraft was a disturbed man
Many beaches put out yellow flags if dead Cthulhu stirs dreaming
-- Though not a direct hazard, lifeguards are fit, young people who run in sexy slow motion. Fake a drowning to get one to notice you.
-- If you are attacked by Soggies, alert Cap'n Crunch immediately. He is there for your protection, and will provide a hearty breakfast that only slashes your mouth a little bit.
#1. How to Develop a Beach
The allure of the beach is, in some ways, its seediness. The deeper we stride into its inhospitable waves, the less the laws of man can bind us. It was Thoreau who said, "We are all anarchists where the surf meets the sand, bros." Or possibly that was an original quote from Randy, who is a guy we know from the beach.
Either way, this casual lawlessness fosters an easy trust. Before we jump into the waves, we ask strangers to keep an eye on our stuff. While we're in there, we expect teenagers to pay attention to our toddlers' safety in a crowd full of half-naked people. And after we come out, we believe the guy running the clam shack when he says deep frying can make shellfish taste like food.
Or as we called them growing up in New England, water lice and sea-roach
The question any vacationer relaxing on a sunny shore must ask, naturally, is "How can I make money off of these saps?" And the answer is simple: develop, develop, develop! People are in a trusting state against all common sense, so throw up a boardwalk where they can play lots of rigged carnival games for cheap tchotchkes they don't want and can't use. Lure them in the same way you would flies: with loads of sugar. Better add some fried food and old meat for good measure.
Now that you've got them all in one place, trap them on some vomitous carnival rides till they're hungry again. But how are you going to make sure they stick around after sunset? A crappy jazz band, obviously, busking for their dinner. Better add a hotel to that boardwalk, too, so you can fleece the herd again tomorrow. Uh-oh! Some of the guests want a section of the beach to themselves now that you've made it so crowded. Crapburgers! You'd better cordon off a part of it for the hotel's use only.
Is the beach at full capacity? Excellent! Where once there was naught but useless, gentle tides, there is now a thriving mecca of recreation operating at maximum efficiency! The principals of capitalism have triumphed yet again! Until ... say, where's everybody going?
Wikipedia weeps for Dreamland
Behold! The perfect beach
Er ... it seems beach attendance is dropping because we optimized the fun right out of things, and not even the deepest-fried meats can change the public's mind. Where teeming crowds once ... uh, teemed, now nothing remains but a lot of litter and empty buildings. And they slouch, slowly crumbling under the ever-encroaching tide. Foolish man! To think thou couldst tame the sea! In time, all is washed away, save for two trunkless legs of an Ozymandias statue by the ruins of the Watchmen theme ride roller coaster.
And there, over the course of a thousand years, your boardwalk empire will crumble back into a pristine beach ... where human beings may yet again venture to feel surf foaming on their ankles, sun baking their skin anew and sand irritating their genitals as they have sex under the boardwalk.
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text: No recent wiki edits to this page. OverviewPac-Man's modern appearancePac Man is the main character from the hit Namco video game of the same name. The character itself is relatively simple. The name comes from the Japanese word "pakku" which means chomp. Pac Man is one of the most known video game character of all time.HistoryThe name and shape of Pac Man are based on many factors. The simple shape was based on two primary factors. The first factor is a simplified version of the Japanese character for mouth, with is just a square. The shape also comes from the idea of a pizza missing a slice. Pac-Man's yellow colour was chosen to make him appealing to men and women, designer Toru Iwatani said that blue would exclude women and red or pink would exclude men. The name was based off the common Japanese phrase for opening and closing of the mouth, Paku Paku Taberu. Originally Pac Man was supposed to be called Puck Man when the game hit American shores, but due to the worry of vandalism and changing Puck to a profanity, it was quickly changed to Pac Man. Pac Man was brought to American and quickly became a hit in arcades and made the simple yellow ball one of the most recognizable figures. In a survey taken about recognizable video game figures, Pac Man was rated the highest at 94% of the people knew who he was.GamesPac Man started out as a single game. The game Pac Man quickly became a smash hit on both Eastern and Western shores. Due to this fact Namco quickly extended the loveable circle into more and more games. The series quickly expanded into Ms. Pac Man, Super Pac Man, Pac Man Plus, Jr. Pac Man, Pac and Pal, and more. The series has been one of the only to be published for over 20 years. Pac man was also moved into 3D games when Namco decided to make Pac Man World, a 3D adventure game loosely based on the principals of collecting dots. In all his years of appearing in games, Pac Man has always been and will be one of the most recognizable and used game characters of all time.


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Top Definition
In online sex play, a guy who plays a female avatar but only goes after other chicks.
I asked CuriousYellow023 to cyber but that mensbian said he only wants to do women!
dodane przez iano lipiec 18, 2006
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
A gay man. Used for a word that can only be used towards male homosexauls because gay can be used for both.
Sally: Oh my god, look at Timmy he is so cute?
Roger: Yeah but he is a mensbian.
Roger: Yeah but he is a mensbian.
dodane przez Rainbowofpeace czerwiec 01, 2010


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on February 22, 2013 - 8:29 AM
A $130 million project to upgrade Ralph Wilson Stadium gained a necessary state approval Thursday.
The Empire State Development board of directors approved a general project plan for the stadium renovation and extension of the Buffalo Bills' lease. The approval is one of several steps Erie County and state officials must take to formalize a memorandum of understanding with the team on a 10-year lease agreement.
The cost of the renovations will be split among Erie County, New York State and the Bills.
In addition, the state and the county have agreed to share stadium operating costs, game day expenses and team subsidies during the agreement.
Officials expect to finalize the deal in late March. Once all of the approvals are in place, including from the National Football League owners, construction is slated to begin later this year. The major portion of the stadium upgrades are expected to be finished in 2014.


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The Civil Aviation Registry is responsible for developing, maintaining, and operating national programs for the registration of United States civil aircraft and certification of airmen.
Civil Aviation Registry Branches
- Airmen Certification Branch
- Aircraft Registration Branch
In our continuing effort to improve the quality of service to our stakeholders, Flight Standards Service (AFS) would appreciate any comments you may have on our services and how to improve them. Your participation in meeting our goals for continuous improvement is greatly appreciated.


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COLUMBIA — There is a common theme to almost all 11 of South Carolina's College World Series trips. Only once did the Gamecocks play their initial NCAA tournament games on the road — 2003, when they traveled to Atlanta for the regional, then got a home super regional.
No. 18 USC's chances of hosting a regional this season could hinge on its next three series, all against challenging opponents — this weekend at home against No. 17 Kentucky, next weekend at No. 3 LSU, and the following weekend at home against No. 2 Vanderbilt. After that, USC will have just two series, against currently unranked Georgia and at No. 16 Mississippi State, as well as the Southeastern Conference tournament, to make its case for regional hosting.
Coming off being swept at Florida, the Gamecocks can feel somewhat optimistic entering the Kentucky series, because they pounded the College of Charleston, 10-6, on Tuesday night.
USC (28-10) had 14 hits, shortstop Joey Pankake and right fielder Connor Bright, of Wando High School, each drove in three runs, including a two-run home run by both players. Charleston (20-16) started freshman Player Loving, and he was done after an inning-plus after he allowed five hits and five runs.
But concerns remain for the Gamecocks, who might not have closer Tyler Webb this weekend. Two pitchers who they probably will need in middle relief were not entirely effective against a Charleston team that entered Tuesday hitting .264.
Starter Forrest Koumas allowed four hits and four runs in 21/3 innings, increasing his ERA to 7.80 in eight outings. He was pitching for just the second time since March 22. His other outing since then was a mess, too — an April 3 start at Furman, in which he allowed four hits and three runs in 31/3 innings.
Koumas said he is pain-free after elbow surgery last summer. He said he isn't being hampered by his new, more over-the-top throwing motion that pitching coach Jerry Meyers wants him to use to limit elbow stress. But control continued to be an issue for Koumas on Tuesday.
"When you get behind, you've got to start throwing balls over the middle, and that's when the other team does its damage," Koumas said.
Webb could miss his second straight series because of an elbow muscle strain. There is nothing structurally amiss with Webb's arm, and MRIs have encouraging USC coach Chad Holbrook. Depending on how a doctor visit goes Thursday or Friday, and how Webb feels when he plays catch, he could throw against Kentucky. At this point, Holbrook said it's a matter of whether throwing will exacerbate Webb's pain, and how much pain Webb can manage.
"(Some pain) might stay with him the whole year, whether we pitch him this weekend or not," Holbrook said.
Replicating Webb's 0.75 ERA in 24 innings wasn't going to be easy. Moreover, it is unreasonable to expect USC's hitters to knock out 14 hits and 10 runs in most SEC games, just as the Gamecocks cannot rely on their starting pitchers to always throw seven-plus innings, or bank on Adam Westmoreland, their only consistently effective middle reliever, to produce successful, long stints on three straight days.
Holbrook believed World Series-tested senior starter Colby Holmes could capably handle the late innings. At least on Tuesday, he remained spotty. He struck out two of the five batters he faced in the ninth, but also allowed two hits and a run, increasing his ERA to 4.39.
Holbrook thought Holmes' velocity would increase when he could pitch aggressively in a shorter outing, and Holbrook said the velocity Tuesday was "as good as it's been the whole year." Holbrook attributed some of Holmes' glitches Tuesday to the fact that he pitched 12/3 innings on Saturday, and hoped better outings awaited, if indeed Holmes has to take on this new role.
"I think there will be even more of a difference when he's fresh," Holbrook said.


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As Immunotherapy Revolutionizes the Cancer Treatment...
Developers of DTC Genetic Testing Are...
Expanding Use of NGS Has Largely...
LC-MS Gains Favor Due To the...
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) collectively pertain to a phase in protein biosynthesis that involves changes in a polypeptide chain, resulting in a fully functional protein product.
The completion of the Human Genome Project has generated an extensive compilation of genotypic information, yet these sequences further undergo adaptations during translation, producing a wide variety of proteins that play specific roles in the normal physiology of the cell. Current proteomic efforts have thus focused on understanding how cellular activities are governed by proteins.
Proteomics, or global protein analysis, appears to be more challenging than genomic analysis. First, the isolation of intact proteins and the analysis of each amino acid within a polypeptide chain are often plagued by issues relating to its biochemical properties. Advances in instrumentation have identified mass spectrometry as the most promising technology in protein analysis.
Coupling this technique with computational tools has allowed scientists to further enhance the speed and accuracy of protein identification, characterization, and quantification. Also known as "next-generation proteomics," this approach has been developed to complement the existing next-generation DNA sequencing technology.
The application of mass spec to large-scale PTM profiling of O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation proteins in the mitochondria as well as the elucidation of their important roles in the development of diabetes and heart failure has relied on the use of chemoenzymatic labeling for the enrichment of protein samples for better detection and analysis.
"The detection of O-GlcNAc modifications remains a bottleneck that restricts further research in this field," explains Junfeng Ma, Ph.D., a postdoctoral research fellow at the laboratory of Gerald W. Hart, Ph.D., at the department of biological chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. The detection of O-GlcNAc modification can be done by classical biochemical assays (e.g., O-GlcNAc-specific antibodies) and by mass spec. However, mass spec is the only powerful and high-throughput tool for site mapping.
"The difficulties of unambiguous assignment of O-GlcNAc modification sites in proteins lie in two major aspects: 1) the glycosidic bonds are liable in gas phase and therefore the O-GlcNAc moiety is lost with the traditional collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry; and 2) the O-GlcNAc modification is generally of rather low abundance, making it even more challenging to detect," says Dr. Ma.
Dr. Ma and others tried to address these issues. After successful trials of several methods, they developed a more robust and reliable method that can be applied to diverse samples by more laboratories worldwide. Dr. Ma describes a newly refined method for the enrichment and identification of O-GlcNAc proteins.
For this method, 1) O-GlcNAc groups in proteins/peptides are tagged with azido sugars by using a mutant galactosyltransferase; 2) with the use of a multifunctional reagent, the tagged peptides are captured via the click chemistry on solid phase followed by mild release with chemical cleavage; 3) the released peptides are readily detected by electron transfer dissociation mass spec, which can keep the O-GlcNAc moiety intact and therefore is very useful for O-GlcNAc detection, as demonstrated by collaborator Weihan Wang, Ph.D., at the chemistry department, University of Virginia.
In comparison to previous methods (e.g., antibody-based enrichment and hydrophilic chromatography), the newly developed capture-and-release approach shows higher selectivity, specificity, and sensitivity. The applicability of this method has been tested with individual proteins, mitochondrial samples, and others. Of particular note is that for the first time, they have identified tens of O-GlcNAc proteins in mitochondria.
"By combining the new O-GlcNAc enrichment method and the well-established phosphopeptide enrichment methods, we are doing a larger-scale PTM profiling of O-GlcNAcylated and phosphorylated proteins in mitochondria, which might provide a novel insight for the elucidation of the etiology and development of diabetes and the related diabetic cardiovascular diseases," Dr. Ma concludes.
An on-tissue mass spec imaging method has facilitated analysis of glycosylation PTMs associated with different cancers for E. Ellen Jones, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Richard Drake, Ph.D., professor and director of the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) Proteomics Center, and her colleagues.
Through a collaboration with Anand Mehta, Ph.D., of the Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, and Thomas Powers, a graduate student at MUSC, they have extensively characterized the precise glycan structures and sites of glycosylation.
"This new mass spec-based glycan imaging approach combined with on-tissue protein N-glycanase F (PNGaseF) digestion allows us to spatially profile released N-linked glycans in their local microenvironment. The method has been designed to facilitate the tissue analysis of the cell surface glycan changes that occur with cancer progression and other diseases, while maintaining pathology-compatible preparation workflows," says Dr. Jones.
She further explains that matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spec imaging (MALDI-MSI) has primarily been utilized to spatially profile proteins, lipids, drug, and small molecule metabolites in tissues, but it has not been previously applied to N-linked glycan analysis.
"Using this basic approach, global snapshots of major cellular N-linked glycoforms are obtained, including their tissue localization and distribution, structure, and relative concentrations. Depending on the tissue type used, generally 20–30 N-glycan species are detected simultaneously.
"The method has been applied to multiple frozen tissues, with emphasis on human prostate cancer, renal cancer, and different therapeutic mouse xenograft cancer tissues. Our initial data suggests that this method can be used to identify multiple N-glycan species reflective of the many changes that occur during the transition of organ-confined tumors to the metastatic phenotype, linked directly to histopathology data," discusses Dr. Jones.
She also explains that off-tissue extraction of glycans from similarly processed tissues, permethylation, and further mass spectrometry analysis has confirmed these structural designations.
"The glycan profiles are also readily applied to MALDI-MSI imaging data of proteins and lipids in the same tissues, moving toward a more complete biomolecular spatial profile of targeted tissues. These translatable workflows using MALDI-MSI and on-tissue PNGaseF digestions are in continued development, and can readily be applied to any tissue type of interest," mentions Dr. Jones.
Efforts are also ongoing to use the mass of the identified glycans to identify the specific glycoproteins that were carrying the glycans using high-resolution glycopeptide analysis approaches on a Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer.
In terms of using algorithms and software in investigating PTMs, several scientists have embarked on different approaches in capturing as much information across various tissues and conditions. Nuno Bandeira, Ph.D., assistant professor at the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at UC San Diego, focuses his research on the premise that various PTMs generate characteristic signatures in mass spectrometry data.
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Christine Brennan @cbrennansports
How can a nation of 315 million have such trouble finding 1 young man & 1 young woman to skate pairs together for, say, 5 yrs? #Omaha2013
1:31 PM - 26 Jan 13
Although Castelli/Shnapir have been together longer, interesting that only this year did they reach the Nationals podium.
In any case, congratulations to them for their win.
And the standing O for Zhang/Bartholomay was well-deserved.


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on May 19, 2013 - 7:59 AM
Died May 12, 2013
NEW YORK – Activist Cynthia Brown, one of the guiding forces at the international advocacy group Human Rights Watch, has died at age 60 after fighting cancer.
Brown started with Human Rights Watch as a researcher in 1982, focusing on the Americas. In 1990, she went to Chile for two years for the organization. In 1993, she became its first program director, overseeing every report it published.
Human Rights Watch, which said Brown died last Sunday in Manhattan, describes its mission as striving to protect human rights worldwide by focusing attention where those rights are violated and giving voice to the oppressed.
Executive Director Kenneth Roth said Thursday that Brown "played a central role in establishing the high standards that have come to define Human Rights Watch."
"She was principled and uncompromising – and played a big part in making Human Rights Watch that way," he said.
The organization credited Brown with helping to create its strategy of putting together documentation of abuses along with advocating in Washington, D.C., for the U.S. government to withhold military and political support of governments in other nations accused of violations.
Brown also was instrumental in the formation of Human Rights Watch's division dedicated to women's rights, involved in putting together the framework and helping get money for it and finding the staff for it.
She remained in the position until 1999 and then continued to work with the organization in roles on the policy committee and elsewhere.
Human Rights Watch said Brown is survived by her daughter and two sisters.


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ARCast.TV - Craig Morris on Mobile Application Architectures
- Posted: Jun 08, 2009 at 9:52AM
- 1 comment
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This session had less take away points from an architect's perspective.
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on February 2, 2013 - 1:00 AM
VA Medical Center offers excellent care
The Buffalo VA Medical Center is an excellent institution. Veterans in Western New York are fortunate to have a hospital of its caliber to go to for health care. All institutions are staffed by people, and only one perfect person has ever walked this earth.
I have studied the mechanics of the insulin pen and the technique used to inject insulin from it. The risk of cross-infection is present, but remote. I will be surprised if a patient is found to be infected with a blood-borne virus from another patient due to use of the insulin pen. If it does occur, I am confident that the patient will receive prompt and competent treatment.
The strident outrage of Sen. Charles Schumer and some of the media has done nothing to help the situation and has unduly alarmed patients and their families. We should all remember that the staff of the Buffalo VA, especially those who work in the emergency room, surgery and other areas where invasive procedures are done, are at constant risk of infection from the patients they treat.
Thomas J. Konopka
North Tonawanda


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quote: Um in case u missed something pal, Apple is designing its own SOC. It's spent billions to acquire the world's top chipmaking startups, design houses etc. and the license from ARM. Now it will make a chip that will blow away everything to date.
quote: It doesn't have it's own leading-edge CPU manufacturing plants, Apple has to rely on the likes of Samsung, Global Foundries or TSMC to actually make it's chips.And lets face it, Intel has always had an edge in manufacturing.
quote: Unlike Intel or Microsoft Apple knows how to make the best product in the world. It doesn't have disasters like Windows 8.
quote: Meanwhile, Apple loses more ground.
quote: Dont put words in my mouth spin boy. I didnt say they were doomed. Apple could release nothing new for 3 years and they would still be in the market selling the iPhone
quote: What I am saying is as a consumer, there are better options out there with more phone and more features for your $. People are catching on to that fact.
quote: you still can't beat decades of solid teams making the fastest processors on earth.


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The page you were looking for, http://www.peace.edu/alumni/gift-planning/alumni, cannot be found.
Welcome to the Office of Advancement
Our office exists to connect you - our alumni and friends - to William Peace University, its students and to each other. Choose to stay informed, stay involved and stay connected.learn more
Meet the Staff
We're here to help our alumni stay informed, stay involved and stay connected. Contact us to set up a reunion, participate in travel, and create a book club. We're also booking Alumni Meet & Greets with Dr. Brian C. Ralph!learn more
AB President's Corner
Welcome back! I hope you choose to stay informed, stay involved and stay connected this year and every year. And, I hope to see you back on campus at one of the many events we have planned for 2015-16!learn more


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Top Definition
When a spliff burns faster on one side than the other resulting in an overhanging flap of paper.
"Oh, quick dude! Burn that boaty!"
"This spliff is boaty-ing like a bitch."
"This spliff is boaty-ing like a bitch."
dodane przez DMMan marzec 03, 2008
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
Link to Boat Race/Face - an in fashion or popular thing to do/wear etc
"Does this clobber im wearing to Candy Club tonight look boaty or not"
dodane przez j.d89 sierpień 12, 2009
a good looking individual. derives from cockney rhyming slang 'boat race' - 'face.
"look at her over there, she's proper boaty"
dodane przez hernandoz wrzesień 30, 2013
A nautical device used for impregnating boys and tidying ale up. Usually furry of body and partially bearded of face. Rarely found in the UK due to summer migration to Cyprus, Prague, Amsterdam etc. Often stored in sub-terranian bars, esp. in the Aldwych area of London.
Aha, BOATY!
dodane przez sweet wrzesień 08, 2003


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(1) Create development and redevelopment areas or districts and to define the boundaries of those areas or districts;
(2) Cause project plans to be prepared, to approve the project plans, and to implement the provisions and effectuate the purposes of the project plans;
(3) Establish tax increment financing funds for each development or redevelopment district;
(4) Issue tax increment financing obligations and pledge tax increments and other revenues for repayment of the obligations;
(5) Deposit moneys into the tax increment financing fund for any development or redevelopment district;
(6) Enter into any contracts or agreements, including, but not limited to, agreements with project developers, consultants, professionals, financing institutions, trustees and bondholders determined by the county commission to be necessary or convenient to implement the provisions and effectuate the purposes of project plans;
(7) Receive from the federal government or the state loans and grants for, or in aid of, a development or redevelopment project and to receive contributions from any other source to defray project costs;
(8) Exercise the right of eminent domain to condemn property for the purposes of implementing the project plan. The rules and procedures set forth in chapter fifty-four of this code shall govern all condemnation proceedings authorized in this article;
(9) Make relocation payments to those persons, businesses, or organizations that are displaced as a result of carrying out the development or redevelopment project;
(10) Clear and improve property acquired by the county commission pursuant to the project plan and construct public facilities on it or contract for the construction, development, redevelopment, rehabilitation, remodeling, alteration or repair of the property;
(11) Cause parks, playgrounds or water, sewer or drainage facilities or any other public improvements, including, but not limited to, fire stations, community centers and other public buildings, which the county commission is otherwise authorized to undertake to be laid out, constructed or furnished in connection with the development or redevelopment project. When the public improvement of the county commission is to be located, in whole or in part, within the corporate limits of a municipality, the county commission shall consult with the mayor and the governing body of the municipality regarding the public improvement and shall pay for the cost of the public improvement from the tax increment financing fund;
(12) Lay out and construct, alter, relocate, change the grade of, make specific repairs upon or discontinue public ways and construct sidewalks in, or adjacent to, the project area: Provided, That when the public way or sidewalk is located within a municipality, the governing body of the municipality shall consent to the same and if the public way is a state road, the consent of the commissioner of highways shall be necessary;
(13) Cause private ways, sidewalks, ways for vehicular travel, playgrounds or water, sewer or drainage facilities and similar improvements to be constructed within the project area for the particular use of the development or redevelopment district or those dwelling or working in it;
(14) Construct any capital improvements of a public nature;
(15) Construct capital improvements to be leased or sold to private entities in connection with the goals of the development or redevelopment project;
(16) Cause capital improvements owned by one or more private entities to be constructed within the development or redevelopment district;
(17) Designate one or more official or employee of the county commission to make decisions and handle the affairs of development and redevelopment project areas or districts created by the county commission pursuant to this article;
(18) Adopt orders, ordinances or bylaws or repeal or modify such ordinances or bylaws or establish exceptions to existing ordinances and bylaws regulating the design, construction and use of buildings within the development or redevelopment district created by a county commission or governing body of a municipality under this article;
(19) Enter orders, adopt bylaws or repeal or modify such orders or bylaws or establish exceptions to existing orders and bylaws regulating the design, construction and use of buildings within the development or redevelopment district created by a county commission or governing body of a municipality under this article;
(20) Sell, mortgage, lease, transfer or dispose of any property or interest therein, by contract or auction, acquired by it pursuant to the project plan for development, redevelopment or rehabilitation in accordance with the project plan;
(21) Expend project revenues as provided in this article; and
(22) Do all things necessary or convenient to carry out the powers granted in this article.


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SUPERSEDED (click for Active standard)
Active (view current version of standard)
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for using fluorescent UV light, and water apparatus intended to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed to sunlight (either direct or through window glass) and moisture as rain or dew in actual usage. This practice is limited to the procedures for obtaining, measuring, and controlling conditions of exposure. A number of exposure procedures are listed in an appendix; however, this practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the material to be tested.
Note 1—Practice G151 describes performance criteria for all exposure devices that use laboratory light sources. This practice replaces Practice G53, which describes very specific designs for devices used for fluorescent UV exposures. The apparatus described in Practice G53 is covered by this practice.
1.2 Test specimens are exposed to fluorescent UV light under controlled environmental conditions. Different types of fluorescent UV light sources are described.
1.3 Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are covered in ASTM methods or specifications for specific materials. General guidance is given in Practice G151 and ISO 4892-1. More specific information about methods for determining the change in properties after exposure and reporting these results is described in ISO 4582.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This standard is technically similar to ISO 4892-3 and ISO DIS 11507.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and Related Materials
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
CIE StandardCIE-Publ. No. 85: Recommendations for the Integrated Irradiance and the Spectral Distribution of Simulated Solar Radiation for Testing Purposes Available from Secretary, U.S. National Committee, CIE, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
ISO StandardsISO 4582 Plastics--Determination of the Changes of Colour and Variations in Properties After Exposure to Daylight Under Glass, Natural Weathering or Artificial Light Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 19.040 (Environmental testing)
UNSPSC Code
UNSPSC Code 39101605(Fluorescent lamps)
|Link Here
|Link to Active (This link will always route to the current Active version of the standard.)
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.
Citation Format
ASTM G154-00ae1, Standard Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatus for UV Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2000, www.astm.orgBack to Top


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Top Definition
A small villiage in Suffolk, England. Barton Mills is a really boring place, there is nothing there. Not even a post office. Its full of old people and new familes. Its dull dull dull.
Person One - I live in Barton Mills
Person Two - Ooo, unlucky mate.
Person Two - Ooo, unlucky mate.
Beküldő: WhattaGleeek 2010. december 27.
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?


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Hague Tabbed Top MAC Golfer for Third Time this Fall
MUNCIE, Ind. -- After firing a school-record round of 5-under par 66 during the Hoosier Fall Invitational, Ball State's Jenna Hague was selected as the Mid-American Conference Women's Golfer of the Week.
A junior from Burlington, Ontario, Hague has now earned the award three times this fall and eight times in her career.
Hague tied for sixth place at the Hoosier Fall Invitational along with teammate Sarah Westaway. Her second-round 66 was the lowest in school history by three strokes and was part of her three-round total of 217 at Hickory Stick Golf Club in Greenwood, Ind.
Hague and Westaway led Ball State to a fourth-place finish in a strong field of 16 teams that included eight of the top 100 in the country. The pair also helped the Cardinals set the school record for lowest 54-hole score at 888.
Hague beat three of the other four top-100 golfers in the field and moved into to a tie for 80th in this week's Golfstat individual national rankings.
The Hoosier Fall Invitational was the final event of the fall season for Ball State, which will now take a break from competition until February.


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By Katie Kuba
Senior Staff Writer
West Virginia State Board of Education member and Elkins resident Jenny Phillips has demonstrated that she's a woman of her word.
Article Photos
Just as she said she would at a Nov. 15 state board of education meeting, Phillips officially resigned from her post, effective Dec. 31, in a letter to Gov. Earl Ray Tomblin dated Dec. 27.
At the Nov. 15 meeting, Phillips - along with board member Priscilla Haden - announced her intention to resign from her post in protest of former state superintendent Dr. Jorea Marple's abrupt firing, which blindsided the two board members as well as many teachers and administrators in the education community.
According to the Associated Press, Haden also followed through on her pledge to resign, also sending the board a letter on Thursday.
Phillips emailed a copy of the Dec. 27 resignation letter to The Inter-Mountain, in which she had written, "It is with a great deal of sadness that I am tendering my resignation to the West Virginia State Board of Education. I can no longer serve on the board that shows such a lack of regard for a person's reputation and livelihood as was done in the firing of Superintendent Jorea Marple."
"Whatever true reason for their action I may never know," Marple's letter continues, "but their action displayed a lack of caring or consideration for Dr. Marple. She had devoted her life to education and illegal action destroyed any further achievement she may have made for children."
The "illegal action" is a reference to what some believe was a violation of the open meetings law that allegedly occurred when the board voted 5-2 to fire Marple without specifically listing a recommendation for her termination on the agenda of the Nov. 15 meeting.
On the heels of the controversial vote on Marple's firing, the board convened in executive session a second time to discuss appointing then-Deputy Superintendent Chuck Heinlein to replace Marple. Shortly after, board president Wade Linger said he wanted Randolph County Superintendent of Schools Dr. James Phares to serve as Marple's long-term replacement.
When it met Nov. 29, the state board reaffirmed its decision to terminate Marple, again by a vote of 5-2. But in response to widespread public outcry, board president Wade Linger announced the board's intention to conduct a comprehensive nationwide search.
However, Linger said the board still needed to appoint a short-term state superintendent of schools while the search was being conducted.
During its Dec. 12 meeting at Lincoln County High School, the board voted unanimously to appoint Phares state superintendent of schools on a short-term basis over the only other candidate who had been nominated - assistant state superintendent Dr. Kathy D'Antoni.
Phares accepted the position and said he would submit his resignation - which goes into effect Dec. 30 - to the Randolph County School Board at its Dec. 17 meeting.
Despite their support for Marple, Phillips and Haden said they voted to appoint Phares to the post because they believed he was the best person for the job.
"Within our discussion, Dr. Phares was the best candidate," Phillips told The Inter-Mountain following the Dec. 12 vote. "He's big and bold. He's a great leader."
In her resignation letter, Phillips also expressed her hope that the state board will continue to address issues surrounding children in 'out-of-home' situations," which she made one of her main priorities during her term of service.


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R521 Trac-Lites Flat Back Cylinder Head
Trac-Lites flat back cylinder head with baffle features drawn steel housing with polycarbonate stem. Medium base porcelain socket with nickel plated copper screw shell. 90 degree vertical aiming capability and 358 degree rotation. Copper alloy contacts provide precise spring action. True, positive electrical ground. On/off switch included. Patented embossed polarity arrows on bottom of adapter. Spring-loaded locking latch with embossed polarity arrows secures trac light to trac. Pull-up contact to up position for use on two-circuit trac. Compatible with Trac-Lites, Trac-Master, and Trac-Master 2-Circuit track. Finish available in white with a white baffle. One 50W R20/PAR20 lamp for use with R521, one 65W BR30 or 75W PAR30/PAR30L for use with R522, lamp not included. Ul/cUL listed.
About Juno Lighting
Juno Lighting Inc. is one of the largest manufacturers of recessed and track lighting including Trac-Master®, Trac 12, Flex 12, Trac 12/25, and recessed downlights. Juno was founded in 1976 with the vision of offering high quality lighting fixtures that are attractive, well-engineered and easy to install. Aculux is a comprehensive series of high-performance architectural-grade recessed luminaires. Juno designs, manufactures and markets track, recessed and linear undercabinet / casework lighting products for a broad range of retail, commercial and residential applications.


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Yzerman's last 2 years kept him from being 2nd overall along with the fact that Howe and Messier as well as Francis played 150-200 more career games than Yzerman.
To the OP, I'm going to parrot what others have already said. Yzerman was the better Red Wing, Lidstrom the better player. That said...
I actually came here to refute this point by saying that Stevie's body broke down in later years, and he no longer would've been able to compete with a purely offensive game. I still think this is true, and I don't believe he would've lasted 12 more seasons that way.
I took a quick peek at the all time scoring leaders, and it is not unfeasible (hi, double negative!) that he could've taken the number two all time spot if things had gone differently. Had he even played one more season in the real world, he definitely would've ousted Dionne, and possibly even taken the #4 spot from Francis had he remained healthy (given his numbers from his last two seasons -- 75gp, 55p and 61gp, 34p).
With him only 132 pts behind Messier even with his switch up to two way play, I could honestly have seen him topping every other forward all time save for the Great One.
2 Mark Messier EDM, NYR, VAN, NYR 1756 1887 1.07 3 Gordie Howe DET, HFD 1767 1850 1.05 4 Ron Francis HFD, PIT, CAR, TOR 1731 1798 1.04 5 Marcel Dionne DET, LAK, NYR 1348 1771 1.31 6 Steve Yzerman DET 1514 1755 1.16
...of course then we'd have exactly zero cups, and people would be talking about how he was the best centerman never to win the big one...
Another thing, Demers was the one that turned Yzerman into a 2-way centre. Bowman took over and had the 1991 draft done and a team that got stacked with Lids, Federov, Konstantinov and then had the Grind Line and Shanny added along with Larionov and Fetisov. That team was a raging hard-on that just needed the right system. The same thing he did when he had the Penguins back to back championships with the likes of Lemieux, Jagr, Francis, Coffey, Barasso, Stevens and so on. They just needed organization to win the cup.
And I'd put Yzerman ahead of Lemieux on the all time list at centre in a heartbeat, as well as Gretzky. Centres need to be responsible on both sides and Yzerman was far superior to Lemieux and Gretzky in every way but point totals. I'd sooner put those 2 on Yzerman's wing and make a super line and have Sakic as my 2nd line centre who was the closest comparison as stated by someone else above for Stevie Y.


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5 Pieces of Advice Every High School Graduate Should Get
#2. Don't Base Your Education Decisions Around Your Friends
Telling an adult 20 years out of high school that she shouldn't base life-shaping decisions on what her friends are doing will likely get you laughed out of the room while dodging her jutting middle fingers. But I can't even begin to tell you the number of people I knew who went to a particular college simply because their friends were going there. And even further, chose specific classes so that they could be in them together.
Unless you're both going to school for the same exact degree, chosen because it's legitimately what you both want to do, regardless of what the other thinks, doing that is stupid. But understandable.
Masters in erotic massage.
The idea of separating is unthinkable to friends who have been together as long as you have. Hell, even if you've only known each other through four years of high school, that's still almost a quarter of your life. The thought of taking that next major step without them is just flat out frightening. And plain ol' common sense tells you that if you go different directions during these college years, you're going to grow apart and eventually disconnect. Unfortunately, yes, it does happen.
No, not always -- my best friend and I have never lost contact, even though I lived all over the country in a time when the Internet wasn't a thing. You have the advantage of email, texting, webcams, chat rooms, instant messengers, and a shitload of easy ways to keep in touch. It's totally up to you to make that happen. But what you can't do is alter your life and dreams because you're afraid of missing a friend for a few years. This is your first real test of adulthood, and it's not an easy one. The one huge downside to becoming an adult is that life doesn't ease you into it. It just grabs you by the hair and jams its big ol' hairy balls in your face. No warning. Just balls.
No. -Editor
But planning your life around what they're doing is a disservice to you both. If he wants to be a teacher, he's going to choose a school that's known for producing job-securing teachers. If you want to design software for dildo-molding machines, the teachers' college probably isn't going to help you much. And no matter what either of you decide to do, being apart gives you both the priceless experience of navigating life on your own.
#1. Brace Yourself for the Removal of Authority
I mentioned a while back that self-control is the hardest skill you'll ever have to master. When you move out on your own, the absence of someone to make sure your room is clean and that you're taking your medicine is a total mindfuck. But that's only a small part of the real shock.
For pretty much the first time in your life, those people you used to hold up as infallible fountains of knowledge are now on the same level as your fuckup friends. They're not authority figures anymore -- they're peers. And that means that when you do something wrong around them, they no longer have the ability to punish you. Not in the traditional sense, anyway, like sending you to your room or taking away your Dustin Diamond VHS sex tape collection. In a way, that's actually preferable, though.
What did you not understand about the word "no"? -Editor
Now they're much more dangerous, because the only punishments they can deal out are turning your ass in (if what you've done is illegal) or, more likely, disassociating themselves from you, which can actually be far more damaging. Because now, you've lost a contact. A job reference. A ride when your car breaks down. A friend to bring over a shovel when life shits in your driveway. A mentor to show you all the tricks to unfuck yourself from the hundreds of situations that they never bothered to teach you in school.
It can still be worse, though. They could actively fight against you. "I wouldn't hire that guy. He's a total dumbass, and he will sink your business simply by standing inside the building." See, that's the problem. They no longer associate with you because they have to. Their role as teacher and protector is over. Now, if they associate with you, it's because they want to. And if you're not the type of person they want to be around, you will find out that life can be one tough, cruel motherfucker to try and master on your own.
"Fuck you, buddy, I'm out of here. Good luck going through life not knowing how to angrily fly away."
I'm not telling you that when you step into the real world, it's all fire and brimstone and gnashing of teeth. I'm just saying that you need to brace yourself right now because you're about to be thrown into the sink-or-swim end of the pool, and the lifeguards only come on duty if they feel like you're worth saving. Don't worry, you're worth saving. And you'll do just fine. I just want to give you enough of a warning so that you have time to brush up on your dog paddling.
See the weird side of John on his Twitter and his Facebook fan page.


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|ALS Capabilities Reveal How Like Can Attract Like
A Berkeley Lab research team working at the ALS has observed an unusual pairing that seems to go against a universal scientific truth—that opposite charges attract and like charges repel. Led by Berkeley Lab chemist Richard Saykally and theorist David Prendergast, researchers demonstrated that, when hydrated in water, positively charged ions (cations) can actually pair up with one another.
Through a combination of x-ray spectroscopy, liquid microjet technology, and first principles theory, researchers observed and characterized contact pairing between guanidinium cations in aqueous solution. This cation-to-cation pairing was predicted earlier, but it has never before been definitively observed. The guanidinium cation pairing is significant because it may mean that other similar cation systems can pair this way as well—and that could have implications for biology. For example, guanidinium is the side chain of the amino acid arginine.
Guanidinium is an ionic compound of hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon atoms whose salt—guanidinium chloride—is widely used by scientists to denature proteins for protein-folding studies. This practice dates back to the late 19th century when the Czech scientist Franz Hofmeister observed that cations such as guanidinium can pair with anions (negatively charged ions) in proteins to cause them to precipitate. The Hofmeister effect, which ranks ions on their ability to "salt out" proteins, became a staple of protein research even though its mechanism has never been fully understood.
In 2006, Kim Collins of the University of Maryland proposed a "Law of Matching Water Affinities" to help explain "Hofmeister effects." Collins's proposal holds that the tendency of a cation and anion to form a contact pair is governed by how closely their hydration energies match, meaning how strongly the ions hold onto molecules of water. Saykally, who is a faculty senior scientist in Berkeley Lab's Chemical Sciences Division and a professor of chemistry at the University of California Berkeley, devised a means of studying both the Law of Matching Water Affinities and Hofmeister effects. In 2000, he and his group, led by graduate student Kevin Wilson, incorporated liquid microjet technology into the high-vacuum experimental environment of ALS beamlines and used the combination to perform the first x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements on liquid samples. This technique has since become a widely used research practice.
With the liquid microjet technology, a sample rapidly flows through a fused silica capillary shaped to a finely tipped nozzle with an opening only a few micrometers in diameter. The resulting liquid beam travels a few centimeters in a vacuum chamber and is intersected by an x-ray beam before being collected and frozen out. In analyzing their current results, which were obtained at ALS Beamline 8.0.1, researchers concluded that the counterintuitive cation–cation pairing observed is driven by water-binding energy, as predicted by theory.
The chemical information that one can extract from such experimental data alone is limited, so researchers interpreted the spectra with a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and a first principles theory method for calculating x-ray spectra. Development of this first principles theory method was led by Prendergast, a staff scientist in the Theory of Nanostructures Facility at Berkeley Lab's Molecular Foundry.
The researchers found that the guanidinium ions form strong donor hydrogen bonds in the plane of the molecule, but only weak acceptor hydrogen bonds with the π electrons orthogonal to the plane. When fluctuations bring the solvated ions near each other, the van der Waals attraction between the π electron clouds squeezes out the weakly held water molecules, which move into the bulk solution and form much stronger hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. This release of the weakly interacting water molecules drives the contact pairing between the guanidinium cations.
Research conducted by: O. Shih, G.C. Dallinger, J.W. Smith, K.C. Duffey, and R.C. Cohen (Univ. of California, Berkeley); A.H. England and R.J. Saykally (Univ. of California, Berkeley, and Berkeley Lab); and D. Prendergast (Berkeley Lab).
Research funding: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), and the National Science Foundation. Operation of the ALS is supported by DOE BES.
Publication about this research: O. Shih, A.H. England, G.C. Dallinger, J.W. Smith, K.C. Duffey, R.C. Cohen, D. Prendergast, and R.J. Saykally, "Cation-cation contact pairing in water: Guanidinium," Journal of Chemical Physics 139, 035104 (2013).
ALS Science Highlight #286


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Temperatures dipped below freezing from Oregon to Dallas to Arkansas to Washington D.C. last weekend, continuing a trend of accidents and power outages.
Ice storm causes havoc from Oregon to the White HouseUPDATED 2:48 AM EST Dec 09, 2013
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