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Sola Scriptura, the NT Canon and the Church - Printable Version
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Sola Scriptura, the NT Canon and the Church - John Charmley - 19-07-2008
Dear Brothers and Sisters in Christ,
Recovering from a fairly serious back problem, I have been unable to post for a while, except sporadically, but I have had time to do some reading, as well as converse with a couple of Anglican friends. One topic which came up might be of interest and prompt others to join in, and that was the question of the place of Tradition in the teaching of the Orthodox Church as opposed to the more Protestant view of Sola Scriptura.
One of my friends, who maintains the position that the C of E is a Protestant Church, casually remarked that 'of course, like the Catholics, you lot prefer your blessed tradition to the plain word of God in Scripture.' I tried to persuade him that this certainly misrepresented our view (and that it probably did the same for the RCs), but this is what I wrote to him.
I would be grateful for corrections, of course, and for comments.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The difficulty with your position is that it can only be held by a Church which came into existence after there was a canon - and since my Church predates the canon, we should have looked rather silly for a long time proclaiming sola scriptura. Let me try to explain as best I can my understanding of these things - but do remember I am a recent convert to the BOC and may well speak in even more error than you say I do on other matters!
The canonical gospels are thought by many scholars to be amongst the earliest written; this I have from: Streeter, The Four Gospels (1930); Hanehman, The Muratorian Fragment (1992); J.A.T. Robinson, Redating the NT (1976); Metzger, The Canon of the NT (1987); but they were not the only ones in circulation.
Papias, who is the first witness to mention or quote any known gospel tradition writes (as recorded in Eusebius) of St. Mark:
Quote:This, also the presbyter (John?] said: Mark, having become Peter's interpreter, wrote down accurately all that he remembered, not indeed in order, of the things said and done by Christ. For he had not heard the Lord, nor had he followed Him, but later on, as I said, followed Peter, who adapted his teaching to the needs of his hearers, but with no intention of giving a connected account of the Lord's discourses, so that Mark did nothing wrong in thus writing down single points as he remembered them. For to one thing he gave attention, to leave out nothing of what he heard and to make no false statements. HE 3:39.15He adds in HE 3.39.16:
Quote: 'So then Mark collected the oracles (logia) in the Hebrew language, and everyone interpreted as he was able.'
We only have those parts of the writings of Papias preserved by Eusebius, but in HE 3:39;4 he writes something instructive:
Quote:If anyone ever came who had followed the presbyters, I questioned him in regard to the words of the presbyters, what Andrew or Peter or Phillip or Thomas or James or John or Matthew, or any other of the disciples of the Lord, say. For I did not think that information from books would help so much as the word of a living and abiding voice.So, that's how people in the early Church preferred their information - not much sola scriptura there, because there was no sole source.
Papias is, I think, the earliest to quote from any known written gospel traditions, but preferred the 'living and abiding voice' to the written word; nor was he the only one. The German scholar, Koester, in his Synoptische Uberlieferung bei den Apostolischen Vaten (1957), shows that gospel citations from the Apostolic Fathers are more likely to be drawn from oral traditions; either that, or they are quite extraordinarily free quotations from anything written, so different are they. (OK, this is my rusty German at work, but Hanheman agrees!)
Written gospels became used increasingly only as the oral tradition became unavailable because of death. These gospels were associated with various local Churches, and in the early second century there are no signs that any of them had all 4 that we use. Marcion, for example, employed only Luke, and there is no sign he knew any others.
The only surviving codices from the first half of the second century appear to have contained only one work each, with only one exception. The Fayyum fragments (P75) which includes Luke and John is the first multiple gospel codex we have - and that is c. 175-225 AD. The Egyptian Codex, P45, is the earliest fourfold gospel codex and is dated to the first half of the third century.
Again, this suggests that it was not until the later second century that codices of the 4 gospels were in circulation, which reinforces the idea that local Churches followed local tradition, which included the gospel they knew and the epistles handed down locally. We also know from Eusebius that the texts were enlarged to add stories from other traditions.
Thus we see a picture in which Christian communities gradually became aware of a variety of gospel texts and other documents of Apostolic origin. It is not until Justin Martyr (Dialogue) that we have direct quotations from more than two gospels. But Justin also cites saying of the Lord which are not in any of the 4 gospels, suggesting he had access to a compilation of the sayings of the Lord.
The Diatessaron which you seem to think implies a confusion, does no such thing if we place it in this context. Tatian's work was one of several 'harmonies'. which suggests that the fourfold gospel canon was still not established, and men felt it fine to combine written and oral sources from local tradition. Indeed, Tatian had all 4 gospels, but his harmony of them was accepted as having the same status; again, no canon evident around the 180s. Indeed, not until after the establishment of the canon was the Diatessaron replaced - and Tatian used not only the 4 gospels but also 'the gospel according to the Hebrews'. There are also parallels with the Coptic Gospel of Thomas.
In short, Tatian, like the rest of his contemporaries, knew many gospel traditions and considered none canonical (the same is true of the work of Victor of Capua, 546, and Theophilus of Antioch). Nowhere before Irenaeus (c.180-9) do we have a mention a fourfold gospel canon (Adv. Haer. 3.11.11). He suggests that by the end of the second century a canon of 4 gospels was being argued for.
We see the same story of adaption and tradition with the Pauline corpus. The East accepted a collection of 14 epistles as early as Origen - but the West did not do so until the late fourth century.
So, it is not until the 4th century that we get the Church, through its Councils, taking decisions about what was and was not canonical. I, of course, like to quote St. Anthansius' festal letter to you, but since you lost the last copy I sent, you can jolly well track it down for yourself.
Any way, this is too long, and I shall share it with my friends on the BOC. But I guess what I am saying in such a long-winded way, is that it is only thanks to the Church that you know what is and is not canonical in the NT. Your decision to accept the Church's book but not its reading of it is, of course, at the core of what divides us - but, I hope, does not embitter the cordial acerbity of our correspondence.
As I say, comments, corrections and additions all welcome.
In Christ,
- Fr Gregory - 21-07-2008
The debate about Scripture and/versus Tradition which John raises is an important one. It is vital that all Orthodox are adequately informed when discussing the subject.
Alas, unlike John, I am much less patient in such discussions that I probably should be.
For example, a young Baptist pastor sought, not long ago, to convince me of the evils of trying to add Tradition to Scripture.
?We should rely only on the Bible? he declared.
?Which Bible?? I replied. He looked confused.
?THE Bible? he said, producing the floppy black KJV which at least in Sydney is the constant talisman of Protestants (the really radical might go for a NKJV or even something more recent ? but apparently it always has to be black and floppy).
?How do you know that?s the Bible??
?It says so on the cover.?
?But how do you know it?s the right Bible containing the right texts??
?Because it?s sold in our church bookstore.?
?How does your church know it?s the right Bible containing the right texts??
?Because the text has always been the same.?
?So in the 1st or 2nd centuries Christians were reading this very Bible??
Early Church history rarely being a strong point for Protestants he had to think a while about this tricky question. Even the pastor might have known that the KJV was a little later in origin than the 2nd century.
?Well, not in the 1st and 2nd centuries.?
?Well, when did this Bible come into being? Who decided what texts should be included? Who decided what texts should not be included? And why??
?The books of the Bible are there because there the books of the Bible.?
?How do you know??
?Because there in the Bible.?
The discussion was clearly going nowhere.
?Surely the books of the Bible are the books of the Bible because the ancient Fathers of the Church decided what constituted the Canon of Scripture? And decided that other books were not part of that Canon??
?Well, I guess.?
?Are the books of the Bible listed in one of the books of the Bible??
?So the Canon of Scripture is defined by the teachings and writings of the Fathers which are not part of the Bible??
?I guess ? but they were inspired by the Holy Spirit.?
?Of course. But we only know what is Scripture because it is part of the Tradition of the Church. No Tradition, and we might be including the so-called ?Gospel of Judas? in our Bible.?
?But that?s not in the Bible?.?
Scripture is defined by Tradition, and therefore Scripture is a part of Tradition. No Tradition and we?re left with a free-for-all grab for any early Christian texts which might be around. I didn?t explain to the young pastor that, if we accept that the Church through Tradition defines the Scriptures, then we might then want to recognize that the Scriptures can only be interpreted in the light of Tradition.
Of course, both appeals to Scripture and appeals to Tradition can, amongst the theologically illiterate lead to madness. My local ultra-conservative Baptist Church doesn?t allow the use of an organ because it?s not Scriptural (although why they haven?t gathered together an orchestra of musical instruments specifically named in Scripture I don?t know). The local True Genuine Greek Orthodox Church doesn?t allow electric light in the church because it is not Traditional. Strangely, they allow electronic amplification. If I ever have an empty few days I might ask the Bishop there to explain?..
Fr Gregory
sola sciptura, the nat canon and the church - kirk yacoub - 21-07-2008
Dear John and father Gregory,
A succinct explanation of Tradition is given on
www.syrianorthodoxchurch.org/library/articles.html
Kirk Yacoub
- John Charmley - 24-07-2008
Dear Fr. Gregory,
How I sympathise.
Here's another way of putting your point - though I warn you that when I do it it is usually to prolonged silence.
They claim to follow what is in the book, and when asked who canonised the book, tend to say 'God'. Well, let us look at two of the earliest books for a moment.
One of the oldest extant copies of the Scriptures, the fifth century Codex Alexandrinus includes 1 Clement amongst the rest of the Scriptures as we have them. The other ancient surviving text, the Codex Sinaiticus includes The Epistle of Barnabas as well as The Shepherd of Hermas.
These are two of the earliest surviving manuscripts of the Scriptures and they have in them books that are not included in the Scriptures we all now use. Who was it decided to leave out 1 Clement, Barnabas and Hermas? If it was God, then why are these books in the earliest manuscripts? Had Sola Scriptura existed then (and as we know it didn't), then they'd have been telling us these books were there because God put them there. Well, they are there, and there in the earliest complete books.
Fortunately, the Church did not receive a book, it received the orthodox Faith by oral and written tradition, and that Faith enabled it to see that whilst Clement and co, were books that could be read for edification, they were not in the same league as the other books in the two Codices.
I really can't see why a Sola Scriptura Christian doesn't insist on what is in the earliest books - that would be a consistent line to take. Accept the earliest books, not those edited by the Church.
Mind you, if they did that, they'd have to stop telling us how to interpret the Bible
In Christ,
Re: sola sciptura, the canon and the church - John Charmley - 24-07-2008
kirk yacoub Wrote:Dear John and father Gregory,
Dear Kirk,
That's a great explanation. This was my attempt at explaining it to a Protestant friend - and I was relieved when I read your link to see I was in the same place!
Perhaps it is my want of experience in this that prevents you understanding my explanations of what the Orthodox mean by 'Holy Tradition'. I shall try to find you a site, but until then, here's my final go.
Tradition is that which is handed on. How was the Lord's message handed on? In the first place orally. He told those who listened to Him, and He commissioned the Apostles to carry the word on - including St. Paul. Where do we find that word now, since all who heard it are in repose?
We find it in the writings of the Apostolic and sub-Apostolic era. One of the oldest extant copies of the Scriptures, the fifth century Codex Alexandrinus includes 1 Clement amongst the rest of the Scriptures as we have them. The other ancient surviving text, the Codex Sinaiticus includes The Epistle of Barnabas as well as The Shepherd of Hermas, so we can see that the early Church did not make the same distinction we came to between what was and was not canonical.
This decision was reached, on the basis of the traditions received, by the early Councils. So, the Holy Scriptures themselves are an essential element of how we receive that tradition. But if we accept the canon of the Church, we also accept those books it found edifying - the Apostolic Fathers, as good for our spiritual growth. In addition, we read the early Church Fathers, whose writings also form part of the tradition of hearing and reading the word of God.
Another major source of tradition is the Liturgy of the Church; in our doxologies we express our beliefs, and in the Eucharist we encounter the Truth of the Risen Lord. Anyone who really wants to see tradition in action just needs pop into an Orthodox Church.
Now I can give him your link and he'll bem if no happier, a lot better informed!
Many thanks, Kirk,
In Christ,
- John Charmley - 11-08-2008
Dear Kirk,
I don't know my friend was happier with the link - but he is certainly thinking things over, so our little discussion has been of some use to at least one searcher
I have been trying to suggest to him that there may be a problem with effectively relying on only one part of Holy Tradition. There never was, after all, a heretic who could not quote Scripture; but I can't recall one who was able to ground himself in the Scriptures, the Councils, the Fathers and the the Liturgy. Over reliance on any single area will produce distortions.
In Christ,
Re: Sola Scriptura, the NT Canon and the Church - Rick Henry - 27-08-2008
John Charmley Wrote:. . . the question of the place of Tradition in the teaching of the Orthodox Church as opposed to the more Protestant view of Sola Scriptura.
Dear BOF Discussion Community,
It shouldn't be this way probably, but frankly I don't have a very high level of interest in debating this question anymore than I do traditional Calvinist and Arminian schools of thought. And, this is because rarely is there a listening on the part of the participants to what each other is saying, and often there is a lacking of information on both parts as it relates to the other's tradition.
So why am I here posting in this thread? It is just to add the comment that to consider (or pit) the Tradition of the Orthodox Church in relation to the Protestant doctrine of Sola Scriptura is really an unfair thing to do. In many ways it is like setting up a match between a champion boxer and a paraplegic propped up in a wheel chair. But, it is done all the time.
What I mean is that Sola Scriptura isolated from the rest of the doctrines of the Reformers (as if it was the only pillar of the Protestants) is a stupid thing. I think this goes without saying. But, this was not the only pillar of the Reformers was it? There were others not the least of which was:
sola fide, sola gracia, and sola Christe
and as these come into play as it relates to the reading and the understanding of the written Word, as taught by some viz. Barth, there will still be room for disagreement between the Orthodox and the Protestants; but, as it relates to the doctrine of Sola Scriptura the discussion moves to a much different arena. Sola Scriptura presented in light of fides, gracia, and Christe alone is no longer without defense, it is no longer something to be viewed as the product of a mad German theologian operating in a state of stupor.
So, I guess I'm not really sure what the real point of my post is here, but, for what it's worth I think I am just trying to point out that any conversations about Sola Scriptura should really include more of a big picture understanding of what is implied (and possibly assumed).
In the End, I think it is very possible that these two traditions need each other desperately. Maybe I should go find a Protestant website and start a thread titled "A Generous Protestantism?"
In Christ,
- John Charmley - 27-08-2008
Dear Rick,
You make a good point. We shouldn't set up straw men, even if some Protestants appear to do so. Sola Scriptura should not, as you say, really mean simply the individual's interpretation of Scripture. I have never quite understood what the Protestants do mean by it - so any light would certainly illumine my darkness!
In Christ,
- Rick Henry - 27-08-2008
Dear John,
I hope you do not view my last post as some sort of 'drive by posting' and I hope you will forgive this very poor answer (which is actually a non-answer) about 'what the Protestants do mean by it.' But, this is not a short answer essay question by any means. And, I do not want to insult you by throwing some book titles at you as a non-answer. But, (knowing this would not be labor of love on my part) I'm not sure I have the energy to get going on a survey here to look at the different views which is what would be required because there is no such thing as the Protestants in terms of a unified particular group--I don't think there ever was. And, this is why I say there is no such thing as "the Protestants" when it seems appropriate. In fact, it seems the only time I ever hear the word Protestant anymore (with some exception) is when someone who is not a Protestant has a craving to play a little Aunt Sally because possibly they are tired of bayoneting the scarecrow in their backyard and kicking puppies isn't as fun as it used to be.
While I think if Luther could have seen into the future he would have kept his mouth shut and broken all of his pens, he might not have been disappointed at all with the writing of Karl Barth on the Word of God in 1:1 of Barth's 13 vol. series. And, I bring this up because this book in tandem with another that I have been skimming in the book store and looking for an excuse to purchase:
Amazon.co.uk: Christianity's Dangerous Idea: The Protestant Revolution--A History from the Sixteenth Century to the Twenty-Fi.
is how I think I would attempt to wade into this question. I've got a birthday coming up in a couple weeks, maybe I'll ask for this and if you are up for it give it a shot through these vehicles which I think could possibly offer something remotely resembling a short course. This is a crazy thing though in my opinion because even though most "protestants" seem to view Barth as a heretic, what he writes about in his first volume is what I feel is behind the majority view of Sola Scriptura as well as what is found in the Holy Tradition of the Orthodox Church.
Actually, McGrath has a new book out on Natural Theology that I'd rather have, maybe both if I'm lucky. So we will see . . . assuming you have no problem with second hand sources John. Now about this Churchill guy, just who exactly was he and why did he do the things he did?
Peace to the readers.
In Christ,


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on July 13, 2013 - 11:44 PM
, updated July 14, 2013 at 12:09 AM
A penchant for piping up is something everybody seems to recall when they talk about working with Doug Marrone. They remember it mostly with fondness … and maybe a bit of exasperation.
Says his college coach, Syracuse University legend Dick MacPherson: "If we were doing things and he didn't think they made sense, he'd let you know."
Says his former Syracuse linemate Bob Brotzki: "He was never afraid to express his opinion."
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Standing tall
Leaders are born, not made, the saying goes.
In the case of the 6-foot-5 Marrone, the gift of size was in his genes. He was the biggest kid in his class all the way through grade school. He was 310 pounds when he walked onto the Syracuse campus as a freshman in 1982. Size, it seems, has gone hand in hand with his assertive nature and enhanced his willingness to both stand up for himself and speak up his whole life.
"When I was 5, someone came up to me with a knife and robbed my bike," Marrone said. "I ran home. I remember my dad and uncle got in a car with a baseball bat and went looking for the guy. I never got another bike. But in my own mind, I was like, I'm never going to let anyone take anything from me again. Poor decision."
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All of that helped Marrone, who admits he was "rough around the edges." On the field, Marrone started for three years at right tackle. Off the field, he was known as a locker room advocate, a cage-rattler.
"Obviously we all change tremendously since those days," said Brotzki, now an assistant athletic director at Syracuse. "Even way back, winning was very important to him and being good at what he did was very important to him. … We had three line coaches in three years. There was a lot of questioning because it was three different philosophies, three different systems, three different styles of coaching."
Says Marrone: "I was never a big fan of, 'This is what we're doing. Why? Because we've always done it this way.' I never bought into that. Why do we do it this way? I always wanted to know the reason or purpose. I don't know how it was instilled in me or why."
Marrone said that in his playing days there were times "when I probably wasn't the best player," referring to his tendency to question authority, not his play. "I called up Coach Mac a year or two after I left the program and I said, 'I just want to apologize. I finally got it.' He said something like, 'Well, you weren't always the brightest guy.' "
Marrone was drafted by the Raiders in the sixth round in 1986. He wound up playing in five NFL games – four with Miami in 1987 and one with New Orleans in 1989. He had stints with Pittsburgh, Dallas and Minnesota, then finished his career by playing two seasons with the London Monarchs in the World League in 1991 and '92.
"At the end of the day, I was just never really good enough to really hold on," he said. "I was just good enough to play all five positions, to maybe stick around and make it right at the end. But barring anyone being injured, it always came down to the last cut. It gave me a great appreciation for what the players do and how we handle releasing players."
Starting at the bottom
Coaching had not been Marrone's dream – until his playing career ended.
"I was planning on going to law school, and I took the LSAT," he said. "I applied to two universities, Syracuse being one. I had an opportunity to go to law school. I was thinking about what I wanted to do, but I loved football so much I went into football."
To this day, Marrone keeps on his desk a cover letter that he sent to the University of Tennessee regarding a coaching position.
"It's to remind me that the day I come into work and I'm not as enthusiastic about my job as I was when I first wrote that letter, then I really shouldn't be doing what I'm doing."
He had offers to go to Cortland State as a volunteer tight ends coach or to Southern California as a graduate assistant. He sought advice from former Syracuse aide Jim Tressel, who was coaching Youngstown State at the time and would go on to coach Ohio State.
"We sat down in the lobby the night before the game," Marrone said. "I said, 'What do you think?' He said, 'Do you think you know enough people in the industry?' I said, 'Yes, I do know a lot of people in the industry.' He said, 'Then what you need to do is take the job that gives you the most responsibility.'
"So I took the Cortland State job. My first year I didn't get paid at all."
That led to a job as offensive line aide at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy, coached by Bill Schmitz, who had coached with the Monarchs.
"He offered me the job, and it might have been $7,000 a year," Marrone said. "I took it. He was shocked. He made me sign a napkin. That was my first coaching contract, on a napkin at some restaurant in New London, Conn."
Marrone immediately cut his salary in half, giving $3,500 to good friend and former Monarchs teammate Danny Crossman to join the Coast Guard staff. Crossman is now the Bills' special teams coach.
"My thought process was the better coaches we can get, the better job we can do," Marrone said.
The next year, Marrone was at Northeastern coaching the offensive line, and in 1995, he moved to Georgia Tech to be director of football operations. George O'Leary, who recruited Marrone to Syracuse, was Tech's coach.
"You have to get a break or lucky or whatever you want to call it," Marrone said. "You look at my resume and people say, 'Where was the break?' The break was from Northeastern to Georgia Tech. That's a big leap."
O'Leary made Marrone director of football operations, doing all kinds of administrative tasks the head coach didn't want to do. Marrone reported directly to Athletic Director Homer Rice, himself a former NFL head coach.
At the end of the season, Rice called Marrone in for a talk.
"He had a plan," Marrone recalled. "He said, 'I'm going to give you a title as assistant athletic director. Then I'm going to move you over to finance. … Then we're going to get you a job at a mid-level school to be an AD.' He said, 'I guarantee you you'll be an AD at a major Division I football school before you become a head football coach.' "
Marrone said: "Coach, I want to be a football coach."
Replied Rice: "I'm sorry to hear that."
A coaching foundation
O'Leary had a quality staff, and Marrone got great training over the next four years from offensive guru Ralph Friedgen, a master at using multiple personnel groupings, formations and motions. Also on the staff was Bill O'Brien, who became best friends with Marrone and is now Penn State's head coach.
"Ralph Friedgen was the offensive coordinator at San Diego when they went to the Super Bowl," Marrone said of the 1994 Chargers. "Then he became the offensive coordinator at Georgia Tech. Myself and Billy worked for Ralph. Work ethic. Attention to detail. Sleeping in the office. He was a grinder. He's a helluva football coach. That was my foundation as an offensive coach."
In 2002, Marrone's offensive education took another leap forward when the New York Jets called him out of the blue to interview for their O-line coaching job. Marrone knew no one with the Jets, but during the course of their search a couple of people had mentioned his name.
Says Marrone: "I remember in the interview they asked me: 'Now if you're coaching in the NFL, how are you going to change? These guys are getting paid to play, they're professionals. Tell me how your coaching style is going to change?' "
"I looked them dead in the eye and said, 'I'm not changing. Either I'm the right person for this job or I'm not the right person for this job.' "
Good answer. He got the job.
Herman Edwards was the head coach, and Paul Hackett was the offensive coordinator. Hackett taught Marrone the West Coast offensive system, with its emphasis on precise, quick passes and stretching the field horizontally as well as vertically.
Hackett, the father of Bills offensive coordinator Nathaniel Hackett, got used to Marrone's relentless search for the best blocking schemes.
"I grew to understand and respect what a tremendous football mind he is," Hackett said. "His questions are not just to make you think he knows something. They're questions that have depth to them. And they're questions that come from the players he's coaching."
Four years later, when Edwards was fired, Marrone landed with New Orleans and head coach Sean Payton, whose offense is also rooted in West Coast principles. Marrone's title was offensive coordinator and line coach, but Payton called all the plays.
Marrone says he learned a lot offense and leadership from Payton.
"It's important for us to communicate to those around us, whether it's sports or business, of the direction we're going," Marrone said. "I think that's the biggest thing you need the ability to do. Sean Payton was very, very good at it. Herman Edwards was very good at it. It has to be from your heart. It has to be with great clarity. It can't be a mixed message."
With Payton as head coach and Drew Brees taking over at quarterback, the Saints turned into winners overnight. Marrone got good reviews from his players.
"I learned the most as a professional while playing for him," said 10-year NFL veteran Jeff Faine, who spent two seasons with Marrone. "He's a tremendous teacher. He paid attention to details. That's one of his biggest things. He challenged us and made us play in some cases I believe better than our capabilities."
Faine recalls Marrone didn't mind 'why' questions, either.
"I distinctly remember being in a meeting with the entire offense, with Coach Payton running it, and Doug and I used to sit in the front row, right next to each other," Faine said. "There was something we went over – a specific look on a specific play that we were running as a line, and I strongly disagreed in front of the whole offense with the way Doug was approaching it. … He was open to my suggesting, open to how strongly I felt about it, and we ended up changing it. He said, 'OK, let's go that route.' "
"The longer I played, the more I realized it's not something that happens a lot," Faine said. "He's really willing to see things from others' perspective."
Even in 2007 and 2008, Marrone was on the NFL radar as a head-coaching candidate. He was interviewed by an executive search firm the NFL hires each year to identify "high-potential" assistants. About 10 aides are picked each year, and the one-hour interviews are sent to all 32 clubs.
But Syracuse came calling before any NFL team, and Marrone jumped at the chance in 2009 to become his alma mater's head coach.
Turning the Orange around
The Orange had gone 26-57 over the previous seven seasons and had finished last in the Big East Conference four straight years. Of 119 teams playing major college football, Syracuse ranked 114th on offense and 101st on defense the season before Marrone's arrival.
"I follow college football recruiting closely, and Syracuse was terrible," said NFL Network analyst Ross Tucker, a former Bills lineman. "Nobody wanted to go there. Guys were going to Temple instead of Syracuse. They were an absolute joke. He turned it around."
Marrone quickly set a disciplined tone, in contrast to his laid-back predecessor, Greg Robinson.
At one of the first offseason conditioning drills he oversaw as head coach, he took the players outside in sub-freezing temperatures. The players wore cold-weather gear. Marrone wore a T-shirt, shorts and a hoodie. Early in his first season, he gathered the players one morning and had them clean the locker room so they could take more pride in where they spent their day. He required players to dress in a suit and tie on game day instead of sweat suits. He required they sing the Syracuse alma mater song before leaving the field. If players were late to class, he would have their photos put on TV monitors in the weight room.
"He went back to the basics," said tackle Justin Pugh, a first-round pick of the New York Giants in April. "He made sure we did all the little things, and I think that was huge in turning the program around. He started off the field. There was no earrings in the building, no hats in the building. We all had to wear the exact same outfits working out. He wanted everything to be like there were no questions you had to ask. You went to class on time. We had class-checkers.
"Before he got there," Pugh said, "kids weren't going to class, they weren't getting the work done, they weren't graduating. His whole thing was, 'If you do the little things off the field, you'll be the guy making the play on the field – filling the A gap when you're supposed to.' " Roughly two dozen players wound up leaving the program.
"Those were guys who didn't want to do the little things right," Pugh said.
"Those were guys who weren't going to go to class and didn't want to get to workouts on time and wanted to be out late when we were in camp."
Characterizing Marrone's emphasis on discipline as old-school, however, would be too simplistic. Marrone paid great attention to messaging directed at the players. He created games around offseason conditioning workouts so players could sharpen their competitive edge. He worked hard to get the buy-in from his Millennial Generation players.
"The generation that we grew up in and our parents grew up in, when someone told us to do something, we did it – period, end of discussion," Marrone said. "But we're in a different generation now. We're in a knowledge-based generation. They want to know the why and the purpose."
Given that Marrone didn't exactly embrace the 'end-of-discussion' style when he was a player, he seems like just the guy to give current players the answers they seek.
"You walk into a mall today and the stimulus – from sound to lighting – is so increased," Marrone said.
He points to the messaging that he has hung around the Bills' facility – signs that read "Don't confuse effort with results" and pictures of the Super Bowl trophy.
"You have to have those things out in front of you on a daily basis," he said. "It's a proven fact the more times you can come in and you sit down and write goals – you keep those thoughts persistent in your life – then your behavior changes."
The Orange changed their losing ways. Syracuse went 4-8, 8-5, 5-7 and 8-5 in Marrone's four seasons and won bowl games in 2010 and 2012.
"People who say look at his record – .500 – have no idea how college football works," Tucker said. "What he was able to accomplish there was so impressive."
A higher calling
As satisfying as Syracuse's turnaround was for Marrone, the most amazing feeling of revival he ever had in the game came in New Orleans. His first season with the Saints saw the team return to the Superdome for the first time in a year, after the city had been ravaged by Hurricane Katrina in 2005.
"The buildup in the city on that first game back was unbelievable," Marrone said. "We were getting ready to kick off, and it was so loud. I turned around to look at the stands, which is something I wouldn't normally do, and people were literally crying. What it told me was you can influence a region. You can make people's lives better by the sport we play. You can rejuvenate a community. It's just not about what's on the field."
Marrone knows he has an opportunity to do a similar thing for a Buffalo franchise wandering in a 13-year desert of football failure.
"That's my challenge to pull it all together. I've always believed this: When you're playing for something more than yourself, you'll play at a higher level. I don't care if it's football, what job you're in, if you feel a higher calling, you will do it better and become more dedicated to it."
email: email@example.com


text:
a stupid ass gang of nips that think that they are better than any one else. they always get killed in Califas by the East Side Longogang. They are the biggest asian gang in the US but not big enough to claim a city. even if they are the biggest they are the lamest.
the East Side Longo won the street war against the TRG with 50 homicides in 2 months. Mexicans only had 9 casualties
por Ese Stranger 26 de Dezembro de 2004


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The name of a fine homosexual. Often hits his junk against a wall to where pre-cum oozes, and then he puts it in a cup, shits in it, and then butt-gasms in to it. the name Alec is a strange ordeal. he walks like a walrus receiving fellatio. His thunder thighs sound like gunshots.
Jerry: "Oh, fuck. who is that?"
Steve:" I don't know, but he looks like a real Alec."
Steve:" I don't know, but he looks like a real Alec."
by Mr. Drag Queen February 15, 2012
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
Top Definition
the coolest person in the world. smart, funny, sexy,, just completely amazing. Most girls want him in the sack and just cant resist being around him.
damn, that alec is one sexy mother fuck
by alec p. November 16, 2006
A smart alec is generally characterized as a person who can take any argument, no matter how sound it may appear to be, and pick it apart piece by piece while offering large amounts of evidence to the contrary of the target argument, effectively forcing the opponent to realize he's a complete idiot. An alec will also mix in various subtle yet sharp insults, humorous wit, and a devastating amount of logical reasoning to add salt to the wound. This Internet personality is usually well liked and honored in the community for their intelligence, clever wit, wisdom, and strong fighting capabilities, even by those who are unlucky enough to be the butt of his assault.
"That smart alec is amazing. He's funny, clever, intelligent, witty, honest, and demonstratively loyal to all that is right and good. The only people who hate him are people who want to be like him." - Forum participant
Person A: That smart alec made me look like an idiot yesterday.
Person B: You were already an idiot before you ran into the alec. He just made you aware of it.
Person A: That smart alec made me look like an idiot yesterday.
Person B: You were already an idiot before you ran into the alec. He just made you aware of it.
by Nichole M. October 04, 2006
Well, what can you say about Alec? Not much, but still quite a lot... Alec is a TOTAL pervert, but still fun to flirt with ;) Usually, Alecs are generally good friends with Westons (who are also total perverts) and don't know when to SHUT UP sometimes. But Alecs are amazingly adorable (you could say cute, but I say HOT) and tall and kinda strange. Usually, their 7th grade pictures look like he's a Hawaiian tourist... He's a good guy, just doesn't know how to show it the right way just yet. He will someday, hopefully. And, he's DEFINATELY changed since 6th and 7th grade, so don't judge him from those yearbook pictures!!!
Me: Alec, you PERV!
Alec: hahaha yeah...
Me: Oh well!
Alec: Yeah...
Alec: hahaha yeah...
Me: Oh well!
Alec: Yeah...
by TrixR4KidsYouTard February 04, 2009
A person who's personality is so incredibly overwhelming, he shakes the earth whenever and wherever he walks. The science behind how any non-physical substance can shake the very earth is unclear. His urine is made of awesomeness. That handsome face makes everyone tremble, and only those of strong hearts can resist urinating all over themselves for the next 48 hours. Some say he is Jesus reincarnated. Others believe he is god's other, superior son. Others still believe he is simply God. coolest person to ever exist in the history of the universe... this kid will blind you with the sheer power of his awesomeness... you will drown in the epic win that is this guy.... you will go into a permanent coma if you ever saw the true extent of that guys awesomeness... he is the smartest, funnniest, coolest, most awesome, most muscular person anybody has ever known. your mind will explode with even a glimpse of the endless shiny power that is this guy.
I saw an Alec walking down the street. I can't stop urinating all over my weak body.
by ALECDARE August 12, 2009
A sweet quiet boy, Alec's generally like to read and are very polite. Well muscled but slightly "soft", Alec's never fight. Alec's are not rude, do not brag, and are very patient. They tend to like Annie's.
girl #1: Ahhh! He's sooo sweet!
girl #2: Duh. He's an Alec.
girl #2: Duh. He's an Alec.
by be cool dude January 19, 2009
The sweetest boy in the whole world!!!! If you met him you would be in ah!!! YES he is that sweet!
Katrina: That guy is such a alec!
Lilly: OMG i no!!!!!!
Lilly: OMG i no!!!!!!
by hahawaitwat June 26, 2009
A kid who looks like an orc
A four inch long nipple hair
A four inch long nipple hair
Dude i was playin lord of the rings and i saw an Alec!!!
dude you need to cut that alec.
dude you need to cut that alec.
by blonde haired midget January 15, 2010


text:
The San Francisco Bluegrass and Old-Time Festival is an all volunteer, non-profit festival bringing great music to the Bay Area. Festival ticket sales cover just a portion of the cost - the rest is underwritten by friends like you.
Please make a gift today!
How do I give?
See below to donate by mail or online.
Contact Hilary Perkins at email@example.com for more information.
Thank you for your support and please respond right away! We are counting on you!
Hilary Perkins
SFBOT Fundraising Chair
Donate by mail
Please ask a volunteer for a Donation Form or write a check to "San Francisco Bluegrass & Old-Time Festival,"
and mail it to SFBOT, 11 Chico Court, Oakland, CA 94611. Be sure to let us know if you need a receipt.
Donate using Paypal
The San Francisco Bluegrass & Old-Time Festival is sponsored by the Northern California Bluegrass Society, a 501(c)3 non-profit organization.


text:
Can anyone find the stats in the last 23 years of Wings hockey where they have had a worse 2 month start than this season? I am sure there must be a year where they started bad and were able to right the ship in time to make the playoffs.
I think I just need some example to reference so I can say, " Well, it's not as bad as it was in YEAR. They started off even worse and still finished PLACE and made it to the playoffs." the next time someone says the phrase "7 games..." to me.


text:
Main Page | Risk Factors | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment | Screening | Reducing Your Risk | Talking to Your Doctor | Living With IBS | Resource Guide
A risk factor is something that increases your likelihood of getting a disease or condition.
It is possible to develop IBS with or without the risk factors listed below. However, the more risk factors you have, the greater your likelihood of developing IBS. If you have a number of risk factors, ask your doctor what you can do to reduce your risk.
There are few known risk factors for IBS. They include:
Fauci AS, Braunwald E, et al. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine . 14th ed. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2000.
Last reviewed December 2014 by Daus Mahnke, MD
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Copyright © 2012 EBSCO Publishing All rights reserved.
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text:
Calvert wrestler Daniel Kwiat is home from Mercy St. Vincent Medical Center in Toledo, three days after suffering what his mother Karen referred to as "basically, a broken neck."
Kwiat had surgery Sunday morning, a 2 1/2-hour procedure in which doctors fused two of his vertebrae together and and inserted a metal plate.
"He's up and walking," said Keven Rinaman, Kwiat's coach at Calvert. "The physical therapist had him up and walking Sunday."
Article Photos
"He's doing pretty good," Karen said. "He lost a lot of strength in his arm. He has a tickling prickling sensation. ... Basically it was a broken neck. It was an emergency surgery he had to have.
"The thing that was shocking," she said, "is nobody told me (he had a broken neck) Saturday night. That was the first thing out of the neurologist's mouth."
Karen said Daniel wasn't allowed to move at all Saturday night, and was in "intolerable" pain. But he was doing well after the surgery, where he was joined in his room by about 20 people - including siblings Dillon and Kyle Kwiat, who like their brother were state-placing wrestlers for Calvert.
Rinaman said despite how bad the injury was, there is a recognition that things could have been worse.
"The word everyone has been using on Facebook is 'blessed' that he came through (the injury), and I'd probably have to agree with that," Rinaman said.
Daniel, who also was an all-state football player, has been told his wrestling career is over.
"Wrestling's out," Karen said. "As far as anything else, the doctor won't discuss it until the end of March."
Kwiat suffered the injury Saturday at the Midland Athletic League Meet in North Baltimore, in the 195-pound final match with NB's Dalton Ishmael.
In the moments after Daniel's injury, Karen got a text from Kyle, a national champion wrestler at Ohio Northern. Kyle had won the Pete Willson Invitational in Pennsylvania - a big college tournament - for the first time in his career.
"As he was texting me that he won the tournament, I'm laying on the mat holding Daniel," Karen said.
Karen - who is employed by The Advertiser-Tribune - was adamant about thanking the community - and others - for its support.
She said at one point, Daniel asked her if she had brought the food bag she usually carries with her for tournaments, but she had forgotten it.
"The next day people brought in all kinds of food," she said.
Karen said the outpouring of support has been tremendous, from Calvert, the community, even other wrestling coaches.
"I thank everyone for all their prayers and support," she said, "and Facebook was going crazy, I so appreciate that."


text:
To post a misleading link to a YouTube video of Rebecca Black's "Friday." Related to rickroll.
I just got blacklisted by my co-workers. How exciting!
"Glee" just blacklisted me.
"Glee" just blacklisted me.
por boogermonster 13 de Maio de 2011
A group of girls who strictly fuck black dudes/have ever touched a black man.
Charlie-"Man, Jordan and Kelsey just had an orgy with like 15 niggers!"
Bam-"No way!! Add them to our black list"
Bam-"No way!! Add them to our black list"
por CaryCorkword 30 de Agosto de 2010


text:
Gettington Coupons and Promo Codes
Our family at Gettington has designed this shopping experience with your family in mind. We want to provide a little help along the way, save you some time and hassles, and maybe even simplify life a little. And that starts by providing you the choices you need, from the great brands that we carry to a huge assortment of products, over 20,000 and growing.


text:
Align IT Tour 2011: Development Managers: Session 1 of 3: Managing Complexity with Process, People and Tools
- Posted: Apr 12, 2011 at 7:43PM
Right click "Save as…"
Enabling business innovation through collaborative software development
Do you oversee teams of developers, architects or testers? Interested in developing for the cloud? Then join me, Jonathan Rozenblit, and my fellow Developer Evangelists, Christian Beauclair and John Bristowe, as we host this series of Development-oriented sessions. We'll use real-world examples to demonstrate how you can minimize the time, cost, and risk of developing custom software applications.
Development teams are constantly challenged to deliver highly secure, quality software in an environment of growing business demand and quick time-to-market. No matter what solution is being developed, from client software to applications that take advantage of the Cloud, development managers are looking toward holistic software development approaches and best practices to help create an efficient and effective development process.
This session concentrates on these processes and explores how the Microsoft platform will help you and your team in conquering these development challenges.
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text:
The NBA draft figures to be held under a cloud of labor uncertainty this June with the NBA owners and the player's association said to be nowhere close to reaching a new collective bargaining agreement.
Nothing we haven't heard before, right, sports fans?
Even though there might not be NBA basketball next Novemeber, that shouldn't stop us from speculating on the top talent likely to test the draft waters this summer.
Kyrie Irving and Derrick Williams have superstar potential, while Marcus Morris and Kenneth Faried figure to be solid role players for many years to come.
Then of course, there are the polarizing players who have made a name for themselves throughout the college basketball season.
Jimmer Fredette and Kemba Walker went from being borderline first-round picks to lottery locks by shining brightly in the biggest of moments.
Now, the only question is who will land where?
Read on for a complete first-round mock draft and pro projections for all 30 players poised to come off the board.
For more 2011 NBA draft coverage, check out Bleacher Report's NBA Draft hub.


text:
Culinary DelightsBesides traditional Swiss specialties like Rösti and Älplermaccaroni (Special maccaroni with cheese, etc), international menus are offered. Our guests are pampered with food ranging from coffee served with fine fruitcake to fitness platters to nutritious full course meals.
SpecialitiesThe sun-terrace is located directly at the ski run of the Felskinn snow sports area and offers a breathtaking view of the Saas mountain world.
Height: 2550 m a.s.l.
Local place name: Morenia
Mountain Train/Ski Lift
Ski Run


text:
Top Definition
Reference to B-Ball, this refers to the leakage of semen post orgasm after one has pulled up their pants. It is characterized by an unpleasant, moist, sticky feeling in one's undergarments.
Fuck dude this sucks, I got double dribble all up in you know where.
от Simon S. 14 май 2005
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
to be pounded twice anally.
Did you hear that Marco got his asshole double-dribbled by Oliver last night?
May I double-dribble your asshole?
May I double-dribble your asshole?
от the double-dribbler. 31 януари 2011
When a girl gives you head whilst she is peeing.
It takes about 12 Mike's Hard Cranberry Lemonades before Jenny will give me a double dribble.
от Mr. Tom Ace 21 март 2010
when a girl runs/walks and her breastizzes bounce
Howard: yoyoyoyoyoyoyoyoyoyo.... that hizzo double dribbled
от Kenny5 17 юни 2009
when a couple reaches orgasm simultaneously.
She might be a keeper, man, it only took us sleeping together a few times before we could double dribble.
от double dribbler 30 май 2010
Put both hands behind the partner's head while having oral sex performed.
He had no penalty for this double dribble.
от Michel Paglioral 20 ноември 2008
when someone puts both of your balls in their mouth and calls a foul
*puts balls in mouth*
She says: Thats a Technical! Double Dribbling
She says: Thats a Technical! Double Dribbling
от andrew 25 май 2004


text:
Monday, January 14, 2013
The Summerville Alumnae Chapter of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Incorporated, along with Deltas across the country will mark the beginning of the centennial celebration of the sororitys founding by 22 young coeds on the campus of Howard University n January 10.
Delta Sigma Theta is a private, nonprofit organization whose purpose is to provide assistance and support through established programs in local communities throughout the world. A sisterhood of more than 300,000 predominately Black college educated women, the Sorority currently has over 1000 chapters located in the United States, England, Japan (Tokyo and Okinawa), Germany, the Virgin Islands, Bermuda, the Bahamas and the Republic of Korea. The major programs of the sorority are based upon the organizations Five Point Programmatic Thrust: Economic Development, Educational Development, International Awareness and Involvement, Physical and Mental Health, and Political Awareness and Involvement. During the year, Deltas national and international chapters will commemorate the ideals and ideas of the Founders and the organizations mission by conducting service programs throughout their local communities.
The national centennial celebration began on New Years Day when the sorority represented in true Delta style in the Tournament of Roses Parade in Pasadena, California. The theme of the sororitys float was Transforming Communities through Sisterhood & Service. Deltas participation marked the first ever presentation by a Black Greek organization in the parade. Following the Tournament of Roses Parade, a 22-city tour of the Delta Torch, which symbolizes the passion and commitment of the organizations global reach, began in Los Angeles. The Torch Tour will conclude when Deltas convene for their 51st National Convention in Washington, DC.
The year of centennial activities on the east coast will begin on January 10th. Deltas from around the globe will converge on Time Square in New York City for appearances on the TODAY Show and Good Morning America. Following will be a Delta Caravan to Washington, DC where members will convene in sisterhood and celebration in the birthplace of Delta. The Centennial Founders Day Celebration, January 10-13, 2013 will highlight and commemorate the achievements and milestones of the last 100 years and the continuously progressive movement of the Sorority. In March, Delta Days in the Nations Capital will include a reenactment of Deltas first public act, participation in the Womans Suffrage March of 1913. And in July, record numbers of Deltas are expected to gather for the Sororitys 51st National Convention. Each of these events will take place in the nations capital.
Summerville Alumnaes local centennial celebration will include worship services on January 13, 2013 at Elem Missionary Baptist Church in Harleyville, SC and Central Missionary Baptist Church in Summerville. Additionally, on January 12th, members of the chapter will assist with a beautification project at Clay Hill Elementary School in Ridgeville, SC. The Summerville Alumnae Chapter was chartered in 1988 under the leadership of Soror Johnny Mazyck, the chapter's first president. Soror Mazyck, now a retired teacher, pledged in 1949 at South Carolina State University's Alpha Xi Chapter. She is celebrating 64 years of service to Delta. Her line name in 1949 was "The Queen" and many still consider her the queen of the Summerville Alumnae Chapter being its most seasoned Delta. Even today she offers valuable experience and knowledge chairing the Ritual and Ceremonies Committee. Soror Mazyck is proud to say that she was never hazed and never hazed. For her, being a Delta was and still is a loving experience.
Soror Doris Porter Warren, a retired English teacher, pledged in 1958 on the campus of Savannah State College in the Delta Nu Chapter. Doris noted that back in 1958, Delta was the only sorority making an impact on the community in Savannah." Over 55 years later, Soror Warren, also a past president of Summerville Alumnae, continues to serve the chapter in various capacities. She is proud that her sister and daughter all followed her legacy and became Deltas.
When Soror Kinley Allen Jamison, a retired educator, pledged in 1962 at Bethune Cookman College in Daytona Florida it was because of a prominent high school physics teacher and the young ladies in the chapter on the campus. She was impressed by their commitment to serving others and today 51 years later Soror Jamison, also a past president, continues to serve the sorority and local community.
Soror Zeddie Delee Boyd became a member in the Alpha Xi Chapter at South Carolina State University in 1962. She was attracted to Delta because the young women displayed high academic standards and high morals. As a retired educator and active member of the local chapter, Soror Boyd continues to live this legacy in her own life.
Today The Summerville Alumnae Chapter is still going strong with 138 members who passionately serve Delta Sigma Theta and the citizens of Dorchester County. Summerville Alumnae's goal is to continue to be a bright beacon in the community. Members of The Summerville Alumnae Chapter look forward with pride to the local celebration of their 25th Chartering Anniversary during April of 2013.
Delta Sigma Theta National Website: www.deltasigmatheta.org
Summerville Alumnae Local Website: www.summervilldst.org
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Hopes for a new drug to treat the symptoms of Alzheimer disease (AD) diminished again on March 3 when Pfizer and Medivation reported Phase III results showing that Dimebon failed to meet its co-primary and secondary efficacy endpoints. Pfizer had shelled out $225 million up front and agreed to pay Medivation $500 million in milestones for rights to Dimebon.
The AD drug development arena is viewed with great skepticism, fraught with expectation, and littered with failure. Yet the lure of the AD market is significant enough to keep firms that are financially capable interested. Their biggest enemy, however, may be the impact of overhyping the potential of their candidates.
Reincarnated from its life as an antihistamine in Russia, the drug has several potential activities: It may act by blocking NMDA receptors or voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and by preventing mitochondrial permeability pore transition.
Currently marketed drugs are either cholinesterase inhibitors (Eisai's Aricept, Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals' Razadyne, and Novartis' Exelon) or MMDA glutamate receptor inhibitors (Forest Laboratories' Namenda).
Pfizer's failed trial, called Connection, was part of a seven-study Phase III program to assess Dimebon across all stages of AD and in Huntington disease. The results are in sharp contrast to a Phase II study published in The Lancet in 2008 by researchers from the Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center at Baylor College of Medicine and Georgetown University. They found that Dimebon was safe and well tolerated and that it significantly improved the clinical course of patients studied.
The Baylor trial enrolled roughly 183 AD patients at 11 sites in Russia. Patients received either Dimebon 20 mg three times a day (TID), 60 mg TID, or placebo TID. Other antidementia drugs were not allowed during the study course. The primary endpoint was improvement in cognition.
The Connection trial involved 598 patients with mild-to-moderate AD at 63 sites in North America, Europe, and South America. More than 40% of the patients enrolled were in the U.S. Patients were randomized to one of three treatment groups receiving Dimebon 20 mg TID, 5 mg TID, or placebo TID for six months. No statistically significant improvements for the 20 mg TID group relative to placebo were achieved on the co-primary endpoints of cognition and independently rated global function.
The Phase III failure was not a complete surprise. The Phase II study had its skeptics, among them the director of geriatric psychiatry at New York's Montefiore Medical Center, Gary J. Kennedy, M.D. Dr. Kennedy, who had said that placebo-treated Alzheimer's patients in Russia get different care than U.S. patients and must be allowed access to existing treatments. This means that any effect of Dimebon as seen in the Phase II Baylor trial would be an improvement compared to a placebo.
While Datamonitor called AD "the ultimate high-risk, high-reward therapy market" that firm also predicted multibillion dollar sales for Pfizer and Medivation's Dimebon. The huge and, unfortunately, growing AD market makes the potential reward worth the risk to companies that can afford the requisite high stakes.
The lure of developing AD drugs can also be attributed to upcoming patent expirations for available drugs and the fact that there are no drug approvals on the horizon. On March 4, Eisai said that it expected annual U.S. sales of Aricept to fall 60% in three years, hit by the drug's patent expiration later this year.
Razadyne's patent expired in 2008, Exelon's protection ends in 2014, and Namenda goes off patent in 2015. Namenda was the last therapeutic to be sanctioned for this disease. It was cleared in 2003 to treat moderate-to-severe AD but disapproved a year later for mild Alzheimer. Myriad Genetics' Flurizan, thought to work by inhibiting enzymes that produce one form of amyloid, failed in Phase III in June 2008.
Patricia F. Dimond, Ph.D. ([email protected]), is a principal at BioInsight Consulting.
Patricia F. Dimond, Ph.D. ([email protected]), is a principal at BioInsight Consulting.
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Friday, November 29, 2013
Mark Ingram has been named the Featured Style Icon for the 2014 Charleston Weddings' Magazine Spring Bridal Show. The show, the nuptial portion of Baker Motor Company's Charleston Fashion Week is presented by Gathering Floral + Event Design and will be held under the tents on Saturday, March 22, 2014 from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. in Marion Square.
As the Featured Style Icon, Ingram will produce a runway show with the designer gowns carried in his New York-based boutique, Mark Ingram Atelier, including internationally renowned labels like Vera Wang, Oscar de la Renta, Carolina Herrera, and Lela Rose, as well as stunning samples from newcomer talents like Tara LaTour and Johanna Johnson. Recognized as one of the country's leading "wedding gurus" by The New York Times, touted as an industry expert by Martha Stewart Weddings and a regular in any noteworthy national bridal trendcasting report, Ingram says he's excited to bring his favorite new looks and new labels to Charleston. It's also something of a homecoming for Ingram, whose mother grew up in downtown Charleston, and who still has family here "west of the Ashley," he says. "I'm honored to be named Featured Style Icon," says Ingram, adding that he's especially looking forward to the March show, because, as he put it with a laugh, "Who wouldn't want to visit Charleston in the spring?"
Widely recognized as the top bridal event in the Southeast, Charleston Weddings' Magazine Spring Bridal Show features six runway shows by the city's top luxury bridal boutiques, as well as shows by up-and-coming designers, including the winner of the magazine's Emerging Bridal Designer Competition. Held in a reception-hall setting styled by Gathering Floral + Event Design, attendees to the always-sold-out event shop high-end bridal accessories while sampling savory and sweet treats from Charleston's best wedding caterers, and sipping specialty cocktails from her best mixologists.
For more information about the Charleston Weddings Magazine's Spring Bridal Show, please visit www.CharlestonSpringBridalShow.com. Find Charleston Weddings magazine on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, and CharlestonWeddingsMag.com, and for daily wedding inspiration and news check out the magazine's blog, The Wedding Row. To learn more about Gathering Floral + Event Design, visit GatheringEvents.com.
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ABU DHABI, 17 January 2012 – Industrial energy efficiency is key to sustainable industrial development, especially in developing countries, according to a flagship publication of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).
UNIDO's Industrial Development Report, launched today at the World Future Energy Summit in Abu Dhabi, urges investment in energy-efficient technologies in order to provide the economic, environmental and social dividends that will help achieve sustainable growth.
The publication, entitled "Industrial energy efficiency for sustainable wealth creation: capturing environmental, economic and social dividends", stresses that sustainable energy production is essential to overcome the major challenges the world faces today.
Presenting the report, UNIDO Director-General, Kandeh K. Yumkella, said: "A world that has just reached a population of seven billion must take into account industrial energy efficiency if it wants to address such challenges as green growth, employment generation, security, climate change, food production and poverty reduction. Industrial energy efficiency is essential for strengthening economies, protecting ecosystems and achieving social benefits."
"Improving industrial energy efficiency is key to sustainable industrial development worldwide but especially in the rapidly developing countries of the Global South. It will help realize the global green economy and green industries. Investing in energy-efficient technologies, systems, processes, training and upgrading of skills must underpin low-carbon green growth," added Yumkella.
The UNIDO report states that energy consumption could grow even faster as developing countries reduce the income gap and grapple with growing populations demanding more manufactured products. This makes it imperative to remove barriers that currently impede energy efficiency investments.
Yumkella also said that the new report was UNIDO's main contribution to the Sustainable Energy for All initiative launched by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. The initiative aims to achieve by 2030 three inter-linked global targets: universal access to modern energy services; the doubling of energy efficiency; and the doubling of the share of renewable energy in the world's energy supply.
Secretary-General Ban has appointed a high-level group for the Sustainable Energy for All initiative. The Group includes distinguished global leaders in business, finance, Governments, and civil society, and is co-chaired by UNIDO Director-General Yumkella and the Chairman of Bank of America, Charles O. Holliday.
The Industrial Development Report has a special focus on developing countries, backed by a set of unique statistics on Manufacturing Value Added (MVA), manufacturing export trends, and other key indicators. It also presents UNIDO's Competitive Industrial Performance Index.
A panel discussion followed the official launch of the report. It was moderated by the President of the United Nations Foundation, Timothy Wirth, and included the Chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate (IPCC) and Director-General of The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Rajendra Pachauri; Mexico's Secretary of State for Energy, Jordy Herrera; the Global Head of Building Automation Solutions, Senior Vice President Siemens Switzerland, Sascha Brozek; the Executive Director of the International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation Secretariat, Amit Bando; and UNIDO Director-General, Kandeh K. Yumkella.
The report is available in English, French, Spanish and Arabic here:
Background documents are available for download here:
UNIDO's Industrial Energy Efficiency Policy (IEEP) Database http://ieep.unido.org/ offers access to information on policy measures that have been implemented or planned to improve energy efficiency at national, regional or global level.
For more information on the Industrial Development Report, please contact:
Ludovico Alcorta
Director, UNIDO Research and Statistics Branch
Telephone : +43- 1-26026-3729 or 26060-3719
For more information on UNIDO, please contact:
Mikhail Evstafyev
UNIDO Advocacy and Communications Coordinator
Tel. +43-1-26026-5021
Mobile +43-699-1459-7329


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on January 30, 2013 - 8:42 PM
, updated January 31, 2013 at 9:53 AM
The city is preparing to release $4 million in federal anti-poverty funds to local nonprofit organizations, ending eight months of delay.
"This is an extraordinarily long period of time," said Diane Bennett, executive director of Benedict House, which serves people with AIDS and relies on the grant for 20 percent of its budget.
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development informed the city in June that it would not release block grant funding until the city changed the way it handled the money. Late Wednesday, Mayor Byron W. Brown said the $30 million had arrived.
The changes that HUD demanded have transformed the way the block grants flow through City Hall.
Greater oversight responsibility is now in the hands of the city comptroller and Common Council, functions that had been performed by the Buffalo Urban Renewal Agency, which is controlled by mayoral appointments.
HUD has called for similar changes in cities that employed urban renewal agencies, such as Buffalo. However, over the last three mayoral administrations, the city has been criticized for mishandling the funds, and in August a HUD spokesman said that other cities using urban renewal agencies "have not had the same problems with the way they administer their programs to the extent that the city of Buffalo has."
As the comptroller and the Brown administration have changed their operations to comply with HUD regulations, about 50 nonprofit organizations that serve vulnerable populations such as children, senior citizens and homeless people, have waited for the grants, which they typically receive in spring.
Benedict House has 34 beds that turn over throughout the year and a $1 million annual budget. The organization also had a perfect credit history but was paying shut-off notices when the money arrived Wednesday, Bennett said.
"We are thrilled that it's resolved," she said.
The city will first pay four organizations that notified the city they were severely impacted by the block grant delay, and all of the agencies that have submitted proper paperwork to the city should have the grants in the next three weeks, Brown said.
After sending the public service agencies their grants, the city will spend the remaining $26 million on street and sidewalk repair, demolitions, repairs to public facilities and economic development initiatives.
The mayor and others also will try to persuade HUD to allow the city to use more of the money to pay to board up problem properties. The city had to lay off the clean and seal team, which has seven or eight members whose salaries were paid with grant funds, and rehire them on the city side at a lower pay rate.
The team would respond to neighborhood complaints when squatters or thieves took over an abandoned house. Now the city will pay for the team's $1 million annual budget.
"The city will continue to do that, and we will continue to work with HUD to convince them this is an activity that not only stabilizes neighborhoods but puts us in a position to build up neighborhoods," Brown said.
The $30 million received by the city includes money that should have arrived last May but also some funds that should have been spent in prior years but was left over.
A budget is in place for the money from 2012, but the city must decide how to spend the funds from prior years, said Brendan R. Mehaffy, executive director of the Office of Strategic Planning.
Moving responsibility for financial oversight of the grants from BURA to the comptroller's office has resulted in three new positions in the comptroller's office. Many of the office's senior staff members have been preparing for the grants to arrive, and identified 38 areas of concern regarding the HUD grants.
"HUD has been volatile and controversial for 30 years," Comptroller Mark J.F. Schroeder said last week. "It is not going to disrupt Audit and Control in any way, shape or form. We are as prepared as we can be for this."
Dominic J. Bonifacio, Jr., president of West Side Community Services on Vermont Street, is hoping for a smoother process next year, but said that nonprofit organizations are used to waiting for government grants.
The community center, which hosts a drop-in center for children and day programs for seniors, receives about $130,000 from the block grant, he said.
"We've been getting by," he said, adding that the center could have done without the money until February or March, though he knows of other agencies that had to take out lines of credit until the federal funds arrived.
Bonifacio is also a member of the BURA board, but said as a former Council majority leader, he recognizes the need for checks and balances.
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|Central Activator Keeps the Circadian Clock Ticking
Most living organisms have adapted their physiology and behavior to match the daily cycle of light and dark generated by the rotation of the earth, operating with a period of approximately 24 hours. Molecular machines in cells ultimately control such rhythmic behavior, the details of which—the "circadian clock"—are largely conserved. To understand the inner workings of the circadian clock, researchers from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute used ALS Beamline 8.2.1 to determine the three-dimensional structure of the transcriptional activator CLOCK:BMAL1 complex, the central positive component of the mammalian circadian clock.
The circadian clock utilizes an operational logic involving a central negative feedback loop that turns genes on and off rhythmically with a period of roughly 24 hours. The positive component of this feedback loop is an activator complex containing two polypeptide subunits: CLOCK and BMAL1. The CLOCK:BMAL1 complex binds to specific DNA sequences called E-boxes, which are present in thousands of genes, activating gene transcription and function during the daytime. Among the genes activated by CLOCK:BMAL1 are those encoding the negative components of the circadian clock's central feedback loop: Cryptochrome and Period. Activation of these genes leads to the accumulation of their protein products Cryptochrome (CRY) and Period (PER), which are transported from a cell's cytoplasm to its nucleus so they can interact directly with CLOCK:BMAL1. This represses CLOCK:BMAL1-mediated transcription at night. As the amounts of the repressors CRY and PER decrease due to their autorepression and turnover, the activity of CLOCK:BMAL1 is gradually restored and a new round of transcription is activated to start a new circadian cycle. An important property of this molecular clock is that it is autonomous and maintains a roughly 24-hour periodicity even in the absence of environmental cues. This phenomenon is the end result of various components of the circadian clock interacting with each other and working together to keep the clock robust and on time.
To gain a fuller understanding of the circadian clock, researchers collected x-ray diffraction data at ALS Beamline 8.2.1 and determined the three-dimensional crystal structure of the transcriptional activator complex CLOCK:BMAL1 at 2.3-Å resolution, providing the first detailed picture of the clock's central positive components. The subunits CLOCK and BMAL1 are unstable alone, so the natural state of CLOCK:BMAL1 is always a complex (with the two peptide chains forming a heterodimer).
The peptide chains do have similar domain organization. Both contain a DNA-binding domain (called basic helix-loop-helix, bHLH) followed by two PAS (PER-ARNT-SIM) domains. However, the 3D structure of CLOCK:BMAL1 reveals that the three domains in CLOCK and BMAL1 have different spatial arrangement relative to each other. The two subunits wrap around each other tightly to form an unusual asymmetric heterodimer. While the two bHLH domains together form the DNA binding domain responsible for E-box DNA recognition and binding, the PAS domains are largely responsible for interacting with the negative components of the feedback loop (CRY and PER) and modulate the complex's activity accordingly. The asymmetric arrangement of CLOCK and BMAL1 in the complex underscores the distinct functions of these two subunits. Specifically, the PAS-A domains from CLOCK and BMAL1 are in the middle of the structure, contributing to the tight association of the two subunits. The asymmetric arrangement of PAS-B in each subunit causes different surfaces of these domains to be exposed and to interact with different transcriptional regulators (repressors, effectors, etc.).
Many previous studies showed that CLOCK and BMAL1 each has a different role in the complex despite having the same domain organization in their amino acid sequences. BMAL1 is a more general binding partner also found in complexes with other proteins participating in processes other than circadian rhythm, while CLOCK is specific for circadian rhythm control. The reason for such distinction was unclear before, but the asymmetric 3D structure of the CLOCK:BMAL1 complex immediately explains their functional differences.
Research conducted by: N. Huang,Y. Shan, C.A. Taylor, S.-H. Yoo, C.B. Green, and H. Zhang (University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center), and Y. Chelliah, C. Partch, and J.S. Takahashi (Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center).
Funding: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, American Heart Association, and the National Institutes of Health. Operation of the ALS is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES).
Publication about this research: N. Huang, Y. Chelliah, Y. Shan, C.A. Taylor, S.-H. Yoo, C. Partch, C.B. Green, H. Zhang, and J.S. Takahashi, "Crystal Structure of the Heterodimeric CLOCK:BMAL1 Transcriptional Activator Complex," Science 337, 189 (2012).
ALS Science Highlight #259


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a word used when something is really great that makes you excited, and it's so cool that phrases such as "wicked" and "super awesome x 1000" do not suffice and the above word is the best shit you could come you could come up with instead.
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