text:
Best Online Shopping Site in India
Egully.com, a premier online shopping website for everything you need is now ready to serve customers. With the goal of bringing all the benefits of online shopping such as convenience, best deals, festive season deals, competitive prices, and a large collection of products to consumers in India, we aspire to become the only destination on the Internet for your shopping needs.
We try our very best to price our products competitively against other shopping stores, whether online or offline. Apart from the great prices, we have discounts and promotional campaigns for different products and categories from time to time. Make sure to visit us daily if you want to get your next electronics, books or computer accessories at the best price. Our products range from mobile phones, tablets, cameras to home appliances and consumer electronics. In addition to offering products that are electronic oriented, we have now also started stocking home and decor products, clothes and apparels, handicrafts and softwares.
Egully.com is the online shopping site in India with the widest collection of products and brands. We have the latest consumer electronics, home appliances, books, computer accessories, health and beauty products, and more from well known brands like Samsung, Apple, Microsoft, Blackberry, Sony, Logitech, HP, Seagate and more. We are not stopping here. Everyday, we are constantly adding new products to our store so our customers can get everything they want.
Egully India brings you A Carefree Shopping Experience
As the best online shopping site in India, we accept a variety of payment methods. With our innovative payment portal, you can pay for items using credit cards, debit cards, bank transfers, Internet banking or cheque! Please be assured that all your credit card and banking information relating to transactions with us are transmitted via an encrypted secure connection.
With the arrival of Egully.com, together with the best deals and the amount of convenience that we bring you, the way you shop is going to change. In the future, you will have more time to spend with your friends and family members thanks to the amount of time saved from not having to physically visit a shopping mall.
If you have any questions about your order or encounter any problems on our website, feel free to call our friendly customer service at 011-41422323 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
We do sell old books, used books and new books. The books listed at Egully.com are NOT available for free download in ebook or PDF format.
Copyright © 2009-2013 ChannelPush. All Rights Reserved.


text:
May 5, 2016
Hononegah High School teachers could head for the picket line now that they've overwhelmingly approved intent to strike.
Since April the teachers union and the school board have been negotiating. One-hundred-eighteen teachers at the high school began the year without a contract. Now they are one step closer to a strike perhaps in October. One of the sticking points is class preparation time. The administration says money is also tight.
The next meeting between the two sides is set for September 29. If nothing comes of that meeting the teachers can call a strike.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Kenneth Ernest Mendenhall
Position: C
Height: 6-3 Weight: 242 lbs.
Born: August 11, 1948 in Enid, OK
High School: Enid
College: Oklahoma (school history)
Drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the 5th round (116th overall) of the 1970 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 51 (1401st overall since 1950)
Our primary support comes from users like you. Sponsor this page for $5. Your message will replace this ad.
Output includes all games from 1920 to 2015.


text:
U.S. Employers Added Just 69,000 Jobs in May, Fewest in a Year
U.S. employers created only 69,000 jobs in May, the fewest in a year, and the unemployment rate ticked up. The dismal jobs data will fan fears that the economy is sputtering. But it could lead the Fed to take further steps to help it.


text:
Bernhard Müller was Manager of Research and Development for Mueller Solartechnik in Offenheim, Germany. He is the inventor of the Pil Kaar, Kundu Kaar, Zèbre and Mata Hari solar cookers and modified the Primrose of Roger Bernard. Bernhard is a founding member of the Solar Cookers World Network, a member of American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), and supporting member of EG-Solar e.V.
The solar cooker production ended in 2012 (retirement). As per November 2012 Bernhard Müller limits his activities to consulting, independent solar cookers tests and publication of information on solar cooking.
Recent news and developments
- December 2012: Bernie Müller has published findings based on his experimentation with a twin Fresnel lens reflector solar cooker. This cooker was never meant to be a production prototype, and his company, Mueller Solartechnik, no longer manufactures solar cookers. As an engineering exercise, he has shown that incorporating the Fresnel lens produces quite high temperatures(278.6°C/534°F). However, the usable cooking area is small.
- Die Parabel, Brochure (German), 36 pages, ISBN 978-3-8442-4131-0, epubli GmbH, Berlin
- Das Solarkocher-Handbuch, 240 pages, ISBN 978-3-8442-4471-7, epubli GmbH, Berlin
See also
External links
Bernhard Müller
Mühlstraße 26
65760 Eschborn, Allemagne
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Web: http://www.mueller-solartechnik.com


text:
Blend: 65% Polyester / 35% Combed cotton.
Finish: Easy care.
Care: Light soil wash. Refer to Technical Bulletin RK-58 before processing.
Closure: Seven buttons w/ vertical buttonholes.
Collar: Two-piece, lined, banded, topstitched, button down.
Pocket: One hemmed spade style, triangular stitched corners.
Facing: Center front placket.
Other: Separate two-piece yoke. Box pleat back."">


text:
22 U.S. Code Chapter 7, Subchapter XXX - MIDDLE EAST DEVELOPMENT BANK
prev | next
- § 290o. Acceptance of membership
- § 290o-1. Governor and alternate Governor
- § 290o-2. Applicability of certain provisions of Bretton Woods Agreements Act
- § 290o-3. Federal Reserve Banks as depositories
- § 290o-4. Subscription of stock
- § 290o-5. Jurisdiction and venue of civil actions by or against Bank
- § 290o-6. Effectiveness of Agreement
- § 290o-7. Exemption from securities laws for certain securities issued by Bank; reports required
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


text:
What is RM Cash
User Tip: If you're unsure of your vehicle type, you may skip the machine type selection box.
Select type, make, model and year above
"Customer service is priority #1 at Rocky Mountain ATV/MC. We value our customers and strive to be the best shopping experience- when you buy from us, you are buying lifetime service."
-Dan Thomas, CEO and Founder
We take pride in offering no hassle returns. In the event of a return, please call, email or chat with us to receive a solution to the problem. For apparel that doesn't fit quite right, Click here to see our Fit Guaranteed Program.
We will stand behind all products we sell with regards to manufacturing defects in workmanship and material. Most products are limited to the manufacturer's warranty. However, we will do everything in our power to take care of the problem.
Each review submitted enters you into a $100 gift card monthly drawing, and a $500 gift card quarterly drawing!
Comments On Nov 28, 2015:The training wheels fit perfectly on the bike with no problems. They were well built and sturdy.
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Comments On Apr 18, 2013:They were easy to install and so far very durable
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Comments On Oct 24, 2012:even though my son now refuses to ride i have nothing negitive to say about them
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Comments On Sep 17, 2012:Perfect fit on my xr50.
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text:
Association for Renewable Energy Cooking Appliances (AFRECA) was formed as a division in the Sustainable Energy Society of Southern Africa (SESSA), thereby capitalizing on existing infrastructure and alignment with international networks through the International Solar Energy Society (ISES). SESSA is a section 21 company NGO that aims to support renewable energy and energy efficiency in southern Africa.
See also
External links
6 Protea Place
Southern Life Gardens
Republic of South Africa


text:
Persichetti: Divertimento, et al / Amos, Winds of the LSO
1 CD / Naxos (USA) / 2006-04-18Works: Vincent Persichetti: Divertimento, for band Op. 42; Psalm for Band, Op. 53; Choral Prelude "O God Unseen", Op. 160; Pageant for band, Op 59; Mascarade, Op 102; O Cool Is the Valley, Op 118; Parable f...
Conductors: Amos, David
Ensemble: Winds of the London Symphony Orchestra (Winds)
Vincent Persichetti was not only pivotal to the development of the symphonic band repertoire that began to flourish in the high schools and colleges of...continue...
read more Login or Create an Account to write a review


text: The handles and corners are very worn. The top edge is very discolored and fraying. It does not ship with a designer dust bag. PLEASE NOTE: In return for a little wear and tear and small blemishes, you'll enjoy big savings on this authentic, well-loved style that still offers plenty of pizazz. Be sure to read the item's condition description carefully, as all sales are final and there can be no returns or exchanges.


text:
Eliot Holdall
Product Actions
Exclusively Ours!
Ultra supple grained leather duffel with two-way top zip, rolled leather top handles and tonal suede insets at top and sides. Silver-tone hardware throughout. Large magnetic-close pockets at front and back body with two additional slip pockets concealed at back. Cotton lined interior features single leather-trimmed zip pocket and two organizational pockets. Protective metal feet at base. Includes adjustable/removable shoulder strap.
Style # 502232286
Founded in 1887, London's illustrious purveyor of luxury stationery and fine leather goods boasts a prestigious worldwide client list, generations of fans, and is a supplier to the British royal family. Tasteful and discreet, the posh Smythson heritage is evident in every stylish, understated design.
Need Help? Have Questions? Contact Us.
Please call 1.888.222.7639 to speak with a Customer Service Representative.
We're here to help you:
Monday - Friday, 9 AM - 9 PM (ET)
Saturday - Sunday, 10:30 AM - 7 PM (ET)
If you prefer email, we can be reached anytime at email@example.com.
Free Shipping & Returns on all U.S. Orders. See Details.


text:
What is RM Cash
"Customer service is priority #1 at Rocky Mountain ATV/MC. We value our customers and strive to be the best shopping experience- when you buy from us, you are buying lifetime service."
-Dan Thomas, CEO and Founder
We take pride in offering no hassle returns. In the event of a return, please call, email or chat with us to receive a solution to the problem. For apparel that doesn't fit quite right, Click here to see our Fit Guaranteed Program.
We will stand behind all products we sell with regards to manufacturing defects in workmanship and material. Most products are limited to the manufacturer's warranty. However, we will do everything in our power to take care of the problem.
Each review submitted enters you into a $100 gift card monthly drawing, and a $500 gift card quarterly drawing!
Comments On Dec 22, 2014:Now I have a place to clean the filters. Works great to let the filter soak if needed too.
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Comments On Jul 29, 2013:Works great...seems expensive, but better than using a bucket or coming up with your own design. It was worth the premium price to me.
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Comments On Jul 25, 2011:This is a big tub to store your air filter cleaner in. Is it worth the money, I would say yes as it is very durable and there is a metal grate type thing in the bottom to prevent your filter from touching the dirt that has accumulated at the bottom of the tub.
Additional Comments On Feb 24, 2013:An update, if you don't open this tub up for a while it will look like it is imploding.
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Comments On Apr 18, 2012:Alittl smaill for my filter but still works very well.
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Comments On Mar 21, 2011:kinda thin for a bucket but it should hold up
i bought two one for cleaning, one for spraying after, all my filter are dirty i clean them all at once to save on chemicals, and i store the clean ones in one of the tubs until its time to ride, i spray sum oil on one filter and go. the rest are clean waiting on the next ride.
thats how i role, storage and cleaning
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Comments On Feb 01, 2010:I bought this to use to oil my filters, so I always have a oiled filter ready to go on the bike and not have to wait while I clean the one on the bike. It holds a ton, as I dumped in roughly 12 bottles of filter oil and the cage sits high enough to allow all the excess to run into the bottom and the filter is ready to go at that point.
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Comments On Oct 25, 2007:The best. I used others.
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text:
Posted on 8/1/2014
Kim Hepler
Governor Pat MCCrory has recently appointed County Commissioner Gloria D. Whisenhunt to the North Carolina State Health Coordinating Council.
Governor McCrory noted that Commissioner Whsenhunt's service and participation on this Council will immediately make a positive impact to any potential changes in North Carolina.
Congratulations Commissioner Whisenhunt!
201 North Chestnut Street
Winston-Salem, NC 27101
Copyright © 2016 Forsyth County | Contact the Webmaster | Site Map


text:
Event Details: Neuroscience Lecture Series: Updating Emotional Memories in the Human Brain | Daniela Schiller, Ph.D. | Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Updating Emotional Memories in the Human BrainDr. Schiller's line of research focuses on the neural mechanisms underlying emotional control. Because the environment we live in is constantly changing, our learned emotional responses need to be continuously updated to appropriately reflect current circumstances. Understanding the neural mechanisms that make such emotional flexibility may shed light on the impairments leading to anxiety disorders and may also promote new forms of treatment.
This event is part of the Neuroscience & Education program's
Spring 2013
Neuroscience Lecture Series. Some of the most accomplished investigators
in neuroscience from top universities in the NYC area will be
presenting new developments in their leading-edge research on the
frontiers of
Click Here for a full list of speakers and topics
Type: Lectures & Talks
Location: Cowin Center, 147 HM
Date & Time: From 3/25/2013 3:00 PM To 3/11/2013 4:45 PM
Website: http://www.tc.edu/bbs/seminars
Contact: Anlys Olivera
Contact's Affiliation: Biobehavioral Sciences


text:
What is RM Cash
"Customer service is priority #1 at Rocky Mountain ATV/MC. We value our customers and strive to be the best shopping experience- when you buy from us, you are buying lifetime service."
-Dan Thomas, CEO and Founder
We take pride in offering no hassle returns. In the event of a return, please call, email or chat with us to receive a solution to the problem. For apparel that doesn't fit quite right, Click here to see our Fit Guaranteed Program.
We will stand behind all products we sell with regards to manufacturing defects in workmanship and material. Most products are limited to the manufacturer's warranty. However, we will do everything in our power to take care of the problem.
Each review submitted enters you into a $100 gift card monthly drawing, and a $500 gift card quarterly drawing!
Comments On Mar 24, 2015:good construction and lots of space
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Comments On Jan 05, 2015:Perfectly practical
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Comments On Apr 08, 2014:I cant believe how much I fit in this little thing. I recommend this to any one that takes long rides in the desert that doesnt was too much wieght on thier back.
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Comments On May 02, 2013:this toolpack is awsome all the pockets, and plenty of space for wrench, spark plugs or whatever. one thing they should add is a bottl holder on the outside
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Comments On Oct 03, 2012:this is a real well built tool pack as expected by anything made by fox,down fall is when bought was hard to tell in picture just how big this thing actually is,it huge, not something i would want to wear while out for a day of riding,so kinda useless,save your money, not something to buy and fill with tools and wear while riding
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Comments On Feb 24, 2012:Really nice pack! I only wish it had storage on the actual belt like some other packs. Other than that, great quality.
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text:
Reporting deal expiration, error or question for
Blue Cash Everyday® Card from American Express
Due to large number of emails that we receive every day, we may not be able to reply to all emails but we will try our best to reply most of them.
Your Name:
What are the words in the image ?
Please enter both words below, separate by space.
(This is to prevent automated spam submissions)


text:
May 5, 2016
Bay Point Golf Club hosted the final round of the Emerald Coast Golf Tour Championship Sunday.
It was a 3 man race heading into the final day as Nick Rousey and JP Van der Walt had a one shot lead over tour money leader, Jimmy Brandt.
Brandt fired a 69 on the final day bringing his total to 205 which was good enough to take the 9 thousand dollar check home.
Jimmy also said he was thrilled to get the victory because he has a marriage in the near future.
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text:
Park Place is committed to delivering exceptional service, from the minute you enter our showroom or website, throughout the life of your vehicle and beyond. Toward this end, we value any feed back or comments you may have.
About Us | Careers | Body Shop | Parts & Accessories | Research | News & Events | E-News | Privacy | Legal
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text:
Buffer underwrite
From OWASP
Revision as of 15:48, 4 August 2006 by Weilin Zhong (Talk | contribs)
This is a Vulnerability. To view all vulnerabilities, please see the Vulnerability Category page.
A buffer underwrite condition occurs when a buffer is indexed with a negative number, or pointer arithmetic with a negative value results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location.
- Availability: Buffer underwrites will very likely result in the corruption of relevant memory, and perhaps instructions, leading to a crash.
- Access Control (memory and instruction processing): If the memory corrupted memory can be effectively controlled, it may be possible to execute arbitrary code. If the memory corrupted is data rather than instructions, the system will continue to function with improper changes, ones made in violation of a policy, whether explicit or implicit.
- Other: When the consequence is arbitrary code execution, this can often be used to subvert any other security service.
Exposure period
- Requirements specification: The choice could be made to use a language that is not susceptible to these issues.
- Implementation: Many logic errors can lead to this condition. It can be exacerbated by lack of or misuse of mitigating technologies.
- Languages: C, C++, Assembly
- Operating Platforms: All
Required resources
Likelihood of exploit
Avoidance and mitigation
- Requirements specification: The choice could be made to use a language that is not susceptible to these issues.
- Implementation: Sanity checks should be performed on all calculated values used as index or for pointer arithmetic.
The following is an example of code that may result in a buffer underwrite, should find() returns a negative value to indicate that ch is not found in srcBuf:
int main() { ... strncpy(destBuf, &srcBuf[find(srcBuf, ch)], 1024); ... }
If the index to srcBuf is somehow under user control, this is an arbitrary write-what-where condition.
Related problems
- Buffer Overflow (and related issues)


text:
From Joomla! Documentation
This help15 page is actively undergoing a major edit for a short while.
As a courtesy, please do not edit this page while this message is displayed. The user who added this notice will be listed in the page history. This message is intended to help reduce edit conflicts; please remove it between editing sessions to allow others to edit the page. If this page has not been edited for several hours, please remove this template, or replace it with {{underconstruction}} or {{incomplete}}.
The visual experience of your site front-end and back-end can be controlled in the Template Manager by choosing an installed template. A default template is used on all pages, but different templates can be assigned to various pages. The Template Manager also provides editing capabilities for the main index file of the template and the stlye sheet (CSS) file.
Version Changes
In Joomla! 1.0.x the Template Manager was available from Site -> Template Manager -> Site Templates and Administrator Templates menu item. The parameters of a Joomla! 1.0 template were hardcoded, but the parameters of a Joomla! 1.5 template can be configured easily on the Template [Edit] screen.
In Joomla! 1.5 a template is a type of extensions, so the Template Manager was moved to the Extensions menu.
In Joomla! 1.0 you could have a look at the available template positions by clicking the Site -> Preview -> Inline with Positions menu item. In Joomla! 1.5 you are searching for this menu item in vain. Please click the Preview toolbar button on the Template [Edit] screen instead.
Column Headers
Template:Help screen column header Number
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Typical Usage
Template Manager can be opened from Extensions -> Template Manager menu item. The installed front-end templates are listed on the Site tab while the back-end templates are available by switching to the Administrator tab.
If you hover over the name of the template, a thumbnail image of that template is displayed. Clicking on the template name will present the template configuration screen, which provides all the basic details of the template. Parameters available for configuration appear in the Parameters pane.
Clicking the Edit HTML button will display the basic text editor, which was designed to allow minor adjustments. If you click on the Edit CSS button on the template screen, the text editor will be displayed with the style sheet file of the template. For a template with multiple style sheets, you can select which one to edit.
If you are curious about the available module positions, click the Preview button on the toolbar and the site front-end will be loaded showing you the available positions.
Quick Tips
You can switch between the already installed tmplates for the Site and the Administrator by selecting the desired template and clicking on the Default button on the upper right part of the screen.
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The templates listed in the Template Manager can be installed in the Extension Manager from Extensions -> Install/Uninstall menu item. The unnecessary templates can be removed on the Templates tab of the Extension Manager. Only those templates that may be uninstalled are displayed as accessible, the default templates (site and administrator) cannot be removed.


text:
26 U.S. Code § 1055 - Redeemable ground rents
prev | next
(a) Character
For purposes of this subtitle—
(b) Application of subsection (a)
(1) In general
Subsection (a) shall take effect on the day after the date of the enactment of this section and shall apply with respect to taxable years ending after such date of enactment.
(2) Basis of holder
In determining the basis of real property held subject to liabilities under a redeemable ground rent, subsection (a) shall apply whether such real property was acquired before or after the enactment of this section.
(3) Basis of reserved redeemable ground rent
In the case of a redeemable ground rent reserved or created on or before the date of the enactment of this section in connection with a transfer of the right to hold real property subject to liabilities under such ground rent, the basis of such ground rent after such date in the hands of the person who reserved or created the ground rent shall be the amount taken into account in respect of such ground rent for Federal income tax purposes as consideration for the disposition of such real property. If no such amount was taken into account, such basis shall be determined as if this section had not been enacted.
(c) Redeemable ground rent defined
For purposes of this subtitle, the term "redeemable ground rent" means only a ground rent with respect to which—
(1) there is a lease of land which is assignable by the lessee without the consent of the lessor and which (together with periods for which the lease may be renewed at the option of the lessee) is for a term in excess of 15 years,
(2) the leaseholder has a present or future right to terminate, and to acquire the entire interest of the lessor in the land, by payment of a determined or determinable amount, which right exists by virtue of State or local law and not because of any private agreement or privately created condition, and
Source(Added Pub. L. 88–9, § 1(b),Apr. 10, 1963, 77 Stat. 7.)
References in Text
Date of the enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), (3), means Apr. 10, 1963, the date of approval of Pub. L. 88–9.
Prior Provisions
Effective Date
Pub. L. 88–9, § 2,Apr. 10, 1963, 77 Stat. 8, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) of the first section of this Act [amending section 163 of this title] shall take effect as of January 1, 1962, and shall apply with respect to taxable years ending on or after such date. The amendments made by subsection (b) of the first section of this Act [enacting this section] shall take effect on the day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 10, 1963] and shall apply with respect to taxable years ending after such date of enactment."
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


text:
Like all good works of art, good music captivates pensive hearts and provokes listeners to do unpredictable things. The reaction oscillates from smiles to tears particularly when the song on air addresses real life issues with a rare chord of creativity.
Such was an encounter on Friday at the launch of the Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) in Dar es Salaam on Friday .When Musician Mrisho Mpoto alias Mjomba who is also a safe motherhood ambassador and his Band were performing before the gathering.
SRHR launched the alliance programme which aims at improving sexual reproductive health and rights of young people, women and marginalized groups in the country.
The SRHR in the country is receiving founding from the Dutch Government and the partners include African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF) who will operate in Kilindi district in Tanga Region, Iringa Restless Development will operate in the region, Health Education Promoters (HAPA) will carry their activities in Iramba, Singida Region and the National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) to operate in Mwanza region.
Leaders from all the above mentioned organizations and Assistant Director of Human Resource Development in the ministry of Health and Social Welfare Dr Gozibest Mutalyabarwa graced the occasion..
There was an ecstasy as the band played a popular hit Mjomba.
The atmosphere changed when two young ladies acting as pregnant women entered the stage starting to weep apparently for pregnancy pains. They were all rushing to the nearby clinic. A the clinic like many rural clinics there was only one single male nurse.
The nurse seemed to despair as all the women needed quick service which he could not do to all at once. He could not do anything but just to watch with his hands akimbo signifying desperation.
As the medical attendant was contemplating his next move, Mjomba stepped in and started narrating a touching poetic song urging the government and its stakeholders to put more efforts in curbing problems facing pregnant women in the country. The song went further in asking parents to stop their children to engage in early marriage saying that by
The seven minute song touched the hearts of many people in the room and in no time the audience invaded the stage and started dancing to the tune of Mjomba music.
AMREF thanked Mrisho Mpoto for his good performance. Commenting on the SRHR alliance programme he said its strategic goals would contribute in improving sexual and reproductive health while also promoting sexual and reproductive health rights among communities.
He also said the programme will enable young people to understand about family life and rovide information about how to avoid teenage pregnancies.
Mutalybarwa hailed Mrisho Mpoto for his performances and the song's message and noted that his ministry is doing everything possible to see that pregnant women are not working long distances in search of health services.
" May I assure all the artists who have performed here that your massages have been noted. The ministry is doing everything possible to see that women and children are not working long distances in search of medical services,"he said
"This programme launched today will help to promote the information on the rights of teenagers and the dangers of early pregnancies" he said
On his part, NIMR Acting Director General said it was time for decision makers to involve the youth in any decision making including on their sexual rights. He also said his department was carrying out a feasibility study to determine the exact requirements of the youth.


text:
Anirudh Mohanty
Member Profile
Anirudh Mohanty
Anirudh Mohanty is a Senior Consultant with Infosys. He has more than 9 years of ADM experience in the utility sector, mainly involving Customer Service and Shared Services. He has been involved in consulting, design, development and execution of projects around business process optimizations, operations, regulations, rate case, meter to cash, self-service and ERP data conversions.


text:
Ghost towns of Kansas: a traveler's guide
University Press of Kansas, 1988 - Travel - 348 pages
This illustrated guide to Kansas ghost towns will delight travelers and armchair tourists alike. Organized by region, it tells the story of 100 towns that have either disappeared without a trace or are only 'a shadowy remnant of what they once were.'
From inside the book
40 pages matching proslavery in this book
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What people are saying - Write a review
Review: Ghost Towns of Kansas (PB)User Review - Goodreads
Some of the towns we have in Kansas are very small to start with. This book talks about 100 ghost towns of Kansas that are no longer here and are now farmland. Read full review
Review: Ghost Towns of Kansas (PB)User Review - Goodreads
Since so many of these towns are now nonexistant and farmland this isn't the greatest source for places to travel. Kansans have always been too good at reusing resources, moving entire buildings or ... Read full review
Iowa Point Doniphan County
Four Houses Wyandotte County
Juniata Pottawatomie County
20 other sections not shown
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Common terms and phrases
Alcove Springs Andreas Atchison became began blacksmith boom building built camped cattle Cawker City church citizens colonists Coolidge Coronado county seat courthouse Creek Diamond Springs Doniphan Doniphan County early east election emigrants established Fargo Springs Finney County Franklin free-state ghost town Hartland History of Kansas houses Ibid Indians Ingalls John July Kansas City Star Kansas Historical Collections Kansas River Kennekuk KSHS land Lawrence Lecompton legislature Leoti located miles Minneola Missouri moved named Neosho Falls newspaper Nicodemus Osage Mission Pawnee population post office prairie proslavery railroad Randolph Ravanna residents road Runnymede Russell Springs saloons Santa Fe settlement settlers Shawnee County Sheridan Silkville sold station summer taking U.S. Highway territorial Today Topeka Topeka Daily town company town's townsite townspeople Trading Post Trail City U.S. Highway 40 Union Pacific Valley votes Wabaunsee Wabaunsee County Waconda wagon Wallace White Cloud


text:
Go anywhere in the summer and you're likely to see at least three pairs of Jack Rogers strutting around. But how did they get so popular (and completely beloved)? This is where it all began.
1. In the early 60s, the label was born on the streets of Capri.
2. After Jackie O fell in love with them while vacationing in Italy, the Navajo sandal gained instant fame.
3. That same sandal is still made by hand in Palm Beach, Florida.
4. Jack Rogers opened its first storefront on NYC's Madison Avenue in 2011.
5. The brand was recently recognized by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where it was inducted into The Costume Institute.
Our Jack Rogers Boutique opens Sunday, May 19, at 11AM ET.
By Brianna Lapolla, Staff Writer
Not a Member and like The (Style) Guide? You'll love Rue La La. Join now.


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I've been digiscrapping since March.*biggrin
Printable View
I've been digiscrapping since March.*biggrin
wow.. I'm surprised that we have so many "seasoned" scrappers here...
:) an year. I really suck compared to what I see from those of you who have been scraping for just an few monthes.
Can't believe I hadn't replied to this one! I've been scrapping digitally for just over 2 years (wow! thats a long time!). I 'discovered' it when I was looking on-line for papers to print out to use in my card-making. Since then, I have also done paper scrapbooking - not much conventional 12 x 12 paper scrapbooking, but paper bag albums etc where I have mostly printed out papers from digi kits to use.
Ive been at it a year now!Joy got me into it when i moved to the samevillage as her and our kids became friends (Thanks Joy!!). I would not be without either now*biggrin
I've been doing it for a few years. Multiple versions of it anyway. lol
We have been using mostly Publisher at our Seniors club for a couple of years now I decided to update from Elements 2 to 4 & just starting to find my way around it !!! Hope to post something soon.
I voted for less than 3 months because technically my first class was October 6th...that's when I got started with using Photoshop and downloading stuff. But I've also used a variety of computer programs before now to do slideshows, mini albums, etc. So I've been doing something like this for years now...just not involved in this industry/community until October. KWIM?
I have been digiscrapping for just over a year! I got into it because my dh told me I was spending too much on paper scrapping and that it would be cheaper to do it on the computer... little did he know about digiscrapping sites...lol... I love digiscrapping and wouldn't give it up for the world!!!
I voted less then 6 months. I have been playing around with my programs for awhile now and making pages and collages. I still have to get the hang of things like I can use more then 1 page. I have been having fun so I can't wait to learn some new things.


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There is no one online anymore. Does anyone want to meet in the Training Arena to test files? I wait hours for matches because of the "can't play the same guy twice" rule.
I'm currently testing:
Command Dolls
Magic Dolls
And can make a large number of "meta" files, such as Monsters, Guardian, Mage Soldiers, etc. Just not Marduk, Urgrant, Torocatty, or Dilate. I'd prefer to test Core-legal files.
Anyone who wants to test with me, post your availability and time zone here.
I'm available Mon-Fri sporadically between 8am and 5pm EST.


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Dickinson Museum Center
188 Museum Drive E, Dickinson, ND
The Dickinson Museum Center is a history museum complex that serves the region of southwestern North Dakota. It is made up of the Joachim Regional Museum, the Pioneer Machinery Building and Prairie Outpost Park.
The Joachim Regional Museum features exhibits related to the history of southwestern North Dakota.
The Pioneer Machinery Building contains early ranching and agricultural objects and is managed by the Stark County Historical Society.
Prairie Outpost Park consists of five historic and six reproduction buildings. Free tours are available from Memorial Day until mid-August.
For more information call 701-456-6225 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Hours: Monday 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Tuesday 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Wednesday 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Thursday 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Friday 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Tuesday 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Wednesday 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Thursday 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Friday 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Top Features
- Family-Friendly
- Free Admission
- Guided Tours
- Open Year 'Round
- Self-Guided Tours
All Features
- Guided Tours
- Self-Guided Tours
- Open Year 'Round
Cost of Admission
- Free Admission
General Information
- Hours of Operation: Summer hours: Daily, 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Winter Hours: Monday-Friday, 9 a.m.-5 p.m. or by appointment
Guest Information
- Family-Friendly
- Interstate
Local: 701-456-6225
Fax: 701-456-7994Facebook


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Pride Marine Group - Muskoka Center Console boats for sale
Contact Address
1785 Beaumont DriveBracebridge, ON P1L 1W4
Contact Phone(866) 271-8105
Boat Brands
In 1986, Pride Marine Group began as a single location, a small gas dock on the shores of Lake Muskoka, committed to serving cottagers with integrity, hard work and a smile. This year we expanded our offering to 6 locations, 5 on the water locations and the latest Pride Marine Group Flagship Showroom on highway 400 in Innisfil.
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- Jun 24:
- Coy Mathis' family celebrates civil rights win for transgender child
- Mar 9:
- School district: Parents refuse to meet in transgender dispute
- Mar 7:
- School rejects mediation talks in transgender girl's case
- Feb 28:
- Transgender 1st-grader must wait for ruling on use of school restroom
- Feb 26:
- Colorado parents of transgender 1st-grader file complaint over restroom ban
The Colorado Civil Rights Division has ruled in favor of Coy Mathis, a transgender 6-year-old girl who was was barred from using the girls' bathroom at Eagleside Elementary School in Fountain.
The Transgender Legal Defense & Education Fund said Sunday it would a hold a news conference on the steps of the Colorado State Capitol at noon Monday to explain the decision.
"Schools should not discriminate against their students, and we are thrilled that Coy can return to school and put this behind her," Kathryn Mathis, Coy's mother, said in a statement. "All we ever wanted was for Coy's school to treat her the same as other little girls. We are extremely happy that she now will be treated equally.
The Fountain-Fort Carson School District 8 told Coy's parents in December that the first-grader would not be able to continue to use the girls' restroom after the holiday break.
The family filed a civil rights complaint in February.
"This ruling sends a loud and clear message that transgender students may not be targeted for discrimination and that they must be treated equally in school," said the funds' executive director Michael Silverman stated. "It is a victory for Coy and a triumph for fairness."
Joey Bunch: 303-954-1174, email@example.com or twitter.com/joeybunch


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The Cubans, also known as Los Cabrones, are a Cuban street gang in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City and Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories. In both games they are led by Umberto Robina and are based in the Little Havana district of Vice City. Cubans are considered the prominent gang in the southern end of the mainland, considering that they defeated the Cholos.[1]
In 1984 the Cubans are known as the Los Cabrones and are in conflict with a Mexican street gang named the Cholos, over control of Little Havana. Umberto Robina employs Vic Vance to aid him in his fight against the Cholos. Umberto Robina asked Victor to prove his worth to his gang by picking up a package from Downtown in a race with Hilberto, Carlos, Fernandez, Ronaldo and other Cuban gang members.
Vic then begins to work with the Cubans, which includes killing various Cholos gang members who are causing havoc in Little Havana, and picking up Alberto Robina from the Hyman Memorial Stadium to avoid a possible abduction and/or murder. The Cubans eventually win the war with the Cholos after stealing their weapons supply and destroying the warehouse they had been stored in.
By 1986, the Cubans found themselves in a war with the Haitians. Umberto Robina contacts and employs Tommy Vercetti to aid him in the war with the Haitians. After completing a boat challenge with Rico, Tommy begins to help Cubans against the Haitians. Following this, Tommy Vercetti helps steal a van full of drugs, killing various Haitians for two briefcases and blowing up a factory owned by the Haitians.
Tommy Vercetti is, however, also working for Auntie Poulet, the leader of the Haitians. Auntie Poulet drugs Tommy with her Juju Juice and has him collect three briefcases before the authorities, blow up boats and Cuban gang members using a remote controlled plane and killing various Cuban gang members in a fight between the Cubans and Haitians. Auntie Poulet eventually tells him that she no longer needs his services.
Tommy eventually returns to working for Cubans, and helps them destroy a Haitian drugs factory in Little Haiti. The final result of the war between Cubans and the Haitians is unknown. Umberto Robina and Cuban gang members also treat Tommy Vercetti as an equal, with Umberto once saying: "Tommy, to us, you Cuban".
Cuban gang members are either seen wearing white sleeveless shirts with a japanese symbol and writing, red bandanas and jeans, or a fedora hat, light yellow shirts and black pants. They are armed with 9mm pistols.
Mission Appearances
GTA Vice City Stories
GTA Vice City
- Two Bit Hit
- Stunt Boat Challenge
- Cannon Fodder
- Naval Engagement
- Bombs Away!
- Dirty Lickin's
- Trojan Voodoo
- The Fastest Boat
- The outfit worn by Cuban gang members in GTA Vice City is another of the game's numerous references to the TV series Miami Vice -- their clothes are based on a prominent extra seen in the show's pilot episode, in the scene where Rico Tubbs first arrives at Miami International Airport. The clothing worn by the Cuban's rivals, the Haitians, is based on another extra walking alongside the first.
- The Cubans are the only gang in GTA VC and VCS that are not hostile at the players.
Cuban-American discrimination controversy
The third version of GTA Vice City had all references to the Cuban and Haitian people removed, (along with a number of other trademarks), in response to Cuban and Haitian groups in the United States, who threatened to use action against Rockstar Games, on the basis that they were being discriminated against. This is why in GTA Vice City Stories the gang is referred to as Los Cabrones as opposed to simply "The Cubans," as they were in GTA Vice City. Los Cabrones literally means "The Bastards" in Spanish.


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Tags: nfl, 2013 nfl season, afc west, seattle seahawks, san francisco 49ers, baltimore ravens, NFC east, cowboys, giants, eagles, redskins, tampa bay buccaneers, patriots, andrew luck, indianapolis colts, new orleans saints, texans, kansas city chiefs, philadelphia eagles
Live Toast is an entertainment blog brought to you by the creative team at Ticket Liquidator.
Please note the writers' views are entirely their own and may not reflect the views of Ticket Liquidator, LLC.
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Any trademarks that appear on Live Toast remain the property of their respective owners. The appearance of trademarked terms does not indicate any association with TicketLiquidator.com or Ticket Liquidator, LLC.
© 2002 - 2013 Ticket Liquidator is a registered trademark of Ticket Software LLC.


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Recent Haines City Reviews
Awesome! Very relaxing, quiet.
Awesome place to stay! We had everything we needed. The place was very clean and well maintained. Beautiful view. It was very quiet which is just what we were looking for. The owner was very nice and helpful. We rented a pontoon boat and toured the lake, beautiful. We had morning coffee on the deck and watched a fisherman catch a big mouth bass right in front of us. I would recommend this property to anyone looking for a quiet place to relax with a beautiful view. We will stay here again.
Beautiful time
We had a spectacular time in this cabin! Such a peaceful and harmonious place! We were driving from Miami late at night and Gregg met us almost at 11 p.m. He told us everything we needed to know about the cabin and wished us a great stay! The cabin was very clean and well-maintained, everything worked perfectly fine! No dust was anywhere to be found. Kitchen was in perfect condition with all the equipment needed. We wanted to use the grill, which comes with every cabin out there, but due to a shower outside, we were not able to use it at all. We caught a ray of light and at that time were having a wonderful breakfast right on the roofed pier 1 minute away from our cabin. Very lovely and extremely romantic getaway. Thank you all for having us and we are hoping to be back soon! I totally fell in love with this peace, comfort and coziness.


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The bill, filed by Rep. Bakari Sellers, ensures a continuous presence of a student resource officer at all public schools in South Carolina. It also gives them full arrest powers on campus.
Tuesday, Jan. 8, 2012
AIKEN, S.C. (WRDW) -- In the afternoon car-line at Byrd Elementary in Graniteville, the massacre in Connecticut is still fresh on the minds of parents like Jemond Smith.
"I was very restless all day. My wife actually came and got my daughter out of school early," he said.
A few weeks later, there's something bothering Smith and parent Nora Williams, too. Most middle schools and elementary schools don't have a school resource officer on campus.
"There's security in high schools, but you don't really hear about it in the younger grades, and as we saw with the school in Connecticut, it might be a useful thing," Williams said.
"I actually think we should get some type of federal or state funding that allows us to have school resource officers at every school, including elementary schools," Smith said.
That's exactly what Rep. Bakari Sellers of Bamberg, Barnwell and Colleton Counties (District 90) is proposing. He filed the bill at the start of session on Tuesday.
"What people have to realize is that I'm trying to do what's in the best interests of students and children and parents. That's it. It's no lobby. I'm not trying to do what's in the best interests of the NRA," Sellers said.
Sellers already proposed the idea to superintendents in Barnwell, Bamberg and Colleton counties. Now, he's hoping the whole state will adopt the measure.
"We can't mandate it, and by law, it says the school boards must. It can't be something that comes from us right now, but maybe we can change that, and maybe we can change it and make sure that they have the money. The last thing I want to do is send an unfunded mandate," he said.
Opponents say that it would cost a lot. They add that one officer may not stop a gunman in the first place.
Williams says that's no excuse.
"I think that they should find the money for something like that. That's important. I think a lot of money is spent on things that aren't necessarily important," she said.
The House bill (3237) is short but to the point. It ensures a continuous presence of a student resource officer at all public schools in South Carolina. It also gives them full arrest powers on campus.
Have information or an opinion about this story? Click here to contact the newsroom.
Copyright WRDW-TV News 12. All rights reserved. This material may not be republished without express written permission.


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There are three parts to such web maps. A map service, A feature service (This bit is optional), and a client library.
The map service provides the map images and may be in a special service specific protocol, like in Google Maps, Bing Maps, or the main services provided by OpenStreetMap, but there are also standard protocols, particularly TMS and WMS which can be provided by various software like GeoServer. Some client libraries even let you just load one big image as is, though this doesn't work so well for very large maps or if you want a wide range of scales. TMS can also be handled by an ordinary web server is the map is static
The feature service provides the points, and other shapes overlaid on the map. Again there are special servers, or you can drop everything in a file and point the client at that file. GML, KML, and GeoJSON are common formats for feature data.
The client library is what ties everything together and makes the map interactive in the web browser. Google and Bing have their own special ones, and there are generic ones like OpenLayers and Leaflet.
The absolute simplest thing that would get you going would be to get OpenLayers or Leaflet, and try pointing it at a straight image of the map. You could improve on this by chopping the map into tiles to make a TMS, and by writing up your point features, etc in KML or GeoJSON files..


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Madison Solar Engineering
Revision as of 17:05, May 20, 2013 by Paul Hedrick (Talk | contribs)
1,798pages on
this wiki
this wiki
Madison Solar Engineering is an experienced solar power company located in Mutare, Zimbabwe. They have been in operation since 2005. Besides offering photovoltaic electrical systems, they also offer parabolic solar cookers for sale at their store in Mutare.
Recent news and developments
External links
Madison Solar Engineering
22 Dawson Road, Booth 007
Joe Correia Complex, Mutare
Tel.: +263 2063772
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Our Women's Pilgrim Set makes Halloween or a Thanksgiving dress up party a breeze. This simple costume set employs the help of one of your own black dresses. The individual pieces in this set come together to make the perfect pilgrim ensemble. In this package you will receive a white pilgrim style bonnet, apron, white cuffs and a collar, all made from a heavy white cotton. This is a great, simple, no fuss way to have a fun costume.
Our Price: $8.97


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May 5, 2016
Police say a homeless man set a 63-year-old California man on fire outside a 7-Eleven store by throwing a flammable substance inside the man's parked SUV.
Long Beach Sgt. Aaron Eaton says the man suffered severe burns in the Friday evening attack.
Bystanders helped douse the flames and 38-year-old Raymond Sean Clark was arrested a block away. Eaton says the attacker and victim apparently didn't know each other and the motive was murky.
Clark was jailed on suspicion of attempted murder and on some misdemeanor warrants.
The victim was hospitalized in critical condition.
Copyright 2016 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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burlap accent pillows, diy light switch covers, DIY sunburst mirror, French Market bag, mason jar soap dispensers, metallic dresser, secretary desk
Hope you are all having a nice weekend and recovering from the Christmas frenzy! We had a wonderful time in Disneyland, but I'm glad to be home with still some time to relax before going back to work. I love doing this year end post – it's fun to look back at all the projects over the past year and re-read all your lovely comments. Here is 2012's top ten posts, starting with:
No. 10 – Mason Jar Soap Dispensers
No. 9 – How To Dress Up Your Light Switches
No. 8 – Quatrefoil Parsons Table
No. 7 – Laundry Room Transformation
No. 6 – French Provincial Coffee Table
No. 5 – Metallic Sunburst Mirror
No. 1 – Media Storage Metallic Dresser
The top referrers to this site in 2012 were:
Graphics Fairy
Miss Mustard Seed
Savvy Southern Style
French Country Cottage
Thank you to everyone that supports this blog. I love reading all of your comments and feedback – it keeps me inspired to try new things, and is always an exciting adventure! Can't wait to see what 2013 brings!
Linking up with:


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January 20, 2013
Tom Grant
With signing day continuing to creep closer and closer, Nebraska has remained steadfast in their pursuit of a defensive back and this weekend was no different as they welcomed Florida native Boaz Joseph to Lincoln.The 6-foot-1, 190-pound cornerback out of Cypress Bay High School said he enjoyed his time in Lincoln and couldn't have been more impressed. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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Terraced fields in northern Vietnam. Source: Wikimedia Commons
Vietnam is a nation of ninety one million people in southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, as well as China, Laos, and Cambodia.
Extending 1,650 km north to south, the country is only 50 km across at its narrowest point.
Its major environmental issues include:
- logging and slash-and-burn agricultural practices contribute to deforestation and soil degradation;
- water pollution and overfishing threaten marine life populations;
- groundwater contamination limits potable water supply; and,
- growing urban industrialization and population migration are rapidly degrading environment in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City
Vietnam is susceptible to occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta.
The conquest of Vietnam by France began in 1858 and was completed by 1884. It became part of French Indochina in 1887.
Vietnam declared independence after World War II, but France continued to rule until its 1954 defeat by Communist forces under Ho Chi Minh. Under the Geneva Accords of 1954, Vietnam was divided into the Communist North and anti-Communist South.
US economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. Two years later, North Vietnamese forces overran the South reuniting the country under Communist rule.
Despite the return of peace, for over a decade the country experienced little economic growth because of conservative leadership policies, the persecution and mass exodus of individuals - many of them successful South Vietnamese merchants - and growing international isolation.
However, since the enactment of Vietnam's "doi moi" (renovation) policy in 1986, Vietnamese authorities have committed to increased economic liberalization and enacted structural reforms needed to modernize the economy and to produce more competitive, export-driven industries. The Communist leaders, however, maintain control on political expression and have resisted outside calls to improve human rights.
The country continues to experience small-scale protests from various groups, the vast majority connected to land-use issues, calls for increased political space and the lack of equitable mechanisms for resolving disputes. Various ethnic minorities, such as the Montagnards of the Central Highlands and the Khmer Krom in the southern delta region, have also held protests.
Location: Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, as well as China, Laos, and Cambodia
Geographic Coordinates: 16 10 N, 107 50 E
Area: 331,210 sq km (land: 310,070 sq km; water: 21,140 sq km)
Land Boundaries: 4,639 km (Cambodia 1,228 km, China 1,281 km, Laos 2,130 km)
Coastline: 3,444 km (excludes islands)
Maritime Claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Natural Hazards: occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta
Terrain: low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest. The highest point is Fan Si Pan (3,144 m).
Climate: tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (May to September) and warm, dry season (October to March)
Topography of Vietnam. Source: Wikimedia Commons
Satellite view of Vietnam. Source: NASA World Wind.
Ecology and Biodiversity
With a population of more than 900,000, Vietnam's Chinese community has historically played an important role in the Vietnamese economy. Restrictions on economic activity following reunification of the north and south in 1975 and a general deterioration in Vietnamese-Chinese relations caused increasing anxiety within the Chinese-Vietnamese community. As tensions between Vietnam and China reached their peak in 1978-79, culminating in a brief but bloody war in February-March 1979, some 450,000 ethnic Chinese left Vietnam by boat as refugees (many officially encouraged and assisted) or were expelled across the land border with China.
Other significant ethnic minority groups include central highland peoples (formerly collectively termed Montagnards) such as the Gia Rai, Bana, Ede, Xo Dang, Gie Trieng, and the Khmer Krom (Cambodians), who are concentrated near the Cambodian border and at the mouth of the Mekong River. Taken collectively, these groups made up a majority of the population in much of Vietnam's central highlands until the 1960s and 1970s. They now compose a significant minority of 25% to 35% of the provinces in that region.
Vietnamese is the official language of the country. It is a tonal language with influences from Thai, Khmer, and Chinese. Since the early 20th century, the Vietnamese have used a Romanized script introduced by the French. Previously, Chinese characters and an indigenous phonetic script were both used.
|This low-oblique photograph shows the lower Mekong River and its vast delta. Rising on the Plateau of Tibet, the Mekong flows generally southeast for 4,160 km (2,600 mi) and empties into the South China Sea through the large delta. The vast, swampy delta, crisscrossed by many channels and canals, is one of the greatest rice-growing regions of Asia. Barely discernible northeast of the delta is Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon. Point Cau Mau, the southern tip of Vietnam, is visible southeast of the delta. Image courtesy of NASA.
|A few of the many limestone monolithic islands in Halong Bay.
|Pu Mat National Park, and the Annamite mountain range in Vietnam. Source: Rolf Müller/Wikimedia Commons
|Ho Chí Minh City (formerly Saigon), Vietnam's largest City.Source: Ngô Trung/Wikimedia Commons
Ethnic Groups: Kinh (Viet) 85.7%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.8%, Muong 1.5%, Khmer 1.5%, Mong 1.2%, Nung 1.1%, others 5.3% (2009 census)
Age Structure:
0-14 years: 25.2% (male 11,945,354/female 10,868,610)
15-64 years: 69.3% (male 31,301,879/female 31,419,306)
65 years and over: 5.5% (male 1,921,652/female 3,092,589) (2011 est.)
Population Growth Rate: 1.054% (2011 est.)
Birthrate: 16.83 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)
Death Rate: 5.95 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)
Net Migration Rate: -0.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)
Life Expectancy at Birth: 72.41 years
male: 69.95 years
female: 75.16 years (2011 est.)
Total Fertility Rate: 1.89 children born/woman (2011 est.)
Languages: Vietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer, mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
Literacy (age 15 and over can read and write): 94% (2009 census)
Urbanization: 30% of total population (2010) growing at an annual rate of change of 3% (2010-15 est.)
Vietnam's identity has been shaped by long-running conflicts, both internally and with foreign forces. In 111 BC, China's Han dynasty conquered northern Vietnam's Red River Delta and the ancestors of today's Vietnamese. Chinese dynasties ruled Vietnam for the next 1,000 years, inculcating it with Confucian ideas and political culture, but also leaving a tradition of resistance to foreign occupation. In 939 AD, Vietnam achieved independence under a native dynasty. After 1471, when Vietnam conquered the Champa Kingdom in what is now central Vietnam, the Vietnamese moved gradually southward, finally reaching the agriculturally rich Mekong Delta, where they encountered previously settled communities of Cham and Cambodians. As Vietnam's Le dynasty declined, powerful northern and southern families, the Trinh and Nguyen, fought civil wars in the 17th and 18th centuries. A peasant revolt originating in the Tay Son region of central Vietnam defeated both the Nguyen and the Trinh and unified the country at the end of the 18th century, but was itself defeated by a surviving member of the Nguyen family, who founded the Nguyen dynasty as Emperor Gia Long in 1802.
French Rule and the Anti-Colonial Struggle
In 1858, the French began their conquest of Vietnam starting in the south. They annexed all of Vietnam in 1885, governing the territories of Annan, Tonkin, and Cochin China, together with Cambodia and Laos, as French Indochina. The French ruled Cochin China directly as a French colony; Annan and Tonkin were established as French "protectorates." Vietnam's emperors remained in place in Hue, but their authority was strictly limited as French officials assumed nearly all government functions. In the early 20th century, Vietnamese intellectuals, many of them French educated, organized nationalist and communist-nationalist anti-colonial movements.
Japan's military occupation of Vietnam during World War II further stirred nationalist sentiment, as well as antipathy toward the French Vichy colonial regime, which took its direction from the Japanese until the Japanese took direct control in March 1945. Vietnamese communists under Ho Chi Minh organized a coalition of anti-colonial groups, the Viet Minh, though many anti-communists refused to join. The Viet Minh took advantage of political uncertainty in the weeks following Japan's surrender to take control of Hanoi and much of northern Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh announced the independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on September 2, 1945.
North and South Partition
France's determination to reassert colonial authority in Vietnam led to failed talks and, after armed hostilities broke out in Haiphong at the end of 1946, an 8-year guerrilla war between the communist-led Viet Minh on one side and the French and their anti-communist nationalist allies on the other. Following the French defeat at Dien Bien Phu in May 1954, France and other parties, including Britain, China, the Soviet Union, the United States, and representatives of the Viet Minh and Bao Dai governments convened in Geneva, Switzerland for peace talks. On July 29, 1954, an Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities in Vietnam was signed between France and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The United States observed, but did not sign, the agreement. French colonial rule in Vietnam ended.
The 1954 Geneva agreement provided for a cease-fire between communist and anti-communist nationalist forces, the temporary division of Vietnam at approximately the 17th parallel, provisional northern (communist) and southern (noncommunist) zone governments, and the evacuation of anti-communist Vietnamese from northern to southern Vietnam, as well as the movement of a smaller number of former communist-led Viet Minh anti-colonial fighters to the north. The agreement also called for an election to be held by July 1956 to bring the two provisional zones under a unified government, a provision that the South Vietnamese Government refused to accept, arguing that conditions for free elections throughout Vietnam were not present. On October 26, 1955, South Vietnam declared itself the Republic of Vietnam.
After 1954, North Vietnamese communist leaders consolidated their power and instituted a harsh agrarian reform and socialization program. During this period, some 450,000 Vietnamese, including a large number of Vietnamese Catholics, fled from the north to the south, while a much smaller number, mostly consisting of former Viet Minh fighters, relocated north. In the late 1950s, North Vietnamese leaders reactivated the network of communist guerrillas that had remained behind in the south. These forces--commonly known as the Viet Cong--aided covertly by the north, started an armed campaign against officials and villagers who refused to support the communist reunification cause.
American Assistance to the South
In December 1961, at the request of South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem, President Kennedy sent U.S. military advisers to South Vietnam to help the government there deal with the Viet Cong campaign. In the wake of escalating political turmoil in the south after a November 1963 generals' coup against President Diem, which resulted in his death, the United States increased its military support for South Vietnam. In March 1965, President Johnson sent the first U.S. combat forces to Vietnam. The American military role peaked in 1969 with an in-country force of 534,000. Although the Viet Cong's surprise Tet Offensive in January 1968 failed militarily, it damaged American and South Vietnamese morale and brought into question--domestically--U.S. reports of successes prior to the offensive. In January 1969, the United States, governments of South and North Vietnam, and the Viet Cong met for the first plenary session of peace talks in Paris, France. These talks, which began with much hope, moved slowly. They finally concluded with the signing of a peace agreement, the Paris Accords, on January 27, 1973. The Accords called for a ceasefire in place in which North Vietnamese forces were permitted to remain in areas they controlled. Following the Accords, the South Vietnamese Government and the political representatives of the communist forces in the South, the Provisional Revolutionary Government, vied for control over portions of South Vietnam. The United States withdrew its forces, although reduced levels of U.S. military assistance continued, administered by the Defense Attaché Office.
In early 1975, North Vietnamese regular military forces began a major offensive in the south, inflicting great damage to the south's forces. The communists took Saigon on April 30, 1975, and announced their intention to reunify the country. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (north) absorbed the former Republic of Vietnam (south) to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on July 2, 1976.
After reunification, the government confiscated privately owned land and forced citizens to adopt collectivized agricultural practices. Hundreds of thousands of former South Vietnamese government and military officials, as well as intellectuals previously opposed to the communist cause, were sent to study socialist doctrine in re-education camps, where they remained for periods ranging from months to over 10 years.
Expectations that reunification of the country and its socialist transformation would be condoned by the international community were quickly dashed as many countries expressed concern over Vietnam's internal practices and foreign policy. Vietnam's 1978 invasion of Cambodia in particular, together with its increasingly tight alliance with the Soviet Union, appeared to confirm suspicions that Vietnam wanted to establish a Soviet-backed hegemony in Indochina.
Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia also heightened tensions that had been building between Vietnam and China. Beijing, which backed the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia, retaliated in early 1979 by initiating a brief, but bloody border war with Vietnam.
Vietnam's tensions with its neighbors, internal repression, and a stagnant economy contributed to a massive exodus from Vietnam. Fearing persecution, many ethnic Chinese in particular fled Vietnam by boat to nearby countries. Later, hundreds of thousands of other Vietnamese nationals fled as well, seeking temporary refuge in camps throughout Southeast Asia.
The continuing grave condition of the economy and the alienation from the international community became focal points of party debate. In 1986, at the Sixth Party Congress, there was an important easing of communist agrarian and commercial policies.
Government Type: Communist state
A new state constitution was approved in April 1992, reaffirming the central role of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) in politics and society, and outlining government reorganization and increased economic freedom. Though Vietnam remains a one-party state, adherence to ideological orthodoxy has become less important than economic development as a national priority.
The most important powers within the Vietnamese Government--in addition to the Communist Party--are the executive agencies created by the 1992 constitution: the offices of the president and the prime minister. The Vietnamese President functions as head of state but also serves as the nominal commander of the armed forces and chairman of the Council on National Defense and Security. The Prime Minister of Vietnam heads a cabinet composed of deputy prime ministers and the heads of ministries and agencies, all confirmed by the National Assembly.
Notwithstanding the 1992 constitution's reaffirmation of the central role of the Communist Party, the National Assembly, according to the constitution, is the highest representative body of the people and the only organization with legislative powers. It has a broad mandate to oversee all government functions. Once seen as little more than a rubber stamp, the National Assembly has become more vocal and assertive in exercising its authority over lawmaking, particularly in recent years. However, the National Assembly is still subject to Communist Party direction. More than 90% of the deputies in the National Assembly are Communist Party members. The National Assembly meets twice yearly for 7-10 weeks each time; elections for members are held every 5 years, although its Standing Committee meets monthly and there are now over 140 "full-time" deputies who function on various committees. In 2007, the National Assembly introduced parliamentary "question time," in which cabinet ministers must answer often-pointed questions from National Assembly members. There is a separate judicial branch, but it is still relatively weak. There are few lawyers and trial procedures are rudimentary.
The Politburo, selected during the Party Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam and headed by the Communist Party General Secretary, determines government policy; its Secretariat oversees day-to-day policy implementation. In addition, the Communist Party's Central Military Commission, which is composed of select Politburo members and additional military leaders, determines military policy.
A Party Congress meets every 5 years to set the direction of the party and the government. The most recent Party Congress, the Eleventh, met in January 2011. The Central Committee is elected by the Party Congress and usually meets at least twice a year.
Capital: Hanoi - 2.668 million (2009)
Other Major Cities: Ho Chi Minh City 5.976 million; Haiphong 1.941 million; Da Nang 807,000 (2009)
Administrative divisions: 58 provinces (tinh, singular and plural) and 5 municipalities (thanh pho, singular and plural)
An Giang,
|Source: Wikimedia Commons
Independence Date: 2 September 1945 (from France)
Legal System: civil law system; note - the civil code of 2005 reflects a European style civil law. Vietnam has not submitted an International Court of Justice (ICJ) jurisdiction declaration; and is a non-party state to the International criminal court (ICCt).
International Environmental Agreements
Vietnam is party to international agreements on: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, and Wetlands.
Total Renewable Water Resources: 891.2 cu km (1999)
Freshwater Withdrawal: 71.39 cu km/yr (8% domestic, 24% industrial, 68% agricultural)
Per Capita Freshwater Withdrawal: 847 cu m/yr (2000)
Access to improved sources of drinking water: 94% of population
Access to improved sanitation facilities: 75% of population
Agricultural products: paddy rice, coffee, rubber, cotton, tea, pepper, soybeans, cashews, sugar cane, peanuts, bananas; poultry; fish, seafood
Irrigated Land: 46,000 sq km (2008)
Natural Resources: phosphates, coal, manganese, rare earth elements, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, timber, hydropower
Land Use:
arable land: 20.14%
permanent crops: 6.93%
other: 72.93% (2005)
Vietnam is a densely-populated developing country that in the last 30 years has had to recover from the ravages of war, the loss of financial support from the old Soviet Bloc, and the rigidities of a centrally-planned economy. While Vietnam's economy remains dominated by state-owned enterprises (SOEs), which still produce about 40% of GDP, Vietnamese authorities have reaffirmed their commitment to economic liberalization and international integration. They have moved to implement the structural reforms needed to modernize the economy and to produce more competitive export-driven industries.
Following economic stagnation after reunification from 1975 to 1985, the 1986 Sixth Party Congress approved broad economic reforms (known as "Doi Moi," or "renovation") that introduced market reforms, opened up the country for foreign investment, and dramatically improved Vietnam's business climate. Vietnam became one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, averaging around 8% annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth from 1990 to 1997 and 6.5% from 1998-2003. GDP grew more than 8% annually from 2004 to 2007, slowed to 5.3% growth in 2009, recovered to 6.8% in 2010, and reached 5.8% over the first 9 months of 2011. Viewed over time, foreign trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) have improved significantly, although new registered FDI has started to trend downward. The average annual foreign investment commitment rose sharply after foreign investment was authorized in 1988, although the global economic crisis affected FDI in 2009. In the first 9 months of 2011, disbursed FDI capital totaled $9.1 billion, up 1% compared to the same period in 2010. Registered FDI (including new and additional capital) was $8.88 billion in the first 9 months of 2011, a fall of about 30% compared to the same period of 2010. From 1990 to 2011, agricultural production nearly doubled, transforming Vietnam from a net food importer to the world's second-largest exporter of rice. In the first 9 months of 2011, Vietnam's exports ($70 billion) were up by 23% compared to the same period in 2010. Vietnam's imports ($76.87 billion) were up by 27% from the same period in 2010, and the country was still running a structural trade deficit, reaching $6.87 billion in the first 9 months of 2011.
The shift away from a centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented economic model has improved the quality of life for many Vietnamese. Per capita income rose from $220 in 1994 to $1,168 in 2010. Year-on-year inflation, however, increased to 18.2% in the first 9 months of 2011, up from 8.6% in the same period of 2010. The Vietnamese Government was unable to reach its 2011 Consumer Price Index (CPI) target of 7%. The Vietnamese savings rate is about 25% of GDP. Official unemployment remains low, but does not reflect employment trends in the unofficial economy, which comprises over 70% of the total workforce. Unemployment was 2.2% in the first 9 months of 2011--a slight decline from 2.8% in 2010--with urban unemployment being higher (3.5% in the first 9 months of 2011, 4.4% in 2010) than rural (1.2% the first 9 months of 2011, 2.3% in 2010).
The Vietnamese Government still holds a tight rein over major sectors of the economy through large state-owned economic groups and enterprises. The government has plans to reform key sectors and partially privatize state-owned enterprises, but implementation has been gradual and the state sector still accounts for approximately 40% of GDP. Greater emphasis on private sector development is critical for job creation. In 2011, the Vietnamese Government proposed a strategy for restructuring the economy by 2015. The three pillars of the proposed strategy are improving public investment; reforming state-owned enterprises; and restructuring finance markets, focusing on the banking system.
The 2001 entry-into-force of the Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) between the U.S. and Vietnam was a significant milestone for Vietnam's economy and for normalization of U.S.-Vietnam relations. Bilateral trade between the United States and Vietnam has expanded dramatically, rising from $2.97 billion in 2002 to $18.6 billion in 2010. The U.S. is Vietnam's second-largest trade partner overall (after China).
Implementation of the BTA, which includes provisions on trade in goods and services, enforcement of intellectual property rights, protection for investments, and transparency, fundamentally changed Vietnam's trade regime and helped it accede to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2007.
Vietnam was granted permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) status by the United States in December 2006. To meet the obligations of WTO membership, Vietnam revised nearly all of its trade and investment laws and guiding regulations and opened up large sectors of its economy to foreign investors and exporters.
A U.S.-Vietnam Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA), a bridge to future economic cooperation, was signed in 2007 during President Nguyen Minh Triet's visit to the United States. The first TIFA Council occurred in December 2007 in Washington, and there have been frequent TIFA meetings and dialogues since then. During Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung's June 2008 visit, the United States and Vietnam committed to undertake Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) negotiations. Three rounds of talks were completed, but BIT talks have not resumed since Vietnam and the United States began negotiations on free trade in 2010.
Agriculture and Industry
As in the rest of Asia, farms in Vietnam tend to be very small, and are usually less than one hectare (2.5 acres) each. Rice and other farm outputs are quite profitable, on a per-kilogram basis, but the total income from these small operations is increasingly insufficient to cover daily household needs. Off-farm income is necessary, and growing in importance. Due to its high productivity, Vietnam is currently a net exporter of agricultural products. Besides rice, key exports are coffee (robusta), pepper (spice), cashews, tea, rubber, wood products, and fisheries products. In 2010, Vietnam was ranked 17 among all suppliers of food and agricultural products to the United States, a strong indicator of Vietnam's growing importance as a global supplier of key agricultural commodities. Agriculture's share of economic output has declined, falling as a share of GDP from 42% in 1989 to 21% in 2010, as production in other sectors of the economy has risen.
Vietnam's industrial production has also grown. Industry and construction contributed 41% of GDP in 2010, up from 27.3% in 1985. Subsidies have been cut, though state enterprises still receive priority access to resources, including land and capital. The government is also continuing the slow process of "equitizing" a significant number of smaller state enterprises--transforming state enterprises into shareholding companies and distributing a portion of the shares to management, workers, and private foreign and domestic investors. However, to date the government continues to maintain control of the largest and most important companies.
Trade and Balance of Payments
To compensate for drastic cuts in Soviet-bloc support after 1989, Vietnam liberalized trade, devalued its currency to increase exports, and embarked on a policy of regional and international economic re-integration. Vietnam has demonstrated its commitment to trade liberalization in recent years, and integration with the world economy has become one of the cornerstones of its reform program. Vietnam has locked in its intention to create a more competitive and open economy by committing to several comprehensive international trade agreements, including the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Free Trade Area (AFTA) and the U.S.-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA). Vietnam's accession to the World Trade Organization further integrated Vietnam into the global economy. In November 2010, Vietnam officially joined negotiations for the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) free trade agreement.
As a result of these reforms, exports expanded significantly, growing by as much as 20%-30% in some years. Exports accounted for about 70% of GDP in 2010. Imports have also grown rapidly, and Vietnam has maintained a structural trade deficit, reaching $12.4 billion in 2010. Vietnam's total external debt, amounting to 42.2% of GDP in 2010, was estimated at around $32.5 billion.
GDP: (Purchasing Power Parity): $299.2 billion (2011 est.)
GDP: (Official Exchange Rate): $123.6 billion (2011 est.)
GDP- per capita (PPP): $3,300 (2011 est.)
GDP- composition by sector:
agriculture: 22%
industry: 40.3%
services: 37.7% (2011 est.)
Industries: food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building; mining, coal, steel; cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, paper
Currency: Dong (VND)
See: Energy profile of Vietnam
International Disputes:
- southeast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu;
- Cambodia and Laos protest Vietnamese squatters and armed encroachments along border;
- Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities;
- Progress on a joint development area with Cambodia is hampered by an unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands;
- an estimated 300,000 Vietnamese refugees reside in China;
- establishment of a maritime boundary with Cambodia is hampered by unresolved dispute over the sovereignty of offshore islands;
- the decade-long demarcation of the China-Vietnam land boundary was completed in 2009;
- China occupies the Paracel Islands also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan;
- Brunei claims a maritime boundary extending beyond as far as a median with Vietnam, thus asserting an implicit claim to Lousia Reef;
- the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants;
- Vietnam continues to expand construction of facilities in the Spratly Islands; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands; See: Energy profile of South China Sea
- EEZ negotiations with Indonesia are ongoing, and the two countries in Fall 2011 agreed to work together to reduce illegal fishing along their maritime boundary


text:
[♪ orchestra music ♪] [off-camera speaker] And action. This project was all about trying to make a very ambitious super hero film on an extremely limited schedule and budget. We feel the world is ready for a new superhero, and that superhero is Scubaman. [explosion][Scubaman, Behind the Snorkel] Scubaman? Who is this Scubaman? [Vance Thornhill, Writer/Director] Scubaman is the hero for the next generation of fans. He's got the gadgets, got the costumes, he's got the super powers. He can breath in really shallow water and stuff. He's got it all. [♪ dramatic music ♪] I came up with the idea for Scubaman while working on a documentary in the desert a few years ago, and unfortunately, at the time, we didn't really have the technology to pull it off. But recently we got a hold of an HP Z800 Workstation, and using that and Adobe CS5, it completely changed everything. [M. Knight Caramel, Visual Effects Artist] You've got to understand that Scubaman is a very effects-heavy project. [♪ dramatic music ♪] [airplane noise][♪ dramatic music ♪] I was working with 4k footage and green screen elements and 3D elements and atmospherics. I actually used CS5 to put it together. Now the fact that CS5 can use all the RAM in my Z800 made a huge difference. So I could comp things faster, I could produce things much faster, so I could actually get Scubaman done on time and on budget. [Jay "Jollybee" Esperansa Editor] Well, we knew that this movie was going to have a lot of visual effects, and to make it easier for the visual effects artists and us in editorial, we wanted to have as much image data as possible. So shooting 4K was just a natural for us, but the problem is, it just takes a lot of processing power to actually make that happen. I don't understand anything you're saying because you're talking through your snorkel. [mumbling] You need to talk to me normally. You're not Scubman anymore. [♪ dramatic music ♪] [evil laughter] [machinery noise] For this particular show, we were actually able to take the footage from the red cameras and bring it into our Z800s and import the R3D files directly into the timeline. The Mercury Playback Engine in Premiere Pro was able to play that back in real time. [♪ dramatic music ♪] Yeah, a lot of people ask me why Scubaman isn't ever in the water. Well, let's just say he has issues. [♪ music ♪] Scubaman, you never told me what happened to Life Raft boy. He drowned. To help create the look and feel of this movie, we used the dream color display because it's perfect for color-critical applications. [Original Footage] [Color Graded Footage] [♪ music ♪] [fighting noises] [J.E.] So another thing I like about the Z800 is that it's totally expandable, and at one point during this movie, I needed more hard drive space, so I got an extra hard drive, opened up the Z800, popped in the drive, no tools required, and it just worked. I have a plan. I can't wait for people to see the final product. The crew was awesome to work with. It was just a fantastic experience, overall. And honestly, we couldn't have done it without the Z800 and CS5. [www.hp.com/go/CS5] You have to get over what you think SCUBA stands for. It can stand for Special Crime Unit Building Adventure or Super Crime Fighters Battling Evil. Maybe not that, per se, but something cool. [2010 Adobe TV Productions]
Scubaman: Behind the Snorkel
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About This Episode
Go behind the scenes on the ambitious new superhero film, Scubaman! See how the new HP Z800 workstation and Adobe CS5 Production Premium made the entire production possible.
Runtime : 00:04:09 Added : 04/11/2010
About this show
HP Workstations - Built for Adobe Users
Learn how HP Z Workstations enable artists to better follow the visions they have for their work, while also saving time and money. www.hp.com/go/z820
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