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- This article is about the self administration of drugs in humans. For the operant study of self reward in animals see: Self-administration.
Self-medication is the use of drugs, sometimes prescription drug sometimes illicit, to treat a perceived or real malady, often of a psychological nature without consultation with medical personnel.
Over-the-counter drugs are a form of self medication. The buyer diagnoses their own illness and buys a specific nonprescription drug to treat it. The World Self-Medication Industry (WSMI) define self-medication as the treatment of common health problems with medicines especially designed and labeled for use without medical supervision and approved as safe and effective for such use.
A person may also self-medicate by taking more or less than the recommended dose of a drug.
Some mental illness sufferers attempt to correct their illnesses by use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, or other mind-altering drugs. While this may provide immediate relief of some symptoms such as anxiety, it may evoke and/or exacerbate some symptoms of several kinds of mental illnesses that are already latently present, and may lead to addiction/dependence, among other side effects of long-term use of the drug.
The theory that drug dependence or addiction results from self-medication for the distress caused by a pre-existing condition was introduced in 1974 by David F. Duncan and Edward J. Khantzian in independent publications. This theory has come to be known as the self-medication hypothesis. For example, sufferers of post-traumatic stress disorder are prone to self-medication, as well as many individual without this diagnosis which have suffered from (mental) trauma.
Occasionally an individual will attempt self-medication for physical illnesses. For example, it is believed that Kurt Cobain's use of heroin partially stemmed from a painful stomach condition.
The current phenomenon in many Western societies of the widespread usage of vitamins, herbs, and other over-the-counter "supplements"--usually without the advice, supervision, or even knowledge of any licensed health professional--is another possible example of self-medication. Some observers of health behavior and medical affairs have speculated that this trend may arise from the desire of laymen to feel more in control of their own health--rather than relying on the traditional medical establishment, whose motives are sometimes seen as suspect. The extraordinary increases in the cost of traditional health care in recent decades--doctors, hospitals, prescriptions, etc.-- causes some individuals to desperately try to find more affordable alternatives to treat or prevent their own afflictions, though this pursuit sometimes proves to be ineffective and expensive.
Self medication with alcohol
Self medication and drugs of addiction
See also
References & Bibliography
Key texts
- Albanese, M. J., & Khantzian, E. J. (2002). Self-medication theory and modified dynamic group therapy. New York, NY: Haworth Press.
- Crawley, B. (1993). Self-medication and the elderly. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
- Harchik, A. E. (1994). Self-medication skills. Baltimore, MD: Paul H Brookes Publishing.
- Weiss, R. D., & Mirin, S. M. (1997). Substance abuse as an attempt at self-medication. New York, NY: New York University Press.
- Achalu, ED (2002).The self-medication hypothesis: a review of the two major theories and the research evidence. SMH: Recent Developments on the Self-Medication Hypothesis, 1(10), id1. [1]
- Blenkinsopp A, Bradley C (1996). Over the counter drugs: the future for self medication. British Medical Journal, 312, 835.
- Duncan DF (1974a). Reinforcement of drug abuse: Implications for prevention. Clinical Toxicology Bulletin, 4(2), 69.
- Duncan DF (1974b). Drug abuse as a coping mechanism. American Journal of Psychiatry, 131(6), 724.
- Duncan DF (1975).The acquisition, maintenance and treatment of polydrug dependence: A public health model. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, 7(2), 201.
- Hughes CM, McElnay JC, Fleming GF (2001). Benefits and risks of self medication. Drug Safety, 24, 1027
- Khantzian, EJ, Mack JE, Schatzberg AF (1974). Heroin use as an attempt to cope: clinical observations. American Journal of Psychiatry, 131(2), 160.
- Khantzian EJ (1985). The self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders: focus on heroin and cocaine dependence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142(11), 1259.
- Khantzian EJ (1990) Self-regulation and self-medication factors in alcoholism and the addictions. similarities and differences. Recent Developments in Alcoholism, 8, 255.
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- Wazaify M, Shields E, Hughes CM, McElnay JC (2005). Societal perspectives on over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. Family Practice, 22: 170-176.
Additional material
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- Zucker, T.-P., Flesche, C. W., Germing, U., Schroter, S., Willers, R., Wolf, H.-H., et al. (1998). Patient-controlled versus staff-controlled analgesia with pethidine after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: Pain Vol 75(2-3) Apr 1998, 305-312.
- Adcock, S. A. W. (1993). The development and evaluation of an educational intervention to teach responsible medication use to senior adults: Dissertation Abstracts International.
- Alexander, G. L. (1992). Social support, self-esteem, and medication-taking behavior in older adults: Dissertation Abstracts International.
- Branin, J. J. (2003). Correlates of strategy use in medication adherence among older adults. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
- Caffery, D. M. (2007). Components of medication management: Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Screen for Medication Self-Management (CSMS) test in older adults. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
- Charupatanapong, N. (1990). An analysis of consumers' risk perceptions of their self-medication practices in Thailand: Dissertation Abstracts International.
- Damphousse, K. R. (1995). Reciprocal relationships between adolescent drug use and psychological distress: An examination of the self-medication hypothesis. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
- Dowell, M. S. (1991). People's expectations of their medications: An ethnographic study: Dissertation Abstracts International.
- Hall, D. H. (2005). Contributing to self-medication hypothesis research: A focus on severity of substance abuse and negative affect states in a methadone maintenance population. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
- Lynch, W. J. (2000). Regulation of intravenously self-administered drug intake in rats: Factors affecting, mechanisms underlying, and sex differences. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
- Miller, N. G. (1991). Decreasing medication abuse in psychiatric outpatients using special packaging: Dissertation Abstracts International.
- Miralles, M. A. (1993). Access to care and medication use among the ambulatory elderly in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Dissertation Abstracts International.
- Ostrowsky, M. K. (2007). Extending khantzian's self-medication hypothesis: An examination of low self-esteem, depression, alcohol use, marijuana use, and violent behavior. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
- Pabon, T. M. (2004). The self-medication theory of addictive disorders: Motivational aspects of drug addiction. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
- Rice, M. A. (1998). Concordant and discordant drug use in intimate relationships: A longitudinal study. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
- Robinson, R. J. (2008). Comorbidity of alcohol abuse and depression: Exploring the self-medication hypothesis. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
- Stawar, T. L. (1991). Perceptual learning style, modality-specific mnemonic elaboration strategies and achievement of severely psychiatrically disabled adults in self-medication management skills training: Dissertation Abstracts International.
- Stockwell, L. M. (1993). A qualitative exploration of medication-taking behaviors in the elderly: Dissertation Abstracts International.
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|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).


text: Our Rustic earthenware brings your tabletop to life with subtle pools of color. Each piece is a one-of-a-kind creation, hand glazed and detailed with a unique distressed finish that captures the rustic look of an Italian antique. This platter is perfect for serving salads, pasta or fresh fruits, or use it to create a striking display. It's crafted for us by a family-owned ceramics company in Umbria. Food-safe. Hand-wash. Made in Italy. A Williams-Sonoma exclusive.

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LG-STOVE self cleaning smooth glass top , stainless steel slide in top range convention, baker roast.Like New, $400 or best offer (251) 656-4334
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TOOLS & MORE! MOVING SALE! Portable generator, riding mower w/trlr, compressor, chainsaw, crosscut saw, pressure washer,fiberglass ladder, grills, area rugs. Call (256) 653-1290.
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MOTOR GUIDE VARI MAX Trolling Motor Transom Mount, 55 pound thrust, new with manual. $260 (205) 981-9003
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JACKET, White MINK ¾length by Goldstiens, Pd $6500 sell $3000. original Special Design. 841-5862
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CONDENSING UNITS (2) Trane 1 & 2 ton, $100-$150 Call (205) 298-0315
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FUR COAT - Haute Couture, whisky-colored swing MINK Coat w/detail. Regular $10k, REDUCED to $2k, exc. cond.! (251) 661-0615
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RIMS/TIRES 35x12.5 BFG-KM2 on 15x10 weld racing wheels, bolt pattern 6x5.5 $600 Call (251) 288-9067
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For Sale: 20' 1998 Wellcraft bowrider with Magic Tilt trailer. The 250 hp Mercruiser motor has 441 hours, has been well-maintained, runs good and it has a stainless steel prop on the outdrive. This boat holds 10 people and has plenty of storage. Included in the price: Bimini top, two anchors, two covers, and a spare tire. It can be viewed 1/4 mile east of Wal-Mart on Highway 84 in Andalusia, Alabama.Call 334-488-0883.
Web Id: ALA15151556
Published on al.com 4/20. Updated 4/20.
SURPLUS SHIPYARD EQUIPMENT - PUBLIC AUCTION Thursday, April 28th at 10am (cst)held at Raymond & Associates LLC, 14562 Shell Belt Rd W, Coden, AL 36523Auction Attendees please use Rear Entrance located between 14532 and 14534 Railroad St, Coden, AL 36523More info and pics can be seen at http://heritagerealtyandauction.com/20160428-raymondOnline bidding at https://www.proxibid.com/asp/AuctionsByCompany.asp?ahid=891Featuring:55' & 38' aluminum work boatsAerial lifts – Snorkel TB42's & TB60's, JLG 600A, Terex TB42Rough terrain cranes – Grove RT58C's & RT58D'sRough terrain forklifts – Eagle Picher 19604D, Case 586G, HysterTerex SS636 telescopic forkliftAirman PowerPro 125 towable generatorWelders – Lincoln 450's, Miller XMT 350's & Bobcat 250, Red-D-Arc EX300's & ES275i's, Miller Mark VI DFarmer#793, Heritage Realty & Auction Co Inc, 6877 Gadsden Hwy, Trussville, AL 35173. Phone 800-445-4608 or 205-661-0600. Email firstname.lastname@example.com
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December 2005
by Lt. Gen. Lawrence P. Farrell, Jr., USAF (Ret)
At a time of tightening budgets and competing priorities for defense and homeland security funds, one of the most contentious issues being debated at the Pentagon and on Capitol Hill is whether the Defense Department should take primary responsibility in disaster response and relief operations.
Clearly our soldiers, sailors, airmen, Marines and Coast Guard personnel provided timely and critically needed assistance in this season's hurricane onslaught. And it must be said military people performed admirably when other national, state and local institutions proved they were not up to the tasks at hand.
As I pointed out in last month's "President's Perspective," it is easy to see why, in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, senior officials and policy makers have called for the federal government to make the Defense Department the lead agency for disaster response. Similar discussions are underway in Canada, where the military increasingly is being integrated into emergency preparedness.
When compared to most civilian agencies, the military stands out for its superb organizational skills, and its ability to prepare and execute meticulous plans, while ensuring leaders are held accountable for their performance.
We've heard scores of examples of the outstanding efforts by the military services and the National Guard in responding to Katrina, and later, to Rita and Wilma. For Katrina, the nation saw the largest, fastest deployment of military forces for a civil support mission in U.S. history. By September 10, military forces reached their peak at nearly 72,000 — 50,000 National Guardsmen and 22,000 active duty personnel.
During the recent NDIA Expeditionary Warfare Symposium, in Panama City, Fla., Navy Capt. Richard S. Callas painted a most extraordinary picture of the relief operations he conducted as the commanding officer of the USS Iwo Jima (LHD 7), an amphibious vessel. The deployment by the military of equipment and specialist personnel in a domestic emergency is often the only way to get necessary relief to distressed citizens, as Callas noted. His ship, for example, was able to provide temporary shelter and medical care to victims of the storm and to displaced first responders.
"It boils down to this: It's the tactical movement of personnel and equipment," Callas said. "And that's exactly what we do, whether it's putting combat Marines on the beach, or putting the equipment of the amphibious construction battalions on the beach, it's still the same thing. It's combat power that's serious, and no one does it better than us."
The military should stand proud in the wake of Katrina and those other storms. But we should closely ponder whether the Defense Department should be given the lead role in future natural disasters.
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense Paul McHale said that the Pentagon is considering options to improve the training and resources that would be made available in the rare and challenging circumstance of a catastrophic event, such as Katrina. "At this point, we're looking at the potential for a greater role for the Defense Department, but the definition of that role has not yet been completed," he said.
McHale stressed, however, that the Defense Department would not assume the lead role — under the National Response Plan — in dealing with disasters that happen routinely, as opposed to Katrina-like catastrophes.
"It is almost inevitable that the Department of Defense will play a very substantial role in providing resources, equipment, command and control, and other capabilities in response to a catastrophic event," McHale said. "There is no other agency of the United States government that has the ability to marshal such resources and deploy them as quickly as the Department of Defense during a period in which thousands of American lives may be at risk."
But we must not forget the primary mission of the military. The services are organized, trained and equipped to fight the nation's wars and to defend our national interests. Any resources diverted from those missions –- whether it's for disaster relief or other domestic priorities –- could degrade those core military capabilities. Much of the Defense Department's funding goes to buy hardware – such as smart munitions, aircraft carriers and fighter jets -– that would have no use in disaster relief, but are very much needed to defend the United States from enemy attack. It would be imprudent to consider shifting any resources away from those critical capabilities, especially at a time when the services are stretched thin fighting wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The Quadrennial Defense Review, scheduled to be unveiled in February, is expected to addresses the Pentagon's role in disaster response, such as how it can share with the civilian community some of its capabilities and competencies. The Defense Department, said McHale, also is looking at various proposals to assist civilian agencies in developing WMD response capabilities.
Those are valid points of discussions that the QDR should probe in detail. But a word of warning: Policy makers must avoid setting a course that would foster a reallocation of resources that would undermine our war-fighting ability.
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For anyone interested in hearing some real quality electric blues, In Session deserves NOT to be missed! The rare studio jam between legendary guitarist Stevie Ray Vaughan and his influential mentor (and just as legendary) Albert King is all-around great stuff. The playing is top-notch and the men seem to really work well off of each other's energy and enthusiasm.
There's definitely a reason why Albert was Stevie's blues idol. As any fan of Albert King knows, he commands a song with a presence on guitar truly unmatched. There have been several true "Kings" of electric blues, but perhaps only one that could stand on a stage, bend a single note, and blow the whole crowd away; that is the legacy and awesomeness of Albert.
Posted by John Lawrence at 02/21/2012 08:00:53 AM


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Barneys New York
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This traditional, museum-quality, 100% archival cotton canvas has a natural white tone optimized for pigmented inks. Combining modern technical excellence with the texture, feel, and body that only an all-cotton canvas can deliver, it offers the highest quality for the most discerning of reproductions.
It is free of optical brightening agents, with a premium, coated, matte-textured surface that is ideal for giclée applications. Water-resistant and UV-resistant, it can be stretched and mounted with ease.
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How to Make a Payment
UMUC makes paying for your education as convenient as possible with several ways to pay.
Payments are accepted by credit card, check, money order, or electronic debits from your checking or savings account. UMUC tuition and fees are due in full at the time of registration (unless you're enrolled in our interest-free monthly payment plan or receiving financial aid or employer tuition assistance).
If you register by mail, fax, or in person, payment is due with your registration or must be mailed the day of registration.
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Payment plans for UMUC tuition and fees are administered by Educational Computer Systems, Inc. ECSI Tuition Select offers a variety of payment plans and schedules that allow you to spread out payment for tuition and fees over several months.
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- Select Payment Plan (located under the Finances section).
- From the drop-down menu, select the term for your payment plan. Once selected, you will be directed to the payment plan application page (be sure to select the appropriate term).
Note: ECSI can be contacted via phone at 1-866-927-1438.
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ivotuk wrote:Per ESPN Radio. Cowherd doesn't like it but I think it's a great fit for Andy Reid. KC is a great city with a winning tradition.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) most often affects joints in the hand, knee, hip, and spine but can affect any joint. OA can occur in one joint or several. It often affect one side of the body more than the other. Some people have symptoms that get worse, while others have symptoms that stabilize.
Hallmark symptoms of OA include:
- Increased pain and stiffness in the joint, especially when the joint is used or stressed (pain may subside while resting)
- Gradual loss of range of motion in the affected joint
- Joint instability, which may give the feeling of the joint giving out
- Grating or creaking sound when moving the joint
- Deformed or misshapen joints with or without visible nodes on the bones
- Swelling—joint may appear red or inflamed
Pain may be specific to activity and the joint affected. For example, knee pain may occur when climbing or going down stairs. Hip pain may occur when moving or bending.
If left untreated, OA can lead to significant disability.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: Michael Woods, MD
- Review Date: 05/2015 -
- Update Date: 05/20/2015 -


text:
Sequence ID: 166923537
Warning: This sequence appears to contain Vector sequences.
See evidence: Vector
- Title: Afi04_65_A06_C014.b1 Aristolochia fimbriata flower bud library Aristolochia fimbriata cDNA clone 122I9t_B11 3', mRNA sequence.
- Type: mRNA
- Length: 583 bp
- Organism: Aristolochia fimbriata
- GenBank Accession: FD750604
- This sequence was assembled into contig PUT-165a-Aristolochia_fimbriata-5854!
- Name: LIBEST_022614 Aristolochia fimbriata flower bud library
- Cultivar: Larry Rosen, S1 and S2 population
- Developmental stage: premeiotic


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Homepage > Invertebrates > Sea Invertebrates > Black Longspine Urchin > Photo no. 13003
Photo no. 13003 © Jan Sevcik
Black Longspine Urchin - 1 Photos:
(Diadema setosum)
Photo no. 13005
Photo no. 13005
Photos for publishingTo order use Order-form or E-mail
Photos for noncommercial websiteOrder is not needed. Price for one photo (4 EUR or 5 USD or 3 GBP) multiplied by quantity is the total amount to be paid. Payment is possible via PayPal (or by credit card). As purpose of payment please indicate the name of the website where the photos will be used.
Photos for private useOnline photos can be used for private - nonpublic purposes. The price is voluntary - according to your capabilities. Payment is possible via PayPal (or by credit card). Thank you for anything you can spare. Jiri Bohdal
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New Kids on the Block and The Backstreet Boys at The 02 Arena
Posted On 25 Apr 2012 By andy. Under For your diary.
If you're a massive boyband fan and you're looking for something to do this weekend, then we've got just the thing for you. Two of the biggest boy bands in pop ... Read MoreNo Comments


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Cotman, from the makers of Winsor & Newton Artist Watercolors, offers a comparatively inexpensive selection of good quality watercolors. The Cotman line includes both traditional pigments and reliable synthetic colors that replace some of the more rare and expensive pigments used in the Artist Watercolors.
Cotman colors represent superb value and are compatible with acrylics and gouache to produce combinations of opacity and transparency. Winsor & Newton recommends the following colors for the Cotman basic palette:Lemon Yellow Hue, Cadmium Yellow Pale Hue, Cadmium Red Hue, Permanent Rose, Alizarin Crimson Hue, Ultramarine, Phthalo Blue (Intense Blue), Viridian Hue, Raw Umber, Yellow Ochre, Burnt Sienna, and Chinese White.
Shipping Note — Due to manufacturer distribution restrictions, Winsor & Newton products cannot be shipped to addresses outside of North America.
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™ Winsor & Newton is a trademark. ™ Cotman is a trademark.


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Colorado Springs police say there are no charges against a substitute teacher accused of injuring a student. Their investigation is complete and the department is turning over their report to the district attorney's office.
A 12-year-old boy said the substitute at Galileo School in District 11 hit him. The boy went to the hospital Thursday afternoon. His family says he had badly bruised ribs.
The alleged incident happened at Galileo School in District 11 Thursday afternoon. The boy's father, Anthony Vargas, told 11 News he was having a hard time concentrating on work after his son told him he was injured at school.
"I was upset, I was mad, it's not right," said Vargas.
He said he was shocked to hear that his son was reportedly hurt while at Galileo. The boy says a substitute teacher forced him out of his chair.
"He grabbed him from behind and my son said he had his arms up on the desk, so he grabbed him underneath his arms by his ribcage, and bear-hugged him, is what my son basically described it as," said Vargas.
We spoke with Lori Estrada, the boy's aunt. She says another teacher witnessed the altercation. She says the teacher reportedly threw her nephew to the ground and then punched him.
"I'm very upset, very sad that this occurred and really sad that none of the parents were notified. I think this is a big deal and that parents should be aware of what's going on in the district," she said.
The seventh grader says he doesn't know why the teacher came at him.
Devra Ashby, a spokesperson with District 11, says the substitute teacher is still on unpaid administrative leave while the district investigates.
"Any time any type of allegation is made where a student is impacted, we take these allegations very seriously. We consider our students' safety our very top priority," Ashby said.
KKTV firmly believes in freedom of speech for all and we are happy to provide this forum for the community to share opinions and facts. We ask that commenters keep it clean, keep it truthful, stay on topic and be responsible. Comments left here do not necessarily represent the viewpoint of KKTV 11 News.
If you believe that any of the comments on our site are inappropriate or offensive, please tell us by clicking "Report Abuse" and answering the questions that follow. We will review any reported comments promptly.powered by Disqus


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FORT WAYNE, Ind. (21Alive) - Independence Day is an annual display of U.S. patriotism and American solidarity.
In a gift to the United States, 21Alive hit the streets of downtown Fort Wayne to see how much American history people remember using questions found in the U.S. Citizenship Test.
For more questions featured on the test, click here.
What are your thoughts CLICK HERE to leave us a "QUESTION OF THE DAY" comment.
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Findlay Market is Ohio's oldest continuously operated public market.
The Market, named after Cincinnati's third mayor, is located just blocks from downtown in Over-the-Rhine, a dense historic neighborhood rich in 19th century architecture. Open Tuesday through Sunday, Findlay Market is home year-around to about two dozen indoor merchants selling meat, fish, poultry, produce, flowers, cheese, deli, and ethnic foods. On Thursdays, Saturdays and Sundays from April to November the Market also hosts a thriving farmers market, dozens of outdoor vendors, numerous street performers, and lots of special events.
Findlay Market is a gathering place for people from all over the city. It routinely attracts perhaps the most socially, economically, racially, and ethnically diverse crowds found anywhere in Cincinnati. They come for the sights and sounds and smells of an old-fashioned public market, for the great variety of fabulous fresh foods, for bargains, for people watching, and for a quintessentially urban shopping experience.
-Findlay Market


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Pittsburgh International Airport Ambassadors are volunteers from the community who donate their time to provide courteous and friendly assistance and provide a warm welcome to visitors. Ambassadors can make things simple in a busy airport. Ambassadors are what Pittsburgh and Southwestern Pennsylvania are all about.
Ambassadors are stationed throughout the International Arrivals area and can be identified by their black vests. Additionally, they should be wearing a gold or white shirt or blouse, black or khaki pants or skirts and a volunteer nametag.
If you would like more information concerning the Ambassador program, call 412.472.5674.
To become an Ambassador, apply here using the Volgistics online application. Please complete this form and return it to:


text:
Naruto Shippūden: Legends: Akatsuki Rising
6,124pages on
this wiki
this wiki
|Naruto Shippūden: Legends: Akatsuki Rising
|Video game info
|Playable on
|PlayStation Portable
|Release Date
|October 6, 2009
Naruto Shippūden: Legends: Akatsuki Rising is an adventure game for the PSP created by Namco Bandai Games America. The game is the "sequel" to Naruto: Uzumaki Chronicles 2. The game features 17 playable characters.
This game covers the Kazekage Rescue Arc.
Playable Characters
Although the story mode game of the game only goes up until the Kazekage Rescue Arc, it also features playable characters from the Sasuke and Sai Arc.
- Naruto Uzumaki
- Sakura Haruno
- Kakashi Hatake
- Shikamaru Nara
- Rock Lee
- Neji Hyūga
- Tenten
- Might Guy
- Gaara
- Kankurō
- Temari
- Itachi Uchiha
- Kisame Hoshigaki
- Deidara
- Sasori (playable only while in Hiruko or while using the Third Kazekage)
- Sai
- Sasuke Uchiha
|Star for Chapter 1: Naruto's Homecoming
|Clear after defeating all enemies.
|Star for Chapter 2: Invaders of the Sand
|Clear without taking any damage.
|Star for Chapter 3: The Sand Fights Back!
|Clear after breaking all lanterns.
|Star for Chapter 4: To the Sand!
|Clear without using Ninjutsu.
|Star for Chapter 5: Dependable Backup
|Clear without any scrolls equipped.
|Star for Chapter 6: Itachi's Power
|Clear without using healing items.
|Star for Chapter 7: The Five-Seal Barrier
|Clear in 10 minutes.
|Star for Chapter 8: Voice of Rage
|Clear without using attack items.
|Star for Chapter 9: Enter Sasori
|Clear after defeating 50 enemies.
|Star for Chapter 10: Entrusted Thoughts
|Clear after defeating 5 enemies.


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Casterly Rock
this wiki
Casterly Rock is the ancestral stronghold of House Lannister. It is located on the Western coast of Westeros on a rocky promontory overlooking the Sunset Sea. It overlooks the major city of Lannisport. A major goldmine is located under Casterly Rock. It is one of the most productive in the realm and provides House Lannister with their wealth.[1]
According to tradition, the castle was originally held by the House Casterly, the old Kings of the Rock. They were hoodwinked into giving the Rock to Lann the Clever, a legendary trickster and ancestor of House Lannister, thousands of years ago, during the Age of Heroes.[2]
Notable residents
- Lord Tywin Lannister, Lord of Casterly Rock, Warden of the West, and Lord Paramount of the Westerlands, head of House Lannister.
- Ser Kevan Lannister, Tywin's younger brother and closest adviser.
In the books
In the A Song of Ice and Fire novels, Casterly Rock is one of the most formidable and well-defended castles in all of Westeros. It is located on the west coast of the continent, just north of the city of Lannisport, and is built into an immense rock formation. According to legends, it has never fallen in battle.
The castle consists of fortifications built into and on top of the Rock, with additional catacombs, dungeons and redoubts built deep into the bowels of the formation. The castle's primary entrance is the heavily-defended Lion's Mouth.
- ↑ "The Complete Guide to Westeros: House Lannister" featurette, Season 1 Blu Ray boxset
- ↑ HBO viewers guide, season 2 map, Casterly Rock entry
See also
|Queen Regent Cersei Lannister
|Casterly Rock
|The Westerlands
|Lord Paramount of the Westerlands · Lord of Casterly Rock · Warden of the West · King of the Rock (pre-War of Conquest)
|Lann the Clever · Tommen II Lannister · Loren Lannister · Damon Lannister
|Current members:
|Kevan Lannister · Tyrion Lannister · Jaime Lannister · Dorna Lannister · Lancel Lannister · Cynda Lannister · Lyman Lannister
|Deceased members:
|Tytos Lannister · Joanna Lannister · Stafford Lannister · Alton Lannister · Martyn Lannister · Willem Lannister · Orson Lannister · Tywin Lannister
|Podrick Payne · Bronn · Gregor Clegane · {Amory Lorch} · {Polliver} · {Rorge} · {Biter}
|House Baratheon of King's Landing
|Regional Capital:
Casterly Rock
Lannisport · Banefort · The Crag · Castamere · Ashemark · Golden Tooth · Sarsfield · Hornvale · Faircastle · Feastfires · Clegane's Keep · Deep Den · Silverhill · Cornfield · Crakehall · Oxcross
|Rivers and Lakes:
|Geographic Features:


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The following article was first published in the Victoria Times-Colonist of British Columbia on April 16, 2007
Thirteen-year-olds aren't meant to have obituaries. The recent one for Carley Kohnen read that "she passed away tragically at Summit Park, Victoria."
Carley, who was allergic to dairy products and peanuts, attended Lansdowne Middle School. The bubbly teen had been hanging out at the mall with her friends after school. She ate a burrito and then the group headed over to the park. Soon, Carley began struggling to breathe.
With her EpiPen in her locker at school, the friends called the ambulance, desperate to get help. But in an anaphylactic reaction, the severe form of allergic response, every second is precious. There just wasn't enough time to save Carley.
Her death is shocking and tragic. But what British Columbians need to realize are two things: It didn't have to happen and, if changes aren't made to better protect allergic kids, it is likely to happen again.
Anaphylactic reactions can be prevented, through constant vigilance. This means reading ingredients on every label of every food package to avoid your allergy triggers.
It means always asking servers questions about menu items, and obeying the cardinal rule of the food-allergic: Never eat without your EpiPen auto-injector at hand – just in case an allergen has contaminated your food.
But vigilance and the teenager are an uneasy match. As Carley's grieving father told the Times Colonist, teens – even allergic ones – think "they're indestructible."
His daughter, unfortunately, was not an anomaly. Teenagers are by far the most vulnerable group to fatality from food-allergic reactions. An Ontario study published in 2000 reviewed 20 deaths from reactions to peanuts and tree nuts. Most were girls aged 14 and 15.
A U.S. study has just been published in the April issue of the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. It examines 31 food allergy deaths, from which these stark facts emerge: Most were teenagers, and most were not carrying their auto-injectors and had eaten foods away from home.
The risk has also significantly increased because of the sheer volume of kids living with serious food allergies. In May 2004 the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York published a groundbreaking study that identified a doubling of food allergy in five years. Dr. Hugh Sampson, the lead author, concluded that "nearly four per cent of Americans are afflicted … a prevalence much higher than appreciated in the past."
That's 11 million people, with the highest incidence in children. In Canada, researchers estimate a prevalence that's just slightly less: About one million Canadians have food allergies.
As a society, we can do more to protect the legions of kids who today live with the risk of anaphylaxis. Parents of allergic kids instill the food-allergy rules. But once children are of school age, these rules need reinforcement from teachers and fellow students and friends.


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Experience the silence, darkness, and beauty of one-of-a-kind Eclipse™ curtains -- a collection of stylish, energy-saving, light-reducing, thermal window curtains. Create the optimal sleep environment with Eclipse blackout curtains - designed to block out over 99% of light and reduce unwanted noise so you can get a better night's sleep. Tranform any room into the ultimate home theater and watch your favorite movies at home.
Wrinkle Removal:
To remove creases caused by folding, put panels into dryer along with a clean damp cloth or dish towel, and tumble dry on low heat for approximately 20 minutes. Immediately remove panels and hang. For stubborn wrinkles, press the panel on the face side using a warm iron. DO NOT STEAM, DO NOT IRON WHITE FLOCKED BACKING on the panel. For suede panel, place a clean cloth, dish towel or pressing cloth over the wrinkle and iron from the face side of the panel.


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Posted on 9/25/2012
Rebecca Woodcock
Spend the morning at Triad Park on Saturday, October 6, for a Bird Watching for Beginners class! The class is free to the public and will be located at Triad Park's Shelter #2 from 9:00 am – 11:30 am.
The class will be held by Liz Schmid, the owner of Wild Birds Unlimited in High Point and former member of the Audubon Society. The class will go over the basics of binoculars, how to identify birds, where to look for birds in the Triad area, learn how to use a field guide, plus take a bird walk!
Participants should bring their own sunscreen, insect repellent and water bottle, and wear comfortable hiking clothes/shoes. Programs are designed for all ages, but children ages 16 and below must be accompanied by an adult.
Contact Paulette Dodson at (336) 399-8105 for more information and to reserve your space!
Bird Watching for Beginners
4201 Manor House Circle
Clemmons, NC 27012
(336) 703-6400
Mailing Address
4061 Clemmons Road
Clemmons, NC 27012
Tanglewood Dog Park Status Line:
Copyright © 2016 Forsyth County | Contact the Webmaster | Site Map


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You'll become one of the most loveable and unique characters around when you wear the Adult Bear Mascot Costume. This costume order comes with a plush jumpsuit that has attached feet and paws and a large bear mask. The outfit will be ideal for several events. As a Halloween costume, it'll be second to none, but you may also wear it to your town's local sporting event. If the bears are your town's mascot, then this outfit will be the right one for you. The costume is made from a strong material that will make it resistant to normal wear and tear, so be prepared to have this costume around for a long time. We also suggest checking out a few accessories that may complement this order. Add them to this costume before purchasing.
Our Price: $169.97
Our Price: $25.97
Our Price: $99.99


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Showing 1 - 23 items
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Cassie's Garden Broccoli Seed Callus Whip
No longer available
Wear your vegetables. This Broccoli Seed Callus Whip has a rich, decadent texture. Broccoli seed oil moisturizes the skin, so though the whip is non-greasy, it does add a slight sheen to your body.
Moisturizes dry skin.
1 oz.
No parabens, sulfates or heavy metals.
See Dimensions + Care for ingredients.
Made in the USA.


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VANCOUVER, British Columbia – After reports of a 30-minute sellout, Saturday's night's UFC 115 event drew a reported 17,000 fans to GM Place in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The pay-per-view event was the promotion's first trip to a Canadian city other than Montreal.
UFC president Dana White released the figure at the evening's post-event press conference while also reporting a live gate of $4.2 million.
"UFC 115: Liddell vs. Franklin" featured a headliner between former light heavyweight champion Chuck Liddell and former middleweight champion Rich Franklin. The pair served as opposing coaches on "The Ultimate Fighter 11," albeit only for the final week of taping.
Of course, Franklin's headliner slot came about when former light heavyweight champion and original "TUF 11" coach Tito Ortiz was forced to walk away from the Spike TV series due to a neck injury.
UFC 115's heavily partisan crowd only found satisfaction in one of three bouts that featured Canadians. Welterweight Claude Patrick, a resident of Toronto, was the sole Canuck fighter to emerge victorious at the event.
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UFC 113, which took place on May 8 in Montreal, beat out Vancouver with a reported 17,647 attendees but lagged in revenue with a reported $3.27 million gate.
UFC 115's reported attendance figure represents an average revenue of $247.06 per ticket issued. The total number of comp tickets was not released.
For complete coverage of UFC 115, check out UFC Events section of MMAjunkie.com (www.mmajunkie.com).


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Norwich Union Life appoints HHM to handle ads
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Kolesar, who achieved his dream of playing in the NHL with the Toronto Maple Leafs, has settled into a coaching role, guiding his son Mason and a group of nine-year-old players on the 9A Brandon Wheat Kings team.
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May 6, 2016
Officials in Jones County said a driver was trapped in their vehicle near Pollocksville just before 6PM on Saturday evening.
Deputies with the Jones County Sheriff's office confirmed the driver was trapped in a vehicle on Island Creek Road near Pollocksville in Jones County.
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Investigators have not yet identified the driver or cause of the wreck. No word on the driver's condition.
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