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Land Use
Jacobson and Primm (1994) gave a detailed account of the historical land use of the Ozark Plateau, which is outlined in this section. The headwaters of the St. Francis River basin have undergone the same type of land disturbances that are typical of the Ozark Plateau. Suppression of wildfire was followed by mining, highly selective upland logging, annual burning to support open range for grazing, transient attempts at upland row cropping, a second intensive timber cutting concentrated on the slopes, and most recently, increased grazing intensity.
Prior to the 1800s, the subbasin was in the historic pine range -- a wildfire-maintained upland savannah dominated by shortleaf pine with a prairie grass understory. The steep valley walls grew lush forests of oak, hickory, and pine, while the valley bottoms produced dense stands of bottomland hardwoods.
Early prospectors mined mineral deposits (lead, zinc, silver, iron) on the slopes of the St. Francois Mountains. During the early settlement period (1800-1880) settlers raised crops in the valleys and grazed livestock on the forested hillsides and the natural grass of the uplands. Small logging operations selectively cut old growth timber in the uplands and a network of roads was developed. Land disturbances caused by early settlement had minimal effect on runoff and erosion.
During the timber boom (1880-1920), large-scale timber operations began. Many settlers moved to the region for jobs. Log drives down streams could be large and logs were not tied into rafts. In 1909, Missouri began regulating log drives because they were dangerous and damaged stream banks. By 1920, most of the marketable shortleaf pine and hardwoods had been cut and the larger mills ceased operation.
Many of the unemployed loggers and lumber mill workers settled on the cut-over land vacated by the departing timber companies. Indiscriminate logging took more, the remnant forest was burned each year to increase grass production, livestock over-grazed the newly converted range land, and bottomland agriculture (row crops and livestock) expanded.
Agriculture peaked from 1940 to 1950, then decreased. Passage of an open range law, fewer range fires, acquisition of public lands, improved soil conservation practices, and reforestation of marginal pasture and row crop acreage all contributed to improved watersheds.
The entire Bootheel region of Missouri (which includes the lower subbasin of the St. Francis River) has undergone a total landscape transformation from an immense swampland forest, with intermingled streams, lakes, swamps, bayous, and sloughs, to a vast agricultural area.
This conversion to agriculture required more than 200 years and three extensive land disturbances: drainage, clearing, and flood control. Major drainage and flood control projects were aided by direct and indirect government involvement in planning and construction. This included levees, Wappapello Lake and other storage reservoirs, Headwater Diversion Channel, floodways, cutoffs, ditches, pump stations, and mainstem channelization. Clearing was dependent on successful drainage and flood control programs. Reclamation clearing was accomplished by private enterprise (logging followed by agriculture) on drained lands, with government encouragement through land grants, land promotions, price supports, liberal allotments, and special subsidies. Land reclamation was, at first, a slow and difficult process. In 1912, just four percent of the Bootheel forests had been cut (MDC 1989). By 1989, however, only 10 percent of the forests remained and 96 percent of the wetland acres had been drained (USCOE 1991). The development of modern machinery greatly accelerated land reclamation, especially between 1950 and 1970.
This subbasin is 77 percent woodland, 10 percent grassland, 7 percent cropland, and 6 percent other land uses, which includes industrial, urban, and water developments (MDNR 1984)(Figure Lu01). Small cropland tracts are most often restricted to the wider mainstem floodplains in St. Francois County, while grasslands (hay fields and pasture) tend to be associated with bottoms and cleared ridge-tops in Iron, Madison, and Wayne counties. Land use patterns have apparently stabilized.
The woodlands are usually large upland tracts of oak-hickory forest dominated by a black-scarlet oak association (45%) and a secondary white oak association (31%). Succession is toward conversion to a more desirable white oak forest type. The tracts are considered moderately (56%) to poorly (26%) stocked with proportional stand size-classes of 49 percent sawtimber, 33 percent poletimber and 18 percent seedlings and saplings (Leatherberry 1990). Most of the woodlands (71%) are privately owned; 19 percent are under state or federal stewardship. Livestock grazing in woodlands can present some ecological and hydrologic concerns relating to canopy closure, understory development, leaf litter accumulation, and soil compaction.
A local mining industry (iron, lead, zinc, quarried red granite) and various small urban centers provide important components of the basin's economy. Small farms are common throughout the basin, but most farm operators supplement their incomes with off-farm employment.
The subbasin is mostly rural and sparsely populated (MDNR 1986). The communities of Farmington, Fredericktown, and Ironton and the area surrounding Wappapello Lake are experiencing the greatest population growth. Uncontrolled sediment and stormwater runoff at construction sites can pose localized problems. There are no industrial developments, associated with the small urban centers, that pose serious threats to local streams.
Land use patterns (clearing and reclamation) stabilized after the most recent flood control (major levees) and drainage (mainstem channelization) projects were completed during the early 1970s. Presently, the subbasin is 90 percent cropland and pasture (predominately row crop) and only 10 percent forest (MDNR 1984) (Figure Lu01). Agriculture is the most important industry in the subbasin as indicated by the high percentage of cropland. No significant change in land use is expected in the future. Woodland conversion to cropland is dependent on additional drainage, which is now seldom economically feasible because the woodlands are widely scattered and newly enacted legislation.
The remnant woodlands are old growth oak-gum-cypress forest types that occupy low, moist soil sites. Wooded tracts are considered poorly stocked with proportional stand size-classes of 92 percent sawtimber, 7 percent poletimber, and only one percent seedlings or saplings (Hansen 1991). Most of the woodlands are now under state or federal stewardship; 28 percent of the woodland resource remains in private ownership.
The larger, wide-based levees throughout the subbasin are often used to produce hay crops. Sometimes the smaller, steeper-sloped levees are fenced and used as seasonal pasture for livestock (Norman 1973).
The subbasin has a sparse population concentrated in the small communities of Bloomfield, Puxico, Cardwell, Puxico, Arbyrd, Dudley, Qulin, and western Dexter (MDNR 1986a). Some of these communities are located on the vulnerable inside portion of the setback St. Francis River Levee, but are protected from flooding by secondary levee systems. There are no industrial developments associated with these small, suburban communities that pose serious threats to local streams and drainage ditches.
The upper subbasin contains three completed small watershed Special Area Land Treatment projects (SALT) and one completed large watershed EARTH project.
- VILLAGE CREEK SALT (Project Number S-159), a 3,845-acre treatment area in the Little St. Francis River watershed in northeast Madison County, was conducted from 1994-1999 by the Madison County Soil and Water Conservation District (SWCD). The project addressed sheet and gully erosion on woodlands, pasture, and streambanks through livestock fencing, rotational grazing, re-seeding, and pond construction. Landowner participation was considered light. Accomplishments included treating 1,442 acres of grassland (over-seeded and fertilized), fencing 124 woodland acres to exclude livestock, building five ponds to stop gully erosion, and developing four springs (Selma Mascaro, Madison County SWCD, Personal Communication).
- PEACHTREE FORK SALT (Project Number S-136), a 3,241-acre treatment area in the Clark Creek watershed in northwest Wayne County, was conducted from 1993 to 1998 with variable funding from the Wayne County SWCD. The project addressed sheet and gully erosion, primarily on woodlands and pasture, and some cropland acreage through livestock fencing, rotational grazing, re-seeding, cropland rotation, and dry-hole pond construction. Incentives included special rental rates for a seed drill and 75 percent cost sharing for seed, fencing, and pond construction. Landowner interest was low; only 391 acres were adequately treated and most of this was on woodlands (Tom Johnson, Wayne County NRCS, Personal Communication).
- FLATWOODS SALT (Project Number S-020), a 2,908-acre treatment area in the Rock Creek watershed in east Iron County, was started in 1988 and terminated in 1991 after a total expenditure of $35,000 by the Iron County SWCD. The project emphasized woodland stewardship and sheet and gully erosion on pastures through proper planning of timber harvest, re-seeding, and pond construction. The project resulted in a number of completed farm plans, about 1,075 acres of pasture re-seeded with warm and cool season grasses, one gully control structure installed, and a spring-fed watering tank for livestock. Livestock fencing was not an approved practice. Thirty-four out of 75 eligible landowners took advantage of the free use of a seed drill, but did not often apply for cost-share seed benefits (Edward Templeton, Iron County NRCS, Personal Communication).
- CRANE POND CREEK EARTH (Project Number E-023), an 11,164-acre treatment area in east Iron County, was conducted from 1994 to 1999 by the Iron County SWCD. The goal of the EARTH project was to treat at least 75 percent of the 9,489 acres needing treatment. The area was divided into cropland, pasture, woodland, gullies, and other land classes. A total of 70% or 6,567 acres were treated using cost share funds (Kenny Wooten, Iron County NRCS, Personal Communication).
The lower subbasin has no planned, ongoing, or completed SALT or EARTH watershed projects. Also, no soil conservation projects authorized by the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (PL-566 projects) have been planned or completed in either subbasin.
Public ownership in the basin totals more than 218,600 acres, with about 83 percent of the public lands located in the upper subbasin and 17 percent in the lower subbasin. The Mark Twain National Forest (U.S. Forest Service) is the largest public landowner in the upper subbasin with 90,200 acres of scattered upland forest tracts, which contain little permanent water. The MDC owns about 46,800 acres, which includes 28 Conservation Areas that are managed as upland and bottomland forests, waterfowl hunting areas, or stream accesses (Table Lu01 and Table Lu02). The USCOE project lands around Wappapello Lake total 44,300 acres, and are managed primarily for timber and upland wildlife resources. The USFWS operates the 22,000-acre Mingo National Wildlife Refuge in the lower subbasin as a waterfowl refuge. The MDNR provides multiple recreation opportunities on 15,011 acres in four state parks (Elephant Rocks, St. Joe, Sam A. Baker, Wappapello) in the upper subbasin.
The St. Francis River basin lies within two USCOE jurisdictions, the St. Louis and Memphis Districts. The St. Louis District is responsible for the upper subbasin, including Wappapello Lake and the operation of Wappapello Dam for the purpose of downstream flood control. The Memphis District is responsible for the waters in the lower subbasin, below Wappapello Dam, but does provide input on water released through the dam. All applications or inquiries regarding 404 permits need to be directed to the appropriate district office:
St. Louis District USCOE
Regulatory Office
1222 Spruce Street
St. Louis, MO 63103-2833
Telephone: (314) 331-8579
Memphis District USCOE
Regulatory Branch
167 N. Main Street
Room B-202
Memphis, TN 38103-1894
Telephone: (901) 544-3471.


text: This semester, thousands of college students around the country, including dozens at a Texas A&M University campus, won't be able to hide their studying habits from the prying eyes of their professors. With the new platform CourseSmart Analytics, professors are able to see the students' level of engagement - how much of digital texts students have read, whether they highlight passages or took notes and how much time they spent on their readings. A beta version of CourseSmart is being tested at several universities during the spring semester serving about 4,000 students, and officials hope to roll it out fully by the fall, said spokeswoman Cindy Clark. The goal is to move away from traditional textbooks and methods and help give faculty an insight into their students' behaviors, she said. "Only about 55 percent of college students graduate within six years," Clark said. "This illustrates the demand within higher education for a tool that would help students be more successful in their studies and graduate on time." The system works through a dashboard that tracks the students' progress in the texts. An "engagement index" aggregates data points and an instructor can evaluate the material and intervene early with students that appear to be struggling, she said. Read more at the Houston's Chronicle's website.

subset: commoncrawl


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Our Luxurious Bedrooms
Our bedrooms are designed to immerse you in pure luxury and are amongst the most spacious in any luxury 4 star hotel ranging in size from our Executive Suites at 806 sq. Ft or 75 sq. m. to our Penthouse Suites at 1,720 sq Ft. or 160 sq. m of space.
Great thought and devotion has gone into every detail of our rooms to ensure that they offer you the most luxurious surroundings and amenities to make your stay unforgettable.
The rooms emanate the charming sophistication of a luxury Irish country hotel twinned with all the modern touches, including entertainment systems, simple but brilliant scene lighting and high speed internet access as well as mini bar access and of course all rooms commanding views of the rugged textures and natural hues of this magnificent location.
However, what are rooms and suites without a bathroom that matches in both elegance and decadence? Our bathrooms have been designed to deliver an indulgent experience like no other!
Your Harvey's Point accommodation experience will be remembered as completely unique. Each of our hotel bedrooms has been bespokely furnished and include
• Separate entrance foyer and lobby to ensure complete privacy
• King Size beds-(Some are Four Poster).
• Large spacious bathroom with double bath, power shower and double sink unit. (A double Jacuzzi bath is included instead of double bath depending on your choice of bedroom.)
• Full Mini Bar/ Complimentary WI-FI.
• 42 inch Plasma TV.
• Complimentary Fresh Cookies, Fresh Fruit and Fresh Milk are delivered to each bedroom, daily.
• All bedrooms command outstanding views of the surrounding rugged Donegal Landscape and some enjoy a view of Lough Eske.
Lakeshore Suites
We also offer 8 bespoke Lakeshore Suites with sweeping views of the Lake and a separate outside seating area in each one. These are located along a walk way approximately 30 seconds from the main hotel reception.
These are very popular with all nature lovers and offer you the opportunity to become even closer to the surrounding Donegal landscape and our family of swans!
Our guests who bring their pets love to stay in these bedrooms.
We pride ourselves as being one of the most unique 4 Star luxury hotels in the country and look forward to your visit.


text: Info Search results 2 items matching your search terms. Filter the results. Item type Select All/None Collection Page Event File Folder Form Folder Image Link News Item Templated Document Collection Person New items since Yesterday Last week Last month Ever Sort by relevance · date (newest first) · alphabetically Diabetes Group Session Appointments are available for established, returning patients. New patients who intend to begin receiving care from our clinic can be seen as well. Our program is ADA Self Management Education approved. Located in For Patients / Preparing for Your Visit in Our Clinic Dietitian Visit We look forward to working with you and your doctor to improve your nutritional health. Located in For Patients / Preparing for Your Visit in Our Clinic


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NEW YORK — The TVB (www.tvb.org), the not-for-profit trade association of America's commercial broadcast television industry today issued the following statement from Steve Lanzano, President and CEO of the TVB: "Following the devastating Hurricane event of last week, the New York TV DMA was hit with a significant Nor'easter causing a second bout of power
Statement of TVB President and CEO Steve Lanzano on TV Station Digital Coverage of Hurricane and Nor'easter
"Watching cable news because you want to become better informed is like going to Olive Garden because you want to live in Italy." – Andy Borowitz, The New Yorker
The Shining Bastion of Democracy in Action is… Television
This season, NBC's The Voice has averaged nearly 11 million viewers per episode. Each episode of ABC's Dancing With The Stars brings in over 12 million viewers. They're among the highest-rated programs on Primetime TV for the season, a pattern that's held for over a decade, since the first episode of American Idol took hold of American television and never let
NADA Presentation Preview
TVB President Steve Lanzano gives a quick video preview of the TVB's presentation to the NADA, coming in February 2013. NADA_Video_5-10_2012-1
Doubt The Power Of TV At Your Own Risk
A recent article by SAY Media led off with the rather misleading headline of "Off The Grid 2012," which would tend to imply that Americans – likely voters, specifically – are simply unplugging and walking away from all media. Their conclusion is, "much broadcast advertising is wasted…" Say, what? TVB President, Steve Lanzano responds in
Digital Advertising's Geography Test
The digital footprint just got a little…smaller. Borrell Associates, the digital media advertising research company, recently announced that they have developed 513 "DMRs" (Digital Marketing Regions) across the country to help to measure spending in digital advertising on a local level. To this news, we say "welcome aboard." Without a measurement of local impact, it's
Primetime Across America
Now that we're quickly approaching the new primetime television season, we thought it might be interesting to turn our typical "what shows are people watching in the local markets" analysis on its ear. Instead, how about we take a look at which markets shows are watching, so to speak. So here's a quick look at
NBC Affiliates Covered in Record Breaking Olympic Gold
Here it is, seventeen days after the Opening Ceremonies of the 2012 London Olympics, and we've learned a few things. We learned that badminton is at least as intense off the court as it is on court, we've learned who Jessie J is, and we may just have learned that viewers are always going to
Global Champions, Homegrown Heroes
US Olympic Athletes Spur Local Television Viewing Every two years, we watch with pride as our young athletes compete against the world's best contenders for Olympic glory. Perhaps because the essence of Olympic excellence – strength, courage, hard work – so closely echoes the tenets of our national character, Americans flock naturally to the media


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A Springs man is acquitted after he was accused of impersonating a police officer and sexually assaulting a woman he reportedly knew.
The Colorado Springs Police Department arrested 24-year-old Stephen Frazier for the crime in November of 2012. A year later, a jury found him not guilty of the charges.
The accuser in the case told police that she had been sexually assaulted by an undercover Colorado Springs police officer.
Cops said the accuser is acquainted with Frazier. He is not a police officer with CSPD or any other law enforcement agency. He did work as a security guard.
KKTV firmly believes in freedom of speech for all and we are happy to provide this forum for the community to share opinions and facts. We ask that commenters keep it clean, keep it truthful, stay on topic and be responsible. Comments left here do not necessarily represent the viewpoint of KKTV 11 News.
If you believe that any of the comments on our site are inappropriate or offensive, please tell us by clicking "Report Abuse" and answering the questions that follow. We will review any reported comments promptly.powered by Disqus
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Metal-Lidded Glass Jars
Act fast! Items with prices ending in $0.99 are final sale.
No longer available
Top it off. Perfect for storing staples like flour and sugar in the kitchen, these Metal-Lidded Glass Jars are also great for keeping craft supplies and cotton balls clean and protected. The tight-fitting tops open easily with a simple metal clasp.
• Glass body, metal top.
• Various sizes.
• Hand wash; do not microwave.
• Imported.


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You must earn 10,000 points to post other members' whiteboard
Congratulations on Earning over 1.77 MM points, enjoy your nice red sedan. Very few buddies ever reach that level,. that is commitment. Wishing you the very best in life. . Lets be buddies also. .. Shep
1002 cons days posting very dedicated.
You are tied for # 9 on the 30 day points leader board. Lets be buddies also
Congrats on a thousand straight days !!! ... Wanna be buds ???
Congratulations on having the energy to post for 1,000 consecutive days. Keep up the Great Work. Want to become buddies??? Warren {:-)
Congratulations on 1,000 consecutive days!
Hi Speed, Congratulation on reaching the 1000 Day Mark, Lots of hard work, Have a great day.. Wanna be buddys


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Discover Nature Photo Contest Rules
Learn the rules and technical requirements before playing the Missouri Department of Conservation's latest photo contest.
Quick-start tips
Important! Be sure to browse all the Official Contest Rules on this page.
- Take a photo that shows what discovering nature in Missouri means to you.
- Choose one of these social media: Google+, Instagram, or Twitter. These have proven to work well with the tagboard system. Make sure your privacy settings are set to public.
- Type the hashtag #MDCdiscovernature — along with a description of the subject and where you took it — into the subject line. Here's an example: "Eagles feeding at Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area #MDCdiscovernature."
- Attach your nature photo and send it.
- After a few hours, check the #MDCdiscovernature tagboard to see if it has appeared.
Please see Discover Nature Photo Contest Advisories for more details about choosing and using social media services for this photo contest.
What do I win?
- Eleven chances (January through November) to get your great Missouri nature photo published in the January 2015 issue of the Missouri Conservationist.
- Each month of 2014, Department staff will pick a winning photo and post it on the Discover Nature Photo Contest Winners page, usually within the first couple weeks of the new month.
- We'll publish all eleven monthly winners in the January 2015 issue of the Missouri Conservationist.
How will the Department contact me if I win?
- If you are a winner, Department staff will contact you through the social networking site you used to submit photos. So be sure to monitor that account.
Official Contest Rules
Time frame
- The Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) Discover Nature Photo Contest begins January 1, 2014, and ends on November 15, 2014, at 5:00 p.m. Central Daylight Time.
Who can play
- You must be 18 years or older and cannot be an active employee of the Missouri Department of Conservation.
- By submitting any and all entries, you agree to the rules of the contest and affirm that you are 18 years or older.
- Parents may enter photos taken by their children, but they must include the child's name and age in the photo caption.
- If you've won a magazine or newspaper contest with your photo(s) already, please let someone else have a chance.
- MDC staff will determine winners' eligibility based on information submitted.
What to enter
- Up to 10 photos per month.
- Photos taken in Missouri that include scenes of native wildlife, plants, and/or natural places. It's OK to include people and pets in your nature shots. Strive to show what discovering nature in Missouri means to you.
- Include photo captions with all submissions. Captions should include the following:
- The subject of the photo
- The location of the photo
- Any other information you'd like us to know about the photo.
Technical requirements
- Size: Photos MUST be at least 2,000 pixels wide or larger. Some social networking sites may automatically resize images to a smaller size or may not accept large images. If that is the case, MDC will assume that you, the submitter, have read the rules and are only submitting images that are available in at least a 2,000-pixel size. When MDC has selected an image as a winner, staff will contact submitters and ask for the high-resolution file to be sent directly. If you cannot produce an image of sufficient resolution, then staff will select an alternate winner.
- Format: Photos MUST be in JPG format.
- Editing: Photos that have been digitally altered beyond standard optimization (cropping, small corrections to color, contrast or exposure, dust removal) will NOT be accepted.
- By entering the contest, you grant to the Missouri Department of Conservation a royalty-free, worldwide, perpetual and non-exclusive license to reproduce, display, distribute and publish your photo in any MDC media, including magazines, websites, books, and exhibits or other publications managed by MDC, in context of this photo contest only. Images will not be used by MDC for purposes unrelated to the promotion of this photo contest and display of the winners. You retain all other rights to your photos.
- Department staff will choose a monthly winner and display it on the Discover Nature Photo Contest Winners page.
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$299 Find out what your Google Analytics mean, how to read them, and what to do next. Are you … Continue Reading…
"I felt the info and meeting was very helpful to us in having a better understanding to how we can improve our marketing plan for SEO etc." -Recent Customer Testimonial - Read More


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Getting older can come with a variety of health challenges. But you can take action to maintain good health and reduce your risk of disease and disability. Exercise, good nutrition, regular health screenings, getting vaccines, having enough sleep, and participating in activities you enjoy are just a few ways to promote healthy aging. The National Institute on Aging at NIH has information about these topics and more.
The resources listed here are based on evidence from scientific research. From looking deep within cells at what causes aging to testing the effects of healthy behaviors or other approaches, we have revealed some secrets to aging well. While the chances of discovering one magic pill or potion to fight off all the effects of aging may be slim, scientists believe that today's research will lead to tomorrow's interventions for a longer, healthier life.
The NIA supports the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), America's longest-running scientific study of human aging, begun in 1958. BLSA scientists are learning what happens as people age and how to sort out changes due to aging from those due to disease or other causes. Learn more about the BLSA »


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Related Movies
Seventh Son
|Release Date: February 06, 2015
|Running Time: 120 mins.
|MPAA Rating: PG 13
|Box Office: $17,176,900.00
|Genre: Adaptation, Adventure, Fantasy
Jeff Bridges
Susan Bridges
Julianne Moore
Alicia Vikander
All Cast & Crew >>
Summary:In a time of enchantments when legends and magic collide, the sole remaining warrior of a mystical order travels to find a prophesized hero born with incredible powers, the last Seventh Son. Torn from his quiet life as a farmhand, the unlikely young hero embarks on a daring adventure with his battle-hardened mentor to vanquish a dark queen and the army of supernatural assassins she has dispatched against their kingdom.


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- Nov 18:
- Opponents of Christo's Over The River art project make last legal stand
- Oct 30:
- Christo's Over The River won't get Colorado Supreme Court hearing
- Apr 24:
- Colorado Supreme Court to hear arguments over Christo project
- Apr 23:
- Opponents of Christo's Over The River plead case to Colorado high court
- Feb 25:
- Group pleads for re-hearing of appeal to stop Christo's Over The River
- Feb 12:
- Appeals court upholds state OK of Christo's Over The River project
- Over The River opponents lose state court appeal
- Jan 26:
- Opponents of Christo's Over The River file appeal
- Jan 6:
- Foes vow continued fight against Christo's Over The River project
- Jan 3:
- Judge keeps door open for Christo's "Over the River" art project
- Aug 24:
- Christo, wrapped up in Colorado for 22 years and counting
- Aug 22:
- Artist Christo says river project at a standstill
- Oct 23:
- Christo opponents file appeal of district court OK of Over The River
Christo will talk about two works in progress, including Over the River planned for southern Colorado and the Mastaba, a project planned for Abu Dhabi featuring 410,000 multicolored oil barrels stacked to form sparkling colors to highlight Islamic architecture.
Christo is scheduled to speak Aug. 23 in Snowmass Village and Aug. 24 in Telluride.
Over the River would feature nearly six miles of silvery fabric panels suspended in sections along a 42-mile stretch of the Arkansas River between Salida (suh-LY'-duh) and Canon (KAN'-yen) City. The Bureau of Land Management has granted a permit for the temporary two-week project, but it is on hold pending lawsuits filed by opponents in state and federal courts.


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The Mid-Coast Forum on Foreign Relations recently hosted a talk by Ambassador Vicki Huddleston. Her talk covers events in Africa, AlQaida, Mali and Cuba.
Ambassador Huddleston is a retired career Senior Foreign Service Officer whose last assignment was the U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for African Affairs in the Office of the Secretary of Defense from June 2009 through December 2011. Before that she was Chargé d'Affaires ad interim to Ethiopia, United States Ambassador to Mali, Principal Officer of the U.S. Interests Section in Havana, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, and U.S. Ambassador to Madagascar. She was Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Haiti, and Director and Deputy Director of Cuban Affairs at the U.S. Department of State. Prior to joining the U.S. Department of State, she was a Visiting Scholar at Brookings Institution.
This talk was recorded July 29, 2013 at Point Lookout SUMMIT
Mid-coast Forum on Foreign Relations
Ambassador Vicki Huddleston


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1,798pages on
this wiki
this wiki
Richard Stolz works for Solar Household Energy.
News and recent developments
- July 2009: Solar Household Energy, Inc.'s Richard Stolz reports that 400 HotPot solar cookers were provided to victims of the floods that ravaged the southern state of Tabasco in late 2007. "In addition to the devastation caused to homes, the floods knocked out Tabasco's electricity and gas distribution plant. As a result, even after flood waters had receded, many residents had no means of cooking food, particularly when firewood was unavailable." The HotPots were made available by two of Solar Household Energy, Inc.'s partner organizations, the Mexican Fund for the Conservation of Nature, and International Logistics Solutions, which manufactures HotPots in Mexico.
5 Lochness Ct.
Rockville, Maryland 20850
Email: email@example.com


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We (the Mainstreaming Nutrition Team, Nutrition Division FAO) have been following with great enthusiasm your contributions to the FSN discussions on Social Protection and Nutrition and we welcome the various proposals and suggestions of how to shape social protection programmes to maximise positive impact on nutrition security.
Good nutrition is a prerequisite for peoples' good health, learning capacity and productivity. Taking into consideration how social protection schemes impact nutrition can therefore benefit the overall outcome of social protection schemes. Social protection can for example increase food expenditure, food consumption and dietary diversity via food, cash and voucher transfers and price subsidies, smoothing consumption during lean seasons and/or periods of crisis. But the implications of social protection programmes on nutrition go beyond the mechanisms related to food security.
Our team recently prepared a document on Social Protection and Nutrition, and we welcome you to consult the document on line: http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/wa_workshop/docs/SocialProtection-Nutrition_FAO_IssuePaper_Draft.pdf. Please note that this is work in progress (draft version), and that we welcome any comments or suggestions.
Below, we would like to share some of the main points raised in the above mentioned paper:
Main issues for policy-makers to consider in the design, formulation and implementation of nutrition-enhancing social protection measures:
Good practices to foster cross-sectoral linkages:
We hope to pursue these discussions and the promotion of social protection for food and nutrition security in collaboration with you in the future!
Best wishes,
Charlotte Dufour and Martina Park
on behalf of the Nutrition Mainstreaming Team
Nutrition Division (ESN)
Economic and Social Development Department
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations
I have few comments to add to the Social Protection if it is not too late:
Main issues:
Targeting to the most vulnerable population: these are children under 5 years, orphans, women in reproductive age, elderly, people living with disability (socially and physically), HIV and farmers/ fishers
In protecting the vulnerable, it is important to include the very people who depend on the environment or natural resources for their livelihoods: farmers/ fisher folk; herders/ pastoralists and rural poor mostly women and forest dwellers. Women of reproductive age and children are mostly affected by under-nutrition.
Women are also the primary care givers at the household and community levels and therefore need to be empowered. Free mosquito nets should be distributed to pregnant women, and dewormers giving to all children and women in reproductive age. Direct cash transfers alone may not always be the best, in addition, the poor households should be educated on the use of the cash transfers and the importance of nutrition for getting the household or family out of poverty. Vouchers could be given for the people to purchase essential food commodities from certain points. Schools enrolment and retention should be enforced for all children of school going age; and hot nutritious meals provided to the children. Such poor households should receive free medical care. Education on personal hygiene and nutrition should be given. Communities should also enforce construction of household latrines/ toilets. The social protection should also include/ cover good portable drinking water.
There is the need for entrepreneurship training for both on-farm and off-farm work, and funds allocated for the poor and vulnerable to engage in Income generating activities (IGAs). Planting materials/ stock should be provided as a start up together with other inputs. The On-farm could be crops and/ or animals especially small ruminants, and the off-farm could also be non-traditional farming : snail and grasscutter rearing, mushroom cultivation and other IGAs like basket/ mat weaving etc must be encouraged.
Supply of Basic needs: In addition to the cash transfer, food vouchers could be provided to be redeemed at designated shops or centers. Children should be enrolled in schools. People registered to receive special social protection should be registered for free medical attention and provided with cards. In addition, they should have access to energy and clean water sources.
Key institutional and governance challenges:
Best Practices and lessons learnt:
To design and put in place, or strengthen, comprehensive, nationally-owned, context-sensitive social protection systems for food and nutrition security;
To embrace a twin-track strategy to maximize impact on resilience and food and nutrition security;
To adopt human rights norms and standards to guide the process of elaborating social protection programmes for food and nutrition security;
To improve the design and use of social protection interventions to address vulnerability to chronic and acute food and nutrition insecurity;
Nutrition is an issue that is not just related to enhancement of production and having supply chain but it is more an issue of access to 'right kind of food' by the vulnerable population of each of the country and region. Access is used here in broader terms of not just access to food grains (protein and carbohydrate) but also capacity of body to assimilate the intake. Thus, the strategy besides enhanced production of agriculture produce and its distribution is to educate, assimilate and encourage the habits in the vulnerable groups in terms of cooking and eating habits, health and hygiene care and sanitation. It also covers opportunity to enhance the livelihood and income levels.
The approach therefore is multipronged with need to have holistic delivery mechanism converging all the aspects to ensure nutrition and eradication of hunger and malnutrition.
It is a cross-sectoral approach with multi-stakeholder partnership. However, it is easier said than done and therefore the strategy should be 'Holistic Single Point Delivery Mechanism'. It is equally important that one shoe size does not fit all and thus there has to be enough space for local adaptation.
The challenge is therefore the recommendation that will change the policy, fund flow and implementation mechanisms to achieve the same. It is important that each country map their areas of concern and rank them in order of priority. Once ranked, the status will be to ensure focused mechanism to draft interventions with listed benchmarks for achieving the desired goals. This will enable intermediate course corrections.
The focus of this background paper is on design, formulation and implementation strategies for Nutrition Enhancing Social Protection Measures.
Design: The first step is to identify the geographical, social and ethnic class prone to nutrition deficiencies. The need is to map these deficiencies and list out the holistic steps to be taken with bench marks with dual goal of bringing those affected above the malnutrition levels and ensure no mal/under nutritional incidences in the identified groups.
The immediate response will be this is exactly what is being attempted since last number of years, but micro-evaluation will not corroborate the same. The incidences of mal/under nutrition are exactly failure of these designs where the holistic approach is not adopted and only fringe or isolated interventions are done.
Formulation: Thus the holistic design is to have a team of para-medics, nutritionist, food grain supplying agency, extension staff for habit change, sanitation focus and livelihood enhancement interventions. The list itself will reflect as to the gaps that are obvious where malnutrition interventions still persist. Thus, the design to be is to have a team leader at micro level with experts from the above listed subject matter and focus on interventions for each individual. There is need to maintain benchmark progress and modify interventions to achieve the ultimate objective of improvement in the nutrition levels and most important to make it sustainable. The livelihood opportunities are to focus on mass scale competitive quality production to sustain the competition in the market.
Thus, the country has to make the formulations as listed above at the micro-level of village as a unit and constantly ensure financial/manpower/technical flow of assets and information to the group.
Implementation: The major challenge is to translate the intention and policy into action and that is where real access to the vulnerable groups is assured. The implementation will only happen if there are accurate monitoring parameters. Each of the target beneficiary need to be monitored as each individual is unique in itself to assimilate the nutrition supplied, thus constant monitoring and freedom to modify and adapt will only ensure focused and quick results. Eradicating malnutrition is not a millennium level achievement if attacked as recommended it can show tremendous results and improvements in two to three years. But, the secret is in detailing, without micro level monitoring the years will roll down with under performance levels.
Dear ICN Moderator,
Please consider me as one of your correspondents. What are you doing is marvelous and great. I wish you good success for the preparation of ICN 2.
I would like to make the following comments:
1- It is surprising that in all the background papers I read, there was not a single one belonging to the Middle East and North Africa, as if there are no problems of nutrition in these countries. This is not the case as you agree with me.
2- Just to illustrate my point, I would like to send you a paper which I am going to present to the Workshop organized by the Ministry of Environment of Lebanon, in cooperation with the Forum Fancophone des Affaires (FFA), in Beirut, 10 August 2013. The title of the paper is:" Challenges of Food Security in Lebanon". I trust that this paper will shed some lights on food security and nutrition problems in my country and many Arab countries.
Best regards
Adel Cortas
Social Protection to protect and promote nutrition
Reflections from HelpAge International
Submitted by Andrea Vilela (Social Protection Policy Adivser) and Tessa Vorbohle (Food Security and Livelihoods Adviser)
General comments
HelpAge International welcomes the focus on social protection as a key thematic issue to play into the preparations for the ICN 2. We welcome the shift to a more sophisticated understanding of the potential for social protection to enhance nutritional outcomes and recognise that there is rightfully a new emphasis on enhancing nutritional outcomes as social protection gains prominence as a preferred mechanism for delivering Aid and responding to crisis.
However, we are concerned that the concept note in its current state neglects the question that lies at the very core of the discussion: What concept of social protection do we apply? This bears the risk of falling back on dated conceptions of social protection that are instrumentalist and temporary in nature.
Despite recent high level support for rights based definitions of social protection as recognised by the G20, EU, Sociall Protection Inter-Agency Cooperation Board, and the Recommendation 202 on Social Protection Floors approved by 184 Governments at the 101st International Labour Committee in 2012, social protection still often tends to be interpreted in instrumentalist, short term and programmatic ways, entrenched in a safety net approach. Social protection floors are nationally defined systems that guarantee access to basic services and income security across the lifecourse.
The ICN 2 has a crucial role to play in highlighting the need for comprehensive rights based approaches to social protection such as national Social Protection Floors to protect and promote nutrition.
What are the main issues for policy-makers to consider in the design, formulation and implementation of nutrition-enhancing social protection measures?
A key consideration is 'coverage' and achieving political will for significant investments necessary to achieve comprehensive social protection. Policy makers should consider the importance of achieving a social protection for all that provides access to basic services and basic income guarantees across the life-course. The UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food states
"While the benefits of social protection are well acknowledged, they are too often unavailable. According to estimates from the International Labour Organization (ILO), seventy-five to eighty per cent of the world population does not have access to "comprehensive social security" protection to shield them from the effects of unemployment, illness or disability – not to mention crop failure or soaring food costs." http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Food/20121009_GFSP_en.pdf
A key issue for policy makers is to clarify the conceptual basis of social protection and close the space for ambiguity regarding objectives. The objectives of social protection should not be over-emphasise, or be reduced to individual outcomes. The emphasis is on achieving coverage and ensuring no-one is left behind. It is important not to overemphasise technical design options and programmatic responses at the expense of establishing comprehensive social protection floors.
For example the PSNP in Ethiopia is widely cited as a successful social protection programme and it is utilised as a modality for the National Nutrition Strategy which aims to reduce stunting by 4% in 2 years. However, despite being one of the largest social protection projects in Africa, the current coverage does not address vulnerable households in other locations, including those vulnerable to sudden onset shocks. UNICEF have also highlighted the need for social protection to cover urban areas where urban poverty is increasing[1]. There have also been calls about the "need to move beyond a crisis agenda towards a longer-term solution to malnutrition"[2].
National social protection floors (rather than separate stand alone programmes) provide a framework through which the broad range of factors that impact on food and nutrition security can be addressed in a coherent way as well as meeting the twin track objective referred to in the concept note.
Another and partly related aspect is that of protecting and improving nutrition "throughout the lifecycle" as mentioned in the concept note. The right to adequate food applies to people of all ages. Yet, in reality, people in old age are invisible in nutrition statistics and are by and large excluded from programmes that address acute malnutrition. Moreover, regular safety net programmes seldom cater for the specific nutritional needs of people in old age. Adopting a rights based social protection approach to protect and promote nutrition requires policy makers to address this dimension of inequality
What are the key institutional and governance challenges to the delivery of cross-sectoral and comprehensive social protection policies that protect and promote nutrition of the most vulnerable?
The foremost governance challenge facing the expansion of social protection for all is an absence of political commitment and prioritisation of social protection by Governments. This is in part responded to through the international mechanism for social protection articulated by the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food and the Special Rapporteur on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights in their call for a Global Fund for Social Protection. This is conceived of in recognition of the broad and high level international support for rights based social protection and the need to support low income countries who face administrative capacity constraints and highly instable export revenue dependency. There is more to be said on means of implementation and potential additional benefits of such an international social protection mechanism.
At the national level, HelpAge acknowledges and supports the observations of other submissions to this online consultation that emphasise institutional challenges and call for cross-sectorial dialogue on social protection policy and practice.
In your experience, what are key best-practices and lessons-learned in fostering cross-sectoral linkages to enhance malnutrition and poverty reduction through social protection?
There are promising experiences in many countries where inter-ministerial committees have driven the development of social protection policies to meet a range of interests (including nutrion security). These seem to work best where there commitment and leadership from Planning and Finance Ministries as well as utilise broad consultation mechanisms to ensure the inclusion of civil society voices and expertise.
With all this in mind, it is important not to overstate the role of social protection in achieving the nutritional outcomes sought at the national level. It plays a distinctive role in supporting increased consumption and supporting small holder farmers, but in reality targeted nutritional strategies are best build on top of a social protection floor. This might include complimentary programming but don't let pursuit of perfection be the enemy of the good.
By this we mean, a focus on technical innovation and additional bolt-on's can distract from the fact that coverage and investment in basic protection is a first step. Basic social protection is a blunt instrument to address many objectives – poverty elimination, redistribution, state building through governance outcomes and social dialogue – HelpAge therefore, in line with the Global Coalition for Social Protection Floors, encourages that the ICN 2 strongly endorses and utilises the language of the social protection floor as a basis for discussion and clarity on the subject.
"Social protection systems have the potential to contribute to the realization of basic human rights, such as the rights to food, education and health, and to combat systemic inequality. Building from this, social protection provides States a means to support marginalized groups, tackle the immediate problems of child hunger and malnutrition,"
[1] http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/sites/default/files/docs/social_protection_Ethiopia_briefing.pdf
[2] Taylor 2012
Dear all,
Having read with great interest the contributions of this forum, I realized that much attention is legitimately given to food security and agriculture. Tdh believes that addressing social protection in the health sector to tackle the burden of undernutrition is also of paramount importance.
Terre des hommes (Tdh), together with national and international partners steered since 2008 a strategy aiming at promoting child health and fighting acute malnutrition. Supported by the European Commission Humanitarian Office (ECHO), this strategy consist in eliminating health care user fee payment for the children under five and pregnant women.
The various phases of the implementation process, as well as Lessons Learnt & Best Practices can be found at the following link: http://www.tdh.ch/en/documents/freeing-up-healthcare-universal-access-to-health-care-for-children-under-5-and-pregnant-women.
In terms of results and impact, studies and researches (that also concern a similar project implemented by the German NGO HELP) have demonstrated that:
User fee exemption addresses the three main pathways through which social protection programs impact nutrition (as defined by the World Bank in 'Improving Nutrition Through Multisectoral Approaches - Social Protection'):
It is worth mentioning that the same results have been obtained over the last year while Terre des hommes has handed-over most of the implementation process to District Health staff (though still funded by ECHO).
The Ministry of Health of Burkina Faso has conducted Feasibility study in order to estimate the cost of a national scaling-up of this strategy. It is now a matter of political will.
Design, Formulation and Implementation Considerations:
While social safety nets are rightly touted as an important way to protect vulnerable groups from food price spikes and other shocks, it is important to note that risk management activities for producers are often adversely affected by ad-hoc safety net programmes designed to support consumers. For example, untargeted staple food subsidies can divert government investment in warehouse receipt systems, commodity exchanges and other price risk management tools. In contrast, high quality, well-targeted safety nets grounded in broader social protection programmes deliver timely, multi-year, guaranteed and predictable transfers to the poor without undermining investment in risk management tools.
From a nutrition perspective, safety nets work best when they protect consumption by preventing decreases in dietary quality and quantity. Again, it is important to consider design, as staple food subsidies can create disincentives to dietary diversity. A second, but no less important, consideration is protection of income and livelihoods. The former is essential to protecting nutrition status in the short-term, while the latter is necessary for increasing longer-term resilience and decreasing risk aversion, both of which are essential to preventing coping mechanisms which can impact nutrition indirectly.
In regards to formulation and implementation, the World Bank's Global Monitoring Report 2012 includes "building blocks" for effective social protection programmes, as listed below. Many have already been cited by other contributors to this forum:
In regards to best practices and lessons learned:
Cash transfers have been repeatedly shown to improve child growth and increase both total household food security and dietary diversity. However if inflation is high, food transfers may be a better choice than cash.
School-feeding programmes in developing countries can include a meal at school and take-home rations. Both have been shown to improve nutritional status, not only for schoolchildren but also for their younger siblings. However, costs may prove prohibitive, for example in some low-income African countries school-feeding programmes have been shown to be on par with basic education costs. Moreover, implementation may be difficult in remote areas, reducing cost-efficacy. That said, in terms of design, school feeding programmes are easy to scale up during a crisis. On balance, it is unclear whether the costs of implementation outweigh the benefits
Cash-for-work programmes are naturally self targeting and as such offer a good delivery platform for a nutrition component. This can include nutrition education, regular home visits by community health and nutrition workers and distribution of food supplements during the lean season. Ideally, the nutrition component leverages the effects of the additional income provided by the programme to improve intake. Including a nutrition component in cash-for-work schemes can also increase the chances that female employment has a net positive effect on child welfare.
This contribution draws on The Impact of High Food Prices on Nutrition (Meerman & Aphane) posted on the ICN2 website. Full references for the 2012 World Bank GMR as well as other articles and reports which informed this contribution may be found in the paper.
Les mots « Vulnérabilité, fragilité, précarité, pauvreté, malnutrition, insécurité alimentaire » peuvent être classés dans une même case, car ils produisent plus ou moins les mêmes effets. Mais d'où proviennent-ils ? Ils proviennent des maux « sécheresse, ravageurs de récolte, infertilité des sols, réduction surface cultivée, conservation inadéquate des produits agricoles, utilisation des outils aratoires, problèmes fonciers, faible revenu, indisponibilité des actifs due à des maladies et à l'exode rurale, problèmes d'hygiène et assainissement, logement, enclavement et ignorance sur la diversification alimentaire». Ces maux se rencontrent le plus souvent dans des endroits défavorisés « Bidon ville, zones rurales »
Fort de ce qui précède, le combat du renforcement de la nutrition doit se faire d'une manière holistique. Prendre en compte :
- Financement de la recherche agricole
- Formation des chercheurs : mettre fin au critère d'âge dans les programmes d'attribution de bourse concernant le Master et le Doctorat
- Création des comités locaux pour le foncier
- Création des banques nationales de crédit agricole avec simplification d'accès aux crédits pour les femmes
- Création des Ministères de la ville avec une des prérogatives « l'hygiène et l'assainissement des villes »
- Les agences du Système de Nations Unies doivent renforcer la collaboration avec les Gouvernements et les ONG.
- Construction des logements sociaux
- Lutte contre les maladies transmissibles (VIH et autres qui déciment les actifs et les chefs de familles)
-Education nutritionnelle : utilisation des médias, des réunions de démonstration culinaire des mères etc.
Adèle Irénée GREMBOMBO
Ingénieur Agronome Nutritionniste
Consultante Indépendante en Nutrition
Paris (France)
I would beg to jump in on these last days to share a little bit of my experiences in a Food Transfer Based Program designed to cushion producers from asset loss and guarantee food consumption. I thank the moderator and those who have contributed the wealth of experience already shared.
What are the main issues for policy-makers to consider in the design, formulation and implementation of nutrition-enhancing social protection measures?
Nutrition experts will agree with me that even when food is available consumption patterns, intra-house household food allocation, preparation methods and storage have an impact on how the available food can impact nutrition. Food supply, voucher systems and cash transfers assumed to impact nutrition without accompanying behavior change are unlikely to achieve the changes that need to be attained in reducing under nutrition in many developing countries.
In Ethiopia the Productive Safety Net Program is designed to prevent the loss of productive asset loss at the same time smoothing consumption. This program has made admirable steps in addressing both of these aspects and resulted in great enhancements in productivity of land and quality of natural resources.
Commendable as this may be questions linger over how improved production, incomes, protected assets and even direct food transfers have resulted in nutritional impacts. Studies on how this have come together point to a number of areas of considerations:
1. Clear Linkages with the National Nutrition Program. Where there has been a clear connection between food transfers and Therapeutic Feeding Programs, the Health Extension System and other health and nutrition promotion activities, positive changes are noted.
2. Determination of non-food causes of under-nutrition: Water health and sanitation and health care are the other key determinants of nutritional outcomes besides food security. any program aiming to have an impact on the nutrition will need to interrogate these other determinants and ensure that there is a clear link. Examples from Ethiopia include food for work activities that promote clean water provision, construction and connection to health posts for safety net beneficiaries.
3. Transfer Values, Timing, Targeting and Delivery. Transfer programs often address overall situations eg population level 50% lack of food 3 months a year. It is however the case that households have different gaps and needs. Designs that bring this on board are paramount to ensure that enough transfers are received by all. There is initial good progress in this approach in the variable wage rate and transfers in Ethiopia's PSNP. On the same note, targeting, delivery will need closer consideration to reduce time and effort it takes in collecting transfers in themselves.
What are the key institutional and governance challenges to the delivery of cross-sectoral and comprehensive social protection policies that protect and promote nutrition of the most vulnerable?
1. Institutional - Governments often plan resources under one ministry, line, bureau and department and the bureaucracies then set out to achieve their individual targets almost in competition. This package of the household in compartments eg. economic development differentiated from health or education is a regular pitfall. Growth indicators that don't connect health, education, income etc into one target that each player targets often leads to successes in one being drained by an unmatched focus in the other.
2. Related to above , the delivery of the programs happens at district and lower levels. well written and intended programs with potential for good impact are often watered down as they go through the hierarchy. The fault could be juggled across the layers but often times a district province, village responsible has on his plate political tasks, security etc., and yet needs to ensure success of an ambitious.
In your experience, what are key best-practices and lessons-learned in fostering cross-sectoral linkages to enhance malnutrition and poverty reduction through social protection
when social protection programs sit in a core government department and or ministry with a steering committee of major players, clear synergies and efficiencies are created. Packaging is as important as the contents, good programs can be watered down by sitting in the wrong line department based on political goodwill and perceptions on importance of the department.
Thanks all and looking forward to final recommendations from the conclusions of this thought provoking discussion about a very real and current development agenda.
Dear Participants
This week we move on to the final question for our discussion.
In your experience, what are key best-practices and lessons-learned in fostering cross-sectoral linkages to reduce malnutrition and enhance poverty reduction through social protection?
Your contributions on the key best practices can cover the key policy, design and implementation factors that enable successful cross sectoral linkages for nutrition sensitive and poverty reducing social protection policies.
Your contributions should discuss any/or all the sectors that you feel should be linked with social protection to reduce malnutrition and enhance poverty reduction. e.g. health, agriculture, education, finance ministries, private sector, CSOs, CBOs, donors, UN etc
Please feel free to cite case studies, impact evaluations and also identify and share lessons learned from successful or failed cross sectoral social protection policies that promote nutrition.


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May 6, 2016
ROXTON, OK -- A Roxton man is dead after a single vehicle crash over the weekend.
Authorities say, 21-year-old Anterious Williams was heading north bound on FM 2122 Saturday night when he lost control of his car and slammed into a tree.
Williams was the only one in the car and was pronounced dead at the scene by Justice of the Peace Crystal Duke.
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60 dmg slash? what a noob dg is, dilate slashes when he have base 50 attack.
or at minimum, 40 attack.
because that is 100 damage slash or 80 damage slash. dilate is just wasting sp while slashing for 60.
AqvasFire2 wrote:What kind of moron just lets Dilate hit 40/50 base atk?
Callonia wrote:AqvasFire2 wrote:What kind of moron just lets Dilate hit 40/50 base atk?
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Officials in Bucks County say 18-year-old Dan Tadrzynski and 19-year-old Perry Krewson of Bensalem went swimming in the rain-swollen Neshaminy Creek late Tuesday night and were swept away by rough currents. A teenager who was with them managed to get to shore and call for help.
Rescue crews searched overnight and resumed the effort Wednesday morning with diving and marine units. Late Wednesday afternoon, officials announced that the search area was being extended.
Bensalem Township public safety director Fred Harran says he hopes these and other recent events will help teenagers realize the dangers of swimming in creeks and rivers.


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I'm sorry but I must admit that I hate it, mostly because it is so damn good and your skills really makes me doubt what I'm doing in this business at all.
Aargh...Really a great map again. Thanks for sharing.
Hi all,
This is a commissioned piece I made a few months ago, the map of the world of Bicolline. The duchy of Bicolline is a cooperative that organizes very large LARP games in Quebec (games, events and details can be found here and here and the map is intended to replace their previous one. The logo of Bicolline and the heraldic were provided by the client. Original map size is 46"x33" and intended both for print and web usage.
© Le Duché de Bicolline-2013- All rights reserved
Hope you'll like it,
As usual, feel free to rate, rep or run away
Last edited by - Max -; 11-04-2013 at 05:51 PM.
I'm sorry but I must admit that I hate it, mostly because it is so damn good and your skills really makes me doubt what I'm doing in this business at all.
Aargh...Really a great map again. Thanks for sharing.
My finished maps
Mapping Worlds (My blog about mapping)
Imaginary maps (My facbook page devoted to mapping)
This map is incredible, I never get tired of looking at your work. Every map you do is amazing, and I agree with Clercon that sometimes I hate that your so good. Again all your work is amazing, great job!
Again, one of the best maps I have ever seen. Incredible!
Again so many details and artful coloring.
Another great map from Max. Who'd have thought? =P
(I still can't rep you because of the last ones!)
Clercon: you do some great work to a very high standard too. It's just Max consistently deluges us in fantastic maps in a really fabulous style like this one.
Max: I would really love to know more about your workflow as I'm sure many others would too. You must have some secrets to share surely!
Yup, another beauty you got there Max.
Fantastic map Max.
My Battlemaps Gallery http://www.cartographersguild.com/al...p?albumid=3407
Thank you very much guys, comments appreciated!
@ Clercon : What larb said, no need to hate ( ), you have some great maps aswell!
@ Larb : You're probably right, lot of people here want me to make a tutorial, I'd probably have to make some one of these days but regarding the time involved in tutorial making, that would mean I'd have some spare time without commissions or personnal projects running....which is almost never the case
A fine map, as usual. CoA are excellent, as is the border. Did you use Illustrator for these?
I was confused at first, than remembered you showed me this some time ago. Next to your recent maps, It feels a bit ancient, but its barely half a year ago... once agin I am reminded on your fast pace devellopements


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At the crossroads of conservation and development
Transboundary cooperation among adjacent countries epitomizes the ambition of the Rio +20 conference. As discussed during the side event organized by IUCN and the Italian Government (DGCS) at the UN Conference on sustainable development (Rio+20), it offers some early results and insights into the relevance of natural resource management for the green economy. …
18 Jun 2012 | News story
Let's get serious!
IUCN and the UN Global Compact are helping business in Rio get serious about biodiversity, boosting private sector efforts in conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services – the benefits we get from nature. …
18 Jun 2012 | News story
Jeju marks 100-day countdown
Shorter are the days that separate us from the IUCN World Conservation Congress. That was the motivation driving the D-100 celebrations held on Saturday 2 June at the International Convention Centre Jeju (ICCJ). …
04 Jun 2012 | News story
IUCN Congress Programme now live
As the World Conservation Congress draws closer, you can now view what's on and when. Regularly updated, the Online Programme is a handy companion to organize your schedule in Jeju and make the most out of your experience. … | French | Spanish
04 Jun 2012 | News story
IUCN Director General calls for women's access to energy at the EU Sustainable Energy for All Summit
IUCN Director General Julia Marton-Lefèvre called for education and career opportunities for women in the energy sector during the "EU Sustainable Energy for All Summit", which brought together high-profile speakers including European Commission's President José Manuel Barroso and United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. …
23 Apr 2012 | News story
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Congress Forum just a few clicks away
Enhance your experience of the Forum and visit the dedicated web-spaces, which have been specifically designed to give easy access to important information surrounding the event. … | French | Spanish
01 Apr 2012 | News story
New York Third Intersessional Meeting : Day Two
The day started with a meeting for civil society to express their concerns to the Bureau of the Rio+20 conference. Civil society groups expressed concerns about governments bracketing issues related to human rights and equity principles. There is an open letter for signature entitled Rights at Risk at the United Nations which can be accessed at http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/rightsatrisk/ and if you want to hear and see how angry civil society is, .... …
29 Mar 2012 | News story
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New York Third Intersessional Meeting : Day One
Yesterday was the first day of the 3rd Intersessional meeting on Rio+20. Delegates were meeting last week in the same place but under a different meeting title: "First round of informal-informal negotiations on the zero draft of outcome document". …
27 Mar 2012 | News story
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World Water Forum: nature takes centre stage
Natural 'infrastructure' such as river basins, forests, lakes and wetlands, plays a key role in addressing today's global water needs and must be an integral part of every country's water management portfolio, says IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) at the World Water Forum starting in Marseille on Monday 12 March. … | French | Spanish
10 Mar 2012 | News story
IUCN's world first: boosting women's role in tackling climate change
International Women's Day is the story of ordinary women making history. Today, the voices of women in Africa are being heard as they engage in action to limit climate change through deforestation. …
08 Mar 2012 | News story


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May 6, 2016
RALEIGH, N.C. (AP) -- Alexander Semin has agreed to a five-year contract extension with the Carolina Hurricanes.
The team announced Monday that Semin will make $7 million per year through the 2017-18 season.
Semin left Washington last summer and signed a one-year deal worth $7 million with the Hurricanes with the hope that a fresh start in Carolina would rejuvenate his career.
He has a team-best 22 assists and is second with 30 points while skating on the left wing on the Eric Staal-led top line for Carolina.
General manager Jim Rutherford calls Semin a "major contributor" to that No. 1 line.
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You'll look like you're ready to battle the Flood and the Covenant in this replica MJOLNIR battle armor. The Halo 3 Deluxe Master Chief Costume features a jumpsuit with molded armor, a two-piece helmet, and molded boot tops. The jumpsuit is green and black with printed armor and an EVA molded chest piece, codpiece, and wrist gauntlets. The boot tops, which fasten to the shins, are also molded plastic. The helmet is two pieces for maximum coverage of your head. The boots are not included and Halo gloves are sold separately. The Master Chief is a genetically and physically augmented soldier called a Spartan. He fights in the 26th Century against aliens who are invading Earth. The Halo series of video games is one of the most popular, and when you wear the Halo 3 Deluxe Master Chief Costume you can take on the role of the hero.
Our Price: $37.99
Our Price: $7.97


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Join me, Chanin aka Snowflake Beach Designs, for a speed scrap on Monday, December 29th at 9pm est! I will be giving out a great participation bonus!
Have some fun with me and unwind after the Holiday! Hope to see you there! It will be right here in this thread!
To be reminded about this event click here!
Here is your participation prize for the speed scrap tonight! It is a set of Commercial Use Clipart for all of your Christmas Layouts!!!
Hope to see you here!!!


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22 U.S. Code § 3831 - Repealed.
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Section, Pub. L. 96–70, title II, § 2101,Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 493, related to continuation in force of Canal Zone Code and other laws, regulations, and administrative authority of the United States for purpose of exercise of law enforcement and judicial jurisdiction during transition period.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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This code of rules governs the playing of baseball games by professional teams of Major League Baseball and the leagues that are members of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues.
We recognize that many amateur and non-professional organizations play their games under professional rules and we are happy to make our rules available as widely as possible. It is well to remember that specifications as
to fields, equipment, etc., may be modified to meet the needs of each group.
Money fines, long-term suspensions and similar penalties imposed by this code are not practicable for amateur groups, but officers and umpires of such organizations should insist on strict observance of all the rules governing the
playing of the game.
Baseball not only has maintained its position as the National Game of the United States, but also has become an International Game being played in more than 100 countries. The popularity of the game will grow only so long
as its players, managers, coaches, umpires and administrative officers respect the discipline of its code of rules.
© 2015 by the Commissioner of Baseball. All rights reserved.
No part of the Official Baseball Rules may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without permission in writing from the Office of the Commissioner of Baseball.
The Major League Baseball silhouetted batted logo is a registered trademark of Major League Baseball Properties, Inc.
Cover photo by Ron Vesely/MLB Photos.
The Playing Rules Committee, at its December 2014 meeting, voted to reorganize and recodify the Official Baseball Rules into a more logical and organized manner. No wording or language was changed (other than the 2015 amendments); only the order and placement of the rules were modified. Throughout the text of this 2015 edition, each rule number and Comment is followed by, in parentheses, the corresponding 2014 rule number from which the "new" rule originated. In this edition Comments to the Rules are highlighted in a shaded box rather than being printed in smaller typeface as has been the case in past years. In addition, at the end of this book (pages 158-160) is a cross-reference table that shows each 2015 rule and the corresponding rule number from the 2014 edition (and vice versa).
The Playing Rules Committee, at its December 1977 meeting, voted to incorporate the Notes/Case Book/Comments section directly into the Official Baseball Rules at the appropriate places. Basically, the Case Book interprets or elaborates on the basic rules and in essence have the same effect as rules when applied to particular sections for which they are intended.
This arrangement is designed to give quicker access to any written language pertaining to an Official Rule and does not require a reader to refer to different sections of the Official Baseball Rules book in considering the application of a particular rule.
Case Book material in this edition is in shaded boxes and is labeled as Comment.


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The chairwoman of the Senate Intelligence Committee said Sunday that she planned to investigate why the CIA's quick determination of a terrorist role in the Sept. 11 attack in Benghazi, Libya, was not reflected in the "talking points" used days later on television by Susan Rice, the ambassador to the United Nations.
But the chairwoman, Sen. Dianne Feinstein, D-Calif., also said she felt certain that the White House was not behind any change in the language used.
"With the allegation that the White House changed those talking points, that is false," she said on the NBC program "Meet the Press."
The White House, she said, had changed a reference to the "consulate" in Benghazi to the more accurate "mission."
"That's the only change that anyone in the White House made, and I have checked this out," Feinstein said.
She said a transcript of testimony given by former CIA Director David Petraeus a day after the attack showed that "Petraeus very clearly said that it was a terrorist attack."
But asked whether President Barack Obama or anyone working for him had deliberately misled the public by characterizing the attack as resulting from a spontaneous protest — to avoid invoking a terrorist threat at a key point in the presidential campaign — she was adamant, saying, "No, no."
The U.S. ambassador to Libya, Chris Stevens, and three other Americans were killed in the attack.
Rep. Mike Rogers, the Republican chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, said that the talking points were amended during a review by an interdepartmental "deputies committee," which he described as being "populated by appointees from the administration."
"We do know that the intelligence community, as they presented it, was accurate, and it did include terrorism," Rogers, of Michigan, said on "Meet the Press."
Feinstein said that Rice, in five television appearances Sept. 16, carefully followed the talking points. Feinstein made clear her displeasure that as a result of doing so, Rice has been roundly criticized by some Republican senators.
"I have read every one of the five interviews she did that day," Feinstein said. "She was within the context of that statement, and for this, she has been pilloried for two months. I don't understand it. It has to stop."
One of Rice's critics, Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., appeared to retreat slightly Sunday. Asked on NBC whether he would actively block Rice should the president nominate her to succeed Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, he said he would not go that far.
Graham said he was "very disappointed" in Rice but that as a general rule, "I'm very deferential to the president's picks."


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While not made for cameras it works for me while around town. This shows what I carry at MAX capacity. Remove the flash and its batteries, one lens and its not quite as preganant.
I also have a Super Ego messenger bag which is more for carry on, travel etc as it's quite a bit larger and I've found I can just drop the imago bag and it's contents into the main pocket inside the Super Ego and still have room to spare.


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During 2013 we expect a continuation of the current slow growth economic environment. The majority of our economic indicators are signaling neither the negative extremes that typically represent great buying opportunities, nor the excesses associated with an economy at risk of collapsing on itself.
-Manning & Napier
The U.S. Economy
Despite all of the fanfare surrounding fiscal cliff debates and the advent of cleanup in the northeast following super storm Sandy, December turned out to be a relatively quiet month in financial markets. There was a mixture of new macroeconomic data, much of which was generally encouraging, although some reports showed signs of incremental weakness. Several near-term factors were at play during the month, and likely contributed to the areas that saw softness in certain measures. For one, the after effects of Sandy probably had an impact. Some of this could be reversed in the months ahead, as rebuilding efforts take shape, but we do not anticipate that Sandy will have a meaningful impact on economic growth as we move through 2013. Meanwhile, ongoing uncertainty surrounding the fiscal cliff continued to weigh on the market psyche.
To rehash some of Decembers more positive macroeconomic developments, during the month we learned that nonfarm payrolls rose a healthy 146,000 in November. The employment situation report also showed that the unemployment rate dipped to 7.7%. A 0.2 percentage point drop in the labor force participation rate to 63.6% was partly responsible for the lower unemployment rate. On the plus-side, temporary employment grew by 18,000 workers, above the previous months gain of 13,900. Growth in the number of temporary workers tends to lead growth in permanent employment, so this aspect of the report was good news.
The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) released its third estimate for third quarter growth in U.S. gross domestic product (GDP). The report included another upward revision, this time to an annualized growth pace of 3.1%. Details of the report discussing various contributors to growth were not materially different from the BEAs second estimate. Consumption remained the largest contributor to domestic economic expansion during the three month period.
Some other data points were a bit weaker, such as downticks in several confidence measures, namely consumer sentiment and small business optimism, all of which had been rising steadily in recent months. The Thomson Reuters/University of Michigan consumer sentiment index dropped back to 72.9 in December, a five-month low, after reaching a post-recession high of 82.7 during November. Similarly, the attitude of small business leaders soured incrementally. The National Federation of Independent Business Small Business Optimism Index declined to 87.5 in November from 93.1 the prior month.


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Hinkley Lighting 5923CM
Chrome 3 Light 24" Width ADA Compliant Bathroom Vanity Strip from the Daphne Collection
Item # BCI312149 | Model # 5923CM | Daphne Collection
Questions about Hinkley Lighting 5923CM?
Contact us for advice or more details. Our product specialists are here to help.
This product has additional required/recommended options. To configure, add to your cart.
Bulbs recommended
Three Light 24" Width ADA Compliant Bathroom Vanity Strip from the Daphne Collection
- Amber Bubble Art glass shade included with the Brushed Bronze finish
- Bubble Art glass shade included with the Brushed Nickel finish
- Made of metal
- Designed to cast light in a downward direction
- ADA compliant
- Can be mounted with shade facing upward only
- Suitable for damp locations
Lamping Technologies:
- Bulb Base - G9: A bi pin or 'bi pin socket', G9 bulbs have a pin spread of 9 mm and are used mostly in 120V or 230V fixtures with halogen bulbs.
- Compatible Bulb Types: G9 Bulb base uses primarily a Halogen bulb but is also available as Fluorescent, LED, and Xenon / Krypton.
- Number of Bulbs: 3
- Bulb Base: G9
- Bulb Type: Halogen
- Bulb Included: Yes
- Watts Per Bulb: 60
- Wattage: 180
- Height: 5"
- Width: 24"
- Extension: 3.75"
- Shade Height: 4"
- Shade Width: 6.875"
- Backplate Height: 5"
- Backplate Width: 24"
- Energy Star: No
- ADA: Yes
- ADA Compliance - The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Fixtures hung between 27" and 80" above the floor must have an extension of 4" or less; this applies to wall lights hung in walkways, halls, corridors, passageways or aisles. Ceiling Fixtures must be hung no lower than 80".
Since 1922, Hinkley Lighting has been driven by a passion to blend design and function in creating quality products that enhance your life. Hinkley is continually recommended by interior and exterior designers, and is available to you through premier lighting showrooms across the country. They pride themselves in delivering superior customer service that is second to none. They know that you have goals when it comes to your home's décor, and they care about helping you achieve the final outcome you are looking for in every aspect.
Additional Hinkley Lighting Links
- View the Manufacturer Warranty
- Browse All Hinkley Lighting Products
- Hinkley Lighting Daphne Collection
This Hinkley Lighting item can also be referenced by the following color/finish specific model #:
- Hinkley Lighting 5923BN
Brushed Nickel
- Hinkley Lighting 5923CM
*Discontinued model or finish
More Than Just a Store - Your Reasons to Shop
Discover the best online deals for the Hinkley Lighting H5923 and everything else for your home from the leading online home improvement store.
We're committed to providing you with the best assortment of Hinkley Lighting products with over 400 warehouses across the country.
Our knowledgeable product specialists work to bring you the best prices on every product and provide unmatched customer service. Your satisfaction is our highest priority!
Manufacturer Resources
Product Videos
Hinkley DaphneDaphne Family Spotlight
Hinkley Lighting Daphne ReviewBrent Holland from Build.com reviews the Hinkley Lighting Daphne Collection. These bathroom fixtures, with Bubble Art Glass, come in three finishes: Chrome, Brushed Nickel and Brushed Bronze. They are available in one, two, three, four, or five light models.


text: This classic Louis Vuitton Speedy 35 satchel is in PRE-LOVED condition (light use). It is made from textured Kenyan Fawn Epi Leather perfectly accented with golden brass hardware. The top handles and bottom corners show light wear. There are a few marks on the exterior and interior. The hardware is tarnished.


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Green careers
Photo credit: University of Illinois Alumni Association
Evolution of the green careers concept
A green career is a post with upward mobility, which contributes to sustainable use of resources, reduces waste and pollution, or otherwise benefits the environment. Only until recent years, for most people the idea of green jobs or green careers would have likely been limited to work in a natural science or natural resource area. This earlier perception included jobs such as a forester, natural resource manager, or a researcher studying one of the many facets of the natural world such as botany, ecology, wildlife biology, and ecosystem functioning.
A clearer perception of the finite nature of each of the Earth's resources has emerged in the last several decades, especially regarding non-renewable energy resources based upon fossil fuels; furthermore, man has learned that the continuation of the resource consumption patterns of the 19th and 20th century are not sustainable, even in raw economic terms. As costs for some energy supplies and certain natural resources have periodically increased, some entities have adapted to more sustainable practices not only for environmental protection, but also to realize cost savings over the long term. For example, in the 1970s, around the time of the first Earth Day, student and faculty-led efforts to increase recycling and reduce waste on college campuses emerged. Yet, in the past few years previous volunteer-only efforts at many colleges and universities have now become institutionalized with the advent of sustainability plans, sustainability committees, with new jobs created and people hired with titles such as "sustainability coordinator" to implement these efforts. The institutionalization of such efforts in academic institutions has led to the formation of organizations such as the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education with scores of institutional academic and business members.
Green careers now can be deemed to encompass entrepreneurial, finance, and service sectors. For example the 1990 Clean Air Act established in the United States the practice of cap and trade for pollutant emissions (in this case for sulfur dioxide emissions). Within the last decade many countries adopted the Kyoto Protocol and introduced cap and trade processes for greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Cap and trade of GHGs is now a major consideration in pending U.S. legislation and global international negotiations. Becoming a pollution credit trader (whether it be for sulfur or GHG emissions) in now a recognized and viable green career within the financial sector. Many service jobs which were previously considered blue collar are now being considered green collar jobs. Federal monies authorized in the United States to retrofit homes and businesses for energy efficiency have moved many electrical, mechanical, and construction-related trade jobs into the green jobs category. Designers and architects are now becoming LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certified, moving their professions into the green careers category.
Thus in the past decade there has been a massive expansion of the what is now considered part of the green green careers sector.
The definition of what could be considered a green career has clearly been expanding in scope during the recent decade. Fundamentally, a green career is one that supports sustainable industry, protects biodiversity, reduces pollution and minimizes waste. Some efforts have been made towards standardizing definitions for this now burgeoning career track. The White House has provided the following definition for green jobs: "Green jobs are jobs that provide products and services which use sustainable technologies, reduce pollution, conserve energy and natural resources and reconstitute waste." There is a subset of service jobs which are now called "green collar" jobs. David Foster, executive director of the BlueGreen Alliance has stated, "a green job is a blue-collar job done for a green purpose."
The most comprehensive attempt a at defining green jobs has been made in the 2008 United Nations Environmental Report (UNEP): "Green Jobs: Towards Decent Work in a Sustainable, Low-Carbon World." :
"We define green jobs as positions in agriculture, manufacturing, construction, installation, and maintenance, as well as scientific and technical, administrative, and service-related activities, that contribute substantially to preserving or restoring environmental quality. Specifically, but not exclusively, this includes jobs that help to protect and restore ecosystems and biodiversity; reduce energy, materials, and water consumption through high-efficiency and avoidance strategies; de-carbonize the economy; and minimize or altogether avoid generation of all forms of waste and pollution."
Discussion by sector
Certain sectors of the economy have more visible and pronounced effects upon environmental sustainability and thus merit accentuated discussion in their role of green careers. Paramount among such sectors are careers in agriculture and natural resources; other sectors of notable impact are transport and tourism. Agriculture is a key topic, because the first aspect of human survival is based upon the production of food, whereas natural resource conservation is vital in that our natural habitats, topsoil and mineral resources are heritage elements that have existed in most part throughout the Edenic Period, i.e. over much of the last several hundred million years. If these resources are to sustain the generations that follow, prudent use must be made to insure their intact presence throughout the 21st century and beyond.
Green careers seekers
Since the scope of what are now considered green jobs continues to expand well beyond the traditional concepts to the more service and entrepreneurial enterprises, efforts are being made to provide students and future workers with guidance to navigate through the expanding list of career track choices. While the core disciplines of biology, chemistry, geology, meteorology, physics and certain engineering fields provide a foundation for launching into a green career, the application of degrees in these fields must be matched with industries that concentrate on business models with environmentally sustainable strategies. Moreover, fields of finance, communications, media, publishing and other non-scientific endeavors may lead to a green career if the business application of these skills embraces an environmentally sustainable activity.
This encyclopedia entry endeavors to make an initial step in the categorization of those choices.
Further reading and green careers links
- DC Metro Area Green Jobs and Careers Guide. Anca Novacovici & Dan Triman. 2009.
- Green Jobs: Towards Decent Work in a Sustainable, Low-Carbon World,
UNEP/ILO/IOE/ITUC, September 2008
- The Environment Site Eco Jobs Centre
- EcoEmploy Environmental Jobs and Careers
- Environmental Career Opportunities
- Purdue University and USDA Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Careers
- Green Careers Guide
- Green Jobs Renewable Energy Jobs
- Green Jobs Network
- Green Dream Jobs
- Green Career Central
- Green Careers Center
- Idealist
- Tree Hugger


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Golf tourney is another great catch for Biletnikoff
Golf, celebrity players, Raiderettes — and all for a charitable cause.
That was the scene Monday at Catta Verdera Country Club in Lincoln for Fred Biletnikoff's seventh annual Hall of Fame Golf Classic.
"We always figured that, 'Well, I love golf, and all the guys I know play golf','" said Biletnikoff, an Oakland Raiders great and Pro Football Hall of Famer. "And if you really want to have something that draws people together all the time, have a golf tournament. It's a great way to raise money for a foundation, you get a lot of interaction with everybody, and we've been fortunate to get all of the ballplayers out here to come and play."
The golf tournament benefits the Biletnikoff Foundation, which was established in memory of Fred's daughter, Tracey, who was murdered in 1999. The foundation supports young adults and kids who struggle with drug and alcohol abuse.
"We're interested in helping adolescent teens," said Biletnikoff, who lives in Granite Bay. "Make a great awareness of the fact that there are people out there who care about you guys, and get a message to them that they should make good decisions in their lifetime. Don't throw away your high school years or your teen years or any type of years during your life with drugs and alcohol."
The foundation has offices in Granite Bay and Dublin. Fred's wife, Angela Biletnikoff, is the founder and executive director of the organization and has plans for the construction of a Tracey's Place of Hope in Placer County. Tracey's Place of Hope is an institution with counselors that offer help and assistance to at-risk teens and children. The project will be stationed at the current Kid's Place in Roseville.
"We're hoping to help kids," Angela Biletnikoff said. "Kids that are struggling with drug and alcohol abuse, and want to take a stand. We have counseling. We're trying to get parents involved, give them some tools to work with and help them with their everyday life."
Former players and sports icons were in attendance to sharpen their golf game while donating to the charitable cause. Ben Davidson, a former Raiders defensive end, was one such guest.
"The number one thing about charitable events like this is the recipient of the charity money," Davidson said. "For me, it's fun to see old teammates and see old adversaries. It's a great phenomenon, these charity golf tournaments that players are invited to."
Also in attendance was Pro Football Hall of Fame president/executive director Steve Perry, who said the Biletnikoff Foundation is a special charity.
"By participating in events like this …we're helping him help kids," Perry said. "It does a lot of things for at-risk children. It's a good, worthy cause. You get to hang around with these professional athletes that are Hall of Famers, people that have excelled in their particular field of work but are also great, individual people."
Fred Biletnikoff played wide receiver and was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1988. He played 14 seasons with the Raiders and was selected to the Pro Bowl six times. He also was the MVP of Super Bowl XI, and the Biletnikoff Award, bearing his name, is awarded annually to the top receiver in college football.