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Monday, November 12, 2012
Kevin Anderson: What They Won't Tell You About Climate Catastrophe
Scientists and officials are not telling the public the awful truth: we are hurtling toward catastrophic climate change. A review, summary and critique of an earth-breaking speech by Prof. Kevin Anderson, Deputy Director of the Tyndall Centre in Britain. Speaking to the Cabot Institute in Bristol November 6th, Anderson told the sold-out crowd our future is not possible. Radio Ecoshock 121114 1 hour.
Professor Kevin Anderson
Are the climate deniers right? Are some scientists colluding with government to hide the truth about climate change? "Yes", according to top British scientist Kevin Anderson - but not the scandal you've heard about. Top scientists and government reports won't tell you we are heading toward catastrophic climate change. Emissions are skidding out of control, leading us to a world six degrees Centigrade hotter on average, much faster than anyone thought possible. Why doesn't the public know?
Why are world conferences still talking about staying below 2 degrees, as though that is possible?
In a devastating speech at the University of Bristol Tuesday November 6th, 2012, Professor Kevin Anderson accused too many climate scientists of keeping quiet about the unrealistic assessments put out by governments, and our awful odds of reaching global warming far above the proposed 2 degree safe point.
In fact, says Anderson, we are almost guaranteed to reach 4 degrees of warming, as early as 2050, and may soar far beyond that - beyond the point which agriculture, the ecosystem, and industrial civilization can survive.
All this comes from one of the world's top climate scientists, plugged in to the latest research and numbers. Kevin Anderson is from the UK's premier climate modeling institution, the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, and the University of Manchester. He delivered the speech "Real Clothes for the Emperor, Facing the Challenges of Climate Change" at the Cabot Institute of the University of Bristol in Britain.
His estimates are backed up by recent reports from the International Energy Agency, and now the global accounting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers. I also quote from Joe Romm's blog at thinkprogress.org, and a comment by Lewis Cleverdon from Wales, in the Transition blog at transitionculture.org.
I'm Alex Smith for Radio Ecoshock. In this program, I'm going to play selections from Kevin Anderson's latest speech, accompanied by some explanation and references to other sources. Anderson speaks very quickly, assuming a highly informed European audience, and includes some technical data and reports unknown to most of us. So we're going to work through this together.
All music on this program is by Suvarna, with her co-conspirator Ravi, and guest Egyptian percussionist Hossam Ramzy. The album is "Energia" on Etherean Records. Suvarna, a world music maker, has another couple of albums with White Swan Records. We end this Radio Ecoshock show with a special single she sent to Radio Ecoshock. It's dead on. The song is "Atmosphere's Lament".
Suvarna's home page.
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This week's show on Kevin Anderson in CD Quality (56 MB).
Or try the faster downloading, lower quality Lo-Fi version (best to share on social media...)
A Radio Ecoshock listener made this transcript of the talk, as a .pdf file.
Here is a 58 minute radio edit of Anderson's speech for those wanting to rebroadcast. It could be even shorter if you cut the intro and provide your own.
This version is also great for busy people downloading the speech for their IPOD, mp3 player, phone or whatever. To save space you can use the "Lo-Fi" version, which is less than 14 megabytes.
Find the complete and full original speech, just over an hour long, as recorded by Alex Smith here. My thanks to Chris at Sheffield IndyMedia for telling me about this important lecture in advance.
Find the helpful slides (including the graphs) for this Kevin Anderson speech here.
You may also want to check out Kevin Anderson's first chapter of a recently published book, "Climate, Development and Equity".
That's available online here: Kevin Anderson: "Climate Change going beyond dangerous: brutal numbers and tenuous hope"
Anderson begins his talk with a source that is hardly known as green or radical. Fatih Birol, Chief Economist and Director of the International Energy Agency has warned on our current energy pathway the global mean temperature will rise by 3.5 degrees C - over 7 degrees F - over pre-industrial levels by 2040. For those counting, that's just 28 years from now. The IEA predicts 4 degrees rise by 2050, and 6 degrees by 2100.
In his book, "Six Degrees: Our Future on a Hotter Planet", and the National Geographic series based on the book, Mark Lynas says at +4 degrees C "Southern Europe will become unlivable due to extreme heat. The West Antarctic ice sheet will melt away and add another 5 meters to global sea level." At +6 degrees C, the Amazon forest long ago burned in a giant fireball, and all the polar ice melted, Lynas simply says "we will all be dead." The short You tube version is here.
Fatih Birol of the IEA says we have only five years to change our energy system - or have it changed for us. We'll talk more about that short time frame later.
33 comments:
The changes portrayed as coming by 2040 are so great that they must be in the works today. We don't see them. Also, global temperature rises are much less than regional rises, particularly those in the Arctic. The numbers just aren't here, and that includes sea-level rise and melting rates of Greenland (Antarctica is growing, though very slowly).
A little critical thinking shows that the claims are not reasonable on current data .... unless the current data are being seriously underplayed by Jim Hansen and Al Gore. Al Gore has lost serious money so far: do you think he would allow that if the "truth" were on his side?
- Alex Smith said...
I can't believe anyone could say "We don't see them".
Could we start with the record melt-back of Arctic sea ice last summer?
What about the rise of devastating storms? The extreme rainfall events all over the world? The record America drought?'
What exactly do we need to "see" to know the climate is already suffering a serious disruption?
Trees dying everywhere, $50 billion storms, 3rd worst drought ever, hottest year ever in u.s. Boom your toast.
This guy must be one of the worst speakers I've ever heard.
It's almost as if he is speaking to himself
- Alex Smith said...
I agree his speech is difficult.
It would be easier for an English audience, especially at a University.
That is partly why I made a program with the best clips, and some introduction and commentary on his speech.
Even so, it's worth the effort of listening twice if necessary. He speaks quickly because he is trying to pack so much in. And it's important material we don't hear from anyone else with his level of access.
If someone explains we are doomed the way we are going, they might not be the best speaker, but we need to listen anyway, I think.
- Wesmofo said...
He is not a bad speaker, he is technical and colorful. He's no schellnhuber or Jensen but he is good. Whenever someone mentions al gore like he is some kind of golden goose to the climate movement I can immediately stop listening. Only the lamest of all ideological climate deniers will attack a politician who has fumbled his way to the front of a Fox News moron update. Al gore has nothing to do with the climate movement. Sandy Irene Ilene and a couple of back to back droughts do however have clout in the forebrains of anyone paying attention.
Isn't it strange when the IPCC makes projections, journalists don't pay that much attention, but when Fatih Birol of the IEA essentially repeats the IPCC projections, journalists report it as if he had revealed some formerly unknown truth.
Anderson's "hope" in humanity is severely misguided. There is zero evidence to support a voluntary decline in energy use. Examination of human behavior across the planet reveals that we simply will not stop our consumption. His point that scaling industry back "in time" is well-taken (impossible to do), but he's misguided on assuming that the rest of us will do anything on a sufficient scale.
In effect, Anderson admits industry "can't", but fails to correctly identify that humanity "can't" either. No voluntary de-consumption works. There are ample examples of proof.
I went through his entire slide show. Anderson is essentially saying "we're completely screwed" on our present path (he's not the first to admit this). We're going to blow right past 4C warming (at least) and are on track for 7C or higher.
Emission lag times (decades), 2+ year report times are strong indicators that the state-of-the-art science "reporting" and how this affects national and international policy and practice is woefully behind actual expected climate collapse and its effects.
Good to see the research and analysis done, but he's actually failed to admit that his solution is really no solution at all -- a terrifying oversight in reality.
Anderson is really telling us when you come to understand what he's really saying that "there is no answer to this crisis", even if he somehow missed that conclusion. ~Survival Acres~
Sometimes, I don't care about the coming troubled times. Sometimes, I think how other cultures survived a holocaust and ... oh, didn't learn anything. Because those who could, never speak up or change the views of those around them. Both sides just shake their heads and go on, minding their own business. This is the thing that has to change, and I align myself with this view. Provoke, explain, help and construct a new world (order...). But just do not remain silence(d).
- Alex Smith said...
That reminds me of this quote from Winston Churchill...
"Men occasionally stumble over the truth, but most of them pick themselves up and hurry off as if nothing every happened."
I found that quote as the masthead of another of my favorite blogs "Climate Change: The Next Generation" here:
- Jb said...
Terrific program; I'm headed over to listen to the full lecture. In support of this week's show I've made a small donation. I hope everyone listening and reading the comments who can afford to will do the same.
Is a written transcript of this Radio Ecoshock program available somewhere?
- Alex Smith said...
The only transcript is this long blog postings (which is over 11 pages if you keep hitting "read more").
I am not aware of any transcript of the Kevin Anderson speech. It would be great to have, but would take hours I don't have (as I work on next week's program).
Any volunteers? I'll post it here if one shows up.
Professor Anderson claims that we can not implement renewables quickly enough to make a difference.
That is true only if we continue using the failed paradigm of the past twenty years - trying to impose market-based incentives for carbon reduction.
But there is another way, a different paradigm, that could work quickly enough. And that is to ignore the current carbon-based infrastructure and economy, and by government fiat, construct a 100% renewable energy system. In other words, nationalize our energy system.
The easiest, least expensive, most expeditious way to accomplish this would be to construct very large solar installations. For example, if we covered the Mojave Desert, where intense sun shines virtually all day every day of the year, with PV panels, we could produce enough electricity to replace every single calorie of carbon-based energy the U.S. needs now, and for hundreds of years into the future.
We could add inductive electrical charging to our highways, so that we could have a 100% electrical fleet even with our current lousy battery technology. We could employ millions to retrofit our homes and businesses to 100% electric heat, cooling, power.
We could do all this in 5 years if we wanted to. And this is how we sell it to the public:
All this electricity - every calorie - would be at no charge. It will be free to the consumer and businesses. No longer have to pay a dime to fill up your tank, heat/cool your house, run your factories.
For free of charge is what solar (or wind)actually costs after the needed infrastructure is up and paid for - it is free.
We don't need to take on the carbon economy with carbon taxes, etc - we need to ignore it and make it obsolete. AGW is a national (and international) crisis - it demands a Federal response, not market-based incentives.
Hell, if Obama wanted to, he could probably mandate this in the interest of National Security, and the Republicans would have nothing to say about it. The Dept. of Energy is part of the Executive branch, after all.
"Government fiat" is not free. Every company involved would expect to be paid.
A "100% electrical fleet" also will not work. No such thing as electric semi-trucks, trains, planes or ships.
"Employ millions" sounds nice too, but they also expect to be paid.
Your "no charge" electricity isn't free, nor does it even break even for many decades after the installation and maintenance costs are factored in. Suggest you look this up.
No such things as electric trains? Seriously?
The fight between "climate change zealots" and "climate change deniers" is a major turnoff. The main question in my opinion is not "do you believe or not in anthropogenic climate change," but rather "what can realistically be done if we had to meaningfully reduce carbon emission on a global basis." From what I've seen up to now, and considering how much fossil energy use is intimately related to standards of living, the answer to that more pragmatic question is: WE CAN'T DO MUCH. So the question of believing or not in human generated climate change becomes irrelevant. Please move on to more useful debates.
- Wesmofo said...
I love these people who suggest that we have no choice but to grab the wheel and punch the gas over the cliff. Well just figure it out when we get there. A.k.a. Worst plan ever. Fail to plan, plan to fail.
by Martin:
There should be no use of "hope," by anyone, even by Kevin Anderson, without data indicated real world feasibility. What could the word possibly mean?
We must look at the future, as it looks in outline and design, from what we are, what we have demonstrated we can do, what are the states of our instituions.
In that view, the "science" of these climate researchers, including Mr.Anderson, may be quite sophisticated and expert, but their "political science" abilities are shockingly bad, almost as if sociology is to be avoided, abhorred, denied at all times.
The human world is not run by a rational, planned system. Social reality is a supersysem, run by corrupt, myth-based, corporate-dominated adjustments and power dynamics.
Efficiency, power-down, voluntary simplicity, corporate technofixes, grass roots degrowth, decarbonization, direct action, are complete and utter fantasies as "solutions" to the specter of climate catastrophe.
The ecoshock is that ecology can never be separated from social reality, from politics to psychology.
- Takver Takvera said...
I listened to a similar speech by Kevin Anderson last December. Scientific reticence is all too real - scientists do not want to appear too alarmist. I witnessed such reticence myself attending the Four degrees or more? conference in Melbourne July 2011 as a citizen journalist. Most climate scientists are well aware that we are on target for 4 or perhaps 6 degrees of warming this century and the massive impacts this will have on population, food security, ecoysytems. But they do not want to be alarmist!
If you want some depressing analysis, read or watch the lectures and papers of physicist Dr Tim Garrett who applied basic thermodynamic physics principles to the economics of wealth, carbon emission rates and civilization asked Is it possible to decouple economic wealth from carbon dioxide emission rates? He came up with some very disturbing results. Thanks Alex Smith for the interview with Dr Garrett.
I think we have stuffed the capacity to keep within a 2 degree C limit, without an immediate 'war footing' effort by governments and business around the world. While global concern is serious, I don't think such action would be acceptable yet. The world will prevaricate some more, perhaps slow the rise in emissions a little, when we need substantial reductions.
I think it will require several more extreme weather events like the 2012 USA drought or Hurricane Sandy, or more extreme fire weather in Russia and Australia, heatwaves like the 2003 European one which purportedly killed 77,000 people, to bring the global crisis to a point where action becomes necessary, as in a war-like industrial footing.
I hope that we wake up soon and declare the One Degree War as put forward by ex-Greenpeace CEO Paul Gilding and Professor Jorgen Randers before too long. The earlier we start the more we limit the damage. And it is going to be rough. Watch Paul Gilding's TED talk from March 2012
So the world has 7 billion people currently, heading for nine billion people by 2050. With business as usual we might hit 4 degrees warming by the 2060s. In the current climate we would be pressed to feed 9 billion. In a four degree world we are probably looking at a carrying capacity of less than 1 billion. We are looking at the death of 8 billion people, this century.
Thanks Alex for your continued reporting...you are a small light in the darkness.
- david lewis said...
Anderson has been saying roughly the same things for years.
For those requesting a transcript of his speech, the link you provided, i.e. to the Development Dialogue September 2012 article by Anderson is a very good written summary of Anderson's views by Anderson himself.
David Roberts did a series of articles on the views of Kevin Anderson almost a year ago now, for Grist.
Peer reviewed papers by Anderson or by Anderson and coauthors such as Alice Bows, his main collaborator:
2008 paper: Reframing the climate change challenge in light of post-2000 emission trends
2009 Anderson, New, Liverman: "Mind the Gap", Dec 2009 Nature Reports Climate Change
2010 paper: Beyond Dangerous climate change: emission scenarios for a new world
Anderson's most recent peer reviewed paper appeared in Nature Climate Change September 2012 A New Paradigm for Climate Change
The editors of Nature Climate Change called attention to Anderson and Bows work in their editorial Clarion Call in that September 2012 edition. They say that Anderson and Bows "make the case that climate scientists and other academics should do more to impress on politicians the urgency for radical action to avert potentially dangerous future climate change over coming decades.... "science demonstrates that the threshold of 2 °C is no longer viable, at least within orthodox political and economic constraints."
- david lewis said...
When Anderson says "we don't want to bite the hand that feeds us", or "why is it every single scenario out there has this growth rate that's lower? I would argue that if you put in a higher growth rate, you get nasty results, and your funders won't pay you", he's making a similar point to the one climate science deniers make, i.e. that climate scientists produce whatever result their paymaster wants them to produce, which is ridiculous.
Anderson's point, that many scientists have not spoken up when they knew that the somewhat rosy projections about how everyone could live happily ever after while stabilizing the composition of the atmosphere and enjoying prosperity for all, as he says in his Bristol speech, are most properly directed at the types who make those projections that involve economic models, emission models, and climate projection, not your average climate scientist.
When Anderson says "I think the climate scientific community has hugely underplayed the size of the problem, knowingly, because its very hard to come up and say what you really think, because people don't want to hear the message".
I'd like to hear him say this to James Hansen or John Schellnhuber.
The subject of the "impossible" world we are heading into, i.e. 4 degrees warming and beyond, has been explored by the Royal Society of the UK, and in a followup conference held in Australia. Schellnhuber gave the keynote at both conferences.
People who think types like Schellnhuber are who Anderson is thinking of when he criticizes scientists haven't listened to what Schellnhuber is saying.
Extensive material in the form of audio and video of the presentations is available online. Royal Society UK material here
Oz conference material here
Royal Society UK January 2011 Special Issue on 4 Degrees highlighting the views of Kevin Anderson and Alice Bows table of contents page
Video of Anderson presenting his views at the 4 degrees conference here
- Alex Smith said...
A Radio Ecoshock listener made this transcript of the talk, as a .pdf file.
Great job - thanks!
I think more scientists like Kevin need to step out of the comfort zones and become activists.
With how climate change is going, it looks like a significant majority of humanity may never see 4 C, well below that level we could be so decimated that we may not even have the ability to track global temperatures [or global population numbers] anymore. Even below 2 C we are seeing climate change effects much worse than IPCC's worst case scenario, and this is ramping up exponentially so what to say of 4C.
We talk about "saving the environment" currently because we are in the protective shell of relatively stable climate for most of the globe that allows life to flourish. But beyond some thresholds of climate battering the life support systems on the planet, we will no longer be talking about saving the environment but just hoping to escape the environmental wrath by trying to adapt in the here and now.
That said, we must still do what we can to move to carbon neutrality and sustainability and resilience just in case the earth reacts in a way that isn't as life threatening as the computer models predict because we don't yet know completely how the planet's highly complex anatomy and physiology works.
- Alex Smith said...
I think Piyush has raise something important.
All of our reports and "plans" assume a globally functioning industrial civilization. But what if we are so battered by repeated extreme weather events that we end up with disassociated pockets of humans?
For example, we might not know what is happening on another continent, or what is coming our way.
I might not have considered that possibility until I see the inability of America's foremost city, New York, to help seniors and others trapped in blacked-out buildings, many floors up, even weeks later.
All the talk in New York and New Jersey seems to be about "rebuilding" these coastal communities, rather than recognizing in some places it is better to retreat from low-lying areas near the sea.
There is an economic tipping point where the cost of storm recovery, much less rebuilding, may be more than the productive capacity of a society. Countries like Pakistan and Bangladesh are already at that point. We may be a decade or two away?
Yes Alex, the key point in your statements is that many things we have designed for a modern industrial system are based on the assumption of a relatively stable climate in most places, particularly where there are dense populations. Engineers do design for things like earthquakes knowing the geology and there is also some allowance for floods etc but I doubt if there is intentional design for superstorms. Of course, one can rebuild such as what was done post Katrina in new Orleans where about 14 billion dollars were expended to rebuild the levees etc by Army Corps of Engineers, and now it can handle Cat 3, but is there any guarantee that a Cat 4 super hurricane will not strike New Orleans? Next time it happens, where are the money and resources going to come from? And let's say we start rebuilding in New York and before we are done, what if another one strikes?
So far climate change hasn't quite registered in the psyche of the majority because the cost and times during a year occupied in storms and extreme weather is a fraction (number of days out of 365 and economic cost in relation to GDP). Currently it is like a child that throws a few tantrums every now and then but it is morphing fast into a monster. As these fractions get to 10-20 % levels with increasing intensity, increasing frequency and increasing geographical spread, the kind of question you are raising [rebuilding versus relocating] will start to get serious consideration and people will be willing to rise enmasse.
Similar assumptions prevail when it comes to industrial ag, where soil is treated as inert substrate to hold oil to grow inorganic food in monocultures. Dust bowl like conditions are already happening in Midwest and the costs of this are coming up with a time lag.
Poor kids. You have unhinged your minds to swallow absurdities larger than your heads.
You may never know what it is to have a life that's meaninful on the basis of merit.
This self indulgence of adolescent angst is a sign of stunted development.
No - I wouldn't change it. This is what makes idiocy self limiting - what Darwin called 'natural rejection'.
You can't multiply without recruiting and you've hit the limit of the flask that contains you. It's all extinction from here.
So long and fare as well as you have devoutly wished.
The world has no use for you.
We will positively thrive when you are gone.
- Takver Takvera said...
From my experience some assessment and planning is being done now in Australia regarding sea level rise and it's impact on planned and existing coastal buildings and infrastructure. But there is an institutional vacuum about measures to allow and assist coastal wetlands to migrate inland as sea level rises.
I asked the following question of Professor Lesley Hughes, an Australian Climate Commissioner in July at a Climate Commission public forum for Victoria:
"Given that coastal wetlands are important carbon sinks, moderate storm surges and provide an important animal nursery ecosystem, what measures are being taken to allow coastal wetlands to migrate inland as sea level rises?"
Her brief answer? "None". So there is no planning to allow coastal wetlands to advance, which will have major ecosystems consequences along our coasts in the long term. I suspect this lack of environmental planning will occurr round the world, and just adds to the impact of future storms and degradation on ecosystems which ultimately human society depends upon.
- Alex Smith said...
A brilliant addition by Takver.
Nobody is going to want to give up an inch of real estate to "useless" swamps or wetlands - even when we know they protect us from storm surges (or river flooding during extreme precipitation events).
There is no give and take with nature, with the landscape and ecosystems. It's just take - and then we are surprised when natural systems take what they need anyway.
As Guy McPherson's blog title says: "Nature Bats Last".
- Buffalo River Chamber of Commerce said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
Well I am no Scientist, But it doesn't take a Rocket Scientist to figure This out..With all the highly conductive materials they are spraying in the sky, Blocking the sun. The sun is heating up those materials & causing more heat to reflect back down on the planet. Another thing that greatly concerns me & should concern everyone on this planet!!Someone in the background is splitting atoms!! What do I mean by that? Someone had joined forces with climate change via Geo Engineering.
Who? It should be Investigated, And why hasn't it already. Not only are they spraying their Highly Conductive materials, But they are also spraying self assembling nanos. Now they are in the soil, The sewers, Wildlife, Plants, tree's you name it!!Domestic animals & Humans. This is a very serious matter & Whoever is response able for this, Should be locked up in prison for the rest of their life..
- Linda Knight said...
It cannot be undone but still the coming of climate change can be prevented. The only way is to help out the authorities in bringing back or replace everything that is lost. Live in a environmental-friendly lifestyle and as much as possible avoid doing things that'll aggravate the current situation of the world environmentally.
- Alexandra Ariana said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.


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A couple decades ago you could bypass Bend if you wanted to, except you never did.
In most years during the 1980s my family traveled east every Thanksgiving from our home in Stayton, over the North Santiam River and through the Cascades to Sunriver, where we rented a house for the long weekend.
Back then Bend was small enough that the one main route through town — Highway 97 — was sufficient to handle even heavy holiday traffic. There were an awful lot of signals, sure, but the delays were of a tolerable duration.
If anything, the brief interlude as we traversed Bend only heightened my sense of anticipation for Sunriver and its fabulous (to a kid and, occasionally, to an orthopedist) sledding hills and sleeping lofts. I remember how my heart would beat a little faster when our car cleared the last intersection and the roadside pines appeared and the sign for the High Desert Museum loomed out of the darkness (it was almost always dark, because we left after school on the day before the holiday).
Had anyone suggested then that the state ought to build a ring road in Bend, something akin to Interstate 205 in Portland or Interstate 105 in Eugene, the very notion would have provoked laughter.
But then I doubt many people predicted that, within one generation, Bend would triple its population.
After a hiatus of 15 years or so my parents revived our tradition. Our family — a considerably larger contingent now with the addition of spouses and nine grandchildren and some number of portable DVD players — has gathered in Sunriver for each of the past four Thanksgivings.
Yet even though I've become re-acquainted with Bend I still feel a trifle bewildered whenever I approach the place, and no matter from which direction.
Since I live in Baker City it's usually from the east. To avoid Redmond, another burgeoning Central Oregon city prone to congestion, I exit Highway 126 just west of Powell Butte and follow the Alfalfa cutoff, which intercepts Highway 20 a mile or so east of the Bend city limits.
What I remembered about this part of Bend from our past trips is that it pretty much ended once you got east of Pilot Butte. There was St. Charles Hospital, and a lot of sagebrush and juniper.
Today the junipers are scattered, but the tacos and the pizza practically deliver themselves to your car. It's as if Pilot Butte, an ancient volcano, had reawakened and erupted Burger King instead of basalt.
The situation is much the same as you revolve around the compass rose.
On the west, Awbrey Butte resembles Bel Air without the palm trees, and to the south the pines have surrendered, for most of a mile, to Fred Meyer and Wal-Mart and, inevitably, to factory outlet stores.
In the north, Bend's and Redmond's respective sprawls seem destined to collide, making Redmond to Bend what Springfield is to Eugene, or Gresham to Portland.
Bend's rapid growth is hardly a secret, of course. I had read about the construction of the Parkway, a highway that parallels the old route of Highway 97, so when my parents announced three autumns ago that they had rented a house in Sunriver I figured I could rely on the Parkway to guide me around the gridlock.
I found the Parkway easily enough. In fact I drove right under it. What I couldn't figure out was how to get onto the thing. This annoyed me because the Parkway is four lanes wide and illuminated as intensely as a runway.
Instead I wandered about in a poorly lit commercial district which I did not recognize. Worse still I drove through a couple of roundabouts, or rather I drove around and around them in a carousel-like way that made everyone in the car woozy except for me, and that's only because I was too mad to notice the incipient nausea.
Last year I actually located the entrance to the Parkway and it whisked us, as it was designed to do, quite briskly into the pine forests through which Highway 97 runs south to Sunriver.
That successful episode didn't instill much confidence, though. Also I'm still frightened of roundabouts.
Anyway this year I plotted a different detour on the far east side of the city. It, too, was efficient. And yet I felt a twinge of nostalgia as we rolled along, inconvenienced neither by red lights nor stop signs. The sense was that by avoiding as much of Bend as I could I was in some minor way betraying my family's well-loved tradition by boycotting one whole act.
Driving through the bustling heart of Bend, it seemed to me in retrospect, was an integral part of our experience. It was our 10-minute flirtation with the urban rush before we fled to Sunriver, that sedate refuge which supplies most of the amenities of a city but steadfastly refuses to be one. Now as then, Sunriver scrupulously prefers the lodgepole pine grove over the warehouse retailer, the narrow path over the broad Parkway.
On Friday morning we drove to Bend to engage in battle, or at least to look for a slow-cooker on sale.
We went to the mall on the north side. This was, back in the 1980s, the prime shopping destination in Bend, although it boasted, as best I recall, a handful of stores.
Today it epitomizes corpulent American commerce, a place that deals in products as disparate as chain saws and organic tortilla chips.
When you're browsing the storefronts you could be any place, so generic is the architecture. There is nothing to distinguish Bend from Boston, or Boise.
Nothing, that is, until you get clear of the buildings and the view opens to the west and the Three Sisters suddenly appear, their white domes flanked by the pinnacle of Mount Washington and graceful Bachelor and craggy Broken Top, so aptly named.
And right then you realize, with immense gratitude, that although we can pave over the juniper stumps and scrape smooth the contorted fields of lava we can't really ruin the place, can't replace its true heart with false fluorescence and all-night drive-thru lanes.
There is yet magic in a place, it seems to me, so long as a person, even while stuck in traffic, can look out and see the glistening glaciers of a peak that was here long before anyone figured out how to grind grass into a cup of juice.
And persuade people to pay five bucks for the pleasure of gulping it down.


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Anime Image
um shouldn't we put up an anime version of roshi since the episode where roshi got beaten came out? —This unsigned comment was made by 126.96.36.199 (talk • contribs) on 16:12, 8 August 2009 (UTC).
Yea i think we shood do thatMoiz1224 (talk) 01:16, 10 August 2009 (UTC)Moiz1295
Yeah, why does anybody had changed his picture? I could do it if nobody wants to do it... just tell me how!! Or you could share both images since Roshi in the anime hasn't been shown with a pretty good looking, jaja. --Vock (talk) 21:59, 10 August 2009 (UTC)
- maybe because this current pic is better? We saw a half-dead person, unconscious....This pic, shows him alive, and well...I'd prefer this...--AlienGamer--Talk-- 06:38, 11 August 2009 (UTC)
Lava release
Is it stated somewhere that Lava release is Four-Tailed Monkey's ability, not Roshi's own skill?--Erik1310 (talk) 12:14, June 19, 2010 (UTC)
- Yes it has been. Among other places, it was stated in chapter 353, on page 3. --ShounenSuki (talk | contribs) 12:42, June 19, 2010 (UTC)
Maybe it's because of different translations, but Kisame there says: "The Four-tails uses Lava release". If I'm correct, Jinchurikki are sometimes called like that: Naruto - Nine-tails, Gaara - One-tail(s). So is it possible that Kisame was talking about Roshi, not about Four-tailed beast?--Erik1310 (talk) 13:25, June 19, 2010 (UTC)
- I can't recall the jinchūriki ever being called by the name of their tailed beast only. It is usually "the X-Tails' jinchūriki" or simply "The X-Tails'."
- Even if this would be the case, it isn't here. Kisame says "this jinchūriki that uses the Four-Tails' Lava Release..." --ShounenSuki (talk | contribs) 13:33, June 19, 2010 (UTC)
The pages say that it is tradition for the Jinchuriki to be related to the kage right? Well if that's the case then there's a possibility of him being related to Han as they are from the same village--Soul reaper (talk) 11:30, September 4, 2010 (UTC)
- That possibility is very remote, though. First of all, we don't even know if this tradition applied to Han and Rōshi. Either one could have been an exception. Even if they are related, it could be that they're not related to the same kage. Even if they are related to the same kage, they could have vastly different relationships, making their relationship to each other negligible. —ShounenSuki (talk | contribs | translations) 16:16, September 4, 2010 (UTC)
- Based on how old the current Tsuchikage is, I would say it is more than likely that Roshi is related to Onoki. It could also be seen as a connecting factor to Kurotsuchi, Onoki's granddaughter, who can use Lava Release. It seems too coincidental since it has been stated that: 1.) Jinchuriki are most often chosen from family members of current or future Kage to both show off the Kage's might as well as to keep them from betraying the village; 2.) Kurotsuchi is also from Iwagakure and also uses Lava Release; and 3.) Kurotsuchi is the granddaughter of Onoki, the Tsuchikage. Too many variables point to a familial connection between the two. LeafNinjaGoku (talk) 02:36, April 23, 2011 (UTC)
Profile image
It needs to be trimed a little, but i was wondering if we could use this as a profile image??? --Gojita (talk) 13:04, March 31, 2011 (UTC)Gojita
- Isn't there an image that shows his face better? —ShounenSuki (talk | contribs | translations) 13:14, March 31, 2011 (UTC)
- no, there's not!!! In the anime his scene is only in profile! :S but the other Jinchurikis (except for Han too) have a great anime images! Meaning for Fu and Yagura :P¨--Kiba91 (talk) 13:25, March 31, 2011 (UTC)
- They coloured Fū incorrectly... —ShounenSuki (talk | contribs | translations) 13:32, March 31, 2011 (UTC)
- no, there's not!!! In the anime his scene is only in profile! :S but the other Jinchurikis (except for Han too) have a great anime images! Meaning for Fu and Yagura :P¨--Kiba91 (talk) 13:25, March 31, 2011 (UTC)
Seeing how the current image is also slightly in profile is another reason for asking this. --Gojita (talk) 13:47, March 31, 2011 (UTC)Gojita
And he i was thinking that Fū was actually done perfectly. I don't really see a difference between Roshi's manga and anime image but i don't have an issue if either is used. They're both profiled shots --Cerez™☺ 13:51, March 31, 2011 (UTC)
- before we change anyting, i would like if people suggested different trimings of the image i uploaded. At the current size it becomes to small in the infobox. --Gojita (talk) 13:54, March 31, 2011 (UTC)Gojita
- The manga image shows far more of his face. The anime image is a literal side-view —ShounenSuki (talk | contribs | translations) 13:56, March 31, 2011 (UTC)
- And the issue with Fū's anime image? --Cerez™☺ 13:59, March 31, 2011 (UTC)
- The manga image shows far more of his face. The anime image is a literal side-view —ShounenSuki (talk | contribs | translations) 13:56, March 31, 2011 (UTC)
- Ok, everyone stop doing anything with the images. Completely. No I don't care about reverting to the original, everyone stop everything. We are going to settle this once and for all.
- And no, when I say settle this, I mean a way that will make both sides of this stupid war stop. That means no "colored manga images because Kishimoto made them", he ain't writing us checks. And no "anime images becauese they are better drawn or whatever", because they ain't writing us checks either. We are going to find a compromise that will serve everyone.--TheUltimate3 ~Keeper of Lore~ 13:59, March 31, 2011 (UTC)
- while Roshi's anime image is good, it only shows one side of his face! On the other hand the manga pic shows a 3/4 of his face! So may be the anime one could replace the other one in his appereance section!! The manga pic should stay on the infobox! On the other hand, i hardly recommend that Fu's and Yagura's infobox pic should change as they are quite good! So why do you propose Ultimate3??? --Kiba91 (talk) 14:03, March 31, 2011 (UTC)
- First, TheUltimate3 or TU3. Have to use the entire thing or it doesn't work >.>.
- Second, We will discuss it here. And only here.--TheUltimate3 ~Keeper of Lore~ 14:05, March 31, 2011 (UTC)
- while Roshi's anime image is good, it only shows one side of his face! On the other hand the manga pic shows a 3/4 of his face! So may be the anime one could replace the other one in his appereance section!! The manga pic should stay on the infobox! On the other hand, i hardly recommend that Fu's and Yagura's infobox pic should change as they are quite good! So why do you propose Ultimate3??? --Kiba91 (talk) 14:03, March 31, 2011 (UTC)
the top of his thing says taht he left iwagakure to better learn and control the beast inside him, where was that stated?—This unsigned comment was made by 18.104.22.168 (talk • contribs) .
- from the databook friend. Though I don't remember which one exactly.--Cerez365™☺ 02:49, May 8, 2011 (UTC)
Can we list Roshi as a user of nintaijutsu? His magma armor is basically an application of ninjutsu that directly bolsters his taijutsu prowess. From this site's page on Nintaijutsu I'd say Roshi fits the bill. Igaram (talk) 16:58, December 7, 2011 (UTC)
- We have little to no definition of nintaijutsu actually is from the manga. Because of that, we're holding off listing anyone who might use nintaijutsu. Omnibender - Talk - Contributions 19:11, December 7, 2011 (UTC)
Curved kunai
When was Roshi wielding a curved kunai. Any links? 188.8.131.52 (talk) 09:25, December 21, 2011 (UTC)
Roshi seems to be smiling in this? Can we mention this in his article?--22.214.171.124 (talk) 16:06, January 18, 2012 (UTC)
- That just looks like a gaping mouth though...--Cerez365™ 16:08, January 18, 2012 (UTC)
Personality section
we should add one. After all we've seen he has been described as hard headed. He also seems calm and is shown in a meditative sitting position. He also shows himself to be a deep thinker as well by his comment about treading the same path as Naruto —This unsigned comment was made by 184.108.40.206 (talk • contribs) .
- Then make one.--TheUltimate3 ~Keeper of Lore~ 12:25, February 1, 2012 (UTC)
Where does it say he's as hard headed as Onoki, it compares him to hard head of an axe in the manga, an axe that belonged to a tsuchikage —This unsigned comment was made by 18.104.22.168 (talk • contribs) .
is Roshi's soul in his body, or with son somehow? Because when he and son were talking with the other jinchuuriki and tailed beasts, he disappeard with son? So is his soul in the gedo mazo?--Asian711 (talk) 22:41, February 1, 2012 (UTC)
He was resurrected with Edo Tensei, so yeah his soul was there because Edo Tensei binds the soul of the resurrected to the body. Skitts (talk) 22:42, February 1, 2012 (UTC)
Rōshi disappeared from the plain place where they were gathered. If Son's not there/ inside him then he's kinda banned from the club. That doesn't necessarily mean Rōshi's soul still isn't bound but without orders he won't/can't move.--Cerez365™ 22:50, February 1, 2012 (UTC)
wait we can't he be controlled? he's edo tensei, not a dead body.--Asian711 (talk) 04:48, February 2, 2012 (UTC)
You misunderstood Cerez. He meant that without orders from Kabuto he can't move. Skitts (talk) 06:51, February 2, 2012 (UTC)
before sealed?
When it says before son goku was sealed into the demonic statue of the outer path, roshi tried to make piece with him, does that mean when roshi was captured and extracted, or recently when naruto pulledout the stake and they were taken back into the statue?--Asian711 (talk) 04:50, February 2, 2012 (UTC)
- Recently. I'm not quite sure how to explain, but if you understand how Naruto can have full conversations w/ Kurama in his mind seemingly within a few seconds, that's what happened.--Questionaredude (talk) 04:57, February 2, 2012 (UTC)
shouldn't we say as son fades away, since roshi's soul is still in his body?--Asian711 (talk) 05:00, February 2, 2012 (UTC)
the ring
the anime added it in his latest appearances--Elveonora (talk) 22:42, May 17, 2012 (UTC)
where are his techniques?--Samemaru 01:40, March 27, 2013 (UTC)
- Bugs are currently screwing a few things up. One of them is jutsu and tool lists for characters whose article titles contains macroned letters. Omnibender - Talk - Contributions 01:45, March 27, 2013 (UTC)
It says: "Rōshi became the jinchūriki of the Four-Tails over forty years before the Fourth Shinobi World War at a very young age. He left his home town of Iwagakure at some point to better understand and control the power of the beast within him"
If I remember correctly, he was called an old man, he also appears to be in his later years... does the part "at a very young age" come from manga/databooks or so? Cause it's not very logical considering he looks to be in 50's or 60's not to mention we know of jinchuriky since birth.--Elveonora (talk) 17:05, April 7, 2013 (UTC)
Over forty years as jinchūriki comes from the small flashback of Rōshi and Son Gokū talking before Obito recalls Son Gokū to the Demonic Statue, him as jinchūriki from young age and leaving Iwagakure to better understand and control the power comes from databook. Omnibender - Talk - Contributions 17:15, April 7, 2013 (UTC)
I see... then let me change it a little--Elveonora (talk) 17:20, April 7, 2013 (UTC)


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President Barack Obama is telling college students they have the most at stake in November's presidential election and says their generation will determine the nation's path.
He says Republican rival Mitt Romney doesn't have a plan to move the country forward and has written off young people as a "lost generation."
Obama spoke Tuesday at Iowa State University. It was his first stop on a two-day trip taking him to three university cities.
Obama is seeking to tap the enthusiasm that drove millions of young people to campaign and vote for him in 2008. His campaign team is working to register voters who were in high school back then.
Said Obama: "For the first time in most of your lives you will get a chance to pick a president."
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Block Party Studios is the best source for unique hand printed quilting fabrics, quilt patterns and fabric panels in the Central, Iowa, area. Located in the quaint town of Nevada, our friendly quilt shop features a wide variety of premium fabrics for sale by the yard, along with an assortment of gift items for quilters. We only use the finest manufacturers in the industry, to bring you a full line of original hand printed fabrics, patterns and kits of superior quality. Whether you drop by our storefront, or shop with us here online, you'll be treated to attentive, personalized service and prompt, proficient order handling!
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The Holland Play is the final mission given by Playboy X to Niko Bellic in Grand Theft Auto IV. He request that you kill Dwayne Forge, and Dwayne wants you to kill Playboy and you have a choice to either kill Playboy or Dwayne. The mission is played differently depending on who you kill. Also, the reward is different depending on who you kill.
Mission objectives
In order to complete the mission the player must:
- Kill PLAYBOY X or DWAYNE
Choosing Playboy
- Take down Playboy
Choosing Dwayne
- Take out Dwayne
Killing Playboy X
Killing Dwayne
- Dwayne Forge
- Unknown Tramp
Part 1
Niko Bellic speaks to Playboy at his apartment. Playboy asks him to kill Dwayne, and Niko says he will think about it. Soon afterwards, Niko will receive a call from Dwayne (or you can call him to save the wait), asking him to kill Playboy. The player must choose whether to kill Playboy or Dwayne. Playboy will eventually call Niko (or again, you can call him yourself to save time), and a red 'X' and 'D' will appear over Playboy and Dwayne's locations; make your choice by going to the target's respective location.
Killing Dwayne
- "It ain't that simple, Dwayne. This is nothing personal."
- ―Niko Bellic, before killing Dwayne Forge.
If your decision is to kill Dwayne Forge, head over to Dwayne's apartment in the projects of North Holland, Algonquin. Go up the stairs to the first apartment, and you will encounter Dwayne's friend, a tramp, wielding a baseball bat; shoot him or beat him up. Go around the corner and face Dwayne.
To kill Forge, there are two options, you can kill him with one of the special execution scenes, or do it the conventional way. Rather than resist, Dwayne simply turns his back on you, in the execution scene, Niko turns his head and closes his eyes and shoots him in the back of the head.
Killing Playboy
- "It was you, or Dwayne. I chose Dwayne!"
- ―Niko Bellic while chasing Playboy X.
If your decision is to kill Playboy X, head over to Playboy's penthouse in Northwood, Algonquin. A cutscene plays, and Playboy realizes Niko is after him; he retreats to the balcony, leaving his bodyguards to fight Niko. You will be behind some cover; shoot as many guards as you can from safety, then get out of cover and kill the rest. Go onto the balcony and chase Playboy down to street level. Some of his crew will get into a Patriot and try to gun you down. Take care of them, and corner Playboy X in an alleyway. He will drop his jammed Desert Eagle.
You can either kill Playboy in the normal way, or use a pistol to trigger an execution scene, in which Playboy looks to the sky, and Niko shoots him through the lower jaw, the bullet exiting through the top of his head.
There is a much more straight forward alternative — while you are in cover in Playboy's apartment, switch to your rocket launcher (if you've managed to get one — one can be found relatively nearby on the small rocky island north of Holland) and fire it at the bottom half of the open door through which Playboy escaped. Playboy will most likely be caught in the explosion and die while hiding behind the tree - re-aim and shoot again if that's not the case. The mission will pass as normal. If you still cannot manage to blow up Playboy, shoot his goons and go to the left of the big room. There you can shoot him, as you will have a clear view of his head.
Video Walkthrough
After The Mission
- If you kill Dwayne Forge, you'll get $25,000, but Playboy will all of a sudden have a change of heart towards Niko killing Dwayne (possibly from realizing that he actually called a hit on his own mentor and regretting it) and will cut his ties towards Niko and never speaks to him again.
- If you kill Playboy X, you'll get his penthouse as a gift from Dwayne, and Claude's outfit from GTA III (only available using the wardrobe in the penthouse). You can also obtain Playboy's Desert Eagle after killing him, making this mission the earliest point in the game that one can be obtained without cheating. Dwayne will become a friend, if you respond positively to an e-mail he will send. Dwayne's special ability is to send two gangsters to help you in a gunfight.
- Playboy X - If you side with Dwayne Forge.
- Dwayne Forge - If you side with Playboy X.
- Unknown Tramp - If you choose to kill Dwayne, he will attack you with a bat and Niko must kill him.
- Playboy's Goons - If you choose to kill Playboy, Niko will have to kill his goons.
- The $25,000 you get for killing Dwayne is the highest amount of money you can get in any GTA IV Era mission (excluding Three Leaf Clover, If the Price is Right and Out of Commission).
- This mission can be played even after completing the ending in GTA IV.
- During the first cutscene, Playboy mentions Dwayne thinking that the drug game is like 1992 again. This could be a reference to GTA San Andreas , as the set year of the game is 1992.
- The name of this mission is possibly a reference to "The Scottish Play", a common nickname used in the theatrical community to refer to William Shakespeare's Macbeth. The nickname is used because referring to the play by name inside a theater is considered bad luck.
- On rare occasions, Playboy X may not make the jump from his penthouse to the other building, and will simply fall to his death, passing the mission.
- Calling Roman after the mission will result in a unique phone call depending on the decision the player made - if the player killed Playboy X, Roman will ask Niko if he killed anyone lately, to which Niko will respond that he has, a drug dealer named Playboy X, and that he spared a friend of Playboy's who he liked better. He then mentions that he feels he did the right thing. If the player killed Dwayne, however, Niko will tell Roman in a sadder tone of voice what he did, and that Playboy X paid him off, but is treating him like an "asshole". Roman tells Niko he's a "rich asshole" and tells him to spend the money on a "clean hotel room and a dirty college girl" and to call him to hang out afterwards.
- There is one glitch where if the player aims a pistol at Playboy behind the window in his safehouse while he is hiding behind the wall, aim at his body and shoot, then it will cut to the cinematic execution.thumb|500px|right|The glitch happens after goons and Playboy are killed
- There is also another glitch, if you are underground in the subway and you're walking on the tracks, it will automatically send you to Playboy's aparment.
- An easy way to take out Playboy X is by throwing a gernade onto the balcony outside his apartment.
- When Playboy X dies, he drops a Combat Pistol/Desert Eagle, a gun that you cannot buy until about 2 or 3 missions before the end of the game (the second last gun you can buy in the game, the last being the RPG)
- Out of the Dwayne and Playboy X decision, keeping Dwayne alive is the best decision out of the two. (unless you have serious money problems in which case, you may want to kill Dwayne, but even then an apartment, a costume from GTA 3 and a new friend with an ability is better than $25,000)


text:
May 2, 2016
U.S. Sen. Kay Hagan has returned to North Carolina to have emergency surgery on her eye.
Spokeswoman Amber Moon said Hagan left Washington on Thursday night and had the surgery Friday. She is recuperating, but expects to be back on her regular schedule in several days.
Moon says Hagan has had the condition for a while and it has steadily gotten worse. She put off the surgery for as long as she could so she could keep working in the Senate, but the conditioned worsened. Moon would not specify the problem Hagan was having with her eye.
Hagan is a Democrat in a tough re-election fight against Republican North Carolina House Speaker Thom Tillis.
(Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. )
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Recent Reviews
Overall Product Rating:
|(5 out of 5)
By: Rick Greenquist
Jan 10, 2014
Excellent Product
This was an excellent product; well done, well packaged, and the installation instructions were complete and clear. Following are some hints that are worth considering:
- We got "cold feet" so to speak and ended up ordering more cable guides since the space we were heating was an irregular shape. Good idea, since they were inexpensive, but if you are doing a square or rectangular space, you won't need extras.
- We used a hot glue gun to fix all of the cable guides onto cement backer board, and it worked out great.
- We ordered an extra sensor and installed it, leaving the connection cable wound up behind the wall. Another case of "cold feet", brought on by experience in the automation controls business, and a mature age that has given me a different view of what a phrase like "don't worry, it will last forever" means.
- Pay attention to the admonition in the instructions to have a space in the room that you are heating that can either accept extra heating cable, or get robbed of cable to cover a more important area. If you can get that settled in your mind, then the only "unknown" in your project will turn out well.
- We used this product to heat the floor in a entry way. We were not interested in "warm toesies", but we were interested in mitigating the effects of wet northwest weather. Here in Seattle, we get a good share of rainy weather 9 months out of the year. In this kind of environment, you remove your shoes in the entryway of every home you go into. keeping the floor temperature around 10F higher than the indoor air temperature, provided enough heat to gently dry off the shoes before the beginning of the next day. Our two Labradors are also very pleased in the side benefits of guarding the front door.


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Learn tried-and-true post-production tips and techniques for low-budget or ultra-low-budget video projects. Learn effective post-production techniques from Emmy-winning filmmaker Eduardo Angel.
Audio for Video
Learn how to record and edit audio for video, film, and television. Tutorials explore video project workflow, using audio engineering and music production software such as Pro Tools, Final Cut Pro, and Audition to create sound mixes, and more.
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text:
First of all: I like the 2005 version, I love the 2010 version and I will keep an eye on the 2011 version
To your question if the city is big enough:
EDIT: Calculation wrong - see next posts
Quoted the
Magical Guide to Medieval Societies
You want to have 20,000 people so you had ~19 / acre.Medieval towns and cities are small, usually less than
a mile in diameter, and rarely grow larger than a few
thousand souls. Most urban environments average a
population density of 20-60 people per acre. Larger
cities, royal cities, or cities on major trade routes have
higher growth potential because of the amount of
money flowing through the city. Population density in
these cities is as high as 200 people per acre.
When my quick calculations are precise enough (lots of rounding) there is some space for more inhabitants, or you could adjust the scale.
It depends much on the type of city. As said before I will link to the guide.
Have to go now and will update soon,
hope this will help you a bit
I'd love to know more about the background story (is it in German?)
EDIT: Links inserted


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text:
Simba`s opponents in the Confederation Cup Es Setif from Algeria eventually landed at the Julius Nyerere International Airport in Dar es Salaam yesterday morning, five days ahead of the encounter.
The first leg match will be played at the National Stadium on Sunday.
The contingent involved 35 people on board the flight of whom 20 are players and the rest are officials and journalists.
The Tanzania Football Federation's information officer, Boniface Wambura, had earlier released the full line-up of the twenty players who are Mohamed Benhamou, Sofiane Bengorine, Riadh Benchadi, Smain Diss, Farouk Belkaid, Khaled Gourmi, Mourad Delhoum, Said Arroussi, Mokhtar Benmoussa, Tarek Berguiga, Mohamed Aoudi and Amir Karaoui.
Others are Mohamed El Amine Tiouli, Racid Ferrahi, Youcef Ghezzali, Youssef Sofiane, Mokhtar Megueni, Rachid Nadji, Abderrahmane Hachoud and Akram Djahnit.
The team arrived with their Swiss coach Alain Norbert Geiger.
Es Setif will be the second club from Algeria to play against Simba in Confederation Cup after Al-Harrach who were knocked out at the quarterfinal stage in 1993.
In a build up towards the Sunday clash, hosts Simba have already been permitted by the Government to make use of the National Stadium for final practice sessions prior to the Sunday game.
However, Simba's spokesman Ezekiel Kamwaga said spectators will not be allowed to watch the training progress of the host team.
Simba are playing against the Algerian team after edging Rwanda's Kiyovu Sport by 3-2 goals aggregate, winning the return leg at home by a delicate victory of 2-1 goals.
Simba are leading the Mainland premiership by 47 points to enjoy a three-point gap over second laced Azam FC in the 12-team league.


text:
this wiki
- "There is a beast in every man and it stirs when you put a sword in his hand. "
- ―Jorah Mormont
Ser Jorah Mormont is a major character in the first, second and third seasons. He is played by starring cast member Iain Glen, and debuts in the series premiere. Ser Jorah is an exiled Northern lord living in Essos. He has sworn fealty to his fellow exile Daenerys Targaryen and helps her adapt to life as a Khaleesi of the Dothraki.
Originally, Jorah was acting as a spy for Varys, King Robert's spymaster in King's Landing, sending Varys information about the Targaryen exiles. However, Jorah ultimately came to respect and admire Daenerys, and began serving her in earnest: he has ignored an official letter of royal pardon he received which would allow him to simply leave Daenerys and return home to Westeros, and he even saved her life from an assassination attempt. Jorah has developed strong and unrequited feelings for Daenerys.
BackgroundJorah Mormont is a knight from Westeros, who fled from his homeland and is living in exile in the Free Cities. He is the son of Jeor Mormont, Lord Commander of the Night's Watch. He is the former Lord of Bear Island of House Mormont (a vassal of House Stark), losing his status as a lord for disgracing his House by trying to sell poachers into slavery to pay his debts. Slavery is illegal in the Seven Kingdoms, and poachers are supposed to be handed over to the Night's Watch as punishment. Jorah was trying to raise money to satisfy the expensive tastes of his wife Lynesse Hightower. After Jorah's exile, his wife left him for a richer man.[1]
Mormont earned his knighthood fighting in the Siege of Pyke during the Greyjoy Rebellion.[2]
He is called Jorah the Andal by the Dothraki, as they assume that all people from Westeros are Andals. However, Jorah Mormont is a Northman, descended from the First Men.
Besides the Common Tongue of Westeros, Ser Jorah is fluent in the Dothraki language.
Season 1
Whilst living in Pentos, Ser Jorah Mormont becomes known to Magister Illyrio Mopatis and he is invited to the wedding of Princess Daenerys Targaryen to Khal Drogo of the Dothraki. Jorah's ability to speak the Dothraki language is deemed of value to Daenerys, Drogo and Viserys. Jorah offers his fealty to Viserys, calling him 'the true king', and this is accepted. He also gives Daenerys several books of stories and histories about Westeros, for which Daenerys is thankful. Ser Jorah then accompanies Viserys and Daenerys on their way to Vaes Dothrak.[3]
Whilst traveling to Vaes Dothrak, Ser Jorah tells Viserys that he lost his home because he sold some poachers to slavers (which is illegal in the Seven Kingdoms). Eddard Stark wanted to execute him for breaking the law. He fled instead. Viserys dismisses this as foolishness, saying such things will be tolerated under his rule. Mormont is less certain that this will happen.[4]
Ser Jorah is impressed by Daenerys's growing ability to command. When Viserys tries to hit Daenerys, she orders his horse taken so he has to walk, a disgrace for a Dothraki. Viserys orders Ser Jorah to kill Daenerys' men, a suicidal order that Jorah pointedly ignores. From this point on he is under Daenerys's command. Jorah talks to Daenerys's bodyguard Rakharo and helps him learn some Westerosi words to better serve her. Jorah and Rakharo also swap their opinions on the value of swords and armors versus the arakh and some personal information: Jorah states that his father is a man of great honor and integrity, and that Jorah's disgrace betrayed him. When Jorah learns that Daenerys is pregnant, he orders a goat slaughtered and prepared as a meal to celebrate and rides to the nearby Free City of Qohor.[5] It is later revealed that he sent information to Lord Varys in King's Landing about Daenerys's pregnancy.[6]
Arriving at Vaes Dothrak, Daenerys asks Jorah if he thinks the Dothraki could retake the Seven Kingdoms for her House. Mormont points out the difficulties of persuading them to cross the Narrow Sea, but believes success possible if that could be accomplished and if King Robert was foolish enough to meet them in open battle. He says that if their opponents retreated behind stone walls, the Dothraki would not be able to root them out. They move to discussing Jorah's background and he admits to selling the poachers as slaves to raise money for his expensive wife. When Daenerys asks him where his wife is, Jorah replies that she is with another man in another place.[7]
In King's Landing, Eddard Stark learns that Jorah Mormont is Varys's agent and spy in Daenerys's retinue. He puts little faith in Jorah's information that Daenerys is pregnant, considering him a traitor who will say anything for a royal pardon. However, King Robert and his council are adamant that his information can be relied on and order the assassination of Daenerys.[8]
Jorah translates for the benefit of Viserys during the ceremony where Daenerys eats a stallion's heart so that the Dosh khaleen can prophesize about her baby. Viserys thinks it is digusting, but when he realizes that the Dothraki love Daenerys he slips away, Jorah follows and finds him trying to steal Daenerys's three dragon eggs. He is tired of waiting, and he wants to sell the eggs to buy an army. Viserys accuses Jorah of having desires for his sister, but Jorah still stops him from leaving, using a variation of the motto of his house, "Yet here I stand." Viserys backs down and leaves without the eggs. Later, when Viserys threatens Daenerys, Jorah tries to stop him as drawing blood in the sacred city is punishable by death. When Drogo executes Viserys with a pot of molten gold, he urges Daenerys to look away, but she refuses.[9]
Jorah accompanies Daenerys and her handmaidens to the market. He receives a message from a lad (one of Varys' informers that he calls his Little Birds), who says "the Spider sends his regards", and hands him a parchment which he says is his pardon and he can go home now. Ser Jorah clutches it and looks at it with longing, but realizes it means that if they don't need anyone to spy on Daenerys anymore, she is likely in danger. He goes back to the market and seeing a wineseller is trying to give Daenerys a cask as a gift, he intervenes and prevents the assassination as the wine is poisoned, thus saving Daenerys. Drogo rewards his loyalty with a fine horse before vowing to invade and seize the Seven Kingdoms in vengeance.[10]
Ser Jorah accompanies Daenerys as the khalasar raids the lands of Lhazar. When Daenerys orders that Dothraki warriors are to be prevented from raping the local women, Ser Jorah helps carry out the order, upsetting the Dothraki. He witnesses the fight between Drogo and Mago, Drogo wins but takes a small wound.[11]
As Drogo's condition worsens, Ser Jorah fears for the chaos that will be unleashed if he dies. Daenerys is shocked to learn that her unborn son will be killed in the resulting power struggle as different bloodriders fight to succeed Drogo. Jorah suggests they leave quietly and try to get to Asshai, where there is a port, but Daenerys refuses. She begs the Lhazareen witch, Mirri Maz Duur, to help Drogo with blood magic and tells Ser Jorah that he should put on his armor. When Drogo's bloodrider Qotho tries to halt the ceremony, Ser Jorah stops him with his sword. They fight and the younger Dothraki swiftly gains the upper hand through his superior agility, but his arakh is unable to penetrate Jorah's heavy armor, allowing Jorah to kill him. Daenerys goes into labor and the midwives are too afraid to help her (thinking she is cursed because of the maegi), Jorah takes her into Drogo's tent to seek Duur's aid.[12]
Jorah is with Daenerys when she wakes the next morning. He tells her to rest, but she insists on being taken to Drogo and her child. She learns that her son was stillborn, badly malformed, and that Drogo is alive but comatose, while the khalasar has scattered to the winds. Duur admits that she orchestrated Drogo's condition and the death of Daenerys's son as vengeance for the destruction of her village. Daenerys ends Drogo's suffering by smothering him with a pillow. She builds a funeral pyre for Drogo, burns Duur alive and puts her dragon eggs in the flames. Ser Jorah tries and fails to stop Daenerys burning the dragons eggs as they can be sold to buy her a life of travel to exotic places. He tells her he knows she is planning on stepping onto the pyre as well and says she must not. She strokes his cheek and gives a speech to her people saying that they may go, but if they stay she will lead them to a great destiny.
Jorah and Daenerys's remaining khalasar stand vigil all night until the fire finally burns out. In the ashes they find Daenerys unhurt with three newly-hatched dragons. A stunned Jorah drops to his knees and proclaims Daenerys his queen and liege, using the Dothraki declaration of undying loyalty, "Blood of my blood."[13]
Season 2
- Main: Jorah Mormont Season 2
Ser Jorah crosses the Red Waste with Daenerys and her khalassar. After Dany's mare, Drogo's first gift to her, dies of exhaustion, she wonders where should they go and what can she do against starvation. Jorah reminds her that returning either to Lhazar or to the Dothraki sea would mean their death and the loss of her dragons at the hands of either the Lhazareen or another khalassar. He also reminds her that she must remain strong for her people's sake. She tells him that he is her strength and then sends her bloodriders to scout ahead on their three remaining horses.[14]
The khalasar sit amidst the heat as they wait for the scouts. Jorah notices a horse approaching and rouses Daenerys. The mount is riderless and covered in bright red war paint. Jorah notices blood dripping from a saddlebag and opens it to find the head of Rakharo and his severed braid inside. Jorah warns Daenerys not to look, but she insists. She asks Jorah who killed Rakharo and he speculates it might have been another khalasar, possibly Khal Pono or Khal Jhaqo, who are opposed to a woman leading a khalasar. Daenerys vows that they will like it less when she is done with them.[15]
Kovarro returns to the camp. Daenerys notices that he has changed mounts and he reveals that he was given a new horse by the Thirteen, the elders of Qarth. He reports that on hearing of her dragons the Thirteen have invited Daenerys to the city. Daenerys asks Jorah what he knows of Qarth and he tells her that the desert around it is known as the Garden of Bones because it is littered with the remains of travellers who have been refused entry to the city.[16]
Jorah and the rest of the khalasar reach Qarth. The khalasar is met by the Thirteen with distrust and are denied entry, to which Daenerys reacts in anger, despite Jorah's warning her to be careful. Nevertheless, Xaro Xhoan Daxos, one of the Thirteen, intervenes on behalf of Daenerys and her people, who are admitted into the city.[16]
Xaro holds a reception for Daenerys and her people in the gardens of his home. Jorah prevents the dothraki from stealing from their host. Daenerys and Jorah are perturbed by the tricks of the warlock Pyat Pree, who invites Daenerys to visit the House of the Undying. The masked woman Quaithe delivers an enigmatic warning to Jorah about Daenerys's need for protection from those who lust after her dragons. Xaro offers to fund Daenerys's invasion of Westeros in exchange for her hand in marriage. Later, she seeks Jorah's advice about the proposal and he cautions against accepting financial aid. He suggests that she will be able to win her throne should she reach Westeros with just a single ship. He reveals his depth of feeling for her and while she accepts his counsel she does not reciprocate.[17]
While Jorah is away seeking a ship Daenerys appeals to members of the Thirteen for aid. She is refuted and returns to Xaro's home to find that Irri and several of her guards have been murdered and the dragons stolen.[18] Jorah rushes back to her when he hears the news and she asks him to help find them. He speaks with Quaithe, who warns him that Daenerys is with the thief. He finds her being confronted by Pyat Pree who has taken the dragons to the House of the Undying. Jorah tries to kill him but only succeeds in dispelling one of his many magical copies. Xaro has proclaimed himself king of Qarth and worked with Pree to steal the dragons.[19] Jorah finds Daenerys refuge in a disused square. He counsels fleeing the city on the ship that he has found but Daenerys insists on reclaiming her dragons, saying that they are her children. She reminds Jorah that she has magic of her own and he agrees to help her despite knowing they will be walking into a trap.[20]
They are separated on arriving at the tower. Daenerys is able to hear a distraught Jorah calling for her outside. Daenerys overcomes the warlock's spells and reunites with her dragons. Once they are together she commands them to breathe flame at the sorceror, killing him and allowing them to escape. They return to Xaro's home to confront him for his treachery and find him in bed with Doreah. They go to his vault, which proves to be empty, and lock Xaro and Doreah inside to die. Following Daenerys' wishes, Jorah orders the members of the khalasar to take all the gold and jewels of Xaro's manse.[21]
Season 3
Jorah is on Daenerys' ship that sailed from Qarth to Astapor. He is also with her when Kraznys mo Nakloz demonstrates the level of obedience of his Unsullied soldiers by slicing off one of their nipples and urges her to purchase them. During the conversation, Daenerys finds herself distracted by a young girl playing with a ball. A cloaked stranger appears from behind them to knock the ball out of her hands and Jorah engages himself in a struggle with him. The ball hits the floor and cracks open to reveal a manticore which the stranger promptly stabs with his dagger. When he removes his hood, Jorah recognizes him as Ser Barristan Selmy.[22]
Jorah is next seen on the Walk of Punishment with Daenerys and Ser Barristan. Him and Ser Barristan have opposing views on the nature of the Unsullied, with Barristan advising her that no honour will be won by fighting with an army that is paid to fight for her while Jorah counters him by telling her that honour doesn't win battles and that the Unsullied pose a moral advantage in that they will only kill exactly who she wants dead unlike a regular army who would rape, torture and kill several innocent people. Daenerys eventually decides to offer one of her dragons to Krazyns in return for all 8,000 of his Unsullied, a deal that Jorah and Barristan both strongly advise her against. Nevertheless, Daenerys stands her ground and scolds her two advisors about contradicting her in public.[23]
Jorah is present at the Sack of Astapor where Daenerys manages to win both the army and their trust in her as a queen and not as a mistress, effectively getting the best out of both Jorah and Barristan's prior arguments.[24]
On the road north to Yunkai, Jorah reminisces to Barristan about the day he got knighted by King Robert for his part in the Siege of Pyke in the Greyjoy Rebellion but could only think about how badly he needed to piss after being sealed in armour for sixteen hours straight. Barristan then starts to prod Jorah about his past when he sold a number of poachers to slavers and warns him that his presence alongside Daenerys may taint the people's reception of her. Jorah then questions Barristan about the advisors on King Robert's Small Council, subtly trying to figure out whether he was aware of his original position as a spy for Varys. However, Barristan explains that his former position as a former Kingsguard member under Aerys Targaryen Him and Barristan briefly bicker about the fact that Barristan only just came to them, while Jorah was defending Daenerys from Robert Baratheon's assassins for months, and Jorah tells Barristan that he isn't Lord Commander here and that he only takes orders from Daenerys.[25]
Upon arriving at Yunkai's gates, Jorah is dismissive of Daenerys and Barristan's claims that its reputation for training bed slaves rather than soldiers will give them a clear advantage and explains that Yunkai will in all likelihood just shut its gates and chip away at Daenerys' army using guerilla tactics. He also advises Dany that conquering Yunkai is irrelevant in their quest to return to Westeros but she is adamant on freeing the hundreds of thousands of slaves within the city walls.[26]
Jorah is present in Daenerys' tent when the Yunkish slave-trader Razdal mo Eraz arrives bearing gifts. Following her orders he spies on the mercenary group, the Second Sons, and is again present in her tent when she is hosting the two mercenary captain Mero and Prendahl na Ghezn, and their lieutenant Daario Naharis. Mero is sexually vulgar towards Daenerys which prompts Ser Jorah to threaten him to "mind his tongue".[27]
With Daario's help, Jorah and Grey Worm enter Yunkai from one of its posterior tunnels and the three of them successfully fight off a number of guards and open the gates of Yunkai from the inside, allowing the Unsullied to sweep in and win the city for Daenerys. Jorah though is noticably distraught when all of Daenerys' post-victory attention is centred on Daario Naharis.[28]
Jorah, along with Ser Barristan, Daario and Missandei, is also present when Daenerys is greeted with open arms by the newly freed slaves of Yunkai.[29]
|Season One appearances
|Winter is Coming
|The Kingsroad
|Lord Snow
|Cripples, Bastards and Broken Things
|The Wolf and the Lion
|A Golden Crown
|You Win or You Die
|The Pointy End
|Fire and Blood
|Season Two appearances
|The North Remembers
|The Night Lands
|What is Dead May Never Die
|Garden of Bones
|The Ghost of Harrenhal
|The Old Gods and the New
|A Man Without Honor
|The Prince of Winterfell
|Valar Morghulis
|Season Three appearances
|Valar Dohaeris
|Dark Wings, Dark Words
|Walk of Punishment
|And Now His Watch is Ended
|Kissed by Fire
|The Climb
|The Bear and the Maiden Fair
|Second Sons
|The Rains of Castamere
Family tree
|Jeor Mormont
Night's Watch
|Maege Mormont
Possibly deceased
Lord Mormont
|Lynesse Mormont
née Hightower
|Lyanna Mormont
Image gallery
- "You have a gentle heart. There are times when I look at you and I still can't believe you are real."
- ―Jorah Mormont to Daenerys Targaryen
- "No-one can survive in this world without help."
- ―Jorah Mormont to Daenerys Targaryen
Behind the scenes
- On the Season 2 Blu-ray, Jorah narrates a Histories & Lore video on "The Free Cities".
In the books
In the A Song of Ice and Fire novels, Jorah is the son of Lord Jeor Mormont of Bear Island. He won honor in the Greyjoy Rebellion when he was one of the first through the breach during the storming of Pyke. For his valor, he won praise from King Robert Baratheon and a knighthood. With a strong, vigorous son ready to take over the lordship, Jeor decided to join the Night's Watch, where he rapidly rose to the rank of Lord Commander; leaving Jorah as Lord of Bear Island.
Jorah married Lynesse Hightower, of the extremely powerful House Hightower of Oldtown, after winning a tournament to celebrate the victory of King Robert against the Greyjoy Rebellion in which Jorah wore Lynesse's favor. Lynesse was used to the riches and luxury of the second-largest city in Westeros, and found Bear Island primitive and rude. Jorah's attempts to please his wife led to him spending all of his money. He disgraced himself through behavior unbefitting a lord, by arresting poachers and selling them to slavers. Slavery is illegal in the Seven Kingdoms and has been for millennia. When Eddard Stark came to arrest Jorah, he and Lynesse fled across the Narrow Sea to the Free City of Lys, leaving his aunt Maege to become the ruling Lady of Bear Island. Jorah attempted to make his living as a sellsword, but was unable to provide an income acceptable to Lynesse. She left him and became a concubine to the merchant lord Tregar Oromollen.
He is described as balding and hairy but still fit, though "not a handsome man".
According to the TV series official pronunciation guide developed for the cast and crew, "Jorah Mormont" is pronounced "JOR-uh MORE-mont".
See also
- Jorah Mormont at A Wiki of Ice and Fire (major spoilers from the books)
- ↑ HBO viewers guide, season 2 guide to houses, House Targaryen - Jorah Mormont entry
- ↑ HBO viewers guide, season 2 special features, Battleground Westeros - Siege of Pyke enty
- ↑ "Winter is Coming"
- ↑ "The Kingsroad"
- ↑ "Lord Snow"
- ↑ "The Wolf and the Lion"
- ↑ "Cripples, Bastards and Broken Things"
- ↑ "The Wolf and the Lion"
- ↑ "A Golden Crown"
- ↑ "You Win or You Die"
- ↑ The Pointy End
- ↑ "Baelor"
- ↑ "Fire and Blood"
- ↑ "The North Remembers"
- ↑ "The Night Lands"
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Garden of Bones"
- ↑ "The Ghost of Harrenhal"
- ↑ "The Old Gods and the New"
- ↑ "A Man Without Honor"
- ↑ "The Prince of Winterfell"
- ↑ "Valar Morghulis"
- ↑ "Valar Dohaeris"
- ↑ "Walk of Punishment"
- ↑ "And Now His Watch is Ended"
- ↑ "Kissed by Fire"
- ↑ "The Bear and the Maiden Fair"
- ↑ "Second Sons
- ↑ "The Rains of Castamere
- ↑ "Mhysa
|Lady Lyanna Mormont
|Bear Island
|The North
|Lord of Bear Island
|Current members:
|Jorah Mormont · Lynesse Mormont
|Deceased members:
|Jeor Mormont · Maege Mormont
|House Stark