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Ted Kelly was no stranger to the inside of a police station or the Crown Court dock. He had had many brushes with the law but being charged with financial crime was a new experience.
Ted's home had been searched by the police more than once in the course of an investigation into serious crimes and the police had found documents concerning a buy-to-let property which Ted owned. A search at the English Land Registry turned up a mortgage from Borset Building Society and enquiries there revealed the mortgage application had been submitted online by a mortgage broker, Adrian Broke.
The mortgage application indicated that Ted was a self-employed joiner, trading as Kelly's Joinery Services. Attached to the application were two years accounts for the business, prepared by Peter Addit & Co – members of a leading professional body of accountants, and signed both by Mr Addit and by Ted.
Ted's self-employment came as a surprise to the police (who understood him to make his living from less legitimate activities) and, sure enough, a check with HM Revenue & Customs revealed that they had no knowledge of Ted's self employment either.
"Gotcha!" said DC Lund to himself. To assemble his case DC Lund interviewed Adrian Broke and Peter Addit concerning their dealings with Ted. They confirmed that Ted had approached Mr Addit in June 2008 to have accounts prepared – just a simple Profit & Loss Account. Mr Addit had not been instructed to do any tax work for Ted. He assumed Ted wanted the accounts for his bank or was dealing with his tax himself. Ted produced his passport and driving licence (which Mr Addit photocopied) and had handed Mr Addit a list of work done and expenses from which Mr Addit had prepared the P & L account. The fee was less than £200.
The following year Ted had returned with a similar schedule and Mr Addit had produced the 2009 accounts for him then and there, for a similar fee. The net profit each year shown on the accounts was in the region of £40,000. At the June 2009 meeting there had been some discussion of a property purchase and Mr Addit had recommended the services of Mr Broke the mortgage broker (who was also a client of his).
Mr Broke confirmed that in July 2009 Ted had contacted him about obtaining a mortgage to buy a home for himself. He had produced his passport and driving licence (which Mr Broke photocopied) and two years accounts prepared by Mr Addit. Mr Broke had carried out a fact find and then recommended a mortgage from Borset Building Society and some life and critical illness policies as well as property and contents insurance. Ted had accepted these recommendations and Mr Broke had completed the mortgage application online based on the information and accounts Ted had provided.
Armed with these facts DC Lund arrested Ted, interviewed him, and then charged him with fraud by false representation in that he had dishonestly made a false representation to Adrian Broke that the accounts were true, with the intention of obtaining the mortgage advance, contrary to s2 Fraud Act 2006.
But Ted's version of events was very different. He said he had never met Mr Addit, had never instructed him to prepare any accounts, and had never been self employed as a joiner. He had been wanting to buy a property to let out and his cousin had recommended the mortgage broker Mr Broke. Ted went to see Mr Broke. Although Ted had no regular employment Mr Broke had assured him this would be no problem. All that would be needed would be his passport and driving licence. Ted took these to a second meeting with Mr Broke who asked him to sign numerous documents – all of which he signed, without reading, where Mr Broke pointed. Mr Broke also took photocopies of his passport and driving licence.
Shortly afterwards the mortgage came through and Ted was able to purchase the property and let it out to tenants. The rental income more than covered the mortgage payments (which he always paid on time). Ted also found he was paying for some insurances by direct debit, and he cancelled those.
When the matter came to court DC Lund, Mr Broke and Mr Addit were called by the prosecution and gave evidence.
Under cross-examination Mr Broke confirmed that Mr Addit was his accountant, that he and Mr Addit referred clients to each other from time to time (but without any referral fee) and that he knew Ted's cousin. He also confirmed that as a result of Ted's property purchase he would receive payments from Borset Building Society, from the conveyancing solicitor whom he had recommended to Ted, and from the insurance companies. Had the mortgage not gone ahead he would have received none of these payments, which he estimated at less than £2,000 in total. But he confirmed the statement he had given to DC Lund.
Mr Addit also confirmed the evidence in the statement he had given DC Lund. But under cross-examination he accepted that he had at first given the police a statement saying Ted had approached him initially for two years accounts to be prepared. That had been based on a mistaken recollection which he had corrected in his second statement. Mr Addit had not asked for, nor seen, any bills or receipts in relation to Ted's self employment. He had relied on the schedule presented to him by Ted. He had returned the schedule to Ted and not kept a copy. Mr Addit had believed the accounts to be true based on the information supplied to him by Ted.
Indeed since Ted was no longer a client his files had been destroyed. Mr Addit had not sent Ted an engagement letter. Mr Addit had recently moved to a new computerised system and had not retained his diaries for 2008 and 2009. He had not contacted HM Revenue & Customs in relation to Ted's self employment as he was not instructed to deal with Ted's tax affairs.
It transpired that Ted had not paid Mr Addit for the preparation of either the 2008 or the 2009 accounts. In fact Mr Addit had not invoiced Ted for these accounts as he expected Ted to pay without an invoice. The only documentary evidence which Mr Addit held in relation to his dealings with Ted was the photocopies he had of Ted's passport and driving licence (the same documents which Mr Broke had copied in July 2009).
He accepted that the date on which the 2008 accounts were shown as having been signed in June 2008 was a Sunday. He said the actual date of signing would be within a day or two of that.
The accounts were not prepared for tax purposes. The word "Allowable" which appeared against certain expense headings was on his standard word processing template for such accounts.
He denied however that he had backdated the accounts, or that he had prepared them on the instructions of Mr Broke rather than Ted, or that Mr Broke had paid him anything in connection with Ted's accounts.
Immediately after Mr Addit had completed his evidence DC Lund asked him if he would still have on his computer system the Microsoft Word files for the 2008 and 2009 accounts. Mr Addit thought he could have and that he would be able to access them there and then using a wifi link from the court building.
When he did so it was discovered that the Word files for both the 2008 and 2009 accounts showed a 'creation date' on the evening before the day on which Mr Broke had filed Ted's online mortgage application in July 2009. The creation dates were approximately two minutes apart. These files also each had a later 'modified date'. In one case the modified date was approximately two hours later the same evening.
DC Lund passed this information to prosecuting counsel, and then it was passed on to defence counsel and the judge.
Mr Addit was recalled to the witness box and questioned about this. He maintained that in fact the accounts had been prepared earlier and that perhaps what was now being seen were Word files for later copies of the accounts. He denied that the later 'modified dates' showed that these were in fact the original working copies of the accounts.
That brought the prosecution case to a close. Whilst the jury were excluded the defence asked the judge to dismiss the case.
The judge agreed that the trial should be halted and Ted should be acquitted. The case against him had become so weak and tenuous that the jury could not possibly find that Ted had dishonestly represented to Mr Broke that the accounts prepared by Mr Addit were true – which was the basis on which Ted had been charged.
So, as things turned out, it was not necessary to hear any evidence from the defence witnesses (including myself). In any event the matters and issues which I had drawn to the attention of the defence team – and which had been set out in an expert witness forensic accountant's report filed at court in advance of the trial – had largely been aired before the court already by defence counsel in his cross-examination of Mr Addit.
N.B. Names and certain other details have been changed to protect client confidentiality.
This just goes to show why people should not reach hasty conclusions or presume guilt in a specific case based on the accused's past.
Will any action be taken against the instigators?
It appears the mortgage broker and the accountant (who are members of a leading professional body of accountants) were in cahoots. Will they be expelled from their professional bodies?
A fascinating tale
Nothing about Mr Addit's account stands up to close scrutiny on the facts presented. If he had created some sort of paper trail to evidence what he had been asked to do then he might have been more credible. Not even invoicing for the work is the weirdest part.
Thanks for sharing this David.
Dates 2 thanks
Interesting ... but I hope courts are not going to make a habit of relying on evidence about creation and modification dates of computer files without hearing expert evidence about what this might mean. The behaviour of computer software in attaching date stamps to files is not necessarily what you might expect. A quick check of a few Microsoft Word files is likely to show some surprising anomalies including files apparently last modified before they were created.
Be vigilant
Always document everything immediately, no matter how pressed for time
Always follow your procedures, no matter how small the fee
Never do 'favours' for anyone in your capacity as a professional, however well you think you know them
Sanity, reputation and livelihood are too precious
I can't imagine the police, courts or HMRC believe accountants guilty of naivety
Perhaps we may consider that should 'Mr Addit' be actually guilty of facilitating fraud he might have had immaculate paperwork?
Sounds like he was either sloppy or a patsy
Crimminals actively search for this type of accountant
Computer file creation & modification dates 1 thanks
The evidence from Mr Addit regarding the computer file creation and modification dates surfaced only following the completion (so we thought) of his evidence and hence this occurred right at the end of the prosecution case.
The prosecuting counsel (in the absence of the jury) invited the judge to give the jury a 'health warning' that these dates might not mean what they could have been thought to mean. The judge refused to do that - on the basis that such a statement would be evidence, indeed it would be expert evidence - and judges do not give evidence in their cases.
If the prosecution wanted the jury to hear about that they should call appropriate expert evidence to that effect, said the judge.
Of course the prosecution did not have a computer expert 'lined up' to give evidence in this case and so they were unable to deal with the point.
It's an example of how things can happen for which no-one is prepared, as a case unfolds in court.
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Things to see and do - Alghero
Leaving for Italy
Alghero :
Unmissable tourist sites
Where to sleep?
Alghero Hotel tips
Villa Las Tronas Hotel & SPA from157 €Book
Hotel Catalunya from81 €Book
Hotel El Balear from65 €Book
Alghero Travel guide
Alghero : Michelin's recommendations
Alghero is a charming little port surrounded by olive groves, eucalyptus trees and umbrella pine, where coral fishing is still part of the local economy. The town is also known as the Sardinian Barcellonetta, after the working-class district of the Catalonian capital, Barcelona. Alghero was conquered in 1354 by the Catalans and adopted the Catalan Gothic style of architecture as well as their language, which is still spoken today.
Tourist attractions Alghero : Things to see and do
Walk along the city walls
I - 07041 Alghero
Between the Torre di Sulis in the south and the Porta a Mare in the north, the ramparts afford a superb panorama over Capo Caccia and the horizon. The fully pedestrianised promenade is particularly pleasant at dusk. At the foot of the ramparts lie th..
Neptune's Grotto (Grotta di Nettuno)
Porto di Alghero banchina Garibaldi I - 07041 Alghero
Discovered in the 16C by fishermen, a 600m circuit of the cave has been open to visitors since 1954. Whatever the season, the temperature remains between 18 and 20°C. The water that penetrates the cavity forms the Lago Lamarmora, which at 100m long i..
Alghero Old Town
I - 07041 Alghero
The fortifications encircle a network of narrow streets. The cathedral has a remarkable doorway and a campanile in the Catalan Gothic style. The 14-15C Church of San Francesco has a Gothic interior and lovely cloisters in golden-coloured tufa. The fi..
Hotels Alghero
Hotel San Francesco
Via Ambrogio Machin 2 I - 07041 Alghero
Prix Prices from : 52 €
Set within a 14th-century cloister in the historical centre of alghero, Hotel San Francesco offers free WiFi and simply furnished en suite rooms. A sweet Italian breakfast is served daily at this hotel. Hotel San Francesco's rooms are air conditione..
Villa Las Tronas Hotel & SPA
Lungomare Valencia 1 I - 07041 Alghero
Villa Las Tronas Hotel & SPA features an outdoor pool with panoramic views over the Gulf of Alghero. Ten minutes' walk from Alghero centre, it offers free Wi-Fi and free parking. A former royal retreat, the Villa Las Tronas offers luxurious rooms eq..
Hotel Angedras
Via Frank 2 I - 07041 Alghero
Prix Prices from : 44 €
Situated in a quiet part of Alghero, 800 metres from the historic centre, Angedras is a spacious hotel. It offers free Wi-Fi, and a panoramic terrace and on-site bike rental service. Decorated with Sardinian-style furnishings, all rooms are air cond..
Restaurants Alghero
Villa Mosca
via Antonio Gramsci 17 I - 07041 Alghero
Al Tuguri
via Maiorca 113/115 I - 07041 ALGHERO
This place has a nice, typical interior with small, closely placed tables, in an old house in the center of town, only a short walk from the bastions. Open grill mainly used for cooking fish.
El Faro
località Porto Conte I - 07041 ALGHERO
Villa Las Tronas
lungomare Valencia 1 I - 07041 ALGHERO
O - MasterChef O' Neill
via Sant Erasmo 14 I - 07041 Alghero
This restaurant in the heart of the historic centre offers attractive outdoor tables overlooking the port. The varied menu includes pizzas, as well as a range of creative, contemporary-style dishes.

subset: commoncrawl


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Tips for Exercising Safely When You Have Diabetes
Topic Overview
You can safely exercise when you have diabetes. Here are some tips.
Before starting an exercise program
- Talk to your doctor about how and when to exercise. You may need to have a medical exam and tests (such as a treadmill test) before you begin. Also, some types of exercise can be harmful if you have complications from diabetes. Your doctor can tell you whether you need to avoid certain kinds of exercise.
- Choose a type of exercise that you like and that fits easily into your daily schedule. If you choose something you like, you will be more willing to continue the program. Try to include exercises that will work your heart and lungs and give you healthy muscles.
- Plan to exercise at about the same time and for the same length of time each day to help keep your blood sugar levels in the same range. If you want to increase your exercise, increase the intensity or the duration in small amounts.
- Have someone with you when you exercise, if possible. You may need help if your blood sugar level drops below a target range. And having a buddy can motivate you to keep going.
Starting a program
Start slowly so that you don't overdo it. Build up your exercise program bit by bit, and aim for at least 2½ hours a week of moderate activity. Or try to do vigorous activity for at least 1¼ hours a week.1 It's fine to be active in blocks of 10 minutes or more throughout your day and week.
If you take insulin or other medicine for diabetes:
- Exercise changes the amount of glucose in your body. During vigorous exercise, the liver releases more stored glucose into the bloodstream. This raises blood sugar. When blood sugar is too high, it can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis. This can happen when you are very dehydrated. If you have Type 1 diabetes, make sure that your blood sugar is not too high before you begin to exercise:
- If your blood sugar is high (for example, over 300 mg/dL) and you have ketones, do not exercise.
- If your blood sugar is high (for example, over 300 mg/dL) and you do not have ketones, exercise with caution.
- Watch for signs of low blood sugar.
- Avoid exercise when your blood sugar is too low (less than 70 mg/dL).
- If your blood sugar is less than 100 mg/dL before you start exercising, eat a carbohydrate snack. This applies only to people who take insulin or medicine that lowers blood sugar. If your diabetes is controlled by diet and/or medicine that does not lower your blood sugar, you will not need to take a snack before exercising.
- Have some type of quick-sugar food with you when you exercise. You may have symptoms of low blood sugar while you exercise or up to 24 hours after you stop.
- Check with your doctor if you have been gradually increasing your exercise and have felt the symptoms of low blood sugar more than 2 or 3 times in one week. Your dose of medicine or insulin may need to be changed.
During exercise
- If you tend to get low blood sugar, exercise only after you have checked your blood sugar level.
- Wear shoes that fit well and polyester or blend (cotton-polyester) socks to keep your feet comfortable and to prevent blisters. Use silica gel or air midsoles in your shoes.
- Drink plenty of water before, during, and after you are active. This is very important when it's hot out and when you do intense exercise.
- Wear medical identification at all times. You can get medical identification, such as a bracelet, from a pharmacy or on the Internet.
- Carry a quick-sugar food with you while you exercise.
After exercise
Exercise can lower your blood sugar hours later. Test your blood sugar and have a plan for treating low blood sugar.
Adrenaline released with short bouts of vigorous exercise can cause high blood sugar. Combining short bursts of vigorous activity with longer moderate-intensive exercises can help prevent this problem.
For more information, see the topic Fitness: Getting and Staying Active.
Related Information
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2008). 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (ODPHP Publication No. U0036). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Available online: http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/guidelines/default.aspx.
Other Works Consulted
- Colberg SR, et al. (2010). Exercise and type 2 diabetes: The American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: Joint position statement. Diabetes Care, 33(12): e147–e167.
|Healthwise Staff
|Primary Medical Reviewer
|E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine
|Specialist Medical Reviewer
|Rhonda O'Brien, MS, RD, CDE - Certified Diabetes Educator
|Last Revised
|August 15, 2013
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Last Revised: August 15, 2013
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
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So I'm talking to you guys a little after my trip from New York to London to share my experience during London Fashion Week with the TONI&GUY Hair Meet Wardrobe team.
As a newbie to the beautiful city of London, I didn't know what to expect especially when it came down to what I should wear or how I should do my hair. I decided to check out the scene and vibe the first day and thought I would go from there. Being that my style is already super laid-back as it is, I wanted to style my hair according to my wardrobe choices and the event I was attending that day. For me, it's important to really think about every aspect of getting ready. From the styling of my hair down to the shoes to makeup and the little details like accessories/bag because every little detail counts.
I try to keep things rather simple even if it's just my hair. I like for my hair to match my style that I'm portraying that day! So for example, during LFW I wore a messy fishtail braid (extra texture thanks to the Sea Salt Texturising Spray from the Casual Collection!) and paired it with a pretty pair of shiny chandelier earrings to glam up a silver tailored blazer I wore with leather skinnies and boots which gave off a cool feminine glam look! On another day, I waved out my hair more than the usual and added the TONI&GUY Sculpting Powder from the Casual Collection to help add extra volume & texture. This loose wave look is the best look to style your hair when you want to wear a beanie… so I threw one on to match my casual hipster look for that day!
Working with the TONI&GUY Hair Meet Wardrobe team made me realize how important the philosophy of Hair Meet Wardrobe is. Hair has always been a huge part of my look but after being in New York and London for Fashion Week, I realized how key having your hair styled according to your look is… I think it's not just about what you wear but how you wear it. It's not about what you do to your hair, it's about the confidence it gives you. I think you should be able to tell a story with your overall look and hair definitely has a big say in the story you want your audience to read. Since TONI&GUY Hair Meet Wardrobe has 4 fashion-inspired hair styling product collections – Casual, Classic, Glamour and Creative, you can style your hair to go with whatever you are wearing. Like I always say, you hair is your biggest accessory so why not use it to help complement your wardrobe?
After my first day in London, I realized that the style there was impeccable. There was something really special about how the people in London dressed and carried themselves that I found so endearing! It has been the best street style I've seen anywhere by far. I saw different trends on hair styles & haircuts in London that went so seamlessly with what they were wearing from boho-grunge, to classic preppy and even glam rock, there was a little bit of everything! I left feeling like chopping off my hair because I saw so many girls rocking short hair dos! Ah! Perhaps that's my next haircut? I definitely tried to bring a little bit of their swag down with me…needless to say, I left inspired.
Next time you're putting your outfit together, make sure to think about how to style up your hair too because it's definitely dressing from the head down kind of situation! Have fun with it!
Take a look at some of the looks I rocked from my hair down to what I wore to a little diary of London! Be sure to follow TONI&GUY on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram and you can shop the TONI&GUY Hair Meet Wardrobe products now at Target stores.
I kept seeing braids every where in London- especially on the catwalks during LFW.
My waved out hair I was talking about ealier; I was having such a good hair day this day because usually my waves don't have this much volume! wearing: Current/Elliot plaid shirt, Joie jacket and Raen shades
A wall full of beautiful framed art – at the brand new London Edition hotel we stayed in.
My glam-cool look that I wore to the Matthew Williamson runway show! (wearing: Paul & Joe Sister blazer, J Brand Nicola moto jeans, A.Wang tee)
My messy fishtail braid that paired beautifully with these chandelier earrings! Glam-cool!
The amazing ceiling at our hotel; probably one of the most prettiest hotels I've been to!
Ran into the lovely Tamu from All The Pretty Birds at the Dover Street market. We were both contributors for Glamour's Young & Posh's network! She's so sweetest and super stylish- loved her sleek, side parted hair!
It was definitely beanie weather in London; but I definitely used my favorite hair products (Sea Salt Texturising Spray to get these texturized waves! )
My first tea experience in London! It was priceless!
Close-up shot of my braid- it's been my favorite hairstyle to do when I don't know what else to do with it! So easy and looks so pretty!
Rocked this pretty cat beanie from the ASOS showroom while I visited their headquarters! Wearing: HIDE jacket, Loeffler Randall bag
Gorgeous view from above the London Eye! See you next time London!


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Childhood Poverty, Government Failures, and the Need for Economic Liberty
Recorded: Thursday, April 30, 2015
Senior Vice President Mary Theroux is interviewed on radio station KOGO in San Diego to talk about the latest on California's Maximum Family Grant rule for families on welfare. She discusses the underlying reasons why children are born into poverty and the difficulty of breaking the cycle of poverty.
Experts: Mary L. G. TherouxType: RadioIssues: Bureaucracy and Government, Business, Culture/ Society, Economic Policy, Education, Family, Labor and Employment, Politics, Privatization, Race Issues, Regulation and Deregulation, Urban Issues, Welfare, Womens Issues
Should CA Welfare Recipients Receive Increased Benefits When They Have More Children?
Recorded: Monday, February 23, 2015
Independent Institute Senior Vice President Mary L. G. Theroux joins the discussion on the Gil Gross radio on Talk910 in San Francisco.
Experts: Mary L. G. TherouxType: RadioIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Crime, Culture/ Society, Education, Family, Labor and Employment, Taxes, Urban Issues, Welfare, Womens Issues
Mary L.G. Theroux on KPCC on Repeal of the "Maximum Family Grant" Welfare Rule
Recorded: Monday, February 23, 2015
Independent Institute Senior Vice President Mary L. G. Theroux was a guest on KPCC radio to discuss California's effort to repeal the "maximum family grant" rule for welfare recipients with children. Families that have more children while on welfare do not receive an increase in their grant. This could be reversed by a new law proposed by Calif. State Senator Holly Mitchell, who was also a guest on the show.
Experts: Mary L. G. TherouxType: RadioIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Crime, Culture/ Society, Education, Family, Labor and Employment, Public Health/ Consumer Protection, Regulation and Deregulation, Taxes, Welfare, Womens Issues
How Rising College Costs Hurt Families and Society
Recorded: Monday, December 24, 2012
Research Fellow Vicki Alger discusses the increasing debt burden of student loans and the state of college finances in an interview with Joy Pullman on Heartland.
Experts: Vicki E. AlgerType: RadioIssues: Culture/ Society, Economic Policy, Education, Labor and Employment
Alex Tabarrok: Launching the Innovation Renaissance
Recorded: Friday, December 9, 2011
C-FIRE Deputy Director R.J. Lehmann interviews Independent Institute Research Director Alexander T. Tabarrok about his new book, Launching the Innovation Renaissance: A New Path to Bring Smart Ideas to Market Fast.
Experts: Alexander T. TabarrokType: RadioIssues: Economic History and Development (International), Economic History and Development (U.S.), Education, Free Market Economics, Litigation, Privatization, Property Rights


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A very interesting development has in the past few years been playing out in the National Assembly in Dodoma, perhaps without the notice of many people.
Through the formation of special oversight committees, the National Assembly has slowly, but steadily, been transforming itself into a major player in ensuring accountability by the government.
While this development is quite commendable on the one hand, on the other hand it has raised questions over the continued existence of other equally important institutions which are entrusted with fighting crime in the country.
Institutions which immediately spring to mind here include the police force and, in particular, its investigative arm - the Directorate of Criminal Investigation - the Tanzania Intelligence and Security Services (TISS) and the Prevention and Combating of Corruption Bureau (PCCB).
In a nutshell, problems which are repeatedly raised by parliamentary oversight committees, most of which have lately bordered on the criminal, have always left the nation reeling with utter shock.
The impression that one discerns from the public is that they have heard about the existence of such criminal acts perpetrated by government leaders and employees for the first time.
In other words, gone are the days when the police would come up with a hard-hitting statement to the effect that they are holding a number of suspects in connection with economic sabotage or for selling government secrets to the enemy.
The days when the government would come up with a shocking revelation over this or that criminal activity perpetrated against it or the nation at large have long been a thing of the past, so much so that we are no longer sure what TISS, for instance, is supposed to do.
The latter question is very pertinent because most issues which have been raised by the three parliamentary oversight committees relating to Air Tanzania Company Limited (ATCL) or Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS) are supposed to have not only been known to the government, but the government should have long dealt with the culprits.
For instance, in the ATCL case, the National Assembly was told by one of the parliamentary oversight committees that a contract entered into in respect of hiring an Airbus 340 plane would cost the country 300bn/- (200m US dollars) - an amount which could have given Tanzania two brand new Airbus 340 planes!
The pertinent question here is: where was the government when unscrupulous people in ATCL involved the nation in the disastrous contract which has all the tell-tale signs of corruption?
Where was TISS, which is supposed to have both internal and external personnel for making close follow-ups, especially in the way public institutions are run? Where was PCCB or the DCI's office for that matter? Should the public believe that there was not even a single whistleblower in ATCL or TBS who could have tipped any of the security organs?
Or should the public go with the general argument that it was in fact one of the state security organs which leaked the information after discovering that the powers that be were not taking action even after being told about the rot in the said public institutions?
When one challenges some members of the country's security organs on whether or not they were aware of what was being rumoured to be taking place in some public institutions, their answer is always, 'We are quite aware of that…we have informed the powers that be and our mandate ends there - that of giving out information, but not forcing one to act.'
This leads us to the second very important question: what should such security organs do to the powers that be in order to be taken seriously on what they report on the rot in the country's public and other sensitive institutions?
If the powers that be do not act even after being authoritatively informed by their own security organs, some of which have lately acquired imposing and very expensive headquarters in Dar es Salaam, is there any sense in maintaining them?
If the powers that be only act when and until parliamentary oversight committees have exposed the rot, are the powers that be mindful of the hard earned taxpayers' money that are spent on the parliamentary oversight committees in the quest for such crucial information?
Going by the debate in the National Assembly after the submission of the three reports by the parliamentary oversight committees this week, the MPs called on at least five ministers to resign, or less they would force hapless Prime Minister Mizengo Pinda to resign.
Should the five ministers remain put, as is always the case with senior government officials in this country, and President Jakaya Kikwete, currently out of the country, does not force them out, what will happen next?.
The point is, if the ministers or the president fail to act, then the president will have late to reconstitute a new government with the appointment of another prime minister as head of the new government. And if that happened this would be the second time in the president's tenure to be forced to dissolve the government and appoint a new one, complete with a new prime minister.
The first time the president did this was in March 2008 when Prime Minister Edward Lowassa was forced to resign after a parliamentary probe committee led by Kyela MP Dr Harrison Mwakyembe linked him to what has come to be infamously referred to as the Richmond scandal.
Some of the economic consequences that the nation would have to bear should the pm be kicked out by the House will be more terminal benefits for a 'new' former prime minister.
It was being mindful of that that third phase President Benjamin Mkapa maintained Primier Frederick Sumaye during his two, five-year terms from 1995 to 2005.
Mkapa has come under numerous scathing attacks over the handling of his administration, but one area he has received kudos from the public has been his sterling role of managing the economy. However, if the president decides that he cannot be pushed around, then come Monday he may be forced to form a new government.
Only very recently he said he did not see anything wrong with his minister for Health and Social Welfare. What about the conduct of four other ministers whose hands are alleged to have been found in the till?
One of the ruling party's own MPs says that 19 ministers must go while others say at least five should do so, and that excludes those who refused to go in other serious incidents, including two bomb explosion incidents at army camps in Dar es Salaam's Mbagala and Gongo la Mboto suburbs.


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A handgunFirearm that is held in the hunter's hands (not braced against the shoulder) when fired. is a very effective and challenging firearm to use for hunting. Though they have similar parts to rifles, handguns have a much shorter barrelTube-shaped part of a firearm through which ammunition is shot, which makes proper shot placementThe act of successfully and consistently getting a shot to hit an intended target. much more difficult. This calls for added patience when using this firearm for hunting. The shorter barrel also calls for added caution - always be sure the muzzleThe opening in a barrel where ammunition exits after being fired. is pointed in a safe direction!
Like rifles, handguns are available in different actionConsists of a series of parts that load, fire and eject a cartridge or shot shell from a firearm. types. In this chapter we will explore the more popular handgun actions. Before heading out into the field with your firearm, be sure you check local regulationsSet of rules that are easily amended(example - Hunter Orange Requirements, Hunting Seasons). on the use of handguns for hunting.


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May 4, 2016
D.H. Conley sophomore guard Madison Maloney is our newest WITN Pepsi Player Of The Week.
Maloney is balancing three sports a year, including basketball with her rigorous academic classes. She currently sports a 4.66 GPA and is consistently near the top of her class.
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Maloney doesn't have a lot of room to slack off on the court: her dad Rob is the varsity boys coach at Conley. With straight A's in the classroom and a drive to continually get better, Madison Maloney more than fits the bill of a WITN Pepsi Player Of The Week.
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"Nightmare Travel Ahead." "Wicked Weather." "Winter Storm to Affect Everybody." The headlines and weather reports are in. This Thanksgiving weekend, snow – and lots of it – is headed your way.
So break out some shovels, stock up on hot cocoa, and pull out those mobile devices. We're talking cell phones, iPads®, whatever you have – make sure they're charged and get ready to shop. You see, we took everything you love about Rue La La and translated it to fit your favorite mobile device, which means instant access to style must-haves, no matter how snowed in you get this weekend.
So, while your favorite stores may be closed, we'll be open. Simply download our app and cozy up by the fire. That whole snowed-in thing – it's really not so bad now, is it?
Read more about the impending snowstorm on The Huffington Post.
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I read that in New York there is a pumpkin that weighs 1,704 pounds. It was grown by Leonardo Ureno from Napa, California. He carved it to look like a zombie face before taking it to New York with him. My opinion of this is that it is so cool. I think more people should try and do this so that they aren't left out of society.
The computer you are commenting from has an id number. It is 220.127.116.11!


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February 15, 2012
Steve Hare
Scott Booker has hit the recruiting trail running. He recently visited four-star linebacker Doug Randolph, a high school teammate of CJ Prosise. Randolph hopes to visit South Bend. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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The Twin Signature collection combines excellent value with the legendary innovation and craftsmanship of Zwilling J.A. Henckels, German knife makers since 1731. These durable, entry-level knives feature blades stamped from high-carbon stainless steel, Friodur ice-hardened for strength, and hand honed for sharpness.
This santoku is ideal for chopping as well as thin-slicing meat, fish and vegetables, with a hollow-ground blade that helps keep foods from sticking.


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Use "My Account" - "My Permanent PINs" to see the card's balance and other reports.
Please read the disclaimer about additional provisions. Rates and fees are subject to change without notice. Application of surcharges and fees has the effect of reducing total minutes on the card.
Card can be used from Canada, Puerto Rico, USA - Continental, USA - Hawaii


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Learn how to protect yourself from Internet scams. Read our online fraud prevention tips
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April 27, 2012
Matthew Hatfield
Session #2 of the Nike EYBL comes to Hampton, VA and the Boo Williams Sportsplex this weekend. VirginiaPreps.com offers up a preview of the Players to Watch, such as local guard Anthony 'Cat' Barber, Top Storylines and Predictions right here! ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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Public Health Statement for 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
This article is a verbatim version of the original and is not available for edits or additions by EoE editors or authors. Companion articles on the same topic that are editable may exist within the EoE.
December 1989
Public Health Statement for 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
This Public Health Statement is the summary chapter from the Toxicological Profile for 1,1,2-trichloroethane. It is one in a series of Public Health Statements about hazardous substances and their health effects. A shorter version, the ToxFAQs™, is also available. This information is important because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737.
What is 1,1,2-trichloroethane?
1,1,2-Trichloroethane is a colorless, sweet-smelling liquid that does not burn easily and boils at a higher temperature than water. It is made by two companies in the United States. It is used mostly where 1,1-dichloroethene (vinylidene chloride) is made. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane is used as a solvent. Because information about how much is made and how it is used is not available, we cannot say how much 1,1,2-trichloroethane is used, where it is used, or in what products it is found.
1,1,2-Trichloroethane may also be formed in landfills when 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane is broken down. When it is released into the environment, most 1,1,2-trichloroethane finally ends up in the air, but some may enter groundwater. Breakdown in both the air and groundwater is slow.
In the air, half the 1,1,2-trichloroethane is expected to breakdown in 49 days, and so it is likely to spread far from where it is released before breaking down. A few studies show that 1,1,2-trichloroethane below the soil surface or in groundwater does not breakdown within 16 weeks, and other studies suggest that it will last for years. Some studies show that breakdown of 1,1,2-trichloroethane occurs in landfills, but how fast this happens is not known.
How might I be exposed to 1,1,2-trichloroethane?
Low levels of 1,1,2-trichloroethane may be found in outdoor air. The main source of this 1,1,2-trichloroethane is thought to be industries that use it as a solvent. Because the industries that produce 1,1,2-trichloroethane or use it to make other chemicals often recycle or burn their waste, releases of 1,1,2-trichloroethane by these industries should not be major sources of pollution.
From surveys of industrial wastewater, we learn that some of the industries that discharge 1,1,2-trichloroethane are the timber products industry, plastics and synthetics industry, and laundries. Limited data show that 1,1,2-trichloroethane is present in a quarter to a half of city air samples. Where 1,1,2-trichloroethane is found, the samples tested usually contain 10 to 50 parts of 1,1,2-trichloroethane per trillion parts of air (ppt).
Though exposure to contaminated drinking water taken from groundwater sources is possible, such exposure appears to be rare. A nationwide survey did not find 1,1,2-trichloroethane in drinking water, but well water in some areas has been found to contain it. Surveys found 1,1,2-trichloroethane in well water in Wisconsin, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and Suffolk County, New York. The largest amount in these supplies was 31 parts of 1,1,2-trichloroethane per one billion parts of water (ppb).
1,1,2-Trichloroethane has not been reported in food or soil. Besides the air and drinking water sources, people may be exposed to 1,1,2-trichloroethane from spills and in the workplace, where it may be used as a solvent. Exposure would most likely be from breathing vapors of the chemical or from skin contact.
When a chemical like 1,1,2-trichloroethane is utilized to make other chemicals, it is usually used in tightly closed automatic systems, so that workers are not usually exposed to high levels of it. A national survey conducted in 1981-1983 estimated that 1,036 workers were exposed to 1,1,2-trichloroethane. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane has been found thus far at 45 of 1,177 hazardous waste sites on the National Priorities List (NPL) in the United States. Landfill gases from these sites may contain 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
How can 1,1,2-trichloroethane enter and leave my body?
1,1,2-Trichloroethane can enter the body when a person breathes air containing 1,1,2-trichloroethane, or when a person drinks water containing this compound. It can also enter the body through the skin. After it enters the body, it is carried by the blood to organs and tissues such as the liver, kidney, brain, heart, spleen, and fat.
Experiments in which animals were given 1,1,2-trichloroethane by mouth have shown that most 1,1,2-trichloroethane leaves the body unchanged in the breath and as other substances that it was changed into in the urine in about 1 day. Very little stays in the body more than 2 days.
How can 1,1,2-trichloroethane affect my health?
1,1,2-Trichloroethane can cause temporary stinging and burning pain on the skin when humans touch it. There is no other information on the health effects of 1,1,2-trichloroethane in humans.
Most of what we know about the health effects of this chemical comes from experiments in animals. As is true with most chemicals, a large amount of 1,1,2-trichloroethane produces more damage than a small amount. Short-term exposure to high levels of 1,1,2-trichloroethane in air or high doses given by mouth or applied to the skin has caused death in animals.
Long-term exposure of animals to high doses given by mouth has also shortened the lifespan. These levels and doses are much higher than would be found in the air, water, or food to which humans might be exposed. Breathing high levels in air can affect the nervous system and cause sleepiness. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane may also affect the liver, kidney, and digestive tract, produce skin irritation, and affect the body's ability to fight infections. Mice, but not rats, that were given high doses of 1,1,2-trichloroethane by mouth for most of their life developed liver cancer, but we do not know whether humans exposed to this chemical would develop cancer. From the limited information available in animals, it appears that 1,1,2-trichloroethane does not cause birth defects or otherwise inhibit normal development.
Is there a medical test to determine whether I have been exposed to 1,1,2-trichloroethane?
Although chemists have ways of measuring some chemicals in body fluids, there is no commonly used medical test to find out whether a person has been exposed to 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
What levels of exposure have resulted in harmful health effects?
It is not known what levels of 1,1,2-trichloroethane cause harmful health effects in people. In animals, liver effects, central nervous system depression, and death occurred at levels greater than 416 parts per million (ppm) 1,1,2-trichloroethane in air. At levels of 200 ppm in water, effects on the immune system and liver were seen.
What recommendations has the federal government made to protect human health?
The EPA has set a limit of 0.005 milligrams of 1,1,2-trichloroethane per liter of drinking water (0.005 mg/L). Discharges, spills, or accidental releases of 100 pounds or more of 1,1,2-trichloroethane must be reported to the EPA.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set a permissible exposure limit of 45 milligrams 1,1,2-trichloroethane per cubic meter of air (45 mg/m³) for an 8-hour workday in a 40-hour workweek.
The federal recommendations have been updated as of July 1999.
Where can I get more information?
If you have any more questions or concerns, please contact your community or state health or environmental quality department or:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Division of Toxicology
1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32
Atlanta, GA 30333
Information line and technical assistance:
Phone: 888-422-8737
ATSDR can also tell you the location of occupational and environmental health clinics. These clinics specialize in recognizing, evaluating, and treating illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances.
To order toxicological profiles, contact:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
Phone: 800-553-6847 or 703-605-6000
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 1989. Toxicological profile for 1,1,2-trichloroethane. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
Editor's Notes
- The Encyclopedia of Earth article "Animal testing alternatives" supplements this entry.
- Hyperlinks were created by the Encyclopedia of Earth, not by the Content Source.


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Change the grid, not the customer?
Industry veteran suggests emphasis on utility side
Steve Collier, an electrical engineer and IEEE smart grid "expert" (so designated due to his experience with the grid and the new technologies being applied to it), has worked in many roles in the power, telecom and software industries. We talked earlier this month about a few issues in grid modernization.
(Collier was featured in an IEEE smart grid interview earlier this year.)
Intelligent Utility: Your position is that the utility industry ought to focus more on wringing efficiencies from the grid than just going to the residential homeowner and small business looking for behavioral changes around peak use. What's your thinking?
Steve Collier: We should tackle why the grid is inadequate rather than just trying to change customers' expectations and behavior to accommodate its deficiencies. The recent wind-caused outages in the East are a case in point. Critical peak pricing and demand response provided no benefit. A smarter grid would have.
In the last 10 years or so, as documented in the U.S Department of Energy electric grid adequacy report, "Keeping the Lights On in the 21st Century," it has become clear that the existing grid and historical utility behavior will no longer suffice.
So we ask consumers to get smart because we've got a grid that's not? I think that most customers really have little interest in spending much time or effort changing how and when they use electricity. We should be concentrating more on what can be done on the utility's side of the meter instead of expecting the customers to do it all.
We need a smarter grid enabled by advanced sensors and controls and new planning and operating methods, not just accommodations by customers.
IU: Sensors and controls that automate the grid to the extent possible really are part and parcel of "smart grid," which is about extending intelligence down to the distribution system. I buy that. Don't some of those sensors and controls also benefit the customer, directly and indirectly?
Collier: You're right, there are many benefits to be gained from a smarter grid that is being monitored, analyzed and controlled in real time. And automation is the key. Many utilities and their customers are seeing benefits in automated outage management systems. A few utilities are improving efficiency through voltage optimization. Some smart meters can actually provide data that is useful for these kinds of applications. Unfortunately, though, most of the so-called smart meters really aren't. We need meters that respond automatically to price signals, power quality and reliability.
Ultimately I think a lot of these features and functions will be built directly into end-use devices. Moore's Law means that electronics are getting better and cheaper. And the Internet means everybody and everything will be in constant two-way, fast digital communications everywhere in the world.
The secret here is not rates that customers react to; it's rates and other parameters that devices react to in an "Internet of Things." You should be able to buy a black box and plug it into your Internet of things and all of a sudden a customer's appliances, rooftop photovoltaics, electric vehicle are all automatically reacting to price signals or the availability of wind generation or utility dispatch and control signals. These devices would be managed through the mobile devices that they are accustomed to using for everything else.
IU: Meanwhile, how do you see the path ahead for grid modernization, for what utilities can and should do to make existing infrastructure more efficient and resilient, while the industry works towards that future vision of de-centralization and automation?
Collier: There will obviously be a transition. We cannot transform the world's largest and most complex infrastructure overnight. But we must change our thinking about how we plan, construct and operate the grid in a new reality. And we can almost immediately improve economy, efficiency, reliability and customer service through a smarter grid. There are parallel paths here. One is the steady state path. What do we do today in day-to-day normal operating conditions? And what do we do to deal with emergency circumstances when we have straight-line winds for three hours that knock down power lines and trees or when an employee's mistake takes down the grid in Southern California and Arizona for a couple of days?
In the steady state, we are seeing emerging strategies such as distributed, automated energy management systems, demand reduction and conservations through voltage/VAR control and advanced asset management enabled by sensors and controls. We're even moving toward anticipating faults by reading subtleties in power quality in real-time. In responding to service interruptions and power quality problems, advanced sensors and controls and decision software allow us to serve customers better. We can isolate faults and re-route power to minimize impacts and restore service more quickly. Automated outage management systems can define and locate the problem more quickly and allow utilities to communicate estimated time to restoration to customers to reduce hardships and allow them to plan. Undergrounding needs another look, especially to see if costs could be lowered. Ultimately, we're looking at a decentralized grid for resiliency. That'll take time. Many forces are pushing changes in the utility business model and that's just one.
Phil Carson
Intelligent Utility Daily
Great Insights....but
....one of the take-aways has to be that "we" have spent ginormous sums of money on installed "smart grid" hardware and did so without a clear strategy for the use. I will again blame the "genius" of distributing stimulus money toward an initiative that wasn't even a fully formed concept. In fact, I think it's clear that the concepts are still "evolving" and are still being outpaced by hardware installations.
Timely Article
This is a timely article especially with all the recent electric grid outages. Even with the market rush by companies to be at the front of the "Smart Grid" movement recent events show there are many heads to the dragon that can burn you. The internet and the electric grid are services that stay in the background until they fail. When that happens, life for most people stops until the service is repaired and turned back on. The internet unlike the electric grid does not turn off all the basic comfort of life and thus the electric grid has a much more critical impact when it fails.
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There are many redundant and robust pieces if equipment on the electric grid today that have contributed to its reliable over the years. I agree that there is a need for more and better sensors on the electric grid and even more important is a need of our ability to decode and understand what those sensors are telling us about the grid. This learning curve is still in its infancy. Most new digital meters are smarter than the communication technologies used to make the connection to the electric meters. The communication designers have had to make trade-offs when they implement their technologies onto electric meters and many times those trade-offs cause more problems than they solve.
The opportunity to improve the grid with technology as well as educate the end customers on their usage still exists and is very much desirable. This is the two prong attack that is underway today and needs to continue. As with any new technology, the benefits gained by the new systems comes first to the implementer of the technology and then to the end customers. The implementers are still struggling with all the data from the meters and how to process and handle it. They have only scratched the surface so far and outage notification is one of the easiest to implement with the technology. The prediction and intervention of pending grid failures is still very new or not yet on the radar screen for most. When we move the technology in that direction, it will become a benefit to the utilities as well as the end customers because potential outages can be averted before they cause problems. We are getting there, but still a few years away.
Richard G. Pate
Pate & Associates, Principal
Timely Article
Thanks for taking the time to read the interview and to provide thoughtful comments. There's a reason that Phil and I ended our title with a question mark rather than an exclamation mark. We wanted to stimulate discussion rather than proclaim that nothing should be done about conservation, efficiency or demand control on the customer's side of the meter. I absolutely agree that anything that can be done by consumers to use electricity more efficiently is desirable. There must be strategies for both sides of the meter, but they should be strategic and faciliated by the utilities and regulators in ways that don't stress or inconvenience consumers. I'm not convinced that the inadequacies of the grid should be the basis for pressuring them with price signals or otherwise to use energy substantially differently than they want to. This may be required in the short term, but is not an ideal outcome. In my mind it is just a mild version of rotating blackouts and brownouts, only based on a price signal? The ready availability of economical, reliable and safe electric energy has largely made our quality of life and productivity of business what it is today. And, in fact, I think that there is can be an unanticipated outcome of efficiency acording to the Jevons Paradox (or the more modern interpretation in the Khazzooh - Brookes Postulate) that has been in public discussion quite a bit of late. We need to be transforming the grid to be adequate for consumers wants and needs, not transforming consumers to the grid's inadequacies.
Steve Collier - IEEE Smart Grid Expert - Milsoft Utility Solutions
Steve, I agree the focus
Change requirements are not one-sided
Phil, Steve - Great interview with lots of interesting perspective. As one of the previous commenters mentioned, the optimal solution is not to just change the grid or to just change the customer. No doubt, utilities must take undertake initiatives on both sodes of the equation. Automation within the grid and hardening of assets is a no-brainer. But we can't lose sight that grid modernization by itself will not mitigate requirements for additional generation in the future as populations rise, standards of living rise, and consumption rises along with it. Consumers cannot sit by passively anymore - they must become part of the solution through multiple strategies including dynamic pricing, TOU, load control, demand response, distributed generation, and the list goes on. Automation and hardening will certainly improve reliability and outages and volt/var can positively contribute to efficiency and consumption deferral. But to defer additional generation investment, even if for just the short term, other consumer-engaging strategies will be required. - Michael P.
Change requirements are not one-sided
Thanks for taking the time to read and comment. I agree that "utilities must undertake initiatives on both sides of the equation." And you are correct, there are many methods and tools that utilities can and should be using to monitor and manage load as well as supply. I just believe that utilities, through a truly smart grid, can effect the optimum outcomes without requiring customers to become experts in energy supply, demand and pricing or to become full time operators of the consumption side of the grid to ensure economy, efficiency, reliability, sustainability, etc.. The whole critical peak pricing / demand response scheme seems to me to be a form of wartime rationing caused by our inability to design, deploy and operate a smart grid that can provide adequate economy, efficiency, reliability, security, safety, convenience and service to consumers. We are almost certainly going to have a transition period while we transform the national grid in which consumers are going to experience constraints in supply and restrictions in consumption. That's what happens during a natural disaster like a drought or an economic disaster like a fuel embargo or a political disaster like a war. But those are temporary hardships. We won't ever make consumers electric utility experts any more than we will make them experts in the auto industry, the airline industry, the Internet or medical care. They don't sit passively by, they seek, purchase and consume products and services that they want and need. They are consumption experts! Some of them may choose to exert considerable self discipline in when and how they consume for financial reasons or health concerns or in the interest of the public good. As to your final pont, we will indeed ultimately require additional generation capacity in this country, and orders of magnitude more in the world. Will we do it the same way that we did for the past 130 years via a centralized, monolithic, intractable grid, or will we find a new and better way. I firmly believe in the latter.
Steve Collier - IEEE Smart Grid Expert - Milsoft Utility Solutions
Yes to utilities; yes to consumers
I agree that smart grids and utility-side efforts are important. It's OK to state that, "I think that most customers really have little interest in spending much time or effort changing how and when they use electricity." So what? Why is that relevant?
(1) Some consumers will participate; (2) the grid becomes more resilient and reliable when consumers respond to price and relaibility/emergency signals; (3) competition is enhanced: rather than only supply-side options, we have competition during peak periods, high price periods and to manage ramping of wind and so forth; (4) the price elasticity of a few people will benefit everyone on the grid; (5) restrictions on demand participation -- either deliberate or through laziness regarding the updating of rules and protocols -- are anti-competitive; (6) investments on consumer premises are local investments, and a broader definition of "investing in the grid" is healthy; (7) innovators, entrepreneurs and communications technologists will facilitate these changes" they are transforming the electric industry in the same way that cogeneration transformed the indsutry in the 1980s.
Consumers are smart; consumers can learn; consumers know what they want far better than any utility expert or well-intentioned regulator. Consumers are central to the future of the electric industry.
When I wrote the comment "Yes to utilities; yes to consumers" on July 17, 2012 at 9:39 AM, I assumed my sign-in name would automatically appear. It did not, so here it is. Thanks to Steven and Phil for the replies.
Nat Treadway, DEFG, email@example.com
(Is this comment process error-prone or is it just me?)
Yes to utilities; yes to consumers
Thanks for reading and responding. We are almost entirely on the same wavelength. I absolutely believe that monitoring and managing consumption is every bit as crucial as monitoring and managing production, transmission and distribution. They question is who will do it and how? I don't think that consumers will by and large solve the problem by significantly changing their lifestyle and behaviour to respond to complex price signals. I believe that it will be accomplished by a new approach in a decentralized grid that is monitored, analyzed and managed from every point of production to every point of consumption. The utillities and a new group of players, unaffectionately referred to by the incumbent utilities as "disintermediaries" but known by customers as "really cool products and services" will make this happen. Consumers will help by purchasing smart devices and apps that enable them to obtain what they want . . . maybe lower power bills . . . maybe less carbon footprint . . . maybe more renewable energy . . . maybe just more power consumption. After all, as you so insightfully point out, "consumers are smart . . know what they want far better than any utility expert or well-intentioned regulator."
Steve Collier - IEEE Smart Grid Expert - Milsoft Utility Solutions
Enjoyed this interview -- here's another take
. . . here's another take
Thanks for taking the time to read and respond.
I'm not opposed to "change the grid and the customer." I just think that, so far, the overwhelming emphasis in the discussion and deployment of the Smart Grid has been on smart meters, meter data management systems, critical peak pricing and demand response. That alone is not a smart grid.
I don't disagree that there is a significant number of customers who are willing and able to make "informed energy decisions." And there are definitely some great companies out there that are deploying "customer engagement programs . . . that employ sophisticated computer software" as well as on-premises monitoring and control to make it easy for customers to achieve conservation and/or demand management objectives. In fact, the best ones essentially make the conservation and peak demand reduction invisible to the customer. Even so, their experience is that only a fraction of customers of any given utility are willing to opt in, and only a portion of those signed up participate at a level that makes a significant difference in their patterns or magnitude of consumption.
There is so much more possible than this. For example, universal adoption of distributed volt / VAR monitoring and control throughout the grid could result in more conservation and demand reduction than has been effected in all the demand response programs implemented to date . . . and with no expertise, effort, inconvenience or risk of increased power bills required on the part of the cusotmer . . . and with significant improvment of the quality of power service to customers . . . and substantial improvement in utilities' ability to monitor and manage their distribution systems. Sure, it would require some capital investment, and it would require substantial changes in the way utilities plan and operate their distribution systems. And, as you say, there are formidable regulatory constraints.
Voltage optimization is just one of many new methods and approaches to a truly smart gird that can benefit every consumer across the board. Because we've continued to pin our hopes onthe supply side philosophy, we've waited way too long to do everything that we can do to transform the grid into a Smart Grid and to adopt methods for planning and operations that fully leverage a Smart Grid. As a result, we are behind the eight ball so to speak and are likely to need substantial "customer energy saving action," maybe even through involuntary blackouts and brownouts, until we catch up.
We have to catch up. And we have to do it by changing the grid, not just the customer.
Steve Collier - IEEE Smart Grid Expert - Milsoft Utility Solutions
Three Cheers, Three Steps for Greater Reliability
Three Cheers for a great interview, and my hat's off to Steve Collier for his comments and especially, his conclusion.
Three Steps for Greater Reliability are easy to remember: 1) Modernization, including Outage Management Systems - utilities should focus on what they control, setting priorities on what has a higher chance of success, namely, outage automation and grid modernization; 2) Hardening - as we modernize, utiliites should evaluate the softest, most vulnerable spots in the grid and harden them, including undergrounding and greater protection of substations; and 3) Decentralization - as distributed energy technologies drop in cost and increase in capabilities, utilities should incorporate them more and more into our grid, creating a hybrid energy economy that benefits from the best qualitites of both centralization and decentralization.
John Cooper, Partner, NextWatt Solutions
Three Thanks, Three Steps for a Better Grid
Thanks for the kudos. And thanks for endorsing the need for foundational changes to the grid itself.
I don't think that greater reliability is necessarily the only or even primary goal. Obviously we want to maintain and improve reliability, maybe to the point of the Perfect Power envisioned by the late Bob Galvin. The real goal, however, is to have a grid that can meet the needs of our citizens and businesses in a way that continues to facitate the highest quality of life and productivity of business possible. That means a combination of reliability, economy, efficiency, safety, security, convenience, sustainability, flexibility (not just hardening), and quality of service.
As far as the best qualities of both centralization and decentralization, I strongly favor the characteristics of the starfish over the spider?
Thanks again interacting.
Steve Collier - IEEE Expert - Milsoft Utility Solutions


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50 U.S. Code § 2094 - Attachment of moneys
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(a) Exemption from legal process
Except as provided in subsections (b), (c), and (e) of this section, none of the moneys mentioned in this subchapter shall be assignable either in law or equity, or be subject to execution, levy, attachment, garnishment, or other legal process, except as otherwise may be provided by Federal laws.
(b) Payment to former spouses under court order or spousal agreement
In the case of any participant, former participant, or retired participant who has a former spouse who is covered by a court order or who is a party to a spousal agreement—
(1) any right of the former spouse to any annuity under section 2032 (a) of this title in connection with any retirement or disability annuity of the participant, and the amount of any such annuity;
(2) any right of the former spouse of a participant or retired participant to a survivor annuity under section 2032 (b) or 2032 (c) of this title, and the amount of any such annuity; and
(3) any right of the former spouse of a former participant to any payment of a lump-sum credit under section 2071 (b) of this title, and the amount of any such payment;
shall be determined in accordance with that spousal agreement or court order, if and to the extent expressly provided for in the terms of the spousal agreement or court order that are not inconsistent with the requirements of this subchapter.
(c) Other payments under court orders
Payments under this subchapter that would otherwise be made to a participant, former participant, or retired participant based upon that participant's service shall be paid, in whole or in part, by the Director to another individual if and to the extent expressly provided for in the terms of any court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation, or the terms of any court order or court-approved property settlement agreement incident to any court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation.
(d) Prospective payments; bar to recovery
(1) Subsections (b) and (c) of this section apply only to payments made under this subchapter for periods beginning after the date of receipt by the Director of written notice of such decree, order, or agreement and such additional information and documentation as the Director may require.
Source(Pub. L. 88–643, title II, § 264, as added Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, § 802,Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3237; amended Pub. L. 103–178, title II, § 202(a)(12),Dec. 3, 1993, 107 Stat. 2027.)
Prior Provisions
A prior section 264 ofPub. L. 88–643, as added Pub. L. 94–522, title II, § 212,Oct. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 2471, related to recovery of payments and was set out as a note under section 403 of this title prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 88–643by section 802 ofPub. L. 102–496. See section 2095 of this title.
1993—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 103–178, § 202(a)(12)(A), inserted "and" at end.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 103–178, § 202(a)(12)(B), substituted ", and the amount of any such payment;" for "and to any payment of a return of contributions under section 2054 (a) of this title; and".
Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 103–178, § 202(a)(12)(C), struck out par. (4) which read as follows: "any right of the former spouse of a participant or former participant to a lump-sum payment or additional annuity payable from a voluntary contribution account under section 2121 of this title;".
Effective Date of 1993 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 103–178effective Feb. 1, 1993, see section 202(b) ofPub. L. 103–178, set out as a note under section 2001 of this title.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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The first jazz show I ever attended was the Herbie Hancock Sextet, when I was 15. I had just left the Julliard Preparatory Division, having recently heard Jimi Hendrix for the first time. I was in search of new musical horizons and its been a fascinating journey from that point onward.
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- Jun 9:
- In wake of tornado tragedies, search on for better timing of warnings
- Jun 3:
- Severe storms hit East Coast as Oklahoma continues to assess damage
- Jun 2:
- Nine died when Oklahoma residents opted to flee tornadoes
- May 27:
- Obama tours tornado-hit Oklahoma town: "We've got your back"
- May 23:
- Schools face financial hurdles to building tornado safe rooms
- May 22:
- Colorado storm researchers were near as tornado hit Moore, Oklahoma
- Oklahoma City rescue workers raced to finish search for tornado survivors
- Colorado sends help to tornado-ravaged Oklahoma
- Teachers credited with saving students' lives during Oklahomas tornado
- May 21:
- How tornadoes form, where they form and why they're so deadly
- Okla. Senator says tornado aid should be paid for
- More tornadoes from global warming? Nobody knows
- Obama pledges urgent aid to Oklahoma town
MOORE, Okla. — Officials expect that the killer tornado that leveled parts of Moore, Okla., last week will turn out to be the most destructive in American history, but none of that damage, it appears, will be to the storm-chasing business.
Hundreds of amateur storm chasers live near central Oklahoma and dozens do it professionally, hopping in their cars to rush toward tornadoes as others head for the shelters and safe rooms. They compete against each other to squire around tourists during tornado season and to get storm videos that they post on their websites.
Chris McBee, who runs a severe weather tourism company called Rapid Rotation Tours, was expecting a British tourist for a week-long whirl around the central plains trying to get close to tornadoes. Nobody has canceled.
And the massive destruction and casualties just 10 miles from McBee's home in Norman have not caused him to reassess the way he earns a living.
"It was a horrible thing," said McBee, who was chasing the tornado in his heavily-insured Pontiac SUV with a wind-speed detector on the rooftop when it chewed its way through Moore.
"I never want to see anything like it again. I wish it had never hit a populated area like this," he said. "But I know if another one came up, I'd want to get in the thick of it."
People in central Oklahoma have an intimate familiarity with tornadoes. Schoolchildren are led through weekly tornado drills every spring. Little boys and girls dream of growing up to become storm chasers the way children elsewhere say they want to be firefighters or doctors.
Storm chasing was once a relatively rare activity, conducted primarily by meteorologists who tried to get close enough to a tornado for research that could help predict the path of future tornadoes. Now there are so many people running into a tornado's wake so they can capture up-close videos that there are traffic jams of storm-chasing vehicles on otherwise lonely country roads.
This tornado does not appear to have shaken the resolve of serious storm chasers, many of whom have moved here to be closer to tornado territory.
"I wish it would," said Howard Bluestein, a meteorology professor at the University of Oklahoma, which tries to walk a fine line by neither encouraging nor discouraging storm chasing. "It's becoming difficult to go out in the middle of the countryside with your mobile Doppler radar and you get stuck in traffic."
Storm chasing brought McBee, 32, and his girlfriend, Rachel Sager, 30, together. They met after she moved from Pennsylvania to Colorado to be an amateur storm chaser, a passion piqued when a microburst of air caused damage to the neighborhood where she was raised. They offer different explanations for the appeal of storm chasing.
Sager says it's the thrill of the close brush with danger.
"It's like being on a roller coaster," she said.
McBee says the allure is an up-close glimpse of the beauty in a tornado's angry power.
"It's special seeing Mother Nature at its worst," he said. "It's something you can't control. It's seeing something wild and free."
While the professionals are undaunted by the storm that laid waste to thousands of homes and businesses, some amateur storm chasers are reconsidering whether they want to even look at another tornado again.
Roger Graham, who used to chase storms when he was in college, says his perspective has changed since he became a homeowner.
"This storm has changed people," he said. "It's nice to see a tornado in the middle of a field, it's just trees that get damaged. But then you see it hit a school, killing kids, and a hospital. Whole cul-de-sacs are gone. There's panic and fear, all those things.
"Heck with them. I'm done with them."


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This fine old coaching inn, with a history stretching back several centuries, has a wealth of charm and character. It was occupied by Oliver Cromwell during the siege of Hay Castle. Privately-owned an...More about Old Black Lion Inn


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Tanzania has been selected to host a three-day private health sector conference from May 14-16 organised by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare in collaboration with development partners.
The conference will focus on partnerships with participants from the private and public health sectors and members of the civil society, academia and donor agencies.
According to a statement availed to this paper from the Ministry, the conference is scheduled to bring together leading practitioners who drive the partnership experience and promote increased knowledge and understanding of the private health sector in Africa.
"To promote, exchange and cooperation between the public, private sectors, the conference will blend assembly speeches and panels, with smaller workshop groups that focus on particular case studies.
Topics to be covered include private health service providers, social health protection access to essential medicines, human resources, access to essential medicines, human resources, social health protection and private insurance companies.
Engaging with the private sector in health is in line with the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction for Poverty, National Five Year Development Plan, National Health Policy, the National PPP Policy and the Health Sector Strategic Plan lll, according to the statement.
African healthcare systems are often poorly intergrated into the public health social system, preventing full utilization of the services, the statement said.
The conference is coordinated by the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbent (GTZ) on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and the Tanzania Ministry of Health and Social Welfare in collaboration with USAID Center for Health Market Innovations/Results for Development, DANIDA and KIW Entwicklungsbank.


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Search Swinburne Research Bank
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/239976
- Title
- Redefinition of fault classes in logic expressions
- Author(s)
- Paul, T. K.; Lau, M. F.
- Abstract
- Fault-based testing selects test cases to detect hypothesized faults. In logic expression testing, many fault classes have been defined by researchers based on the syntax of the expressions. Due to the syntactic nature of the logic expressions, some fault classes may exist in one form (say, disjunctive normal form - DNF) of the logic expressions but not in other forms (say, general form). As a result, different fault-based testing techniques have been developed for different types of logic expressions and these techniques have different fault detecting capabilities. For example, some have high detecting power in DNF but low detecting power in the general form. Another complication arises when software developers decide which forms of logic expressions should be used in the first place. Should software developers use the general form for flexibility but compromise that with fewer fault classes and less fault detection? Or should they use DNF for more fault classes and, hence, better fault detection (because software developers have more "hypothesized faulty" scenarios to test) but sacrificing the generality of the expressions. In this paper, we propose a set of uniform definitions of fault classes such that they can be applied irrespective of the syntactic nature of the logic expressions, to produce consistent fault-based testing techniques and fault detection capabilities.
- Publication type
- Conference paper
- Research centre
- Swinburne University of Technology. Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies
- Source
- Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Quality Software (QSIC 2012), Xi'an, China, 27-29 August 2012, pp. 144-153
- Publication year
- 2012
- Keyword(s)
- Fault class; Logic expression
- Publisher
- 1550-6002 (series ISSN)
- Publisher URL
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2012 IEEE.
- Peer reviewed


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Carry this color and show your support for breast cancer research. Learn more about the Vera Bradley Foundation for Breast Cancer.
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Learn more about Personalization
Complete with 10 pencils in five pattern-coordinated designs, the Pencil Box will have your student armed and ready for an entire school year. Or, keep it for mom! Use it for your crafting, by the phone for note-taking or in the kitchen for recipe-jotting. Just remember that dull is not an option!
9½" W x 2" H x 1½" D


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The DuPont Nature Center at Mispillion Harbor Reserve, 2992 Lighthouse Road, will close for winter and reopen April 1, 2016.The savings from the closure will support aquatic education programs during spring and summer using limited federal Sport Fish Restoration Funds, which help the center operate.
In the wake of my previous column on the Oregon community college murders, several people raised a similar objection to my suggestion that we extend criminal background checks to all gun sales.
A 16-month-old Australian toddler underwent a "miracle" surgery to reattach his head to his neck after he was internally decapitated in a car wreck.
October is here, and that means it's finally safe to indulge in all things pumpkin flavored (and scented). But if you want to make sure you'll be digging into a homemade pumpkin pie come Thanksgiving, experts say you...
Trolling comments on presidential candidates' Facebook pages in search of grammatical errors is a task that will get Strunk and White devotees' eyes rolling. At least the search for typos, misplaced or missing...
A two-month investigation into illegal drug sales in the Seaford area has resulted in the arrest of a local woman.
Was the macaroni and cheese worth it?
The Delaware State Police Sex Offender Apprehension and Registration Unit is looking for a homeless sex offender after he failed to re-register his current address.
Christina Aguilera is returning to coach
If you build it, it will come... alive? That is Adam's (Sean Giambrone) hope on Wednesday's episode...
A former acquaintance is a full-blown conspiracy theorist. She calls herself a �truth seeker�; I call her a smug, insensitive jerk. This is why we are former acquaintances.
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The Veterans Affairs Department has been routinely transmitting veterans' personal data — including medical information and Social Security numbers — over unsecured Internet connections, leaving the information vulnerable to hacking and fraud, according to an internal watchdog that faults the agency for violating the government's own security requirements.
"Without controls to encrypt the sensitive VA data transmitted, veterans' information may be vulnerable to interception and misuse by malicious users as it traverses unencrypted telecommunications carrier networks," the VA's Office of Inspector General reported.
The types of data that the VA Office of Information Technology (OIT) sent over unencrypted networks included the names of veterans and their dependents, Social Security numbers, dates of birth and protected health information, the IG said.
And top officials approved waivers to security rules to allow the unencrypted transmissions, the report found. The failure to protect the information violated the VA's own security regulations as well as parts of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, which required "the encryption of electronically transmitted health information," investigators said.
VA officials acknowledged the waivers, but disputed that the information faced much risk of being intercepted. Although it was not encrypted, it was still sent through private channels, they argued.
"The network links in question are not currently employing encryption but these transmissions are crossing only the private VA network and are not exposed to or traversing the Internet," said Roger Baker, the Assistant Secretary for Information Technology.
Baker added that OIT conducted its own investigation and concluded that at no time was information vulnerable or sent over public networks.
The inspector general acknowledged the VA had been keeping the information separate from the public Internet at large, but said "the risk remains that sensitive VA data and router information can be compromised when it is transmitted across unencrypted telecommunications carrier networks outside of VA's span of technical control."
Investigators discovered the problem after inspecting medical facilities in South Dakota and Nebraska, but they believe the issue could be widespread. Sending information unencrypted to community health centers and business partners "was a common practice" in that region, according to OIT officials the inspector general interviewed.
The unsecured information originated from the VA Midwest Health Care Network, which serves 400,000 veterans in Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota and portions of Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, Wisconsin, and Wyoming, the report said.
Top VA officials, including the Assistant Secretary for Information and Technology and the Acting Under Secretary for Health, Veterans Health Administration, signed waivers allowing OIT to skip "implementing encryption controls in the near term," the report said. But investigators said those waivers can only be used in "exceptional circumstances" and said the department isn't following laws regarding the protection of information.
"VA and federal information security requirements clearly call for the encryption of sensitive VA data and emphasize the importance of safeguarding this information," the IG said.
And investigators are worried about the situation snowballing. Instead of stealing veterans' information, hackers could learn enough about the VA's infrastructure to shut down its computer networks, the inspector general warned.
Furthermore, in an era of budget cuts where each agency is trying to tighten its belt, investigators said the VA could potentially face fines for violating federal policy regarding cybersecurity.
The National Park Service has said the fire was likely human caused, but that remains under investigation.


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The good Doctor has been at it again, he's asking for Salford to be given a £500k extension to the Salary cap for two years to help rebuild the club.
He won't get it, but its another controversial, sit up and listen pronouncement.
He's the Doctor who cried Wolf.
If he came up with an actual good idea now nobody would listen.


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ELKHART — Police are looking for the driver involved in an accident that sent an Elkhart man to the hospital Monday, May 13.
The accident happened at about 5:30 p.m. at the intersection of Indiana Avenue and Prairie Street. According to the accident report, Andrew Smith, 21, of Elkhart, was driving a mo-ped west on Indiana Avenue just west of Prairie Street, when he was rear-ended by a gold Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, which then left the scene.
Smith was taken to Elkhart General Hospital with a deep laceration on his face and injuries to his midsection. Upon further evaluation, it was found that Smith tested positive for opiates and marijuana. He also had a blood-alcohol content of 0.21 percent, more than double the legal limit.
Accounts from witnesses at the scene conflicted with one another. A witness told police Smith "had a road rage incident" and began yelling at someone before losing control of his mo-ped.
Another witness said Smith rear-ended another vehicle before losing control. A third witness told police a vehicle was trying to pass Smith when Smith lost control of the mo-ped and ran into the vehicle that was trying to pass him.
The report states that based on the evidence, "no definitive sequence of events or cause could be determined."
Anyone with information about the crash can call the police department at 295-7070.


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