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23 U.S. Code § 210 - Defense access roads
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(1) The Secretary is authorized, out of the funds appropriated for defense access roads, to provide for the construction and maintenance of defense access roads (including bridges, tubes, and tunnels thereon) to military reservations, to defense industries and defense industry sites, and to the sources of raw materials when such roads are certified to the Secretary as important to the national defense by the Secretary of Defense or such other official as the President may designate, and for replacing existing highways and highway connections that are shut off from the general public use by necessary closures or restrictions at military reservations and defense industry sites.
(2) If it is determined that an action of the Department of Defense will cause a significant transportation impact to access to a military reservation, the Secretary of Defense shall conduct a transportation needs assessment to assess the magnitude of the improvement required to address the impact. The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, shall determine the magnitude of the required improvements without regard to the extent to which traffic generated by the reservation is greater than other traffic in the vicinity of the reservation.
(b) Funds appropriated for the purposes of this section shall be available, without regard to apportionment among the several States, for paying all or any part of the cost of the construction and maintenance of defense access roads.
(c) Funds appropriated for defense maneuvers and exercises, may be used by the Secretary in areas certified to him by the Secretary of Defense as maneuver areas for such construction, maintenance, and repair work as may be necessary to keep the highways therein, which have been or may be used for training of the Armed Forces, in suitable condition for such training purposes and for repairing the damage caused to such highways by the operations of men and equipment in such training.
(d) Whenever any project for the construction of a circumferential highway around a city or of a radial intracity route thereto submitted by any State is certified by the Secretary of Defense, or such other official as the President may designate, as being important for civilian or military defense, such project may be constructed out of the funds heretofore or hereafter authorized to be appropriated for defense access roads.
(e) If the Secretary shall determine that the State transportation department of any State is unable to obtain possession and the right to enter upon and use the required rights-of-way, lands, or interest in lands, improved or unimproved, required for any project authorized by this section with sufficient promptness, the Secretary is authorized to acquire, enter upon, take possession thereof, and expend funds for projects thereon, prior to approval of title by the Attorney General, in the name of the United States, such rights-of-way, lands, or interest in lands as may be required in such State for such projects by purchase, donation, condemnation, or otherwise in accordance with the laws of the United States (including sections 3114 to 3116 and 3118 of title 40). The cost incurred by the Secretary in acquiring any such rights-of-way, lands, or interest in lands may include the cost of examination and abstract of title, certificate of title, advertising, and any fees incidental to such acquisition; and shall be payable out of the funds available for paying the cost or the Federal share of the cost of the project for which such rights-of-way, lands, or interests in lands are acquired. The Secretary is further authorized and directed by proper deed executed in the name of the United States to convey any lands or interests in lands acquired in any State under the provisions of prior Acts or of this section to the State transportation department of such State or to such political subdivision thereof as its laws may provide, upon such terms and conditions as may be agreed upon by the Secretary and the State transportation department, or political subdivisions to which the conveyance is to be made.
(f) The provisions of section 112 of this title are applicable to defense access roads.
(g) If the Secretary shall determine that it is necessary for the expeditious completion of any defense access road project he may advance to any State out of funds appropriated for defense access roads transferred and available to the Department of Transportation the Federal share of the cost of construction thereof to enable the State transportation department to make prompt payments for acquisition of rights-of-way, and for the construction as it progresses. The sums so advanced shall be deposited in a special fund by the State official authorized by State law to receive such funds, to be disbursed solely upon vouchers approved by the State transportation department for rights-of-way which have been or are being acquired and for construction which has been actually performed under this section. Upon determination by the Secretary that funds advanced to any State under the provisions of this subsection are no longer required, the amount of the advance which is determined to be in excess of requirements for the project shall be repaid upon his demand, and such repayments shall be returned to the credit of the appropriation from which the funds were advanced.
(h) Funds appropriated for the purposes of this section shall be available to pay the cost of repairing damage caused to highways by the operation of vehicles and equipment in the construction of classified military installations and facilities for ballistic missiles if the Secretary shall determine that the State transportation department of any State is, or has been, unable to prevent such damage by restrictions upon the use of such highways without interference with, or delay in, the completion of a contract for the construction of such military reservations or installations. This subsection shall apply notwithstanding any provision of contract holding a party thereto responsible for such damage, if the Secretary of Defense or his designee shall determine, in fact, that construction estimates and the bid of such party did not include allowance for repairing such damage. This subsection shall apply to damage caused by construction work commenced prior to June 1, 1961, and still in progress on that date and construction work which is commenced or for which a contract is awarded on or after June 1, 1961.
Source(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 908; Pub. L. 86–657, § 8(d),July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 524; Pub. L. 87–61, title I, § 105,June 29, 1961, 75 Stat. 123; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, § 155,Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2134; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, § 133(b)(15),Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 172; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, § 1212(a)(2)(A)(i),June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193; Pub. L. 109–284, § 3(2),Sept. 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 1211; Pub. L. 110–417, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2814(a),Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4728; Pub. L. 112–81, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2816(a),Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1689; Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, § 1516,July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 574.)
2012—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 112–141inserted ", in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation," before "shall determine".
2011—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 112–81inserted at end "The Secretary of Defense shall determine the magnitude of the required improvements without regard to the extent to which traffic generated by the reservation is greater than other traffic in the vicinity of the reservation."
2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–417designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).
2006—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–284substituted "sections 3114 to 3116 and 3118 of title 40" for "the Act of February 26, 1931; 46 Stat. 1421".
1998—Subsecs. (e), (g), (h). Pub. L. 105–178substituted "State transportation department" for "State highway department" wherever appearing.
1987—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–17substituted "Transportation" for "Commerce".
1983—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–424substituted "Funds appropriated for defense maneuvers and exercises" for "Not exceeding $5,000,000 of any funds appropriated under the Act approved October 16, 1951 (65 Stat. 422)".
1961—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 87–61added subsec. (h).
1960—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 86–657added subsec. (g).
Effective Date of 2012 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) ofPub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
Economic Adjustment Committee Consideration of Additional Defense Access Roads Funding Sources
Pub. L. 112–81, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2816(b),Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1689, provided that:
"(1) Convening of committee.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 31, 2011], the Secretary of Defense, as the chairperson of the Economic Adjustment Committee established in Executive Order No. 127887 [12788] (10 U.S.C. 2391 note), shall convene the Economic Adjustment Committee to consider additional sources of funding for the defense access roads program under section 210 of title 23, United States Code.
"(2) Report.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report describing the results of the Economic Adjustment Committee deliberations and containing an implementation plan to expand funding sources for the mitigation of significant transportation impacts to access to military reservations pursuant to subsection (b) ofsection 210 of title 23, United States Code, as amended by subsection (a)."
Separate Budget Request for Program
Pub. L. 112–81, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2816(c),Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1689, provided that: "Amounts requested for a fiscal year for the defense access roads program under section 210 of title 23, United States Code, shall be set forth as a separate budget request in the budget transmitted by the President to Congress for that fiscal year under section 1105 of title 31, United States."
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Stained Glass Tiffany Lamps
You haven't seen a truly breathtaking lamp until you have taken a glance at our collection of Tiffany lamps. Competitors do not compare to our high-quality stained glass creations. Tiffany lamps differ greatly from our other collections due to their one-of-a-kind crafted shades. They may be sprinkled all over Grandma's one-story cottage, but Grandma recognizes that the style of a tiffany lamp is timeless. Tiffany lamps are an elegant, yet traditional way to light the most special room in your house.

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Thursday Jul 08 2010
Old School Baseball Camp to return to Oakmont High
By: Kurt Johnson, The Press Tribune
Annual free clinic run in memory of Duane Perkins
For the ninth consecutive year, local high school baseball coaches will gather at Oakmont High in late July for a collaborative baseball teaching opportunity. The Old School Baseball Camp is back, under the direction of Viking coach Rick Ramirez. Ramirez started this summer-ending clinic nearly a decade ago in memory of Duane Perkins, the twin brother of Viking head coach Dean Perkins. This is a competitive camp for players age 14 through 18 that teaches the game they way he learned it. "The name of the camp comes from the way I was brought up to play," Ramirez said during last year's event. "You play hard and don't pout. You play the game because it is fun to play." The camp caps participation at 120, and is free of charge. Signups are held in advance on Monday, July 19 at the Oakmont varsity field. It provides the athletes with four days of intense drills, followed by games on the fifth day. Just 60 players (15 each on four teams as selected by the coaches) are invited back for game day, putting an interesting twist on the end of the event. "The games they play on Friday give the kids a chance to show off what they picked up over the week," said Roseville High coach Hank DeMello after last year's camp. "There is competition in life and baseball teaches you about life. The kids that worked hard and hustled are the ones that get picked for Friday. I have seen years where a stud pitcher or hitter didn't get picked for Friday. They didn't get the meaning of the camp. They were good players, but not respectful players." It is the respect for the game that Ramirez hopes will be the most important lesson learned after the week of teaching. "You only get one chance to make a first impression," Ramirez said. "You go to the yard and you never know who is in the stands that day." DeMello loves the format of this camp. In addition to the fact that it is free to the participants, he feels it teaches valuable lessons, or "old school baseball." "The kids today are a different breed," DeMello said. "They are stuck on video games and they aren't getting the full experience of sports. The coaches of this camp all grew up playing sandlot baseball everyday over the summer. These kids like computers and tech games. This camp gives them the opportunity to respect the game, their opponent, and themselves. We get them to push themselves." In addition to coaches from all over Placer County and much of the Sacramento area, there are also a number of local junior college coaches who come over to help out. The camp runs from 2 to 4:30 p.m. daily from July 26 through July 30 at Oakmont High, and is free. Participants must be 14-18 years old. Signups are at 5:30 p.m. Monday July 19. Contact Ramirez with questions at 782-4073.


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Fred Singer on Fox News on Global Warming
Recorded: Thursday, September 11, 2008
Dr. S. Fred Singer challenges the causes of global warming and weather changes in an interview with Fox News.
Experts: S. Fred SingerType: TelevisionIssues: Energy, Environment, Science
The New International Arms Race in SpaceAnd How to Avoid It
Recorded: Friday, March 7, 2008
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
An Independent Policy Forum held on 3/7/08. Peter L. Hays, Associate Director of the Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies, and Theresa Hitchens, Director of the Center for Defense Information, discuss the implications that the U.S. takedown of a malfunctioning satellite have for a potential arms race in space.
Experts: Ivan Eland, Peter L. Hays, Theresa HitchensType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Defense and Foreign Policy, Diplomacy and Foreign Aid, Science, Technology


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This job posting is no longer available on Indeed.
Find similar jobs:Building Superintendent jobs
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When you see an opportunity to make things better, do you seize it? Vertica Resident Services is a company driven to change the way people think about apartment living. We are always interested in meeting people who have the drive to help us create a new level of customer service in the resident services market.
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We are currently seeking a Live-in Superintendent for one of our residential buildings in Ottawa at 1591 Riverside Dr. This position would require the individual live onsite in an apartment that is provided and be available for on call and after hours emergencies.
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Successful candidates will have a service-oriented approach, excellent communication skills, a strong understanding of building maintenance systems, painting and carpentry skills, and the ability to work flexible hours. We offer a competitive compensation package including accommodation and benefits.
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Vertica is about always working towards raising the bar on service for our residents. It's about continually taking important things like how we serve our customers, how we conduct our business and the quality of our rental properties to new heights.


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Could Google's Chromebook Steal Microsoft's Shine?
Google recently announced the launch of the Chromebook: a notebook PC loaded with its Chrome Web browser as a bare-bones operating system. This Web-based portable is a direct attack on Microsoft's core businesses: the Windows OS and the Office suite. But how much of a threat is it?


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The executives are in Farmington for a two-day conference to discuss the potential for a previously untapped section of the San Juan Basin known as the Mancos shale.
"There's still a lot of oil and gas to produce and develop here," BP America Vice President Darryl Willis told about 500 conference participants. "The Mancos shale could be a really, really good shale play."
Former U.S. Sen. Pete Domenici said about 1.8 billion barrels of oil could be recovered from New Mexico reservoirs in the Mancos shale, which also extends into Colorado, Utah and Wyoming.
"We have the technology to make a run to recover a huge part of it," Domenici said. "Hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have unlocked a tremendous amount of resources."
Hydraulic fracturing is a technique to extract oil and gas from rock by injecting mixtures of water, sand or gravel and chemicals under high pressure.
Hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling are the same techniques that helped open huge shale-gas plays in the Northeast, Midwest and South in recent years, according to the Albuquerque Journal ( http://bit.ly/148a8ur)
The successful extraction of oil and wet natural gas in the basin would bring relief to San Juan County, which remains mired in recession because of extremely low prices for the dry natural gas that has characterized most production in the area.
High oil prices and the premiums paid for natural-gas liquids—such as propane and butane— can offset the higher costs of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling needed to exploit the Mancos.
To do that, however, the wells must be able to produce substantial commercial quantities.
The oil and gas companies now are evaluating that because the shale rock reservoirs in the Mancos differ substantially from shale basins in other places, said Nick Sommer, a geologist with Canada's Encana Corp., which is operating exploratory wells in the Mancos.
"The jury is still out on how much of the hydrocarbons trapped in the Mancos can actually be recovered," Sommer said.
Information from: Albuquerque Journal, http://www.abqjournal.com


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Undiagnosed Illnesses – Recent legislation authorized disability compensation for Gulf War Vets with chronic, UNDIAGNOSED illnesses with developed after the left the Persian Gulf.
To Qualify for undiagnosed illnesses – Location of service, served after Aug 2, 1990, and must suffer from qualifying chronic disability.
An Undiagnosed illness - A medically unexplained chronic multi-symptom illness (such as chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, or irritable bowel syndrome) that is defined by a cluster of signs or symptoms and diagnosed illness that the VA secretary determines warrants a presumption.
A chronic condition is – a disability that exists for 6 months or more or worsening over 6 months.
Qualifying chronic disability – must have appeared during active duty or at least 10% during the presumptive period.Undiagnosed illnesses.Fatigue.Skin disorder.Headaches.Muscle pain.Joint pain.Neurological symptoms.Neuropsychological symptoms.Symptoms involving the respitory system.Sleep disturbances.Gastrointestinal symptoms.Abnormal weight loss.Menstural disorder.2 or more of the combines above issues.
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Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard:
U.S. Navy Liaison Office (N314)Room 34759700 Page BoulevardSt. Louis, MO 63132-5100
U.S. Army Reserve Personnel CenterAttn: DARP-PAS-EAW9700 Page BoulevardSt. Louis, MO 63132-5100
Air Force:
Air Force Reference branch NCPMFNational Personnel Records Center(Military Personnel Records)9700 Page BoulevardSt. Louis, MO 63132-5100
A 10-10ez can be obtained at the Nye County Veteran Service Office or at the VA Healthcare facility nearest you.
More information can be found at https://www.1010ez.med.va.gov/sec/vha/1010ez/
Pahrump CBOC2100 E Calvada BlvdPahrump, NV 89048775-727-7535
Southern Nevada Veterans Memorial Cemetery1900 Buchanan BlvdBoulder City, NV 89005702-486-5920
Eligible veterans and members of their immediate family may be buried at the Northern Nevada Veterans Memorial Cemetery in Fernley, or at the Southern Nevada Veterans Memorial Cemetery in Boulder City. There is no charge for the plot, vault and opening & closing of a gravesite for a Veteran. A $450 fee (subject to change) is charged for the burial of the spouse or dependent of a veteran. For more information is the Cemeteries webpage or call:
Northern Nevada 775 575-4441
Southern Nevada 702 486-5920
Veterans may also "donate" their exempted tax directly to the Nevada Veterans' Home Account, which will contribute the amount toward the operation of a Veterans' Home in Nevada.
The amounts of exemption that are or will be available to disabled veterans varies from $6,250 to $20,000 of assessed valuation, depending on the percentage of disability and the year filed. To qualify, the veteran must have an honorable separation from the service and be a resident of Nevada.
The widow or widower of a disabled veteran, who was eligible for this exemption at the time of his or her death, may also be eligible to receive this exemption.
This exemption can be applied to a veteran's vehicle tax or personal property tax. To determine the actual value of this benefit or to obtain further information, contact your local county assessor's office.
Ex-Prisoner of WarDisabled VeteranPurple HeartVeteran Pearl Harbor Survivors & VeteransCongressional Medal of Honor
Applications for special plates can be obtained at your local DMV Office or by calling 775 684-4750 in Carson City.
Attached is a copy of the discharge papers showing service dates.
I would like ___ numbers of copies.
Please mail to:
Mail this form to:Presidential Memorial Certificates (41A1C)Department of Veterans Affairs5109 Russell RoadQuantico, VA 22134-3903
Korean War: June 27, 1950, through Jan. 31, 1955.
Vietnam War: Aug. 5, 1964 (Feb. 28, 1961, for veterans who served "in country" before Aug. 5, 1964), through May 7, 1975.
Gulf War: Aug. 2, 1990, through a date to be set by law or Presidential Proclamation
These disabilities are considered to be service-connected.
Service connection is the relationship of a particular disabling condition to the veteran's service. This is accomplished by showing that the condition began during service (incurrence), or that a pre-existing condition was made permanently worse than it would have otherwise been (aggravation), or by the application of certain statutory presumptions.
Formal application for service-connected disability compensation is made by submitting a com¬pleted VA Form 21-526, Veteran's Application for Compensation or Pension, together with appropriate medical and other supporting evidence. Under certain circumstances, an application for service-connected compensation may also be an application for nonservice-connected dis¬ability pension, if the veteran served during a wartime period and completes the portions of the application pertaining to total disability and to family income and net worth.
Disability compensation varies with the degree of disability and the number of dependents, and is paid monthly.
The benefits are not subject to federal or state income tax.
To be eligible, the service of the veteran must have been terminated through separation or discharge under conditions other than dishonorable.
Veterans with disability ratings of at least 30 percent are eligible for additional allowances for dependents, including spouses, minor children, children between the ages of 18 and 23 who are attending school, children who are permanently incapable of self-support because of a disability arising before age 18, and dependent parents. The additional amount depends on the disability rating. Veterans with certain severe disabilities may be eligible for additional special monthly compensation.
Work-Study Program -(3/4 – full time students)
Specially Adapted Homes - (to buy or upgrade specially adaptive home to meet their disability –related requirements)
Automobile Assistance -(loss of limb, loss of movement)
Clothing Allowance -(skin condition / lotions)
Aid and Attendance or Housebound -(need assistance of another person, or a vet who is permanently housebound)
Combat-Related Special Compensation - (CRSC – Must be retired, receiving retired pay, and have 20 years of active duty, or reservist 60 years of age with 20 years of service and have 10% VA disability.) Must go through SS Office to Apply.
Social Security.Retirements.401K.Spouses Income.Gambling Winnings.
Monthly payments are made to bring a veteran's total annual income to an established support level.
Eligibility -
Serve during a period of war.Age 65 or permanent and total disabled. Veteran alone income below $11,830 per year.Vet W/ one Dependant below $15,493 per year.Each additional dependant child $2020 per year.Additional income allowances for Aid & Attendance and Housebound Veterans $23,396.
Death Pension - VA provides pensions to low-income surviving spouses and unmarried children of deceased veterans with wartime service. Under $7,933
Eligibility -.Not Dishonorable discharge.90 days active duty w/ 1 day during period of war.dependant is surviving spouse (not remarried, or if re-married over the age of 57), or minor children (18-23 in College).Plus all countable income.
Headstones and Markers - Flat markers are available in bronze, granite or marble.
Inscription: Headstones and markers must be inscribed with the name of the deceased, branch of service, and year of birth and death. They also may be inscribed with other markings, including an authorized emblem of belief and, space permitting, additional text including military rank; war service such as "World War II;" complete dates of birth and death; military awards; military organizations; civilian or veteran affiliations; and words of endearment.
Burial Flags -VA will furnish a U.S. burial flag for memorialization of: 1. Veterans who served during wartime or after Jan. 31, 1955. 2. Veterans who were entitled to retired pay for service in the reserves, or would have been entitled if over age 60. 3. Members or former members of the Selected Reserve who served their initial obligation, or were discharged for a disability incurred or aggravated in line of duty, or died while a member of the Selected Reserve.
Military Funeral Honors -Upon request, the Department of Defense (DoD) will provide military funeral honors consisting of folding and presentation of the United States flag and the playing of Taps.
Reimbursement of Burial Expenses - VA will pay a burial allowance up to $2,000 if the veteran's death is service-connected. There is no time limit for filing reimbursement claims in service-connected death cases. In non service-connected death cases, claims must be filed within two years after burial or cremation and may be eligible for up to $300 funeral allowance.
Plot Allowance - VA will pay a $300 plot allowance when a veteran is buried in a cemetery not under U.S. government jurisdiction.
Presidential Memorial Certificates - Certificates are issued upon request to recognize the military service of honorably discharged deceased veterans.
Once enrolled, veterans can receive services at VA facilities anywhere in the country.
The following three categories of veterans are not required to enroll, but are urged to do so to permit better planning of health resources:
Veterans with a service-connected disability of 50 percent or more.Veterans seeking care for a disability the military determined was incurred or aggravated in the line of duty, but which VA has not yet rated, within 12 months of discharge.
Veterans seeking care for a service-connected disability only. Iraq and Afghanistan Combat Theater Veterans – 5yrs of free healthcare provided by the VA after discharge.
Priority Groups - During enrollment, veterans are assigned to priority groups.VA uses priority groups to balance demand with resources.VA will notify any member affected by changes to policy.(Changes in available resources may reduce the number of priority groups VA can enroll. If this occurs, VA will publicize the changes and notify affected enrollees. Veterans will be enrolled to the extent Congressional appropriations allow. If appropriations are limited).
* Provided to all enrolled Veterans*
Preventive Care ServicesImmunizationsPhysical Exams (Including eye and hearing)Health Care AssessmentsScreening TestsHealth Education Programs
Ambulatory (Outpatient) Diagnostic Emergency outpatient care in a VA facilityMedicalSurgical (including reconstructive/plastic surgery as a result of disease or trauma)Chiropractic CareBereavement CounselingMental HealthSubstance Abuse*provided to all enrolled Veterans*
Hospital (Inpatient) DiagnosticEmergency outpatient care in a VA facilityMedicalSurgical (including reconstructive/plastic surgery as a result of disease or trauma)Mental HealthSubstance Abuse
*provided to all enrolled Veterans*
Limited Benefits -
The following is a partial list of acute care services which may have limitations and special eligibility criteria.Ambulance Services.Dental Care.Durable Medical Equipment.Home Health Care.Homeless Programs.Maternity and Parturition Services – usually provided in non-VA contracted hospitals at VA expense, care is limited to mother (costs associated with the care of newborn are not covered).Non-VA Health Care Services.Orthopedic, Prosthetic, and Rehab Devices.Rehab Services.Readjustment Counseling.Sexual Trauma Counseling.* Eyeglasses (must be SC 10% or more).* Hearing Aids (must be SC 10% or more).
Footnote: To qualify for hearing aids or eyeglasses, the individual must have a VA service-connected disability rating of 10% or more. An individual may also qualify if he or she is a former POW, Purple Heart recipient, require this benefit for treatment of a 0% service-connected condition, or are receiving increased pension based on the need of regular aid and attendance or being permanently housebound.
Things the VA does not cover -
Abortions and abortion counseling.Cosmetic surgery except where VA determines medically necessary.Gender alteration.Health club or spa membership, even for rehabilitation.In-vitro fertilization.Drugs and Medications not approved by FDA.Services not ordered and provided by licensed/accredited professional staff.Special private duty nursing.THESE ARE NOT COVERED BY THE VA!!!
If NON-VA emergency care is received, notification to the nearest VA health care facility must be made within 72 hours if hospitalization is required. VA payment is limited up to the point that the Veteran's condition is stable for transportation to a VA facility.
The following veterans are eligible to receive dental care:1. Veterans with service-connected, compensable dental conditions.2. Former prisoners of war.3. Veterans with service-connected, non compensable dental conditions as a result of combat wounds or service injuries.4. Veterans with non service-connected dental conditions determined by VA to be aggravating a service-connected medical problem.5. Veterans with service-connected conditions rated permanently and totally disabling or 100 percent by reason of un-employability.6. Veterans in a VA vocational rehabilitation program.7. Certain enrolled homeless veterans. 8. Veterans with non service-connected dental conditions that received dental treatment while an inpatient in a VA facility.9. Veterans requiring treatment for dental conditions clinically determined to be complicating a medical condition currently under treatment.Recently discharged veterans who served on active duty 90 days or more and who apply for VA dental care within 90 days of separation from active duty, may receive one time dental treatment if their certificate of discharge does not indicate that they received necessary dental care within a 90-day period prior to discharge.
Eligibility -In addition to the periods of eligibility and conditions of service requirements, applicants must have a good credit rating, sufficient income, a valid Certificate of Eligibility, and agree to live in the property.
VA presumes that specific disabilities diagnosed in certain veterans were caused by their military service. VA does this because of the unique circumstances of their military service. If one of these conditions is diagnosed in a veteran in one of these groups, VA presumes that the circumstances of his/her service caused the condition, and disability compensation can be awarded.
What Conditions are "Presumed" to be Caused by Military Service?Veterans in the groups identified below: Entitlement to disability compensation may be presumed under the circumstances described and for the conditions listed. Veterans within one year of release from active duty: Individuals diagnosed with chronic diseases (such as arthritis, diabetes, or hypertension) are encouraged to apply for disability compensation. Veterans deployed to the Southwest Asia Theater of Operations from August 2, 1990, to July 31, 1991: Individuals diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/Lou Gehrig's disease are encouraged to apply for disability compensation.
FormerPrisoners of War(1) Imprisoned for anyLength of time, andDisability at least 10Percent disabling:• Psychosis• Any of the anxiety states• dysthymic disorder• Organic residuals of frostbite• Post-traumatic osteoarthritis• Heart disease or hypertensive vascular disease and their complications• Stroke and it residuals
(2) Imprisoned for at Lease 30 days, and Disability at lease 10Percent disabling:• Avitaminosis• Beriberi• Chronic dysentery• Helminthiasis• Malnutrition (including optic atrophy)• Pellagra• And other nutritional deficiency• Irritable bowel syndrome• Peptic ulcer disease• Peripheral neuropathy• Cirrhosis of the liver
Vietnam Veterans(Exposed toAgent Orange)Served in the Republic ofVietnam between 1/9/62 and 5/7/75:• Chloracne or other acneform disease similar to Chloracne*• Porphyria cutanea tarda*• Soft-tissue sarcoma (other than osteosarcoma, kaposi's sarcoma or mesothelioma)• Hodgkin's disease• Multiple myeloma• Respiratory cancers (lung, bronchus, larynx, trachea)• Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma• Prostate cancer• Acute and subacute peripheral neuropathy*• Type 2 diabetes• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
*Must become manifest to A degree of 10 percent orMore within a year after the last date on which the veteran was exposed to an Herbicide agent duringActive military, naval, or airService.
Atomic Veterans(Exposed to Ionizing Radiation)Participated in atmospheric nuclear testing; occupied or was a POW in Hiroshima or Nagasaki; service before 2/1/92 at a diffusion plant in Paducah, KY, Portsmouth, OH, or Oak Ridge, TN or service before 1/1/74 at Amchitka Island, AK:• All forms of leukemia (except for chronic lymphocytic leukemia)• Cancer of the thyroid, breast, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, bile ducts, gall bladder, salivary gland, urinary tract (renal pelves, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra), brain, bone, lung, colon, ovary• Bronchiole-alveolar carcinoma• Multiple myeloma• Lymphomas (other than Hodgkin's disease)• Primary liver cancer (except if cirrhosis or hepatitis B is indicated)
Gulf War Veterans(Undiagnosed Illness)Served in the SouthwestAsia Theater ofOperations during the Gulf War with condition at least 10 percent disabling by 12/31/11. Included are medically unexplained chronic multi-symptom illnesses defined by a cluster of signs or symptoms that have existed for six months or more, such as:• Chronic fatigue syndrome• Fibromyalgia• Irritable bowel syndrome• Any diagnosed or undiagnosed illness that the Secretary of Veteran Affairs determines warrants a presumption of service connection
Signs or symptoms of an undiagnosed illness include:Fatigue, skin symptoms, headaches, muscle pain, joint pain, neurological symptoms, respiratory symptoms, respiratory symptoms, sleep disturbance, GI symptoms, cardiovascular symptoms, weight loss, menstrual disorders
No presumptions may be invoked on the basis of the degree of advancement of the disease when first definitely found (after the presumptive period) to establish that the disease was present to the required extent during the applicable presumptive period. [38 CFR § 3.307(c)] This does not mean that the disease must be diagnosed during the presumptive period, only that there is acceptable evidence of characteristic manifestations of the disease to the required degree, followed without an unreasonable lapse of time by a definitive diagnosis. (Note, however, that the degree of advancement of a condition at the time it is first found may be a basis for finding that the condition was present but unrecognized while the veteran was still on active duty.)
There are special rules for establishing service connection for a hearing loss. Notwithstanding that no hearing loss is shown on entrance examination, and that while on active duty the veteran is diagnosed as having a hearing loss, service connection still may not be established for that hearing loss unless and until it meets the minimum levels set out in 38 CFR 3.385.
Service connection may not be established for transitory illnesses or superficial injuries, which resolve or heal with no ascertainable chronic or permanent residuals. [38 CFR § 3.303(b)] Simi¬larly, service connection may not be established for congenital or developmental defects such as a personality disorder or simple refractive error of the eye. [38 CFR §§ 3.303(c), 4.9] Service connection by aggravation may not be established if the pre-existing condition does not become permanently worse during or after service, except for conditions which become symptomatic during or immediately following combat or internment as a prisoner of war. [38 CFR § 3.306(b)(2)] Remedial treatment in service for a pre-existing condition will not establish service connection unless the treatment is unsuccessful or otherwise aggravates the condition. [38 CFR § 3.306(b)(1)] Service connection may not be established for any disease or injury which is not incurred or aggravated in line of duty, or which is either the direct or the remote result of the veteran's own willful misconduct. [38 CFR § 3.301(a)]
There is no minimum length of service required to establish direct service connection by incur¬rence or aggravation. Presumptive service connection for a chronic or tropical disease requires that the veteran have at least 90 consecutive days of active service during a wartime period or after January 31, 1946. [38 CFR § 3.307(a)(1)] Presumptions based on status as a prisoner of war require that the veteran have been held captive for at least 30 days, except for mental or emotional disorders (not dementias), residuals of frostbite, post-traumatic arthritis, hypertensive cardio¬vascular disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and their complications, including stroke, congestive heart failure, etc., which have no minimum length of captivity requirement. [38 CFR § 3.309(c)] Other presumptions require affirmative evidence that the veteran met (or meets) specific requirements such as to exposure, service at specified locales during specified times, etc.
Veterans may be eligible for disability compensation and health care benefits for diseases that VA has recognized as associated with exposure to Agent Orange and other herbicides:
Acute and Subacute Peripheral Neuropathy - A nervous system condition that causes numbness, tingling, and motor weakness. Under VA's rating regulations, it must be at least 10% disabling within 1 year of exposure to Agent Orange and resolve within 2 years after the date it began.
AL Amyloidosis - A rare disease caused when an abnormal protein, amyloid, enters tissues or organs. Chloracne (or Similar Acneform Disease) - A skin condition that occurs soon after exposure to chemicals and looks like common forms of acne seen in teenagers. Under VA's rating regulations, chloracne (or other acneform disease similar to chloracne) must be at least 10% disabling within 1 year of exposure to Agent Orange.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (Now Being Expanded to B Cell Leukemias) - A type of cancer which affects white blood cells. Currently, only chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a "presumptive" disease associated with Agent Orange exposure; however, on March 25, 2010, VA published a proposed regulation to establish B cell leukemias (includes chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia and others) as associated with Agent Orange exposure. Eligible Vietnam Veterans may receive disability compensation for other B cell leukemias when the regulation is final.
Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) - A disease characterized by high blood sugar levels resulting from the body's inability to respond properly to the hormone insulin.
Hodgkin's Disease - A malignant lymphoma (cancer) characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen, and by progressive anemia.
Ischemic Heart Disease - A disease characterized by a reduced supply of blood to the heart, that leads to chest pain. On March 25, 2010, VA published a proposed regulation that will establish ischemic heart disease as associated with Agent Orange exposure. Eligible Vietnam Veterans may receive disability compensation for this disease when the regulation is final.
Multiple Myeloma - A disorder which causes an overproduction of certain proteins from white blood cells. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma - A group of cancers that affect the lymph glands and other lymphatic tissue. Parkinson's Disease - A motor system condition with symptoms that include a trembling of the hands, imbalance, and loss of facial expression. On March 25, 2010, VA published a proposed regulation that will establish Parkinson's disease as associated with Agent Orange exposure. Eligible Vietnam Veterans may receive disability compensation for this disease when the regulation is final.
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda - A disorder characterized by liver dysfunction and by thinning and blistering of the skin in sun-exposed areas. Under VA's rating regulations, it must be at least 10% disabling within 1 year of exposure to Agent Orange.
Prostate Cancer - Cancer of the prostate; one of the most common cancers among men.
Respiratory Cancers - Cancers of the lung, larynx, trachea, and bronchus. Soft Tissue Sarcoma (other than Osteosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, or Mesothelioma)A group of different types of cancers in body tissues such as muscle, fat, blood and lymph vessels, and connective tissues.
Asbestos fibers are inhaled or ingested which causes cancer where the fibers settle, usually in the lungs, pharyngolaryngeal, bronchial, gastrointestinal, or urogenital.
Asbestos is another risk factor for lung cancer. People who work with asbestos have a higher risk of getting lung cancer. If they smoke as well, the risk is greatly increased. Although asbestos was used for many years, the government has now nearly stopped its use in the workplace and in home products. While it is still present in many buildings, it is not thought to be harmful as long as it is not released into the air.
Need lots of research, If, When, and Which ships had asbestos at the time the Veteran was on board and have the Veteran write a statement describing their (rate) specialty and how they were in proximity to the asbestos.How it was used:
Widely used in WWII.Strengthens cement and plastics.Insulation.Fireproofing.Aboard ships, boilers, steam pipes and hot water pipes.Friction products – brake linings, gaskets, clutch.
all forms of leukemia (except for chronic lymphocytic leukemia).cancer of the thyroid, breast, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, bile ducts, gall bladder, salivary gland, urinary tract (renal, pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra), brain, bone, lung, colon, and ovary, bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma, multiple myeloma, lymphomas (other than Hodgkin's disease), and primary liver cancer (except if cirrhosis or hepatitis B is indicated).
Combat – This is any action against an enemy of the USA.
Sexual –This is an event of human design that threatens or inflicts harm, such as rape, physical assault, domestic battering, robbery, mugging, and stalking.
Life threatening situations – These circumstances may include natural disasters such as fires, floods, earthquakes; vehicular or plane crashes. It may not be limited to a single dramatic incident but may be duty in a burn unit, a grave registration unit, or in the liberation of POW camps.
To be service connected you must:
Have medical evidence establishing a clear diagnosis of the condition,Credible supporting evidence that the claimed in-service stressor actually occurred, and a nexus (link) established by medical evidence between current problems or symptoms and the claimed stressor.
Qualifying chronic disability – must have appeared during active duty or at least 10% during the presumptive period.Undiagnosed illnesses.Fatigue.Skin disorder.Headaches.Muscle pain.Joint pain.Neurological symptoms.Neuropsychological symptoms.Symptoms involving the respitory system.Sleep disturbances.Gastrointestinal symptoms.Abnormal weight loss.Menstural disorder.2 or more of the combines above issues.
1. (Unless otherwise specified, when section or chapter is mentioned in this part, it is referencing Title 38, United States Code.)
a. Benefits. "Benefits" available to veterans and their dependents authorized by laws administered by the VA.
b. Veteran. "Veteran" means person who served in the active military, naval, or air service, and who was discharged or released there from under conditions other than dishonorable. (Sec. 101(2), 1301)
c. Veteran of Any War. "Veteran of any war" means any veteran who served in the active military, naval, or air service during a period of war. (Sec. 101 (12))
d. Active Military, Naval, or Air Service. "Active military, naval, or air service" includes active duty; any period of active duty for training during which the individual concerned was disabled or died from a disease or injury incurred or aggravated in line of duty; and any period of inactive duty training during which the individual concerned was disabled or died from an injury incurred or aggravated in line of duty or from an acute myocardial infarction, a cardiac arrest, or a cerebrovascular accident which occurred during such training. (Sec. 101 (24))
e. Compensation. "Compensation" means a monthly payment made to the veteran because of a service-connected disability or to a [surviving] spouse, child or dependent parent of a veteran because of a service-connected death occurring before January 1, 1957. (Sec. 101(13))
f. Dependency and Indemnity Compensation. "Dependency and Indemnity Compensation" means a monthly payment made to a surviving spouse, child or parent because of a service-connected death occurring after December 31, 1956, or the election in the case of such a death occurring before January 1, 1957. (Sec. 101 (14))
g. Pension. "Pension" is a monthly or (other periodic payment) payment to a wartime veteran because of service, age or (nonservice-connected disability), or to a surviving spouse or child of a veteran because of the nonservice-connected death of the veteran. (Sec. 101 (15))
h. Service Connected. "Service connected" means with respect to disability or death, that such disability was incurred in or aggravated during service, or the death resulted from a disability incurred or aggravated in line of duty in the active military, naval, or air service. (Sec. 101 (16))
i. Nonservice Connected. "Nonservice connected" means with respect to disability or death, that such disability was not incurred or aggravated, or that the death did not result from a disability incurred or aggravated, in line of duty in the active military, naval, or air service. (Sec. 101 (17))
j. Preservation of Disability Ratings. A disability, which has been continuously rated at or above any evaluation of disability for 20 or more years for compensation purposes, will not be reduced to less than such evaluation except upon a showing that such a rating was based on fraud. Likewise, a rating of permanent total disability for pension purposes, which has been in force for 20 or more years, will not be reduced except upon a showing that the rating was based on fraud. The 20-year period will be computed from the effective date of the evaluation to the effective date of reduction of evaluation. Service connection for any disability or death which has been in effect for 10 or more years will not be severed except upon a showing that the original grant was based on fraud, or it is clearly shown from military records that the person concerned did not have the requisite service or character of discharge. The 10-year period will be computed from the effective date of the finding of service connection to the effective date of the rating decision severing service connection. The protection afforded in this section extends to claims for dependency and indemnity compensation or death pension. (Secs. 110, 1159, 5112; 38 CFR 3.951, 3.957)
k. Line of Duty. Injury or disease incurred on active duty, including authorized leave, unless such injury or disease was the result of the veteran's own willful misconduct. (Sec. 105; 38 CFR 3.1, 3.301)
l. Willful Misconduct. An act involving deliberate or intentional wrongdoing with knowledge of, or wanton and reckless disregard of, its probable consequences.
A claimant has one year from the date of the notification of a VA decision to file an appeal. The first step in the appeal process is for a claimant to file a written notice of disagreement with the VA regional office or medical center that made the decision.
Following receipt of the written notice, VA will furnish the claimant a "Statement of the Case" describing what facts, laws and regulations were used in deciding the case. To complete the request for appeal, the claimant must file a "Substantive Appeal" within 60 days of the mailing of the Statement of the Case, or within one year from the date VA mailed its decision, whichever period ends later.
Board of Veterans' Appeals -
The Board of Veterans' Appeals makes decisions on appeals on behalf of the Secretary of Veterans Affairs. Although it is not required, a veterans service organization, an agent or an attorney may represent a claimant. Appellants may present their case in person to a member of the Board at a hearing in Washington, D.C., at a VA regional office or by videoconference.
U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims -
A final Board of Veterans' Appeals decision that does not grant a claimant the benefits desired may be appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims, an independent court, not part of the Department of Veterans Affairs
(The pass may be issued to U.S. Citizens or permanent residents of the U.S., regardless of age, that have been medically determined to have a permanent disability that severely limits one or more major life activities.)
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Active duty means full-time service:
a. In the Armed Forces. (Other than active duty for training.)
b. Service as a cadet at the US Military, Air Force, or Coast Guard Academy; or as a midshipman at the U. S. Naval Academy.
c. Travel time authorized to report for duty is included in active duty. (Sec. 101 (21))
"Active duty for training" means:
a. Reservists on full-time duty for training purposes in the Armed Forces.
b. Full-time duty for training purposes performed by a commissioned officer of the Reserve Corps of the Public Health service on or after July 29, 1945, or before that date under circumstances affording entitlement to full military benefits, or at any time for purposes of Dependency and Indemnity Compensation (DIC);
c. Members of the National Guard or Air National Guard of any state, performing full-time training duty, under title 32, 316, 502, 503, 504, or 505, or the prior corresponding provisions of law;
d. Annual training duty by a member of a Senior ROTC (Reserve Officers' Training Corps) program when the member is ordered to duty for the purpose of field training or a practice cruise for a period of not less than 4 weeks. A "senior" ROTC program is a 2- or 4-year program at the college or university level.
e. Including travel to and from such duty (Sec. 101 (22)).
"Inactive duty training" means
a. Duty, other than full-time duty, prescribed for Reservists, including commissioned officers of the Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service by the Secretary concerned under 37 USC 206 or any other provision of law;
b. Special additional duties authorized for Reservists including commissioned officers of the Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service, performed by them on "a voluntary" basis;
c. Training other than active duty for training by a member of or applicant for membership in the Senior Reserve Officers' Training Corps prescribed under chapter 103 of title 10, United States Code;
d. Inactive duty training does not include work or study performed in connection with correspondence courses, attendance at an educational institution in an inactive status, or duty performed as a temporary member of the Coast Guard Reserve. (Sec. 101 (23));
e. Travel time authorized to perform active duty for training or inactive duty for training includes authorized travel to and from such duty. (Sec. 106 (e), Op. G.C. 1-64).


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Three new national polls show President Barack Obama is taking the lead over Republican candidate Mitt Romney in two major battleground states.
The polls conducted by NBC News, The Wall Street Journal, and Marist College show Obama taking a drastic lead in Ohio while also winning over Florida and Virginia. Virginia and Florida are two battleground states that are crucial to Romney's campaign in winning the election.
All three surveys found that Obama had a one-point margin lead over Romney in Florida with 47 percent to 46 percent. Another poll conducted by Suffolk University also discovered the same favorable findings for Obama but with a three-point lead at 56 percent to 53 percent.
Within the past two weeks, over nine surveys have all reported that Obama continues to lead in percentage points over Romney. However, this week's surveys prove a smaller margin with a 1 to 3 percentage point difference in comparison to the previous polls at 3 to 9 percentage points.
Polls in Virginia also show the same close race with Obama leading 48 percent to Romney's 46 percent. A poll conducted by Roanoke College showed a much larger lead for the president with 47 percent to 39 percent. However, Roanoke's survey included a large amount of undecided voters and was administered over a longer period of time in comparison to other surveys.


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Pongracic: Competition and the Market Process
Recorded: Tuesday, June 18, 2013
Ivan Pongracic discusses the fundamentals of how competition enables the market process. Talk given on June 18, 2013 in Colorado Springs, CO.
Experts: Ivan Pongracic Jr.Type: TelevisionIssues: Antitrust, Competition, and Monopoly, Business, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy
Robert Higgs: Warfare, Welfare, and the State
Recorded: Tuesday, July 24, 2012
This presentation by Independent Institute Senior Fellow Robert Higgs was presented on July 24, 2012, at Mises University, sponsored by the Ludwig von Mises Institute, in Auburn, Alabama.
Experts: Robert HiggsType: TelevisionIssues: Bureaucracy and Government, Business, Corporate Welfare, Defense and Foreign Policy, Government Power, History (U.S), Political Ideology and Philosophy
Full Video of The Independent Institutes 25th Anniversary Gala for Liberty
Recorded: Tuesday, November 15, 2011
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Full Video of The Independent Institutes 2011 25th Anniversary Gala for Liberty held November 15, 2011.
Part 1: Introductory Remarks and Tribute to Robert Higgs
Part 2: Tribute to Mario Vargas Llosa
Part 3: History of The Independent Institute and Fund for the Future
Part 4: Tribute to Lech Walesa
Part 5: Special Tributes, Sponsors, and Credits
Experts: Leszek Balcerowicz, Price V. Fishback, Robert Higgs, Ron Paul, Jorge Quiroga, David J. Theroux, Archbishop Desmond M. Tutu, Mario Vargas Llosa, Lech Wałęsa, Yuri Yarim-AgaevType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Bureaucracy and Government, Business, Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Defense and Foreign Policy, Democracy, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Government Power, History (International), History (U.S), Latin America, Nationalism, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Politics, Privatization, Property Rights, Terrorism and National Crises


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The sensational story of disgraced New York Times journalist Jayson Blair will be told at this year's international plagiarism conference. Blair caused scandal at the newspaper in 2003 when he was discovered to have plagiarised the work of other reporters.
Extracts from documentary 'A Fragile Trust: Plagiarism, Power and Jayson Blair' will be screened at the 6IIPC in June. The film's director Samantha Grant will feature as a keynote speaker and will introduce the clips.
Register for the conference now.
We are delighted to launch the 6th International Integrity and Plagiarism Conference. The 2014 event will build on the conference's reputation as a forum for best practice, bringing together global expertise and experience.
The 6IIPC will seek to promote the importance of academic integrity as a way of life and reinforce the relevance of academic skills in the real world, where these values should be rewarded, applauded and celebrated.
We hope you can join us.


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Did you know that the black mamba is one of the fastest snakes in the world?
Related species for the Aulonocara Fort Maguire (Aulonocara hansbaenschi)
By Habitat
« Back to the Aulonocara Fort Maguire (Aulonocara hansbaenschi)
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Information on the crested duck is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly.…
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Tufted ducks (Aythya fuligula) are, indeed, tufted, although the drake has a more prominent crest than the female (duck). The specific…
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Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides)
As its name suggests, the Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) lacks a dorsal fin, and instead has a ridge that runs…
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Giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis)
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Intermediate egret (Mesophoyx intermedia)
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Fen raft spider (Dolomedes plantarius)
As well as being one of Britain's largest spiders, the fen raft spider (Dolomedes plantarius) is also one of the rarest. It is a…
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Barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis)
Information on the barnacle goose is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly.…
Black tern (Chlidonias niger)
A small, graceful tern species, the black tern is unmistakable during the breeding season, when it displays the distinctive dark plumage for…
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This beetle has the appearance of being sheathed in gold, but only, it seems, when photographed under certain lighting conditions. The edges…
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Gila topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis)
The Gila topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) is a small, silvery-tan to olive-coloured fish that is darker above, and yellowish to…
West Indian whistling-duck (Dendrocygna arborea)
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Asian short-clawed otter (Aonyx cinerea)
This charismatic mammal, equally at home in the water and on land, is the smallest of the world's otters. As well as its size, the…
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Andean flamingo (Phoenicoparrus andinus)
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Surviving the Population Bomb
Source: NIEHS.
The Population Bomb: How We Survived It
An April 1, 2011, News Release from the University of Michigan:
World population will reach 7 billion this year, prompting new concerns about whether the world will soon face a major population crisis.
"In spite of 50 years of the fastest population growth on record, the world did remarkably well in producing enough food and reducing poverty," said University of Michigan economist David Lam, in his presidential address at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America.
Lam is a professor of economics and a research professor at the U-M Institute for Social Research. The talk is titled "How the World Survived the Population Bomb: Lessons from 50 Years of Exceptional Demographic History."
In 1968, when Paul Ehrlich's book, "The Population Bomb," triggered alarm about the impact of a rapidly growing world population, growth rates were about 2 percent and world population doubled in the 39 years between 1960 and 1999.
According to Lam, that is something that never happened before and will never happen again.
"There is virtually no question that world population growth rates will continue to decline," said Lam. "The rate is only as high as it is because of population momentum, with many women of childbearing ages in developing countries because of rapid population growth in earlier decades."
Lam discussed a variety of factors that have worked together to reduce the impact of population increases. Among the economic forces, he cited the green revolution, started by Nobel prize-winner Norman Borlaug, that increased per capita world food production by 41 percent between 1960 and 2009.
"We've been through periods of absolutely unprecedented growth rates, and yet food production increased even faster than population and poverty rates fell substantially," he said.
The capacity of cities to absorb the growth in world population is another major reason that the world was able to double its population in the last 40 years without triggering mass starvation or increased poverty, Lam told the group. Along with urbanization, Lam pointed to the impact of continued declines in fertility and rising investments in the education and well-being of children.
Work Lam did in Brazil with ISR social demographer Leticia Marteleto shows a mean increase of 4.3 years of schooling among 16-17-year-olds from 1960 to 2000.
"This increase clearly involves more than just reductions in family size," Lam said. "For example, children with 10 siblings in 2000 have more schooling than children with one sibling in 1960.
"There is no Norman Borlaug of education to explain how schooling improved so much in developing countries during a period in which the school-age population was often growing at 3 percent or 4 percent a year. This is one of the accomplishments of the last 50 years that deserves to be noted and marveled about."
In conclusion, Lam told the group, "The challenges we face are staggering. But they're really nothing compared to the challenges we faced in the 1960s."
|Established in 1949, the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research is the world's largest academic social science survey and research organization, and a world leader in developing and applying social science methodology, and in educating researchers and students from around the world. ISR conducts some of the most widely cited studies in the nation, including the Thomson Reuters/University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers, the American National Election Studies, the Monitoring the Future Study, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the Health and Retirement Study, the Columbia County Longitudinal Study and the National Survey of Black Americans. ISR researchers also collaborate with social scientists in more than 60 nations on the World Values Surveys and other projects, and the institute has established formal ties with universities in Poland, China and South Africa. ISR is also home to the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, the world's largest digital social science data archive. Visit the ISR website at http://www.isr.umich.edu for more information.
Copyright © 2010 The Regents of the University of Michigan
Contact: Diane Swanbrow
Phone: (734) 647-4416
Related Categories: Institute for Social Research
Related Keywords: population


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Lessons from the Poor: The Power of Entrepreneurship
Recorded: Thursday, November 13, 2008
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Part 7
Part 8
Part 9
At this Policy Forum, Independent Institute Senior Fellow Alvaro Vargas Llosa, former Bolivian President Jorge Quiroga, economist William Easterly, and a group of policy experts discuss the findings of the book, Lessons from the Poor. The speakers examine real-world examples of entrepreneurship and why instead of redistributing existing wealth, governments should free people so that they can create it.
Experts: William R. Easterly, Alvaro Vargas LlosaType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Economic History and Development (International), Economic Policy
Fred Singer on Fox News on Global Warming
Recorded: Thursday, September 11, 2008
Dr. S. Fred Singer challenges the causes of global warming and weather changes in an interview with Fox News.
Experts: S. Fred SingerType: TelevisionIssues: Energy, Environment, Science


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Related Movies
|Release Date: August 25, 1995
|Running Time: 106 mins.
|MPAA Rating: R
|Box Office: $24,916,076.00
|Genre: Action, Comedy, Romance, Sequel, Western
Antonio Banderas
Salma Hayek
Joaquim De Almeida
Cheech Marin
All Cast & Crew >>
Summary:In this follow-up to the 1992 original, the Mariachi plunges headfirst into the dark border underworld when he follows a trail of blood to the last of the infamous Mexican druglords, Bucho, for an action-packed, bullet-riddled showdown. With the help of his best friend and a beautiful book store owner, the Mariachi tracks Bucho, takes on his army of desperados, and leaves a trail of blood of his own.


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Chancellor Angela Merkel promises to put poverty in Africa on the G8 agenda when she hosts the meeting in Germany in 2007
Click here to read more.
Click here to read more.
"Live 8 was, and remains a brilliant moment but what is more important is the brilliant movement of which it was a part. This gives the poorest of the poor real political muscle for the first time.
It is this movement of church people and trade unionists, soccer moms and student activists, that will carry the spirit of Live 8 on. It is this movement, not rock stars, that will make it untenable in the future to break promises to the most vulnerable people on this planet.
That was always why we put on the concerts."


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Marvel Comics
Dressing like a superhero is fun and Marvel Comic costumes are always some of the most popular. Marvel Comics include famous superheros like Spider-Man, the Avengers, and the X-Men. The Marvel Universe comic books and movies are extremely popular and that means there are lots of costumes to choose from. Kids and adults will get to dress up as their favorite character. Most of the costumes come in a range of models, too, that include simple budget versions and deluxe versions with more detail.
Guardians of the Galaxy Groot Costume for Boys
Captain America/Hulk 2-1 Reversible Kids Costume
Toddlers Avengers Assemble Iron Man Toddler Costume
Avengers Assemble Captain America Toddler Kids Costume
Toddlers Lil Wolverine Toddler Costume
Sexy Captain America Corset Women's Costume
Sexy Classic Captain America Sequin Corset Women's Costume
Deluxe Deadpool Muscle Chest Costume for Adults
Captain America Muscle Chest Dress Up Set
Boys Classic Thor Avengers Costume
Black Spiderman Muscle Chest Kids Costume
Hulk Muscle Chest Dress Up Set
Sassy Iron Man Lycra Mark 42 Bodysuit Costume
Adult Glam Spidergirl Women's Costume
American Dream Tutu Costume for Girls
Collector Marvel Universe Thor Costume for Adults
Deluxe Plus Size Women's Avengers Black Widow Costume
Theatrical Quality Plus Size Men's Avengers Captain America Costume
Theatrical Quality Men's Avengers Thor Costume
The Avengers are everywhere. There are movies for individual Avenger superheros and movies for the team. There's even a related television series. Who's your favorite Avenger? Is it Iron Man, Thor, Captain America, or the Hulk? Take your pick; there's a costume for you. For the villains, there's a Loki costume, among others. Spider-Man is so popular that he even has his own Broadway show. He's got a lot of costumes to pick from, too. From toddlers to adults, there a Spider-Man outfit to fit, not to mention accessories like web shooters.There are even alternate universe Spider-Man costumes, like the black Venom or the metallic-looking Iron Spider-Man suit. There are girl and women versions of this character, too. The Lizard costume is available as well.
X-Men mutants like Wolverine are not forgotten either. He's the practically invincible mutant with an adamantium skeleton, healing powers, and retractable metal claws. This makes him an especially fun character to dress as. Fans of X-Men villains aren't left out either. If you prefer to be the bad guy then the Gambit costume is a great option.


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You can view up to 10 active advanced bookings at one time if you are a member of The Marco Polo Club or Asia Miles. Non-members can view the booking related to their booking reference or eTicket number entered. However, you may not be able to view any cancelled bookings.
All sectors displayed are arranged by the order of flight departure dates (the flight departing on the earliest date will be displayed first).
You can view any flights on your booking on Manage Booking, provided there is at least one flight listed with a Dragonair or Cathay Pacific flight number.You may not be able to view the details of flights that are not listed with Dragonair or Cathay Pacific flight number.
You cannot use Manage Booking if
Your calendar will display all the information you need about your booking:
If you make changes to your booking after adding it to your calendar, remember to delete the old entries from your calendar. You can then save the updated calendar file and import it again.
Copyright © Hong Kong Dragon Airlines Limited 港龍航空有限公司


text:
this wiki
The gang has arrived to Fallarbor Town where May will have the 2nd Pokemon Contest. May imagines herself winning the contest where Brock and Ash support her. May sends her Beautifly to look for the building where she and Beautifly will do their performance. The gang arrives inside the building, while Brock is amazed by the girls inside.
May sees a Coordiantor meditating with her Pokemon. The Pokemon is a Medicham. A psychic force affects Max's glasses, making them float in air. And the force affects other objects and even Pokemon. Medicham stops with meditationg, so all objects fall down. The owner apologises for the event, so Brock goes to flirt with her, but Max takes him away. May aplogises and says Brock does it when he sees a beautiful girl, but the woman starts laughing.
Grace aplogises and introduces herself. During the night, Brock has cooked some food, to which Grace happily eats. Ash wonders if she won in any contests, so she shows 3 ribbons. May is discouraged, as the next one will be her 2nd. grace gives her some advice, but May has double-thoughts about entering the Contest at all. Grace will show her some attacks Medicham know to encourage her.
Medicham demonstrates - uses Ice Punch with Psychic, dazzling the view. May is thrilled, so she practices with Beautifly - it uses Silver Wind combined with Tackle. However, May corrects herself and orders to use Gust, but then orders String Shot. Beautifly has failed, so String Shot affects it. Drew appears, commenting on attack combinations. Drew asks her if she won any ribbons, but May becomes nervous. May asks him how many did he got, so he shows the case - there are 3 ribbons.
Jessie and James, disguised, ask a man who is passing by whether he wants to win Contests. They offer him a secret product, encouraging the man to ask them what that is - they are Pokeblocks. The man appears before Meowth, so he gives the man advice how to win the contests. Jessie and James appear before Meowth, disgusing themselves as customers. The man is shown gold and silver Pokeblocks, so Meowth throws a gold Pokeblock to Wobbuffet. Meowth distracts the man for a while and shows Wobbuffet, cooler. The man is convinced and happy, so he pays them to get the Pokeblocks. Jessie and James are happy that the plan worked - painting ordinary to gold and silver Pokeblocks.
Ash asks Max where May is, with Max responding that she is training her Beautifly. Brock is flirting with girls he crosses upon. Ash, Brock and Max see Drew and say that they cheer for May. Drew taunts Ash into a battle - Ash acepts the challenge. Ash's Taillow attacks Drew's Rosalia using Quick Attack. Rosalis uses Magical Leaf, but Taillow dodges the attack. Rosalis uses Petal Dance, but Taillow evades the attack. Taillow uses Peck, but Rosalia uses Stun Spore, so Taillow's attack is cancelled.
May witnesses Taillow being attacked by Rosalia. Taillow is hit by Stun Spore. Rosalis uses Solar Beam, defeating Taillow. Drew explaines why Ash lost - his Taillow was confused as he is, but the main part is teamwork. During night, May remembers what Grace and Drew told her. Next day, Team Rocket sell the fake Pokeblocks, as the customers are convinced to buy them. May realizes that if she were to give Beautifly the Pokeblock, she might win the Contest.
Grace appears, demanind from which berries are the Pokeblocks made of. She exposes the Team Rocket, as the Pokeblocks have no apparent origin, so tells May that a true Coordiantor would mix his/her own Pokeblocks. Team Rocket open the ballon and fly off, but steal the people's Pokemon. Meidchap uses Psychic, freeing itself and other Pokemon. Beautifly uses String Shot, grabbing the baloon. James sends Cacnea and uses Pin Missile, freeing themselves. Seviper is sent out and uses Poison Tail, but Medichap uses Jump Kick, kocking Seviper out. Cacnea uses Pin Missile, but Beautifly uses Tackle.
Medichap uses Ice Punch, blasting Team Rocket away. Grace praises May for the moves Beautifly used. The Contest is about to start - the Coordinators are in place, from which May, Drew and race are seen.
- Featured Pokemon: Magneton, Crobat, Geodude, Lanturn
- The English dub is a combination of the phrases "pros and cons" and "con artists"
- The gold and silver-colored Pokéblocks are references to the Pokémon Gold and Silver games.
- This was the most recent episode until Dressed for Jess Success! where James crossdressed, a span of over six years.
- This is one of the few episodes that Cacnea does not hug James straight after coming out of its Poké Ball.
- In the English dub, Drew stated "In a Pokémon Contest, you have to be on the same wavelength as your Pokémon..." In May's flashback of what Drew said, it was instead, "In battles, you have to be on the same wavelength as your Pokémon..."


text:
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text:
Discrimination Against Drug Users
The stigma associated with drug use and addiction has manifested itself in discriminatory policies that exclude people who use drugs or have drug convictions from many of the rights and opportunities many Americans take for granted. Although drug use and addiction pervade all categories of race, gender, class, and age, sensationalized media coverage of drug use has resulted in a popular but inhuman caricature of the typical drug user or addict.
Pervasive media portrayals that demonize people who use drugs have spawned policies that systematically discriminate against drug users. The taboo associated with drug use is so widespread that even many people who support drug policy reform hold negative assumptions about people whose drug use they consider abusive.
One of DPA's highest priorities is to end discrimination against all drug users by reducing the stigma associated with drug use and advocating compassionate, judgment-free approaches to addiction and incarceration.


text:
After months of not really visiting this forum I got a sudden urge to draw a map again. And just as luck would have it, I saw a Lite challenge which piqued my interest... And would end very soon.
So, I got to work and decided to try a one-day map: no precisely drawn out towns and borders but a more painterly impression. Since others were already doing continents, lakes and caves I wanted to do something else: I decided the blob was the outline of the impact field of a tight cluster of astroids.
And so the great Ya'gan astroid impact of 2013 came about. I'm sure the inhabitants are not very grateful.
### Latest WIP ###
I will first make a 'before' map, then redraw it after the impact. It's likely that I won't be in time for the challenge, but it's still good practice!
Feedback and critique always very welcome, but keep in mind this is supposed to be a quick map, and not a refined masterpiece
Hey, that's really beautiful work!
Thanks, Diamond! I'm currently considering whether I want to label my cities/regions/rivers... Hmm.
Okay, well that's the coolest before/after map I've seen ... that I can remember ... ever.
Aw, thanks, that's such a sweet compliment! Every time I look at it I see more things that need to be fixed... But I'll leave that for another day
It look really cool ! Even better than Chashio's rat
Thanks! I did consider simply drawing a giant rat attacking a village, hehehe.
I think I just got a wrinkle from laughing too hard.


text:
For nearly 10 years, Maine Maritime Academy in Castine has been concentrating on research and development. And today, those efforts got a big boost: a $1.4 million grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation. As Jennifer Mitchell reports, the money will be used to support research into tackling one of the most pressing environmental issues for the marine industry worldwide: air pollution.
With the Environmental Protection Agency cracking down on emissions this year, much of the focus has been on the pollution caused by coal-fired power plants. And it's not hard to find an auto company rolling out its next generation hybrid.
But less attention has been paid to fishing boats, cruise ships, and freighters that traverse the world's marine highways. Richard Kimball, a professor with Maine Maritime Academy, says the primary fuel used by ships is not known for being very green.
"The marine diesels are of lower grade than what you'd find on trucks on the roads," he says. "They tend to burn the heavier fuels. They're less expensive, but they also tend to burn dirtier."
Marine diesel is high in sulphur, says Kimball, and sulphur emissions are linked to acid rain, as well as respiratory ailments in port towns. And marine engines are responsible for about 5 percent of the world's total heat-producing carbon emissions. That's more than any single country in the European Union.
Kimball says trying to get ships to go green is challenging because most were built to burn "dirty" fuel and nothing else. But in 2011, the International Maritime Organization - that's an industry group formed under the United Nations - agreed to a crack-down on the air pollution caused by ships.
The goal is to cut such emissions by 30 percent over the next two decades. New ships would need to feature more efficient and cleaner-burning designs. But for ships already built, says Darrell Donahue, director of research at MMA, the way forward isn't so clear.
"People worldwide are trying to play catch up, and there are a number of ways that you can do that," he says. "You can retrofit engines, but engines and ships are fairly large, they're fairly expensive, so it's very difficult to do that. So, another way to do that is leave the engine that you have in place, and maybe modify the fuel."
Enter Maine Maritime Academy. Bolstered by the check for $1.4 million, the school plans to launch a new Marine Engine Testing and Emissions Laboratory, known for short as METEL. President William Brennan says while the school has a more than 70-year history training students how to be merchant mariners, its desire to lead science and technical innovation shouldn't come as a surprise.
"It's a natural evolution as time has passed, as the industries that we work in have become more sensitive to the needs for efficiency, and also for emissions reduction and the like," he says. "It's natural that a college like this would be exploring those kinds of areas."
Among projects to be tested at the new lab are fuel additives that can reduce emissions while keeping the same low-cost diesel currently in use; hydrogen-injected fuels, forest biomass fuels, and ways to convert waste heat into usable energy.
But all of this will come at a cost. The U.S. Department of Transportation is kicking in $1.4 million in the first year, with another grant to follow in the next, which is expected to be about the same amount. All of the money will be used to fund the program.
But it won't help build any infrastructure, says Brennan, and the lab doesn't have a permanent home yet. "We're basically doing sophisticated research in buildings that were built in the 1860's," he says.
MMA is hoping to put its research labs in its new ABS Center for Engineering, Science, and Research, scheduled for construction next year. That building isn't completely paid for yet. The school is looking for $4.5 million from the state in a bond issue that will appear as Question #4 on the November 2013 ballot.
With or without that state money, the lab is going ahead, says Brennan. But he says without 21st century infrastructure, it's going to be difficult to solve 21st century problems.


text: Thesis and Dissertation Manual can be found here. UAH LaTeX Thesis Files UAH LaTeX Thesis Files provided by Mr. Matthew Turner, UAH Modeling & Simulation Department. The year 2008 was the last date the Graduate Office made major changes to the thesis template. Use the Masters (2008) or the PHD (2008), depending on your program. The .rar files can be uncompressed with a free program called WinRAR. Explanation The main file is thesis.tex ... it controls all of the others. The file "uahdis.sty" is the style file that Mr. Turner wrote. The file thesis.pdf was written using the template, and it describes the template (like a "read me" file). The template forces a file structure which works well for writing a thesis/dissertation, and encourages the writer to be a little organized in the way that he/she assembles the document. If you prefer a free-form template, then this one might not be for you. This is an organized file-structure-driven template. LaTeX software recommendation: Mr. Turner highly recommends the LaTeX variant called, "MikTeX" and the LaTeX editor called "WinEdt". Feel free to contact Matthew Turner with any questions or issues at email@example.com.


text:
Program Options
- You may choose any major. Although many pre-med students major in biology or chemistry, fields such as psychology, English, or history are also appropriate. Regardless of your major, you will take introductory biology and chemistry courses in your first year.
- GPA and MCAT scores are important for acceptance into medical school, but they are not the only factor. Your college GPA should be 3.65 or higher, particularly in your science courses.
- There are a variety of medical professions you might choose to pursue. At Dordt, we have specific programs and advisors for M.D., osteopathic medicine, dentistry, optometry, pharmacy, podiatry, chiropractic, physician assistant, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and medical technology. Which one you choose will depend on your particular interests and abilities. Many of the college-level requirements are similar, so it is possible to explore these options during your freshmen or sophomore year before focusing on a particular profession.
- A student-run Future Physicians Club sponsored by a local physician will help you get to know other pre-med students. Members help each other with course planning, MCAT preparation, and medical school applications. The club brings in practicing doctors, current medical school students, and medical school recruiters, to learn more about the profession and give helpful advice. It also organizes volunteer activities in which you can participate.
- An active pre-medical advisory committee will help you meet application deadlines, choose your courses, select the appropriate medical school, and write recommendations for you. Members of this committee stay up-to-date on new developments in admission procedures to professional schools.
- For an extensive summary of information you will want to know to prepare for a medical career, check the advising tips on our notes page.
- Make plans to visit campus and speak to our pre-medical advisor, Dr. Carl Fictorie, about your professional interests. He will work closely with you to plan your program. You can also call or email for more information: (712) 722-6283 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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