text:
Upgrading 1.6.5 to 1.7
From Joomla! Documentation
Joomla! 1.7 is the first major Joomla! release that aims to provide users with a seamless method for easily updating their sites, without any difficult, or time consuming upgrade processes. With the new 6 Month Release Cycle from the Joomla! Project, sequential Joomla! versions will be easily updated in your site. There are several methods you can use to upgrade your site, three to be exact. We'll take a look at each one of them starting with the easiest one, and ending with the most involved method. These methods are only for current 1.6 users. If your Joomla! site is on 1.5.x, take a look at this tutorial that will walk you through migrating your site from 1.5 to 1.7
Update Manager (recommended for most users)
The new update manager in Joomla! 1.6 has been utilized to provide "one click updates" for Joomla! users. In order to perform this operation, Joomla! users will have to already be on the latest Joomla! 1.6 version (1.6.5). For those users already using Joomla! 1.6.5, the following steps will easily update your site to 1.7.0.
|If you are not using this latest version, use this tutorial to get from your current 1.6 version, to 1.6.5.
Log in to your Joomla! administrator control panel (www.example.com/administrator), and access the Extensions > Extensions Manager option in your administration menu. From here, go to the Update tab. You should see a list of available updates for Joomla!, and any additional components that use the new update method. If there are no updates listed there, simply click the Purge Cache button in the top right toolbar, then click the Find Updates button to refresh the list of available updates. You should now see an item in the list to update your site to Joomla! 1.7
|If you still don't see an upgrade option there, use the process described in the next section.
To update your site, simply check the box next to the 1.7 update option, and click Update!
Installation Manager
If you aren't yet comfortable with using the Update Manager to update your site, you're still ok! There are more easy options to update your site. The second method to update your Joomla! 1.6.5 site to 1.7.0 is to use the extension installer, just as if you were installing a component, module, plugin, or template in your site. This method is specially handy for users updating localized distributions made available by Language Communities.
To update your site using this method, first, download the update package from JoomlaCode. The 1.6.5 > 1.7.0 package can be found here.
|If you are not currently on Joomla! 1.6.5, use this tutorial to update your site to 1.6.5, then resume the process of updating to 1.7
After you download the update package, access your Joomla! installer by logging in to your adminstrator control panel, and navigating to the Extensions > Extension Manager option in your administrator menu. From here you can select the file you just downloaded, and install it. The Joomla! installer will upload the package, and install it, making any changes to files or the database as needed.
Manual Upload/Installation
The last method available to update your site, involves a little more technical expertise, and should probably only be used if the previous methods won't work due to a highly complex site or hosting issues (shared hosting for example). As usual back-up your site and your database. For most Joomla! sites, the first two methods will successfully update your site. However, updating is still fairly easily, and should not be a problem.
Before you begin, go to global configuration and on the server tab and in the Database Settings area find the database table prefix used by your site.
To update your site manually, you will need to download the 1.6.5 > 1.7.0 update package from JoomlaCode. You can download it here. Unpack the package and you will find two zip files in it. You will only need the large zip file called Joomla_1.7.0-Stable-Update_Package.zip for your update. Using an ftp client, upload the zip file to your server into the root directory of your website, and unpack the files. This will over-write any modified files with new, updated files for 1.7.0. Alternatively, you can unpack the Joomla_1.7.0-Stable-Update_Package.zip on your local computer, then copy the un-packed files into your websites root, overwriting the modified files.
After unpacking the files to your website you need to manually delete the files and folders listed in administrator/components/com_admin/script.php.
This is the list of files:
- /templates/atomic/css/blueprint/src/blueprintcss-0-9-1-cheatsheet-3-5-3-gjms.pdf
- /administrator/manifests/packages/joomla.xml
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/css/rounded.css
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/css/norounded.css
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_corner_bl.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_header_right_rtl.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_crn_br_dark.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_crn_br_black.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_crn_tr_black.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_crn_bl_dark.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_crn_tr_med.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_crn_bl_light.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_header_right.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_crn_br_light.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_crn_tl_black.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_crn_bl_black.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_crn_tr_dark.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_crn_bl_med.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_header_left.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_crn_tl_med.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_crn_tl_dark.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_crn_br_med.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_crn_tl_light.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_crn_tr_light.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_corner_br.png
- /administrator/templates/bluestork/images/j_header_left_rtl.png
- /administrator/templates/hathor/html/com_modules/module/modal.php
- /administrator/templates/hathor/html/com_modules/module/edit_assignment.php
- /administrator/templates/hathor/html/com_menus/item/edit_modules.php
- /administrator/templates/hathor/html/com_menus/items/default_batch.php
- /administrator/templates/hathor/html/com_languages/language/edit.php
- /administrator/templates/hathor/html/com_content/article/edit_metadata.php
- /administrator/templates/hathor/html/com_categories/category/edit_metadata.php
- /administrator/templates/hathor/html/com_categories/categories/default_batch.php
- /administrator/components/com_menus/models/forms/item_options.xml
- /administrator/language/overrides/xx-XX.override.ini
- /administrator/help/helpsites-16.xml
- /administrator/help/en-GB/Components_Content_Categories_Edit.html
- /administrator/help/en-GB/Components_Weblinks_Categories_Edit.html
- /administrator/help/en-GB/Components_Newsfeeds_Categories_Edit.html
- /administrator/help/en-GB/Components_Banners_Categories_Edit.html
- /administrator/help/en-GB/Components_Contact_Categories_Edit.html
- /media/editors/codemirror/css/docs.css
- /media/editors/tinymce/jscripts/tiny_mce/tiny_mce_gzip.js
- /media/editors/tinymce/jscripts/tiny_mce/tiny_mce_gzip.php
- /media/editors/tinymce/jscripts/tiny_mce/plugins/media/css/content.css
- /media/mod_languages/images/ta.gif
- /libraries/joomla/config.php
- /libraries/joomla/import.php
- /libraries/joomla/version.php
And these folders:
- /plugins/authentication/example
- /plugins/user/example
- /plugins/content/example
- /plugins/extension/example
- /administrator/templates/hathor/html/com_modules/select
- /administrator/templates/hathor/html/com_media
- /administrator/templates/hathor/html/mod_popular
- /administrator/templates/hathor/html/mod_status
- /administrator/templates/hathor/html/mod_latest
- /administrator/components/com_weblinks/helpers/html
- /media/editors/tinymce/jscripts/tiny_mce/plugins/pagebreak/css
- /media/editors/tinymce/jscripts/tiny_mce/plugins/pagebreak/img
- /media/editors/tinymce/jscripts/tiny_mce/plugins/example
After you have done this you need to manually update your site's database. To do so locate the file installation/sql/mysql/joomla_update_17ga.sql, or the files /administrator/components/com_admin/sql/updates/mysql/1.7.0-2011-06-06.sql and administrator/components/com_admin/sql/updates/mysql/1.7.0-2011-06-06-2.sql.
As of July 16th 2011 the file(s) contains:
ALTER TABLE `#__languages` ADD COLUMN `ordering` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 AFTER `published`; ALTER TABLE `#__languages` ADD INDEX `idx_ordering` (`ordering`);
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `#__associations` ( `id` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL COMMENT 'A reference to the associated item.', `context` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL COMMENT 'The context of the associated item.', `key` CHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT 'The key for the association computed from an md5 on associated ids.', PRIMARY KEY `idx_context_id` (`context`, `id`), INDEX `idx_key` (`key`) ) DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Inside you will find parts like
#__languages and
#__associations. Replace the pound sign and the first underscore (
#_) with your database tables prefix. By default this is
jos. If you didn't get the prefix before starting, open your site's configuration.php and search for
$dbprefix. The string inside the single quotes behind it is what you're looking for. So you need to change
#__languages to
jos_languages and so on.
Once you've done this go to your site's phpmyadmin (or any way you usually manage your database) and open the database your site uses. There will be a tab called SQL, open this. Paste the content of your modified joomla_update_17ga.sql inside the text area and press go.
Your site is now updated to Joomla 1.7.


text: A sprinkling of high-quality salt can make any dish simply sing. For its flavorful finishing salts, Jacobsen Salt Co. gathers water from pristine Netarts Bay, on the rugged Oregon coastline. Using custom methods perfected by company founder Ben Jacobsen, the water is slowly evaporated until it naturally forms light, delicate salt crystals, which are hand harvested, dried and mixed with fragrant Pinot Noir from Oregon's Willamette Valley, a region prized for its classic French-style wines. The medium to large flakes have a deep ruby hue and a bright, complex mineral flavor balanced by the wine's earthiness and fruit. It's a natural with steak and burgers, but also delicious over pastas and roasted mushrooms.The salt is sold separately or as a set with a Jacobsen logo-stamped stoneware salt cellar, hand thrown by a small ceramics studio in Portland using local clay and food-safe, lead-free glazes.

subset: commoncrawl


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{{ link.description }}
Every day brings a new set of investment challenges and opportunities. We bring together unique global insight, expertise and innovation to keep our clients ahead of tomorrow.
A Word About Risk: Because each Fund pursues its own unique investment objectives, each Fund has its own set of risks which are fully discussed in its prospectus. In order to achieve their investment objectives, some Funds may at times use certain types of investment derivatives, such as options, futures, forwards and swaps. These instruments involve risks different from, and in certain cases, greater than, the risks presented by more traditional investments. For Funds that can invest in foreign securities, which may include emerging markets securities, risks may be magnified due to changes in foreign exchange rates and the possibility of substantial volatility due to political and economic uncertainties in foreign countries. Portfolios that hold a smaller number of securities may be more volatile than more diversified portfolios.
Short Sale Risk: The Strategy may not always be able to close out a short position on favorable terms. Short sales involve the risk that the Strategy will incur a loss by subsequently buying a security at a higher price than the price at which it sold the security short. The amount of such loss is theoretically unlimited (since it is limited only by the increase in value of the security sold short by the Strategy.) In contrast, the risk of loss from a long position is limited to the Strategy's investment in the long position, since its value cannot fall below zero. Short selling is a form of leverage. To mitigate leverage risk, the Strategy will always hold liquid assets (including its long positions) at least equal to its short position exposure, marked-to-market daily.
Funds that invest in small-cap and mid-cap stocks are often more volatile than large-cap stocks—smaller companies generally face higher risks due to their limited product lines, markets and financial resources. Funds that invest in real estate are subject to a variety of factors affecting the real estate market, such as economic conditions, mortgage rates and availability, which can cause the value of such investments to decline. REITs may have additional risks due to limited diversification and the impact of tax law changes.
As of January 31, 2009, Class B shares are no longer available for purchase by new investors. For additional information, see the Fund's current prospectus.
© 2014 Morningstar, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The information contained herein: (1) is proprietary to Morningstar; (2) may not be copied or distributed; and (3) is not warranted to be accurate, complete or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information.
Past performance is no guarantee of future results. For each fund with at least a three-year history, Morningstar calculates a Morningstar RatingTM based on a Morningstar Risk-Adjusted Return measure that accounts for variation in a fund's monthly performance (including the effects of sales charges, loads, and redemption fees), placing more emphasis on downward variations and rewarding consistent performance. The top 10% of funds in each category receive 5 stars, the next 22.5% receive 4 stars, the next 35% receive 3 stars, the next 22.5% receive 2 stars and the bottom 10% receive 1 star. (Each share class is counted as a fraction of one fund within this scale and rated separately, which may cause slight variations in the distribution percentages.) The Overall Morningstar Rating for a fund is derived from a weighted average of the performance figures associated with its three-, five- and ten-year (if applicable) Morningstar Rating metrics.
Investors should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses of the Fund/Portfolio carefully before investing. For copies of our prospectus or summary prospectus, which contain this and other information, click here or contact your AllianceBernstein Investments representative. Please read the prospectus and/or summary prospectus carefully before investing.
AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc. (ABI) is the distributor of the AllianceBernstein family of mutual funds. ABI is a member of FINRA and is an affiliate of AllianceBernstein L.P., the manager of the funds.
AllianceBernstein mutual funds may be offered only to persons in the United States and by way of a prospectus. This website should not be considered a solicitation or offering of any investment products or services to investors residing outside of the United States.
Investment Products Offered:
Are Not FDIC Insured | May Lose Value | Are Not Bank Guaranteed
AllianceBernstein® and the AB Logo are registered trademarks and service marks used by permission of the owner, AllianceBernstein L.P.
©2012 AllianceBernstein L.P.
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text:
Waterloo, IL (KSDK) - The jury that convicted a Columbia, Illinois man of murdering his wife and their two children, has decided Chris Coleman will be eligible for the death penalty under Illinois law.
"Phase two" of the trial began at 10:00 a.m. Friday.
Once the jurors met, it took them just 20 minutes to reach their decision about eligibility. It was announced shortly after noon.
Lawyers in the case told jurors that they must consider three factors in determining if Coleman is eligible for death: premeditated, young victims, multiple murder.
The prosecution argued the case met all three factors.
"How could it be more premeditated?" Special prosecutor with the State of Illinois Ed Parkinson, asked the jury. "Thought he (Coleman) was so smart, all he had to deal with was little Columbia Police Department. Well, he learned differently."
Defense attorney John O'Gara had a much more somber tone, than what was used during the trial.
"You are now a jury of one," O'Gara said to the jury. "You are not required to reach a unanimous verdict. Your verdict from here on out, no matter what, is going to be respected."
O'Gara also told the jurors he knew it was hard and heart-throbbing.
Parkinson responded and said, "When they went to bed, May 4th, there were four hearts throbbing, beating and the only one left is his." Then, he pointed at Coleman.
He went on and urged the jury to let Sheri and the boys, Gavin and Garett, celebrate Mother's Day.
"Don't let him beat this part," Parkinson said. Sheri and the kids deserve you to say this guy meets the eligibility to be put to death."
"The verdict is not just a reflection on him," O'Gara said. "Also reflects on who you are."
The jury will meet again on Monday for the third and final phase and decide between life in prison and death for Coleman. Before making that decision, jurors will hear from the victim's family and Coleman's family, as well as other witnesses.
Parkinson said his team will do everything they can to convince the jury to sentence Coleman to death, despite the fact that Illinois will no longer have a death penalty come July 1. Governor Pat Quinn has said he will commute a death sentence.
"If there was ever a reason for a death penalty I think it would be for a father who murdered his wife and two defenseless young boys, innocent as they are, in their beds," said Parkinson.
Guilty verdict
Chris Coleman was found guilty of three counts of first-degree murder on the second anniversary of the deaths of his wife, Sheri, and their two sons, Gavin and Garett.
The verdict came on the second day of deliberations. Earlier Thursday, the jury had asked the judge for the definition of "reasonable doubt" and requested to see the window from the Coleman home.
A crowd had gathered outside the courthouse prior to the verdict being read. Those people erupted in cheers when the verdict was made public.
When the jurors came out of the courthouse to head back home, the crowd clapped for them as well.
"That's all I ever wanted was the truth," said Sheri Coleman's brother Mario DeCicco. "Now the whole world knows what the truth is."
"Justice was done for Sheri," said DeCicco who also said he felt his sister helped with the conviction through text messages she sent to friends that were read to the jury that told of her troubled marriage.
"My sister practically testified in the courtroom," said DeCicco.
"Every lead we investigated pointed back to the same person, and that person was found guilty tonight of murdering Sheri, Garett and Gavin Coleman," said Columbia Police Chief Joe Edwards.
Meanwhile, two of Sheri Coleman's best friends, Meegan Turnbeaugh and Kathy Laplante, said they were waiting for this moment. They exited the courtroom Thursday crying and hugging, overwhelmed with emotion. They had a plan to hand out bracelets in honor of Sheri's memory, but unfortunately they couldn't execute that plan.
Laplante was so overwhelmed with the verdict, she fell feet first down a flight of stairs, tumbling on her head. She was conscious and alert but had to be transported to the hospital to be checked out. She was seen being carried out of the courthouse on a stretcher wearing a neck brace.
Chris Coleman's family left the courthouse Thursday without offering comment.
Jurors spent five hours deliberating on Wednesday and wrapped at 8:00 p.m. The jury began its second day of deliberations at 10:00 a.m. Thursday before reaching a verdict shortly before 7 p.m.
"That was the longest wait of my life," said Chief Edwards.
During the trial, the defense repeatedly told the jury there was reasonable doubt in the case and that no physical evidence linked Coleman to the murders.
Prosecutors claimed Coleman strangled his wife and their two sons at their Columbia, Illinois home on May 5, 2009. They said he did it because he wanted to be with his mistress and feared he could lose his job in security for Joyce Meyer Ministries if he divorced his wife.
When police arrived at the Coleman home after the murders, they found a back window open.
Rick Sawdey, who works for the company that made the windows, testified that the window was not damaged and that the window has a forced entry resistance mechanism that prevents anyone from entering from the outside. He said there was no damage to the locks and it did not appear to have ever been forcefully opened.


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X-FAB Reports Strong Growth in First Half of 2006Erfurt, Germany, 8月 31, 2006.
X-FAB Semiconductor Foundries AG, a leading manufacturer of analog/mixed-signal integrated circuits, has closed the first half of 2006 with a significant increase in sales and operating results.
Consolidated sales were 89.7 million Euro (110.2 million US$), an increase of 16 percent compared to the first six months of 2005.
X-FAB's operating results more than doubled compared to the same period last year to 11.0 million Euro. Net profits increased by 25 percent to 9.3 million Euro, from 7.4 million Euro.
X-FAB's book-to-bill-ratio, the ratio of orders received to orders billed, was 1.10 for the first half of 2006. The company expects continued positive development for the second half of the fiscal year.
The agreements signed in March 2006 for X-FAB's merger with 1st Silicon Sdn. Bhd., a semiconductor foundry located in Malaysia, are expected to become legally effective in the near future. The extended X-FAB corporation plans to consolidate its financial statements as of the fourth quarter of 2006.


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Game Management
Game Management
Learn More About Game Management
Game Management Options
A successful hunting season starts with the right preparation and of course, game feeders designed to provide wildlife like deer proper nutrition in their natural habitat. Preparation wouldn't be complete without the use of a proper trail camera to let you monitor what is on your land.
When it comes to animal feed, there are many options depending on your terrain needs. Whether you need attractants and minerals for a game feeder or food plots for more rugged terrain, Wildgame Innovation and Evolved Habitats are just a couple of brands offering feed for land and game feeders.
A few food plot, mineral and attractant options include:
- No-till food plots
- Crushed or liquid minerals and attractants
Purchasing your feed and trail camera go hand in hand. There are many options when it comes to trail cameras as there are numerous features that game cameras offer such as:
- Infrared Flash
- Infrared - Invisible & Long-range ability
- Strobe - High quality color photos for day and night
- Black Infrared - Absolutely zero visible light
Expert Advice
As you are deciding what game management options are best for your hunting season, keep these considerations in mind.
What type of terrain will you be placing this feeder on?
- Consider buying a hanging feeder for more rugged terrain as opposed to tripod feeders for more even ground
- Areas that are more difficult to place a feeder on for attractants and minerals, consider food plots like No-Till food plot seed
Whether preparing for the season or in the midst of the hunting season, here are a few pointers to make your hunting season a success:
- Replenish your feeder all year round
- When prepping your food plots, keep weather and land conditions in mind:
- Wind, excess moisture or extreme dry conditions are not ideal for prepping plots
- Trail or scouting cameras let you know what type of species are on your land and roughly how many, so invest in a high-quality camera. One that offers infrared flash is best for detecting deer and other animal activity at night.


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Back in May of 2005, Square Enix did something that perhaps they regret. The PlayStation 3 had yet to be released, but we were getting plenty of trailers to remind us how amazing it was going to be. Some developers … Continue reading
Posted in Editorials, Featured Tagged FF7, FFVII, FFVII-2, FFX, Final Fantasy 7-2, Final Fantasy VII, remake, Sephiroth, sequel, Square Enix, vaporware 19 Comments


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From Edmunds.com
If you're looking to purchase a new car, you'll probably want one that won't lose too much of its value to depreciation. Well, potential buyers, take note: With resale value in mind, we've compiled this list of the 10 cars likely to depreciate the least during ownership. Included is the percentage of its original value that each vehicle is likely to retain after five years with an annual mileage of 15,000. Our residual value percentages are based on each car's national True Market Value (TMV®) price plus typical options and destination charge. Rankings and figures are updated monthly.
Copyright Edmunds.com, Inc. All rights reserved. First published on www.edmunds.com and excerpted with permission.


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In need of installation accessories for your radiant floor heating system? Warm Your Floor carries a wide array electrical tools, cork insulation, and more. If this is your first time tackling a floor heating installation, we recommend investing in one of our installation bundles, which include products ranging from necessary to ultra convenient, such as a plastic trowel, installation alarm and digital multimeter.
If you're installing heated floors in a bathroom, we also carry Kerdi Shower System accessories that will make shower building and waterproofing a breeze. You'll even find supplies for adding a shower niche or even a stool, both of which dramatically simplify your installation and are great additions when adding a new shower in a basement or anywhere else.
Ready for Heated Floors?
Installation is easy and we're here to help!Floor heating basics Planning your layout videos
Visit Our Knowledge Center for more info
Strap WarmWire & Cable 25 FtOur PriceOur Price: $16.00
ProMelt/SlabHeat Heating Wire Repair KitOur PriceOur Price: $28.00
Marker Plate Snow Melt WYFOur PriceOur Price: $59.00
Digital Multi Meter Measures Floor Heating System Resistance (Ohms)Our Price
List Price: $19.99
Our Price: $13.99
Loudmouth Monitor Alarm for SunTouch installationOur PriceOur Price: $21.00


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Friday, June 26, 2009
Here Come The Men In Hats
7 comments:
- Angela said...
Love the men in hats!
- June 26, 2009 at 11:08 AM
- Bruce said...
I have a nice Borsalino fur-felt trilby on it's way from the USA.
With winter here (Australia) I'm looking forward to wearing it.
- June 27, 2009 at 7:39 AM
- Pearl Westwood said...
I do love hats, my favourite is the guy with the military hat and matching bow tie!
You have such a great blog!
- June 28, 2009 at 8:59 AM
- bonnie-ann black said...
i do love a man in a glengarry (the military style hat)... and a handsome devil he is too!
- June 29, 2009 at 5:13 PM
- Duchesse said...
Hats had died out for years among young men but now I see them wearing porkpies and fedoras. Many do not know hat etiquette, though.
- June 30, 2009 at 9:53 AM
- JamiSings said...
My favorite is the gentleman with the green tie. There's something about his hat, his face, and his clothing that makes me think of a pulp fiction detective, aged well. A perfect gentleman to the law abidding. Protector of damsels in distress. And a real bulldog to those who dare break the law, hurt a woman, injure a kid, or even kick a puppy.
Or maybe I just read too much.
LOL My verification word is "Spylize"! Like some cross between "spy" and "stylize."
Duch - sure I'll get torn to pieces for this, but hat etiquette seems to have died out as the psycho-uber-feminists gain more control. Claiming stuff like "doff your cap in front of a lady" is "demeaning."
- July 3, 2009 at 5:13 PM
- r l n ! said...
so many different hats AND faces!
- August 30, 2009 at 1:47 AM


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50 U.S. Code § 2013 - Participants in CIARDS system
prev | next
(a) Designation of participants
The Director may from time to time designate employees of the Agency who shall be entitled to participate in the system. Employees so designated who elect to participate in the system are referred to in this chapter as "participants".
(b) Qualifying service
Designation of employees under this section may be made only from among employees of the Agency who have completed at least 5 years of qualifying service. For purposes of this chapter, qualifying service is service performed by an Agency employee in carrying out duties that are determined by the Director—
(c) Election of employee to be participant
(1) Permanence of election
An employee of the Agency who elects to accept designation as a participant in the system shall remain a participant of the system for the duration of that individual's employment with the Agency.
(2) Irrevocability of election
Source(Pub. L. 88–643, title II, § 203, as added Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, § 802,Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3202; amended Pub. L. 113–126, title II, § 202(a),July 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 1394.)
Prior Provisions
A prior section 203 ofPub. L. 88–643, title II, Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1044; Pub. L. 102–88, title III, § 303,Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 431, related to participants in the system and was set out as a note under section 403 of this title prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 88–643by section 802 ofPub. L. 102–496.
2014—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–126, § 202(a)(1), substituted "service performed by an Agency employee" for "service in the Agency performed" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 113–126, § 202(a)(2), substituted "intelligence activities" for "Agency activities".
Pub. L. 113–126, title II, § 202(b),July 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 1394, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be applied to retired or deceased officers of the Central Intelligence Agency who were designated at any time under section 203 of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act (50 U.S.C. 2013) prior to the date of the enactment of this Act [July 7, 2014]."
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Love Gov on Stossel: "Let's Break Up with Government"
Recorded: Friday, September 25, 2015
Television personality John Stossel (host of Stossel on Fox Business) featured our new satirical, YouTube video seriesLove Gov: "From First Date to Mandate" on September 25th, 2015.
Experts: John StosselType: TelevisionIssues: Education, Government Power
John Stossel: Why Government FailsBut Free Individuals Succeed
Recorded: Thursday, April 19, 2012
Part 1 |
Part 2
John Stossel of Fox Business Network speaks about his new book, No, They Cant: Why Government FailsBut Individuals Succeed.
Experts: John StosselType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Culture/ Society, Free Market Economics, Freedom, Government Power, Government Waste/Pork
Full Video of The Independent Institutes 25th Anniversary Gala for Liberty
Recorded: Tuesday, November 15, 2011
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Full Video of The Independent Institutes 2011 25th Anniversary Gala for Liberty held November 15, 2011.
Part 1: Introductory Remarks and Tribute to Robert Higgs
Part 2: Tribute to Mario Vargas Llosa
Part 3: History of The Independent Institute and Fund for the Future
Part 4: Tribute to Lech Walesa
Part 5: Special Tributes, Sponsors, and Credits
Experts: Leszek Balcerowicz, Price V. Fishback, Robert Higgs, Ron Paul, Jorge Quiroga, David J. Theroux, Archbishop Desmond M. Tutu, Mario Vargas Llosa, Lech Wałęsa, Yuri Yarim-AgaevType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Bureaucracy and Government, Business, Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Defense and Foreign Policy, Democracy, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Government Power, History (International), History (U.S), Latin America, Nationalism, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Politics, Privatization, Property Rights, Terrorism and National Crises
Highlights from the Independent Institutes 25th Anniversary Gala for Liberty
Recorded: Tuesday, November 15, 2011
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Highlights from the Independent Institutes 2011 25th Anniversary Gala for Liberty held November 15, 2011.
Part 1: Robert Higgs accepting the Alexis de Tocqueville Award
Part 2: Tribute from Ron Paul
Part 3: Tribute from Archbishop Desmond Tutu
Part 4: Tribute from Leszek Balcerowicz
Experts: Leszek Balcerowicz, Robert Higgs, Ron Paul, Archbishop Desmond M. TutuType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Government Power
A Gala for Liberty: The Independent Institutes Gala Reception and Dinner
Recorded: Tuesday, September 16, 2008
Experts: George B. N. Ayittey, Michael J. Boskin, William K. Bowes, Jr., Andy Garcia, David J. Theroux, Archbishop Desmond M. Tutu, Alvaro Vargas LlosaType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Business, Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Collectivism, Culture/ Society, Democracy, Economic History and Development (International), Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Entertainment, Free Market Economics, Freedom, History (U.S), Nationalism, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Property Rights, Race Issues, Regulation and Deregulation, Religion, Taxes, Terrorism and National Crises, Trade, Welfare
John Stossel | Confessions of a Media Maverick
Recorded: Friday, January 30, 2004
When pioneering television journalist John Stossel joined ABC-TV's "20/20" in 1981, his peers and an admiring public hailed him as a crusading consumer reporter. His hard-hitting, in-your-face exposes of con artists and corporate liars and crooks won him 19 Emmys and an avid following. But, could the use of government power and the Nanny State be the biggest scam of all?
In his new book, Give Me a Break, Stossel takes on a herd of sacred cows and examines how in the name of the "public interest," ambitious politicians and bureaucrats, intellectually lazy and opportunistic reporters, scaremongers, and predatory lawyers make life worse, especially for those most disadvantaged.
In this event John Stossel explained how his investigations of government waste, fraud and abuse; welfare for the rich; victimless crimes; self-serving interest groups; and sensationalist-media hyping (while ignoring real risks) reveal the crucial need to protect the civil and economic liberties of all people.
John Stossel, author of Give Me a Break. is co-anchor of ABC's "20/20." He also hosts ABC's "John Stossel Specials" for ABC television and radio, and ABCNews.com. In addition to having received 19 Emmy Awards, he has been honored five times for excellence in consumer reporting by the National Press Club. Among his other awards are the George Polk Award for Outstanding Local Reporting and the George Foster Peabody Award.
David J. Theroux is Founder and President of the Independent Institute.
Experts: John StosselType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Business, Culture/ Society, Entertainment, Free Market Economics, Government Power, Government Waste/Pork


text:
If You Have Dementia
Source: Alzheimer's Association
Early-Stage Alzheimer's: If You Have Alzheimer's Disease, What You Should Know, What You Should Do (16 pages)
Coping strategies and tips for living with Alzheimer's.
Early-Onset Alzheimer's: I'm Too Young to Have Alzheimer's Disease (12 pages)
Addresses unique challenges for diagnosed individuals who are younger than 65.
Partnering With Your Doctor: A Guide for Persons with Memory Problems and Their Caregivers
(20 pages)
Find a Support Group in Your Area!
Click on your County, or follow the links below:
Printable list: Download here
For more information contact the Maine Alzheimer's Association
Support for Caring for the Caregiver
is provided by:
Support for Caring for the Caregiver is provided by:
Founded by the University of Maine System and Colby, Bates and Bowdoin Colleges.


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| User:Tuxedo12
Hello Tuxedo12, greetings and welcome to the Narutopedia! Thanks for your edit to the Mayfly page.
We do hope that you will stay for a long time. Enjoy your stay as we work to become the best Naruto info site out there. BELIEVE IT!
If you're looking for something to do why not look over the Forums or more specifically Narutopedia Collaboration for a list of projects we're working on. And the Community portal has a lot of recent discussions and places to go listed on it.
Please leave a message on my talk page if I can help with anything! -- Jacce (Talk) 19:32, February 12, 2011
Inserting nonsense can get you blocked. Jacce | Talk | Contributions 20:26, February 12, 2011 (UTC)
Read the image policy before uploading more images. Jacce | Talk | Contributions 20:25, February 18, 2011 (UTC)
Before you keep on with image changes, I would like you to read this. Omnibender - Talk - Contributions 23:45, March 31, 2011 (UTC)
- This man (woman? You know I've never actually asked), he/she speaks the truth. A good read on the little situation we find ourselves in atm.--TheUltimate3 ~Keeper of Lore~ 00:11, April 1, 2011 (UTC)
I correctly spelled armor for raikage in viz manga. And thank you for the advice. April 8th 2011--Tuxedo12 (talk) 00:19, April 9, 2011 (UTC)Tuxedo12
Image deletion: Konan Paper Wrap.jpg
Tuxedo12, the image Konan Paper Wrap.jpg which you uploaded has been deleted. We suggest you look over our image policy before you upload another image to make sure you aren't breaking any part of the policy. ShounenSuki (talk | contribs | translations) 11:35, June 5, 2011 (UTC)


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(Sports Network) - Two teams with four-game winning streaks collide Friday
night when the Toronto Raptors welcome the Orlando Magic to the Air Canada
The Raptors' run of great play started with a home drubbing of the Dallas
Mavericks on Dec. 14 and ran through Wednesday when they dispatched the
Detroit Pistons, 97-91 in Canada.
Three of Toronto's wins during this streak came in Canada. The Raptors are 6-5
in their own building and will head out on a three-game road trip after
What has made this Raptors' run all the more impressive is that it has come
without arguably their best two players, Andrea Bargnani and Kyle Lowry. Both
have been sidelined with injury and are not expected back soon.
DeMarr DeRozan has picked up the scoring slack and had 23 in the win against
the Pistons. Jose Calderon is as steady as the come and has been great
replacing Lowry. Calderon handed out 17 assists against the Pistons.
"Right now we're finding ways to win and that's the most important thing for
our group," said Raptors head coach Dwane Casey. "Now we're believing we can
win, we're trusting each other, and we're pulling for each other."
The Magic also won three games at home during their winning run, but head out
on the road where they are 5-7. Their last victory came in Orlando against the
Washington Wizards, 90-83.
Only four Magic players scored in double-figures against the Wizards and J.J.
Redick led the way with 17 off the bench. E'Twaun Moore and Arron Afflalo both
had 15.
Glen Davis chipped in 12, but he left the game with a shoulder injury. An MRI
revealed no structural damage, just a sprain, but he's expected to be out
four-to-six weeks.
"He will be treated non-operatively," Magic general manager Rob Hennigan said
in a statement. "Treatment will include rest and subsequent strengthening of
the muscles around his shoulder. His return will depend on progress made
during his rehabilitation."
Davis shares the team lead in scoring at 16.0 ppg. It is unknown who head
coach Jacque Vaughn will replace him with in the starting lineup, but rookie
Andrew Nicholson is a strong choice. Nicholson hasn't played much in the last
two, but in the five games prior, Nicholson logged over 16 minutes in each and
averaged 12.8 ppg.
The Raptors snapped a three-game losing streak to the Magic with a 97-86
victory in Toronto on Nov. 18.
The Sports Network


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AVI Resort & Casino Music Brews & BBQ
(ŌåÆPrize Money)
(ŌåÆRules & Regs)
|Line 53:
|Line 53:
==Rules & Regs==
==Rules & Regs==
==Teams Confirmed==
==Teams Confirmed==
Revision as of 21:10, 26 August 2013
AVI Resort & Casino Music Brews & BBQ
Dates: September 26/28th 2013
Location / Google Map
Organizer: Contact Skip & Cheryl Ramsden at firstname.lastname@example.com
Judges Multi Event Application
Avi Team Entry Form (Current Team Entry $300.00)
Special Team Multi Entry Form Avi & Lake Havasu (Only Good Until September 26, 2013, $475.00 for Team Entry Into Both Lake Havasu & Avi. Includes Space, 20 amp & 4 Main Categories Only)
With one of our 452 newly renovated rooms, including 29 spa suites, you are welcomed the moment you walk through the door. Say goodbye to the old bedspreads and slip into one of our freshly top-sheeted beds that ensures you get a fresh and relaxed sleeping experience every night of your stay. Our comfortable beds will invite you as soon as you walk through the door to lie down and relax while watching our new 32ŌĆØ HD flat panel T.V.ŌĆÖs. Whether you are going out for a special event or to just relax around the property you can insure you look your best with one of our full length mirrors. After waking up fresh and relaxed sit in one of our over-stuffed chairs and enjoy a fresh cup of coffee made especially by you in one of our in-room coffee makers. If youŌĆÖre looking for a new and relaxing experience make your reservations today! - See more at:
Prize Money
The breakdown for each category is as follows: Overall:
- Grand Champion - $1,300.00 Plus Trophy
- Reserve Grand Champion - $ 900.00 Plus Trophy
Chicken, Ribs, Pork and Brisket Categories as follows:
- First Place: $400.00 Plus Trophy
- Second Place: $300.00 Plus Trophy
- Third Place: $200.00 Plus Trophy
- Fourth Place: $100.00 Plus Trophy
- Fifth Place: $ 75.00 Plus Trophy
- Sixth -Tenth Place Each $ 50.00 Plus Medallions
Rules & Regs
KCBS Rules will be Enforced!!
Teams Confirmed
Paid and Ready to Rock
- Smokey Hayes BBQ, AZ.
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- Vic's BBQ, AZ.
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- Refined Redneck BBQ, NV.
- Satisfied Hogs, NV.
- The Rib Doctor, CA.
- The Hideout's Well Hung-Over BBQ Team, AZ.
List and application coming soon


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Southland temperate forests
Fragmented and overgrazed Southland forests, South Island, New Zealand. @ C.Michael Hogan
The Southland temperate forests ecoregion covers the southeastern tip of New Zealand's South Island; however, much of the Southland region is modified and large areas are intensively farmed. Nevertheless, there are still significant coastal wetlands and upland areas of beech forest and tussock grasslands. The Eyre Mountains support distinctive local endemic plant species and the Catlins National Park contains an outstanding range of habitats, ranging from coastal habitat to alpine bogs.
The region entered a biodiversity downturn with advent of the Maori peoples, who significantly deforested this ecoregion; moreover, the destruction expanded with advent of Europeans and introduction of lanrge scale domesticated livestock grazing. A number of protected areas are found in the region, but lowland and grassland communities are underrepresented in conservation reserves; moreover, logging, clearing for development, and introduced alien species animals are biodiversity threats.
Location and General Description
Source: WWF
Located at the southernmost extreme end of South Island, Southland consists of coastal lowlands separated from dry central plains by the hills of the Hokonui Syncline. Rainfall on the damp coastal lowlands ranges between 900 millimetres (mm) to 1600 mm per year, while the relatively dry central plains receive annual rainfall from 700 mm to 900 mm. Further north there a band of high, forested mountains run along the boundary with Otago. The Te Anau Basin in the northeastern edge of the region is separated from the other lowland areas by the rugged Takatimu Range which has extensive scree features not seen elsewhere in the region. To the southeast lies the rolling hill country of the Catlins where a lush and diverse forest can grow right down to the coast. The rest of the southern coast is characterized by dunes with large open bays and estuaries separated by rocky outcrops. When the glaciers retreated from the uplands and the Te Anau basin (10,000 years ago) near the latter part of the fifth ice age , the lowlands became covered with outwash gravels and mantled with loess but the underlying sedimentary rocks (lignite, limestone, sandstone, and mudstone) are much older and their origin more complex. Greywacke and argillite extends across the north of the region in a broad belt below the schists of Otago but there are also basaltic tuffs, diorite, gabbro, and a range of ultramafic rocks such as serpentine and peridotite.
Forests recolonized Southland after the most recent ice age glacial advance and remained the dominant vegetation cover until about 1000 years ago. Silver beech (Nothofagus menziesii) was present in higher altitudes to the west with red beech (Nothofagus fusca) in the northern mountains. In the lowland areas podocarps and hardwoods were predominant with kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides) growing in swampy areas and rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum) on drier sites. Southern rata (Metrosideros umbellata) and kamahi (Weinmannia racemosa) were present in the central hill country and in the Catlins.
Charcoal evidence shows fires began in the region about 2500 years ago and greatly increased in frequency after the arrival of Maori, since the Maori people used fire to drive game from the forests for mass killing. These fires led to the loss of large areas of forest and their replacement by tussock grasslands: snow tussocks (primarily Chionochloa spp.) above the treeline and red tussock (Chionochloa rubra) spread over an estimated 45 percent of the region. By the time Europeans arrived some forest regeneration had started but most of this land was again cleared for farms and other developments. Livestock had a major impact on the tussock lands and exotic pasture grasses took over areas once dominated by red tussocks. Europeans also drained many of the wetland areas in the lowlands. Some forest remnants have been preserved, mainly in the Livingston, Snowdon, and Eyre Mountains, the Catlins area, the Hokonui Hills, and around Waitutu to the south. However, little lowland swamp survives.
Biodiversity Features
Yellow-eyed penguin pair, Southland coastal
breeding area. @ C.Michael Hogan The Catlins Forest Park (420 square kilometres) contains a rich and diverse flora and a wide range of habitats, from the alpine bogs found on the Ajax Plateau to salt marshes and rocky coastal cliffs. In places unbroken sequences of native vegetation run from the coast to the subalpine zone. It is also the only large area of the eastern coast of New Zealand retaining a predominantly natural forest cover. Catlins Forest Park contains rimu-dominant podocarp forest, as well as New Zealand's southernmost stand of silver beech (Nothofagus menziesii). An endemic daisy, Celmisia lindsayi, is found on the coastal cliffs. It is home to several endangered birds, most notably the world's rarest penguin, the vulnerable Yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes). Mohua or yellowheads (Mohoua ochrocephala VU) have small South Island populations that are generally decreasing, but they have started to recover here following intensive stoat control (Mustela erminea). The Catlins Forest Park coastline is the only place where elephant seals (Mirounga leonina), New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) and the New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri VU) all co-exist. New Zealand sea lions have only resumed breeding on the mainland since 1992, and now breed here and along the Otago coastline.
Subalpine and alpine vegetation communities in the Eyre Mountains are in good condition and have high levels of endemism and a number of species that are considered priorities for conservation efforts. There are large areas of snow tussock grassland and significant tracts of unmodified indigenous beech forest. The only population of rock wrens (Xenicus gilviventris) known to exist outside the Southern Alps is found here. Endemic alpine species include Carex uncifoli, Hebe biggarii, Celmisia thomsonii, and Aciphylla spedenii. One of the Department of Conservation's priority species for conservation protection, the South Island tree daisy (Olearia hectori EN), is found in shrub lands outside existing protected areas.
Tussock grasslands are important habitat for birds of the open country like Australasian harriers (Circus approximans) and South Island fernbirds (Bowdleria punctata punctata). Tussock dependent reptiles include the green skink (Oligosoma chloronoton), found only in Southland, Otago, and Stewart Island, and the Otago skink (Leiolopisma otagense), which is found only in Otago and Southland. The small remaining areas of coastal tussocks, such as Poa astonii, provide habitat for several species with limited distributions including an endemic chafer beetle, Prodontria praelatella.
The Southland coast and associated wetlands support a wide range of invertebrates and wading birds. Dunes and dune lakes are still found in good condition in Southland. Although they have been extensively modified throughout New Zealand, here they may extend up to ten km inland. The Waituna Lagoon is notable for its abundant bird life and the extensive marshes along the lagoon. The only mainland populations of one of New Zealand's rarest plants, Gunnera hamiltonii, are found in stable dune systems on the coast near Invercargill. The other small populations of this ground-hugging herb are found on Rakiura Island.
Current Status
Purakaunui Falls, New Zealand. Source: Susanne Peck Public conservation lands administered by the Department of Conservation include large areas of the forested Takitimu, Snowdon, Eyre, and Blue Mountains, the forests of Western Southland, Rowallan, Longwoods, and Dean, and the Pembroke and Glaisnock Wilderness Areas. Some protected areas were conserved because land development was not economical, but other areas were logged prior to their protection.
Lowland shrub communities, coastal dune ecosystems, and tussock grasslands, particularly red tussocks are poorly protected. For example, less than 20 km2 of lowland red tussocks are protected. There are a few notable exceptions, such as the Waituna Lagoon, which has been designated a Wetland of International Importance under the United Nations Ramsar Convention. The area covered by the Ramsar listing will be extended by 200 km2 to include the three major estuaries, Toi Toi, Awarua Bay, and the New River. This expansion will include slightly more than 100 km2 of the Awarua peat complex and areas of cushion bog which are usually only found in subalpine regions.
Types and Severity of Threats
Over the last 100 years a number of species have disappeared from Southland. Extirpated species include birds such as the South Island subspecies of the endangered kokako (Callaeas cinerea cinerea) and the extinct piopio (Turnagra capensis), the grayling fish (Prototroctes oxyrhynchus), and plants like Stellaria elantinoides. Remaining populations of many species are still threatened by predation from introduced species and environmentally harmful activities including the continued drainage of wetlands, burning and grazing of tussock grasslands, and clearance of indigenous vegetation for land development.
The most significant threats facing the remaining unprotected land in Southland, particularly in lowland areas and riparian forests, is grazing, logging and burning for land development or timber. Waterways and native fish species are also threatened by the increasing trend of converting farms to dairy production, which tends to be more intensive and have higher environmental impacts (e.g., increased nutrient run-off and erosion).
Particularly significant threats exist for the coastal forests which are critical breeding habitat for the Yellow-eyed penguin. This penguin species requires upland breeding locations, unlike some other penguins whose nests and burrows are found rather near the shoreline. Deforestation for expanded grazing and urban development in the coastal zone are the chief drivers of this threat. Terrestrial breeding habitat up to one km inland from the coast is the limiting factor for survival of this penguin species. The Southland temperate forests represent the chief remaining breeding habitat for this bird. There are some ongoing efforts at coastal reforestation to enhance and expand habitat for this penguin, notably on the southern edge of the Otago Peninsula.
Small and fragmented areas of natural habitat, surrounded by agricultural land, are prone to pest invasion. Fencing of these areas is a priority if natural values have been maintained. For larger blocks of protected forests, the main management issue is pest control. Possums (Vespula vulgaris), red deer (Cervus elaphus), goats (Capra hircus), and pigs (Sus scrofa) are found throughout Southland's forests along with the ubiquitous rats (Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus) and three mustelids: stoats (Mustela erminea), ferrets (M. putorius), and weasels (M. nivalis).
Tussock grassland species are threatened by invasion and suppression by weed species like broom (Cytisus scoparius), Corsican pine (Pinus nigra laricio), and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesi). Marram (Ammophilia arenaria) is a serious weed problem on the coastal dunes and Canadian pondweed (Elodea canadensis) is problematic in freshwater ecosystems. Willows (Salix cinerea and S. fragilis) dominate riparian and wetland margins, causing silt build up and shrinking natural habitats.
Justification of Ecoregion Delineation
The Southland temperate forests ecoregion largely conforms to Wardle's Southland Botanical Province. However, the 'Mavora' Ecological Region was excluded from the Southland temperate forests because the Mavora Ecological Region contains high percentages of grassland vegetation.
Further Reading
- For a shorter summary of this entry, see the WWF WildWorld profile of this ecoregion.
- Dawson, J. 1988. Forest Vines to Snow Tussock: The Story of New Zealand's Plants. Victoria University Press. Wellington. ISBN: 0864730470
- Department of Conservation. 1987. New Zealand topographical map: Ecological regions and districts of New Zealand. Map (1:500,000). Departments of Lands and Survey, Wellington, New Zealand.
- Department of Conservation. 1998. Otago Conservation Management Strategy. Otago Conservation Management Planning Series: 7. Otago Conservancy. Dunedin.
- Department of Conservation. 1999. The conservation requirements of New Zealand's nationally threatened vascular plants. Threatened species occasional publication: 13. Biodiversity Recovery Unit. Wellington.
- Department of Conservation. 2000. Conservation Management Strategy for Mainland Southland/West Otago 1998 – 2008. Southland Conservancy Conservation Management Planning Series No 9. Invercargill.
- New Zealand Department of Conservation - Te Papa Atawhai.
- Hilton-Taylor, C. 2000. The 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom. ISBN: 2831705657
- Molloy, L. 1994. Wild New Zealand. New Holland Publishers. London. ISBN: 0262133040
- Soons, J. and M. Selby, editors. 1982. Landforms of New Zealand. Longman Paul, Auckland. ISBN: 0582717868
- Wardle, P. 1991. Vegetation of New Zealand. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. ISBN: 0521258731
Disclaimer: This article contains some information that was originally published by the World Wildlife Fund. Topic editors and authors for the Encyclopedia of Earth have edited its content and added new information. The use of information from the World Wildlife Fund should not be construed as support for or endorsement by that organization for any new information added by EoE personnel, or for any editing of the original content.


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Parents of Adolescents / Adult Children
Self Help Clearinghouse
This information is provided as a resource and does not constitute an endorsement for any group. It is the responsibility of the reader to decide whether a group is appropriate for his/her needs. For evidence-based information on diseases, conditions, symptoms, treatment and wellness issues, continue searching this site.
B.I.L.Y.(Because I Love You: The Parent and Youth Support Groups)
National. 47 affiliated groups. Founded 1982. Support groups for parents who have children of all ages with behavioral problems such as truancy, substance abuse or other forms of defiance of authority. Focus is on parents getting back their self-esteem and control of their home.
Because I Love You
P.O. Box 2062
Winnetka, CA 91396-2062
Voice: 818-884-8242
Website: http://www.becauseiloveyou.org
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Verified: 1/15/2013
Conduct Disorders Parent Message Board
Online. 7080 members. Founded 1995. Support for parents of a child with one of the many behavior disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiance disorder, bipolar disorder, conduct disorder, depression, anxiety and substance abuse. Parents of children all ages welcome.
Website: http://www.conductdisorders.com
Verified: 2/14/2013
The above information was "verified" as correct on the date at the end of each entry. Since American Self-Help Group Clearinghouse's database is extensive but staffing is limited and information for these organizations can change, it is not possible to keep every entry in American Self-Help Group Clearinghouse database completely current and accurate. Please check with the organizations listed for the most current information.
For additional information on self-help groups, please visit the American Self-Help Group Clearinghouse web site at http://www.mentalhelp.net/selfhelp
If you find information that is not current, please contact American Self-Help Group Clearinghouse at: email@example.com
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This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


text:
26 U.S. Code § 7215 - Offenses with respect to collected taxes
prev | next
(a) Penalty
Any person who fails to comply with any provision of section 7512 (b) shall, in addition to any other penalties provided by law, be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned not more than one year, or both, together with the costs of prosecution.
(b) Exceptions
This section shall not apply—
(1) to any person, if such person shows that there was reasonable doubt as to
(2) to any person, if such person shows that the failure to comply with the provisions of section 7512 (b) was due to circumstances beyond his control.
For purposes of paragraph (2), a lack of funds existing immediately after the payment of wages (whether or not created by the payment of such wages) shall not be considered to be circumstances beyond the control of a person.
Source(Added Pub. L. 85–321, § 2,Feb. 11, 1958, 72 Stat. 6; amended Pub. L. 97–248, title III, §§ 307(a)(15), 308(a),Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 590, 591; Pub. L. 98–67, title I, § 102(a),Aug. 5, 1983, 97 Stat. 369.)
1983—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–67repealed amendments made by Pub. L. 97–248. See 1982 Amendment note below.
1982—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–248provided that, applicable to payments of interest, dividends, and patronage dividends paid or credited after June 30, 1983, last sentence of subsec. (b) is amended to read as follows: "For purposes of paragraph (2), a lack of funds existing immediately after the payment of wages or amounts subject to withholding under subchapter B of chapter 24 (whether or not created by the payment of such wages or amounts) shall not be considered to be circumstances beyond the control of a person." Section 102(a), (b) ofPub. L. 98–67, title I, Aug. 5, 1983, 97 Stat. 369, repealed subtitle A (§§ 301–308) of title III of Pub. L. 97–248as of the close of June 30, 1983, and provided that the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 [now 1986] [this title] shall be applied and administered (subject to certain exceptions) as if such subtitle A (and the amendments made by such subtitle A) had not been enacted.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


text:
May 1, 2016
Friday, Sept. 21, 2012
LOS ANGELES (AP) -- Space shuttle Endeavour has landed safely at the Los Angeles International Airport after a whirlwind aerial tour around California landmarks.
Strapped to the back of a 747 jumbo jet, Endeavour touched down Friday afternoon after a nearly 5-hour flyover.
Endeavour will retire at the California Science Center. Before its retirement, it took to the skies, looping over the state Capitol, Golden Gate Bridge, Hollywood Sign and other icons.
Thousands turned out to see Endeavour soar one last time.
Endeavour flew 25 missions and spent 299 days in space.
(Copyright 2012, The Associated Press)
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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May 6, 2016
A North Carolina woman has died after years of fighting for her husband's release from a Georgia prison because of the state's "stand your ground" self-defense law.
Tracy Dew said Sunday her sister Anita McNeil of Wilson died Saturday after breast cancer spread to her bones.
Anita McNeil had spent weeks hoping that her husband John McNeil would be freed from prison where he is serving a life sentence for shooting a man in his Kennesaw, Ga., yard. Supporters say the 2005 killing was in self-defense.
A Georgia judge ruled last fall that John McNeil should be released because of multiple errors at trial, including that the jury was not properly instructed on a person's right to use force to defend himself, his home or another person from violent attack.
Copyright 2016 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.
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Dean's List and Honor Roll
Submitted on December 21, 2012 at 3:06 PM
Volunteer State Community College has released the names of students named to the Fall 2012 Honor Roll and Dean's List. In order to be recognized on the Dean's List and on the Honor Roll, students have completed a minimum of 12 collegiate-level hours with at least a 3.750 grade point average during the awarding term and have accumulated a minimum of 18 overall collegiate-level hours. Students making the Dean's List and the Honor Roll are as follows:
In Tennessee,
Stacey Luna of Ashland City; Chelsey Brown, Rebecca Ellis, Ariel Rippy and Rebecca Shelton of Bethpage; Jessica Hough and Kathryn MacFarlane of Brentwood; Dustin Dise and Tara Perry of Castalian Springs; Kristen Spears of Celina; Katie Bliss and Sara Bliss of Chapmansboro; Lisa Brown of Columbia; Joshua Cook, Kristyn Ellison, Levi Garrett, Brittaney Hesson and Michael Reagan of Cookeville; Molly Alexander, Caleb Payne, Kristina Shaw, Kellie Taylor, Andrew Ward and Kayla Ward of Cottontown; Ashley Simmons of Cross Plains; Gregory Kane of Elmwood; Heather Bailey, Margaret Blakemore, Edward Burt, Kiana Butler, Craig Cato, Tiffani Clark, Haley Dorris, Joanna Finnegan, Mariah Hughes, Evan Jones, Kelsey Kittrell, Meghan Kreger, Susan Leonardini, Chris Martin, Charis Sims, Brittany Smith, Nathan Speaks, Mary Grace Sterrett, Chelsea Stilwell, Christian Swafford and Teresa Williams of Gallatin; Laura Gregg, Christina Guy, Heather Harris, Allison Iserman, James Murphy, Haleigh Petty, Wesley Ruddell and Michelle Wray of Goodlettsville; Andrew Schussler of Greenbrier; Kellie Franklin, Lawrence Gerritsen and Timmy Harper of Hartsville; Kimberly Albright, Traci Amodio, Morgan Ball, Marissa Barton, Mika Berry, Kelsey Boatright, Caleb Bowerman, Kristie Bridgers, Shiannee Carter, Zac Crawford, Jeffrey Crutcher, Brent DeLong, Devin Humphress, Goran Larsson, Susanne Marrow, Laura McReynolds, Haley Overby, Jonathan Pfahl, Alex Pineiro, Shelly Reeves, Shannon Reid, Eric Schneider, Tawndi Shane, Heather Spalding, Lucas Stewart and Brandy Wymer of Hendersonville; Kelli Taylor of Hermitage; Garrett Emberton, Keith O'Hair, Katherine Reid, Kayley Wheeler and Ashley Willis of Lafayette;Devin Atkins, Patricia Ballard, Rachel Durocher, Jennifer Erickson, Michael Kindred, Lara Miller, Rielly Newton, Charles Waller, Kayla Williams and Katherine Willoughby of Lebanon;Thomas Clayborn of Liberty;Heather Dillon and Tammy Norris of Livingston; Edward Brown, Mitchell Currey, Cac Pham and Derrick Stotts of Madison; Jessica Hix Moss, Kaitlyn Baker, Deborah Kuiack, Pamela Nixon, Natalie Patterson, Jonathan Watts of Mount Juliet;Angela Creasy and Erick Strength of Murfreesboro; Brianna Arredondo, Tracey Collins, John Jacques, Craig Jones, Michael Martin, Chancy McBay, John McNab, Michele Mitchell, Jamie Mizell, Oni Patel, Brandon Polheber, Deana Simpkins, Nicholas St. Clair, Jennifer Stuart and Benjamin Watkins of Nashville; Heather Vann of Normandy; Katherine Howell of Orlinda; Kady Waller of Pleasant Shade; Lindsay Alford, Stefanie Burlew, Timothy Caldwell, Megan Dattilo, James Deromedi, Donna Harris, Ethan Kessler, Stacey Massingale, Deborah Pitt and Chase Shehane of Portland; Dallas Davidson and Callie Hudson of Red Boiling Springs; Monique Robichaud of Rockvale; Janie Roberts of Sparta; Kimberly Rowland and Tammy Verchota of Springfield; Misty Sullivan of Walling; Hannah Borders, Melinda Green and Keith Spears of Westmoreland; Katie Andrews, Ashton Dowell, Kayla Franklin, Chelsea Guthrie, Ryan Kozlowski, Stephanie Stutesman, Rusty Wallace and Stephanie Whitehead of White House.
The Dean's List recognition is awarded to students who have completed a minimum of twelve collegiate-level hours with at least a 3.750 grade point average during the awarding term. Students making the Dean's List are as follows:
In Tennessee,
Chaz Vesser of Alcoa; Sang Lee of Antioch; Laurie Bagwell and Landis Johnson of Ashland City; Anthony Jordan of Auburntown; Andrew Counts, Benjamin Crowder and Clarissa Roberts of Bethpage; Curtis Beaty and Benjamin Tompkins of Byrdstown; Luke Diffenderfer and Katlyn Rigsby of Carthage; Linda Boyers, Lindsey Conti, Lindsay Doss, Rebecca Palmieri and Casey Wilson of Castalian Springs; Mandie Neblett of Cedar Hill; Alexander Bonick, Aaron Brosius, Chelsea Bryant, Haley Dorris, Meghan Hall and Rhett Rhemann of Clarksville; Lauren Fraser of Cleveland; Melissa Townsend of Columbia; Candy Livesay, Shavohn Turner and Kristen Wagner of Cookeville; Jon Albert, Deborah Bresee, Taylor Dorris, Zachary Duke, Michael Jackson, Jordan Levering, Christa MacNeil, Tammy Peterson and James Spink of Cottontown; Jordan Ovenshire of Cross Plains; Berry Manley, Shawna Milton and Johanna Selvidge of Dickson; Anne Klein of Fairview; Melissa Bean of Franklin; Emily Bowman, Shelby Keith and Jessica Raines of Gainesboro; Kyle Barnett, Brittany Brown, Tracey Burks, Melody Burns, Kendra Davis, Kristen Denney, David Dewitt, Cody Dillman, Mackenzie Dyer, Danyel Forney, Andrea Forsythe, Keri Fulks, Alexis Griggs, Nathan Harsh, John Harville, Haley Henson, Janet Hentsch, Bethany McMillan, Megan Merrick, Hannah Mosley, Jessica Perrigo, Regina Piercy, Corey Renner, Crystal Robb, Kylar Russell and Chad Sanders of Gallatin; Robert Adkisson, Shelby Crofton, Erin Fezell, Cara Haynes, Andrea Huff, Suzanne Jackson, Fred Kelly, Tanya Nanney, Samantha Schiller, Titus Seibold, Savanna Wall and Nicholaus Walsh of Goodlettsville; Steven Finley and Kayla Hunt of Gordonsville; Bailey Binkley, Shelby Dorris, Alyssa Downard, Rebecca Johnson, Morgan Laveau, Jessica Otto, Hyunjeong Pelton, Brendan Porter, Brandi Sigears, Daniel Thompson, Kristan Torralba, Josiah Walley and Dana Zier of Greenbrier; Jonathan Abbotoy, Ashley Anderson, Katy Belcher, Adam Clemons and Naomi Steva of Hartsville; Jon Berry, Stephanie Byars, Fene Cartlidge, Brooke Carver, Erin Conquest, Michael Conquest, Makenzey Cowan, Dalen Evans, Jessica Fite, Spencer Garvin, Amanda Gayle, Abigail Gettings, Fausta Guertler, Kyle Haack, Shannah Hattaway, Russ Heflin, Magan Hogan, Brenda Jozwik, Dana LaScola, Travis LeBlanc, Nicole Lewis, Stephanie Lewis, Autumn Linne, Ryan Lloyd, Tyler Long, Helen McBride, Benjamin Moore, Rebecca Moore,Molly Munroe, Kellyn Parks, Kristine Rishel, Olivia Robbins, Katie Rosenberg, Amber Ruedemann, Joshua Russell, Matthew Sanders, Dante Schuckman, David Scurlock, Colby Shelton, Morgunn Siewak, Stephanie Smalling, Constance Sperko, Kristin Sterrenberg, William Townes, Austen Tucker, Thomas Vantrease, Ashley Wendt, Meiyi Xie and Lei Zhao of Hendersonville; Demetrious Coleman, Markus Hoegman Moeller, Brooke Hoffman, Natalie Kent and Blanca Olascoaga of Hermitage; Julie Albright Jackson, Harold Stone Joelton, Sarah Collins, Kamala Dallas, Amanda Draper, Matthew Greenhalgh, Allison Hesson and Crystal Watson of Lafayette; Mary Coker of Lascassas; David Apple, Michael Arnold, Matthew Barker, Susanne Blackburn, Eloisa Bonilla, Matthew Bridges, Christina Brown, Krista Ferrell, Elizabeth Hedtke, Bouachine Khamphouy, Sammie Meade, Samantha Michaels, Crystal Pomeroy, Mary Powell, Tazlyn Saez, Bailey Schnitker, James Scott, Jeremy Scott, Michael Stokes and Casandra Thomason of Lebanon; Anne Thiel Liberty, Lucas Dailey, Wesley Flatt, Rachael Kingery and Natasha Lee of Livingston; Tashia Carpenter, David Lassiter, Michelle Peacock, Kelley Roberson, Clara Tapia Espinoza and Sara Wilson of Madison; Kelsey Copeland and Chase Ferrell of Monroe; William Abbott of Monterey; Jeremiah Smith of Moss; Kyle Baker, Andrea Boyd, Sandi Camacho, Julie Cartwright, Jenna Coombs, Rachel Hampton, Hayden Hix, Carly Keogh, Joseph Lodwick, Olivia Macdonald, Jacob McLellan, Hailey Miller, Joseph Rowland, Alyssa Tidwell, Brandy Vannoy and Joshua Windham of Mount Juliet; Jessica Campbell, Leah Nipper and Micah Pausina of Murfreesboro;Lindsay Allen, Edwin Aymara Gutierrez, Amy Baltz, John Bibby, Amanda Briley, Daisy Brooks, Jenny Brooks, Britni Buba, Hunter Carey, Samantha Curington, Brittany Davis, Austin DeBow, Jeffrey Dragan, Kelsey Griggs, Holly Haxton, Michelle Jenkins, Jason Kristof, Gingerrose Krueck, Rhonda Love and Kandace Wimley of Nashville; Scott Hamilton, Benjamin Haynes, Carly Koehn, Chelsea Moon, Patrick Narramore, Diane Pipkin, Crystal Walper and Hailey Wylemans of Old Hickory; Sue Drake of Orlinda; Emily Mayo of Pleasant View; Rachel Anderson, Michael Carlson, Austin Fromm, Timoth Graef, Kelli Harvey, Sarah James, Allie Kincheloe, Adam Proctor and Heather Silcox of Portland; Lindsey Knight of Red Boiling Springs; Daniel Watson of Sparta; Robert Armstrong, Kelsi Brown, Trevette Burns, Kacie Gregory, Allen Harris, Katherine Jones, Kristy Keeble, Caren Matney, Brittany McCuin, Kristin Meeks, Taylor Sneed, Jeffery Stites and Jennifer Wooden of Springfield; Rebecca Cooksey of Thompsons Station; Stacie Bennett of Watertown; Brooklynn Barber, Kelsey Borders, Jennifer Carter, Kayla Carter, Melissa Carter, April Duffer, James Harris, Josiah Hunter, Latasha Jones and Adam Russell of Westmoreland; Ronnie Attar, Kelsey Campbell, Hannah Eidson, James Hembree, Steven Krause and Walter Williams of White House; Ashley Short of Winchester; and Zachary Green.
And Mary Hanna Tracey of Covington, Louisiana.
The Honor Roll is composed of students who have accumulated a minimum of 18 overall collegiate-level hours with at least a 3.750 grade point average during the awarding term. Students making the Honor Roll are as follows:
In Tennessee,
David Cothern of Alexandria; Marietta Handy of Allons; Ryan Lombardi and Kelsey Wilsher of Antioch; Tabitha Hall of Baxter; Wayne Bell, John Decker, Robert Ward and Robin Ward of Bethpage; Bryan Loveless of Byrdstown; Jacob Camp and Stephanie Johnson of Cedar Hill; Sydney Roach of Celina; Joshua Thomas of Chapel Hill; Shari Johnson of Charlotte; Jeff Burkhart of Clarksville; Courtney Langford of Columbia; Michelle Brisco, Sally Draper, Carol Harris, Amy Mahoney, Melinda Morris, Stephanie Rush, Andrea Stewart, Sean Sullivan of Cookeville; Melia Peters and Lisa Vogel of Cottontown; Marilyn Powell of Cross Plains; John Davis of Dickson; Pamela Carter and Robert Carter of Elmwood; Joel Smith of Franklin; Jeffrey Fiedler, Amy Lawrence and Tyler Smith of Gainesboro; Alex Ahlschwede, Stacey Bailey, Delphine Batamuriza, Lydia Breton, Christopher Burns, Misty Dady, Donna Davis, Megan Gann, Daniel Gregory, Katharine Griffin, Wyatt Heimer, Jean Ingram, Tiffany Jones, Melayna Lawrence, Sandra Miselem, Ralf Netherton, William Norton, Cristina Pomohaci, Paul Raccio, Jennifer Shelton, Penny Tucker and Steven Yorlano of Gallatin; Linda Evans, Richard Hevia, Ruby James, Robert Probst and Amanda Swann of Goodlettsville; Lavelia Bowman of Gordonsville; Jesslyn Carver, Toni Grenco-Laney, Angela Meyer and Marjorie Spencer of Greenbrier; Bethany Gregg of Hartsville; Mariana Antimie, Carmen Arcila, Alec Button, Albert Chance, Arthur Clemons, Kayla Cormier, Yoko Dominguez, Adam French, Gregg Gale, Tonya-Marie Gregory, Tracy Harvey, Mike Hinricher, Lynn Jones, Micaela Leppink,Michael Matthews, Anna May, Carolyn McCoy, Sarah Vaughn, Brenda Walsh Cox, James Wiggins and Jason Campbell of Hendersonville; Alana Belcher, Shana Ferris, Adrienne Klinefelter, Jeffrey Lanning, Joshua Morgan, Steffan Neilson and Kimberly Wheeler of Hermitage; Jacqueline Smith of Hickman; Melissa Hooten and Jennifer Young of Hilham; Jessica Barnes of Joelton; Von Couch of Johnson City; Luciana Leslie of La Vergne; Ricky Fleming of Lafayette; Catrina Borden, Dale Carver, Elizabeth Chagnon, William Cole, Valerie Denney, Charlotte Langford, Kristine Lee, Cassandra O'Dell, Dana Parker, Charles Patten, Jessica Saunders, Virginia Smith, Jeffrey Westbrook and Stacy Womelduff of Lebanon; Kenneth Allen, Delphus Dial, Ashley Heady, Margaret Hull, Brad Peek, Rhonda Reagan and Heather Reeder of Livingston; Julius Davis, Dilay Jaime, Karmen Kirilova, Jennifer Mosey, Kristina Robinson and Laura Shearon of Madison; Sheila Ford of Monroe; Robin Blackmon, Derrick Bray, Rachel Cone, Erin Cunningham, April Folmar, Sheila Gilbert, John Latta, Maria Milliken, Stephany Schroder and January Sedlak of Mount Juliet; Kelly Ferguson, Uyen Hoang, Erica Kuykendall, Michaelle Mitchell-Dravis and Jill VanMeter of Murfreesboro; Paula Cagle, Cassandra Cannon, Eliana Elly, Christopher Gallimore, Thi Le, Sarah Monk, Lena Parker, Brandon Powell, Christine Price, Joshua Rudolph, Vikki Tatum, Crystal Walker of Nashville; Deona Price of Nunnelly; Katherine Hughes and Rachel Hurst of Old Hickory; Vickie Garner and Jessica LaPeer of Pall Mall; Leanna Roney and Gary Webber of Pleasant View; Kristine Bacon, Justin Baker, Victoria Baskerville, Heather Blair, Joy Brown, Kristina Escue, Jessie Ferrell, Cassie Greer, Steven Martin, Tanya Nelson, Karrie Roberts, Lisa Schneider and Johnathan Webb of Portland; Julia Carter of Rickman; Van Fields Riddleton; Rodney Ballington and Benieta Mayberry of Smyrna; Logan Hodge, Shannon Lewis and Tiffany Redman of Sparta; Elizabeth Bishop, Katharine Borthick, Houston Fehrman, Kyle Hamill, Angela Landrum, Angela Long and Christina Long of Springfield; Brandon McCullough of Wartrace; Elizabeth Eaton, Sheryl Tibbits and Amanda Veatch of Westmoreland; Wes Bryant of White Bluff; Marcelo Bustamante, Julie Harrison, Shannon Hernandez, Sherrie Lane and M. Dale Woodruff of White House; Lavonda Hix of Whitleyville; and Dana Meadows.
And Riley O'Connell of Hillpoint, Wisconsin.
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What is RM Cash
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Comments On Dec 22, 2014:Now I have a place to clean the filters. Works great to let the filter soak if needed too.
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Comments On Jul 29, 2013:Works great...seems expensive, but better than using a bucket or coming up with your own design. It was worth the premium price to me.
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Comments On Jul 25, 2011:This is a big tub to store your air filter cleaner in. Is it worth the money, I would say yes as it is very durable and there is a metal grate type thing in the bottom to prevent your filter from touching the dirt that has accumulated at the bottom of the tub.
Additional Comments On Feb 24, 2013:An update, if you don't open this tub up for a while it will look like it is imploding.
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Comments On Apr 18, 2012:Alittl smaill for my filter but still works very well.
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Comments On Mar 21, 2011:kinda thin for a bucket but it should hold up
i bought two one for cleaning, one for spraying after, all my filter are dirty i clean them all at once to save on chemicals, and i store the clean ones in one of the tubs until its time to ride, i spray sum oil on one filter and go. the rest are clean waiting on the next ride.
thats how i role, storage and cleaning
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Comments On Feb 01, 2010:I bought this to use to oil my filters, so I always have a oiled filter ready to go on the bike and not have to wait while I clean the one on the bike. It holds a ton, as I dumped in roughly 12 bottles of filter oil and the cage sits high enough to allow all the excess to run into the bottom and the filter is ready to go at that point.
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Comments On Oct 25, 2007:The best. I used others.
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Economic observers are likely to be surprised by the extent to which Tanzania is breaking so many rules of economic management in the 21st century, and seemingly getting away with it. What it is not apparently succeeding in doing is to convince many bilateral donors that they should continue raising the budget support levels, though the signals are mixed in that direction. Part of the data shows that budget support rose in absolute terms in 2010 and 2011 but was lower in relation to budget growth as a whole, but there is an impression that there is a definite decline in budget support expected this year.
Donors compelled Tanzania to follow rules of the book only in relation to the privation of the old National Bank of Commerce back in 1997, a move that is still making shockwaves in the heart of the country's conservative ruling party echelons and radical NGOs. For the rest, there was political will to properly privatize during the second phase administration and it was lost during the third phase, as the conservative political elite and NGOs, based in academia, had generally concluded that the whole spate of privatizations was a massive rip off. The third phase came up with 'smart privatization,' where the government sought investors to put money into a state-owned firm for a minority of shares, while the government appointed most of the board, and a portion of top management – and it lamentably failed.
In sum this is where Tanzania stands in relation to economic reform, that it only wants an investor to place money in a state-owned enterprise, he takes none of the fixed property, and pays the workers and puts in the working capital. The state then retains 51% shares in order to have a big say in how the firm is run, and obviously have equal right to proceeds of the company, taking slightly over half of the profit, while putting no money in the business as a whole. Raising the issue of economic wisdom of this sort of arrangement with regime economists and business lawyers brings up the issue of 'goodwill,' that merely the fact of permitting a firm to a business like railways inside the country gives one right to 51% profit.
Insufficient economic reform during the structural adjustment programme and thus refusal of restoration of long leaseholds of land both for local people and investors, as well as ability for investors from any part of the world to purchase land on leasehold basis that is transferable, effectively put a stop to real growth in agriculture and industry. During the pre-Arusha Declaration period the pace of growth in the agricultural sector was 13.5 per cent per annum, and this fell to 3.0% per annum during the rest of Mwalimu's presidency, from early 1967 to late 1985. During the second phase administration a looser crop marketing strategy and some rising confidence brought the rate of growth in agriculture to 3.5%, while the start of rolling back this confidence reduced the effectiveness of the more intense presence of the banking sector, and for seven years of the third phase presidency, the rate returned to its 3.0% level.
The other indication that abandonment of economic reform has done little good to the Tanzanian economy is the industrial sector, that it has remained quasi-permanently at 8.0% of GDP for as many years as there has been statistical records, at least for the past 20 years.
That means it is more or less growing in a 'natural' manner on the basis of direct demand as felt in the market, and not an issue of using some sort of comparative advantage to get a higher market share of goods in one way or another or penetrating nearby markets for instance on the basis of EAC, COMESA and SADC arrangements. It was for instance clear that COMESA was already beginning to make a difference as Tanzania was becoming a hub of industries both for the local market and for export to the sub-region, then we pulled out to protect a few local industries, with a rather disproportionate representation among the conservatives.
What finally brought a change was accession to AGOA in 2003, as the US facility which wasn't reciprocal in character was more or less an extension of the European Union privileged market access, and it cut down voices urging 'effective protection of nascent industries' as more companies sought to sell to the US market. Out of the 350 types of goods under which we could sell, we have hardly more than 50 items for sale and the quantities are often minimal, for the simple reason that credit isn't quite circulating in agricultural sector or in processing, since they do business or obtain raw materials from land that can't be transferred if a bank (lender) seeks court order to do so. People could start shouting at the 'kaburus.'
Effective stoppage of privatization, leaving the country with a handful of large state firms which ought to have been placed in the private sector, reduce burdens of subsidies that the government faces – especially Tanesco – and help ease conditions of doing business (especially railways) – is the core of the present crisis.
Indebtedness is running too high because refusal of privatizing the two sectors not only denies the government billions of shillings in revenue, but also condemns it to a trillion shillings to uplift Tanesco activities annually. The European Union as a whole shall this year provide budget support amounts that are inadequate, when put together, to satisfy the gluttony of funds by Tanesco alone.
Without the gold sub-sector producing permanently rising revenues, and to a lesser extent the gas reserves that shall in due course (and to an extent even now) cut down on fuel imports from abroad, it is hard to see how Tanzania would have stayed the course without a chaotic situation pushing it to reform.
The latter comes when a country seeks IMF support against a balance of payments crisis, whereupon it is given a set of precepts on restructuring its economy, whether or not it would be another 'structural adjustment program.' The difference however is that the issue seems closed in Africa as countries are capable of manipulating revenues and expenditure to avoid the IMF, hence countries explode due to unacceptable conditions, but hardly has any of them sought IMF loans and be compelled to reform.
Another limitation is the lack of a global consensus on economic reform, since the 'debate' on the issue in the 1990s was hijacked by radicalism, which opposed the twin evils of indebtedness and structural adjustment (meant to pay debts to rich countries, or IMF and the World Bank).
They also opposed dictatorial regimes which were often completely corrupt, in which case the issue since the past decade has been transparency in government finances and democratic elections, throwing economic reform per se into the background, and if one listens to Prof. Joseph Stiglitz, Nobel Prize winning IMF arch-foe, the matter is closed. It is a crisis that also faces Europe and rears its head in the Far East; opinion is satisfied with 'natural economy' of public ownership of land and parastatals as national ownership of economy.
With the necessary safeguards or all parameters guarded, Tanzania to an extent resembles China and to an extent Russia, where a spate of growth permitted by limited economic reforms runs its course, and then the potential for rapid economic growth begins to falter.
So far Tanzania hasn't exhausted its ability to grow at 6.5% or even 7% per annum, which top governmental organizations like the Economic Commission for Africa are praising to the sky as among the best in the world, by simple exercise of ignorance on the fact that Tanzania can't be compared to OECD rates of growth.
There is a world of difference between a country that has abolished fundamental mass poverty and one
that has not, as Tanzania is yet to register double-digit growth for a decade or two, to attain levels comparable to OECD.
At that time, if Tanzania will be able to register 6% growth rate like the United States before the current downturn started in 2008 it would then be phenomenal, but given the potential for growth which is hindered by privatization, what is noticeable about Tanzania isn't persistently high growth rates but sub-poverty reducing rate of growth.
Even within this context, it is hard to see how the debts and grossly negative conditions of doing business would have failed to catch up with the balance of payments without the manna of gold rent that the country has been enjoying.
And this expectation is corrupting the political elite even further; not only do they reject economic reform but want prompt subsidies for parastatals or huge bank loans with prompt government guarantee, symptoms of a Greek type of crisis.
Back in 1970 in his famous essay, 'The Silent Class Struggle,' Prof. Issa G. Shivji had cited as a remark a book title by Harry Oppenheimer, following the downfall of Dr Kwame Nkrumah, saying 'Ghana: End of an Illusion,' noting that it was vital to point out illusions while they are still standing up, not calling them illusions after they fail. Thus it is helpful if those who know a few things about how countries lurch into economic crises on the basis of frozen ideas of rent seeking classes like parastatal organizations and parliamentary lobbies tied to them, point out these illusions while there is still time. The way things are going, there are dangers of a chain of explosions from various quarters, as the state loses its authority, after its leading officials are smeared and government action is mired in confusion and witch-hunting.


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BioShock Infinite: The Siege of Columbia (Credit: Plaid Hat Games)
Times are tough for video game publishers.
Sales are down. Way down. Even buoyed by a couple of high profile, big-selling hits, March's numbers were down a full 10% compared to last year. The news is full of closings, layoffs, and downsizing; the year's already seen the piecemeal sale of one once-proud major publisher. Even Electronic Arts, home to powerhouse brands like The Sims and Madden, has been wracked by a wave of layoffs that have left a reported 1,000 jobless -- and rumor has it more are coming.
The reasons are many -- the floundering economy and the long wait for the next generation of consoles certainly haven't helped -- but whatever the cause, it's seen publishers turning to other revenue opportunities.
In recent years that's meant imaginative toy tie-ins, like Activision's lucrative Skylanders franchise, or perhaps big-budget movies like 2015's planned Ratchet & Clank. But one of the year's most interesting juxtapositions of traditional entertainment and the world of video games isn't either of those -- it's a board game.
We're not talking about board games your grandmother would recognize, like Clue and Monopoly (though those, too, continue their perennial popularity). Video game tie-in board games tend to be different. Dripping with game-licensed themes, packed with cool-looking components and rulebooks that run to tens of pages, learning their ins and outs can be an undertaking on the scale of mastering the games themselves. Or bigger.
The genre had a brief spell of popularity in the 80s, with classic-era characters like Mario, Pac-Man, and Donkey Kong all getting their own cardboard adaptations. But when newer, more complex European board games like Settlers of Catan sparked a worldwide renaissance in the tabletop pastime a few years ago, video game adaptations came along for the ride.
In recent years we've seen board game treatments of computer and console hits as diverse as online RPG World of Warcraft, timeless shooter Doom, hit pig-smasher Angry Birds, and even casual favorite Bejeweled, which gained a surprisingly authentic board game treatment this year at the hands of Hasbro.
Bejeweled, the board game (Credit: Hasbro)
Up next? What better than Irrational Games' Bioshock Infinite, which released in March to both critical and commercial success? A serious, weighty game, lauded by reviewers as among this generation's best, it's far from the guns-blazing Rambo action of the Call of Duty or Halo series. Set in 1912, it tells the story of Booker DeWitt, a former Pinkerton agent sent to rescue captive Elizabeth from the floating city of Columbia, while two warring factions vie to recapture the pair.
While Bioshock Infinite the video game may not support multiplayer, thanks to up-and-coming board game publisher Plaid Hat Games, its board game adaptation, dubbed "Bioshock Infinite: The Siege of Columbia," certainly will.
Board games ain't video games, and Plaid Hat hasn't fallen into the trap of trying to ape the electronic version's gameplay too closely. So rather than focusing on the small-scale, personal journey of Booker and Elizabeth, the game gives its players the big picture, five-thousand foot view, and control of the factions battling to control Columbia.
We asked Plaid Hat Games' Colby Dauch why.
"Revisiting [the video game] seems unnecessary," he told Yahoo! Games. "We don't have the same tools video games have at their disposal, and not everything a video game does can transfer over to a board game well."
Game card for BioShock Infinite board game (Credit: Plaid Hat Games)
"Fans of the video game will recognize some of the events," Dauch said, "but we also generalize more in the board game and go down alternate paths -- things that could have happened -- in an effort to tell a different story and also not spoil the video game's story line."
Releasing late summer and priced at $85, its cost is at the high end of normal for the new wave of serious board games, although discounts are available if you pre-order.
Will it turn around the fortunes of the beleaguered video game industry? Not on its own. Statistics on the sales of board games aren't public, but dollar figures for the entire board game industry -- including perennial big-sellers like Monopoly, Apples to Apples, and Ticket to Ride -- are easily outnumbered ten or fifteen to one by video game revenue.
But it's not hard to see a significant proportion of Bioshock Infinite purchasers -- which look set to approach 4.5 million by the end of the year -- being tempted at the prospect of taking another trip into Columbia.
For game news, free codes and more, Like us on Facebook and follow @yahoogames on Twitter!
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Alex Cobb allowed one run over 8 1/3 innings and struck out 12 batters in a 5-1 win over the Orioles on Saturday.
Michael Fulmer defeated the Twins in his Major League debut on Friday, allowing two runs on seven hits over his five innings of work.
Ryan Howard socked a walk-off solo homer in a 4-3 win over the Indians in 11 innings on Friday
Juan Nicasio was in dominant form in Friday's victory over the Reds, punching out eight over seven shutout innings of baseball.
Yoenis Cespedes had a two-run single and a grand slam in the third inning Friday as the Mets thrashed the Giants 13-1.
David Ortiz went 2-for-4 with a go-ahead two-run homer in a 4-2 win over the Yankees on Friday night.
Michael Saunders clobbered a pair of solo home runs on Friday, powering the Blue Jays to a 6-1 victory over the Rays in Tampa Bay.
Aaron Sanchez delivered an outstanding performance in Friday's victory over the Rays, racking up six strikeouts over seven scoreless innings of work.
Rockies activated OF Charlie Blackmon from the 15-day disabled list.
Jon Lester struck out 10 batters while yielding just one run over seven innings in Friday's 6-1 win over the Braves.
Alex Meyer will make his first major league start on Tuesday in Houston.
Athletics purchased the contract of LHP Sean Manaea from Triple-A Nashville.


text: Experts with the world's most discerning palates helped develop Riedel's Vinum series, a glassware collection designed to flatter specific types of wines and liquors. These elegant stemmed glasses showcase the best qualities of Brunello di Montalcino, one of Italy's most prestigious wines. A red wine made from Sangiovese Grosso grapes and aged for four years, Brunello is noted for its amber color, rich aroma and potent flavor.


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The 'Sky Pillar' (Japanese: そらのはしら Sora no Hashira) is a huge tower located in Hoenn located at Route 131. Appearing in Pokémon Ruby, Sapphire, and Emerald, it is the only place in the game where the player can encounter (and catch) Rayquaza. Many other species of high-level Pokémon also inhabit it, such as Dusclops and Altaria. The Mach Bike is needed to climb to higher floors, and is inaccessible in Ruby and Sapphire, until the Elite Four are beaten.
In Emerald, it is accessible the second time after you have woken the Rayquaza to confront the Groudon and Kyogre in Sootopolis City. You do not need to challenge the Elite Four to catch it, unless however you are playing the Sapphire/Ruby games.
Rayquaza is always level 70 when you battle it, which is a major help with the Elite Four.
- Golbat (Of course)
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How freaking awesome are robots? Robots have been a mainstay in most video games for years, and have given many a memorable moment in games. Whether they are remembered as enduring characters that help us or as an indomitable force … Continue reading
Posted in Editorials, Featured Tagged Borderlands, capcom, Clank, Claptrap, Cyrax, glados, Mega Man, Metal Gear, MG, Mortal Kombat, Ratchet & Clank, robots, Sektor, Smoke, Sub-Zero, valve 1 Comment


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Quick Links
Monkey see, monkey do?
The evolution/creationism controversy was featured on the May 27, 2005, installment of The Journal Editorial Report, a news and discussion program featuring members of The Wall Street Journal's editorial staff that airs weekly on PBS stations across the country.
Orr on "intelligent design" in The New Yorker
H. Allen Orr of the University of Rochester again takes on "intelligent design" in his essay "Devolution: Why intelligent design isn't," published in the May 30, 2005, issue of The New Yorker.
Kudos for Selman and Manely
Jeffrey Selman, the lead plaintiff in Selman et al. v. Cobb County School District et al., and Michael Manely, the Marietta, Georgia, lawyer who was the lead attorney for the plaintiffs in the case, received the Mary Beth Tinker Award in Washington, D.C., on May 18, 2005.
Antievolution bill dies in Missouri
When the legislative session of the Missouri House of Representatives ended on May 13, 2005, House Bill 35 died in the Education Committee. HB 35 provided that:
All biology textbooks sold to the public schools of the state of Missouri shall have one or more chapters containing a critical analysis of origins.
The New York Times in defense of evolution
The May 17, 2005, issue of The New York Times featured both a forceful editorial and a powerful op-ed article on the topic of threats to science education.
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