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I'm one of those "anal"yticals so economics is always at the top of my list when world-building. I'll give these a read for sure.
Why is it important to bring economics into your fantasy mapping? Well technically you dont really need it, but without doing the groundwork, you risk anyone with an analytical mind destroying the credibility of the world you build.
You may think that your island nation of Pirates may be able to support some of the best military units on your planet, but how feasible is this within your world, this is where working out the economy behind your nations is important.
Of course, you may explain that in your world, there is magic and money falls from the sky, and this is all well in what is fantasy; perhaps this is not the right document for you. But if you want to be more analytical then read on and you may find a decent way to work out the economy behind your nation.
Below you will find both the Tutorial (doc) and an Excel Spreadsheet (zip containing xls) I made for reference of formulas when you are building your spreadsheet as it can get complicated without some form of reference.
I'm one of those "anal"yticals so economics is always at the top of my list when world-building. I'll give these a read for sure.
If the radiance of a thousand suns was to burst at once into the sky, that would be like the splendor of the Mighty One...I am become Death, the Shatterer of worlds.
-J. Robert Oppenheimer (father of the atom bomb) alluding to The Bhagavad Gita (Chapter 11, Verse 32)
My Maps ~ My Brushes ~ My Tutorials ~ My Challenge Maps
Very nice! I know I'll make good use of this info
The funny thing about fantasy(and, for this purpose, I include science fiction in this category) cartography, is that you have to know more about the world to pull it off. In the real world the economics and geomorphology kinda... work themselves out. You just map out what is there*. To make a really good map of an imaginary world you really have to build that world.
Fortunately worldbuilding is my major interest, with cartography just 'cause... you know... who else is going to map my world.
Thanks for this resource. I will be checking this out in some depth.
*In theory, anyway. In practice, it can be a real chore to figure out where things actually are sometimes.
Astrographer - My blog.
-How to Fit a Map to a Globe
-Regina, Jewel of the Spinward Main(uvmapping to apply icosahedral projection worldmaps to 3d globes)
-Building a Ridge Heightmap in PS
-Faking Morphological Dilate and Contract with PS
-Editing Noise Into Terrain the Burpwallow Way
-Wilbur is Waldronate's. I'm just a fan.
I'm VERY excited to give this stuff a read.
I'm in the early stages of my worldbuilding, so this is a perfect time to start thinking about these things.
Right now I've got some basic countries and landmasses, but that's about it.
Sadly, my story is almost completely outlined (and in tons of detail), so now the worldbuilding is holding me back. I've got tons of work ahead of me.
I'm thinking you probably just saved me hours of research though.
I had a skim read through and i must say well done. Repped. *Tried to add rep but need to spread morea round first.
I love things that help you to create the world, in truth the prosess of creating a new world is the only real reason I'm into cartography. I don't think i'll ever get around to writing any stories in the near future.
People come and people go. I walk amongst them, I see their faces; but none see mine. I pass them in the streets but nary a glance is spared my way, for what interest would they have in a Wanderer? Not of this world... Forever Alone... Forever Wandering... LoneWandererD...
My DeviantART
Finished Maps
RIP Angel "Ingy" Yates - The first inspiration that guided me towards art. You will be missed...
Yknow, I don't know what happened to my post. i put in a comment right after ascension, rated and repped, and now the post is missing. this is not the first time I've seen this happen
Anyhow, nice stuff!
My finished maps
"...sometimes the most efficient way to make something look drawn by hand is to simply draw it by hand..."
Thanks for all the words of approval for my work.
su_liam - You should save time through using the same process I use. This is why I spent several hours trying to work out a way to use all the different elements to standardize the various economic and demographic elements of the world. I used to just work things out in my head and then once the map was finished I realised that, I had placed to many cities for some countries which was unrealistic for that portion of the world, worked out completely nonsensical statistics, which automatically disheartened me from continuing with that map.
Now I basically decide the size of that country based on my ideas and then everything else derives from that size and location on the planet and extrapolates to statistics which are consistent across the whole planet.
Also once you get the hang of using the excel spreadsheet and once you've done one Kingdom correctly you can quickly duplicate the results. I now can work out a whole kingdoms statistics in about 10 mins, something which used to take me several hours normally, and I still came up with inconsistent results.
FAHall - Its a good thing that you have a lot of the elements decided, I normally also like to have a mental picture of what I'm doing, but I use this system to test the feasibility of I'm doing. Especially since I tend to spurn magic in my world and thus have no other explanation for things.
The Kingdom Generator also ties up some of the loose ends that would take me a lot of effort to work out. Such as city populations etc that realistically would be very hard to work out by yourself and keep some consistency.
Anyway I really only documented the key information that is required for you to understand some of the more complex statistics of your nations and realms, and I took this on to understand military dynamics of countries. You could use this information to further understand other sectors of the economy. For example I have been working out how one would calculate the navy of a country, and costing patroling coastlines.
One could also use the government income and divide it up to understand different sectorial budgets which again you could use to work out whether certain infrastructural improvements and services are sustainable or affordable.
The importance of doing this kind of background understanding is that subconciously it will shape the story behind your world. For example I shaped three countries in one of my old maps which I used for this tutorial. These countries were the Kingdom of Harran an old Elven Kingdom, The Vasvar Empire, a very powerful human country with vast territories and the Republic of Cavains which I had split from Vasvar ages ago. Through my workings I realised that Cavains could not of survived Vasvar for the several years since independance unless they had military help from Harran. Thus it shaped my story, that Harran and Cavains had struck up an alliance together because of the menace of Vasvar. The astoundingly nice thing about it is that a war between Vasvar and Harran and Cavains would favour Vasvar in terms of numbers and military expenditure, but not by much. Thus the politics of the region have been shaped by understanding that the mere fact that Harran and Cavains exist, must of required them to ally togeher against a mutual enemy. This is a military example, but this is just one area that can be looked at.
You can literally work out the feasibility of everything. You could work out whether the cost of building 10 castles a year, a 500 meter bridge in the capital, and a golden statue to the gods is feasible. Its all about working out the budgets from income recieved, then looking at the cost elements required in building these things, in similar manner that I did in the military example at the end of my tutorial. I will no doubt cover this in a later tutorial, with an actual example.
Anyway once you start thinking like this, at least in my experience you wonder how you went without it as everything makes logical sense.
this is great thanks Terminal, as im still developing my world this is very handy. (repped)
I have just finished developing a method of working out navy support limits for countries. This should allow you to conclude how many warships your country is able to support, and it is based on considerably more factors than army size, largely because there are a lot of variables to consider in ship building. I say that it works out the naval limit, because it does not actually tell you how many ships your realm has, this figure will be a number between 0 and the naval limit. The reason for this is because ships unlike men are not so easily replaceable, thus we have to consider that after a naval defeat the actual number of ships remaining may be under this max number, and it requires significant capital and resources to replace that unit. At the start of your campaign one of your countries may have just had such an event thus the number will be below the support limit.
Anyway once I write it up I think you guys will understand better how I have come up with my conclusions. It will build upon what we have already done by setting up budgets derived from GDP etc.


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Bartemius Crouch Sr.
this wiki
|"Well, I think we should put it back in order for them, don't you?"
This article or section needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality.
- "Barty Crouch was a stiff, upright, elderly man, dressed in an impeccably crisp suit and tie. The parting in his short grey hair was almost unnaturally straight and his narrow toothbrush moustache looked as though he trimmed it using a slide-rule. His shoes were very highly polished."
- —Bartemius Crouch Sr.[src]
Bartemius "Barty" Crouch Senior[5] (d. 24 May, 1995[2]) was Head of the International Magical Co-operation in 1994[5].
Early life
- "Should have spent a bit more time at home with his family, shouldn't he? Ought to have left the office early once in a while... gotten to know his own son."
- —Sirius Black on Barty Crouch Sr.[src]
Nothing is known about Bartemius's childhood; however, he was trained in the magical arts and received a career at the Ministry of Magic[5]. He was married to a "wispy-looking little witch", and they had a son, who was named after him, Barty Crouch Jr[8]. Crouch quickly rose through the ranks of the Ministry of Magic and became the judge on the Council of Magical Law whilst heading the Department of Magical Law Enforcement[8]. Crouch spent much of his life in his career, and as such, did not pay enough attention to his family, especially his son[9].
First Wizarding War
During the downfall of the Death Eaters in the First Wizarding War, he convicted several of them to life imprisonment in Azkaban, including Sirius Black, who was sent to Azkaban without trial[9]. He authorised Aurors to use the Unforgivable Curses on their opponents if necessary, and went under the principles of "kill rather than capture" and "attack first, ask questions later"[9]. Crouch oversaw a trial where he had the Death Eater Igor Karkaroff set free in exchange for the names of several other Death Eaters, including Augustus Rookwood[8]. He also oversaw the trial of Ludo Bagman, but much to Crouch's fury, the Council cleared Bagman of all charges, though it should be noted that Bagman was merely an unknowing dupe rather than an actual Death Eater[8]. Although Crouch's tactics were cruel, most people believed that he was doing the right thing, as there would be no way to defeat Lord Voldemort otherwise. Many people predicted that Crouch would be the next Minister for Magic, since Albus Dumbledore refused the position multiple times[9].
- Barty Crouch Jr.: "I'm your son! I'm your son!"
- Barty Crouch Sr.: "You are no son of mine! I have no son!"
- — The final exchange between Barty Sr. and Barty Jr. before Barty Jr. was taken to Azkaban along with Bellatrix, Rodolphus, and Rabastan Lestrange.[src]
However, after Lord Voldemort's fall, Crouch got news that his own son had helped drive two Aurors - Alice and Frank Longbottom - insane through use of the Cruciatus Curse alongside with the three Lestrange Death Eaters, trying to learn where their master was in hiding[8]. A trial being the closest to fatherly affection he can give, Crouch did not make any difference for it despite his son being among the convicts[8]. Ignoring his son and wife's pleas, as well as the apparently not completely certain evidence that his son was guilty in the first place (it was later stated that there was some ambiguity about whether his son had taken part in the torture or merely been in the wrong place at the wrong time), he sentenced all four Death Eaters to Azkaban for life; his decision was met with the roaring approval of the court[8].
Hiding his son
For one as a favour to his dying wife, Crouch smuggled their son out of Azkaban[10]. His wife, in failing health, used Polyjuice Potion to pose as Barty Jr. in the prison cell until she died[10]. Because of the public reaction after his "son" died, Crouch Sr. lost his popularity and chance to become Minister for Magic and was shunted sideways to the Department of International Magical Cooperation, with Cornelius Fudge succeeding Millicent Bagnold as Minister instead[10]. Crouch Jr would later claim that his father saved him only as a favour for his wife, and that Crouch Sr himself "loved her as he never loved [his son]", though due to Crouch Jr's mental instability and biased hatred for his father at the time, it is possible that Barty Sr loved his son more than it appears, as he was able to sacrifice his wife into spending her last days in a place like Azkaban for their son's sake, and risk his own position in the Ministry despite his hatred for the Dark Arts and all who practice them[10]. Crouch took his real son home, where for twelve years he was placed under house arrest via the Imperius Curse, hidden under an Invisibility cloak[10]. As he never went to retrieve his wife's body from Azkaban, he staged her death, shortly after his son's assumed death. Crouch held a quiet, private funeral for his wife with an empty grave[10].
Discovery and aftermath
At some point while serving as Department Head, a Ministry worker named Bertha Jorkins called at the Crouch home with Ministry paperwork[10]. Crouch was out, but Bertha heard the family house-elf, Winky, talking to Barty Crouch Jr[10]. She heard enough to guess that it was Crouch Jr. hiding under an Invisibility cloak[10]. Upon his arrival home, Crouch assessed the situation and, fearing exposure, cast an extremely powerful Memory Charm on her, which accidentally caused Bertha some brain damage, although it was not noticeable except for a new tendency of forgetfulness[10]. Bertha went to work for Ludo Bagman at the Department of Magical Games and Sports[6].
Quidditch World Cup
Some time later, Winky convinced Crouch to take her and Barty to the Quidditch World Cup final, which was being held in England that year[10]. Crouch remained in his tent while Winky took Barty, hidden under an Invisibility cloak, up to a top box[10]. She covered her eyes for the duration of the match because she was so afraid of heights[10]. Barty, however, had awoken from the Imperius Curse and proceeded to steal Harry Potter's wand from his pocket, as Harry was sitting right in front of the invisible Barty[8]. He later used Harry's wand to cast Morsmordre[11]. Crouch saw the effect the spell had - the Dark Mark was hovering overhead - and hurried to the place where it had just been cast[11]. It was there that he found Harry, Ron and Hermione, as well as Winky in the bushes nearby with Harry's wand[11]. Crouch also found his invisible son on the ground, unconscious[10]. Crouch publicly dismissed Winky (ostensibly for disgracing him[11], but in reality for failing to supervise his son)[8]. After the witnesses to Winky's dismissal left, Crouch recast the Imperius Curse on Barty and returned home[8].
Meanwhile, Lord Voldemort had found and tortured Bertha Jorkins into telling him vital information about the present state of the Ministry, including the fact that Barty was alive and still loyal to the Dark Lord[8]. Wormtail and Voldemort travelled to the Crouch home, placed the Imperius Curse on Crouch himself and removed Barty to a separate location[8].
The Triwizard Tournament and death
Crouch was ordered to go to work and do all his usual jobs as if nothing had happened. This included becoming one of the judges in the Triwizard Tournament, which he, as the head of the Department of International Magical Cooperation, had helped plan out. When Crouch, along with Ludo Bagman, came to Hogwarts, Crouch was unable to get as much applause as Bagman did, probably partly because he was not a very pleasant-looking man. While this was happening, Crouch's son was also in Hogwarts, impersonating Alastor Moody and plotting to help his master rise to power. Crouch showed no sign of surprise, exhaustion or any emotion at all when the name of Harry Potter came from the Goblet of Fire, as a part of Voldemort's plan. Presumably due to Voldemort's influence, Crouch insisted that any person whose name came out of the Goblet had to compete in the tournament.
- "Yes. After a while he began to fight the Imperius Curse just as I had done. There were periods when he knew what was happening. My master decided it was no longer safe for my father to leave the house. He forced him to send letters to the Ministry instead. He made him write and say he was ill. But Wormtail neglected his duty. He was not watchful enough. My father escaped. My master guessed that he was heading for Hogwarts. My father was going to tell Dumbledore everything, to confess. He was going to admit that he had smuggled me from Azkaban."
- —Barty Crouch Jr. confessing under the effects of Veritaserum.[src]
Crouch soon started to resist the Imperius Curse, just like his son had done during his time under Crouch's control. Voldemort, fearing that people would become suspicious, ordered him to stay home and write letters, saying he was sick, with his duties as a Tournament judge being primarily carried out by Percy Weasley. This brought suspicion to some people, such as Sirius Black, who knew that Barty would never take a day off work simply because of illness. Eventually Crouch escaped and fled towards Hogwarts to warn Dumbledore about Voldemort's plans. Exhausted and slightly mad from the effects of Voldemort's mind-controlling spells, he staggered through the Forbidden Forest onto the Hogwarts grounds, eventually coming across Harry and Viktor Krum. Crouch's resisting of Voldemort's spells caused him to continuously talk to a nearby tree, thinking it was his assistant "Weatherby" and to think his wife and son were still alive and well. In a short sane state, Crouch asked to speak to Dumbledore, claiming that it was "all his fault". While Harry went to get him, Barty Jr. arrived (as Alastor Moody) and stunned Krum. Barty Jr. killed his father and transfigured the corpse into a bone, burying it in Rubeus Hagrid's garden. Barty Crouch, Jr. was later captured and admitted, under the influence of Veritaserum, to having murdered his father. Soon afterwards, he was subjected to the Dementor's Kiss.
Personality and traits
Crouch spoke in a curt voice[12], and seemed to be a very serious person in contrast to his peers; he did not smile or wave when his name was announced in the introduction to the Triwizard Tournament at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, whereas Ludo Bagman, Head of the Department of Magical Games and Sports, waved jovially and enthusiastically[5]. He was known to be a strict rule-follower, someone who would not hesitate to either give his own son to the Dementors, or dismiss a House-elf that had been a loyal servant.[9]
Physical appearance
Crouch had short gray hair with a neat parting, which was described as "almost unnaturally straight", and a narrow toothbrush moustache. He wore a black suit and highly polished shoes, making him look like a businessman[6]. In certain lights, such as in semi-darkness, he took on a skull-like appearance[12]
Magical abilities and skills
- Multilingualism: Ludovic Bagman stated in August of 1994 that Crouch can speak one hundred and fifty languages; the same day, Percival Weasley corrected him by boasting that Crouch could speak over two hundred, including Mermish, Gobbledegook and Troll[6].
- Charms: Crouch was able to effectively use the Portus spell, a charm used to create portkeys; indeed, he created portkeys across five continents, which he later described as "no mean feat".
Wife and son
- Barty Crouch Jr.: "Hello Father!"
- Barty Crouch Sr.: "You are no son of mine."
- — Bartemius Crouch Jr. talking to his father when he is being arrested.[src]
Bartemius did not pay enough attention to his son, until the day Crouch Jr. was caught in the company of three Death Eaters after the torture of Alice and Frank Longbottom. Crouch Sr. gave his son little more than the courtesy of a trial, something he did not always give other suspects, and oversaw it personally. In the end, Crouch Sr. merely used the trial to publicly disown his son, and showed no mercy as he sent him to Azkaban. However, he fulfilled his wife's dying wish and smuggled their son back out, keeping him hidden at home under the Imperius Curse for several years. This proved Crouch's undoing, as Lord Voldemort learned of the whereabouts of his servant and freed him, turning the tables on Crouch Sr. by Imperiusing him instead. Although Crouch eventually escaped, he was murdered by his own son when he attempted to warn Harry Potter and Albus Dumbledore of what had happened. His son felt like Barty Sr. loved his wife more than he had ever loved his son, but this was only the truth in the son's eyes and not necessarily the accurate truth. However, Barty Sr. seemed to put his public image first, as despite his son's pleas, he still sentenced him to Azkaban for life. Dumbledore lets on there was generally some doubt if Barty Jr. had been guilty or just in the wrong place at the wrong time, but this was only Dumbledore's point of view while he may not have known all the evidence. However, the love for his wife and son allowed Barty Sr. to be persuaded by her dying wish to smuggle their son out of prison, in exchange of her.
Winky the house-elf is an extremely devoted servant of Barty Crouch Sr.. She is very willing to help her master take care of his renegade son, and even obeyed his orders to stay on the Quidditch World Cup's top box, despite her acrophobia. Her loyalty may surpass the mere magic-bound duty of an average house-elf. Barty, in turn, treated Winky with no respect, and considered her nothing more than a slave. When she failed to restrain Barty Jr., Barty Sr. dismissed her, and thought of her as nothing as more than "something filthy contaminating his over-shined shoes" when she was screaming and begging for mercy at his feet. Winky was devastated by this dismissal, considered it a disgrace to her mother and grandmother, and this devastation worsened when she heard that Crouch was murdered by his own son.
Percy Weasley
Percival Weasley worked under Crouch for thirteen months, and was absolutely obsessed with him; indeed, Percy's brother Ronald joked in August of 1994 that he should be expecting their engagement any day[13]
Bertha Jorkins
Little is known of Crouch's relation toward Jorkins, although after her disappearance he spent some time convincing co-worker Ludovic Bagman to send someone out to look for her[6]. Crouch's employee Percy Weasley stated that Crouch appeared to be rather fond of Bertha[13]
- The name Bartemius originates from the Biblical name Bartimaeus, who was permanently blind all his life, until Jesus healed him. Reasons for naming after a blind man may be due to the fact Bartemius was quite oblivious to his family until his position of authority lowered.
- The surname Crouch is a variation of the English surname Cross.
Behind the scenes
- In the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Crouch is portrayed as a somewhat more cheerful character and a generally more likeable man. He congratulates Harry after the latter successfully completes the Second Task, but Barty, in the guise of Moody, interrupts their heartful conversation, asking whether Crouch was trying to get Harry into a summer internship at the Ministry. At this point, Crouch sees Moody twitch like Barty Jr, and actually seems to recognise it as his son. Instead of arriving in Hogwarts driven half-insane and subsequently disappearing, Harry, Ron, Hermione, and Hagrid later find Crouch dead in the Forbidden Forest.
- Also in the film, Dumbledore said that it destroyed Crouch to send his son to Azkaban. In the book, however, he seemed fully willing to do it and had no regrets about it. But the truth about the accurate case on that was not revealed. Also, the film version had no mention of Crouch's or the mother's part in his son's escape from Azkaban.
- In the film of The Goblet of Fire, Crouch was portrayed by Roger Lloyd-Pack who is best known for his roles as Trigger in Only Fools and Horses and Owen Newitt in the Vicar of Dibley. Lloyd Pack also appears in the revamped Doctor Who series episodes Rise of the Cybermen and Age of Steel along with David Tennant (who plays Barty Crouch Jr. in the Goblet of Fire film). In the latter appearance, the respective actors' roles are reversed however, with Tennant playing the main hero and Lloyd Pack playing a villain. Lloyd-Pack played John Lumic (ambitious leader of Cybus industries, formed his own version of the Cybermen) while Tennant played the Doctor
- In the novel, Crouch constantly refers to Percy Weasley as "Weatherby". This is very similar to Roger Lloyd-Pack's Only Fools and Horses character Trigger, who constantly refers to Rodney as "Dave". This is not seen in the film, as Percy was cut.
- Due to Percy's omission, Crouch Sr. took over the roles Percy had in the book of attending the Yule Ball and Second Task for the film. In the book, Crouch Sr. had disappeared due to a supposed "illness", which was actually him being placed under the Imperius Curse by Lord Voldemort and had to be hidden away due to signs of Crouch Sr. being able to resist it. It was through falsified letters that Percy took over the responsibilities in Mr. Crouch's place for those tasks in the book.
- It is a possibility that Crouch was a Slytherin and fought the Dark Arts only because he wanted to gain power in the ministry just like Merlin who fought for Muggle rights despite being a Slytherin. Crouch was power hungry and ambitious, he was the type of person who is most likely to be sorted in Slytherin.
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (First appearance)
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)
- LEGO Harry Potter: Years 1-4
Notes and references
- ↑ As one must be of age (seventeen years old) to be working at the Ministry, and he'd been working there for awhile, he evidently was older than seventeen by 1994.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 As fourth-years have transfiguration on Thursdays, and earlier that day Harry got held back in transfiguration, that day was a Thursday. According to that same chapter, it was in the last week of May. If this is correct, it happened on a Thursday in the last week of May. According to this calender produced by the Harry Potter Lexicon, that day was the 22nd. See this page for source on the year.
- ↑ Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Chapter Thirty-Six - The Parting of the Ways)
- ↑ Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Chapter Thirty-Two - Veritaserum)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Chapter Sixteen - The Goblet of Fire)
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Chapter Seven - Bagman and Crouch)
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)
- ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Chapter Thirty - The Pensieve)
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Chapter Twenty-Seven - Padfoot Returns)
- ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Chapter Thirty-Five - Veritaserum)
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Chapter Nine - The Dark Mark)
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Chapter Seventeen - The Four Champions)
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Chapter Five - Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes)


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Is the Second Amendment an Individual Right?
Recorded: Monday, June 9, 2008
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
An Independent Policy Forum held on 6/09/08. Joyce Lee Malcolm and Stephen Halbrook discuss the history of the Second Amendment and its interpretation in American law.
Experts: Stephen P. Halbrook, Joyce Lee Malcolm, David J. TherouxType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Constitutional Law, Gun Control, History (U.S)
Is the Second Amendment an Individual Right?
Recorded: Monday, June 9, 2008
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Last year, a federal appeals court overturned the District of Columbias ban on handguns. Now the U.S. Supreme Court will decide the case after nearly seventy years of silence on the Second Amendment.
Experts: Stephen P. Halbrook, Joyce Lee MalcolmType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Constitutional Law, Gun Control
What Should the U.S. Do about China?
Recorded: Wednesday, May 17, 2006
The recent U.S. alignment with India seems to be another indicator of an informal U.S. policy to contain China. Will strategic containment work if China is allowed to fully integrate itself with the world economy?
Experts: Ivan Eland, James Lilley, Eric McVadonType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Defense and Foreign Policy
Guns and Violent Crime
Recorded: Tuesday, September 21, 1999
With the recent school massacre in Littleton, Colorado; the shootings of Jewish children in Los Angeles; and rampant drive-by shootings and other atrocities, what can and should be done to protect the innocent against violence in American society? Can government protect the citizenry against gun-related violence? What is the record of individual self-defense against violence in Britain and the U.S.? In this very timely Independent Policy Forum, acclaimed historian Joyce Lee Malcolm and civil rights attorney Don Kates will examine gun laws, violence, and rights.
Experts: Don B. Kates Jr., Joyce Lee MalcolmType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Crime, Criminal Justice/ Prisons, Culture/ Society, Gun Control, Law Enforcement


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Global Rating: 5.00 from 3 reviews.
|City State/Province Country
|Flexible/Great Taps (5/5)
|Dec 12, 2013
|Rochester NY US
Very happy with these taps. Comfortable, more flexible than other taps. The inside of the shoe has a nice soft lining especially around the heel- this was lacking in many other shoes. They also look great. Nice sound, good quality. Great Price and VERY quick delivery. Would use this site again.
|Bloch Men's Tap Shoes (5/5)
|Nov 2, 2013
|K Jones
|Buffalo NY US
|Really appreciated how quickly my order was processed and shipped. The price was ideal, even with the shipping added on. I told others about your site due to my complete satisfaction. I only wish you carried larger sizes, as my son is still growing and I know he'll need a larger size soon. I would definetly order from you again.
|Bloch Tap-Flex tap shoes (5/5)
|Mar 8, 2014
|I've only had the shoes for a few days and so I can't really comment on the build quality. They are comfortable and seem to be well made. The fit seems right. I'm a 10 and I bought a 10. The service was outstanding. There was a mix up with the order and it was corrected immediately; a new pair was on it's way in about 20 minutes. Very nice people. The shipping is a little pricey but they get them to you with 2 day priority. Make sure you know your size because having to return them for another pair would be expensive.
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A number of solar restaurants have been established in various parts of the world as income-producing enterprises.
Recent news and developments
- December 2012: In the hot and dry village of Villaseca in central Chile, the sun's rays are hard at work here at Delicias del Sol restaurant, cooking up delectable dishes in the eatery's 20 solar ovens. The ovens were originally introduced to the village as a trial project from the University of Chile and the Institute for Nutrition and Food Technology. Delicias del Sol, which started out with a 16 person capacity, now seats 120. The future looks bright for Delicias del Sol. Read more...
See also
[[Video:Solar Cooking |thumb|400px|left|A restaurant in Thailand grills with a Helios Array, October 2010.]]
Latin America
[[Video:Cocinas Solares en San Pedro de Atacama Chile.-|thumb|350px|left|Solar cooking at Restaurant Ayllu in San Pedro de Atacama, Chile.]]
Middle East
North America
All articles about solar restaurants or bakeries
See also
- January 2009: Solar community bakeries on the Argentinean Altiplano - Christoph Müller
- July 2006: Use of the Scheffler solar oven for the making of bread with kiwicha (Amaranthus C.) and quinua (Quenopodum Q. W.) in the North of Argentina - Armando Alvarez
- Cooking for large groups
- Scheffler Community Kitchen
- Income generation
- Solar food processing


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Fall in Love the Rumi Way
Intimacy with other people and with the divine is more about friendship--and hard work--than romance.Beliefnet talked with Barks recently about his latest collection, "Rumi: The Book of Love."
Your new collection refers to Rumi as "the ultimate poet of love." In your introduction, you say that the media and popular culture have lied to people about love. What are they saying that doesn't ring true?
I don't focus so much on the lies as on the truths that Rumi is trying to open for us. But there are ideas that are out there for sentimental reasons. There's the idea that you can take the personal into a deep love. Rumi says you really have to empty out to be in the state he calls love.
It's akin to something like work. The lover and the worker are identical. It's rare that you have a love song in our culture that ends, as Rumi often does, in the admonition that you need to have a daily practice--something to remind you of the deepest part of your being which is beyond the emotions and beyond desire.
But there are all different stages of love, and Rumi affirms them all, no matter how shallow. All that emotion drawing together is from the movers, part of the action of the mystery.
Rumi says the way that lovers are brought together, and why one person is drawn to one person rather than to another, is God's sweetest secret. It's a total mystery. Rumi says that in the motion from romance to friendship [we reach] a deeper level of connection.
Maybe that's what the popular culture is lying about. There's this idea of romance-that ache of separation and longing-you find in Dr. Zhivago or Romeo and Juliet. Lovers are always in a rush in train stations. That ache of unsatisfied passion is celebrated, and has been, in Western culture since the 12th century.
In one poem, Rumi says "Fall in love in such a way that it frees you from any connecting." This is unusual and counterintuitive in terms of what we're brought up with.
People who are together justare
each other; they don't feel the phone call angst. [In another poem, Rumi says] "Lovers don't meet somewhere, they're in each other all along."
More from Beliefnet


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The critically endangered dusky gopher frog, Lithobates sevosus
The critically endangered Lithobates sevosus. Credit: Stephen C. Richter
Amphibian species worldwide are in rapid decline. One of the most common reasons for this decline is the spread of the chytrid fungus. The dusky gopher frog Lithobates sevosus is more threatened than any other species of amphibian found in the United States; L. sevosus has been listed as a Critically Endangered Species by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and as Endangered by the US Endangered Species Act. However, in contrast with many other amphibian species L. sevosus is not affected by the chytrid fungus. Therefore it is important to understand the unique requirements of this species in each stage of its life cycle as well as the variety of factors to which it is vulnerable. The synonym Rana sevosa is commonly encountered in the historical literature on the taxon dusky gopher frog.
Terrestrial surroundings are vital to amphibians as they provide habitat outside of the breeding season, in addition to a means of migration to breeding ponds. During the breeding season, Lithobates sevosus requires temporary, upland ponds. For the remainder of the year this species occupies longleaf pine ecosystems, which are maintained by periodic fires. While in the terrestrial habitat, L. sevosus utilizes burrows, predominantly those excavated by the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus. These burrows provide dusky gopher frogs with protection from predators and unfavorable weather conditions, and also serve as a source of food supply. The suppression of natural fires has caused modification in the longleaf pine ecosystem by promoting tree growth where they formerly did not occur. This alteration contributes to a decreased density of available burrows which negatively impacts L. sevosus and other species that depend on these refuges. Example of a burrow excavated by the gopher tortoise and utilized by a gopher frog. Credit: Elizabeth Roznik
Demography and distribution
There are two known, documented populations of dusky gopher frogs. The more well-known population consists of approximately 100 adults and is located at Glen's Pond in Harrison County, Mississippi. The second population is located at Mike's Pond in Jackson County, Mississippi. These two populations are geographically isolated from one another at a distance of about 32 km.
In 2000, the dusky gopher frog was found throughout the region known as the Coastal Plain in the Florida panhandle and extended throughout Alabama and Mississippi. By the following year the distribution had been critically reduced to a single known location in De Soto National Forest in Harrison County, Mississippi. The Mike's Pond population, which consists of fewer than fifty individuals, may no longer exist.
Biotic interactions
Though the dusky gopher frog is critically endangered, the southern leopard frog Lithobates sphenocephalus is neither reduced nor endangered. The possibility of competition between the southern leopard frog, which is widely distributed throughout the southeastern United States, and the dusky gopher frog has been considered as a cause for decline. However, there has been no evidence found to support the hypothesis, as observations indicated an increase in the survival of dusky gopher frog tadpoles in aquatic enclosures with southern leopard frog tadpoles.
The dusky gopher frog breeds in temporary, upland ponds. Outside of the breeding season they occupy nearby longleaf pine forests and utilize burrows made by small mammals and the gopher tortoise as well as holes left by tree stumps. This species has been observed at rest outside of selected burrows in the soil and in direct sunlight. Observations of L. sevosus movements outside of the breeding season found that adult individuals travel relatively short distances of under 300 m and most of their movements are associated with rainfall events. Less information is known on the movement behaviors of juvenile dusky gopher frogs, though observations of the closely related Rana capito have shown juveniles to emigrate much greater distances. Since gopher frogs breed from winter to early spring, L. sevosus does not hibernate. Example of a longleaf pine ecosystem. Credit: Elizabeth Roznik
The reproductive success of the breeding season may depend on the water levels and length of time that such levels are maintained. A hydroperiod must have a duration of at least 195 days in order for L. sevosus tadpoles to complete metamorphosis. An inefficient length of time likely results in tadpole mortality. The cause of a short hydroperiod is often linked to an insufficient amount of annual rainfall.
Many amphibians have an assortment of antimicrobial peptides in their skin secretions that serve as a method of defense which are released as a response to injury. Seven histamine-releasing peptides of the four families brevinin-1, ranateurin-2, esculentins-1 and esculentins-2 are present in the skin secretions of the dusky gopher frog. These peptides were shown to hinder growth of two strains of bacteria, M. luteus and E. coli. While there were no differences in antimicrobial behaviors of peptides between male and female specimens, an additional histamine-releasing peptide was observed in female skin secretions. An immunomodulatory peptide Tyrosine Arginine, the second member of a newly discovered class of peptides associated with formation of various types of blood cells was also isolated in L. sevosus. Genetic variation of the single remaining L. sevosus population has been compared to two closely related species, Rana capito and Rana areolata, since no other metapopulations of L. sevosus were available for comparison.
Genetic variation was found to be lower in L. sevosus than the non-isolated populations they were compared to. L. sevosus had less genetic variation in individual loci and both lower observed heterozygosity, referring to having two or more genes on the same chromosome, and expected heterozygosity for six of seven loci. L. sevosus was the only species of the three to show an allele frequency shift as a result of losing low-frequency alleles that indicated a recent bottleneck occurred in this species.
Human interaction
Human activities, such as deforestation, development and controlled burning are known to have negative effects on amphibians. The longleaf pine ecosystem is maintained by periodic fire, so mortality due to fires is not of main concern. The habitat around Glen's Pond has been clearcut and there are indications that this area was utilized by the dusky gopher frog prior to alteration but has been avoided since. The development of a retirement community 200 miles north of Glen's Pond was initiated in 2001, in addition to the clearcut site. Other construction plans have been proposed in nearby areas that include a dam, sewage treatment plant and highway expansion. It is likely that the distribution of the dusky gopher frog has been reduced by surrounding areas of development. This species may also be exposed to fertilizer run-off and affected by recreational activities.
Conservation and management
Movements of L. sevosus outside of the breeding season suggest that adjacent forests be protected in addition to the breeding area. A buffer zone of 1000 m of land around ponds may be sufficient to incorporate the longleaf pine ecosystems. There are two ponds near Glen's Pond which are not being utilized by the dusky gopher frog but could potentially be colonized if these areas are protected from human development, runoff, and other disturbances.
Movements of the gopher frog may be a good comparison to determine if emigration behavior of juvenile frogs are affected by fire-suppressed habitat within a longleaf pine ecosystem. Juvenile gopher frogs are more likely to utilize areas maintained by fires and avoid areas where hardwoods occurred, a characteristic of a fire-suppressed area. Areas maintained by fires often contain a greater density of available burrows than areas affected by fire-suppression. Juveniles may return to natal pond if suitable terrestrial habitat is unavailable or inaccessible. Movement behaviors of R. capito also suggest that amphibians may utilize unpaved roads during emigration, which cause the frogs to become more vulnerable to vehicles. The gopher frog, a closely related species to the dusky gopher frog. Credit: Elizabeth Roznik
L. sevosus tadpoles have a higher success rate in open-canopy temporary ponds than shaded areas. Since these types of ponds rarely occur in Mississippi, prescribed fires may be used to open up closed-canopy ponds. This approach would have to be done carefully as to avoid negative impact on the habitat and requires that this be done in an area that is historically open.
The utilization of well water to maintain levels of Glen's Pond is a potential solution for the premature decrease in water levels. There have been successful studies with the supplementation of well water, though further research is required before this method can be implemented as a conservation strategy.
The loss of genetic diversity in the isolated Glen's Pond population of L. sevosus suggests the necessity for conservation strategies to focus on an increase in genetic variation. To do so, egg masses raised in captivity should be sampled and selected for genetic diversity by genotyping a small number of eggs in each mass before being introduced into Glen's Pond. Individuals of the Mike's Pond population could also be transplanted into Glen's Pond to increase genetic variability. Since it is not known whether or not the Mike's Pond population persists, the area should continue to be surveyed for dusky gopher frog individuals. Captive populations could also be transplanted into the wild since wild populations are drastically reduced. Dusky gopher frog egg mass. Credit: Stephen C. Richter
Since the survival of this species depends on the availability of longleaf pine habitats, it is vital to educate the public on the importance of protecting these areas from urban development. Besides education, the most important method of management of L. sevosus is to protect the entire inhabited area, meaning Glen's Pond and the surrounding forests. Further research should be done on the movement patterns and behavior of dusky gopher frogs to ensure the entire inhabited area is protected from development and other human activities. Since this species has been shown to do poorly in response to human activity, it is vital to provide a habitat with limited human interaction. L. sevosus is also sensitive to chemical runoff, so the protected area must be far enough from development that runoff does not enter the buffer zone.
Further research should also be done to find any possible remaining individuals from the Mike's Pond population. In addition, suitable habitats located nearby either of the two ponds must be searched for dusky gopher frog individuals. Since the distribution of this species once extended throughout the southern United States, suitable habitats in their former range should be found for population reintroduction. To increase genetic diversity, individuals from the Glen's Pond location and those raised in captivity could be relocated to Mike's Pond or other suitable habitats within the protected area. Studies must be done prior to translocation to ensure the potential habitats meet the requirements of L. sevosus and that their presence would not disrupt other species.
Decreased hydroperiod poses a major threat to the reproductive success of L. sevosus, so it is vital to pursue the possibility of well water usage to supplement pond levels. Further research should focus on the rate of survival in individuals following metamorphosis in well water and potential effects of pH alteration. This method should be repeated in natural settings as well as in a laboratory setting to explore all potential outcomes. Since L. sevosus is a Critically Endangered species, closely related species should be used in place during experimental procedures that require the use of live specimens. Previous experiments have used leopard frog tadpoles in place of dusky gopher frogs, since this species is not currently in decline.
A controlled fire regime must be thoroughly researched before being implemented. The objective of conservation for this species should focus on protecting suitable habitat without degrading the habitat or negatively affecting other species. Longleaf pine ecosystems are necessary for the survival of dusky gopher frogs yet this habitat has been up to 98% reduced due to fire-suppression. Since natural fires do not occur frequently enough to support the open-canopy habitat preferred by L. sevosus, a well-planned fire regime, in addition to tree removal, could benefit this species.
Several factors are responsible for the reduction of the population of the dusky gopher frog. Therefore, no single conservation method can be expected to reverse the population decline. The integration of several well-planned methods significantly increases the potential for this species to persist. After efforts have been made to understand the unique requirements of the species, a strategy must be developed that focuses on maintaining suitable habitat for each life stage of L. sevosus and to increase genetic diversity. Also, the importance of public education on species decline should not be overlooked in the design of a conservation plan for this unique species.
Anonymous 2000; 2000. Legislation & conservation.Herpetological Review 31(3):131-131.
Graham, C., A. E. Irvine, S. McClean, S. C. Richter, P. R. Flatt, and C. Shaw. 2005. Peptide tyrosine arginine, a potent immunomodulatory peptide isolated and structurally characterized from the skin secretions of the dusky gopher frog, Rana sevosa. Peptides 26(5):737-743.
Graham, C., S. C. Richter, S. McClean, E. O'Kane, P. R. Flatt, and C. Shaw. 2006. Histamine-releasing and antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the dusky gopher frog, Rana sevosa. Peptides 27(6):1313-1319.
Hammerson, G., S. C. Richter, R. Siegel, L. LaClaire, and T. Mann. 2004. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, . Available from http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/58714/0 (accessed October 17 2011).
Jones, M. S., B. Stiles, L. J. Livo, and B. Christman. 2000. Natural history notes: Anura. Herpetological Review 31(2):99-99.
Richter, S. C., and R. E. Broughton. 2005. Development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci for the endangered dusky gopher frog, Rana sevosa, and two closely related species, Rana capito and Rana areolata. Molecular Ecology Notes 5(2):436-438.
Richter, S. C., B. I. Crother, and R. E. Broughton. 2009. Genetic consequences of population reduction and geographic isolation in the critically endangered frog, Rana sevosa. Copeia (4):799-806.
Richter, S. C., J. E. Young, R. A. Seigel, and G. N. Johnson. 2001. Postbreeding movements of the dark gopher frog, Rana sevosa Goin and Netting: Implications for conversation and management. Journal of Herpetology 35(2):316-316.
Roznik, E. A., and S. A. Johnson. 2009. Canopy closure and emigration by juvenile gopher frogs. Journal of Wildlife Management 73(2):260-268.
Roznik, E. A. and S. A. Johnson. 2009. Burrow use and survival of newly metamorphosed gopher frogs, Rana capito. Journal of Herpetology 43(3): 431-437.
Seigel, R. A., A. Dinsmore, and S. C. Richter. 2006. Using well water to increase hydroperiod as a management option for pond-breeding amphibians. Wildlife Society Bulletin 34(4):1022-1027.
Thurgate, N. Y., and J. H. K. Pechmann. 2007. Canopy closure, competition, and the endangered dusky gopher frog. Journal of Wildlife Management 71(6):1845-1852.


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Tuesday Nov 30 2010
Tuscan home is holiday wonderland on Loomis tour
By: Joyia Emard Home & Garden
Five residences to be featured on Dec. 11 fundraiser for schools
Stunning is the best word to describe a spacious Tuscan-style home featured on the Loomis Basin Holiday Home Tour. Quintessa Farm glitters in an array of holiday decorations that include a living room area awash in sparkling silver and white decorations and a family room boasting traditional Christmas decor. Quintessa Farm is just one of five outstanding homes showcased on the Loomis Basin Holiday Home Tour Saturday, Dec. 11. The tour is sponsored by the Loomis Basin Education Foundation and benefits the students of the Loomis Union School District. Homeowner Toni Pierce spends weeks decking out her 7,200-square-foot home in various themes. The kitchen has a candy theme, the living room area is winter wonderland, the master bedroom and bath feature peacock-inspired decorations. Other rooms are filled with holiday items that create the feeling of being under the sea or in a fairy-filled woodland. The office is decked in holly and ivy and a bedroom features Disney items. Twenty-two Christmas trees, including eight that are fully decorated, fill the home. Quintessa Farm is splendid, even without seasonal decorations. Indoors, the home boasts a frescoed dome ceiling, natural stone and walnut floors, hand-hewn ceiling beams, sculpted ceilings, custom-made iron stairwell railings, and granite and onyx countertops. The decorated outdoor loggia includes a cozy fireplace and entertainment area. Beyond the swimming pool, a two-bedroom guest-house, decorated in a rustic hunting lodge theme, offers a manly retreat for the big-game enthusiast. A wine cellar houses a number of vintage wines the family brings out for special occasions. The Pierces also raise American miniature horses on their 6-acre property. Pierce said it took 18 months to build the 3-year-old home. She said she and her husband, Dennis, found a floor plan they liked in a book and then personalized it. "I wanted to have a room large enough to hold my entire family for Christmas. We usually have about 20 people," Pierce said. Her family includes grown children Matt, 30; Jeff, 29; Melisse Moran, 33; and adopted children Brielle, 15, a Del Oro High School sophomore, and Austin, 12. The Pierces have two granddaughters, Sophia and Layla, both age 2, and two more grandchildren due to be born this spring. Joan Nepa, Pierce's mother, lives in Sun City Lincoln and also joins in family celebrations. The family room offers plenty of room for celebrating and boasts vaulted ceilings and lots of ledges and mantels that Pierce arrays in eye-popping decorations. Those decorations include a six-foot Christmas tree on the fireplace mantel and a 12-foot live Christmas tree bedecked in old-fashioned Christmas decorations. "I get ideas for my holiday decorating from local home stores. I check out the displays, buy the decorations and bring them home," Pierce said. She said she then puts her own spin on them. The Pierce family owns J.R. Pierce Plumbing in Rocklin, which was originally located in the Bay Area. Pierce said her husband's great grandfather won the business in a poker game in 1927. Along with Quintessa Farm, the other homes on the tour include a modern-day castle, a historic Victorian mansion, a charming country home and a Santa Barbara-inspired villa. ------------ Loomis Holiday Home Tour What: Self-guided tour of five Loomis Basin homes decorated for the holidays. Funds raised benefit the Loomis Basin Education Foundation When: 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Saturday, Dec. 11 Tickets $25 in advance, $30 on tour day. Available in Loomis at Blue Goose Produce, High Hand Nursery and the Flower Farm; in Auburn at Eisley Nursery; in Rocklin at Pottery World; and in Roseville at California Backyard. More information: lbef.net


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this wiki
|Eight Trigrams Sealing Style [1]
|Hakke no Fūin Shiki
|English anime
|Eight Sign Seal
|Alternative names
|Eight Trigram Divination Seal Spell Formula[2]
|Volume #1, Naruto Chapter #1
|Naruto Episode #1
|Naruto 6: Road to Ninja
|Naruto Shippūden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 3
|Appears in
|Anime, Manga, Game, Movie
|Other jutsu
|Parent jutsu
The Eight Trigrams Sealing Style, consisting of two Four Symbols Seals, was used by Minato Namikaze to help Naruto Uzumaki access the chakra of Kurama, the tailed beast sealed within him.
To perform the technique, the user must first summon a ceremonial throne and place the target on it.[3] The seal was not automatically visible on Naruto's belly, but became perceptible whenever he drew Kurama's chakra.[4]
Whenever Naruto and Kurama conversed, it occurred within Naruto's subconscious, which was depicted as a basement of a boiler room or a sub-level of a power plant, with pipes running across the ceiling and the floor being flooded over with water. On the entrance gate of Kurama's cage, there was a parchment of paper that said "seal" (封), which covered the lock that kept the fox in.[5][6] Minato also sealed his and Kushina's remaining chakra into Naruto with this seal. Minato appeared in Naruto's subconscious when Naruto transformed into his eight-tailed form,[7] and restored the seal to its original strength, but he could only do it once.[8] Kushina also appeared and assisted Naruto when he later fought Kurama to control its chakra.[9]
Although the seal itself was seemingly destroyed during Naruto and Kurama's fight,[10] it evolved into a new, stronger seal that consisted of massive torii that was capable of imprisoning the fox with ease after Naruto separated it from its chakra and merged with his own. The new seal's gate has the same lock as its previous one.[11]
Because the seal itself would naturally weaken over time, Minato, before his death, created the key, on the abdomen of the scroll toad Gerotora, that can either strengthen or completely remove the seal. He gave it to Jiraiya for safekeeping, with an intention to give it to Naruto by the time he would need Kurama's power to fight against Tobi.[12][13][14]
- ↑ First Databook, page 216
- ↑ Naruto Collectible Card Game
- ↑ Naruto chapter 504, page 7
- ↑ Naruto chapter 49, page 7
- ↑ Naruto chapter 95, pages 13-15
- ↑ Naruto chapter 496, page 11
- ↑ Naruto chapter 439, page 17
- ↑ Naruto chapter 440, page 15
- ↑ Naruto chapter 498, page 8
- ↑ Naruto chapter 497, pages 2-3
- ↑ Naruto chapter 499, pages 13-15
- ↑ Naruto chapter 504, page 9
- ↑ Naruto chapter 370, pages 7-10
- ↑ Naruto chapter 489, page 14


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On Sale Touring Tote Diaper Bag - Casbah Nights by Petunia Pickle Bottom
Limited quantities available at this price. Please call 877-214-6875 during normal business hours to confirm availability. This is a final sale item and cannot be returned.Convenience meets sophistication with the Casbah Nights Touring Tote Diaper Bag. This beautiful diaper bag features a modern medallion pattern in black and gray with a pop of yellow and hand embroidered details. The Glazed collection of baby bags features a (pvc free) coated-canvas fabric, providing a wipe-able and water-repellent matte finish that makes cleaning a cinch. As pretty as it is practical, this collection combines wonderful designer touches with unique hand embroidered accents. The Touring Tote by Petunia Pickle Bottom is part shoulder bag and part stroller bag, offering true elegance with uncompromising functionality. A perfect fit for the fashion forward mom, it transitions beautifully from day to night and from shoulder to stroller, with unparalleled style. Touring Tote Features Include:
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Leading you to an educated decision.
Personal Protective Equipment - provides protection after an arc flash incident has occurred and should be viewed as the last line of protection. Reducing the frequency and severity of incidents should be the first option and this can be achieved through a complete arc flash hazard assessment and through the application of technology such as High Resistance Grounding which has been proven to reduce the frequency and severity of incidents.


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It's not him, he posted it for someone else. This thread is full of jelly, and they're sitting on the BB forums Lolling away. Let the thread die.
i look like that after i smoke a cigarette and get out the shower
Skylake & Maxwell gaming build 2015
6700K 4.7GHz | H100i GTX | Asus Z170 Maximus Viii Gene | Carbide Air 240 | Corsair LPX 16GB | GTX 980 Gaming G1 |
Samsung 850 EVO | Corsair RM750i | Razer BW Chroma - Razer Deathadder Chroma | AOC 24 G-Sync 144Hz |
If you look up his post history, the guy is a complete idiot. Typical 4chan user status really. I hope the roids finish him off.
---------- Post added 2013-01-21 at 06:35 PM ----------
Last edited by iggie; 2013-01-21 at 10:37 AM.
I don't get why people think the second one looks good. To much muscle is so ugly its borderline disgusting. For me it would be enough to be fit and you see the the beginning of muscle or a nudge above that.
And no, this guy was clearly on steroids. It seems people dont understand how common steroids truly are in the gym culture. I would warrant at least half of the people at commercial gyms have at some point at least tried steroids. This guy doesn't look like a natural bodybuilder... his musculature is too uneven. If the weights are to believed, it looks like he gained around 20 lbs of muscle and lost 10 lbs of fat. That's virtually impossible to do in two years even when you are young.
This guy is a natural bodybuilder, you will notice how his musculature looks proportional and his abs are flatter:
Last edited by jbhasban; 2013-01-21 at 03:57 PM.
well I put it this way... I would say these are pictures of 2 different people...
so its a very astounding transformation OR a very cheap troll.
I for one am sceptical... until I see an old pic with face... which will never happen, not necessary because you cant proof it, rather because in roughly 1minute I will forget about all this and never check it again...
---------- Post added 2013-01-23 at 09:55 AM ----------


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Welcome to the forums, Ironreich! That's a good looking map, way better than my first (and only) digital try Brave to try something so new in a commission job, and I'm sure the client is really happy with it. I'm afraid I can't offer any useful answer to your query, but I have a couple of other suggestions.
I don't think the coastline quite matches the other stuff; it's too thick and sharp, and doesn't have the same amount of detail as the mountains and forests (which are great).
The large lake on the southwestern continent has two exits into the sea, which is unlikely. I'd remove the connection between it and the small lake to solve that. Unless the client needs that river of course.


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May 6, 2016
A small group of 40-50 marines returned home Thursday to Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point in Havelock in Craven County. The unit is the Marine Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Squadron or the VMU- 2. According to officials at Cherry Point, they were in Afghanistan for the past 6 months serving the Regional Command Southwest. The group was in Afghanistan to perform a NATO mission.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


text:
Glassdoor's 'Employee Choice Awards for 'Best Places To Work' winners were announced. It's decided by votes from employees. Click here for the Top 50!
Facebook came in #1 again for a second year in a row. Here's one of the employee reviews that got Facebook on top:
Pros – Facebook is full of extremely capable and smart people. The lines are very short, and it's easy to get a hold of the right person to talk to on any topic. There's no red tape, so it's really up to you to have a big impact on the product and the world. People who make a big impact are recognized and rewarded, regardless of their job title or level of experience. The company's leadership truly believes in Facebook's mission to make the world more open and connected. Teams are small and have a lot of autonomy, and it's amazing to see how much of a difference a single person can make at this place.
Cons – The downside having so much going on all at once is that it takes energy and discipline to stay focused on those things that matter most. You need to embrace this challenge to get the most out of your experience.


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» Study Abroad & Exchange Programs:
Offering students a variety of stimulating programs in many foreign countries. New programs are added each year.
» International Student Services:
Providing orientation, counseling and immigration services to international students and scholars.
» The Haggerty Intensive English Language Program:
Offering language instruction to non-native English speakers at all levels of proficiency.
» Bi-National Programs:
Providing opportunities for international students to complete up to half of New Paltz degree requirements in their home countries.
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It i very hard to comment on the city at this stage, because there isn't any info yet, but it has a mosaic look to it. It's kinda pretty and a bit mesmerising, actually. Maybe that could give you ideas for final presentation.
Keen to see how it progresses.
PS: I think the word you're after is 'conurbation'.


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August 5, 2012
Jake Rowe
Football season is just under a month away, and no one is more ready than Hutchinson Community College (Hutchinson, Kan.) defensive lineman Toby Johnson.
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Search Swinburne Research Bank
Home List of Titles Large and opposite changes of the third-order optical nonlinearities of chalcogenide glasses by femtosecond and continuous-wave laser irradiation
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/196116
|Download PDF (Published version) (Adobe Acrobat PDF, 196 KB)
- Title
- Large and opposite changes of the third-order optical nonlinearities of chalcogenide glasses by femtosecond and continuous-wave laser irradiation
- Author(s)
- Zhang, Qiming; Liu, Wei; Liu, Liying; Xu, Lei; Xu, Yinsheng; Chen, Guorong
- Abstract
- We report that the nonlinear refractive index (n2) of As2S3 glass can be enhanced after irradiation by a femtosecond laser but suppressed after irradiation by a continuous-wave (cw) laser, although both the femtosecond laser and cw laser induce photodarkening in the glass. Photodarkening by the femtosecond laser increases n2 by as much as 50%, while irradiation by a subbandgap cw laser decreases n2 by as much as 60% of its original value. The results provide a way to manipulate the third-order optical nonlinearity of this photonic glass. Mechanisms of the optical nonlinearity changes are discussed.
- Publication type
- Journal article
- Source
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 91, no. 18 (2007), paper no. 181917
- Publication year
- 2007
- FOR Code(s)
- 01 Mathematical Sciences; 02 Physical Sciences; 09 Engineering
- Keyword(s)
- Chalcogenide glasses; Continuous-wave lasers; Femtosecond lasers; Irradiation; Nonlinear refractive index; Optical properties
- Publisher
- American Institute of Physics
- 0003-6951
- Publisher URL
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2007 American Institute of Physics. Published version of this paper reproduced here in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher.
- Full text
- Peer reviewed


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Holiday Apartment "Verona" is located in a quiet area of Verona, about 1 km from the Exhibition Centre and 2.5 km. from the railroad station. Small and comfortable, the facility features a studio with double bed. You can add an extra... Plus d'informations
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Log in
The late November issues of MiBiz includes a supplement on the nonprofit sector in Michigan featuring comments by Kyle Caldwell, president of the Michigan Nonprofit Association, and Bobbe A. Luce, director of ONEplace@kpl. Their article on the growth in nonprofit employment (1.3% per year) during the recession highlights ways the sector is helping turn the economy around and build the capacities of nonprofit professionals and organizations to function more efficiently and effectively.
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Posted by Bobbe Luce at 11/30/2010 10:05:51 AM |


text:
Back to page
this wiki
Game images
I know this isn't usually done, but since we've got canon scenes in Ultimate Ninja Storm 3, should we use them in replacement of certain images (such as the one showing Kurama and Naruto teaming up) until an anime image comes up ? Or do we still want to use the manga images ? --Speysider Talk Page | My Image Uploads | Tabber Code | Channel 21:15, March 15, 2013 (UTC)
- You'll have to wait for me to actually do the game on YT first to get the image, if someone else has the game and can get an image, feel free. --Speysider Talk Page | My Image Uploads | Tabber Code | Channel 09:36, March 16, 2013 (UTC)
False Info
Kurama was also believed to be played a role in enhancing the Uzumaki clan's healing ability that Naruto inherited from his mother.Why is this mentioned ? Kurama's main abilities is to rapidly regenerate any damage to Naruto which is true so this statement should be reworded and cited. --Speysider Talk Page | My Image Uploads | Tabber Code | Channel 16:33, April 10, 2013 (UTC)
Did a databook actually ever confirm that Kurama heals Naruto, or rather stating that Kurama has a healing power just like Shukaku controls sand? Characters in-universe attribute it to the fox, doesn't make it true. The fox's chakra might as well only enhance Naruto's already extraordinary regeneration from his Uzumaki blood or something.--Elveonora (talk) 16:40, April 10, 2013 (UTC)
Did it ever say Uzumaki's had healing abilities? just that they had great vitality--Deathmailrock (talk) 20:49, May 31, 2013 (UTC)
Whats with the downplay?
Why is there a serious, concentrated effort to rob Kurama of the feats of durability or power he shown in the manga from the article? --SuperSaiyaMan (talk) 07:56, May 9, 2013 (UTC)
- To me it appears to be a case of an opposite effort. No need to over-emphasize its feats and make it seem better than is--Elveonora (talk) 11:17, May 9, 2013 (UTC)
- Getting the feats of durability and power in the manga are needed, it makes the article more accurate. There is a concentrated effort to rob anything that Kurama has done away from his article.--SuperSaiyaMan (talk) 19:06, May 9, 2013 (UTC)
- Provide some links to edits you believe to remove valid information that is not stated elsewhere in the article already. — SimAnt 19:13, May 9, 2013 (UTC)
Black Ninetails?
was the nine tails in RTN really black??? cause when it was summoned, it looked kinda a bit red and when Naruto's Ninetails fought Menma's, they both looked black.... so it could have just been the lighting that he looked black--Deathmailrock (talk) 20:54, May 31, 2013 (UTC)
- I believe Black Nine-Tails is the official name. Not sure where it came from exactly.--BeyondRed (talk) 21:00, May 31, 2013 (UTC)
- Actually Black Nine-Tails is the official name, but yea it doesn't appear all that black in the movie. It did look kinda normal to me. But what is official is official and there's no changing that. Teppei talk 05:24, 6/1/2013
could there be a source of where the name "Black Nine-Tails" came from? was it in the movie or a certain article?--184.108.40.206 (talk) 08:34, June 1, 2013 (UTC)
Guys, I just saw the whole nine tails fight again, and I never heard any "kuro kyūbi" throughout.. There was this line "kyūbi to kyūbi no kyome.." in the film but it only means "Nine Tails and Nine Tails resonance..". So, I don't think "Black Nine-Tails" is official. Perhaps we can call it the "Nine Tails of the Limited Tsukuyomi World" or something like that but no Black Nine-Tails for sure. Teppei talk 13:10, 6/2/2013
The Black Nine-Tails name is official. Check out the name of the song from the movie soundtrack. KazeKitsune (talk) 14:24, June 2, 2013 (UTC)
- But they never refer to the other Kyūbi as "Kuro Kyūbi" in the movie. They only refer to it as "Kyūbi" and nothing else.. Teppei talk 14:33, 6/2/2013
Look in the movie black kurama and regular kurama are different because of their coler when they fought over the water you could see that Black Nine-Tails is indeed darker than Kurama so he is Black it's just the nighttime scence confuses things a bitWhiteraven1 (talk) 17:13, June 2, 2013 (UTC)(Whiteraven1)
Unique trait
Another thing I've been meaning to bring up. Shouldn't we be adding telepathy as a unique trait to all the Tailed Beasts? They have demonstrated it amongst themselves and their Jinchuriki. Skitts (talk) 20:54, July 11, 2013 (UTC)
- It's mentioned on the main Tailed Beast page but yeah, it should be mentioned somewhere on their pages as well.TricksterKing (talk) 22:16, July 11, 2013 (UTC)


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