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Economic opportunity
To build a brighter economic future, we know that young people around the world need education, resources and support. Watch the video above to learn how we're empowering young people in Africa to go after their dreams, start their own businesses, and succeed — no matter what challenges they may face.
Markets, whether large or small, keep communities thriving. But conflicts, disasters and a lack of infrastructure can prevent people from conducting the daily transactions on which all growth and progress depend. Around the world, Mercy Corps discovers why commerce is stuck.
In some places, manufacturers need loans to purchase equipment and young people desire job skills. In others, key transportation routes to market must be rebuilt or farmers require better storage to keep their inventory fresh until sold.
Our economic development projects provide financing, equipment, training or technical support. These projects help people find jobs, build their businesses, supply their communities with the goods they need —and improve their lives.
All stories about Economic opportunity
Japan: Businesses, communities thrive three years after disaster
Since the 2011 tsunami devastated Japan's northern coast, we've helped 300 entrepreneurs heal their communities by reviving their small businesses.
Philippines: Rebuilding homes with mobile money
In the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan, our mobile banking program is providing Filipinos, like Rodelyn and Zeny, with safe new roofs — and new opportunities.
Philippines: Mobile banking helps isolated families recover from Haiyan
Our new mobile money program is speeding funds to typhoon-affected families, like the Franciscos, in remote regions of the Philippines.
Uganda: Making clean energy affordable far from the city
Kerosene used for light and cooking is risky and costly. So why aren't families rushing to switch to fuel efficient cookstoves and solar units?
West Bank and Gaza: In the News: NPR's All Things Considered profiles Mercy Corps tech startups in Gaza
Gaza is rich with educated youth but limited in job opportunities. We are working to develop Gaza as an innovative tech hub and support youth with startup dreams.
Indonesia: New initiative helps small businesses grow online
Custom-Clouds will launch in Indonesia and offer affordable website services to connect entrepreneurs with an increasingly global economy.
Timor-Leste: Benefits of clean energy radiate through villages
In Timor-Leste, 65 percent of the population does not have access to electricity. We're helping communities there build clean energy markets that improve their lives and strengthen their economies.
Kyrgyzstan: A new life starts with a small loan
From barely being able to feed her family to sending her kids to college, Anarkan Mambetova's story is one of many successes we're seeing after building Kyrgyzstan's microfinance services for the last decade.
Myanmar: Empowering women in newly democratic country
New opportunities are emerging for historically poor communities to pull themselves out of poverty. See how we're helping women take advantage of them.
Indonesia: New award for bringing mobile payments to rural farmers
Visa's Innovation Grant will allow us to deepen our commitment to using technology to improve people's lives in some of the most remote communities in Indonesia.


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Hudson Valley Seeds - Flowers
Act fast! Items with prices ending in $0.99 are final sale.
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Pretty pouches. From a small farm-based seed company in New York state, these Hudson Valley Seeds variety packs feature heirloom flower seeds in artist-designed pouches.
Heirloom flower seeds.
Varieties: Borage, Calendula, Good Bug Blooms, Love in a Mist.
Sold as a set.
Made in the USA.

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Akanda Jyoti - Our ever burning lamp is herewith offered to all the Rishis known and identified and those not known. Vedic wisdom has been passed down through many great sages who were free from the bindings of this world. Their minds were connected to the inifine ocean of wisdom within, their light will radiate for all eternity. With eternal gratitude we keep this lamp burning in their honor.
Around the world there are special places where spiritual energies are more concentrated. In this section we take you on outer journeys to these places through various authors so you may experience a little of their magic.
A collection of Spiritual Insights to inspire in you a life of Conscious living
The world has and continues to be blessed with spiritual saints who, through Divine inspiration, offer us deep and profound spiritual insights to uplift and inspire in us to live a life of Higher Consciousness.
We feature just a few of them here.
A look into the basics of Vedic culture and its philosophy.
Many people do not know quite what it is, and it is often described incorrectly by many who are not a part of it. However, it is not as mysterious or complex as it is often portrayed to be.
We are what we eat, and the quality and types of food we eat directly affects our overall wellbeing, both in part and on the whole.
Here follows a list of enlightening articles for understanding food and its affect on the human body, mind and spirit.
You can support our work by getting involved and volunteering with one of our projects!
Contact Us for more details.
Visit us on Facebook Visit us on Twitter Visit us on YouTube
Visit our online projects: Vedic Books | Madanapalas | Agnihotra Direct | Panchakarma Guide | Indus Valley
Copyright © 2010, Vedic Society | Privacy
This site runs on 100% Renewable Energy


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Catalog links
Graduate Bulletin 2013-2015 » Academic Programs and Courses » Middle and High School Education » Courses in Middle and High School Education » ESC 522: Teaching English in Middle and High School.
ESC 522: Teaching English in Middle and High School.
3 hours, 3 credits. Limited to master's-level students seeking Initial Certification. Methods, materials, and assessment for teaching English at the middle and high school levels. Developing academic literacy through English language arts and literature. Curriculum development; use of relevant technology; current standards; instructional strategies; inclusion of students from diverse language backgrounds and students with disabilities. Includes field experience. Students cannot receive credit for both ESC 422 and ESC 522. PREREQ: ESC 501 or the equivalent course in psychological foundations of education; a 3.0 GPA overall; and Departmental permission.
Last modified: 8/4/2015


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Dr. Bruce Scism named interim president
Submitted on September 13, 2011 at 2:21 PM
NASHVILLE, Tenn. (Sept. 13, 2011) - Tennessee Board of Regents Chancellor John Morgan has selected Bruce Scism to serve as interim president of Volunteer State Community College beginning Oct. 1.
Scism, currently the vice president for Academic Affairs at Vol State in Gallatin, will assume the leadership role following the departure of Vol State President Warren Nichols, who is recommended to be appointed vice chancellor for community colleges at the TBR Central Office in Nashville.
"Dr. Scism has outstanding references and a strong record of service at Vol State," said TBR Chancellor John Morgan. "I believe he will continue providing excellent leadership while we search for a permanent president."
"Dr. Scism has led our college through many new initiatives and programmatic areas," said Nichols. "Bruce has my full confidence to fulfill the position of interim president and will serve our students, faculty, staff and community very well."
Scism joined Vol State in January 2008. In his time there he has led the development and implementation of the school's general education core and program assessment plans, initiated service learning efforts, and implemented International Studies and Study Abroad programs.
Before coming to Tennessee, Scism served as chief academic officer at Lee College in Baytown, Texas, where he was responsible for the college's Academic Affairs, including transfer and technology/vocational programs and workforce development. His other executive roles include vice president of Academic Affairs and Student Services at Triton College in Illinois and associate vice president of Instructional Technology at the same institution.
He holds a doctorate in education from the University of Illinois and earned both his master's and bachelor's degree from Eastern Illinois University.
The TBR is the nation's sixth largest higher education system, governing 46 post-secondary educational institutions. The TBR system includes six universities, 13 community colleges and 27 technology centers, providing programs in 90 of Tennessee's 95 counties to more than 200,000 students.
A service provided by the Office of Public Relations.


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M.T. Head
Revision as of 19:48, October 11, 2013 by Raziel Reaper (Talk | contribs)
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M.T. Head is a resident of Liberty City in 1998. Head is a multiplayer character in Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories. He is depicted as a deli shop worker, wearing a white apron with a green T-shirt underneath, jeans, glasses, and has long red hair. His name is taken of the phrase empty head. He appears in the mission Dead Meat.


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This baby is missing it's mummy! The Animated 25 Inch Long Baby Mummy is a small animated baby doll that is wrapped in mummy towels and designed with sinister glowing eyes. When turned on, this mummy's eyes will glow and When turned on this baby will rock back and forth and its eyes will glow. This will make a fun toy for your kids to play with during the Halloween season.
Our Price: $89.97
Our Price: $129.99
Our Price: $26.99
Our Price: $59.99


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Greensboro, NC - When you're going out on job interviews there are two questions you'll surely be asked. Tell me about yourself and where do you see yourself in five years?
In today's One Minute Career Check, Consultant Joyce Richman looks at those questions and the best way to answer them.
"People worry about the answer the company is looking for, but it's not about the answer they're looking for. It's about the answer within you," said Richman.
She said answer honestly and truthfully, in the way the employer will know the best position for you.
See her advice in the video player included in this story. And you can also read weekly career advice every Sunday in the News & Record.
WFMY News 2


text: Apple tries to trademark the word 'startup' Business 28 August 13 by Olivia Solon Apple Apple is attempting to trademark the word "startup", covering a range of products and services, in a bold application filed in Australia on 27 August.The application -- first spotted by TM Watch -- was filed by the company's Cupertino headquarters alongside the Sydney branch of law firm Baker & Mckenzie. The application seeks to use the trademark in relation to retail store services; the maintenance, installation and repair of computer hardware and other devices; educational services, including classes, workshops and seminars, and the design and development of computer hardware and software. So pretty much everything Apple does then.Apple has actually already filed for this trademark in 2011 in both China and the US. The company was granted a preliminary trademark pending a consultation period where people could object to the trademark. Not surprisingly, objections were filed. Apple has a window to respond to those objections in the US by 20 September.The trademark application filed in Australia falls under the same international registration as the ones filed in the US and China. This allows Apple to potentially take advantage of the Madrid system, administered by the World Intellectual Property Organisation, whereby a company can register a trademark in one of the countries that signed the Madrid agreement and it will transfer easily to other countries.While the classes covered by the trademark application are not comprehensive -- i.e. they only cover specific uses of the word startup -- there have been cases where the owner of a trademark with a big enough reputation can take action against dissimilar goods and services where they are trying to ride on the reputation of the mark. We saw this when Facebook tried to sue a teachers network called Teachbook. There is lots of speculation about why Apple might be trying to trademark a word like "Startup", with some suggesting the company could be trying to disintermediate mobile operators and sell contracts to customers directly. Latest on wired.co.uk


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Whatever your plans for Valentine's Day, you will want to rock a special outfit and sassy cosmetics because, well, you can. This holiday is the perfect time to try out fun makeup ideas like smoky eyes and red lips, but don't stop there.
Take a note from Michelle Trachtenberg and try violet eyeliner, Us Weekly suggests. Girls with pale skin look especially pretty in this color, which brightens eyes. Apply this makeup to your bottom lashes then smudge sideways from the inner to outer corners.
Another trend to try is bubblegum pink or "orchid" colored lips. A nice change from classic red lipstick, rocking a pale or bright pink lip color is perfect for this holiday. Putting on concealer before you apply this shade will help if your lips are naturally deep red.
While many makeup palettes focus on eyes and lips, why not try out some new blush techniques for this lovely holiday? The news outlet points out that Charlize Theron layered differed shades of blush at the Golden Globes to get a two-tone look.
If you'd rather keep it simple, Glamour Magazine suggests tying your hair in a loose ponytail and rimming your eyes with black liner to look sultry yet natural.


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Jeffrey A. Miron on Legalizing Drugs
Recorded: Friday, November 20, 2009
Originally aired on 11/20/09 on FoxBusiness.com Live. Jeffrey A. Miron, Research Fellow at the Independent Institute and author of Drug War Crimes, argues in favor of legalizing marijuana and other drugs in the U.S.
Experts: Jeffrey A. MironType: TelevisionIssues: Crime, Criminal Justice/ Prisons, Drugs (Illicit)
The 2006 Thomas S. Szasz Awards and An Evening With Robert Higgs
Recorded: Wednesday, December 6, 2006
The gala reception and presentation of the Thomas S. Szasz Awards for Outstanding Contributions to the Cause of Civil Liberties to Robert Higgs and Robert Spillane, followed by a special forum featuring Dr. Higgs on Liberty and Leviathan, based on his acclaimed book, Depression, War, and Cold War (Oxford University Press).
Thomas S. Szasz
The Thomas S. Szasz Award is a tribute conferred annually by the Center for Independent Thought for the avocation of civil liberties and to encourage others to work to protect personal autonomy from state encroachment.
Robert Higgs
Senior Fellow, The Independent Institute.
Winner, 2006 Thomas S. Szasz Award, General Award.
Author, Depression, War, and Cold War, Against Leviathan, and Crisis and Leviathan.
Robert Spillane
Professor of Management Macquarie University Australia.
Winner, 2006 Thomas S. Szasz Award, Professional Award.
Andrea Millen Rich
President, Center for Independent Thought
David J. Theroux
Founder and President, The Independent Institute
Experts: Robert Higgs, Robert Spillane, Thomas S. SzaszType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Political Ideology and Philosophy
The 2006 Thomas S. Szasz Awards and An Evening With Robert Higgs
Recorded: Wednesday, December 6, 2006
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
The reception and presentation of the Thomas S. Szasz Awards for Outstanding Contributions to the Cause of Civil Liberties to Robert Higgs and Robert Spillane, followed by a special forum featuring Dr. Higgs on Liberty and Leviathan.
Experts: Robert Higgs, Robert Spillane, Thomas S. SzaszType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Government Power, Terrorism and National Crises
Drug War Crimes
Recorded: Thursday, May 6, 2004
Each year, the U.S. government spends over $30 billion on the drug war and arrests more than 1.5 million people on drug-related charges. Currently more than 318,000 people are behind bars in the U.S. for drug violationsmore than the number of people incarcer-ated for all crimes in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain combined. Have current drug laws deterred drug abuse and reduced crime? What are the real costs of this countrys war on drugs? Is there a link between the homicide rate and the amount of resources given to drug prohibition? Please join us as Boston University economist Jeffrey Miron (author of the major new book, Drug War Crimes) and former San Jose police chief, Joseph McNamara, examine these questions and explore real alternatives to Americas War on Drugs.
Jeffrey A. Miron
Boston University Professor of Economics and author of the new book, Drug War Crimes: The Consequences of Prohibition. His articles on Drug Policy have appeared in Social Research, Boston Globe and the London Observer. He received his Ph. D. in economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Joseph D. McNamara
Research Fellow, Hoover Institution. Former Chief of Police, San Jose, CA and Kansas City, MO. He has published articles in the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, and other publications. He has been a commentator for NPR and has appeared on Meet the Press, Good Morning America, Sixty Minutes, and other programs.
Ethan A. Nadelmann
Founder and Executive Director of the Drug Policy Alliance, the leading organization in the United States promoting alternatives to the War on Drugs. Dr. Nadelmann received his Ph.D. and J.D. from Harvard University and a Masters degree in International Relations from the London School of Economics. His speaking and writings on drug policy have attracted international attention and appeared in Science, American Heritage, National Review, and others.
Experts: Joseph D. McNamara, Jeffrey A. Miron, Ethan A. NadelmannType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Crime, Criminal Justice/ Prisons, Drugs (Illicit), Government Waste/Pork, Law Enforcement


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Veronica Beaded Pillow Cover
No longer available
A string of beads woven in swirling spirals adds a surprising look and texture to our pillow cover.
20" square
Woven of a cotton/linen blend.
Beadwork on front panel applied by hand.
Button closure.
Insert sold separately; down blend or synthetic.
Machine wash.


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Pink Heart Theme GO ADW APEX..
by Mikean Themes
Developer Notes
Description: This is a theme with large icon pack (plus extra wallpapers and docks) that will put high definition icons (highest quality) for your launcher home replacement. It'll theme for GO Launcher, ADW, Apex, Nova and many others. This app comes with a dashboard for minimal setups. Free...


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Set a scene of horror with scary Halloween costumes, props and decorations from Fright Catalog. The purpose for Halloween, according to folklore, is to scare away the evil spirits that roam the earth on All Hallows Eve. Your costume and your home should celebrate fear and all thing frightful. For your costumes, choose the styles that are scariest to be in keeping with the "spirit" of the holiday. Your home should be transformed into a haunted dwelling with decor both inside and out. Do trick or treaters dare approach? And what will become of them when they see your ghoulish presence open the door?
If it is your intension to scare someone then do it right. Whether is it Halloween, a Zombie Walk or a Fright Fest, your choice of outfit needs to make people look twice, though you know your really did it right if they look away in horror. Our site offers many options. You can begin with one of our scary costumes like reapers, monsters, zombies and vampires. Want something else? How about choosing from other popular costumes. Make sure you take it to the next level with make up, prosthetics and accessories that will give you that "just risen from the dead" look. Another option would be to shop exclusively for basic accessories like capes, masks and chains to create a horrific yet original costume.
When visitors approach your home their adrenaline should rise. With the right horror props and Halloween decorations you can create a haunted house that elicits fear in all of their senses. The sights should be ghoulish with tombstones in the yard and hanging reapers. The sounds of shrieks and torture mixed with thunder should fill the air as should an ominous ground cover of gray fog that moistens their already clammy flesh. As they come to the front door they should wonder what horrors await. Surely, a reward for their courage will be a sack full of candy...and their survival.
This site provides the makings for all things that evoke fear. For all haunted occasions and celebrations - Halloween, Dia de los Muertos, Zombies Vs. Human events and even the occasional evil practical joke let us be your first choice.
Find us on Google+


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31 U.S. Code § 5311 - Declaration of purpose
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It is the purpose of this subchapter (except section 5315) to require certain reports or records where they have a high degree of usefulness in criminal, tax, or regulatory investigations or proceedings, or in the conduct of intelligence or counterintelligence activities, including analysis, to protect against international terrorism.
Source(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 995; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 358(a),Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 326.)
|Revised Section
|Source (U.S. Code)
|Source (Statutes at Large)
|Oct. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 91–508, § 202, 84 Stat. 1118.
2001—Pub. L. 107–56inserted ", or in the conduct of intelligence or counterintelligence activities, including analysis, to protect against international terrorism" before period at end.
Effective Date of 2001 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 107–56applicable with respect to reports filed or records maintained on, before, or after Oct. 26, 2001, see section 358(h) ofPub. L. 107–56, set out as a note under section 1829b of Title 12, Banks and Banking.
Short Title
This subchapter and chapter 21 (§ 1951 et seq.) of Title 12, Banks and Banking, are each popularly known as the "Bank Secrecy Act". See Short Title note set out under section 1951 of Title 12.
Stored Value
Pub. L. 111–24, title V, § 503,May 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1756, provided that:
"(a) In General.—Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act [May 22, 2009], the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall issue regulations in final form implementing the Bank Secrecy Act [see Short Title note under section 1951 of Title 12, Banks and Banking], regarding the sale, issuance, redemption, or international transport of stored value, including stored value cards.
"(b) Consideration of International Transport.—Regulations under this section regarding international transport of stored value may include reporting requirements pursuant to section 5316 of title 31, United States Code.
"(c) Emerging Methods for Transmittal and Storage in Electronic Form.—Regulations under this section shall take into consideration current and future needs and methodologies for transmitting and storing value in electronic form."
Improvement of International Standards and Cooperation To Fight Terrorist Financing
Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, §§ 7701, 7702, 7704,Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3858–3860, provided that:"SEC. 7701. IMPROVING INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND COOPERATION TO FIGHT TERRORIST FINANCING.
"(a) Findings.—Congress makes the following findings:
"(1) The global war on terrorism and cutting off terrorist financing is a policy priority for the United States and its partners, working bilaterally and multilaterally through the United Nations, the United Nations Security Council and its committees, such as the 1267 and 1373 Committees, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), and various international financial institutions, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), and the regional multilateral development banks, and other multilateral fora.
"(2) The international financial community has become engaged in the global fight against terrorist financing. The Financial Action Task Force has focused on the new threat posed by terrorist financing to the international financial system, resulting in the establishment of the FATF's Eight Special Recommendations on Terrorist Financing as the international standard on combating terrorist financing. The Group of Seven and the Group of Twenty Finance Ministers are developing action plans to curb the financing of terror. In addition, other economic and regional fora, such as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Forum, and the Western Hemisphere Financial Ministers, have been used to marshal political will and actions in support of combating the financing of terrorism (CFT) standards.
"(3) FATF's Forty Recommendations on Money Laundering and the Eight Special Recommendations on Terrorist Financing are the recognized global standards for fighting money laundering and terrorist financing. The FATF has engaged in an assessment process for jurisdictions based on their compliance with these standards.
"(4) In March 2004, the IMF and IBRD Boards agreed to make permanent a pilot program of collaboration with the FATF to assess global compliance with the FATF Forty Recommendations on Money Laundering and the Eight Special Recommendations on Terrorist Financing. As a result, anti-money laundering (AML) and combating the financing of terrorism (CFT) assessments are now a regular part of their Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) and Offshore Financial Center assessments, which provide for a comprehensive analysis of the strength of a jurisdiction's financial system. These reviews assess potential systemic vulnerabilities, consider sectoral development needs and priorities, and review the state of implementation of and compliance with key financial codes and regulatory standards, among them the AML and CFT standards.
"(5) To date, 70 FSAPs have been conducted, with over 24 of those incorporating AML and CFT assessments. The international financial institutions (IFIs), the FATF, and the FATF-style regional bodies together are expected to assess AML and CFT regimes in up to 40 countries or jurisdictions per year. This will help countries and jurisdictions identify deficiencies in their AML and CFT regimes and help focus technical assistance efforts.
"(6) Technical assistance programs from the United States and other nations, coordinated with the Department of State and other departments and agencies, are playing an important role in helping countries and jurisdictions address shortcomings in their AML and CFT regimes and bringing their regimes into conformity with international standards. Training is coordinated within the United States Government, which leverages multilateral organizations and bodies and international financial institutions to internationalize the conveyance of technical assistance.
"(7) In fulfilling its duties in advancing incorporation of AML and CFT standards into the IFIs as part of the IFIs' work on protecting the integrity of the international monetary system, the Department of the Treasury, under the guidance of the Secretary of the Treasury, has effectively brought together all of the key United States Government agencies. In particular, United States Government agencies continue to work together to foster broad support for this important undertaking in various multilateral fora, and United States Government agencies recognize the need for close coordination and communication within our own Government.
"(b) Sense of Congress Regarding Success in Multilateral Organizations.—It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary of the Treasury should continue to promote the dissemination of international AML and CFT standards, and to press for full implementation of the FATF 40 8 Recommendations by all countries in order to curb financial risks and hinder terrorist financing around the globe. The efforts of the Secretary in this regard should include, where necessary or appropriate, multilateral action against countries whose counter-money laundering regimes and efforts against the financing of terrorism fall below recognized international standards."SEC. 7702. DEFINITIONS.
"In this subtitle [subtitle G (§§ 7701–7704) of title VII of Pub. L. 108–458, amending sections 262o–2 and 262r–4 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse]—
"(1) the term 'international financial institutions' has the same meaning as in section 1701(c)(2) of the International Financial Institutions Act [22 U.S.C. 262r (c)(2)];
"(2) the term 'Financial Action Task Force' means the international policy-making and standard-setting body dedicated to combating money laundering and terrorist financing that was created by the Group of Seven in 1989; and
"(3) the terms 'Interagency Paper on Sound Practices to Strengthen the Resilience of the U.S. Financial System' and 'Interagency Paper' mean the interagency paper prepared by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Comptroller of the Currency, and the Securities and Exchange Commission that was announced in the Federal Register on April 8, 2003."SEC. 7704. COORDINATION OF UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT EFFORTS.
"The Secretary of the Treasury, or the designee of the Secretary, as the lead United States Government official to the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), shall continue to convene the interagency United States Government FATF working group. This group, which includes representatives from all relevant Federal agencies, shall meet at least once a year to advise the Secretary on policies to be pursued by the United States regarding the development of common international AML and CFT standards, to assess the adequacy and implementation of such standards, and to recommend to the Secretary improved or new standards, as necessary."
International Money Laundering Abatement and Financial Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001; Findings and Purposes
Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 302,Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 296, as amended by Pub. L. 108–458, title VI, § 6202(c),Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3745, provided that:
"(a) Findings.—The Congress finds that—
"(1) money laundering, estimated by the International Monetary Fund to amount to between 2 and 5 percent of global gross domestic product, which is at least $600,000,000,000 annually, provides the financial fuel that permits transnational criminal enterprises to conduct and expand their operations to the detriment of the safety and security of American citizens;
"(2) money laundering, and the defects in financial transparency on which money launderers rely, are critical to the financing of global terrorism and the provision of funds for terrorist attacks;
"(3) money launderers subvert legitimate financial mechanisms and banking relationships by using them as protective covering for the movement of criminal proceeds and the financing of crime and terrorism, and, by so doing, can threaten the safety of United States citizens and undermine the integrity of United States financial institutions and of the global financial and trading systems upon which prosperity and growth depend;
"(4) certain jurisdictions outside of the United States that offer 'offshore' banking and related facilities designed to provide anonymity, coupled with weak financial supervisory and enforcement regimes, provide essential tools to disguise ownership and movement of criminal funds derived from, or used to commit, offenses ranging from narcotics trafficking, terrorism, arms smuggling, and trafficking in human beings, to financial frauds that prey on law-abiding citizens;
"(5) transactions involving such offshore jurisdictions make it difficult for law enforcement officials and regulators to follow the trail of money earned by criminals, organized international criminal enterprises, and global terrorist organizations;
"(6) correspondent banking facilities are one of the banking mechanisms susceptible in some circumstances to manipulation by foreign banks to permit the laundering of funds by hiding the identity of real parties in interest to financial transactions;
"(7) private banking services can be susceptible to manipulation by money launderers, for example corrupt foreign government officials, particularly if those services include the creation of offshore accounts and facilities for large personal funds transfers to channel funds into accounts around the globe;
"(8) United States anti-money laundering efforts are impeded by outmoded and inadequate statutory provisions that make investigations, prosecutions, and forfeitures more difficult, particularly in cases in which money laundering involves foreign persons, foreign banks, or foreign countries;
"(9) the ability to mount effective counter-measures to international money launderers requires national, as well as bilateral and multilateral action, using tools specially designed for that effort; and
"(10) the Basle Committee on Banking Regulation and Supervisory Practices and the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering, of both of which the United States is a member, have each adopted international anti-money laundering principles and recommendations.
"(b) Purposes.—The purposes of this title [see Short Title of 2001 Amendment note set out under section 5301 of this title] are—
"(1) to increase the strength of United States measures to prevent, detect, and prosecute international money laundering and the financing of terrorism;
"(2) to ensure that—
"(A) banking transactions and financial relationships and the conduct of such transactions and relationships, do not contravene the purposes of subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31, United States Code, section 21 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act [12 U.S.C. 1829b], or chapter 2 of title I of Public Law 91–508 (84 Stat. 1116) [12 U.S.C. 1951 et seq.], or facilitate the evasion of any such provision; and
"(B) the purposes of such provisions of law continue to be fulfilled, and such provisions of law are effectively and efficiently administered;
"(3) to strengthen the provisions put into place by the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986 (18 U.S.C. 981 note) [see Short Title of 1986 Amendment note set out under section 981 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure], especially with respect to crimes by non-United States nationals and foreign financial institutions;
"(4) to provide a clear national mandate for subjecting to special scrutiny those foreign jurisdictions, financial institutions operating outside of the United States, and classes of international transactions or types of accounts that pose particular, identifiable opportunities for criminal abuse;
"(5) to provide the Secretary of the Treasury (in this title referred to as the 'Secretary') with broad discretion, subject to the safeguards provided by the Administrative Procedure Act under title 5, United States Code [5 U.S.C. 551 et seq., 701 et seq.], to take measures tailored to the particular money laundering problems presented by specific foreign jurisdictions, financial institutions operating outside of the United States, and classes of international transactions or types of accounts;
"(6) to ensure that the employment of such measures by the Secretary permits appropriate opportunity for comment by affected financial institutions;
"(7) to provide guidance to domestic financial institutions on particular foreign jurisdictions, financial institutions operating outside of the United States, and classes of international transactions or types of accounts that are of primary money laundering concern to the United States Government;
"(8) to ensure that the forfeiture of any assets in connection with the anti-terrorist efforts of the United States permits for adequate challenge consistent with providing due process rights;
"(9) to clarify the terms of the safe harbor from civil liability for filing suspicious activity reports;
"(10) to strengthen the authority of the Secretary to issue and administer geographic targeting orders, and to clarify that violations of such orders or any other requirement imposed under the authority contained in chapter 2 of title I of Public Law 91–508 [12 U.S.C. 1951 et seq.] and subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31, United States Code, may result in criminal and civil penalties;
"(11) to ensure that all appropriate elements of the financial services industry are subject to appropriate requirements to report potential money laundering transactions to proper authorities, and that jurisdictional disputes do not hinder examination of compliance by financial institutions with relevant reporting requirements;
"(12) to strengthen the ability of financial institutions to maintain the integrity of their employee population; and
"(13) to strengthen measures to prevent the use of the United States financial system for personal gain by corrupt foreign officials and to facilitate the repatriation of any stolen assets to the citizens of countries to whom such assets belong."
Four-Year Congressional Review; Expedited Consideration
Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 303,Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 298, as amended by Pub. L. 108–458, title VI, § 6202(d),Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3745, which provided that, effective on and after the first day of fiscal year 2005, the provisions of title III of Pub. L. 107–56and the amendments made by such title would terminate if the Congress enacted a joint resolution, the text after the resolving clause of which was as follows: "That provisions of the International Money Laundering Abatement and Financial Antiterrorism Act of 2001, and the amendments made thereby, shall no longer have the force of law.", was repealed by Pub. L. 108–458, title VI, §§ 6204, 6205,Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3747, effective as if included in Pub. L. 107–56, as of the date of enactment of such Act.
Cooperative Efforts To Deter Money Laundering
Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 314,Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 307, as amended by Pub. L. 108–458, title VI, § 6202(f),Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3745, provided that:
"(a) Cooperation Among Financial Institutions, Regulatory Authorities, and Law Enforcement Authorities.—
"(1) Regulations.—The Secretary [of the Treasury] shall, within 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 26, 2001], adopt regulations to encourage further cooperation among financial institutions, their regulatory authorities, and law enforcement authorities, with the specific purpose of encouraging regulatory authorities and law enforcement authorities to share with financial institutions information regarding individuals, entities, and organizations engaged in, or reasonably suspected based on credible evidence of engaging in, terrorist acts or money laundering activities.
"(2) Cooperation and information sharing procedures.—The regulations adopted under paragraph (1) may include or create procedures for cooperation and information sharing focusing on—
"(A) matters specifically related to the finances of terrorist groups, the means by which terrorist groups transfer funds around the world and within the United States, including through the use of charitable organizations, nonprofit organizations, and nongovernmental organizations, the extent to which financial institutions in the United States are unwittingly involved in such finances, and the extent to which such institutions are at risk as a result;
"(B) the relationship, particularly the financial relationship, between international narcotics traffickers and foreign terrorist organizations, the extent to which their memberships overlap and engage in joint activities, and the extent to which they cooperate with each other in raising and transferring funds for their respective purposes; and
"(C) means of facilitating the identification of accounts and transactions involving terrorist groups and facilitating the exchange of information concerning such accounts and transactions between financial institutions and law enforcement organizations.
"(3) Contents.—The regulations adopted pursuant to paragraph (1) may—
"(A) require that each financial institution designate 1 or more persons to receive information concerning, and monitor accounts of, individuals, entities, and organizations identified pursuant to paragraph (1); and
"(B) further establish procedures for the protection of the shared information, consistent with the capacity, size, and nature of the financial institution to which the particular procedures apply.
"(4) Rule of construction.—The receipt of information by a financial institution pursuant to this section shall not relieve or otherwise modify the obligations of the financial institution with respect to any other person or account.
"(5) Use of information.—Information received by a financial institution pursuant to this section shall not be used for any purpose other than identifying and reporting on activities that may involve terrorist acts or money laundering activities.
"(b) Cooperation Among Financial Institutions.—Upon notice provided to the Secretary, 2 or more financial institutions and any association of financial institutions may share information with one another regarding individuals, entities, organizations, and countries suspected of possible terrorist or money laundering activities. A financial institution or association that transmits, receives, or shares such information for the purposes of identifying and reporting activities that may involve terrorist acts or money laundering activities shall not be liable to any person under any law or regulation of the United States, any constitution, law, or regulation of any State or political subdivision thereof, or under any contract or other legally enforceable agreement (including any arbitration agreement), for such disclosure or for any failure to provide notice of such disclosure to the person who is the subject of such disclosure, or any other person identified in the disclosure, except where such transmission, receipt, or sharing violates this section or regulations promulgated pursuant to this section.
"(c) Rule of Construction.—Compliance with the provisions of this title [see Short Title of 2001 Amendment note set out under section 5301 of this title] requiring or allowing financial institutions and any association of financial institutions to disclose or share information regarding individuals, entities, and organizations engaged in or suspected of engaging in terrorist acts or money laundering activities shall not constitute a violation of the provisions of title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (Public Law 106–102) [15 U.S.C. 6801 et seq.].
"(d) Reports to the Financial Services Industry on Suspicious Financial Activities.—At least semiannually, the Secretary shall—
"(1) publish a report containing a detailed analysis identifying patterns of suspicious activity and other investigative insights derived from suspicious activity reports and investigations conducted by Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies to the extent appropriate; and
"(2) distribute such report to financial institutions (as defined in section 5312 of title 31, United States Code)."
Report and Recommendation on Legislative Action on International Counter Money Laundering Provisions
Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 324,Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 316, provided that: "Not later than 30 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 26, 2001], the Secretary [of the Treasury], in consultation with the Attorney General, the Federal banking agencies (as defined at section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act [12 U.S.C. 1813]), the National Credit Union Administration Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and such other agencies as the Secretary may determine, at the discretion of the Secretary, shall evaluate the operations of the provisions of this subtitle [subtitle A (§§ 311–330) of title III of Pub. L. 107–56, enacting section 5318A of this title, amending sections 5312 and 5318 of this title, sections 1828 and 1842 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, sections 981, 983, and 1956 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, section 853 of Title 21, Food and Drugs, and sections 2466 and 2467 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 5318 of this title, sections 1828 and 1842 of Title 12, and section 983 of Title 18] and make recommendations to Congress as to any legislative action with respect to this subtitle as the Secretary may determine to be necessary or advisable."
International Cooperation on Identification of Originators of Wire Transfers
Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 328,Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 319, provided that: "The Secretary [of the Treasury] shall—
"(1) in consultation with the Attorney General and the Secretary of State, take all reasonable steps to encourage foreign governments to require the inclusion of the name of the originator in wire transfer instructions sent to the United States and other countries, with the information to remain with the transfer from its origination until the point of disbursement; and
"(2) report annually to the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate on—
"(A) progress toward the goal enumerated in paragraph (1), as well as impediments to implementation and an estimated compliance rate; and
"(B) impediments to instituting a regime in which all appropriate identification, as defined by the Secretary, about wire transfer recipients shall be included with wire transfers from their point of origination until disbursement."
Criminal Penalties
Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 329,Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 319, provided that: "Any person who is an official or employee of any department, agency, bureau, office, commission, or other entity of the Federal Government, and any other person who is acting for or on behalf of any such entity, who, directly or indirectly, in connection with the administration of this title [see Short Title of 2001 Amendment note set out under section 5301 of this title], corruptly demands, seeks, receives, accepts, or agrees to receive or accept anything of value personally or for any other person or entity in return for—
"(1) being influenced in the performance of any official act;
"(2) being influenced to commit or aid in the committing, or to collude in, or allow, any fraud, or make opportunity for the commission of any fraud, on the United States; or
"(3) being induced to do or omit to do any act in violation of the official duty of such official or person,shall be fined in an amount not more than 3 times the monetary equivalent of the thing of value, or imprisoned for not more than 15 years, or both. A violation of this section shall be subject to chapter 227 of title 18, United States Code, and the provisions of the United States Sentencing Guidelines."
Report on Investment Companies
Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 356(c),Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 324, as amended by Pub. L. 108–458, title VI, § 6202(j),Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3746, provided that:
"(1) In general.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 26, 2001], the Secretary [of the Treasury], the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the Securities and Exchange Commission shall jointly submit a report to the Congress on recommendations for effective regulations to apply the requirements of subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31, United States Code, to investment companies pursuant to section 5312 (a)(2)(I) of title 31, United States Code.
"(2) Definition.—For purposes of this subsection, the term 'investment company'—
"(A) has the same meaning as in section 3 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. 80a–3); and
"(B) includes any person that, but for the exceptions provided for in paragraph (1) or (7) of section 3(c) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. 80a–3 (c)), would be an investment company.
"(3) Additional recommendations.—The report required by paragraph (1) may make different recommendations for different types of entities covered by this subsection.
"(4) Beneficial ownership of personal holding companies.—The report described in paragraph (1) shall also include recommendations as to whether the Secretary should promulgate regulations to treat any corporation, business trust, or other grantor trust whose assets are predominantly securities, bank certificates of deposit, or other securities or investment instruments (other than such as relate to operating subsidiaries of such corporation or trust) and that has 5 or fewer common shareholders or holders of beneficial or other equity interest, as a financial institution within the meaning of that phrase in section 5312 (a)(2)(I) and whether to require such corporations or trusts to disclose their beneficial owners when opening accounts or initiating funds transfers at any domestic financial institution."
Report on Need for Additional Legislation Relating to Informal Money Transfer Systems
Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 359(d),Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 329, provided that: "Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 26, 2001], the Secretary of the Treasury shall report to Congress on the need for any additional legislation relating to persons who engage as a business in an informal money transfer system or any network of people who engage as a business in facilitating the transfer of money domestically or internationally outside of the conventional financial institutions system, counter money laundering and regulatory controls relating to underground money movement and banking systems, including whether the threshold for the filing of suspicious activity reports under section 5318 (g) of title 31, United States Code should be lowered in the case of such systems."
Uniform State Licensing and Regulation of Check Cashing, Currency Exchange, and Money Transmitting Businesses
Pub. L. 103–325, title IV, § 407,Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2247, provided that:
"(a) Uniform Laws and Enforcement.—For purposes of preventing money laundering and protecting the payment system from fraud and abuse, it is the sense of the Congress that the several States should—
"(1) establish uniform laws for licensing and regulating businesses which—
"(A) provide check cashing, currency exchange, or money transmitting or remittance services, or issue or redeem money orders, travelers' checks, and other similar instruments; and
"(B) are not depository institutions (as defined in section 5313 (g) of title 31, United States Code); and
"(2) provide sufficient resources to the appropriate State agency to enforce such laws and regulations prescribed pursuant to such laws.
"(b) Model Statute.—It is the sense of the Congress that the several States should develop, through the auspices of the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, the American Law Institute, or such other forum as the States may determine to be appropriate, a model statute to carry out the goals described in subsection (a) which would include the following:
"(1) Licensing requirements.—A requirement that any business described in subsection (a)(1) be licensed and regulated by an appropriate State agency in order to engage in any such activity within the State.
"(2) Licensing standards.—A requirement that—
"(A) in order for any business described in subsection (a)(1) to be licensed in the State, the appropriate State agency shall review and approve—
"(i) the business record and the capital adequacy of the business seeking the license; and
"(ii) the competence, experience, integrity, and financial ability of any individual who—"(I) is a director, officer, or supervisory employee of such business; or "(II) owns or controls such business; and
"(B) any record, on the part of any business seeking the license or any person referred to in subparagraph (A)(ii), of—
"(i) any criminal activity;
"(ii) any fraud or other act of personal dishonesty;
"(iii) any act, omission, or practice which constitutes a breach of a fiduciary duty; or
"(iv) any suspension or removal, by any agency or department of the United States or any State, from participation in the conduct of any federally or State licensed or regulated business,may be grounds for the denial of any such license by the appropriate State agency.
"(3) Reporting requirements.—A requirement that any business described in subsection (a)(1)—
"(A) disclose to the appropriate State agency the fees charged to consumers for services described in subsection (a)(1)(A); and
"(B) conspicuously disclose to the public, at each location of such business, the fees charged to consumers for such services.
"(4) Procedures to ensure compliance with federal cash transaction reporting requirements.—A civil or criminal penalty for operating any business referred to in paragraph (1) without establishing and complying with appropriate procedures to ensure compliance with subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31, United States Code (relating to records and reports on monetary instruments transactions).
"(5) Criminal penalties for operation of business without a license.—A criminal penalty for operating any business referred to in paragraph (1) without a license within the State after the end of an appropriate transition period beginning on the date of enactment of such model statute by the State.
"(c) Study Required.—The Secretary of the Treasury shall conduct a study of—
"(1) the progress made by the several States in developing and enacting a model statute which—
"(A) meets the requirements of subsection (b); and
"(B) furthers the goals of—
"(i) preventing money laundering by businesses which are required to be licensed under any such statute; and
"(ii) protecting the payment system, including the receipt, payment, collection, and clearing of checks, from fraud and abuse by such businesses; and
"(2) the adequacy of—
"(A) the activity of the several States in enforcing the requirements of such statute; and
"(B) the resources made available to the appropriate State agencies for such enforcement activity.
"(d) Report Required.—Not later than the end of the 3-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 23, 1994] and not later than the end of each of the first two 1-year periods beginning after the end of such 3-year period, the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit a report to the Congress containing the findings and recommendations of the Secretary in connection with the study under subsection (c), together with such recommendations for legislative and administrative action as the Secretary may determine to be appropriate.
"(e) Recommendations in Cases of Inadequate Regulation and Enforcement by States.—If the Secretary of the Treasury determines that any State has been unable to—
"(1) enact a statute which meets the requirements described in subsection (b);
"(2) undertake adequate activity to enforce such statute; or
"(3) make adequate resources available to the appropriate State agency for such enforcement activity,the report submitted pursuant to subsection (d) shall contain recommendations of the Secretary which are designed to facilitate the enactment and enforcement by the State of such a statute.
"(f) Federal Funding Study.—
"(1) Study required.—The Secretary of the Treasury shall conduct a study to identify possible available sources of Federal funding to cover costs which will be incurred by the States in carrying out the purposes of this section.
"(2) Report.—The Secretary of the Treasury shall submit a report to the Congress on the study conducted pursuant to paragraph (1) not later than the end of the 18-month period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 23, 1994]."
Anti-Money Laundering Training Team
Pub. L. 102–550, title XV, § 1518,Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4060, provided that: "The Secretary of the Treasury and the Attorney General shall jointly establish a team of experts to assist and provide training to foreign governments and agencies thereof in developing and expanding their capabilities for investigating and prosecuting violations of money laundering and related laws."
Advisory Group on Reporting Requirements
Pub. L. 102–550, title XV, § 1564,Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4073, provided that:
"(a) Establishment.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 1992], the Secretary of the Treasury shall establish a Bank Secrecy Act Advisory Group consisting of representatives of the Department of the Treasury, the Department of Justice, and the Office of National Drug Control Policy and of other interested persons and financial institutions subject to the reporting requirements of subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31, United States Code, or section 6050I of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 6050I].
"(b) Purposes.—The Advisory Group shall provide a means by which the Secretary—
"(1) informs private sector representatives, on a regular basis, of the ways in which the reports submitted pursuant to the requirements referred to in subsection (a) have been used;
"(2) informs private sector representatives, on a regular basis, of how information regarding suspicious financial transactions provided voluntarily by financial institutions has been used; and
"(3) receives advice on the manner in which the reporting requirements referred to in subsection (a) should be modified to enhance the ability of law enforcement agencies to use the information provided for law enforcement purposes.
"(c) Inapplicability of Federal Advisory Committee Act.—The Federal Advisory Committee Act [5 U.S.C. App.] shall not apply to the Bank Secrecy Act Advisory Group established pursuant to subsection (a)."
GAO Feasibility Study of Financial Crimes Enforcement Network
Pub. L. 102–550, title XV, § 1565,Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4074, provided that:
"(a) Study Required.—The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a feasibility study of the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (popularly referred to as 'Fincen') established by the Secretary of the Treasury in cooperation with other agencies and departments of the United States and appropriate Federal banking agencies.
"(b) Specific Requirements.—In conducting the study required under subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall examine and evaluate—
"(1) the extent to which Federal, State, and local governmental and nongovernmental organizations are voluntarily providing information which is necessary for the system to be useful for law enforcement purposes;
"(2) the extent to which the operational guidelines established for the system provide for the coordinated and efficient entry of information into, and withdrawal of information from, the system;
"(3) the extent to which the operating procedures established for the system provide appropriate standards or guidelines for determining—
"(A) who is to be given access to the information in the system;
"(B) what limits are to be imposed on the use of such information; and
"(C) how information about activities or relationships which involve or are closely associated with the exercise of constitutional rights is to be screened out of the system; and
"(4) the extent to which the operating procedures established for the system provide for the prompt verification of the accuracy and completeness of information entered into the system and the prompt deletion or correction of inaccurate or incomplete information.
"(c) Report to Congress.—Before the end of the 1-year period, beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 1992], the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit a report to the Congress containing the findings and conclusions of the Comptroller General in connection with the study conducted pursuant to subsection (a), together with such recommendations for legislative or administrative action as the Comptroller General may determine to be appropriate."
Reports on Uses Made of Currency Transaction Reports
Pub. L. 101–647, title I, § 101,Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4789, provided that: "Not later than 180 days after the effective date of this section [Nov. 29, 1990], and every 2 years for 4 years, the Secretary of the Treasury shall report to the Congress the following:
"(1) the number of each type of report filed pursuant to subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31, United States Code (or regulations promulgated thereunder) in the previous fiscal year;
"(2) the number of reports filed pursuant to section 6050I of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 6050I] (regarding transactions involving currency) in the previous fiscal year;
"(3) an estimate of the rate of compliance with the reporting requirements by persons required to file the reports referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2);
"(4) the manner in which the Department of the Treasury and other agencies of the United States collect, organize, analyze and use the reports referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2) to support investigations and prosecutions of (A) violations of the criminal laws of the United States, (B) violations of the laws of foreign countries, and (C) civil enforcement of the laws of the United States including the provisions regarding asset forfeiture;
"(5) a summary of sanctions imposed in the previous fiscal year against persons who failed to comply with the reporting requirements referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2), and other steps taken to ensure maximum compliance;
"(6) a summary of criminal indictments filed in the previous fiscal year which resulted, in large part, from investigations initiated by analysis of the reports referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2); and
"(7) a summary of criminal indictments filed in the previous fiscal year which resulted, in large part, from investigations initiated by information regarding suspicious financial transactions provided voluntarily by financial institutions."
International Currency Transaction Reporting
Pub. L. 100–690, title IV, § 4701,Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4290, stated Congressional findings concerning success of cash transaction and money laundering control statutes in United States and desirability of United States playing a leadership role in development of similar international system, urged United States Government to seek active cooperation of other countries in enforcement of such statutes, urged Secretary of the Treasury to negotiate with finance ministers of foreign countries to establish an international currency control agency to serve as central source of information and database for international drug enforcement agencies to collect and analyze currency transaction reports filed by member countries, and encouraged adoption, by member countries, of uniform cash transaction and money laundering statutes, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102–583, § 6(e)(1),Nov. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 4933.
Restrictions on Laundering of United States Currency
Pub. L. 100–690, title IV, § 4702,Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4291, as amended by Pub. L. 103–447, title I, § 103(b),Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4693, provided that:
"(a) Findings.—The Congress finds that international currency transactions, especially in United States currency, that involve the proceeds of narcotics trafficking fuel trade in narcotics in the United States and worldwide and consequently are a threat to the national security of the United States.
"(b) Purpose.—The purpose of this section is to provide for international negotiations that would expand access to information on transactions involving large amounts of United States currency wherever those transactions occur worldwide.
"(c) Negotiations.—(1) The Secretary of the Treasury (hereinafter in this section referred to as the 'Secretary') shall enter into negotiations with the appropriate financial supervisory agencies and other officials of any foreign country the financial institutions of which do business in United States currency. Highest priority shall be attached to countries whose financial institutions the Secretary determines, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Director of National Drug Control Policy, may be engaging in currency transactions involving the proceeds of international narcotics trafficking, particularly United States currency derived from drug sales in the United States.
"(2) The purposes of negotiations under this subsection are—
"(A) to reach one or more international agreements to ensure that foreign banks and other financial institutions maintain adequate records of large United States currency transactions, and
"(B) to establish a mechanism whereby such records may be made available to United States law enforcement officials.In carrying out such negotiations, the Secretary should seek to enter into and further cooperative efforts, voluntary information exchanges, the use of letters rogatory, and mutual legal assistance treaties.
"(d) Reports.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 18, 1988], the Secretary shall submit an interim report to the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate on progress in the negotiations under subsection (c). Not later than 2 years after such enactment, the Secretary shall submit a final report to such Committees and the President on the outcome of those negotiations and shall identify, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Director of National Drug Control Policy, countries—
"(1) with respect to which the Secretary determines there is evidence that the financial institutions in such countries are engaging in currency transactions involving the proceeds of international narcotics trafficking; and
"(2) which have not reached agreement with United States authorities on a mechanism for exchanging adequate records on international currency transactions in connection with narcotics investigations and proceedings.
"(e) Authority.—If after receiving the advice of the Secretary and in any case at the time of receipt of the Secretary's report, the Secretary determines that a foreign country—
"(1) has jurisdiction over financial institutions that are substantially engaging in currency transactions that effect [affect] the United States involving the proceeds of international narcotics trafficking;
"(2) such country has not reached agreement on a mechanism for exchanging adequate records on international currency transactions in connection with narcotics investigations and proceedings; and
"(3) such country is not negotiating in good faith to reach such an agreement,the President shall impose appropriate penalties and sanctions, including temporarily or permanently—
"(1) prohibiting such persons, institutions or other entities in such countries from participating in any United States dollar clearing or wire transfer system; and
"(2) prohibiting such persons, institutions or entities in such countries from maintaining an account with any bank or other financial institution chartered under the laws of the United States or any State.Any penalties or sanctions so imposed may be delayed or waived upon certification of the President to the Congress that it is in the national interest to do so. Financial institutions in such countries that maintain adequate records shall be exempt from such penalties and sanctions.
"(f) Definitions.—For the purposes of this section—
"(1) The term 'United States currency' means Federal Reserve Notes and United States coins.
"(2) The term 'adequate records' means records of United States' currency transactions in excess of $10,000 including the identification of the person initiating the transaction, the person's business or occupation, and the account or accounts affected by the transaction, or other records of comparable effect."
International Information Exchange System; Study of Foreign Branches of Domestic Institutions
Pub. L. 99–570, title I, § 1363,Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–33, required the Secretary of the Treasury to initiate discussions with the central banks or other appropriate governmental authorities of other countries and propose that an information exchange system be established to reduce international flow of money derived from illicit drug operations and other criminal activities and to report to Congress before the end of the 9-month period beginning Oct. 27, 1986. The Secretary of the Treasury was also required to conduct a study of (1) the extent to which foreign branches of domestic institutions are used to facilitate illicit transfers of or to evade reporting requirements on transfers of coins, currency, and other monetary instruments into and out of the United States; (2) the extent to which the law of the United States is applicable to the activities of such foreign branches; and (3) methods for obtaining the cooperation of the country in which any such foreign branch is located for purposes of enforcing the law of the United States with respect to transfers, and reports on transfers, of such monetary instruments into and out of the United States and to report to Congress before the end of the 9-month period beginning Oct. 27, 1986.
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|Programs Home
|Program Description
|Plan of Study
|Course Descriptions
|Course Offerings
|Transfer Options
*ENG 070, ENG 080, ENG 090, ENG 090A, MAT 050, MAT 060, MAT 070, RED 070, RED 080, or RED 090 may be required based on placement test results.
Major Elective: Choose 6 hours from the following courses: DBA 110, CTS 230, OST 236, WEB 110
Humanities Electives: ART 111, ART 114, ART 115, ART 117, DRA 111, DRA 122, ENG 231, ENG 232, ENG 233, ENG 241, ENG 242, ENG 243, ENG 251, ENG 252, ENG 261, ENG 262, HUM 110, HUM 115, HUM 120, HUM 121, HUM 122, HUM 150, HUM 160, MUS 110, PHI 215, PHI 240, REL 110, REL 211
Social Sciences: ANT 210, ANT 220, ECO 251, ECO 252, GEO 111, GEO 112, HIS 111, HIS 112, HIS 121, HIS 122, HIS 131, HIS 132, HIS 236, POL 120, POL 220, PSY 150, PSY 237, PSY 241, PSY 263, PSY 281, SOC 210, SOC 213, SOC 215, SOC 220, SOC 225
1The following plan of study is the standard curriculum for the above program. Any deviation from the prescribed curriculum must have approval in advance. All prerequisite course requirements must also be met. To graduate the student must successfully complete all the required courses, the required credit hours for electives, and have a 2.0 overall grade point average. This plan of study is subject to change when the college thinks such action is in the best interest of the student or the program. It is the responsibility of the student to meet requirements for graduation. If accepted students do not enroll for three successive semesters, they must contact the Admissions office to determine if readmission is necessary.
V.A. Students: An approval signature from the V.A. Office is required before registering. Some courses may not be certifiable.
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May 6, 2016
If you drop by American Legion Post 13 in Tallahass, you'll probably find Val Frailey. He's there about three hours a day, every day.
Frailey's the post commander, and he's seen some vets at their worst.
"There's quite a few of 'em that for one reason or another they're on hard times, they come back to the states, they don't have a job, although they're supposed to...there's a lot of them that try to get into the different kind of homeless abilities," said Frailey.
Some help is on the way.
Three amendments were passed by Florida voters with two of them designed to help veterans.
Amendment 2 expands on the homestead property tax discount which gives disabled veterans a break on property taxes even if they didn't live in Florida when they entered the service.
Amendment 9 is aong the same lines, giving a property tax break to surviving spouses of veterans killed in action.
"Both of them I think are fantastic. If a guy comes back wounded from being overseas, he should have a little relief on his taxes on his homestead. It helps a lot," said Frailey.
And maybe it's one more reason to celebrate this Veteran's Day.
The other amendment that passed also provided homestead exemption; this time for low income seniors over the age of 65 who have lived at their homes for 25 years or more.
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Customer Comments
better that Dunlop original equipment20/09/2012
These tyres replaced the OEM Michelin Primacys. The Yokohamas have been brilliant with great grip and roadholding in wet and dry conditions. The load rating was also higher than the Michelins which was a bonus as the Citroen C8 they are fitted to are notorious for using up front tyres every 10-12k miles. This pair lasted 25k and performed brilliantly for 2 years. Also 2/3 of the price of the Michelins.19/01/2012
Simply the best place to go for tyres.26/09/2010
I've had these tyre on my car for two years and I have driven my car to max but the grip has been amazing now going to try a more expensive set of yokohama's get these if this is your price range, easily the best in price range31/08/2010
Original fitment on car and maintained their life well. Grip is good in both wet and dry. In comparison to other makes the price was competetive. Hard wearing with 20K from the fronts and 30K on the backs, so content to stick with this brand.15/05/2010
Customer Ratings
Number of ratings: 12
- Car feels better to drive:
- Would buy again:
- Value for money:
- Overall rating:
- Full logic asymmetric tread design.
- Sport handling with executive comfort.
- Excellent wet weather performance.
- Advanced tread compound for long tyre life.


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this is one of my favourites of yours.. good thing there's lots of pools in that map, i drool every time i look at it
NOTE: All these material is Copyright of Paizo Publishing LLC
Just found this forum and I'm posting this here to descrive its elaboration. I think some people may find interesting to see its process and also to hear a little about client-cartographer cartography.
I'll dig up some of these images and start posting them on the weekend
If you have any specific questions please do ask!
I'm pretty green in these forums -and not a native english speaker- so please bear with me
EDIT: Added the name and "north" sign.
Last edited by Hugo Solis; 09-30-2011 at 02:03 PM.
this is one of my favourites of yours.. good thing there's lots of pools in that map, i drool every time i look at it
My finished maps
"...sometimes the most efficient way to make something look drawn by hand is to simply draw it by hand..."
This is great, any chance you could give a little advice on how you did your houses?
My Finished Maps :: My Challenge Maps :: My Tutorials :: The World of Ashlon- My Obsidian Portal/World BuilderProjects
WIP :: Carian Round... Who knows...
Back Burner :: World Map
Software: 99% Adobe Photoshop (CS4), Geo Control 2, Wilbur Every so often I use another program!
I really dig the style of this. It's awesome!
When its over and you look in the mirror, did you do the best that you were capable of? If so, the score does not matter. But if you find that you did your best you were capable of, you will find it to your liking. -John Wooden
* Rivengard * My Finished Maps * My Challenge Maps * My deviantArt
Great map! And all tips you can share will be gladly received.
My finished maps
Mapping Worlds (My blog about mapping)
Imaginary maps (My facbook page devoted to mapping)
here we go these are the first three drafts I made for the editor to choose a layout:
As you can relate with the final map, the chosen draft was #3. Many details were added to this draft after it was selected, then sent back again for approval before detailing it furter.
There was some element mixig with the final draft, taking some of the elements I liked the most from the first two drafts and mixing it into the final and more detailed draft.
BTW, I suppose is OK to post this in here since I feel this is more a step by step development other than a tutorial... I suck at explaining
Last edited by Hugo Solis; 09-06-2011 at 11:41 PM.
It's fine to post it here! This is wonderful stuff, please keep going!
BTW, the 'My Cartography gallery' link in your sig seems to be broken.
Now the final draft turns into sketch.
After I define the general layout of the terrain and place the "landmark" buildings, I start drawing the main roands that connect properly the whole city and then all blocks start falling into place. I like doing "odd" shapes with the block because there's alwas a "big rock" or other topographic feature that prevents straight lines and angles to shape your regular city.
Once I'm happy (and most important, the client is happy) with the sketch, I proceed to trace it digitally, starting again with the main topographic features.


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Date: 11/14/2012
Time: 6:30pm - 8:00pm
Cost: $35
This class will cover gluten, celiac disease, gluten sensitivity, and label reading. You will receive handouts on naturally gluten free meals, gluten resources, and have the chance to sample some gluten free products.
The instructors, Gary and Nancy Leahy, are health coaches certified through the Institute for Integrative Nutrition, New York City. They have been lifelong farmers and remain involved with the agricultural industry. Gary and Nancy have three grown boys. Their passion for nutrition will help guide and educate you on what are the best choices for you as an individual.
To register for this class, please call the shop at 503-233-8691.


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You're one step closer to paradise...
[Note: My husband and I are on vacation this week, celebrating our 25th wedding anniversary. Three years ago, on October 22, we celebrated at a new restaurant on Kauai. During our 25 years of marriage, I've watched other friends marry, as well. Some stay married. Others do not--even those I thought were made for each other. The same can be said for restaurants on Kauai: Some come; some go. But not The Tavern at Princeville by Roy Yamaguchi. Its menu items may have changed since we visited in 2010 but the place is still doing well, based on its Yelp reviews. This blog post also happens to be one of my most read posts over the 5+ years I've been penning this blog. So, I'm pulling it out of the archives. Now, I'm getting back to my vacation. Mahalo for reading.]
When I think of a tavern, I think of a kind of place that's dark, dank and ancient. Something cave-like. I think of establishments in European basements. I think of smoke-filled bars in the rough part of town with Harleys parked out front and gruff men wearing tattoos, leather and red bandanas.
When I think of a tavern, I do not think of good food. I hardly think of food, at all.
The Tavern at Princeville by Roy Yamaguchi on Kauai's North Shore is not like any tavern I know. (Disclosure: I am not an expert on taverns, mind you.)
It's located in tony Princeville, the posh part of the island, and is found inside a golf course club house. There's draft beer and bottled beer but no bikers. During the day, instead of motorcycles, you'll find golf bags parked out front.
My husband and I arrived five minutes late for our 7:15 p.m. reservation. But that wasn't a problem. No long line snaked out the front door. No one, server or waiting guests, hovered over our table, urging us to sit, order, gulp down our food.
Inside, floor-to-ceiling windows and overly bright track lighting left no corner in the dark. I looked around. The décor wasn't much. But what can you do with no wall space in a giant cavernous room? Roy had painted the small bit of wall space there was, covered the ceramic tile floor with carpet and installed wooden tables finished with a dark stain. I noted a lounge area at the entrance with stuffed leather sofa and chairs in which you can sink; however, not a dent was left in the cushions from where others had waited for a table when we went last Friday to celebrate our 22nd wedding anniversary. Some day.
With little fanfare, The Tavern, as they call themselves, opened in mid-September in the midst of ongoing renovations at the clubhouse of the Prince Golf Course. There was no advertising blitz. No grand opening. You won't find mention of the restaurant on the official Roy's website, not even their Facebook page.
We had made a reservation—not that we needed to. Not yet. The majority of tables were filled, including the long booths serving as a divider in the center of the room, with familiar faces—even a world-champion, home-grown surfer and his very pregnant wife. It felt like an enclave of North Shore folk, and it was. I spotted not a single visitor. That will change.
At the far end of the restaurant, a bar with the obligatory, overhead television aired some sports event. From our table across the room, I couldn't hear a single cheer or jeer. A few people bellied up to the bar, but I didn't see a tattoo or red bandana, not a one.
We started with a bowl of Crispy Calamari with Spiced Yuzu Aioli ($13), per our waiter Darron's recommendation, and it was just that, crispy. And good.
The hubs ordered a Guiness ($6), and I tried a glass of The Tavern Red ($6.50) bottled exclusively for Roy by Gary Burke of Costa de Oro in the Santa Maria Valley of Santa Barbara County. It was a blend of syrah, shiraz, pinot noir and some grape foreign to my ears. I can still taste it today, how the back of my tongue came alive as the wine slid over the spicy aioli sauce lingering in my mouth. I'd go back just for that combination.
Darron hauled—and I do mean hauled—over the list of specials on a roving five-foot-tall chalk board. "Where's the butterfish?" I asked.
"No butterfish," Darron said.
"What about the chocolate soufflé?" my husband asked.
"No chocolate soufflé?" Darron said.
"So, this really isn't a Roy's, is it?" I asked.
"No, it isn't," Darron said.
It was, he informed us, a place that Roy created—the one and only of its kind—that makes rustic, comfort food. "The kind of food Roy likes to eat." (You mean he doesn't like to eat off the Roy's menu? He doesn't like the butterfish? Maybe, after dozens years, he's sick of it.) That accounts for the Buttermilk Fried Chicken with sautéed kale and mashed potatoes ($18) and his father's favorite, the Tavern Beef Stew with buttered noodles, carrots and potatoes ($18).
Speaking of kale, Darron pointed out the window. Some 200 yards away, he said, they grew all their own greens. Like many other restaurants around Kauai, The Tavern has jumped on the locavore wagon. They endorse the farm-to-table movement. Whatever they do not grow, they source locally, when possible.
According to Darron, the chef told the wait staff earlier in the evening that the menu was 92% local. I found that statistic a little hard to believe with the calamari, New Zealand opah, King salmon and jumbo shrimp on the menu. But there were also short ribs, Portuguese sausage and burgers. The menu is categorized this way: Beginnings; From the Garden; Flatbreads, Burgers and More; Tavern Classics; Meats; Sides; and Save Room.
For dinner, my husband ordered a 16-ounce Grilled Ribeye Steak ($36). I violated my usual rule to never order anything my husband makes at home and selected off the rolling blackboard—Blackened Island Ahi ($34) served over mashed potatoes and with a radish salad, three grilled Jumbo shrimp and tomatillo sauce on the side. The result: Husband was quite pleased. I was happy—the fish was good and cooked to order—but I was not raving. And that's just fine. The point is: My husband didn't have to cook.
We saved room for The Tavern Pie ($7) and Warm Olive Oil Chardonnary Cake ($8) but neither compared to the Chocolate Souffle at the Roy's restaurant in Poipu.
The true review, I think, of this restaurant is that in the ensuing week since our visit, I keep thinking about the place. I think about what I will order next time—for sure the wine and maybe the Macadamia Nut Pesto, Tomato & Olive Flatbread ($12). Or maybe the Dungess Crab & Artichoke Flatbread ($15). I keep thinking how The Tavern is a place I'd like to frequent. A place to hang out with friends.
But I do have a warning to issue: If you are saving a Roy's gift card in your wallet for a special occasion, you will NOT be able to cash it in here. Last week, I wrote about finding a Roy's gift card worth $125 in an old purse and, interestingly, our bill totaled $125.08. Unfortunately, the computer system at The Tavern couldn't "read" my card. The manager tried to explain that this was Roy's restaurant and not a Roy's restaurant. It seemed to all make sense to him, but it felt to me like Roy was just putting my money in his left pocket instead of his right. Too bad. It left a funny taste in my mouth when we walked away, but we still left our waiter a 20% tip—Darron's a good guy.
* To celebrate five years and 500 blog posts, I've put together a FREE photo e-book that you can download. It includes information like where I set up to take the shot and my camera settings, so that you can recreate these images, if you'd like. I hope you enjoy.
* If you enjoyed this blog post, please consider subscribing to my blog. That way, whenever I write a new post, an email will magically pop into your inbox, letting you know.
Happy Anniversary!
Thanks, Mary!
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text: InSite Vision develops novel topical anti-infective products, including AzaSite. InSite is pursuing the expansion of its portfolio of anti-infective ophthalmic products to include ISV-502 in Phase 3 pivotal trials as a product candidate directed at treating eye and eye lid infections and inflammation, currently an unmet need. In addition, InSite is evaluating the use of its product platform for ear infections with the product candidate, AzaSite Otic(TM) in preclinical development. The company is also developing AzaSite Xtra, a product designed to assist in penetrating international markets.


text: Biodiesel Production Hits Record 111 Million Gallons July 31, 2013 05:59 AM Tweet Biodiesel production reached a record 111 million gallons in May, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) reports. The previous record of 109 million gallons happened in December 2011. Year-to-date biodiesel production is up about 4% over levels in 2012, the EIA says. Of the millions of pounds of feedstocks consumed for biodiesel production, about 54% were soybean oil. Most biodiesel fuel is used for transportation, having been blended with diesel fuel that is derived from petroleum. Click here to read the full EIA summary. Back to news


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Bangladesh allows food grains transit via its port
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