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Thank you for your interest in joining the Informed Medical Decisions Foundation team. On April 1, 2014, the Foundation officially merged with Healthwise. Please visit Healthwise's career section for all employment opportunities.
About Us
Support Aligned Incentives for Patient Engagement
Together we can create a more patient-centered health care system.
Support Aligned Incentives for Patient Engagement
In May 2013, the Informed Medical Decisions Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation convened a meeting of key stakeholders to consider the ways in which promoting shared decision making could facilitate greater patient and family engagement in health care. The group affirmed the process of shared decision making as the pinnacle of patient and family engagement in health care, believing that optimal health care decisions can be made only when patients are fully informed of their options and work with a care provider who is aware of their goals and concerns.
The group endorsed a broad definition of patient and family engagement as the active participation of patients and their family members in a health care system that they are partners in designing and that is shaped by, respectful of, and responsive to their needs, as they define them. The group also endorsed a definition of shared decision making as a process in which care providers and patients work together to select tests, treatments, and care plans, based on clinical evidence and the patient's informed preferences.
Recognizing that in our current system patients and families are rarely invited to be fully active participants in their health care, we call upon all stakeholders to take the following actions to promote patient and family engagement and shared decision making:
- Replace the outdated view of patients as passive recipients of health care with one in which patients and their families are active participants and meaningfully engaged at every level, including system design and policy making.
- Support and accelerate the culture change in health care that is required to enable effective patient and family engagement in shared decision making.
We call on health systems, providers, and professional societies to:
- Build and promote an organizational culture in which patient and family engagement is valued and expected.
- Create processes that encourage greater communication and collaboration while ensuring true patient and family involvement in their care before, during, and after every encounter.
- Create an environment where providers routinely invite patients to share in all health decisions where there is more than one reasonable choice and enable them to express their preferences and concerns.
- Assure that patients and their families have access to reliable, unbiased, evidence-based information about their treatment options.
- Provide or participate in education and skills training in shared decision making and patient and family engagement for clinical teams.
We call on policy makers, payors, and employers to:
- Incentivize shared decision making within fee-for-service reimbursement rules, bundled payment programs, medical homes, and accountable care organizations.
- Develop novel health plan benefit design programs that incentivize shared decision making.
- Create and adopt policies in partnership with patients and families that encourage shared decision making, including its measurement, as a stimulus for quality and safety improvement.
- Continue to pass legislation to promote shared decision making as a better form of informed consent for preference-sensitive conditions.
Set standards for patient decision aids building on the work of the International Patient Decision Aids Standards collaboration (IPDAS).
Strengthen the link between criteria for Meaningful Use of health information technology with the timely provision of patient decision support materials.
We call on patients and their families to:
- Ask providers about your options when making a health decision, including benefits, harms and uncertainties, and the likelihood of each outcome.
- Be open in telling your provider about your health goals, concerns, and preferences.
- Partner with providers and health systems in designing, implementing and evaluating shared decision making programs.
We call on journalists and communicators to:
- Highlight the ethical, safety, and cost implications of care delivery when patients and families are not engaged, informed and involved.
- Share success stories from organizations that have implemented shared decision making and meaningful patient and family engagement.
- Communicate key messages about shared decision making, including its time-effectiveness, high acceptance by patients, and its potential to reduce unwanted care.
By joining forces, we can create a system of compassionate, respectful care that invites active participation of patients and their families and reaps the benefits of that engagement—higher levels of quality, safety, and efficiency, as well as improved health outcomes. We believe that only with full engagement of patients and families can we achieve the goal of a transformed health care system. We hope all stakeholders will join us in this most important endeavor.


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March 21, 2011
Daniel Lewis
It's not too often that a high school quarterback gets an offer to play defensive end in college. That is exactly what happened to Pharaoh Brown three days ago when he got news from Coach Joe Gilbert that he is receiving an offer from Illinois. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Shopping Security
When you shop with us, we guarantee that every transaction that you make with us will be safe and secure. To protect your personal information, we use a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). SSL is an encryption technology that prevents your personal information from being readable as it travels through the Internet. Please note that only the portion of our site that collects your personal information is secured by the SSL. When you begin the checkout process, you will enter the secure portion of our site. The SSL protects all of your personal information including your name, address, phone number, credit card number and email address. Is it safe to shop online? Using your credit card online for purchases is much safer than using
your credit card in a restaurant or department store since your card information is never handed over to anyone. When you use your credit card in a restaurant or department store, you provide them with your credit card number and card signature. When you use your credit card online, a SSL encrypts your information so that no one not even the retailer can see your credit card number.
Ameda Tweets
Moms Love Ameda
Ameda's Dedication to Quality and Safety
Comfort. Breastfeeding, while important and healthy, also needs to be done in a way that is comfortable. Ameda's breast pumps are designed to fit comfortably, and come in many different styles and shapes in order to fit to your needs and comfort levels.
[Learn More]
Affordable Care Act
You may be covered... at no cost to you!
Now Breastfeeding Services and Supplies Are Covered Without Cost Sharing in Health Plans Starting August 1, 2012. Read about NEW Coverage Guidelines Under Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
[Verify Coverage & Order]


text:
Collection of Climate and Energy Educational Resources
The CLEAN Collection is a hand-picked and rigorously reviewed collection of educational resources aligned with the Climate Literacy and the Energy Literacy frameworks, and the Next Generation Science Standards.
The review process engages scientists and educators in vetting each resource for scientific accuracy, pedagogic effectiveness and useability.Help
Show all pages
Current Search Limits
Climate and Energy Topicsshowing only Climate Impacts Show all Climate and Energy Topics
Refine the Results
Resource Type
Climate and Energy Topics Show all Climate and Energy Topics
- Sea Level Rise 50 matches
- Extreme Weather 32 matches Increases in extreme weather intensity and frequency. Floods, drought, hurricanes, storms, heat waves.
- Ecosystem Changes 72 matches Impacts to ecosystems, such as boreal forests, wetlands, tundra
- Plants and Animals 70 matches Impacts to plant and animal species
- Melting Ice and Permafrost 69 matches Includes glacial retreat and thinning
- Ocean Warming / Acidification 29 matches Includes changes in ocean currents due to warming
- Availability of Water Resources 19 matches including drought
- Agricultural Changes / Food Security 12 matches
- National Security 5 matches Includes climate refugees
- Public Health 13 matches
- Economic Impacts 10 matches
Climate Impacts104 matches General/Other
Grade Level
Climate Literacy Principles
- Humans can take action 37 matches Humans can take actions to reduce climate change and its impacts.
- Sun is primary energy 6 matches The Sun is the primary source of energy for Earth's climate system
- Climate is complex 38 matches Climate is regulated by complex interactions among components of the Earth system
- Life affects climate; climate affects life 67 matches Life on Earth depends on, is shaped by, and affects climate
- Climate is variable 54 matches Climate varies over space and time through both natural and man-made processes
- Our understanding of climate 99 matches Our understanding of the climate system is improved through observations, theoretical studies, and modeling
- Humans affect climate 46 matches Human activities are impacting the climate system
- Climate change has consequences 182 matches Climate change will have consequences for the Earth system and human lives
Energy Literacy Principles
- Energy is a physical quantity 6 matches Energy is a physical quantity that follows precise natural laws.
- Physical processes on Earth are the result of energy flow 45 matches Physical processes on Earth are the result of energy flow through the Earth system.
- Biological processes depend on energy flow 17 matches Biological processes depend on energy flow through the Earth system.
- Various sources of energy are used to power human activities 8 matches
- Energy decisions are influenced by several factors 10 matches
- Human use of energy 12 matches
- Energy affects quality of life 43 matches The quality of life of individuals and societies is affected by energy choices.
Regional Focus
Dataset Use
Environmental Education Guidelines Show all Environmental Education Guidelines
Results 1 - 10 of 241 matches
A Global Issue: The Impacts of Climate Change
A New Climate State: Arctic Sea Ice 2012
Climate Change and Citizen Science


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Don't miss out on these events: MEMS Testing Standards Workshop, M2M Forum, MIG's 10th Anniversary Celebration, and MIG's website "virtual launch party."
By Monica Takacs, Director of Programs and Marketing, MEMS Industry Group
This year commemorates MIG's 10th anniversary. We are very proud of our growth from five member companies back in 2001, to over 100 member companies today. It's a true testament to the support of our members that has enabled us to pursue our mission to grow MEMS across global markets. MIG is hosting two conferences in March; MEMS Testing Standards Workshop and M2M Member-to-Member Forum, the annual members meeting of MEMS Industry Group. In addition, we launched our new web site and will host a virtual launch party to show off the new features and enhancements. Next month's events will be an outstanding opportunity to learn, contribute, and network with your peers.
Life with MEMS testing standards. What do you think?
Wednesday, March 16 is the MEMS Testing Standards Workshop. We're holding this event in partnership and support from NIST to identify and document device level qualification and testing needs. The results of this workshop will go into a MIG/NIST Workshop Report that will help build the case for funding MEMS testing and MEMS in general. Attendees will be able to contribute their ideas to the report.
We've already started our research. We met in Cancun in January at IEEE MEMS 2011 and recently launched a survey to gather information about which MEMS standards are currently used at MEMS companies. Be part of the research!
At the workshop (open to everyone in the MEMS industry), attendees will learn about how other companies test MEMS. After each presentation, the group will talk about how to improve testing methods to lower cost. It's a great opportunity to learn from your peers in an impressive exchange of ideas!
We'll have a networking reception after the event concludes that will bridge the MEMS Testing Standards Workshop with MIG's M2M Member-to-Member workshop. There will be opportunity to engage with other MEMS gurus; while eating, drinking, and partaking in general merriment.
Which testing challenges keep you up at night?
On March 17, we kick off M2M Member-to-Member forum (formerly known as METRIC). This meeting is for members of MEMS Industry Group only. At M2M Forum, attendees will split into working groups to discuss challenges and solutions to problems facing the industry. We'll discuss strategies to reduce cost and increase efficiency of MEMS test. MIG's been working diligently over the past 6 months to gather presentations and to bring you interviews with companies about MEMS test. We're very excited to give you first access to the newly published iNemi Roadmap MEMS chapter!
We'll celebrate MIG's 10th anniversary at M2M Forum, St. Patrick's Day edition. Attend M2M to get your commemorative MIG t-shirt. We're planning some fun events to commemorate our 10th year. After a productive day of idea exchange, it will be time to network again. We've invited the Bay area MEMS meetup group to join us in the fun!
Where can you find the latest MEMS resources?
MIG will host a virtual launch party webinar to celebrate our new web site on March 2. Register now at www.memseducationseries.com. New web site features include a searchable document library, enhanced MEMS Marketplace featuring our members' profiles and logos, and a Foundry Engagement Guide wikia. Sign up today to learn more about the site. Attendees will be entered to win an iPod Nano or Starbucks gift card.
If you'd like more information on either of these events, please visit www.memsindustrygroup.org/events.


text: True to its name, the lean tenderloin is the tenderest cut of beef. Grilled or roasted whole, cut into filets, wrapped in pastry for a Wellington or sliced thin for a stroganoff, it always yields delicious results. Double R Ranch Co., a family-owned ranch in Washington, supplies our whole tenderloin, selecting the choicest of their grass-fed, grain-finished beef for our Butcher Shop.


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- All
- Angels and Demons
- Atonement
- Basic Reformed Theology
- Irresistible Grace
- Limited Atonement
- Perseverance of the Saints
- Total Depravity
- Unconditional Election
- The Church
- Church Discipline
- Church Leadership
- Creeds and Confessions
- God
- Holiness
- Sovereignty
- Heaven and Hell
- Heresies
- The Holy Spirit
- Jesus Christ
- Cross
- Incarnation
- Resurrection
- Justification
- Last Things
- Man and Sin
- Reference
- Sacraments
- Salvation
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- Regeneration
- Scripture
- Systematic Theology
- Theological Views
- Roman Catholicism
- Music
- Apologetics
- False Teaching
- Atheism
- Book Reviews
- Children's Books
- Christian Classics
- Christianity and Culture
- Creation
- Ethics
- Fiction and Literature
- Philosophy
- Science
- Bible Figures
- Bible Interpretation
- Bibles
- Books of the Bible
- Gospels
- Covenants
- General Reference Works
- Introduction to the Bible
- Jesus' Ministry
- Life of Jesus
- New Testament
- Old Testament
- Parables
- Prophecy
- Sermon on the Mount
- Ten Commandments
- The Lord's Prayer
- Controversies in the Church
- Alcohol
- Arts
- Bible Translation
- Covenant Theology
- Creationism
- Education
- Gender-Neutral Language
- Law and Gospel
- Lordship Salvation
- New Perspective on Paul
- Politics
- Race
- Sabbath
- Spiritual Gifts
- Women in Ministry
- Marriage and Family
- Divorce
- Parenting
- Practical Theology
- Discipleship
- Evangelism and Missions
- Grief and Death
- Pastoral Ministry
- Preaching
- Worship
- Spiritual Growth
- Anxiety and Worry
- Apostasy
- Assurance
- Conscience
- Depression
- Doubt
- Fellowship
- Godliness
- Guilt
- Humility
- Joy
- Knowing God's Will
- Legalism
- Love
- Money and Stewardship
- Oaths and Vows
- Prayer
- Pride
- Repentance and Forgiveness
- Sanctification and Growth
- Service
- Spiritual Fruit
- Suffering
- Thankfulness
- Vocation
- American Church History
- Ancient Church
- Biography
- The Byzantine East
- Eighteenth Century
- Enlightenment and Modernism
- Historical Theology
- Medieval Church
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- Puritanism
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- Seventeenth Century
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Helping the Impossible
Listen to Paul speaking in Ephesians 2:14–16 to a church that is dividing on ethnic and social lines: "For he himself is our peace, who has made the two groups one and has destroyed the barrier, the dividing wall of …Read More
Our Shameless World
The first mention of shame in Scripture actually celebrates the absence of it: Adam and Eve were naked and felt no shame (Gen. 2:25). The final destination of Scripture is the New Jerusalem, where nothing shameful will ever enter (Rev. …Read More
Paradise Restored
There are any number of ways to capture the glory of Eden. Because it is a garden paradise, we can focus on its bucolic nature. Bereft of thorns and thistles, fruitful and beautiful, it is the ideal location, designed for …Read More
The Practice of Sinning
It was early in the morning on New Year's Day in 2006, in Rio de Janeiro, and I was having trouble sleeping. The noise of the New Year festivities had kept me awake. So I decided to take a walk …Read More
Sacramental Assistance
We all have those moments in our lives that we say were formative for the shaping of who we are today. We celebrate birthdays in our homes every year. We remember our wedding anniversaries and the dates on which we …Read More
Tackling Shame
Binding and demoralizing, shame alienates us from both God and man. But where do we as believers begin to unravel our shame? There must be a Christian answer to it, for God would not abandon His beloved at their profoundest …Read More
An Unlikely Convert: An Interview with Rosaria Butterfield
Tabletalk: Your book is titled The Secret Thoughts of an Unlikely Convert. Could you explain some of your "secret thoughts," and why you were an "unlikely convert"? Rosaria Butterfield: I considered myself an atheist, having rejected my Catholic …Read More
The Weight of Shame
Shame—we all feel it, or at least we should. We are all sinful, and our sin brings shame. Although shame has all but disappeared from our culture's vocabulary and is largely ignored by many in the church, it exists nonetheless …Read More
What Shame Does
In a moment pregnant with sorrow and hope, dignity and depravity, and suering and glory, a grieving mother stood before the mourners who had gathered to honor a man's life and spoke the words, "Shame killed my son, Luke. Shame …Read More
When Not to Take Communion
When I was growing up, I did not like going to church. For a young boy in a rural town, church was boring, long, and filled with old, stodgy people singing old, stodgy songs. I would have rather been playing …Read More


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Gaia Herbs, Kids, Black Elderberry Syrup, Alcohol-Free Formula, 3 fl oz (90 ml)
By Gaia Herbs
Volume Discount
Buy 4+Save 5%
Loyalty Program
- Loyalty credit equals to 10% of the final shopping cart price, excluding shipping charges, and is available to be used toward your next order once your current (last) order has shipped.
- You have a pending credit from a previous order. Once the order is shipped out, the credit will be available.
- Each time you place a new order, a loyalty credit equal to 10% of the value of your order will be given to you.
- Loyalty credits expire 60 days after your last purchase with iHerb.
This product is already in your Wish List.
View Wish List
This product is now in your Wish List.
Expiration Date:?Sep 2017
Expiration Date
The length of time for the expiration date or "best used before" date depends on the type of product, as well as the brand.
Perishable items (such as flax oils or certain probiotics) generally have shorter expiration dates. Although our warehouse is fully air-conditioned, these more fragile items are put in cold storage (freezer or refrigeration unit) for maximum freshness.
Our receiving department does its best to verify and then enter the correct expiration dates for all incoming products. However, discrepancies do occur from time to time. This being said, the exceptionally high turnover at iHerb ensures that our inventory is among the freshest in the industry.
Shipping Weight:?0.84 lbs (0.38 kg)
Shipping Weight
The Shipping Weight includes the product, protective packaging material and the actual shipping box. In addition, the Shipping Weight may be adjusted for the Dimensional Weight (e.g. length, width & height) of a package. It is important to note that certain types of products (e.g. glass containers, liquids, fragile, refrigerated or ice packed) will often require protective packaging material. As such, these products will reflect a higher Shipping Weight compared to the unprotected product.
- Product Code: GAI-14570
- UPC Code: 751063145701
- Package Quantity: 3 fl oz (90 ml)
- Dimensions: 2 x 2 x 4.7 in, 0.5 lbs (0.23 kg)
Product Overview
- Great Tasting!
- Supports a Child's Healthy Immune System
- Natural Vitamin C from Acerola Cherry Extract
- Contains no Artificial Ingredients or Preservatives
- With Acacia Honey for Kid-Friendly Taste
- Dietary Supplement
Black Elderberry Syrup
Black Elderberries have been recognized for centuries throughout Europe for their immune supportive properties. This great tasting all-natural syrup, made from Certified Organic Black Elderberries and added Acacia honey, can be taken by children daily or on occasion to support their immune systems. Honey offers tasty and soothing support for the upper respiratory system. The formula contains no artificial flavors or colors, no preservatives, and no high fructose corn syrup.
Suggested Use
Age 1-2 use 1/4 teaspoon, age 3-5 use 1/2 teaspoon, age 6 and above use 1 teaspoon. Take once daily for general immune support. Take 2 times daily for acute use.
Refrigerate after opening. Shake well before using.
Other Ingredients
Organic sugar cane, water, organic honey and lemon juice.
This product contains honey - not for use in children under 1 year old. If your child has a medical condition or takes pharmaceutical drugs, please consult with your doctor before use. Use only as directed on label. Do not use if safety seal is broken.
|Supplement Facts
|Serving Size: 1 teaspoon (5 ml)
|Servings Per Container: 18
|Amount Per Serving
|% Daily Value††
|Total Carbohydrates
|4 g
|3 g
|Organic Black Elderberry♦
(Sambucus nigra) fruit juice
|950 mg
|Organic Acerola ♦
(Malpighia glabra) fruit extract
|100 mg
|Validated Full Spectrum Profile Vitamin C
|6 mg
|†Daily Value not established
††Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie die.
♦ = Organic ingredient according to EU Reg. CE n°834/07
iHerb Customer Reviews
Has given us lots of support and help for a healthy immune system.
kids love it
Posted by Reviewer2761270 on Dec 06, 2011
have not noticed difference in general, but my kids love it!
Synonymous with Health
Posted by 5507019025706122204 on Jan 15, 2013
Has given us lots of support and help for a healthy immune system.
Good taste
Posted by 5543893091265023310 on Feb 04, 2015
Good taste but don't know yet if it makes a difference.
from israel
Posted by Reviewer2435098 on Jan 17, 2012
i don't know if it's working, but the taste is great
Like this...
Posted by Reviewer3054208 on Sep 30, 2011
So far so good...


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PARIS (AP) " President Barack Obama on Monday touted close U.S. cooperation with China on climate change as vital to world efforts to slow global warming, even as he acknowledged persistent differences with China's President Xi Jinping over cybersecurity and maritime security.
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. (AP) " The man accused of opening fire at a Planned Parenthood clinic in Colorado Springs was due for his first appearance in court Monday, as speculation continued to mount over what motivated the attack and how authorities...
PARIS (AP) " The latest news from the U.N. climate conference that began Monday in Paris. All times local:
JERUSALEM (AP) " A Jerusalem court on Monday convicted two Israeli youths in the grisly killing last year of 16-year-old Palestinian Mohammed Abu Khdeir, while delaying a verdict for the third suspect in the case due to a last-minute insanity plea.
Pope Francis ventured into a volatile Muslim neighborhood of Central African Republic's capital on Monday to bring his message of reconciliation to the city's main mosque, insisting that Christians and Muslims have long lived peacefully together...
BALTIMORE (AP) " In Baltimore, this year can be divided into two parts: what came before Freddie Gray died and what happened afterward.
KINSHASA, Congo (AP) " A representative of civil society groups says at least 30 people have died, including civilians, in clashes between rebels and Congo's military in the country's east.
VATICAN CITY (AP) " A Spanish monsignor, a pair of Italian journalists and two others are defending themselves at a Vatican trial for the leak of confidential information detailing alleged greed, wasteful spending and poor management inside the Holy...
NEW YORK (AP) " Would you like to spend quality time with George Clooney as he showers you with compliments?
WASHINGTON (AP) " Officials were slow to handle racial incidents at the University of Missouri, and that contributed to protests, a student hunger strike, a threatened boycott by the football team and ultimately, the resignations of two...
WASHINGTON (AP) " The most ambitious "repeal and replace" health care plan from a presidential candidate comes from Sen. Bernie Sanders, not from a Republican.
Coldwater Directory
Business Name
Location, ST | website.com


text:
May 6, 2016
Trafffic is flowing normally again on Tenth Street near East Carolina University after a crash that was originally reported to police and dispatchers as involving an ECU bus. However, in the words of police officers on the scene, it was "just a fender bender."
The crash just after 8 a.m. on Tenth St. near Rock Springs and College Hill involved two vehicles. One has minor damage. No ECU buses were involved in the crash.
Pitt County dispatchers say police requested dispatchers send fire and EMS crews to Rock Springs and Tenth St. at 8:12 a.m.
A WITN photographer on the scene says police are still there, but there is no sign of any vehicles involved in a crash.
We'll update the story with more information shortly.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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Lately I've been drooling over the 135mm f/2.0 L lens and today I was able to get my hands on one to play with. I will try to get some more shots with it tomorrow but so far I was able to take a few of the kiddos in the front yard and I'm already totally convinced I gotta have it! This lens is super sweet!
The kids LOVE this swing!
I can't believe how big my Maddie Pants is getting!!!
I have no idea what he was pointing at but apparently it was serious! No smile for him!
That's better :-)


text:
Download Project
This article describes how to show crystal report in ASP.net MVC.
Here I will describe two different ways for showing crystal report in MVC.
1. Showing crystal report using ASP.net web forms in MVC.
A. In same window
B. In different window
2. Showing crystal report from Controller/action (by generating PDF on fly).
A. In same window
B. In different window
Later I will describe how to create a generic/ common report viewer web form and generic/ common report viewer Controller class, which will be used for showing any Crystal report (with/ without data).


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Perfect World headlines • Page 3
Neverwinter founders pack video and screens released
Neverwinter's closed beta is set to kick off next week, and Cryptic has released a video detailing how you can get involved in it. Granted, you have to sign up, but you can also secure your place by purchasing a founder's pack. Head below for a watch.
Star Trek Online third anniversary celebrations detailed
Cryptic Studios is holding several special events to mark the third birthday of Star Trek Online.
Neverwinter beta tests dated, founder's packs available
free-to-play MMO Neverwinter kicks off a series of closed beta tests next week; get the details and learn how to get onboard through the break.
Neverwinter character customization detailed, given screenshot treatment
Neverwinter screenshots have been released by Cyrptic along with a new developer blog. Both outline some of the character customization options related to armor and weapons in the game. It's not always about looking cool or pretty you know, although that's damn important too. The free-to-play action MMORPG based on the Dungeons and Dragons property […]
Neverwinter screens and videos show the Blackdagger Ruins, Vellosk zone
Cryptic has released a set of screenshots for Neverwinter, its free-to-play action MMORPG based on the Dungeons and Dragons property. Slated for release in 2013, the shots shows off the Blackdagger Ruins and the area, Vellosk. If videos are more your speed, ActionTrip has also posted a video featuring the ruins, along with one of […]
Blacklight: Retribution World's End update adds new character, maps and more
Free-to-play shooter Blacklight: Retribution is due for a hefty content drop at the end of this week.
Neverwinter trailer explains the lore behind The Chasm
A Neverwinter trailer which focuses on the lore of the Chasm has been released. It's posted below courtesy of IGN. In the Chasm, remnants of the Spellplague still "twist life into an army of horrors aimed at the city of Neverwinter." Spooky. The Chasm map will be one of the major adventure zones in Neverwinter […]
Neverwinter images of MMO's class, race and World Map appear online
Neverwinter news is slow going over here in North America, but lucky fans in China have been receiving all sorts of lovely information on the title. Today, TenTonHammer has word of some class reveals, and a shot of the world map have been posted on the MMO's Chinese site.
Star Trek Online Season 7: New Romulus now live
Star Trek Online Season 7: New Romulus is now live. The update finds both Federation and Klingon Captains working alongside Romulan leader D'Tan to search for a new home world for the Romulan refugees.
Cryptic games "infinitely better" for having gone free-to-play
Champions Online and Star Trek Online have been much improved by their transition to free-to-play, Neverwinter lead producer Andy Velasquez has said.
Neverwinter Paris Games Week demo nets beta access
If you can make it to Paris Games Week, which kicks off on October 31 and runs through November 4, stop by one of Perfect World Entertainment's 20 booths to have a go at the playable Neverwinter demo on offer to the public. As well as scoring a sneak peek at the MMO, you'll also […]
Champions Online - the Blood Moon event is back, runs through October 15
Champions Online's Blood Moon is back and the Undying Lord Takofanes is once again raising havoc. The Blood Moon event started yesterday, and runs through Monday, October 15. During that time, players can participate in zombie invasions, slaying undead heroes and take on Takofanes. Rewards and a new perk will be handed out as well. […]
Neverwinter video shows off the Guardian Fighter tank class
Neverwinter, the 2013 MMO in development at Cryptic, has a new video available showing off the Guardian Fighter. The tank class pretty much does what tanks do: deals and takes all the damage handed to it while ranged players help the tank chip away at the enemy with loads of pew-pew-pewing. Check out the fighter […]
Nighthawk event for Champions Online has gone live
The Nighthawk event for Champions Online has gone live. It includes a number of "new stealth and gadget-based powers," including calling in "a deadly Strafing Run." The video and screens also provide the first look at vehicles in the MMO, and Hawkwing jets are available now.
Perfect World Latest
Neverwinter character customization detailed, given screenshot treatment
Neverwinter screens and videos show the Blackdagger Ruins, Vellosk zone
Blacklight: Retribution World's End update adds new character, maps and more
Neverwinter images of MMO's class, race and World Map appear online
Cryptic games "infinitely better" for having gone free-to-play
Champions Online – the Blood Moon event is back, runs through October 15
Neverwinter shots and video show off the Blackdagger Keep zone
Neverwinter gamescom screens and trailer focus on the Ebon Downs
Never-before-seen Neverwinter content will be playable at gamescom
Cryptic Points converting to Perfect World's ZEN currency tomorrow
Champions Online and STO lifetime subs on sale, net access to Neverwinter beta
Neverwinter designer: "We saw potential to make a game that we liked better"
Neverwinter trailers explore Vellosk Lore, siege of Neverwinter
Neverwinter takes an action bent because "it's a whole lot of fun"
Star Trek Online, Champions Online accounts unlawfully accessed
Runic has "great Torchlight MMO ideas," but can't commit just yet


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As long as men can coerce women into having abortions, men can eschew responsibility for their actions. When men are not held accountable for their sexual activity, it fosters an attitude of women being for the gratification of men's desire instead of dignified human beings.
As long as an employer can coerce a woman into having an abortion, they can avoid recognizing her as a human being carrying life within her and instead treat her as a machine that is broken and needs to be fixed before it costs them profits.
Castle's assertion that abortion isn't about when life begins but about women's status shows me that she believes babies born and unborn are less human than adult women and therefore not deserving of human rights. This is a curious stance to take for someone whose society says it is "For Human Rights."
Castle implies that childbearing responsibilities are a slavery imposed on women by the public, especially "misogynistic males and religious theocrats." I would have thought that as an atheist, Ms. Castle would have a much firmer grasp of the theory of evolution. The "enslavement" of women with the task of childbearing is common to all and a survival trait culled through untold numbers of years of evolving and natural selection.
Castle, apparently, is unfamiliar with the "Family Medical Leave Act" when she questions the absence of laws protecting women's jobs if they become pregnant. As for the educational and other benefits the military receive, those are known as job benefits given to them by their employer, not society as a whole, as part of their compensation package. If Ms. Castle wishes to consider her potential childbearing as an occupation, then she needs to negotiate her compensation with her employer (the father of the child).
Castle wants laws passed to make artificial contraceptives affordable and readily available. I wonder if she is familiar with the cheap, effective, 100 percent all natural contraceptive known as abstinence? You can get a lifetime supply of it free and it is always available.
Castle's assertion that without abortion, an unplanned pregnancy will only end in "punishment", "economic and emotional hardship" is a fear tactic to deprive women with an unplanned pregnancy of hope for the future of their child, driving up the desire for abortions thus enslaving women to abortion providers.
Matt AbelColumbia Heights


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Well, flash forward into year 10 of my parenting journey
Dress- Up Clothes and in our house.... Sensory Boxes!
I have 4 kids, from 9 y.o. to 2.5 y.o. and they are all best friends. Yes, they fight, bicker and bully each other almost daily. :) But that is all natural.
Like your baby daughter, mine would learn their biggest sister's name first. My oldest is a born leader and a social butterfly. She can interact and make the shyest person smile. My son, who was born 2.5 y.o. after her was a very shy baby. Just seeing someone look at him, would make him cry. But because of big sister who was a social butterfly and he wanted to be with her so much he came out of his shell. Knowing him today, you would never guess he used to be shy.
Now my youngest 2.5 y.o., loves our social butterfly too. She is always looking for "Baaaah" as she calls her. If B. is nowhere in sight, my little one will say "Where's Baaah??"
So funny!
I grew up as the oldest of four and although we were a big group, we were never close because we went to school and we had our own set of friends. I think homeschooling has made my kids closer to each other. I pray that they stay best friends for life. :)
BTW, I love your creative ideas. I have mentioned your blog before on my learning logs. TFS!!
Awww...thank you so much Tereza and thank you for sharing your own story with me about your sweet kids. I have the same wish, for my daughters to always be each other's best friends first!
So sweet. I loved this post. The pictures of your daughters are priceless. I have two daughers as well that are close to your daughters in age and they too are the best of friends. Yes, they have their sibling moments, but the majority of the time you will find them playing together, creating together, singing together, dancing together, reading with each other, etc. I hope that they will always have a close relationship with each other like they do right now. Seeing the love my daughters share for each other brings me so much joy and happiness as a mother.
Disclosure of Material Connection: My family and I received one or more of the products or services mentioned in some of my posts for free in the hope that I would mention it on my blog. I only recommend products or services I use personally and believe my readers will enjoy in connection with my blog theme. I am disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission's 16 CFR, Part 255: "Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising." All opinions expressed on this blog are my own and all content is mine. I do not post pre-written posts from outside parties. My lesson plans and craft ideas are not to be sold for profit by others. Please play nicely. This blog does not share personal information with third parties nor do we store any information about your visit to this blog other than to analyze and optimize your content and reading experience through the use of cookies. You can turn off the use of cookies at anytime by changing your specific browser settings. We are not responsible for republished content from this blog on other blogs or websites without our permission. This privacy policy is subject to change without notice and was last updated on April 21, 2013. Pink and Green Mama is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com.


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It's time to get your son out of his shell and well, into another shell. The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Deluxe Donatello Costume for Boys is a high quality TMNT costume that will make your son really feel like he is a part of the turtle squad. The costume features a jumpsuit that has detailing that makes it look like armor. The front features the underbelly of a shell as well as a sash on the waist. Purple bands are on the arms of the jumpsuit to match the color of Donatello's eye mask. The mask is over the head and features the green skin of the turtle. Strap the shell onto the back and your son will be ready to leave the sewers and fight Shredder to save the city.
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May 6, 2016
Federal officials have helped the family of a Raleigh woman recover $45,000 of the nearly $200,000 that she lost to Jamaican scammers who told her that she had won a lottery prize.
Officials with the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement said authorities found $45,000 left in the scammer's account tied to the victim. Immigration agents worked with Homeland Security Investigations, Jamaican authorities, the Winston-Salem police and the woman's bank to find the money.
Authorities say the woman, who is in her 90s, received information last May that she had won a lottery prize. A man later told her that she owed $9,000 in taxes and other expenses to receive the prize. She turned over nearly $200,000 before reporting the scam.
(Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)
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Difference between revisions of "Charter2"
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Education and Outreach: We will reach out to governments, end users, and other interested parties to educate them about the best practices and technical standards that can help them successfully implement all stages of electronic government. We will bridge the gap between technologists and governments to communicate, in a non-technical way, the business value of implementing these technical standards and solutions.
Education and Outreach: We will reach out to governments, end users, and other interested parties to educate them about the best practices and technical standards that can help them successfully implement all stages of electronic government. We will bridge the gap between technologists and governments to communicate, in a non-technical way, the business value of implementing these technical standards and solutions.
==Activity Plan and Tactics==
The Interest Group
The Interest Group , and enable the , to the to .
, and to and practitioners.
the groupon the , and communication of that and .
, the eGov IG will provide a venue groups to facilitate the goals and work of the Interest Group. Consistent with [http://www.w3.org/2004/02/Process-20040205/process#ReqsAllGroups W3C Process requirements on Task Forces], the eGov IG may form task forces composed of eGov IG participantsor other W3C task forcesto carry out assignments the chartered scope of eGov IG. Any such task force must have a work statement (including objectives, communication, participation, and leadership) that has been announced on the eGov IG mailing list, approved by the eGov IG, and is available from the eGov IG home page. eGov IG task forces should produce requirements documents that outline the scope and expectations for work. Task forces may set up separate teleconferences and hold face-to-face meetings per the W3C process and with the approval of the eGov IG.
eGov IG, and is available from the eGov IG home page. eGov IG task forces should produce requirements documents that outline the scope and expectations for work. Task forces may set up separate teleconferences and hold face-to-face meetings per the W3C process and with the approval of the eGov IG.
==Strategies and Goals==
==Strategies and Goals==
Revision as of 16:52, 14 July 2009
eGovernment Interest Group Charter - Year 2
status: final draft
The mission of the eGovernment Interest Group, part of the eGovernment Activity, is to document, advocate, coordinate and communicate best practices, solutions and approaches for improving access to government, through education and effective standards-based use of the Web.
Recognizing that different governments will have varying levels of sophistication around web and technology standards and adoption, the Interest Group will focus on two major topic areas in its second phase: Open Government Data (OGD), and Education and Outreach.
Information about joining the Interest Group is available on the group's participation page and more information on the group's home page.
|End date
|30 September 2011
Proceedings are public
|Initial Chairs
| Kevin Novak (American Institute of Architects)
John Sheridan (The [UK] National Archives)
| Initial Team Contacts
|José M. Alonso (W3C/CTIC)
|Usual Meeting Schedule
| Teleconferences: Every two weeks
Chairs Teleconferences: Every two weeks
Face-to-face: up to 2 per year
The eGovernment Interest Group (eGov IG) is a forum to support researchers, developers, managers, solution providers and governments at all levels (local, state, national, and multi-national) to understand the complexities of electronic government, share best practices, and implement effective solutions. The IG is a bridge between policy and technology, acting as a connector, communicator, creator and collaborator. We will partner with related organizations and W3C groups to ensure our work is efficient and complete.
The eGov IG, in its second phase, will focus on two major topic areas: Open Government Data (OGD), and Education and Outreach.
Open Government Data: Publishing data using open standards can help people efficiently share, combine, and expose government data, and will improve government's transparency and accountability by providing useful information to citizens. We will work with governments, end users, and other interested parties to develop best practices, standards, and approaches to successfully publish government data in open formats.
Education and Outreach: We will reach out to governments, end users, and other interested parties to educate them about the best practices and technical standards that can help them successfully implement all stages of electronic government. We will bridge the gap between technologists and governments to communicate, in a non-technical way, the business value of implementing these technical standards and solutions.
Activity Plan and Tactics
The eGov Interest Group will use email discussion, scheduled IRC chats and other collaborative tools to enable broad collaboration and communication within the Group, to address the most common barriers to effective electronic government.
In this phase, the eGov IG will document and publish issues and best practices briefs (which have the potential to become Group Notes) to educate and communicate value to eGovernment practitioners.
Efforts will include championing and evangelizing work of the group, communicating the importance of open web standards as related to electronic government, and helping developed and developing countries achieve the promise of electronic government. Additionally (depending on funding and partnership opportunities), the IG may oversee the development, testing, validation, documentation and communication of prototype applications that represent the eGov IG's findings, and the community's needs.
Furthermore, the eGov IG will provide a venue for sub-groups to organize and facilitate the goals and work of the Interest Group. Consistent with W3C Process requirements on Task Forces, the eGov IG may form task forces composed of eGov IG participants, or collaborate with other W3C task forces, to carry out assignments within the chartered scope of eGov IG. Any such task force must have a work statement (including objectives, communication, participation, and leadership) that has been announced on the eGov IG mailing list, approved by the eGov IG, and is available from the eGov IG home page. eGov IG task forces should produce requirements documents that outline the scope and expectations for work. Task forces may set up separate teleconferences and hold face-to-face meetings per the W3C process and with the approval of the eGov IG.
Strategies and Goals
[@@Suggested new goals:
- Build community. The IG will provide new opportunities for discussion online and in person, and to build new relationships with government agences and other key contributors.
- Develop good practices. The IG will gather success stories for publishing OGD and foster discussion among participants that lead to a clear understanding of the issues and solutions for publishing government data.
- Publicize results. The IG will disseminate its results and community the importance of open web standards and technological solutions to achieving the promise of electronic government. -- IJ @@]
The eGov IG will seek to achieve, champion, and incorporate the followings strategies and related goals into its work and efforts:
- The W3C, through the eGov IG, will become the leading source and coordinator of information and best practices related to open web standards for governments of developed and developing countries.
- Publish issue briefs
- Gather and communicate validated example based solutions
- Continue to lead, facilitate and engage a community of W3C members and invited expert practitioners
- The eGov IG will be the champion of and will facilitate, outreach, educate, communicate and evangelize the importance of open web standards and technological solutions to achieving the promise of electronic government and become the predominant source of government related contextual information and documentation for open web standards serving electronic government practitioners.
- Reach out to the press and public on a regular basis and provide regular press briefings and press access to experts
- Create Electronic Government focused W3C website
- Gather references, papers, links, and related materials
- Publish @@newsletter@@ email updates to subscription list
- Consult with governments or groups
- Actively participate in a minimum of three government related activities (such us US Open Government Initiative, UK Power of Information Task Force, etc.)
- Form coordination and/or task forces focused on Open Government Data and Web Development
- leave room for more TFs@@see also Anne's proposal http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-egov-ig/2009Jun/0083 @@
- Chairs to post blog posts
- The eGov IG will seek out and take part in partnerships, conferences, and opportunities which further the work of the W3C and eGov IG ensuring knowledge dissemination and subject matter completeness.
- Develop liaisons with like-minded organizations or groups
- Speak at different conferences, meetings, events, or symposia.
- The W3C, through the eGov IG and W3C groups, will host and offer validated and documented solutions utilizing open web standards and practices.
- Collaborate with W3C Groups or other partners to @@host success stories@@ aiding open government, open government data, or data catalog utilities.
- Document and disseminate findings and approaches
Major Focus Areas
@@structure this better so people skim reading it could get an idea of what the IG is about@@
The eGov IG will focus a significant portion of its time and efforts to two focus areas. The first is Open Government Data or OGD. Movement in the electronic government space, including major governments, and the technical communities energy surrounding transparency of government data has created an opportunity for the eGov IG to take a leadership role for the W3C in communicating, documenting, and validating applicable standards and practices related to open government data to ensure those involved in the space in launching major initiatives @@including Data.gov and Recovery.gov@@ have evaluated and incorporated web standards and practices into their efforts. @@add also here we expect to identify scenario and produce the OGD patterns --Jose@@
The second area of focus for the eGov IG will be @@web development@@. With the major new developments in web standards and browser technology, governments have new opportunities to advance their ability to better provide information and communicate with citizens. This area will focus on and how standards compliance can help overcome the complexity of delivering government information and services via the Web, the need for assistance with developing accessible and usable government websites, the importance of accounting for and understanding multi-channel delivery, and the significance of interoperability of data availability via web-based interfaces and applications. The group will provide education on the different approaches and standards and provide a forum for governments and stakeholders to publish use cases.
The eGov IG will formulate two task forces, one for each of the two focus areas @@and may form more if specific issues of interest to the community and in scope of this charter arise with clear goals and strategies@@. The Chairs and the overall group will monitor, guide, and facilitate the task forces while engaging the entire group in the ongoing maturation and education of all issues and potential solutions cited in the previously released Group Note ensuring the achievement of the group's goals and strategies.
@@need to add something about the Editoral TF, importance of education and outreach -- Jose@@
Additionaly the eGov IG will continue to focus and explore the general Year 1 areas.
Success Criteria
The eGovernment Interest Group should be considered successful if the documented strategies are met through the achievement of stated goals and tactics.
Measurement of success will be completed against documented achievements related to @@numeric and objective@@ results.
@@we can have other sorts of measurements as well -- Jose@@
The major goal of the Interest Group, in this phase 2, will be the development of Interest Group Notes, issue briefs published throughout the charter duration focused on the documentation and communication of open web standards development, applicable best practices and approaches, and including example based solutions (for more detail see goals above)
@@add something else about community building here??@@
The Interest Group may also propose holding more public workshops to explore new and emerging approaches.
- September 2009: Group formation - First teleconference
- October 2009 - September 2011: Issue Briefs or Group Notes to be published on regular basis
- September 2011: eGovernment IG ends
@@review all and update as appropriate, we might want to have coordination groups with other W3C groups, also liaisons should be reviewed just to setup those that can add value to our mission -- Jose@@
W3C Groups
- Mobile Web For Development Interest Group (MW4D)
- Deploying eGovernment services to citizens of Developing Countries is a major challenge due to the lack of infrastructure and computers. The current penetration rate of mobile phones makes them the most promising option for this deployment. On another side, the availability of government services may leverage the adoption of Mobile Web technologies. Therefore, close relationships between the eGovernment IG and the potential future MW4D IG are essential.
- Policy Languages Interest Group (PLING)
- Improving data annotation (for example, by means of a policy language) in government systems could help government improve the information about the data collected and distribute it for the purpose it was collected, filtering unnecessary or not legally redistributable information, not protecting more data than necessary, and improving transparency. PLING is a forum for W3C Members and the public to discuss interoperability issues - along with related requirements and needs - that arise when using a variety of policy languages where there is a need to compute results across these multiple languages, so coordination among both groups is needed.
- Security Activity
- eGovernment services are known to lead to specific security requirements. Reaching out to governments about security relevant work in other parts of W3C, and reaching out to the Web security community about government specific requirements will benefit both communities.
- Semantic Web Activity
- Facilities to put machine-understandable data on the Web are quickly becoming a high priority for many organizations, individuals and communities including eGovernment uses. Many government bodies have already started to look into the Semantic Web as the next step towards interoperability and data integration.
- Social Web Incubator Group
- The mission of the Social Web Incubator Group is to understand the systems and technologies that permit the description and identification of people, groups, organizations, and user-generated content in extensible and privacy-respecting ways.
- Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)
- WAI work has broad adoption in government policies all over the World and has codified Best Practices and Guidelines to achieve such the goal of universal access to the Web; relationship with WAI could leverage the eGovernment IG activity by learning and building on its success.
- Web Services Activity
- Web services provide a standard means of interoperating between different software applications, running on a variety of platforms and/or frameworks. Web services are characterized by their interoperability and extensibility, as well as their use of XML for machine-processable descriptions. They can be combined in a loosely coupled way to achieve complex operations. Programs providing simple services can interact with each other in order to deliver sophisticated added-value services. Technologies developed by the Web Services Activity are usually found in the core of the eGovernment architectures and frameworks.
- Open Web Education Alliance Incubator Group
- The mission of the Open Web Education Alliance Incubator Group (OWEA XG) is to help enhance and standardize the architecture of the World Wide Web by facilitating the highest quality standards and best practice based education for future generations of Web professionals.
External Groups
In order to provide input on how standards bodies could do better collective outreach and support better government data integration and sharing, the eGovernment Interest Group should establish liaisons with others standards and international bodies, including but not limited to:
- The eGovernment Focus Group mapped the various activities in the field of eGovernment standardization, discussed a roadmap for the future in Europe and released its final report in February 2008. A liaison will be considered if other eGovernment initiatives start at CEN.
- U.S. Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICoP)
- A community established by a group of individuals for the purpose of achieving semantic interoperability and semantic data integration focused on the government sector. Its main purpose is to support CoP members in their efforts to make the Semantic Web operational in their agencies.
- European Commission
- IDABC Unit; issues recommendations, develops solutions and provides services that enable national and European administrations to communicate electronically while offering modern public services to businesses and citizens in Europe.
- eGovernment Unit; implements eGovernment policy, good practice exchange and innovation in Europe.
- Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS)
- A liaison will be considered with the OASIS eGovernment Member Section (eGov MS), which serves as a focal point for discussions of governmental and public administration requirements for e-business standardization.
- Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
- The OECD E-Government Project explores how governments can best exploit information and communication technologies (ICTs) to embed good governance principles and achieve public policy goals. The Project produces reports on best practices and develops frameworks for addressing issues such as cost/benefit analysis, e-services and take-up. It also carries out country peer reviews on e-government. These reviews place e-government in a national context, and help identify the strengths and weaknesses of national eGovernment programmes.
- Organization of American States (OAS)
- The OAS objective is to support, facilitate and promote the integral development of the Latin American and Caribbean countries. RED GEALC is one of the instruments developed by OAS to achieve that goal, a network of eGovernment Leaders and a space to exchange expertise, knowledge and solutions in every area related to eGovernment with the aim of facilitating shared efforts and horizontal cooperation among member countries, through those in charge of the day-to-day of eGovernment.
- The World Bank
- eDevelopment Thematic Group; promotes the efficient use of ICT in development and World Bank operations by facilitating knowledge sharing on good practices in eDevelopment and eGovernment, and an ongoing dialogue amongst a large and diverse community of practitioners.
- International Council for Information Technology in Government Administration (ICA)
- ICA promotes the information exchange of knowledge, ideas and experiences between central government IT authorities on all aspects of the initiation, development and implementation of computer-based systems in and by government.
The group will actively seek contacts with other groups and similar organizations worldwide and decide on a case by case basis future liaisons as identified and needed to conduct its work.
Participation in the eGovernment Interest Group is open to the public. Any person interested in this topic is welcome to join. Individuals who wish to participate as Invited Experts (i.e., they do not represent a W3C Member) should refer to the policy for approval of Invited Experts. Invited Experts in this group are not granted access to Member-only information.
There are no minimum requirements for participation in the eGovernment Interest Group. Participants are strongly encouraged to attend the bi-weekly teleconferences and take advantage of frequent opportunities to review and comment on deliverables from other groups.
This group primarily conducts its work on the public mailing list firstname.lastname@example.com [archives].
Information about the group (deliverables, participants, face-to-face meetings, teleconferences, etc.) is available from the eGovernment Interest Group home page.
Decision Policy
As explained in the Process Document (section 3.3), this group will primarily make decisions through consensus. On occasion, when the Chair puts a question and observes dissent, after due consideration of different opinions the Chair should record a decision (possibly after a formal vote) and any objections, and move on.
Patent Disclosures
The eGovernment Interest Group provides an opportunity for interested parties to share perspectives on the topics addressed by this charter. W3C reminds Interest Group participants of their obligation to comply with patent disclosure obligations as set out in Section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy. While the Interest Group does not produce Recommendation-track documents, patent disclosure obligations do apply when Interest Group participants review Recommendation-track specifications from Working Groups.
For more information about disclosure obligations for this group, please see the W3C Patent Policy Implementation.
About this Charter
The original, June 2008 charter for the W3C eGovernment Interest Group recognized that governments the world over need assistance and guidance in the use of technology and the Web to implement the full promise of electronic government.
The eGovernment Interest Group fills a void in the Web and technology standards community by focusing on the unique and diverse issues faced by governments throughout the developed and developing world. These include enabling electronic service & information delivery and providing opportunities for discovery, interaction and participation.
@@we might want to remove these areas from here and also pointer from "Major Focus Areas" section if we think s much context is not needed@@
@@I think this much detail isn't necessary, but I'll edit it anyway :) -AdamHarvey@@
The work in the first year of the Interest Group focused on the following areas:
- Web Standards Usage
- Gathering information about the areas in need of best practice guidelines.: Best practices were determined by examining the successes and failures of opening, sharing, and re-using knowledge through the use of standards and specifications by government applications. These best practices will assist the Interest Group in identifying productive technical paths toward better public services.
- Providing input on standards compliance: Previously successful experiences in terms of broad government use (such as the Web Accessibility Initiative work) were used to identify ways in which standard bodies can improve communication in terms of government needs. For example, additional efforts to package, promote, and train on best practices, existing material, and tools.
- Transparency and Participation
- Identifying ways to improve government transparency and openness: The eGovernment Interest Group identified gaps in knowledge that, when filled, will enable the creation of a complete standards suite for open government data and linkable public sector information.
- Identifying ways to increase citizenship participation: The Interest Group recognized new methods for delivering information to citizens where the citizens are looking for it. Better use of these tools will both acknowledge and help active citizens and public servants in participatory activities.
- Identifying ways to increase citizen and business use of eGovernment services: The Interest Group obtained information on the benefits of Web use for government services, identified important selling points to get people and businesses to use eGovernment services, and identified areas for improvement. These selling points include time savings, money savings, and simplicity.
- Seamless Data Integration
- Identifying how to advance the state-of-the-art in data integration strategies: The eGovernment Interest group identified methods for governments and computer science researchers to continue working together to advance the state-of-the-art in data integration. This continuing collaboration will assist in the construction of useful, deployable proof-of-concept demos that use government information and demonstrate real benefit from linked data integration. These proof-of-concept tools ought to be targeted to applications that will show real improvement in areas that elected officials, government officers and citizens actually need. These areas would include addressing the needs of business cases through the use of XML, SOA, and Semantic Web technologies.
The eGovernment Interest Group recently completed its first year charter. This culminated in the release of a comprehensive issues paper on May 12, 2009. The group is now in the final phase of the charter and is actively communicating with the eGovernment community about the results of our first year of work.
This charter for the eGovernment Interest Group has been created according to section 6.2 of the Process Document. In the event of a conflict between this document or the provisions of any charter and the W3C Process, the W3C Process shall take precedence.
Copyright© 2009 W3C ® (MIT , ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved.


text:
Public Health Statement for 2-Butoxyethanol and 2-Butoxyethanol Acetate
This article is a verbatim version of the original and is not available for edits or additions by EoE editors or authors. Companion articles on the same topic that are editable may exist within the EoE.
August 1998
Public Health Statement for 2-Butoxyethanol and 2-Butoxyethanol Acetate
CAS# 2-Butoxyethanol 111-76-2 2-Butoxyethanol Acetate 112-07-2
This Public Health Statement is the summary chapter from the Toxicological Profile for 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate. It is one in a series of Public Health Statements about hazardous substances and their health effects. A shorter version, the ToxFAQs™, is also available. This information is important because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737.
This public health statement tells you about 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate and the effects of exposure.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies the most serious hazardous waste sites in the nation. These sites make up the National Priorities List (NPL) and are the sites targeted for long-term federal clean-up activities. 2-Butoxyethanol has been found in at least 20 of the 1,430 current or former NPL sites. 2-Butoxyethanol acetate has not been found at any of the 1,430 current or former NPL sites. However, the total number of NPL sites evaluated is not known. As more sites are evaluated, the sites at which 2-butoxyethanol or 2-butoxyethanol acetate are found may increase. This is important because exposure to these substances may harm you and because these sites may be sources of exposure.
When a substance is released from a large area, such as an industrial plant, or from a container, such as a drum or bottle, it enters the environment. This release does not always lead to exposure. You are exposed to a substance only when you come in contact with it. You may be exposed by breathing, eating, or drinking the substance or by skin contact.
If you are exposed to 2-butoxyethanol or 2-butoxyethanol acetate, many factors determine whether you'll be harmed. These factors include the dose (how much), the duration (how long), and how you come in contact with it. You must also consider the other chemicals you're exposed to and your age, sex, diet, family traits, lifestyle, and state of health.
What are 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate?
2-Butoxyethanol (bu-tox-zi-eth-an-ol) has many names, including ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol n-butyl ether, Butyl Cellosolve, butyl glycol, butyl Oxitol, glycol butyl ether, Dowanol EB, Gafcol EB, Poly-solv EB, and Ektasolve EB. Common abbreviations for 2-butoxyethanol include BE and EGBE. It is a clear, colorless liquid that smells somewhat like ether. Most people can begin to smell 2-butoxyethanol in air at 0.10–0.40 parts of 2-butoxyethanol per million parts of air (ppm). These levels are about 500 times lower than the present standard for worker exposure. 2-Butoxyethanol has been found in air, water, and soil as a contaminant. It is completely soluble in water and in most organic solvents. This means that when 2-butoxyethanol and water or 2-butoxyethanol and organic solvents are mixed, the mixtures form one layer, unlike mixing oil and water which separate into two layers. 2-Butoxyethanol is a fire hazard when exposed to heat, sparks, or open flames.
2-Butoxyethanol in the environment comes from some industrial activities. It is usually produced by a reaction of ethylene oxide with butyl alcohol, but it may also be made by the reaction of ethylene glycol with dibutyl sulfate. 2-Butoxyethanol is widely used as a solvent in protective surface coatings such as spray lacquers, quick-dry lacquers, enamels, varnishes, and latex paints. It is also used as an ingredient in paint thinners and strippers, varnish removers, agricultural chemicals, herbicides, silicon caulks, cutting oils, and hydraulic fluids. It has other uses in metal cleaners, fabric dyes and inks, industrial and household cleaners (as a degreaser), and dry-cleaning compounds. It is also used in liquid soaps and in cosmetics.
The acetate (ass-e-tate) form of this chemical is 2-butoxyethanol acetate. It is also known as ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, butoxyethyl acetate, butyl glycol acetate, ethylene glycol butyl ether acetate, acetic acid 2-butoxyethyl ester, glycol monobutyl ether acetate, Butyl Cellosolve acetate, or Ektasolve EB acetate. Common abbreviations for 2-butoxyethanol acetate include BEA and EGBEA. 2-Butoxyethanol acetate has been found in air, water, and soil as a contaminant. It is a colorless liquid with a fruity odor. Most people can begin to smell 2-butoxyethanol acetate in air at 0.10–0.48 ppm. It is only moderately soluble in water but is soluble in most organic solvents. This means that when 2-butoxyethanol acetate and water or 2-butoxyethanol and organic solvents are mixed, the mixtures form one layer, unlike mixing oil and water which separate into two layers. 2-Butoxyethanol acetate is a fire hazard when exposed to heat, sparks, flames, or oxidizers.
2-Butoxyethanol acetate in the environment also comes from some industrial activities. It is prepared by reacting 2-butoxyethanol with acetic acid, acetic acid anhydride, or acetic acid chloride. 2-Butoxyethanol acetate is widely used as a slow-evaporating solvent for lacquers, varnishes, epoxy resins, and enamels. It is also used in polyvinyl acetate latex, and it may be used in some ink and spot remover formulations.
What happens to 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate when they enter the environment?
2-Butoxyethanol may be released into the environment at places where it is produced or used as a solvent. Solvent-based household cleaners or building materials such as varnishes, lacquers, latex paints, and enamels may release 2-butoxyethanol into the air as they dry. Municipal landfills and hazardous waste sites can also release 2-butoxyethanol to water that is under the ground.
2-Butoxyethanol can pass into air from water and soil. In the atmosphere, 2-butoxyethanol probably exists almost entirely as a vapor. Once in the air, 2-butoxyethanol may be removed by precipitation (rain, snow, ice) or may break down to other compounds within a few days. 2-Butoxyethanol breaks down more slowly in water and soil than it does in air. It can move out of contaminated soil and move into groundwater. 2-Butoxyethanol does not build up in plants and animals.
2-Butoxyethanol acetate can pass into air from water and soil. It is directly released to the atmosphere by evaporation while it is being used as a solvent in paints, lacquers, thinners, inks, ink and spot removers, and resins. 2-Butoxyethanol acetate probably exists almost entirely as a vapor in outdoor air. It can be removed from the air by precipitation because it is moderately soluble in water. In air, 2-butoxyethanol acetate may also break down to other compounds within a few days. 2-Butoxyethanol acetate breaks down more slowly in water and soil than it does in air. It can move out of contaminated soil and move into groundwater. 2-Butoxyethanol acetate does not build up in plants and animals.
How might I be exposed to 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate?
Many people are exposed to small amounts of 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate every day. You can be exposed to these chemicals in the environment, in the workplace, and at home. Higher exposures usually occur in the workplace rather than in the environment or at home. The general population is exposed to 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate mainly by breathing air or having skin contact with liquids, particularly household cleaners, that contain these compounds.
You are less likely to be exposed by eating or drinking something that contains 2-butoxyethanol. The Food and Drug Administration has regulations to control its presence as a food contaminant. However, some drinking water supplies have been shown to contain 2-butoxyethanol.
Some people have been poisoned by accidentally or intentionally drinking consumer products such as all-purpose liquid cleaners containing 2-butoxyethanol. Some people who work in silk-screening, printing, furniture production and finishing, asbestos-mastic removal, and housekeeping occupations that use materials containing 2-butoxyethanol have been exposed to this chemical. People who work in spray-painting operations, chemical production facilities, automobile repair shops, automobile manufacturing facilities, construction sites, and areas that have recently been remodeled using products that contain 2-butoxyethanol may also be exposed to this compound.
You are most likely to be exposed to 2-butoxyethanol acetate by inhaling the vapors and by skin contact with liquid and vapors. Industrial exposures are most likely through inhalation of vapors, although excessive contact with eyes and skin may also occur. 2-Butoxyethanol acetate is used as a solvent in latex paints, lacquers, epoxy resins, thinners, inks, stains, and varnishes, and in ink and spot removers. People who use these products at work or at home can be exposed by inhaling the vapors or by skin or eye contact. Exposure only occurs while these products are being used or while they are drying.
How can 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate enter and leave my body?
2-Butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate can enter your body through your lungs when you breathe them. They can also enter your body through your stomach and intestines when you eat food or drink water that contains either one. They can enter your body through skin contact with liquid products such as paints, varnishes, ink and spot removers, and household cleaners. If your skin comes in contact with vapors of these compounds in the air, some can also enter your body through your skin. The amount of vapor that enters through your skin is much less than the amount that enters through your lungs, especially if most of your skin is covered by clothing.
When you are exposed to high levels of 2-butoxyethanol or 2-butoxyethanol acetate in air, some of the compound you breathe in leaves your body when you breathe out. The remainder passes through the lining of your lungs and enters your bloodstream. Both can also enter your bloodstream from your intestines if you swallow them. They can enter your bloodstream through your skin if your skin comes into contact with cleaning products containing them or with the vapors in the air. The amount of vapor that enters through your skin is much less than the amount that enters through your lungs, especially if most of your skin is covered by clothing. Once in your bloodstream, 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate travel through your body to many organs and tissues, but they don't stay there very long. 2-Butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate are converted to products, called metabolites, in the liver. Scientists think that some of the effects of exposure to these chemicals are caused by metabolites. Most of the metabolites of 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate leave the body in the urine within 24–48 hours after exposure. Smaller amounts of metabolites leave the body in exhaled air and in the feces.
How can 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate affect my health?
After exposure to 2-butoxyethanol or 2-butoxyethanol acetate, several factors determine whether harmful health effects will occur and, if they do, what the type and severity of these health effects might be. These factors include the amount of 2-butoxyethanol or 2-butoxyethanol acetate to which you are exposed and the length of time of the exposure. Other factors that must be considered include the other chemicals you're exposed to and your age, sex, diet, family traits, lifestyle, and state of health.
Some information about potential effects on people comes from an experiment in which men and women were exposed continuously to about 100 ppm or more of 2-butoxyethanol vapors in air for 4 or 8 hours. This level is twice as high as the occupational standard for 2-butoxyethanol. Some of these people reported irritation of the nose and eyes, headache, a metallic taste, or vomiting. None of these people had effects on blood pressure or pulse. In another experiment, people were exposed to 20 ppm of 2-butoxyethanol vapors in air for 2 hours. Lung tests (pulmonary function) and heart tests (heart rate and electrocardiogram) showed no harmful effects for any of these people. Exposure to these solvents in the workplace involves both breathing in of vapors and skin contact with the liquids and vapors. Workers are usually exposed to much higher levels than the levels normally encountered by the general population.
Some information on harmful effects also comes from case reports of people who swallowed large amounts of cleaning agents containing 2-butoxyethanol. These harmful effects included breathing problems, low blood pressure, lowered levels of hemoglobin (the substance in the blood that carries oxygen to organs of the body), blood in the urine, and metabolic acidosis (high levels of acid in the body). The lowered levels of hemoglobin and blood in the urine indicate effects related to hemolysis, which involves destruction of red blood cells that results in the release of hemoglobin. Some of these people fell into a coma but recovered after successful treatment in hospitals. People should keep household products containing 2-butoxyethanol out of the reach of children.
There are no data on whether 2-butoxyethanol or 2-butoxyethanol acetate cause reproductive effects, birth defects, or cancer in people.
To protect the public from the harmful effects of toxic chemicals and to find ways to treat people who have been harmed, scientists use many tests.
One way to see if a chemical will hurt people is to learn how the chemical is absorbed, used, and released by the body; for some chemicals, animal testing may be necessary. Animal testing may also be used to identify health effects such as cancer or birth defects. Without laboratory animals, scientists would lose a basic method to get information needed to make wise decisions to protect public health. Scientists have the responsibility to treat research animals with care and compassion. Laws today protect the welfare of research animals, and scientists must comply with strict animal care guidelines.
Other information on the harmful effects of 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate comes from animal testing. The harmful effect most often reported in animals exposed to 2-butoxyethanol is destruction of red blood cells that results in the release of hemoglobin, which is known as hemolysis. Effects related to hemolysis include increased hemoglobin levels in the urine, blood in the urine, and the build-up of hemoglobin and destroyed red blood cells in organs such as the kidney, spleen, and liver. These effects have been found in monkeys, rats, mice, rabbits, and dogs after exposure to high levels of 2-butoxyethanol in air for short and intermediate periods. These effects have also been found in rats and mice that swallowed high doses of 2-butoxyethanol for short and intermediate periods, and in rats and rabbits with skin contact for short periods. 2-Butoxyethanol acetate also caused these effects in rats or rabbits that breathed, swallowed, or had skin contact with 2-butoxyethanol acetate. Some studies showed that the red blood cells of animals (rats, rabbits, and baboons) are much more likely to be destroyed than the red blood cells of people after exposure to 2-butoxyethanol.
Other harmful effects of 2-butoxyethanol have been seen in animals. Breathing problems occurred in rats and mice that breathed or swallowed large amounts of 2-butoxyethanol for short periods. Bloody or reddened stomach or intestines, probably related to hemolysis, were seen in rats that swallowed very high doses of 2-butoxyethanol and in rabbits that had skin contact with very large amounts. Harmful effects on the liver and kidney were seen in some animals and may be related to hemolysis. 2-Butoxyethanol is also irritating to the skin and eyes of animals, as it is in people.
2-Butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate do not seem to have effects on the immune system of animals. Like many solvents, 2-butoxyethanol causes nervous system effects in animals. Some rats, dogs, and rabbits developed physical weakness and unsteadiness after exposure to very high levels of 2-butoxyethanol in air for short periods. Some rats and mice also became sluggish, drowsy, or prostrate after swallowing very large doses of 2-butoxyethanol for short periods. Some rabbits also became inactive or prostrate, had abnormal eye movement, or had convulsions after skin contact with very large amounts of 2-butoxyethanol.
2-Butoxyethanol can cause reproductive effects and birth defects in animals. Some female rats and rabbits that breathed in large amounts of 2-butoxyethanol while they were pregnant delivered fewer offspring than pregnant rats or rabbits that were not exposed. Some of the offspring had underdeveloped bones. Other reproductive effects and birth defects in animals have only been observed at doses that were toxic to the adult animals. Some female rats had changes in their estrous cycles after drinking water containing 2-butoxyethanol for moderate periods of time. Some female rats and mice had vaginal bleeding and fewer offspring after swallowing large doses of 2-butoxyethanol while they were pregnant. Some of the offspring of pregnant mice that swallowed very large doses had cleft palates. Some offspring of pregnant mice that swallowed large doses of 2-butoxyethanol also weighed less.
2-Butoxyethanol does not seem to cause mutations. No studies were found that tested either 2-butoxyethanol or 2-butoxyethanol acetate for causing cancer in animals.
Is there a medical test to determine whether I have been exposed to 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate?
Some tests can show whether you have been exposed to 2-butoxyethanol or 2-butoxyethanol acetate. 2-Butoxyethanol (from 2-butoxyethanol or 2-butoxyethanol acetate exposure) can be measured in blood and urine. In the body, both are converted to products called metabolites, such as 2-butoxyacetic acid. Certain metabolites of 2-butoxyethanol (2-butoxyacetic acid and others) can be measured in the urine. These tests will not necessarily be able to tell how much you have been exposed to. These tests need to be done within a day after exposure because 2-butoxyethanol and its metabolites leave your body within 24–48 hours. Certain blood tests can determine if your red blood cells are damaged, but this effect is not specific for 2-butoxyethanol. Some of these tests may be available at your doctor's office, or your doctor can send blood or urine samples to laboratories that specialize in performing these tests. If workers are exposed to concentrations of 5 ppm or above, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends that the level of 2-butoxyacetic acid in the urine be measured.
What recommendations has the federal government made to protect human health?
The federal government develops regulations and recommendations to protect public health. Regulations can be enforced by law. Federal agencies that develop regulations for toxic substances include the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Recommendations provide valuable guidelines to protect public health but cannot be enforced by law. Federal organizations that develop recommendations for toxic substances include the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
Regulations and recommendations can be expressed in not-to-exceed levels in air, water, soil, or food that are usually based on levels that affect animals; then they are adjusted to help protect people. Sometimes these not-to-exceed levels differ among federal organizations because of different exposure times (an 8-hour workday or a 24-hour day), the use of different animal studies, or other factors.
Recommendations and regulations are also periodically updated as more information becomes available. For the most current information, check with the federal agency or organization that provides it. Some regulations and recommendations for 2-butoxyethanol include the following:
OSHA requires employers of workers who are occupationally exposed to 2-butoxyethanol to institute engineering controls and work practices to reduce and maintain employee exposure at or below the permissible exposure limit (PEL). The PEL for 2-butoxyethanol is 50 ppm. This regulation means that the workroom air should not contain no more than an average of 50 ppm of 2-butoxyethanol over an 8-hour working shift of a 40-hour work week. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has recommended an average concentration limit value of 25 ppm for occupational exposure (8-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek) to 2-butoxyethanol. The recommended exposure limit (REL) for occupational exposure by NIOSH is 5 ppm for both 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate. This recommendation means that the workroom air should contain no more than an average of 5 ppm of 2-butoxyethanol or 2-butoxyethanol acetate for up to a 10-hour working shift of a 40 hour workweek. OSHA recommends that workers who may be exposed to 2-butoxyethanol should wear personal protective equipment such as gloves, coveralls, and goggles to protect against exposure to the skin and eyes.
Both 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate are regulated under the Clean Air Act, including the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants.
Where can I get more information?
If you have any more questions or concerns, please contact your community or state health or environmental quality department or:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Division of Toxicology
1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32
Atlanta, GA 30333
Information line and technical assistance:
Phone: 888-422-8737
ATSDR can also tell you the location of occupational and environmental health clinics. These clinics specialize in recognizing, evaluating, and treating illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances.
To order toxicological profiles, contact:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
Phone: 800-553-6847 or 703-605-6000
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 1998. Toxicological Profile for 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
Editor's Notes
- The Encyclopedia of Earth article "Animal testing alternatives" supplements this entry.
- Hyperlinks were created by the Encyclopedia of Earth, not by the Content Source.
CitationRegistry, A., & Health, N. (2013). Public Health Statement for 2-Butoxyethanol and 2-Butoxyethanol Acetate. Retrieved from http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/51cbeeb27896bb431f699afe
1 Comment
George Tischner wrote: 07-08-2011 02:48:10
I was exposed to #2 Butoxyethanol back in 2005 while using a floor stripper, while doing custodial work. During the entire time I was not provided PPE from my employer, nor was I told of the adverse affects by my supervisor who had no contact with the chemical all day. I was not told about the possible hazards that may come from being exposed to this chemical for time period of 10 hours that day. I did not have, nor was I offered the proper PPE equipment for handling this chemical the proper way. I was also not informed by my supervisor what hazards could possibly come from direct exposure. For the entire time I was exposed to this chemical. It had came in 5 gallon buckets that were then mixed with water to reduce it. Then it was mopped onto the floor to cut the top layer of the newly installed industrial floor to prepare it for applying wax. Again as I stated before I was exposed for 10 hours in a poorly venitaled area in the basement of this facility to do this work. So I not only was handling this product without proper gloves , but no protective clothing or eye protection. This was done on a Saturday due to the lack of traffic to the area. By Thursday after that weekend I was feeling like I had the Flu when I had walked into work that day. I was actually told by most of the people that I incounter that morning that I looked horribly sick and I should think about going home. I was the Only custodian there until the supervisor was to arrive within an hour or so. Even though I was feeling horrible I decided to do some work to make the time go by quicker till the supervisor arrived. I had moved some boxes on my shoulder and within a half hour I developed large bruises and petechae on my arms. Over the coarse of the next three hours I was becoming terribly sick, kinda like I had flu symtoms. I had a bad headache, my lower back where my kidneys are was hurting. I was also becomeing very confused. By the time I got to the Dr I was urinating blood and it was the color of Cok a cola. My Dr insisted that I run home grab some stuff for what was supposed to be a short stay at the hospital due to all the testing that had to be done. At this point it was approx 4pm and I had finally been admitted to the hospital. I would say by 8pm I was unaware of what was happening due to the blood clots forming in my kidneys,liver and my brain. By 10pm I was jauntice and as yellow as a school bus according to my girlfriend. I remember very little at that point. But I was brought up to the cancer ward where blood tests were done. It was not until the next morning I met with an Onocologist who had informed everyone including me that I had a rare Blood disorder called TTP (Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic pupura). I was then the next morning placed in ICU for the next four days until they felt that I was secure enough to return back to the cancer ward. I know for a fact after reading the MSDS about his particular chemical that the episode with this life threatening blood disorder that because of my exposure to this chemical without the proper PPE was the reason why I almost died. I ended up being in the hospital for two weeks. And then an additional three months in total recieveing a treatment called Plasma Pheresys. I recieved approx 1000 units of donor Plasma which was put through a dialasys machine to take out the entire contents of my own plasma and the fresh frozen plasma was then pushed into my body. The treatment can only considered like running a marathon while laying down, and freezing because of the plasma being like a slushy from 7-11. I the endured 8 round of chemo therapy type drug called Rituxamab to obtain remission. This chemical is a nasty product and it has to much involvement in to many things that everyone uses on daily basis, but in a much more diluted form. I have now been in remission since 2005. But because of what my body went through, coming very close to death and complete renal failure. I am verry lucky to be alive. But my life has also changed drastically. I now suffer from fibro Myalgia, Fatigue and my stamina is not what it used to be. It has completely changed my life. I would like to inform anyone dealing with this particular chemical or any chemical that you educate yourself before handling anything. You will have to excuse my mistakes in this post mainly because my memory is not it usd to be either. Please alwasy be very careful with dealing with the Chemical #2 Butoxyethanol. It has the ability to kill you and not many Dr's today know what TTP is and unless they know what they are looking for. I'd like to say Thank you to this website for giving me the ability to give a testamony about what this chemical can do, and may very well be doing to anyone and everyone that comes into contact with it that does not use the proper PPE. Thank you.