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Ash's Gliscor
this wiki
Ash's Gliscor was one of the Pokémons that Ash caught in Sinnoh.
Gliscor was caught as a Gligar that was afraid of heights and couldn't fly very well. Gligar was used to battle Paul's Gliscor but was no match for its evolved form and Gliscor knocked it out with Guillotine. Gary suggested to evolve Gligar with a Razor Fang into Gliscor so it can overcome these fears. Ash's Gligar eventually evolved into Gliscor and saved Ash at a canyon.
Gliscor wanted to be in the action too, but Ash said no and learned Fire Fang in the same episode. Ash used Gliscor in the Canalave Gym, where it won against Byron's Bastiodon and in the Snowpoint Gym, where it lost to Candice's Snover. Ash also used Gliscor to battle Paul's Torterra. It nearly defeated Paul's starter Pokémon, but lost to its Frenzy Plant.
Ash used Gliscor to battle the air master's Scizor and learned Giga Impact and stayed there to train with the air master. Gliscor was seen again, but was replaced by Gible. Ash summoned Gliscor from McCann in order to battle Paul in the Sinnoh league. Gliscor had perfected Giga Impact and while training with McCann, it learned Stone Edge. During Ash's battle with Paul, Gliscor battled Ninjask but was unable to overcome Ninjask's speed and was recalled after Ninjask knocked it into the ground, causing it to become poisoned by the Toxic Spikes that was used by Paul's Drapion. Gliscor later battled Drapion and burned it using Fire Fang defeating the Ogre Scorp pokemon. However due to its exhaustion and the fact that it had been affected by Toxic Spikes, Gliscor was defeated by Paul's Electivire.
It is assumed to be at Professor Oak's Laboratory. However it is also possible that it may have returned to McCann for more training. It will reappear along with all of Ash's Pokemon in an upcoming episode of Best Wishes Season 2.
Known moves
|X-Scissor +
|The Bells are Singing!
|Sand Attack
|The Bells are Singing!
|Steel Wing
|The Bells are Singing!
|A Breed Stampede!
|Fire Fang +
|A Breed Stampede!
|Giga Impact +
|Mastering Current Events!
|Stone Edge +
|A Real Rival Rouser!
|+ indicates this Pokémon used this move recently.*
- indicates this Pokémon normally can't use this move.


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The first trial is over in the case of a brutal rape where five men were initially arrested.
The jury found Yasir Jasim guilty of false reporting and not guilty of three counts of accessory.
The rape happened last summer in Colorado Springs at one of these apartments.
Police say the victim broke up a fight, then ended up going into the apartment of one of the men.
The woman says the last thing she remembers is drinking what she thought was lemonade.
The next morning she knew she had been raped. The whole story can be found here.
There are still three more trials in this case. We'll let you know what happens.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Vol State Director Completes TBR Fellowship
Submitted on September 14, 2012 at 3:23 PM
Dr. Kenny Yarbrough of Volunteer State Community College has completed a prestigious Fellowship with the Tennessee Board of Regents (TBR). The Maxine Smith Fellowship seeks to increase the academic and professional credentials of the Fellows by allowing them to observe and participate in decision-making situations at TBR. Each Fellow works on a project as part of the program. Dr. Yarbrough's project was titled: "Crisis Combatted: Barrier Removing Strategies in the Online Learning Environment for Underrepresented Minority Students." The report will be published online with the other Maxine Fellowship projects. Yarbrough is the Director of Student Life and Diversity Initiatives at Vol State.
A service provided by the Office of Public Relations.


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Log in
The Grey is about a plane crash in the Alaska wilderness and the survivors being hunted by wolves. Ottway (Liam) is hired to protect the pipeline guys. They show him shoot a wolf right in the beginning of the movie, thus establishing him as a good shot with a rifle and their defender. I thought The Grey was going to be all about Liam Neeson protecting the survivors of the plane crash and indeed it was but no gun. I guess if he had a gun it would have been too easy. The movie starts out showing the men working on the pipeline, Ottway shoots the wolf then we are in their bar at the base camp and we get sort of introduced to the characters. Then it's off to the plane and pretty much right away the plane crashes and the movie gets going with its major thrust of surviving the wolves. I mean the movie is called The Grey. Liam organizes the remaining men, a wolf attacks, Liam tells all the men about wolves and that they will hunt in a certain radius of their den etc. thus setting up the rest of the movie. These wolves are HUGE, more the size of a black bear and they are very organized. There is a scene where the men are sitting around the fire and they hear the noise of two wolves in the trees. They say what was that? Liam tells them that was the Alpha male putting down the challenger. Then Diaz, one of the men around the fire, challenges Liam. Why are you in charge? Diaz pulls a knife and wants to fight. Liam, of course, stomps on a fire log, disorients Diaz and beats him. So just like the alpha wolf putting down the challenger so does our human male. Another time they are all around the camp fire and all the wolves start howling. Apparently it sounded real enough that my little puppy perked up and listened and started growling at the television. In a touching moving emotional part of the movie they are all telling stories and Liam recites a poem his dad wrote: "Once more into the Fray. In to the last good fight I'll ever know. Live and die on this day. Live and die on this day" Which reflected what was happening, each day the wolves attacked and killed another survivor. This is a good movie to watch when the snow is blowing and it is cold outside.
Posted by Gary Green at 02/20/2013 02:22:06 PM


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Another update.
Decided to change some stuff, the trees, the texture, and also added region colors, what you guys think?
Also here is the some part of the rules so you guys can understand what the game is about.
Find the treasure hidden by the player at your right. The first player to find the treasure wins.
4 tokens for the players
80 coin tokens
1 board
4 paper mini-boards
X Location Cards
25 Event Cards
1 Dice
Game Start:
The games starts by each player choosing a spot to hide the treasure from the player at your left. You can mark your choosen spot at the mini-board, through a circle, or other draw that represent where you hide it.
Each player starts with 10 gold, 1 paper mini-board and 1 Player Token. Everyone starts at the city of Lohan, and must travel through the region searching for clues about the hidden treasure.
Player´s Turn:
The player then decide who goes first. At the beginning of each player turn, he can moves one spot in any direction, and then roll a dice.
If the result is one or two, nothing happens.
If the result is three, the player can moves one additional space.
If the result is four or five, the player receives an event card.
If the result is six, the player receives on Location Card.
After the result of the dice, and the following action, the playe than passes his turn to the player to his right.
Event Card:
When a player receives an event card, through the dice roll, or locations in the board, it must follow the action from the card it receives (i.e. Receive 20 gold)
(more to come...)
### Latest WIP ###


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1-800-369-4669 | Live Chat | Contact Us
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Pregame is a great time for promoting your brand. From grills to barbecue tools and coolers to insulated jugs and more you'll be ready to grab attention in the stadium parking lot. Pass out logoed chairs and stadium seats to keep your customers comfy. A little rain won't stop loyal fans, especially when you hand out logoed ponchos and raingear in team colors.
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Torchlight 2
Torchlight 2 - New Heroes Will Arise Cinematic
The cinematic was produced in collaboration with the wonderful people at Klei Entertainment.
Torchlight 2 - Papillon Pet Reveal
The papillon pet in Torchlight II is a digital recreation of our office mascot, Falcor the dog!
Torchlight 2 - Berserker Frenzy Preview
As the Berserker attacks her enemies, she gradually gains charge. When the charge limit is reached, the Berserker goes into a Frenzy state, where all attacks result in Critical Hits.
Torchlight II - E3 2011 Armor Feature Trailer
Check out the new Torchlight II Armor Feature from E3 2011.
Torchlight 2 Gamescom Trailer
Runic Games has released a new trailer for Torchlight 2. This Gamescon trailer features over a minute and a half of gameplay footage and information on what the developers did to make the game better.


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May 6, 2016
Two people were thrown from the back of a pickup when it was hit by a car Friday on East 10th Street/ Hwy 33 at Portertown Road about 5:45 p.m. Police say a red Pontiac Firebird hit the truck when the truck made a left turn in front of the car.
Police say the 2 people in the back of the silver Dodge pickup had minor injuries. They and one other person were taken to Vidant Medical Center with minor injuries.
Traffic was detoured through the Food Lion parking lot for about an hour.
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Tapatalk - Forums & Interests
by Tapatalk Inc.
Download this app if: you want to access your favorite forums on the go.
Developer Notes
Tapatalk connects you to people who share your own passions and interests. Millions of members are online now, sharing their expert opinions with others who can truly appreciate them. Tapatalk is different from traditional social media--the people you meet will be as excited by your hobby as you...
Great forum app — I love this app. It works on thousands of sites and I use it for all my favorite android blogs and tech blogs. I would really really miss it. I don't know how advanced some people are with their forum posting but it supports signatures. It has a great UI that I really enjoy using. It keeps track...


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Wire Fabric Drapery
Posted by Cynthia | Filed under Musings
Looking for something a little different when it comes to window covering? A bit more modern and dramatic perhaps? Woven metal fabrics have long been used commercially, but are also great for the home. They offer versatility, unique texture, and durability and come in a range of colors. Textures vary depending on the size of the weave and material choice. Think of the possibilities. From glare control for a large window, to a room divider, offering flexibility to create intimate or generous gathering space. Or how about a shower curtain? Wonderfully unexpected and maintenance free.
Images and excerpt sourced here.
Tags: architecture, industrial interiors, interior design, metal textiles, Modernism, room divider, shower curtain, wire fabric, woven metal drapery


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31 U.S. Code § 103 - United States
prev | next
In this title, "United States", when used in a geographic sense, means the States of the United States and the District of Columbia.
Source(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 877.)
|Revised Section
|Source (U.S. Code)
|Source (Statutes at Large)
|(no source).
The section is included to avoid the necessity for defining "United States" each time it is used in the revised title.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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Views: 10
Hmmm..... yarn stash?
sounds like a plan to me. I've actually had some luck lately in USING my stash..I guess that's why I was hoarding it all? Can't wait til Spring when I can get to more flea markets and buy more..lol.
You really did hit the jackpot with it. Was that last summer or last year? I can't remember.
I actually have gotten quite a bit in the past year and a half. I There's a lot I haven't shared with the calss-so to speak, here's an example--
the man gave us the whole suitcase for 5$. He had already gotten rid of 3 more before we got there..missed the boat on that one!
I just seem to be in the right place at the right time. I have passed some up--to the confusion of my DH. Sometimes it's just junky..the texture is too rough for me, or I just don't need any more white for heaven's sake lol.
I'd love to be able to travel around to widen my chances. I have heard of a huge yard sale that extends through the southern states..anyone heard of it?
Well, I'm not sure, but there is a huge one in Texas. There are several in the same area all about the same time of year. The biggest one is the Marburger Farm Antique Show, but I've never seen yarn there. And there are a couple of places to stop on the way there or the way back. Although the pictures on the link make it look very hoity toity, there are still lots of dealers there that have just everyday junk. So something like a suitcase full of yarn could be found. There are typically more than 350 dealers. This is well publicized. People travel from all over the country to come to this event.
PS: I think you got a great deal there!
I found it Cheryl--the world's longest yard sale..could be fun!
doesn't it? and not just for the sales..the trip would just be neat..
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2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Road Test and Review
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Review: Introduction
Aside from the occasional horsepower or towing capacity battles, there often isn't a lot of new news to write about in the pickup truck segment. Enter the Ford F-150. With a completely new line-up of engines in 2011, the Ford F-150 gained a lot of attention, but it was the turbocharged EcoBoost engine that was the most interesting. As a matter of fact, this engine made such an impact on the truck market that the Ford F-150 EcoBoost was named the Autobytel 2012 Truck of the Year. Following this announcement, we had the chance to the put some serious miles on a 2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost over a two-week period to see how the truck measured up in terms of everyday driveability, comfort, towing and hauling and, of course, fuel economy.
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Road Test and Review
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Review: Pricing and Trim Levels
Our test vehicle was built at Ford's Dearborn Truck Plant in Dearborn, Mich., but the 2012 Ford F-150 is also built at the Kansas City Assembly Plant in Claycomo, Mo. With four engines, 10 trim levels, three bed lengths, three cab configurations and the option of two- or four-wheel drive, the 2012 Ford F-150 can be tailored to meet just about any demand. Although the 2012 F-150 has a starting price of $22,990, the truck used for this review was a Lariat SuperCrew 4x2 with EcoBoost which raised the starting price up $39,475. After tallying up all of the options, this F-150 had an as-tested price of $47,350 which surprisingly isn't that high of a price for a light-duty truck these days. With all of the luxury and technology added into this truck, we're sure truck buyers - and Ford alike - aren't really missing the slow-selling Lincoln pickups.
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Road Test and Review
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Review: Competition
When it comes to full-size pickup trucks, the 2012 Ford F-150 goes up against the usual suspects that include the RAM 1500, Chevrolet Silverado, Nissan Titan, GMC Sierra, Toyota Tundra. Like some of these trucks, the F-150 comes with a V-6 engine in base form, but the optional EcoBoost engine gives the Ford an edge over its competition with a mix of strength and efficiency - a unique blend that is sure to resonate with those putting their trucks to work. It is innovations like the EcoBoost engine that has made the Ford F-Series so popular, and with a model range that includes the F-150 and the F-250, F-350 and F-450 Super Duty models, the F-Series pickup sold 584,917 units in 2011 (an increase of 10.7 percent over 2010) making it the best-selling vehicle for 30th straight year and the best-selling truck for the last 35 years.
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Road Test and Review
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Review: Exterior
From a design standpoint, all modern full-size trucks are much more styling than the trucks from just 10 years ago, but the 2012 Ford F-150 is about the middle of the pack with the Ram 1500 and Toyota Tundra being two of the better lookers. Still, what the F-150 lacks in flashiness, it more than makes up for with a muscular stance thanks to a squared-off front end, bulging wheel arches and the massive vertical grille. Speaking of the grille, each of the F-150's 10 trim levels is distinguishable by a different grille design or finish with the Lariat model getting a large mix of chrome and mesh for its centerpiece. Our particular truck came in a $495 White Platinum Metallic Tri-Coat exterior color and added a $250 two-tone paint scheme featuring a Pale Adobe (beige) accent surrounding the lower edges of the body, and the truck's upscale look was finished off with the $1,495 Lariat Chrome Package option which added a set of 18-inch, seven-spoke chrome wheels and chrome side steps. This truck also came with the shorter 5.5-foot cargo bed, which cost an extra $300 more than a standard 6-foot bed, and inside the bed was a $250 two-piece bed extender to finish off the exterior add-ons.
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Road Test and Review
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Review: Interior
Even without the best-in-class EcoBoost engine, the 2012 Ford F-150 still has plenty to write home about including an interior that dominates the competition. This SuperCrew Lariat had a luxurious interior fitted with optional leather seats and accented with light wood trim, but the best place to be was actually the back seat where this truck felt more like a Lincoln Town Car than a tough and rugged pickup; to put it into context, the F-150 SuperCrew has almost as much rear legroom than an extended-wheelbase Town Car! The split rear seat folds (and locks) up out of the way creating a wide, flat load surface that can hold large, bulky cargo you wouldn't want rattling around in the bed of the truck like a flat-screen television. To add even more luxury to our test vehicle, this F-150 also had the five-passenger seating configuration which replaced the front bench seat with bucket seats and a wide center console. This layout offers a deep, lockable center storage area and replaces the truck-like column-mounted shifter with a center console shifter. One of the best features inside the F-150 Lariat is the 4.5-inch LCD message center located in the gauge cluster. This screen can display various information such as trip, fuel economy and distance to empty, but some of the more innovate screens include steering wheel angle, towing information and an inclinometer showing vehicle angle (front to back and side to side). Like most current Ford products, this F-150 was equipped with Sync for phone and audio connectivity and even turn-by-turn directions at the push of a button.
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Road Test and Review
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Review: Interior Packages and Options
The Lariat trim level of the 2012 Ford F-150 has plenty of luxury, but our test truck still added a bunch of optional features and packages to make the F-150 comfortable in all situations whether it is being driven on a long-distance road trip or heading over to the job site. This truck came with a $995 power moonroof, $975 leather bucket seats with heated and cooled front buckets and the $950 Lariat Plus Package adding remote start, reverse sensing system and a backup camera; the biggest option was the $2,495 Sony navigation radio package. With the large navigation display screen and the backup camera, the F-150 also offers a unique zoom feature for the rear camera allowing the driver to get a close-up look of what's behind the truck primarily to aid those who trailer frequently. This camera is so useful that it should make hooking up to a trailer a simple task even for rookies.
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Road Test and Review
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Review: Powertrain and Fuel Economy
Ford says that by 2013, 90 percent of its global vehicles will offer an EcoBoost engine, and the V-6 version of this engine can be equipped in seven of the 10 2012 Ford F-150 models (with the STX, SVT Raptor and Harley-Davidson trim level excluded). On all other models, this 3.5-liter twin-turbocharged, direct-injected EcoBoost V-6 is offered as an option with prices ranging from $895 up to almost $6,000 depending on the specific configuration. Although the 3.5-liter EcoBoost is shared with the Ford Flex and Ford Taurus SHO (to name a couple), this version is tuned to maximize towing abilities with 365 horsepower and 434 lb-ft of torque with 90 percent of that torque being available between 1,700 rpm and 5,000 rpm. With that much torque available at such a low rpm, the F-150 EcoBoost makes easy work out of hauling just about anything with its best-in-class 11,300-pound towing capacity. Better yet, it can do all this without giving up fuel economy with the EPA giving it estimates of 16 miles per gallon in the city, 22 mpg on the highway and a rating of 18 mpg in combined driving. All models use a six-speed automatic transmission, but this Lariat comes with the SelectShift transmission that not only offers a manual shift mode but the driver can also set a max top gear (meaning that the six-speed can drop down to a two-speed) which really helps in some towing conditions.
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Road Test and Review
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Review: Driving Impressions
During our time with the 2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost, we were able to put about 1,500 miles on the truck, and while trucks are no longer a smart buy for those that don't really need a pickup, those with hauling and towing needs will be very impressed. Unloaded, the F-150 felt very smooth on the road with a noticeable lack of bounce over rough roads or freeway expansion joints, but throw some weight in the cargo bed, and this truck feels even smoother. Add in the electric power assist steering (EPAS) that is standard on all non-6.2L models, and this 5,287-pound truck - measuring in at just under 20 feet long - feels like a much smaller car when it comes to tight maneuvering whether that be parallel parking or backing up a trailer. Speaking of parallel parking, of all the EPAS-equipped Ford vehicles running around with Active Park Assist, adding this innovative feature to the F-150 would have been a great way to stand out.
While we managed to get about average fuel economy for a pickup truck during our interstate drive, one area of note for prospective F-150 EcoBoost is that if you don't need the large tow mirrors, try to avoid the Max Trailer Tow Package. This $565 option does add the integrated trailer brake controller, but the large mirrors also reduce fuel economy substantially. For most of the drive, we averaged just under 19 mpg (which is far below the EPA-rated 22 mpg), but during a 60-mile test run with the mirrors folded in, the F-150 was hitting right at 22 mpg even at speeds over 70 miles per hour.
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Road Test and Review
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Review: Safety
The 2012 Ford F-150 SuperCrew 4x2 received a four-star overall crash rating from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) which includes a three-star frontal rating, five-star side-impact rating and a four-star rollover rating. Likewise, this same body style of the F-150 was also named a 2012 Top Safety Pick by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) for its top crash ratings. standard safety features in all 2012 Ford F-150 models include six airbags, four-wheel anti-lock disc brake system, traction control, AdvanceTrac with Roll Stability Control (RSC), trailer sway control and tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS).
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Road Test and Review
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Review: Final Thoughts
It's hard to go wrong with any of the engine options available in the 2012 Ford F-150, but if you're looking to maximize towing abilities without sacrificing fuel economy, than the EcoBoost model is definitely the way to go. Even as rising gasoline prices have pushed some of the more casual truck buyers out of the market, the F-150 EcoBoost is still able to meet the more demanding needs of those who will use it as a work truck while keeping it a smooth and comfortable everyday vehicle. In addition to this powerful engine, the 2012 Ford F-150 also offers plenty of innovative features that make truck ownership even easier such as the integrated tailgate step and the Ford Work Solutions system. For buyers wanting a loud V-8 rumble to emanate from the back of the F-150, there are two proven V-8s from which to choose, but the addition of the EcoBoost engine brings the F-150 into the 21st Century where fuel economy reigns supreme without giving up any of the required brute force.
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Road Test and Review
2012 Ford F-150 EcoBoost Review: Pros and Cons
- V-8 power and towing with V-6 fuel economy
- spacious and luxurious amenities on Lariat SuperCrew model
- plenty of innovative technologies make the F-150 the best pickup on the market
- optional tow mirrors hinder fuel economy
- exterior styling trails Ram and Toyota
- with so many build configurations, potential owners might be overwhelmed
Ford provided the vehicle for this review
Photos by Jeffrey N. Ross


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|This article is written from a
Real World perspective.
The following are references and parodies of TRON in television.
The Simpsons
Treehouse of Horror VI (Season 7, Episode 6)
In the story segment, Homer³, Homer accidentally enters into an eerie third dimension (represented by 3D computer graphics). When Homer tried to explain his surroundings to everyone in his is living room, he says, "Uh... it's like... did anyone see the movie 'TRON?" to which everyone replies, "No", except for Chief Wiggum who at first says yes but changes his answer to no.
Family Guy
A Hero Sits Next Door (Season 1, Episode 5)
When Peter faces the possibility of being fired, he has a flashback of his previous job as a Calvin Klein model. In the flashback, various models are heard thinking such things as, "I don't want to be different, but I don't want to be the same." As the camera pans to Peter, he thinks to himself, "What was the name of the bad guy from TRON? Aww, this is gonna drive me nuts."
One if by Clam, Two if by Sea (Season 3, Episode 4)
In yet another flashback, Peter is seen reenacting the light cycle sequence. One of the opponents that Peter is racing against, Eric, is actually a high-school friend of his. As they exchange greetings while driving, Eric says to Peter, "Hey, is that Stacy Beachum?" Peter looks behind to see that the high-school hottie is not there and crashes into Eric's. This was produced by Area51 the visual effects artists are Don McCoy (http://www.youtube.com/user/DonLMcCoyDemo) and Glenn Campbelljetwall.
Robot Chicken
Dexter's Laboratory
Game Over (Season 1, Episode 7)This episode of Dexter's Laboratory is essentially a parody/tribute to TRON. Every time Dexter plays a video game with his sister, Dee Dee, he always loses, despite his superior intellect. To make things worse, Dexter's dad buys him an old video game cartridge called "Master Computer" (that he bought from a gypsy for a nickel). When Dee Dee sees the game, she provokes Dexter to challenge her at the game. Dexter loses and kicks Dee Dee out of his secret laboratory. When Dexter tries to pull out the cartridge out of his state-of-the-art computer, the game comes alive in the form not unlike the MCP and begins to take over Dexter's computer with a virus.With the Master Computer game loaded in Dexter's computer, he tells Dexter his plans on taking over the world. Dexter runs towards the emergency shut off switch, but Master Computer digitizes Dexter with one of his laboratory lasers. Dexter, now inside his computer tries to destroy Master Computer, but to no avail - even when using a beam cycle. After getting caught in a "grid spider's website", he regrettably gets Dee Dee to help him defeat the evil program. Dee Dee successfully derezzes Master Computer and saves Dexter's life and as she removes the cartridge, Dexter tells her to return him back to the real world. However, Dee Dee makes him play a game of "Primal Fighter" in the computer, where he is then senselessly beaten up by a giant ape.
Fairly OddParents
Power Mad (Season 1, Episode 2)
Timmy tells his Fairy Godparents that he wishes for the best video game ever and using a virtual reality plays the game inside the video game console, ala TRON. He even wears a TRON-inspired suit in the virtual world.
ChuckChuck Bartowski, the title character, has a TRON poster on his bedroom wall, suggesting that he is a fan of the cult classic.
The Daily Show with Jon Stewart
A 1983 sci-fi TV series, which mirror the main plot of TRON: a program "hologram" brings to real life to help his creator to fight against crime.
South Park
The Cartoon Network show Mad (based off of the magazine) features a segment called "Soul Tron," which is a blend of the original TRON and Soul Train. It features the setting and elements of TRON with a music-based aspects, such as Identity Disks instead being records.
Another Mad sketch, featuring a crossover between Winnie the Pooh and another Jeff Bridges movie, featured Kevin Flynn (identified only as "Jeff Bridges from TRON") and Clu 2 (identified only as "Young Jeff Bridges from TRON") teaming up as bounty hunters to capture Tigger. They also both utilized a fifth-generation Light Cycle.
Another Mad sketch, featuring a segment called "Minute to Flynn It," which is a blend of TRON: Legacy and Minute to Win It. It features Clu 2 challenging Sam to prove that he is the superior player on the grid with various mediocre challenges.
The Big Bang Theory
Sheldon Cooper sometimes wears a TRON T-Shirt.
Phineas and Ferb
In Where's Perry Part 1, when Doofenshmirtz is showing his "inators", one of them is called a "Derezz-inator".
Hocus Pocus
During the Halloween costume-party sequence in this 1993 film, a reveler in the crowd is seen wearing Ram's armor and helmet.


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Your girl will be thrilled to dress up as one of her favorite Disney characters and not have to be one of the many princesses that will surely be around this Halloween. The Minnie Mouse Girl's Toddler Costume includes a classic-looking dress that features a white and black top with a neat, pressed collar, a white sash around the waist, and a long red skirt with white polka dots. The order also comes with a headband that features Minnie Mouse's iconic round ears and red bow. This dress is plain and cute, which makes it one of the more unique outfits available because it's not overly done with ruffles and tons of other features. Your girl will be glad to wear a dress where the focus is more on her and not the outfit.
Our Price: $3.97
Our Price: $5.97
Our Price: $21.96
Our Price: $3.99


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Africa's future: driving forces
The development of scenarios is based on the identification and articulation of some underlying factors – the driving forces. Driving forces are elements that cause change to occur and their unfolding and interaction is responsible for the trends envisaged in each scenario. Some driving forces are not directly controllable and these have to be addressed in the scenario. Controlled forces are those that can be shaped and these form the basis for the recommendations and means of implementation prescribed in the scenarios. Driving forces are sufficiently strong to direct the course of growth of the society and change in environment. They set the initial course for development, and their impacts are potent enough to change the course of development. Therefore, they define departure points for the environmental issues that they influence. Their effects can be short and sharp, or long-lasting. Furthermore, driving forces operate at different scales of intensity and magnitude, reverse direction, appear or disappear as the case may be. The major driving forces defined for the Africa Environment Outlook 2 (AEO-2) are demographics, health, economics, social issues, culture, technology, governance, peace and conflict. (An overview of these is given in Chapter 1: The Human Dimension and the relationships between them is further developed in Interlinkages: environment and policy web in Africa). To these drivers we may add climate change and natural disasters. Depending on the environmental or development issues, some of the driving forces may take the form of pressures and/or responses. This section highlights how each of these may influence environment and development in Africa, and establishes their significance for the scenarios. The specific influence of the driving forces on selected issues is discussed subsequently under the four themes identified for AEO-2 scenario analysis (land, freshwater, atmosphere, and coastal and marine environments). The overall trends and implications of these drivers for the state of the environment are considered in Section 2: Environment State-and-Trends: 20-Year Retrospective. As the driving forces have not changed since the AEO-1 report this discussion draws extensively on that report.
(Source: UNEP 2005; data from UN population Division 2003)
Population remains a major factor for the growth of societies and a significant driving force for development and the future state of the environment. Changes in population numbers over time, demographic characteristics, including migration and urbanization patterns, health, and levels of skill are important considerations. Some of these characteristics are reflected in United Nations Development Programme's (UNDP) human development indices (HDI).
The population of the region continues to grow rapidly (see Figure 1), changing from 221 million in 1950 to about 786 million in 2000. At a rate of 2.1 percent annually, Africa is the world's fastest-growing region and it is expected to have a population of 1 300 million in 2025. This phenomenal rise in population is due to high fertility rates and improved health, as a result of, among other things, improved medical access. This growth will continue to exert pressure on the environment in many ways.
(Source: UNEP 2005; data from ILO 2005)
The population of Africa is characterized by a large number of persons in the dependency age cohort of 1 to 14 years, and this has multiple implications for ongoing population growth and the direction and pace of development. Although estimates vary, about 43 percent of the population is under the age of 15 and only 2.5 percent over 65. The 15-24 age group numbered 149 million in 1998, constituting about 20 percent of the total African population, and represents a workforce bulge; this can be the basis for more investment, greater labour productivity and rapid economic development (see Figure 2). However, youth unemployment is a major problem. At 21 percent in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and 22.8 percent in Northern Africa, the unemployment rate for youths aged 15-24 was twice that of the overall labour force in 2003. Therefore, if Africa does not generate more employment and opportunities, and invest in skills and capacity-building this group could place tremendous strain on the economy as well as environmental resources. Investment in human resources development is essential, and could help attract foreign direct investment (FDI).
Rapid population growth and changes in demographic characteristics put pressure on African countries to improve standards of living and to provide essential social, economic and environmental services. These factors also limit their capacity to deal with the problem of poverty. Further, in the absence of cooperation, rapid population growth rates may lead to political and social conflicts among different ethnic, religious and social groups over environmental resources. However, in the long run, population growth rates are expected to decline, for multiple reasons including the HIV/AIDS pandemic and the fact that African countries are addressing issues of population growth in a purposeful and concerted way. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), for example, population growth rate between 1975 and 2003 was 2.7 percent, and it is expected to slow to 2.2 percent for the period 2003-15.
As discussed in Africa Environment Outlook 2: Our Environment, Our Wealth (e-book) Chapter 1: The Human Dimension, Africa is also the fastest urbanizing region of the world. In 2000 the urban population of 318 million was only 38.2 percent of the total population, whereas, by 2025 the urban population is expected to have risen to 681 million, representing 50.67 percent of the total population. If the shift in spatial distribution of population is not carefully addressed, governments will see the multiplication of poorly-serviced informal urban settlements which are the cradle of crime and in which human vulnerabilities are accelerated by limited access to water and sanitation as well as other social services. This would also result in environmental problems like pollution due to inferior waste management.
Health is a major issue and a critical driving force. It is particularly important in a developing country context.
Since independence many African countries have made significant improvements in health care. This includes expanding access to primary health care, increased spending on the health sector and addressing socioeconomic inequities associated with access to quality health care systems. Across Africa, there were improvements in key health care indicators, such as infant mortality rates and life expectancy. Across SSA, the 1970s saw significant increases in life expectancy, from an average 44 years to more than 50 years. The period of the 1980s and 1990s, however, witnessed cutbacks in health budgets and privatization of health services. These policies exacerbated poverty and thus provided a fertile ground for the spread of infectious diseases and nutrition-related illnesses. Life expectancy was 50 in 1990 and dropped to 46 in 2002. The current health priorities will continue to influence decisions that impinge on the environment and overall economic development.
Health as a driving force has a direct relationship with environmental management and development. As demonstrated by the impact of HIV/AIDS and malaria, among other diseases, ill health has economic costs, and contributes to increasing poverty. The two most debilitating diseases in Africa, malaria and HIV/AIDS, remain major health concerns. HIV/AIDS affects the economically active population, consequently negatively affecting the potential to realize development and environmental management goals. Given the links between these sectors, as discussed in Chapter 1: The Human Dimension, investments in environmental management may help achieve the health-related targets of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
Economic drivers
(Source: ECA 2005)
Although Africa is richly endowed with natural and human resources, it remains relatively underdeveloped. Nevertheless, there are significant indicators of improved economic performance. Economic growth rates have been improving steadily. In 2004, Africa grew at 5.1 percent, an increase from 3.7 percent in 2003, and a significant improvement over the average annual growth rates of 2.6 percent between 1990 and 2003. However, this has not translated into a decrease in the percentage of people living on less than a dollar a day. This failure to ensure that economic growth contributes to poverty reduction may be attributed to various factors, including an inadequate rate of growth, low labour absorption into the primary growth sectors, and inequitable distribution of the opportunities created by growth. The lack of access to other secure sources of income compounds the incidence of poverty. If these patterns continue, then even with improved economic growth, Africa will not be able to meet key development targets and improve human well-being. This will in turn perpetuate the poverty-environmental degradation cycle.
The economies of most countries are characterized by dependence on the extraction and export of natural resources, and thus by a high level of vulnerability to global economic fluctuations, especially in mineral and agricultural commodity prices. Chapter 8: Interlinkages: The Environment and Policy Web considers how global policy and practice in trade, aid and investment affect economic performance in Africa.
Many economies reflect a dualism, with a relatively small monetized structure, consisting of such sectors as government, commerce and industry, and a large subsistence and informal sector. Low levels of industrialization, characterized by relatively little value adding, have environmental and development implications that impact on overall levels of human wellbeing. For example, although industrial emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) are low, the per capita emissions per unit of industrial and manufactured output are relatively high because of the relatively old and inefficient equipment and technologies used by industry.
(Source: UNEP 2005; data from World Bank 2003)
Africa's share in world trade remains small. It is being met with fierce competition from the other regions of the world that have faster and more sustained economic growth, particularly from Southeast Asia. Africa's share of world exports declined from about 6 per cent in 1980 to approximately 2 percent in 2003. However, in 2004 trade performance improved and exports continued to grow at high rates: 8 percent in volume and 23.5 percent in value. This is primarily linked to the growth of the oil sector. In other sectors Africa has continued to be severely marginalized in the global economy as it continues to face formidable barriers to northern markets. Given the small size of domestic markets, exports are essential for increased economic growth. However, trade has continued to be on unfair terms, primarily as a result of the rules governing world trade, which were set largely by the industrialized countries over the course of the 1986-94 Uruguay Round of World Trade Organization (WTO) talks.
The economic underdevelopment of Africa partly reflects its history of economic and political colonization, and partly the economic and other policies adopted by governments since independence. The latter include wage and price controls, widespread subsidies of basic commodities, a burgeoning civil service, fixed currency exchange rates that lead to overvaluation of currencies, high tax rates, and disincentives for potential external investors. In the 1980s and 1990s, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) imposed Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAP) on some of the countries, often as a condition for being granted loans. The features of these programmes vary somewhat from country to country but common elements include:
- Strict controls on public expenditure;
- Reforms of the structure and functioning of the civil service;
- Reductions in barriers to trade;
- The removal of domestic subsidies;
- Opening up of the economy to external investment; and
- Allowing the value of the national currency to be determined by the operations of the market.
As discussed in Interlinkages: environment and policy web in Africa, notwithstanding the appearance of burgeoning economies, SAPs led to rising prices of basic commodities, unemployment, increasing poverty and the breakdown in health-care systems. These impacts had significant environmental and social implications.
Debt, too, remains a major challenge. (See Interlinkages: environment and policy web in Africa.) The burden of debt repayment is enormous, resulting in the diversion of funding away from, among other things, public services. Some countries faced with a huge debt burden spend all their earnings on servicing their debts rather than providing basic social services. A combination of internal and external factors continues to perpetuate the debt problem. Debt cancellation by the Group of 8 (G8) nations in favour of 13 selected poor countries (by the beginning of 2006) is still viewed as too insignificant to have an impact on environment and development in the region.
Social issues
Levels of human well-being affect the range of opportunities available to people and the kinds of choices they are able to make. Health and education, as well as access to material assets, directly affect capabilities and, in turn, impact on the environment. African nations rank, on average, lower than any other continent on the Human Development Index (HDI). In recent years there has been a decline in the quality of life, as measured by the HDI, in many African countries.
Although there has been an improvement in quality of life across the globe, Africa has lagged behind in some key areas:
- Half of the population in Africa lack access to health services. Health challenges are monumental in a region with the highest rates of fertility, maternal and childhood mortality, malnutrition, two-thirds of world's known AIDS cases, 90 percent of world's yearly malaria fatalities, and where half of the female population is illiterate.
- In rural Africa, about 50 percent of the population are without access to adequate water supply, and 70 percent are without access to adequate sanitation. In urban areas, about 20 percent and 40 percent of the population are without access to adequate water supply and sanitation respectively.
- Although there has been significant progress in education in Africa over the last two decades, there is much to be done. Primary school enrolment in 16 countries is below 60 percent, and there are more children between the age of 6 and 11 out of school than was the case in the 1990s. The average adult illiteracy stands at 43 percent.
- Life expectancy at birth in SSA has been reduced from 50 in 1990 to 46 in 2002.
The incidence of poverty and the pervasiveness of inequities, as discussed in the [[Human dimension of development in Africa, remain major challenges for development and sustainable environmental management. Poverty is both a cause and effect of environmental degradation. Poverty can be reduced by either increasing economic growth or by reducing inequity. For Africa to halve its poverty level by 2015, as envisaged under the MDG, it will need to achieve an average annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of 7 percent.
Gender inequity remains a challenge. Although African women have made tremendous progress over the past four decades, there is still a significant gap between rhetorical commitment to gender equity and actual actions adopted to address this. Most African countries continue to rank very low on the gender-related development index (GDI) although there has been some improvement in gender empowerment measure (GEM). GDI focuses on levels of development including life expectancy, literacy, education and income, whereas GEM considers the extent of social inclusion through measures related to parliamentary seats held by women, the percentage of female professional and technical workers, and the ratio of female to male income. Important gains have been made in political representation, with Africa leading the world with the highest proportion of women in parliament. Nevertheless, economic and legal barriers associated with social discrimination continue to prevent women in Africa from improving their status and productivity, and from achieving their full potential. In many countries women continue to face the denial of basic human rights and are often victims of violent crime.
At independence, most African countries inherited a system where government was absolutely responsible for providing basic services and amenities almost at no direct costs to consumers. Over the years, the ability of government to meet the demands for providing basic services and utilities has decreased tremendously and the effect has been one of aggravating social conditions. Much has been said as to what is the right strategy for providing services in developing countries, particularly in Africa. The privatization of public services is a strategy being promoted in an increasing number of African countries. This involves the reduction of public subsidies and, in some cases, the introduction of cost-recovery measures. This development, while having some benefits, could present major causes for concern. For instance, access to clean water is a vital public health necessity and a basic human right and its privatization may lead to reduced access to safe water for poor communities. In Ghana, the recent moves towards water privatization are opposed by CSOs for this reason. Already, according to the Ghanaian Ministry of Health, half of all clinic visits in Ghana are due to water-borne illnesses. Privatization may further reduce access to safe and affordable water in urban areas.
Cultural norms and values shape people's perceptions, aspirations and attitudes, and therefore their actions. Culture influences choice of livelihood activities, with direct and indirect influence on the pace of environmental change and development.
Among the many factors shaping culture are ethnicity and religion. As in some other parts of the world, religion in Africa has served as a strong unifying force in some areas, and as a potentially divisive one in others. Ethnic tensions in many areas, driven by historical animosities, themselves often exacerbated by religious, economic and social tensions, are also potentially divisive and inhibitory to development and may precipitate conflict over natural resources. However, this diversity is not always divisive. Chapter 12: Environment for Peace and Regional Cooperation considers this sensitive subject and how the environment can promote cooperation, which in turn may enhance good social relations (including social coherence) and other aspects of human well-being.
Africa, with its diversity of peoples and languages, has a rich and strong traditional culture that can serve both as a bulwark against outside influences and as a conduit through which new ideas can be assimilated. Historically, indigenous systems of social governance, provision of services, maintenance of social cohesion, and even economic development, were based on the norms these cultures followed. But culture is not static, especially in this era of increasing economic and political globalization. People around the world are being increasingly exposed to the norms and values of other cultures, sometimes creating tensions within their own culture but in many instances resulting in substantial modification or replacement of some of its elements.
Other cultures have fundamentally changed African society. While western cultures dominate many economic and political spheres, at the more local level traditional norms often prevail. At the sub-national level, governance is increasingly shaped by "democratic ethics" intermingled with traditional values. The traditional support systems, which served as social securities for the aged, the homeless, the sick and the poor, have generally been displaced. However, these have not been replaced by efficient public structures. Similarly, in many places traditional environmental management systems have also been displaced or significantly modified. In some instances new environmental values have begun to emerge and shape governance and management.
Consumption patterns increasingly mirror westernstyle consumer culture, and to a large extent this is a result of a shift to market-based development and globalization. This influences both trade and investment patterns, particularly by creating a demand for imported consumer goods while, at the same time, serving as an incentive for some of the multinational corporations to enter local markets directly through investment, partnerships or take-overs. In some instances these increasing consumer demands produce very direct threats to the environment, as discussed in Section 2: Environment State-and-Trends: 20-Year Retrospective and in relation to chemicals in Chapter 11.
As a driving force, western culture continues to play a central role in development in Africa. Changing lifestyles create demand for environmental goods-and-services that occasions change in environmental and natural resources exploitation. Increasing consumerism, for instance, can be expected to lead to overexploitation of resources to meet increasing wants. Depending on the measures of control put in place by societies, these developments may or may not be beneficial to the environment. Nevertheless, this consumer culture may be expected to reach a peak where people begin to see the differences between needs and wants, and lead therefore to a return to healthier and more holistic lifestyles that focus on the overall context of human wellbeing and the relationship to the environment.
African economies during pre-colonial times were able to avoid any large-scale environmental degradation, partly because the population was small and partly because the demands on the economy were small. More importantly, the technology was appropriate and adequate, as the people learnt over centuries to adapt systems of extraction of natural resources to be commensurate with the dictates of the environment. In contrast, modern economic practices have introduced increased demands on human and natural resources and the available technology has proved inadequate. Africa needs to improve and diversify the range of technological options available if the demands of change are to be met. New technologies often come with new costs, including high demands for fuel and increased pollution, and new risks, such as uncertainty about the environmental and human health impacts of genetically modified (GM) crops and chemicals. Chapter 1: The Human Dimension considers the developments in the pharmaceutical sector, and the potential economic opportunities investment in genetic resource R & D can bring for Africa, particularly in rural communities. Section 3: Emerging Challenges considers the challenges and opportunities associated with GM crops (Chapter 9) and chemicals (Chapter 11).
In the 20th century, Africa's role in the development of science and technology remained small. Historical factors contributed to this. Colonization inhibited the development of indigenous technology and destabilized some of the existing processes of technical growth. Indigenous manufacturing capability was deliberately undermined to facilitate European exports for which captive markets were created. Further, Africa has not only been a user of technologies developed in the west, but has also served as a dumping ground for obsolete technologies abandoned in the west. Africa remains on the technological fringes, and in the absence of largescale investment in this area this is not likely to change. Africa in general has a high dependence on imported technology. As the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) noted, addressing this is critical if development targets are to be met. Stimulating R & D in this sector requires not only an improved economic environment but also better infrastructure and efficient communications systems. Africa needs to increase investment in this area, and focus on the development of appropriate technologies. The growth of ICT has been an important driver of economic growth and the diversification of opportunity in the economies of Southeast Asia. Africa Environment Outlook 2: Our Environment, Our Wealth (e-book) Chapter 1: The Human Dimension describes the current state of ICT and considers the opportunities this sector can bring for development. The Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) technology offers significant opportunities. The introduction of GSM in many African countries and the deregulation of the telecommunications sector have energized private companies to embark on aggressive telecommunications development programmes across the region. This trend is expected to become a major catalyst for development through improvements in information access. Modern ICT will assist the emergence of micro-power technologies to revolutionize energy sources. While many African countries continue to see modern information technology and industrialization as principal agents for economic development, some countries will recognize the importance of sequencing in harnessing technology and integrate these into the process of development including environmental management. With the introduction of cleaner fuels, swift transition to renewable resources and greater concern for the environment, the impact of industrialization and technological advancement on the environment is reduced to the barest minimum.
Institutions and governance
"In 2002, the AU noted that Africa was losing $150,000 million a year to corruption, which increases the costs of goods by as much as 20 percent." NEF 2005
Institutions refers generally to the set of instruments through which people, living in a state and believing in common core values, govern themselves and includes policy, laws, rules and regulations as well as custom. Governance refers to the processes through which these institutions are implemented. Governance is based on values and principles that a society – local, national, regional or global – holds. Governance invariably relies on interaction between the state, civil society and the private sector, although the relative roles of these sectors differ depending on the priorities and values of a given social system. For example, the extent of public participation in decision making is often a reflection of this.
Governance takes place within all domains including the economic, political and administrative, and its form affects development, including the potential for market efficiency, sustainable environmental management and the realization of rights. Good governance practices improve the potential for economic growth and create new opportunities for development and improving human well-being. Such measures may include elevating environmental management as a policy priority and allocating the necessary resources for the implementation of measures, assigning accountability for failures, and facilitating participation from civil society. It may, as proposed in Chapter 8: Interlinkages: The Environment and Policy Web, require linking the economic, political and administrative aspects of governance more directly with environmental policy and practice, and developing appropriate legal and management tools to ensure this. Or, as discussed in Chapter 9: Genetically Modified Crops, demand establishing better integration between science, public values and policy. It may also, as discussed in Environment for Peace and Regional Cooperation, require improved regional cooperation, greater transparency and higher levels of accountability to avoid conflict and promote the fairer distribution of benefits, and costs, associated with environmental use.
It is impossible to achieve sustainable economic development without good governance, and peace and security are essential aspects of this. In many countries poor governance practices have resulted in military coup d'états and electoral systems that were essentially symbolic and not designed to allow for changes in government. Military interventions have led to various forms of instability and the rise of insurgencies, riots and ethnic strife and rivalries. Military costs have placed an enormous strain on economies. Corruption, and the embezzlement and externalization of public funds remain critical problems, with estimates that such externalization amounts to as much as a quarter of GDP. In 2002, the AU noted that Africa was losing $150,000 million per year to corruption, which increases the costs of goods by as much as 20 percent.
However, as the new millennium approached, once again "winds of change" blew across Africa, as people in many countries, as well as at the regional level, demanded greater accountability from their elected leaders. They called for fairer and more transparent public processes, and respect for human rights. With increasing social consciousness, new forms of organizations have emerged. Civil society organizations have emerged in large numbers and their influence is steadily increasing. These serve as important checks on government.
As poor governance practices have been called into question, citizens have demanded the right to be involved in decisions that affect their well-being, including in the environmental sector. Local participation in environmental decision making has increased considerably. The opportunities increased public participation presents for development and good policy making are discussed throughout this report. Chapter 1: The Human Dimension examines the increasing role of civil society in the environmental sector and the chapters in Section 2: Environment State-and-Trends: 20-Year Retrospective consider the opportunities such involvement creates in specific environmental sectors, including forests, freshwater and coastal and marine environments. Section 3: Emerging Challenges considers the importance of public participation in developing policy responses in the critical areas of GM crops, invasive alien species, chemicals and conflict.
The opportunity for improving governance is constrained by several factors including weak states, weak democratic processes that feature personalized power and corruption, and inequity. Inequity and poverty shape the capacity to participate effectively in public life, as is evident from the marginal role that women still play in governance.
Nevertheless, in facing these governance challenges, a wide range of responses have been adopted by governments at the regional, sub-regional and national levels. At the regional level, these responses include the AU Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption and the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) developed by New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD). For a full discussion of the APRM see Chapter 8: Interlinkages: The Environment and Policy Web. All efforts are made to reduce conflicts in countries where they presently exist through assistance to provide basic services and through the breaking of the poverty trap.
Peace and conflict
"Since 1970, more than 30 wars have been fought in Africa, and the vast majority of them were intra-state in origin." Kofi Annan, Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN 1998)
Conflict is a major driver of environmental change, and it has significant implications for development and human well-being. Many of the conflicts in the region are internal and cross-border disagreements often relate to natural resource use. The challenges posed by conflict are discussed fully in chapter 12: Environment for Peace and Regional Cooperation.
As discussed in that chapter, the implications of conflict are far-reaching:
- Conflicts have led directly and indirectly to the deaths of many thousands of civilians. In 1998, Kofi Annan, the Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN), noted that, "since 1970, more than 30 wars have been fought in Africa, and the vast majority of them were intra-state in origin" (UN 1998).
- Conflicts affect how the environment is used. For example, landmines and unexploded ordinance (UXO) make land inaccessible and pose a physical threat to people and animals.
- Conflict diverts financial resources away from development for the purchase of weapons and other military equipment.
- Conflict threatens human well-being by increasing food insecurity, ill health, violence and crime. It may also affect education and health opportunities. It reduces access to essential material assets, including natural resources, which are the basis of livelihoods and well-being. This may include access to land, markets and information.
- Conflict results in the destruction of infrastructure, and the deterioration of services due to neglect is common. Infrastructure such as roads, bridges, markets, clinics and schools are often targeted by combatants.
- Conflict results in displacement of people, and the breakdown of social cohesion. Cross-border movement of people impacts on host countries, for example in terms of increased demands on natural resources. Refugee populations are among the most vulnerable social groups in the world.
The impacts of conflict cannot be assessed in quantitative terms alone. For example, there are unknown opportunity costs in terms of possible avenues for development which are blocked by insecurity. Conflicts can result in the transformation of the social, political and economic space, and often have the result of "militarizing" many aspects of life. Violence occurs not just between combatants, but also in the domestic sphere: the pressures of life during wartime often result in an increase in gender-based violence and the abuse of children. Conflicts and peace breaches make it more difficult to achieve cooperation, including cooperation over the environment. Women, in particular, become vulnerable to attack as they access natural resources such as firewood and freshwater in periods of war. The cultural fabric that constitutes communities can be torn apart. Management of natural resources is an important part of this cultural fabric, and one which is also vital for the provision of basic needs such as food, warmth and shelter.
The regional impacts of conflict are in many ways an incentive for regional solutions and cooperation, and there have been multiple regional responses that seek to improve cooperation around the environment. The AU, along with sub-regional bodies, plays a critical role in peace-building and cooperation. There is enhanced openness on the part of many African governments to discuss problems of conflict which were previously treated as "internal" and to seek regional or international solutions.
Natural disasters and climate change
A disaster is said to occur when abnormal or infrequent hazardous events impact on vulnerable communities, causing substantial damage, disruption and casualties, and leaving the affected communities unable to function normally without external assistance. A disaster is therefore a severe disruption of the survival and livelihood systems of a society or community, resulting from their vulnerability to the impact of one or a combination of hazards, and involving loss of life and/or property on a scale which overwhelms the capacity of those affected to cope unaided. Natural hazards may be hydrometeorological or geophysical and include floods, droughts, wild-fires, storms, cyclones, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and landslides. Some of these hazards can lead to disasters. Disasters, whether natural, technological, biological or arising from internal conflicts within nations, are often shaped by anthropological factors.
Africa faces food insecurity that is a result of a combination of natural hazards and human factors. Climate change and variability are being driven by various anthropological factors including increased demands for energy, and have impacts on environment and development, as well as land productivity. These impacts are discussed throughout Section 2: Environment State-and-Trends: 20-Year Retrospective and more specifically in Atmospheric resources in Africa and Land resources in Africa. Global warming will lead to higher temperatures estimated to be between 0.2 and 0.5 ºC per decade for Africa. It is also likely that extreme events such as El Niño are being experienced more frequently, and have become more intense, causing wide-ranging agricultural, hydrological, ecological, economic and health impacts. Land degradation and vulnerability to erosion is directly linked to climatic factors. Extreme climatic events also lead to natural disasters like drought and floods which directly affect the health of the environment.
One effective response to address human vulnerability to environmental change is to strengthen mechanisms for early warning. Many actions can be taken to protect life and property if warning is received in time. While certain threats are inherently unpredictable, many of those arising from threats from environmental degradation and mismanagement, and from human activities, can now be anticipated with some precision. Early warning capacities are increasing steadily with technological advances in environmental observing, assessment and communications. Examples include the cyclone early warning systems that have been established in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) islands.
Further reading
- Adger, W. N., S. Huq, K. Brown, D. Conway and Hulme, M., 2003. Adaptation to climate change in the developing world. Progress in Development Studies 3.3: 179-195.
- AfDB, 2004. Africa Development Report 2004: Africa in the Global Trading System.African Development Bank / Oxford University Press, Oxford.
- ECA, 2005. Economic Report on Africa 2005: Meeting the Challenges of Unemployment and Poverty in Africa. Economic Commission for Africa, Addis Ababa.
- Ghobarah, H., Huth, P., Russett, B., and King, G., 2001. The Political Economy of Comparative Human Misery and Well-being. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, San Francisco, September 2001.
- Hulme, M., Doherty, R.M., Ngara, T., New, MG and Lister, D., 2001. African climate change: 1900-2100. Climate Research 17: 145-168.
- IPCC, 2000. Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva.
- IUCN, 2004. World Conservation Congress Motions: CGR3.RES011 – A moratorium on the further release of genetically modified organisms (GMO). World Conservation Congress / Bangkok, Thailand 17–25 November 2004.
- Keeley, J. and Scoones, I., 2003. Understanding Environmental Policy Processes: Cases from Africa. Earthscan, London.
- Luckham, R.,White, S.,Ahmed, I. and Muggah, R., 2001. Conflict and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Assessment of the Issues and Evidence. IDS Working Paper 128. Institute of Development Studies, Brighton.
- MA, 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Island Press,Washington, D.C.
- Makinwa-Adebusoye, P., 2000. Population and Development. Electronic Roundtable International Policies, African Realities hosted by the Africa Policy Information Centre and the Economic Commission for Africa with assistance from Bellanet.
- Mohamed-Katerere, J.C., 1997. International and Regional Agreements for Environmental Management: Constraints and Opportunities for Development. In Democracy, Human Rights and Economic Development in Southern Africa (ed. Steytler, N), pp 143-169. Lex Patria, Johannesburg.
- Mohamed-Katerere, J. and van der Zaag, P., 2003. Untying the "Knot of Silence" – Making Water Policy and Law Responsive to Local Normative Systems. In History and Future of Shared Water Resources (Hassan, F.A.,Reuss, M.,Trottier, J., Bernhardt, C.,Wolf,A.,Mohamed-Katerere, J. and van der Zaag,P.). IHP Technical Documents PCCP Series No.6. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization-International Hydrological Programme, Paris.
- NEF, 2005. A Big Deal? Corporate Social Responsibility and the Finance Sector in Europe. New Economics Foundation. Corporate Responsibility Coalition, London.
- OECD Development Centre and AfDB, 2005. African Economic Outlook 2004/2005. Development Centre of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the African Development Bank. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris
- Rehn, E. and Johnson Sirleaf, E., 2002. Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts' Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women's Role in Peace-building. Progress of the World's Women 2002, Vol. 1. United Nations Fund for Women, New York.
- Steyler, N.(ed. 1997). In Democracy, Human Rights and Economic Development in Southern Africa. Lex Patria, Johannesburg.
- UN, 1998. The Causes of Conflict and the Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Development in Africa. Report of the Secretary General. United Nations, New York.
- UNDP, 2005. Human Development Report 2005: International cooperation at a crossroads – Aid, trade and security in an unequal world. United Nations Development Programme, New York.
- UNEP, 2002a. Africa Environment Outlook: Past, Present and Future Perspectives. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi.
- UNEP, 2006. Africa Environment Outlook 2.
- UNIFEM, 2002. Progress of the World's Women 2002: Volume 2: Gender Equality and the Millennium Development Goals. United Nations Development Fund for Women, New York.
- UN Millennium Project, 2005a. Innovation: Applying Knowledge in Development. United Nations Millennium Project. UN Millennium Development Library. Earthscan, London.
- UN Millennium Project, 2005b. Investing in Development – A Practical Plan to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Earthscan, New York.
- UN Population Division, 2003. World Population prospects, 2002 Revision – Highlights. United Nations, New York.
- UN Population Division, 2004. World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision Population Database. United Nations, New York.
- UN Population Division, 2005. World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision Population Database. United Nations, New York.
- Watson, R.T., Zinyowera, M.C., and Moss, R.H. (eds. 1998). [Nations. http://www.wfp.org/newsroom/in_depth/early_warning/index.asp?section=2&sub_section=2 The Regional Impacts of Climate Change – An Assessment of Vulnerability]. A Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Working Group II. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- WFP, 2006. Natural hazards: global overview of countries of concern. World Food Programme of the United Nations.
- WRI in collaboration with UNEP and UNDP, 2004. World Resources Report 2002-2004: Decisions for the Earth. Balance, Voice and Power. World Resources Institute in collaboration with United Nations Environment Programme and United Nations Development Programme World Resources Institute,Washington, D.C.
This is a chapter from Africa Environment Outlook 2: Our Environment, Our Wealth (e-book).
Previous: Africa's future: four scenarios | Table of Contents | Next: Regional scenarios for Africa's future: land
Disclaimer: This article is taken wholly from, or contains information that was originally published by, the United Nations Environment Programme. Topic editors and authors for the Encyclopedia of Earth may have edited its content or added new information. The use of information from the United Nations Environment Programme should not be construed as support for or endorsement by that organization for any new information added by EoE personnel, or for any editing of the original content.


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Maine Sens. Susan Collins, a Republican, and Angus King, an independent, made the comments today while touring Navy contractor Bath Iron Works.
BATH, Maine (AP) _ In their first public event together in Maine, U.S. Sens. Susan Collins and Angus King are pledging their full support for shipyard workers and are urging Congress to stop the "blame game'' and pass the defense budget.
Collins, a Republican, and King, an independent, made the comments Thursday morning while touring Navy contractor Bath Iron Works. They also met with shipyard workers.
The two said the threat of automatic budget cuts and the absence of a defense budget could mean a loss of hundreds of jobs BIW.
The two senators are urging President Barack Obama to bring Democrats and Republicans together to avert the cuts.
Collins and King also planned to visit the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery.


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May 2, 2016
Police said a Tuesday afternoon shooting in the woods led them to a suspect holed up in a local motel.
Goldsboro Police said around 2:30 p.m. on Tuesday, they got a call of a person shot in the wood line behind 1005 N. Spence Avenue.
Police said there they found Ronnie Jones with a gunshot wound to the head.
Police said they worked to find their suspect, 44-year-old Othel Rowe, at the Irish Inns Motel on Sunburst Drive.
Police have charged Rowe with assault with a deadly weapon inflicting serious injury.
Rowe is in the Wayne County Jail under a $40,000 secured bond.
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Missions in GTA San Andreas
this wiki
This is a comprehensive list of storyline missions in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas. There are 105 missions in total.
Los Santos Missions
Protagonist Carl Johnson returns to his hometown of Los Santos and needs to re-establish himself in the neighborhood. Missions in this city involve Carl's rise to power in the Grove Street Families, and the challenges with his family. Many of these missions have Carl as the driver plus additional help as required.
There are 29 missions in the main thread in Los Santos.
- In The Beginning - The opening sequence, cutscene and mission of GTA San Andreas.
- Big Smoke - Meet Big Smoke inside the Johnson House.
- Sweet & Kendl - Escape from the Ballas riding a BMX and explore parts of the city of Los Santos.
- Ryder - Introduction to the Barbers, the Restaurants, and driving cars.
- Tagging Up Turf - Tag over some of the rival gang's tags.
- Cleaning the Hood - Take out drug dealers on your territory.
- Drive-Thru - Stop the Ballas from getting to Grove Street.
- Nines and AK's - Visit Emmet for some target practice and buy any clothes at Binco shop.
- Drive-By - Do a couple of drive-by's on Ballas gang members.
- Sweet's Girl - Save Sweet and his girl from an onslaught of Seville Boulevard gang members.
- Cesar Vialpando - Follow Kendl and win the Lowrider Challenge.
- OG Loc - Pick up OG Loc from jail, chase and kill Freddy and take OG Loc to the Burger Shot.
- Running Dog - Chase down a Los Santos Vagos gang member.
- Wrong Side Of The Tracks - Disrupt a gang meeting and follow a train.
- Just Business - Help Big Smoke against the Russian Mafia.
- Home Invasion - Rob a veteran for weapons.
- Catalyst - Steal weapons off a train.
- Robbing Uncle Sam - Raid a National Guard base.
- High Stakes, Low Rider - Race Cesar Vialpando and his other racers.
- Life's A Beach - Steal a sound system for OG Loc.
- Madd Dogg's Rhymes - Steal Madd Dogg's rhyme book.
- Management Issues - Kidnap and kill Alan Crawford.
- House Party - Party with the OG's, and protect Grove Street from an attack by the Ballas.
- Burning Desire - Burn down a gang house and save a girl.
- Gray Imports - Kill a Russian weapon dealer.
- Doberman - Take over Glen Park and kill Little Weasel.
- Los Sepulcros - Kill the Ballas gang leader Kane.
- Reuniting The Families - Take Sweet to reunite the 'Families' gang, escape the police force.
- The Green Sabre - Withness Smoke and Ryder's betrayal, then rush to rescue your brother.
Countryside Missions (Red County, Flint County, Whetstone)
CJ has stumbled onto something that is much bigger than himself. It appears that Big Smoke is totally loyal to Officer Tenpenny and he does exactly what he is told. Tenpenny warns CJ to stay away from Big Smoke or Sweet will suffer. Tenpenny has a few loose ends that need to be taken care of, and Carl takes care of them, while trying to keep himself and his sister out of danger.
There are 14 missions in the Countryside.
- Badlands - Take out an ex-policeman for Tenpenny.
- First Date - Meet Cesar's cousin. NOTE: Choose a Robbery mission listed below after the cutscene.
- Body Harvest - Steal a Combine Harvester for The Truth.
- King in Exile - Meet Cesar and Kendl again.
- First Base - NOTE: Choose a Robbery mission listed below after the cutscene.
- Gone Courting - NOTE: Choose a Robbery mission listed below after the cutscene.
- Made In Heaven - NOTE: Choose a Robbery mission listed below after the cutscene.
- Tanker Commander - Hijack a tanker truck in Dillimore.
- Local Liquor Store - Rob a liquor store in Blueberry.
- Small Town Bank - Rob a bank in Palomino Creek.
- Against All Odds - Rob the Off-Track Betting shop in Montgomery.
- Wu Zi Mu - Race against Wu Zi Mu.
- Farewell, My Love... - Race against Catalina and her new boyfriend, Claude.
- Are You Going To San Fierro? - Burn down The Truth's drug plantation and drive to San Fierro.
San Fierro Missions
CJ is starting to build his own name in San Fierro while still working for Tenpenny. Therefore, Woozie calls for his assistance as well as Zero.
There are 26 missions in the San Fierro.
- Wear Flowers In Your Hair - Pick up some friends of The Truth, who can help with the garage.
- 555 WE TIP - Frame a DA that is causing Tenpenny problems by posing as a Valet and planting drugs in his car.
- Deconstruction - Get your revenge on some construction workers for calling Kendl a hooker.
Zero (optional, needed for 100% Completion)
- Air Raid - Defend Zero's transmitters from Berkley's bombers.
- Supply Lines... - Kill Berkley's delivery boys.
- New Model Army - Help Zero in a RC war.
- Photo Opportunity - Photograph the meeting betwen Ryder and the Loco Syndicate.
- Jizzy - Help Jizzy out with his pimp duties.
- T-Bone Mendez - Retrieve some stolen cash.
- Mike Toreno - Find and rescue Mike Toreno.
- Mountain Cloud Boys - Escort Woozie to a Triad meeting, then escape the Da Nang Boys.
- Ran Fa Li - Steal a car from the airport and take it to a lockup.
- Lure - Prevent an assassination with a decoy.
- Amphibious Assault - Bug a Da Nang meeting on a boat.
- The Da Nang Thang - Release some refugees from a boat and kill the Snakehead.
- Outrider - Transport drugs past some roadblock.
- Snail Trail - Snipe a journalist and his contact.
- Ice Cold Killa - Break into the Pleasure Domes and kill Jizzy B.
- Pier 69 - Raid a deal between the Ballas and the Loco Syndicate to kill T-Bone Mendez and Ryder.
- Toreno's Last Flight - Shoot down Mike Toreno's helicopter.
- Yay Ka-Boom-Boom - Blow up a drug factory.
- Back to School - Learn some advanced driving techniques.
- Zeroing In - Steal a car with a tracking system.
- Test Drive - Steal and test some racing cars with Cesar.
- Customs Fast Track - Steal a car from a container at the docks.
- Puncture Wounds - Use stingers to steal a car.
Desert Missions (Bone County, Tierra Robada)
CJ will be doing some rather strange things for dubious characters in the desert of Tierra Robada. In addition, he gets to learn how to fly, which will come in very handy later on.
There are 9 storyline missions in the Desert.
- Monster - Complete a time trial in a Monster Truck.
- Highjack - Hijack a tanker and drive it back to Doherty with Cesar Vialpando.
- Interdiction - Escort and protect Toreno's helicopter, then take the contraband dropped by it.
- Verdant Meadows - Buy the airstrip in Bone County.
- Learning to Fly- Complete flying / Pilot School.
- N.O.E. - Fly under the radar to Angel Pine and back.
- Stowaway - Destroy a government plane.
- Black Project - Enter Area 69, and steal the Black Project .
- Green Goo - Fly over a train, and steal the mysterious cargo.
Las Venturas Missions
CJ has really made a name for himself. Not only has he regained a lot of his power back, he is also the proud owner of one business and a partner in a casino. This series of missions basically ensures that the competition is either eliminated or it is severely subdued.
There are 19 storyline missions in Las Venturas.
- Fender Ketchup - Scare a guy by driving around with him on your windscreen.
- Explosive Situation - Steal armed dynamite from the Quarry.
- You've Had Your Chips - Disable the Sindacco's factory from making fake casino chips.
- Don Peyote - Rescue Maccer and Kent Paul from the desert and bring them to the Mafia Casino.
- Architectural Espionage - Steal the plans to Caligula's Casino.
- Key To Her Heart - Gain the affections of Millie to gain a keycard.
- Dam And Blast - Plant explosive charges on the Dam so you can disable the power during the upcoming heist.
- Cop Wheels - Steal four HPV 1000 police bikes.
- Up, Up and Away! - Steal an armored truck using a Leviathan.
- Intensive Care - Rescue Johnny Sindacco from the Forelli Family in an ambulance.
- The Meat Business - Escape from the Sindaccos in the meat factory.
- Fish In A Barrel - Take co-ownership of the Four Dragons Casino.
- Freefall - Intercept, board, empty and land a plane full of Forellis.
- Misappropriation - Kill some federal agents in the Desert, and steal a dossier.
- High Noon - Chase and kill Eddie Pulaski.
- Saint Mark's Bistro - Fly to Liberty City and take out Marco Forelli.
- Breaking the Bank at Caligula's - Rob Caligula's Casino and escape back to the airstrip.
- A Home In The Hills - Retake Madd Dogg's Crib and kill Big Poppa.
Return to Los Santos Missions
CJ has it all now. Money, power, and fame. He wants to go back to the old neighborhood to take it once and for all. Of course, Sweet's release only hastens his desire.
There are 8 story missions in Los Santos after the return.
- Vertical Bird - Steal a Hydra from an aircraft carrier and use it to destroy some spy boats.
- Home Coming - Pick Sweet up from the police station, take out some dealers and reclaim Grove Street.
- Cut Throat Business - Chase OG Loc to reclaim Madd Dogg's music.
- Beat Down On B Dup - Start a gang war to re-claim Glen Park.
- Grove 4 Life - Claim Idlewood and any other neighborhood.
- Riot - Drive to Grove Street and withness the riot.
- Los Desperados - Retake Varrios Los Aztecas territory from the Los Santos Vagos.
- End of the Line - Take out Big Smoke in his Crack Palace and chase down Frank Tenpenny to end things once and for all.
| San Andreas | Los Santos | San Fierro | Las Venturas
Red County | Flint County | Whetstone | Tierra Robada | Bone County
|Carl Johnson (CJ) | Sean "Sweet" Johnson | Big Smoke | Frank Tenpenny | Cesar Vialpando | Wu Zi Mu | Mike Toreno
|Radio Stations
|K-Rose | Radio X | Radio Los Santos | Playback FM | SF-UR | K-JAH Radio West | WCTR | K-DST | Master Sounds 98.3 | CSR 103.9 | Bounce FM
|Driving School | Pilot School | Bike School | Boat School
|Gang Tags | Snapshots | Horseshoes | Oysters | Unique Stunt Jumps
|Other Resources
|Missions | Weapons | Safehouses | Cheats
|Related titles and mods
|Hot Coffee | Multi Theft Auto | San Andreas Multiplayer
External Links
GTA San Andreas -- Mission Walkthrough.


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1. "The U.S. space program enjoyed broad, enthusiastic support during the race to land a man on the Moon."
From This Story
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Throughout the 1960s, public opinion polls indicated that 45 to 60 percent of Americans felt that the government was spending too much money on space exploration. Even after Neil Armstrong's "giant leap for mankind," only a lukewarm 53 percent of the public believed that the historic event had been worth the cost.
"The decision to proceed with Apollo was not made because it was enormously popular with the public, despite general acquiescence, but for hard-edged political reasons," writes Roger D. Launius, the senior curator at Smithsonian's divison of space history, in the journal Space Policy. "Most of these were related to the Cold War crises of the early 1960s, in which spaceflight served as a surrogate for face-to-face military confrontation." However, that acute sense of crisis was fleeting—and with it, enthusiasm for the Apollo program.
2. "The Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) is part of NASA."
The SETI Institute is a private, nonprofit organization consisting of three research centers. The program is not part of NASA; nor is there a government National SETI Agency.
NASA did participate in modest SETI efforts decades ago, and by 1977, the NASA Ames Research Center and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) had created small programs to search for extraterrestrial signals. Ames promoted a "targeted search" of stars similar to our sun, while JPL—arguing that there was no way to accurately predict where extraterrestrial civilizations might exist—endorsed a "full sky survey."
Those plans came to fruition on October 12, 1992—the 500-year anniversary of Columbus' discovery of the New World. Less than a year later, however, Nevada Senator Richard Bryan, citing budget pressures, successfully introduced legislation that killed the project, declaring that "The Great Martian Chase may finally come to an end."
While NASA no longer combs the skies for extraterrestrial signals, it continues to fund space missions and research projects devoted to finding evidence of life on other worlds. Edward Weiler, an astrophysicist and associate administrator of the Science Mission Directorate at NASA headquarters, told Smithsonian magazine: "As long as we have water, energy and organic material, the potential for life is everywhere."
3. "The Moon landing was a hoax."
According to a 1999 Gallup poll, 6 percent of Americans doubted that the Moon landing actually happened, while another 5 percent declared themselves "undecided."


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Our international programs have reached new heights as evidenced by the rankings in the U.S. News & World Report's 2014 edition of "Best Graduate Schools," Six SLU programs were listed in the top 25, such as SLU's health law program (No. 1 spot for the 10th consecutive year), SLU graduate program in international business (No. 13), SLU's geriatric medicine program (No. 14), SLU's entrepreneurship program (No. 16), and SLU's Supply Chain program (No. 16). We are also the first U.S. institution to be recognized by Spain's higher education accreditation authority as an official foreign university. Our students, faculty, and staff have been involved in outreach projects in various parts of the world including South Africa, Germany, Sweden, England, France, Israel, West Bank/Gaza, Croatia, Singapore, Switzerland, Peru, and Italy.
Ellen Harshman, Ph.D.,J.D. Interim Vice President of Academic Affairs
On behalf of our students, faculty and staff, welcome to Saint Louis University.
As one of the world's premier Jesuit universities, Saint Louis University is dedicated to advancing globally-competitive programs and services and developing globally-competitive leaders.
Saint Louis University maintains and encourages programs that link University resources to international communities in collaborative efforts to alleviate ignorance, poverty, injustice and hunger; extend compassionate care to the ill and needy; and maintain and improve the quality of life for all persons.
Our international programs have reached new heights as evidenced by the rankings in the 2011 U.S. News & World Report "America's Best Colleges." For instance, U.S. News gave SLU high marks to the undergraduate program (No. 12) and graduate program (No. 17) in international business.
I invite you to take a moment to browse through our new web initiative, SLU-IP, to discover our international programs and services.
Our goal is to provide you with one convenient location where you can find information and get access to all of your international needs in a wide-range of areas including academic programs of international significance, international events, international outreach programs,...etc.
Whether you are a current student looking for study abroad opportunities or a faculty seeking to connect with partner institutions overseas for teaching or research purposes or an organization interested in our global initiatives, SLU-IP has it all.
Ellen Harshman, Ph.D.,J.D.
Interim Vice President of Academic Affairs


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The Digi Code 5010 and 5040 remotes are 300 MHz garage door or gate opener remote contros that are directly compatible with all Multi Code or Digi Code 300 MHz radio recievers and remote controls. In this combo package you will receive (1) 5010 visor remote and (1) 5040 mini key chain remote. Programming is a snap just match the dip switches on your existing remote or receiver.


text: Figure 3. Natural killer cells as a percentage of total lymphocytes in mice consuming red wines, ethanol, or water for 8 wk with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Values represent the means ± SD, n = 4 in the group without treatment and n = 6 in the LPSstimulated group. Bars having different letters are significantly different at P < 0.05.. Source: Percival SS, Sims CA. Wine modifies the effects of alcohol on immune cells of mice. J.Nutr. 2000;130:1091-1094.


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Private Solutions for Reducing Road Congestion, Fuel Costs, Travel Time, and Waste
Recorded: Thursday, September 28, 2006
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Part 7
Part 8
Part 9
Part 10
Congestion is not a fact of life, declared Mr. Mineta, We need a new approach, and we need it now. Such an approach is presented in the new Independent Institute book, Street Smart: Competition, Entrepreneurship and the Future of Roads.
Experts: Daniel B. Klein, Gabriel Roth, Alexander T. TabarrokType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Privatization, Transportation
What Should the U.S. Do about China?
Recorded: Wednesday, May 17, 2006
The recent U.S. alignment with India seems to be another indicator of an informal U.S. policy to contain China. Will strategic containment work if China is allowed to fully integrate itself with the world economy?
Experts: Ivan Eland, James Lilley, Eric McVadonType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Defense and Foreign Policy