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features/bithinpy / README
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This is Python release 1.5 beta 2
The official release date for this version is Friday, December 12,
What's new in this release?
There's a loooong list of changes since release 1.4 in the file
Misc/NEWS. Some highlights:
- It's much faster (almost twice for the Lib/test/pystone.py
- There is now an assert statement: ``assert <condition>'' or
``assert <condition>, <errormessage>''. It raises AssertionError if
the condition evaluates to false. The default error message is
empty; the source text of the assertion statement is printed as part
of the traceback.
- There is now built-in support for importing hierarchical module
names (e.g. "import spam.ham.eggs"); ni is declared obsolete. Note
that the built-in package support is somewhat simpler (no __ and
__domain__) and differs in one crucial aspect: __init__.py is
required, and loaded in the package's namespace instead of as a
submodule. For more information, see
- The new "re" module (Perl style regular expressions) is here. It
is based on Philip Hazel's pcre code; the Python interfaces were put
together by Andrew Kuchling, Tim Peters and Jeffrey Ollie. The
regex module is declared obsolete.
- In support of the re module, a new form of string literals is
introduced, "raw strings": e.g. r"\n" is equal to "\\n".
- All standard exceptions and most exceptions defined in standard
extension modules are now classes. Use python -X to revert back to
string exceptions. See
for more info.
- Comparisons can now raise exceptions (previously, exceptions
occuring during comparisons were swept under the rug).
- New dictionary methods: .clear(), .copy(), .update(), .get(). The
first two are obvious; d1.update(d2) is equivalent to the for loop
``for k in d2.keys(): d1[k] = d2[k]''; and d.get(k) returns d[k] if
it exists and None (or the optional second argument) if not.
- There is a new regression test harness, which tests many more
modules. (To run the tests, do "import test.autotest".)
- The interpreter is much smarter about the initial value for
sys.path; you can control it easier using $PYTHONHOME (see the usage
message, e.g. try ``python -h''). In most situations, the
interpreter can be installed at an arbitrary location without having
to recompile.
- The build process now builds a single library (libpython1.5.a)
which contains everything except for the main() entry point. This
makes life much easier for applications that embed Python.
- There is much better support for embedding, including threads,
multiple interpreters(!), uninitialization, and access to the global
interpreter lock.
- There is a -O option that removes SET_LINENO instructions, assert
statements and code prefixed with ``if __debug__: ...''. (It still
only makes a few percent difference, so don't get all worked up
about this.)
- The Grand Renaming is completed: all linker-visible symbols
defined by Python now have a "Py" or "_Py" prefix, and the same is
true for most macros and typedefs.
If you previously downloaded 1.5b1, here are the most relevant changes
since then (of course all known bugs have been fixed, leaks plugged,
and some documentation has been added). The full list of changes
since 1.5b1 is presented at the end of the Misc/NEWS file.
- Thanks to all who contributed doc strings for library modules!
- The portability problems caused by indented preprocessor commands
and C++ style comments should be gone now.
- Lots of improvements to python-mode.el again.
- Changes in pickle.py and cPickle.c: when unpickling an instance of
a class that doesn't define the __getinitargs__() method, the
__init__() constructor is no longer called. This makes a much
larger group of classes picklable by default, but may occasionally
change semantics. To force calling __init__() on unpickling, define
a __getinitargs__() method. Other changes too, in particular
cPickle now handles classes defined in packages correctly. The
same change applies to copying instances with copy.py.
- Locale support in the "re" (Perl regular expressions) module. Use
the flag re.L (or re.LOCALE) to enable locale-specific matching
rules for \w and \b. The in-line syntax for this flag is (?L).
- The built-in function isinstance(x, y) now also succeeds when y is
a type object and type(x) is y.
- repr() and str() of class and instance objects now reflect the
package/module in which the class is defined.
- Module "ni" has been removed. (If you really need it, it's been
renamed to "ni1". Let me know if this causes any problems for you.
Package authors are encouraged to write __init__.py files that
support both ni and 1.5 package support, so the same version can be
used with Python 1.4 as well as 1.5.)
- The thread module is now automatically included when threads are
configured. (You must remove it from your existing Setup file,
since it is now in its own Setup.thread file.)
- New command line option "-x" to skip the first line of the script;
handy to make executable scripts on non-Unix platforms.
- In importdl.c, add the RTLD_GLOBAL to the dlopen() flags. I
haven't checked how this affects things, but it should make symbols
in one shared library available to the next one.
- The Windows configuration adds a new main program, "pythonw", and
registers a new extension, ".pyw" that invokes this. This is a
standard Python interpreter that does not pop up a console window;
handy for pure Tkinter applications. All output to the original
stdout and stderr is lost; reading from the original stdin yields
If you don't read instructions
Congratulations on getting this far. :-)
To start building right away (on UNIX): type "./configure" in the
current directory and when it finishes, type "make". The section
Build Instructions below is still recommended reading. :-)
What is Python anyway?
Python is an interpreted object-oriented programming language, and is
often compared to Tcl, Perl, Java or Scheme. To find out more, point
your browser to http://www.python.org/.
A modest plug
* Without your support, I won't be able to continue to work on Python! *
If you use Python, please consider joining the Python Software
Activity (PSA). See http://www.python.org/psa/.
Organizations that make heavy use of Python are especially encouraged
to become corporate members!
How do I learn Python?
The official tutorial is still a good place to start (in the Doc
directory as tut.tex; and http://www.python.org/doc/tut/tut.html).
Aaron Watters wrote a second tutorial, that may be more accessible for
some: http://www.wcmh.com/uworld/archives/95/tutorial/005.html. Both
tutorials (as well as most other sources) assume that you already know
how to program -- if you'd like to write "Python for Dummies", I know
a publisher who would like to talk to you...
There are now also several books on Python. While these are still
based on Python 1.3 or 1.4, the information in them is still 99%
correct. The first two books, both first published in October 1996
and both including a CD-ROM, form excellent companions to each other:
Internet Programming with Python
by Aaron Watters, Guido van Rossum, and James Ahlstrom
MIS Press/Henry Holt publishers
Programming Python
by Mark Lutz
O'Reilly & Associates
If you can read German, try:
Das Python-Buch
by Martin von Loewis and Nils Fischbeck
Addison-Wesley-Longman, 1997
Copyright issues
Python is COPYRIGHTED but free to use for all. See the full copyright
notice at the end of this file and in the file Misc/COPYRIGHT.
The Python distribution is *not* affected by the GNU Public Licence
(GPL). There are interfaces to some GNU code but these are entirely
optional and no GNU code is distributed with Python.
Build instructions
Before you can build Python, you must first configure it.
Fortunately, the configuration and build process has been streamlined
for most Unix installations, so all you have to do is type a few
commands, optionally edit one file, and sit back. There are some
platforms where things are not quite as smooth; see the platform
specific notes below. If you want to build for multiple platforms
sharing the same source tree, see the section on VPATH below.
You start by running the script "./configure", which figures out your
system configuration and creates several Makefiles. (It takes a
minute or two -- please be patient!) When it's done, you are ready to
run make. You may want to pass options to the configure script -- see
the section below on configuration options and variables.
To build Python, you normally type "make" in the toplevel directory.
This will recursively run make in each of the subdirectories Parser,
Objects, Python and Modules, creating a library file in each one. The
executable of the interpreter is built in the Modules subdirectory and
moved up here when it is built. If you want or need to, you can also
chdir into each subdirectory in turn and run make there manually (do
the Modules subdirectory last!).
Once you have built an interpreter, see the subsections below on
testing, configuring additional modules, and installation. If you run
in trouble, see the next section.
See also the platform specific notes in the next section.
If recursive makes fail, try invoking make as "make MAKE=make".
If you run into other trouble, see section 3 of the FAQ
(http://grail.cnri.reston.va.us/cgi-bin/faqw.py or
http://www.python.org/doc/FAQ.html) for hints on what can go wrong,
and how to fix it.
If you rerun the configure script with different options, remove all
object files by running "make clean" before rebuilding. Believe it or
not, "make clean" sometimes helps to clean up other inexplicable
problems as well. Try it before sending in a bug report!
If the configure script fails or doesn't seem to find things that
should be there, inspect the config.log file. When you fix a
configure problem, be sure to remove config.cache!
If you get a warning for every file about the -Olimit option being no
longer supported, you can ignore it. There's no foolproof way to know
whether this option is needed; all I can do is test whether it is
accepted without error. On some systems, e.g. older SGI compilers, it
is essential for performance (specifically when compiling ceval.c,
which has more basic blocks than the default limit of 1000). If the
warning bothers you, edit the Makefile to remove "-Olimit 1500" from
the OPT variable.
Platform specific notes
(Some of these may no longer apply. If you find you can build Python
on these platforms without the special directions mentioned here, let
me know so I can remove them!)
64-bit platforms: The modules audioop, imageop and rgbimg don't work.
Don't try to enable them in the Modules/Setup file. They
contain code that is quite wordsize sensitive. (If you have a
fix, let me know!)
Solaris: When using Sun's C compiler with threads, at least on Solaris
2.5.1, you need to add the "-mt" compiler option (the simplest
way is probably to specify the compiler with this option as
the "CC" environment variable when running the configure
Linux: On Linux version 1.x, once you've built Python, use it to run
the regen script in the Lib/linux1 directory. Apparently
the files as distributed don't match the system headers on
some Linux versions. (The "h2py" command refers to
Tools/scripts/h2py.py.) The modules distributed for Linux 2.x
should be okay. Shared library support now works by default
on ELF-based x86 Linux systems. (Note: when you change the
status of a module from static to shared, you must remove its
.o file or do a "make clean".)
Under RedHat Linux 5.0, if upgraded from a previous version,
remove the LinuxThreads packages. This is needed because
LinuxThreads conflicts with the new thread support provided by
glibc. Before running Python's configure script, use the
following commands as root (version numbers may differ; these
are from a stock 4.2 install):
% rpm -qa | grep ^linuxthread
% rpm -e linuxthreads linuxthreads-devel
While Python only needs this to be done to allow thread
support to be included, the conflicts these packages create
with the new glibc may cause other packages which use threads
to fail as well, so their removal is a good idea regardless of
how you configure python.
Also under RedHat Linux 5.0, the crypt module now needs the
-lcrypt option. Uncomment this flag in Modules/Setup, or
comment out the crypt module in the same file.
DEC Unix: When enabling threads, use --with-dec-threads, not
AIX: A complete overhaul of the shared library support is now in
place. See Misc/AIX-NOTES for some notes on how it's done.
WARNING! In some versions of AIX, you get errors about
Invalid Indent when running the Python test set. This appears
to be a bug in the AIX compiler. Rebuild Parser/tokenizer.c
using OPT="" or OPT=-g, or use gcc. According to the latest
reports, it seems this compiler bug is still present in 4.2.1.
Minix: When using ack, use "CC=cc AR=aal RANLIB=: ./configure"!
SCO: 1) Everything works much better if you add -U__STDC__ to the
defs. This is because all the SCO header files are broken.
Anything that isn't mentioned in the C standard is
conditionally excluded when __STDC__ is defined.
2) Due to the U.S. export restrictions, SCO broke the crypt
stuff out into a separate library, libcrypt_i.a so the LIBS
needed be set to:
LIBS=' -lsocket -lcrypt_i'
3) According to at least one report, the above apply only to
SCO 3 -- Python builds out of the box on SCO 5.
SunOS 4.x: When using the standard "cc" compiler, certain modules may
not be compilable because they use non-K&R syntax. You should
be able to get a basic Python interpreter by commenting out
such modules in the Modules/Setup file, but I really recommend
using gcc.
When using the SunPro C compiler, you may want to use the
'-Xa' option instead of '-Xc', to enable some needed non-ANSI
NeXT: To build fat binaries, use the --with-next-archs switch
described below.
QNX: Chris Herborth (firstname.lastname@example.com) writes:
configure works best if you use GNU bash; a port is available on
ftp.qnx.com in /usr/free. I used the following process to build,
test and install Python 1.5 under QNX:
1) SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash CC=cc CFLAGS=-5 -O RANLIB=: \
bash ./configure --verbose --without-gcc --with-libm=""
2) copy Modules/Setup.in to Modules/Setup; edit Modules/Setup to
activate everything that makes sense for your system... tested
here at QNX with the following modules:
regex reop pcre posix signal readline array cmath math strop
struct time operator _locale fcntl pwd grp crypt select socket
errno termios audioop imageop rgbimg md5 timing rotor syslog
new gdbm soundex binascii parser cStringIO cPickle zlib
3) SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash make SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash
4) SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash make SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash test
The socket, strftime and possibly gdbm tests might fail in the
test harness; going through them by hand shows that they work.
A good exercise for the reader: make these work "out of the box".
5) SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash make SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash install
If you get SIGSEGVs while running Python (I haven't yet, but I've
only run small programs and the test cases), you're probably running
out of stack; the default 32k could be a little tight. To increase
the stack size, edit the Makefile in the Modules directory to read:
LDFLAGS = -N 48k
Cray T3E: Konrad Hinsen writes:
1) Don't use gcc. It compiles Python/graminit.c into something that
the Cray assembler doesn't like. Cray's cc seems to work fine.
2) Uncomment modules md5 (won't compile) and audioop (will crash
the interpreter during the test suite).
If you run the test suite, two tests will fail (rotate and binascii),
but these are not the modules you'd expect to need on a Cray.
SGI: SGI's standard "make" utility (/bin/make or /usr/bin/make)
does not check whether a command actually changed the file it
is supposed to build. This means that whenever you say "make"
it will redo the link step. The remedy is to use SGI's much
smarter "smake " utility (/usr/sbin/smake), or GNU make. If
you set the first line of the Makefile to #!/usr/sbin/smake
smake will be invoked by make (likewise for GNU make).
OS/2: If you are running Warp3 or Warp4 and have IBM's VisualAge C/C++
compiler installed, just change into the pc\os2vacpp directory
and type NMAKE. Threading and sockets are supported by default
in the resulting binaries of PYTHON15.DLL and PYTHON.EXE.
Configuring additional built-in modules
You can configure the interpreter to contain fewer or more built-in
modules by editing the file Modules/Setup. This file is initially
copied (when the toplevel Makefile makes Modules/Makefile for the
first time) from Setup.in; if it does not exist yet, make a copy
yourself. Never edit Setup.in -- always edit Setup. Read the
comments in the file for information on what kind of edits you can
make. When you have edited Setup, Makefile and config.c in Modules
will automatically be rebuilt the next time you run make in the
toplevel directory. (When working inside the Modules directory, use
"make Makefile; make".)
The default collection of modules should build on any Unix system, but
many optional modules should work on all modern Unices (e.g. try dbm,
nis, termios, timing, syslog, curses, new, soundex, parser). Often
the quickest way to determine whether a particular module works or not
is to see if it will build: enable it in Setup, then if you get
compilation or link errors, disable it -- you're missing support.
On SGI IRIX, there are modules that interface to many SGI specific
system libraries, e.g. the GL library and the audio hardware.
For SunOS and Solaris, enable module "sunaudiodev" to support the
audio device.
In addition to the file Setup, you can also edit the file Setup.local.
(the makesetup script processes both). You may find it more
convenient to edit Setup.local and leave Setup alone. Then, when
installing a new Python version, you can copy your old Setup.local
Setting the optimization/debugging options
If you want or need to change the optimization/debugging options for
the C compiler, assign to the OPT variable on the toplevel make
command; e.g. "make OPT=-g" will build a debugging version of Python
on most platforms. The default is OPT=-O; a value for OPT in the
environment when the configure script is run overrides this default
(likewise for CC; and the initial value for LIBS is used as the base
set of libraries to link with).
To test the interpreter that you have just built, type "make test".
This runs the test set twice (once with no compiled files, once with
the compiled files left by the previous test run). The test set
produces some output. You can generally ignore the messages about
skipped tests due to an optional feature that can't be imported (if
you want to test those modules, edit Modules/Setup to configure them).
If a messages is printed about a failed test or a traceback or core
dump is produced, something's wrong. On some systems, test_strftime
fails due to a non-standard implementation of strftime() in the C
library. This can be ignored (or you can complain to your vendor).
IMPORTANT: If the tests fail and you decide to mail a bug report,
*don't* include the output of "make test". It is useless. Run the
test that fails manually, as follows:
python ../Lib/test/test_whatever.py
(substituting the top of the source tree for .. if you built in a
different directory). This runs the test in verbose mode.
To install the Python binary, library modules, shared library modules
(see below), include files, configuration files, and the manual page,
just type
make install
This will install all platform-independent files in subdirectories the
directory given with the --prefix option to configure or the 'prefix'
Make variable (default /usr/local), and all binary and other
platform-specific files in subdirectories if the directory given by
--exec-prefix or the 'exec_prefix' Make variable (defaults to the
--prefix directory).
All subdirectories created will have Python's version number in their
name, e.g. the library modules are installed in
"/usr/local/lib/python1.5/" by default. The Python binary is
installed as "python1.5" and a hard link named "python" is created.
The only file not installed with a version number in its name is the
manual page, installed as "/usr/local/man/man1/python.1" by default.
If you have a previous installation of a pre-1.5 Python that you don't
want to replace yet, use
make altinstall
This installs the same set of files as "make install" except it
doesn't create the hard link to "python1.5" named "python" and it
doesn't install the manual page at all.
The only thing you may have to install manually is the Python mode for
Emacs. (But then again, more recent versions of Emacs may already
have it!) This is the file Misc/python-mode.el; follow the
instructions that came with Emacs for installation of site specific
Configuration options and variables
Some special cases are handled by passing options to the configure
WARNING: if you rerun the configure script with different options, you
must run "make clean" before rebuilding. Exceptions to this rule:
after changing --prefix or --exec-prefix, all you need to do is remove
--with(out)-gcc: The configure script uses gcc (the GNU C compiler) if
it finds it. If you don't want this, or if this compiler is
installed but broken on your platform, pass the option
--without-gcc. You can also pass "CC=cc" (or whatever the
name of the proper C compiler is) in the environment, but the
advantage of using --without-gcc is that this option is
remembered by the config.status script for its --recheck
--prefix, --exec-prefix: If you want to install the binaries and the
Python library somewhere else than in /usr/local/{bin,lib},
you can pass the option --prefix=DIRECTORY; the interpreter
binary will be installed as DIRECTORY/bin/python and the
library files as DIRECTORY/lib/python/*. If you pass
--exec-prefix=DIRECTORY (as well) this overrides the
installation prefix for architecture-dependent files (like the
interpreter binary). Note that --prefix=DIRECTORY also
affects the default module search path (sys.path), when
Modules/config.c is compiled. Passing make the option
prefix=DIRECTORY (and/or exec_prefix=DIRECTORY) overrides the
prefix set at configuration time; this may be more convenient
than re-running the configure script if you change your mind
about the install prefix...
--with-readline: This option is no longer supported. To use GNU
readline, enable module "readline" in the Modules/Setup file.
--with-thread: On most Unix systems, you can now use multiple threads.
To enable this, pass --with-thread. (--with-threads is an
alias.) If the library required for threads lives in a
peculiar place, you can use --with-thread=DIRECTORY. NOTE:
you must also enable the thread module by uncommenting it in
the Modules/Setup file. (Threads aren't enabled automatically
because there are run-time penalties when support for them is
compiled in even if you don't use them.) IMPORTANT: run "make
clean" after changing (either enabling or disabling) this
option! Note: for DEC Unix use --with-dec-threads instead.
--with-sgi-dl: On SGI IRIX 4, dynamic loading of extension modules is
supported by the "dl" library by Jack Jansen, which is
ftp'able from ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload/dl-1.6.tar.Z.
This is enabled (after you've ftp'ed and compiled the dl
library!) by passing --with-sgi-dl=DIRECTORY where DIRECTORY
is the absolute pathname of the dl library. (Don't bother on
IRIX 5, it already has dynamic linking using SunOS style
shared libraries.) Support for this feature is deprecated.
--with-dl-dld: Dynamic loading of modules is rumoured to be supported
on some other systems: VAX (Ultrix), Sun3 (SunOS 3.4), Sequent
Symmetry (Dynix), and Atari ST. This is done using a
combination of the GNU dynamic loading package
(ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload/dl-dld-1.1.tar.Z) and an
emulation of the SGI dl library mentioned above (the emulation
can be found at
ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload/dld-3.2.3.tar.Z). To
enable this, ftp and compile both libraries, then call the
configure passing it the option
--with-dl-dld=DL_DIRECTORY,DLD_DIRECTORY where DL_DIRECTORY is
the absolute pathname of the dl emulation library and
DLD_DIRECTORY is the absolute pathname of the GNU dld library.
(Don't bother on SunOS 4 or 5, they already have dynamic
linking using shared libraries.) Support for this feature is
--with-libm, --with-libc: It is possible to specify alternative
versions for the Math library (default -lm) and the C library
(default the empty string) using the options
--with-libm=STRING and --with-libc=STRING, respectively. E.g.
if your system requires that you pass -lc_s to the C compiler
to use the shared C library, you can pass --with-libc=-lc_s.
These libraries are passed after all other libraries, the C
library last.
--with-next-archs='arch1 arch2': Under NEXTSTEP, this will build
all compiled binaries with the architectures listed. Includes
correctly setting the target architecture specific resource
directory. (This option is not supported on other platforms.)
--with-libs='libs': Add 'libs' to the LIBS that the python
linked against.
Building for multiple architectures (using the VPATH feature)
If your file system is shared between multiple architectures, it
usually is not necessary to make copies of the sources for each
architecture you want to support. If the make program supports the
VPATH feature, you can create an empty build directory for each
architecture, and in each directory run the configure script (on the
appropriate machine with the appropriate options). This creates the
necessary subdirectories and the Makefiles therein. The Makefiles
contain a line VPATH=... which points to directory containing the
actual sources. (On SGI systems, use "smake -J1" instead of "make" if
you use VPATH -- don't try gnumake.)
For example, the following is all you need to build a minimal Python
in /usr/tmp/python (assuming ~guido/src/python is the toplevel
directory and you want to build in /usr/tmp/python):
$ mkdir /usr/tmp/python
$ cd /usr/tmp/python
$ ~guido/src/python/configure
$ make
Note that Modules/Makefile copies the original Setup file to the build
directory if it finds no Setup file there. This means that you can
edit the Setup file for each architecture independently. For this
reason, subsequent changes to the original Setup file are not tracked
automatically, as they might overwrite local changes. To force a copy
of a changed original Setup file, delete the target Setup file. (The
makesetup script supports multiple input files, so if you want to be
fancy you can change the rules to create an empty Setup.local if it
doesn't exist and run it with arguments $(srcdir)/Setup Setup.local;
however this assumes that you only need to add modules.)
Building on non-UNIX systems
Building Python for a PC is now a piece of cake!
Enter the directory "PC" and read the file "readme.txt". Most popular
non-Unix PC platforms and compilers are supported (Unix ports to the
PC such as Linux, FreeBSD or Solaris-x86 of course use the standard
Unix build instructions).
For the Mac, a separate source distribution will be made available,
for use with the CodeWarrior compiler. If you are interested in Mac
development, join the PythonMac Special Interest Group
(http://www.python.org/sigs/pythonmac-sig/, or send email to
Of course, there are also binary distributions available for these
platforms -- see http://www.python.org/python/.
To port Python to a new non-UNIX system, you will have to fake the
effect of running the configure script manually (for Mac and PC, this
has already been done for you). A good start is to copy the file
config.h.in to config.h and edit the latter to reflect the actual
configuration of your system. Most symbols must simply be defined as
1 only if the corresponding feature is present and can be left alone
otherwise; however RETSIGTYPE must always be defined, either as int or
as void, and the *_t type symbols must be defined as some variant of
int if they need to be defined at all.
Miscellaneous issues
All documentation is provided in the subdirectory Doc in the form of
LaTeX files. In order of importance for new users: Tutorial (tut),
Library Reference (lib), Language Reference (ref), Extending (ext).
Especially the Library Reference is of immense value since much of
Python's power (including the built-in data types and functions!) is
described here.
To print the documentation from the LaTeX files, chdir into the Doc
subdirectory, type "make" (let's hope you have LaTeX installed!), and
send the four resulting PostScript files (tut.ps, lib.ps, ref.ps, and
ext.ps) to the printer. See the README file there. If you don't have
LaTeX, you can ftp the PostScript files from the ftp archives (see
All documentation is also available on-line via the Python web site
(http://www.python.org/, see below). It can also be downloaded
separately from the ftp archives (see below) in Emacs INFO, HTML or
PostScript form -- see the web site or the FAQ
(http://grail.cnri.reston.va.us/cgi-bin/faqw.py or
http://www.python.org/doc/FAQ.html) for more info.
Emacs mode
There's an excellent Emacs editing mode for Python code; see the file
Misc/python-mode.el. Originally written by the famous Tim Peters, it
is now maintained by the equally famous Barry Warsaw
<email@example.com>. The latest version is online at
ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/emacs/python-mode.el. As you might expect of
Barry (and even if you don't know what the heck I'm talking about :-),
a configuration file for his cc-mode.el which selects the style used
throughout most Python C source files is also provided; see the file
Web site
Python's own web site has URL http://www.python.org/. Come visit us!
There are a number of mirrors, listed on the home page -- try a mirror
that's close you you.
Ftp site
Python's own ftp site is ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/python/. There are
numerous mirrors; see http://www.python.org/python/Mirrors.html for a
list of mirror sites.
Newsgroup and mailing list
There are a newsgroup and a mailing list devoted to Python. The
newsgroup, comp.lang.python, contains exactly the same messages as the
mailing list (though not always in the same order, due to the
mysterious nature of the Usenet news distribution algorithm). To
subscribe to the mailing list, send mail containing your real name and
e-mail address to "firstname.lastname@example.com". Use the same address
if you want to unsibscribed. (A real person reads these messages, so
no LISTPROC or Majordomo commands, please, and please be patient --
normal turn-around time is about one working day.)
The Python web site contains a search form that lets you search the
newsgroup archives (and the web site itself). Click on the "search"
link in the banner menu on any page of http://www.python.org/.
Bug reports
Bugs are best reported to the comp.lang.python newsgroup or the Python
mailing list -- see the section "Newsgroup and mailing list" above.
Before posting, check the newsgroup archives (see above) to see if
your bug has already been reported! If you don't want to go public,
send them to me: <firstname.lastname@example.com>.
For help, if you can't find it in the manuals or on the web site, it's
best to post to the comp.lang.python or the Python mailing list (see
above). If you specifically don't want to involve the newsgroup or
mailing list, send questions to <firstname.lastname@example.com> (a group of
volunteers which does *not* include me). Because of my work and email
volume, I'm often be slow in answering questions sent to me directly;
I prefer to answer questions posted to the newsgroup.
The Tk interface
Tk (the user interface component of John Ousterhout's Tcl language) is
also usable from Python. Since this requires that you first build and
install Tcl/Tk, the Tk interface is not enabled by default. Python
supports all Tcl/Tk versions from version 7.5/4.1 through 8.0 (and it
is expected that it will also work with newer versions). Tcl/Tk
7.4/4.0 is no longer supported. 8.0 or any later non-alpha non-beta
release is recommended.
See http://sunscript.sun.com/ for more info on Tcl/Tk, including the
on-line manual pages.
To enable the Python/Tk interface, once you've built and installed
Tcl/Tk, load the file Modules/Setup in your favorite text editor and
search for the string "_tkinter". Then follow the instructions found
there. If you have installed Tcl/Tk or X11 in unusual places, you
will have to edit the first line to fix or add -I and -L options.
(Also see the general instructions at the top of that file.)
There is little documentation on how to use Tkinter; however most of
the Tk manual pages apply quite straightforwardly. Begin with
fetching the "Tk Lifesaver" document,
e.g. ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/python/doc/tkinter-doc.tar.gz (a gzipped
tar file containing a PostScript file) or the on-line version
http://www.python.org/doc/life-preserver/index.html. Reading the
Tkinter.py source will reveal most details on how Tkinter calls are
translated into Tcl code.
A more recent introduction to Tkinter programming, by Fredrik Lundh,
is at http://www.pythonware.com/library/tkinter/introduction/index.htm.
There are demos in the Demo/tkinter directory, in the subdirectories
guido, matt and www (the matt and guido subdirectories have been
overhauled to use more recent Tkinter coding conventions).
Note that there's a Python module called "Tkinter" (capital T) which
lives in Lib/tkinter/Tkinter.py, and a C module called "_tkinter"
(lower case t and leading underscore) which lives in
Modules/_tkinter.c. Demos and normal Tk applications only import the
Python Tkinter module -- only the latter uses the C _tkinter module
directly. In order to find the C _tkinter module, it must be compiled
and linked into the Python interpreter -- the _tkinter line in the
Setup file does this. In order to find the Python Tkinter module,
sys.path must be set correctly -- the TKPATH assignment in the Setup
file takes care of this, but only if you install Python properly
("make install libinstall"). (You can also use dynamic loading for
the C _tkinter module, in which case you must manually fix up sys.path
or set $PYTHONPATH for the Python Tkinter module.)
Distribution structure
Most subdirectories have their own README file. Most files have
Demo/ Demonstration scripts, modules and programs
Doc/ Documentation (LaTeX sources)
Grammar/ Input for the parser generator
Include/ Public header files
Lib/ Python library modules
Makefile.in Source from which config.status creates Makefile
Misc/ Miscellaneous useful files
Modules/ Implementation of most built-in modules
Objects/ Implementation of most built-in object types
PC/ PC porting files (DOS, Windows, OS/2)
PCbuild/ Directory where you should build for Windows NT/95
Parser/ The parser and tokenizer and their input handling
Python/ The "compiler" and interpreter
README The file you're reading now
Tools/ Some useful programs written in Python
acconfig.h Additional input for the autoheader program
config.h.in Source from which config.status creates config.h
configure Configuration shell script (GNU autoconf output)
configure.in Configuration specification (GNU autoconf input)
install-sh Shell script used to install files
The following files will (may) be created in the toplevel directory by
the configuration and build processes:
Makefile Build rules
config.cache cache of configuration variables
config.h Configuration header
config.log Log from last configure run
config.status Status from last run of configure script
libpython1.5.a The library archive
python The executable interpreter
tags, TAGS Tags files for vi and Emacs
Author's address
Guido van Rossum
1895 Preston White Drive
Reston, VA 20191
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com
Copyright notice
The Python source is copyrighted, but you can freely use and copy it
as long as you don't change or remove the copyright notice:
Copyright 1991-1995 by Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam,
The Netherlands.
All Rights Reserved
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
supporting documentation, and that the names of Stichting Mathematisch
Centrum or CWI or Corporation for National Research Initiatives or
CNRI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
distribution of the software without specific, written prior
While CWI is the initial source for this software, a modified version
is made available by the Corporation for National Research Initiatives
(CNRI) at the Internet address ftp://ftp.python.org.
--Guido van Rossum (home page: http://www.python.org/~guido/)


text:
Credit: © Steve Granitz/WireImage
Britney Spears (Aug 28th, 2011)
Britney Spears wears her signature blonde locks in a simple wavy hairstyle.
Styling Tip
Step 1: Distribute a dollop of mousse onto damp hair. Blow dry two-inch sections with a round brush while turning the brush several times to add subtle roundness to the length.
Step 2: Spritz a two-inch section with styling spray and starting a few inches away from scalp, loosely wrap it around a large curling iron. Hold for a few seconds and then release and repeat, alternating directions until all hair is wavy.
Step 3: Run your fingers through your hair to break up the sections. Mist with hairspray for all-day hold

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Power of Independent Thinking
Jonathan Bean on the History of Racial Segregation
Recorded: Thursday, January 12, 2012
Research Fellow Jonathan Bean engages with John Stossel of Fox Business Networks Stossel on positive market influences toward racial integration in America.
Experts: Jonathan BeanType: TelevisionIssues: Business, Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Culture/ Society, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Political Ideology and Philosophy, Politics, Race Issues
Is U.S. Justice Broken?
Recorded: Thursday, December 9, 2010
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
From fingerprinting to criminal sentencing, from lawyer licensing to judicial selection, and from eminent domain to wealth transfers via class-action lawsuits, how do perverse incentives impact the law and what reforms would create a more just and efficient legal system?
Experts: David D. Friedman, Alex Kozinski, Edward J. López, David J. TherouxType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Crime, Criminal Justice/ Prisons, Law Enforcement


text: Home Politics Your Take: Free Speech Works Both Ways Pat Buchanan is free to be racist, but he's not exempt from the consequences, says Rashad Robinson. By: Rashad Robinson Posted: March 11 2012 12:21 AM 0 Alex Wong/Getty Images As an 8-year-old, I wanted to be a U.S. senator when I grew up. My parents were proud but warned me that it would be an uphill battle; there weren't any black people in the Senate, and I would have to work extra hard to overcome prejudice. I remember thinking that my parents weren't up on the times -- the world had changed. But when David Duke ran for Senate just a few years later, I questioned whether our country had really changed. How could anyone take someone like Duke, the former leader of the Ku Klux Klan, seriously on important political issues? I remember feeling confused and uncertain about my own future. My sense of unease about giving racist views a national television platform -- and the implication that those views represent a legitimate viewpoint worthy of public discourse -- was most recently stirred when Pat Buchanan started his book tour for Suicide of a Superpower with an appearance on the white nationalist radio show The Political Cesspool. The campaign that followed pushed MSNBC to cut its ties with the controversial commentator. Late last month, Buchanan appeared on Fox News to repeat his accusation that organizations like the Anti-Defamation League, Human Rights Campaign and my own organization, ColorOfChange, had stifled his right to free speech. Nothing could be further from the truth. Freedom of speech allows ColorOfChange to raise the voices of our members -- black people and our allies of all races -- on the issues we identify as important. The right to free speech is exactly what allows ColorOfChange and other organizations like ours to speak out and organize to hold the government, corporations and public figures accountable. It is what allows us to bring the voices of everyday people forward in important debates so that they can be heard, even as the voices of the wealthy and powerful may attempt to drown them out. Buchanan was not just voicing his support for the flat tax or opposition to affirmative action -- issues over which we would argue eagerly and passionately. Rather, Buchanan used his public platform to claim that slavery benefited black Americans and that "black folks" have trouble getting taxis in New York City because cab drivers know that they are likely to be murdered if they pick up a person of color at night. Buchanan is entitled to his opinions (even if a reasonable person would consider those views to be extreme and bigoted), just as those of us who represent America's rich diversity are entitled to speak out when broadcasted speech crosses the line into pure racism. Furthermore, news organizations are entitled to -- and have a responsibility to -- value constructive political debate over prejudiced ranting and fire someone who doesn't meet their standards. MSNBC took a brave and principled stand in deciding to cut ties with Buchanan. Throughout the controversy around Buchanan's firing, we've heard commentators such as Joe Scarborough state that although they do not agree with his opinions, they are worthy of debate. The truth is, though, that they are not. There is no value in debating the concept of racism. It is simply intolerable for our country to accept hate speech under the pretext of legitimate political commentary. Through the Internet and social media, the Pat Buchanans and David Dukes of the world will continue to speak loudly, but we shouldn't have to sit quietly while mainstream media legitimize their views with a public platform. The media has a responsibility to air a diverse set of views. What they don't have is a responsibility to send messages fueled by intolerance, prejudice and racism into our homes. Black youths should be encouraged to dream about a future in the Senate -- just like any other dreamers, regardless of their race, gender, religion, nationality or sexual orientation. All Americans have a responsibility to voice our dissent when we see history repeating itself. Rashad Robinson is executive director of ColorOfChange. With more than 800,000 members, ColorOfChange is the largest online black civil rights organization. Like The Root on Facebook. Follow us on Twitter. Get what we're watching delivered to your inbox everyday! Sign up for our daily video newsletter below. Page 1 of 2 NEXT PAGE > Powered by Livefyre 0


text:
May 5, 2016
Very mild weather conditions will continue across our area for Tuesday. Patchy dense fog will develop over much of the area overnight as winds become calm. The fog will likely linger into mid-morning Tuesday before burning off by the afternoon. Skies will become mostly sunny with highs into the lower 70s. The mild weather will continue into midweek with a slight risk for showers on Wednesday afternoon.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
ORANGE PARK, Fla. - Northbound traffic on Blanding Boulevard was closed for hours Friday night after what the Florida Highway Patrol described as an erratic driver caused multiple car crashes, sending himself and six other people to local hospitals.
According to troopers, 22-year-old Bryant Copney, of Middleburg, was driving south when he tried to go around another car at the corner of Blanding and Jefferson Avenue, but struck the vehicle and overturned -- ejecting Copney onto the sidewalk. His car continued to roll, entering the northbound lanes of Blanding and struck an SUV.
Copney was transported to Shands Jacksonville Medical Center with life-threatening injuries. The driver and passenger of the first car were not injured, but the driver and her 6-year-old daughter in the SUV were transported to Orange Park Medical Center with minor injuries.
The FHP said Investigation revealed that Copney's Mazda was involved in two additional crashes on Blanding Boulevard just prior to this wreck. Those crashes were at the intersection of Wells Road and Parkridge Avenue.
The FHP said four people were transported from the previous accident scenes, none with life-threatening injuries.
There was a report of related accidents at Blanding and Kingsley and a motorcycle struck near College Avenue, but the FHP report did not give details.
Northbound traffic on Blanding was completely shut down from just after 9 p.m. until after midnight. Southbound traffic was slow, restricted to one lane, during the same time.
Copyright 2013 by News4Jax.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text:
Denver Founder Institute graduate, iGivefirst enables news readers to donate to important causes with the click of a button. Much like the ubiquitous share buttons, iGivefirst places a "Give button" at the top of online news stories with allowing readers to donate to causes like natural disasters and other crises.
Inspired by the Haitian earthquake in 2010, iGivefirst founder, Sharif Youssef felt compelled to aid affected victims, but wanted to have a better idea of where his money was going. Instead of giving to a large charity like the Red Cross, the Give button links to non-profits that relate to the page's content and the user's location. Hence, if you are reading a story about a family that lost their home, using the Give button enables concerned readers to help with that specific cause.
With a successful trial in Denver, Youssef now plans to tackle the country's top 10 media sites: "What we're doing today is we're talking to the top media publishers in the United States," Youssef said. "If we get one of the big guys signed on, the rest will jump on."
To learn more about iGivefirst, read the full article on Built in Denver.
iGivefirst is a graduate of the Denver Founder Institute, which is currently accepting applications for the Spring Semester. If you could benefit from expert training and feedback to launch a startup in Denver, click here to apply today. Those who apply by this Sunday will have all application fees waived and are eligible for Founder Institute Fellowships.
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text:
FORT WAYNE, Ind. (www.incnow.tv) - Spring is in full bloom, and unfortunately if you have allergies, so is everything else. The first to bloom and pollinate are the trees. Tree pollen is beginning to float through the air, making life a little more difficult if you're allergic. Jason Meyers talks to an allergist about making the best of Spring when you're living with allergies.
For more information on this story, go to Parkview Health, for more information.
To track your eating habits, go to Live Healthy, for more information.
Check out real time weather with Indiana's NewsCenter Skyview Network.
Stay up to date, subscribe to the Local & Regional RSS Feed. Click to find out about RSS.
What are your thoughts on this story? CLICK HERE to leave us "Your 2 Cents."
What are your thoughts CLICK HERE to leave us a "QUESTION OF THE DAY" comment.
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© Copyright 2015, A Granite Broadcasting Station. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Financial matters for the State are handled by the Bankruptcy and Tax Divisions.
The Bankruptcy Division represents state agencies in bankruptcy courts across the country. Specifically, it represents the state's interest by filing proofs of claims and administrative claims in bankruptcy cases where a state entity is owed a debt. The division also collects penalties and other debts owed to state departments and agencies.
The Tax Division represents the Department of Revenue in all matters related to collecting taxes. It represents a wide variety of other agencies including the Board of Professional Responsibility, the Board of Law Examiners, the Commission on Continuing Legal Education, the Tennessee Regulatory Authority, the Tennessee Consolidated Retirement System, and many of the regulatory boards of the Department of Commerce and Insurance.


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this wiki
The AT-400 is a jet airliner in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas.
DescriptionBased on the Boeing 737-400 commercial jet, the AT-400's enormous size and sluggish response makes the plane harder to control, similar to the Andromada. Nevertheless, the AT-400 can reach impressively high speeds in the air and can in fact be used to execute stunts, including barrel rolls and loop-the-loops. Caution should be exercised when the plane is on the ground; it easily gains a lot of momentum and can be difficult to bring it to a stop once it gets going.
A primary disadvantage of this plane is once the player lands and exits, getting back in is difficult because the door is very high from the ground. The only ways one can get back in are to find a Baggage with a ladder attached to the back, land the plane at Las Venturas Airport and go to the hangar again, or find a Yankee or other van and jump over it, using its bonnet as a platform.
Unlike most other planes, the AT-400 can be flown over Area 69 with less chance of being shot down by homing missiles, providing you don't hang around. It can withstand between 8 to 11 hits from the SAM site before blowing up and falling from the sky.
As a controllable vehicle, the plane is considerably rare, appearing in only one location; a large hangar in Las Venturas Airport, when the player approaches from the south. Regardless, the plane does not always spawn in the hangar.
Like other planes, the AT-400 can also be seen flying in the sky, used for paid commercial flights between cities in San Andreas.
- The AT-400 is the largest vehicle in the game, capable of holding 7 passengers and the pilot, the Andromada being the second largest. Interestingly enough, when comparing their real life counterparts the cargo plane (Andromada) is actually bigger than the passenger jet (AT-400).
- The AT-400's initials resemble that of the Air Train, a similarly sized airliner that repeatedly appears as a static prop earlier in GTA III and GTA Vice City. The full name of the AT-400 may be "Airtrain 400", suggesting it is the successor or newer version of the Airtrain.
- Instead of appearing as a passenger, the player is shown to be piloting the plane; he can jump out with a parachute at any time during the flight.
- Certain modifications, like the "Fly Mod" and the "Anti-Material Rifle", can knock an AT-400 out of the sky, but it is still difficult even with these in effect.
- There is no way the AT-400 can be saved at a garage, since the aircraft hangar at Verdant Meadows is too small for the plane to fit; obviously, normal garages at safehouses are far too small.
- If you shoot the AT-400 from the sky, it will roll around exploding but when it explodes properly, it will stay in mid-air but destroyed.
- It can reach speeds so fast that it may hit objects before they appear. For example, if you are flying in a heavily forested area, you may hit trees before you can see them, causing death.
- Although Juank Air provides the AT-400 flights between cities, the plane itself does not feature Juank Air livery or even a black-and-yellow paintjob. Instead, it appears in an array of different colors.
- If an airborne AT-400 is destroyed and its wreckage lands on the ground, it may still try to "fly", ensuing in a conflict between the plane's AI and the game trying to process the fact that the plane has crashed, as seen in this video. Many players call this phenomena the 'Zombie Plane' or the 'Plane with no soul'.
- Commercial airliners featuring similar wings and engine configuration to a 737 were seen in multiple trailers for Grand Theft Auto V, yet they could just be un-interactive parts of the scenery, like other airliners in previous games besides San Andreas. Still, with the return of airplanes in V, it's not out of question that they might be pilotable this time around.


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Iyanla Vanzant isn't just the woman who offers support to people in trouble on her new OWN show "Iyanla: Fix My Life," debuting September 15 at 10 p.m. with Evelyn Lozada. (A second follow-up show with Lozada airs on September 22 at 10 p.m.) The author/teacher/healer knows of what she speaks – having overcome domestic violence, her son's incarceration, her daughter's death, losing her home and a divorce. Vanzant even humbled herself on national television in one of the most gripping Oprah episodes ever, where she apologized to the media mogul for not being ready for her first opportunity. Fortunately, Oprah can forgive; a concept that is central to Vanzant's new show. She didn't hesitate making the most of her second chance. Vanzant's already starred on "Lifeclass" with Oprah and this new show will continue in that healing vein.
"Iyanla: Fix My Life's" first guest, controversial reality star Evelyn Lozada, became even more controversial after accusing her soon to be ex-husband, former NFL star Chad Johnson of domestic abuse. Here's what Vanzant had to say about Oprah, Lozada and what to expect on her new show.
Blackamericaweb.com: Tell us a little bit about the new show.
Iyanla Vanzant: Our formula is very simple. We look at whatever the problem is and explore some of the possible causes for whatever the problem is and we offer a solution and then support the guest in enacting the solution. We look at real people with real issues and offer practical resolution – skills, tools and information that will bring them to evolution or at least the possibility of solution. What's often missed in the reality genre is that we look at dysfunction and issues as entertainment and there's no resolution.
Blackamericaweb.com: How is this different from your last reality TV show "Starting Over?"
Iyanla Vanzant: It's similar in the sense that we deal with individual real life challenges. The distinction here is that I go to the people and in "Starting Over" they came to me. I'm actually going to the people's house, in their home, in their environment and I think that is safer for them and it makes me the vulnerable party because I'm the one coming in. It also creates a great intimacy. You kind of appreciate when someone comes to help you.
Blackamericaweb.com: What kinds of problems are you dealing with on the show and are you focusing on women only?
Iyanla Vanzant: Eight to eighty, blind, crippled and trying not to be crazy! (Laughs). It's the challenges that we all face in life. On our premiere show, I'm working with Evelyn Lozada before there were any problems in her marriage. Nobody is immune. We all have challenges. Money, fame, fortune and a big house doesn't make you immune to the challenges or the blessings of life. What we look at is her, because she is the one that reached out and I went to support her. I'm sure there are things we talked about that may have a foreshadowing of what [happened later].


text:
Dolomite Watering Can
Act fast! Items with prices ending in $0.99 are final sale.
No longer available
How does your garden grow? With the help of our Dolomite Watering Can, of course. A glazed dolomite finish creates a clean and contemporary design.
Glazed dolomite.
3"w x 4"d x 9.5"h.
Hand clean.


text:
Archived Story
No one knows impact of new regulationsPublished 9:13am Tuesday, August 13, 2013
As an introduction, I believe in God and I also believe that one person can make a difference in this world. I have seen it happen.
It only takes one person to get the ball rolling, and through a faithful following, others can come aboard, and changes can be made.
My purpose here is to offer encouragement to someone who has the time to pursue a cause. And this cause is the Big Sandy Power Plant in Lawrence County, Ky.
There has been a lot of talk lately per what will happen with the power plant that supplies electricity to a great big part of Eastern Kentucky.
Scrubbers have been mentioned and a total shut-down with replacement of our electricity out of northern West Virginia is also a possibility.
In either case, you can be assured it will cost us a bundle. New EPA regulations are due out on June 1, 2015, which Kentucky will need to implement one year later.
At this point in time, no one knows what the new regulations will entail or what course to take.
Thanks to Obama, the June unemployment rate jumped from 10.2 percent a year ago to 11.5 percent in Lawrence County, Ky.
Obama is also bringing the coal industry to its knees, literally and figuratively. Considering, too, how all else of his grandiose plans have faltered, we need to pray for him, for he knows not what he does.
In view of this, I believe the best course for us, in regard to the power plant, would be to leave things exactly as they currently are for the next 10 years.
With this in mind, I would hope, and pray, that someone can take this thought and run with it, for all our sakes.
One person can make a difference. God bless you all.
John F. Enyart
Ashland, Ky.


text:
Visit Japan with Hello Kitty
New York, NY, September 5, 2012: As the country of high technology and efficiency, Japan launches a special Japan tourism application for iPhone. World's most famous feline character Hello Kitty becomes the tour guide on iPhone, presenting local tourist landmarks.
This is the introduction of Japan Tourism Agency's Visit Japan project to promote tourism, and they have finalized the collaboration with SANRIO Co., Ltd., the creator of Hello Kitty to produce Visit Japan with HELLO KITTY, the iPhone app that runs with GPS and the camera functions. The app covers all 47 prefectures of Japan, featuring 53 Hello Kitty characters in special costume representing each prefecture that provides local tourist information. The app's camera function enables users to insert the Hello Kitty in their photos, and post to social network directly from iPhone.
The app is designed to spread the images and experience through digital social media and raise more attention and interest in Japan tourism. The app is available to download for free on the iTunes AppStore by March 31, 2013. Japan Tourism Agency is considering similar promotion collaborations with other international brands originated in Japan.
For more information contact:
Nori Akashi, Public Relations Manager
Information is provided as a courtesy to users of this website. Though the JNTO endeavors to ensure the information is accurate, users of the information are to act on such using their own judgement and at their own risk. Neither the JNTO nor any holder of copyright to the information shall be held responsible in any way whatsoever for any loss or misunderstanding, either direct or indirect, that is incurred as a result of utilizing the information.


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American Standard 3838.Y1CWT.021
Bone Acrylux 38" X 38" Reinforced Acrylic Shower Wall Kit - Both Walls for Corner Installs
Item # BCI727623 | Model # 3838.Y1CWT.021 | Acrylux Collection
We still have product details, accessories, replacement parts and reviews below, scroll down to see them!
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- All hardware required for installation of shower walls is included
- Note: These are the tub or shower walls only - a shower pan and door must be purchased separately to complete the unit
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- Width (Back Panel): 38" (measured left-to-right)
- Back Panel Thickness: 1"
- Height (Side Panel): 72" (measured top-to-bottom)
- Width (Side Panel): 38" (measured left-to-right)
- Side Panel Thickness: 1"
- Integrated Accessories: shelves and footrest
About American Standard:An American brand with over 140 years of innovations, American Standard is defined by experience, intelligence, and indelible influence. As the patriarch for nearly every key product category for the kitchen and bath, their offering shows a level of thoughtfulness and sophistication that could only be attributed to a company with a legacy as rich as that of American Standard. Today, professional plumbers and contemporary DIY home owners continue to turn to American Standard because they appreciate this legacy and know they can trust the innovations behind each product. It is for this reason that American Standard is so widely used within residential and commercial projects in both the United States and abroad - their products truly deliver, just as they have for generations.
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- American Standard 3838.Y1CWT.222*
- American Standard 3838.Y1CWT.020*
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WAYNE COUNTY - The Wayne County Food Pantry Program announces the October 2015 schedule. The Honesdale Area Pantry will be held behind the Tri County Beverage Building on Route 6, 214 Willow Avenue in Honesdale from 10am - 1 pm, on Tuesday October 13, 2015. For an emergency need contact a social services agency.
MILFORD - Middletown Community Health Center, Inc. (MCHC), will present a powerful and provocative film about tick borne disease on Saturday, October 17th, at 1 p.m. at its Milford, PA location at 221 Broad Street. The one hour...
BEACH LAKE - The Old Time Fiddlers will again host their annual fiddle festival on Sunday afternoon, October 18. The event will be held at the Beach Lake Fire Hall, 1033 Beach Lake Hwy, Rt. 652, Beach Lake. Doors will...
It's a good news, bad news kind of day for Halle Berry. CBS has canceled its summer sci-fi drama
Cops with an image problem? No problem! On Sunday's episode of Brooklyn Nine-Nine, Captain...
"Pizza rat" may have a rival — or two.
A Florida man drove a stolen car to police headquarters to pick up court papers related to another stolen car charge,
Imagine if when Brad Pitt opened the box in Se7en, not only would he find his wife's dismembered head, but the...
NEPA Directory
Business Name
Location, ST | website.com


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Marc A. Dall'Era, M.D.
Clinical Interests
Center/Program Affiliation:
4860 Y St., Suite 2200
Sacramento, CA 95817
Driving Directions
Phone: 916-734-2222
UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center
2279 45th Street
Sacramento, CA 95817
Driving Directions
Phone: 916-734-5959
Phone: 800-800--362-5566
Additional Phone:
B.S., UC Davis, Davis, California, 1995
Professional Memberships:
American Urologic Association
Society of Urologic Oncology
Select Recent Publications:
Kim SI, Dall'era MA, Evans CP. Economic analysis of active surveillance for localized prostate cancer. Curr Opin Urol. 2012 May;22(3):247-53.
Dall'Era MA, Cowan JE, Simko J, Shinohara K, Davies B, Konety BR, Meng MV, Perez N, Greene K, Carroll PR. Surgical management after active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer: pathological outcomes compared with men undergoing immediate treatment. BJU Int. 2011 Apr;107(8):1232-7.
Keegan KA, Dall'era MA, Durbin-Johnson B, Evans CP. Active surveillance for prostate cancer compared with immediate treatment: An economic analysis. Cancer. 2011 Dec 16. doi: 10.1002/cncr.26688. [Epub ahead of print]
Wu JN, Dall'Era MA. Active surveillance for localized prostate cancer--current practices and recommendations. ScientificWorldJournal. 2010 Dec 14;10:2352-61.
Marc A. Dall'Era and Peter R. Carroll. Outcomes and Follow-up Strategies for Patients on Active Surveillance: Current Opinion in Urology, Vol.19, Issue 3 pages 258-62. 2009.
Marc A. Dall'Era, Nap Hosang, Badrinath Konety, Janet E. Cowan and Peter R. Carroll. Sociodemographic Predictors of Prostate Cancer Risk Category at Diagnosis: Unique Patterns of Significant and Insignificant Disease. The Journal of Urology, Vol. 181, issue 4 pages 1622-1627. 2009.
Simon L. Conti, Marc Dall'Era, Vincent Fradet, Janet E. Cowan, Jeffery Simko, and Peter R. CArroll. Pathological Outcomes of Candidates for Active Surveillance of Prostate Cancer. The Journal of Urology, Vol. 181, pages 1628-1634. 2009.
Benjamin J. Davies, Marc C. Smaldone, Natalia Sadetsky, Marc Dall'Era and Peter R. Carroll. The Impact of Obesity on Overall and Cancer Specific Survival in Men with Prostate Cancer. The Journal of Urology, Vol. 182, issue 1, Pages 112-7. 2009.
Breyer BN, Greene KL, Dall'Era MA, Davies BJ, Kane CJ. Pelvic lymphadenectomy in prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Diseases, Vol. 11, issue 4. 2008
Dall'Era MA, Konety BR, Cowan JE, Shinohara K, Stauf F, Cooperberg MR, Meng MV, Kane CT, Perez N, Master V, Carroll PR. Active surveillance for the management of prostate cancer in a contemporary cohort. Cancer, Vol. 112 issue 12, pages 2664-70. 2008.
Dall'Era MA and Kane CJ. Watchful waiting versus active surveillance: Appropriate patient selection. Current Urology Reports. 9:211-216, 2008.
Walsh TJ, Dall'Era MA, Croughan MS, Carroll PR, Turek PJ. Prepubertal orchiopexy for cryptorchidism may be associated with lower risk of testicular cancer. J Urol. 178:1440-46, 2007


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Call Us Toll-Free @ 866-539-4278866-539-4278
Hollow Woodworks started in a barn back in 1985 with an aim to provide high quality personalized Name Stools and Name Puzzles. Over time they developed more products like inspirational blocks and engraved bookmarks.
Use the filters to the left or simply scroll down to begin viewing all pages.
Copyright © 2015, Puzzle Warehouse, All rights reserved. St. Louis Jigsaw Puzzles
Puzzle Warehouse recycles everything it can to save the environment and to keep costs and prices low.


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Massey puts on great play
Bravo to the students of Vincent Massey High School and all who were involved in the production of "My Son Pinocchio." It was a wonderful professional presentation. Thank you very much!
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Latin American Studies - X - Oxford Bibliographies
Zapatista Rebellion in Chiapas
Neil Harvey
Subject: Latin American Studies »
Date Added: 2011-10-28
Zapatista Rebellion in Chiapas Introduction The Zapatista rebellion in Chiapas drew widespread attention to the plight of indigenous peoples i...
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Fireclay Debris Series: Trash Into Tiles
Posted by Emily | Filed under Musings, Sustainability
Would you decorate with tiles that had once been toilets?
It might sound a little off-putting to some, but I find it totally exciting that Fireclay Tile is turning discarded toilets and other porcelain products into beautiful ceramic tiles! Based in San Jose, California, the company works closely with local city recyclers to retrieve porcelain-based products, which are then ground and incorporated into their Debris Series Recycled Ceramic Tile.
In 12 months, they have set aside over 150 tons of porcelain waste. Incorporating this waste into the tiles will bump up the recycled material content from 60 percent to 70 percent. (The tiles also contain material from recycled glass bottles.)
NPR recently did a neat story on the company's porcelain recycling effort. Check out the Fireclay blog for the link and more pictures of the "trash to treasure" process.
Tags: eco-friendly ceramic, fireclay tiles, recycled ceramic, recycled ceramic tile, recycled porcelain


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May 6, 2016
East Carolina's defensive coordinator has been fired by head football coach Ruffin McNeill.
The university today says McNeill decided not to renew Brian Mitchell's contract. Mitchell has been with the Pirates since January 2010 after four years as cornerbacks coach at Texas Tech and 11 seasons as an assistant at Brigham Young.
"There's never a good time to make a coaching change, especially one that involves a friend and colleague who I respect professionally," said McNeill. "However, I have the responsibility and commitment to maintain the best interest for this program and East Carolina University."
McNeill says the search for a new defensive coordinator will begin immediately.
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Rotom (Japanese: ロトム Rotomu) is an Electric/Ghost-type Pokémon. Rotom can transform into various forms which resembles household appliances. In some Pokémon Books it is classified as a Legendary Pokémon.
In the Anime
Rotom first appeared in the episode Get Your Rotom Running! and it was tricking and toying around with Ash and his friends.
In BW130, Professor Oak caught a Rotom after saving it from Team Rocket and healing it.
Rotom does not evolve.
Game Info
Rotom is a Generation IV Pokémon, first appearing in the Pokémon Diamond and Pearl games. With the release of Pokémon Platinum, Rotom was given the ability to transform into 5 other forms with the aid of a special item. In Generation V, to change Rotom's form, you need to go to the basement of Shopping Mall Nine and interact with one of the many boxes of electronics, and choose a form. You will be asked to allow Rotom to forget a move and learn a move the type of the form it takes.
|Old Chateau (night)
|Old Chateau (night)
|Route 15 (Trade a Ditto)
Side Game Locations
|Explorers of Time & Explorers of Darkness
|Midnight Forest (B10F-B20F)
Pokédex Entries
Base stats
Normal form
Attack: 50 Defense: 77 Sp Atk: 95 Sp Def: 77 Speed: 91
Other forms
HP: 50 Attack: 65 Defense: 107 Sp Atk: 105 Sp Def: 107 Speed: 86
Learn sets
Level Up
- Base Thundershock
- Base Thunder Wave
- Base Confuse Ray
- Base Trick
- Base Astonish
- Level 8 Uproar
- Level 15 Double Team
- Level 22 Shock Wave
- Level 29 Ominous Wind
- Level 36 Substitute
- Level 43 Charge
- Level 50 Discharge
- TM06 Toxic
- TM10 Hidden Power
- TM11 Sunny Day
- TM16 Light Screen
- TM17 Protect
- TM18 Rain Dance
- TM21 Frustration
- TM24 Thunderbolt
- TM25 Thunder
- TM27 Return
- TM30 Shadow Ball
- TM32 Double Team
- TM33 Reflect
- TM34 Shock Wave
- TM42 Facade
- TM43 Secret Power
- TM44 Rest
- TM46 Thief
- TM49 Snatch
- TM57 Charge Beam
- TM58 Endure
- TM61 Will-O-Wisp
- TM70 Flash
- TM73 Thunder Wave
- TM77 Psych Up
- TM79 Dark Pulse
- TM82 Sleep Talk
- TM83 Natural Gift
- TM85 Dream Eater
- TM87 Swagger
- TM90 Substitute
Other Formes
- Wash Rotom (washing machine)
- Heat Rotom (oven)
- Mow Rotom (lawnmower)
- Frost Rotom (refrigerator)
- Fan Rotom (fan)
Forme Exclusive Attacks
- Wash Rotom - Hydro Pump
- Heat Rotom - Overheat
- Mow Rotom - Leaf Storm
- Frost Rotom - Blizzard
- Fan Rotom - Air Slash
- The Secret Key, which is obtained in a Nintendo Wi-Fi event, looks a lot like Rotom, minus the "arms".
- Rotom is one of three Ghost-types whose color isn't in the black or purple category which means it has no purple or black colorations. The others are Shedinja (brown) and Froslass (white).
- Rotom is the second Pokémon with the most forms, if you exclude Unown. Deoxys comes next, followed by Castform.
- Strangely, whenever Rotom makes its special sound in the manga, it actually sounds like a motor.
- Rotom's name could be a combination of rotor and phantom, which is another word for ghost.
- Rotom's name is also the word "motor" spelled in reverse, a likely reference to its ability to possess machines through their motor.
- Rotom is the 3rd Pokemon to have its name be a word reversed. The first two are Arbok and Ekans.
- In a lot of Frost Rotom's artwork, it is pictured frowning when all the others are smiling.
- Next to the type-changes when it takes other forms, its eyes and the plasma around it change color too (Frost-purple, Fan-orange, Mow-green, Wash-blue, Heat-red).
- Rotom is the only Pokémon that is Electric/Ghost-type.
- Rotom's new forms are only available in Platinum, HeartGold and SoulSilver and Black and White versions. When traded to any other versions, it automatically reverts to its original form.
- Rotom changes its forms in a similar fashion to Deoxys in the Generation IV games.
- Rotom is the only Pokémon with the ability to change its form by will that must possess another object in order to do so. Castform, Deoxys, Giratina and Shaymin actually transform their bodies. However, Burmy is similar to Rotom in that it merely changes its surrounding cover.
- Rotom is the only Pokémon whose alternate forms have a different base stat total than that of the original form. Other Pokémon with alternate forms may have different distributions, however.
- In Pokémon Battle Revolution, its "arms" are almost clear and are tinted a gentle blue.
- Fan Rotom is the only form with a special move whose base power isn't over 100.
- Before the Generation V games, many of Rotom's Formes were the only Pokémon that could learn their special attacks, but weren't that attack's type.
- As of the official Japanese tournament held in 2008, all of Rotom forms have been banned from official tournaments. This is due to the special status of the alternate forms as event-exclusive Pokémon.
- Rotom's origin comes from a species of Obake, which are objects that become animate when reaching their 100th year of existence, and a Bakemono, which is referring to a state of transformation or shape-shifting.
- Rotom changes type when it transforms. ( Only in Generation V+ )
- In Pokémon Black and White, when it changes to Fan Rotom, it becomes a Flying type, which is immune to Ground type attacks, and yet it still has the ability Levitate, making the ability useless.
- Rotom is the only Electric-type Pokémon with multiple forms.
- However Arceus also has multiple forms and can be Electric.
- Rotom is rumoured to be the cousin of Sinnoh's legendary trio, possibly because of these reasons: They all have the ability Levitate, they all can fly, The Trio is Legendary while Rotom is considered Semi-Legendary, and Rotom is very Smart much like Uxie, and is very brave much like Azelf.
- Rotom has símilar ability to Castform even he doesn't has the ability Forecast he able to change his type.
It may be based on a Poltergeist or related to the phrase "ghost in the machine". As Banette originated from a castaway doll, Rotom may have originated from a toy robot.
Name Origin
Pokemon Platinum reveals Charon named Rotom. Rotom's name is actually the word "motor," spelled backwards, due to the fact that all of the household appliances it can turn into have motors. It is one of the few Pokémon that is an actual word spelled backwards.
- Pokémon.com Pokédex
- Serebii.net Pokédex data
- Legendary Pokémon data
- The Pokémon Database
- Pokémon Dream Pokédex data
- Psypokes Psydex data


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LOL Anything you can improve... you're funny. That is a really nice map!
I guess if I were to really, and I mean really, get nitpicky I would say the hashing on the ocean needs to be reduced.
Typically that style of hashing only goes a short distance off the coast it doesn't fill the body of water.
As for the rest of the map.... I'll have to look really close at the whole thing since there is nothing that jumps out at me.


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Summer of Code 2008 Project Ideas
From Joomla! Documentation
This page contains a list of project proposal ideas from the Joomla! Project (community members). The mentoring organization has written down a non-exhaustive list of project ideas to guide the students into selecting a suitable idea.
This list will be updated on a regular basis. Feel free to post any other ideas into into the Google Summer of Code 2008 Forum Area or use the Google Summer of Code mail list (don't forget to register in the forum and list before you post).
We would kindly ask you not to add new projects here unless you are one of the project mentors. Please discuss these on the list/forum mentioned above.
Code 01000 Article Versioning Code 01010 Multi-site implementation Code 01020 Whiteboard component Code 01030 Image Manager improvements Code 01040 Create a forms component/extension Code 01050 Export and Import Tools Code 01060 Searching Improvements Code 01070 Tagging for various content-types Code 01080 User Registration and Management
Code 02000 MultiDB support Code 02010 Create an PHP API for using mootools.
Code 03000 Code 03010
Code 04000 Deploy Triplify for Joomla! v 1.5, Semantic Web Code 04010 Semantic Web: Linked Data
Unit testing
Code 05000
Code 06000 Comments; threaded and not threaded, support for various content-types, not just articles Code 06010 SEF URL Plugins Code 06020 Create a plugin for TinyMCE that makes it easy for end users to choose which add-ons they want without hacking the core
Inter-Project Projects
Code 08001 Civicrm integration
Code 07000 Multi-lingual support Code 07010 Error Page Handling Code 07020 Data Portability Code 07030 Facebook Integration Code 07040 Create an download extension for Joomla! Code 07050 Create an extension to register Joomla! tasks/projects