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Big Windy (Great Escape Restaurant Turbine) | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Big Windy (Great Escape Restaurant Turbine) Big Windy (Great Escape Restaurant Turbine) Jump to: navigation, search Name Big Windy (Great Escape Restaurant Turbine) Facility Big Windy (Great Escape Restaurant Turbine) Sector Wind energy Facility Type Community Wind Facility Status In Service Owner Great Escape Restaurant Location Schiller Park IL Coordinates 41.95547°, -87.865193° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.95547,"lon":-87.865193,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
The Great Gas Hydrate Escape
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Great Gas Great Gas Hydrate Escape The Great Gas Hydrate Escape Computer simulations revealing how methane and hydrogen pack into gas hydrates could enlighten alternative fuel production and carbon dioxide storage January 25, 2012 | Tags: Carver, Chemistry, Energy Technologies, Hopper, Materials Science PNNL Contact: Mary Beckman , +1 509 375-3688, email@example.com NERSC Contact: Linda Vu, +1 510 495 2402, email@example.com The methane trapped in frozen water burns easily, creating ice on fire. For some time, researchers have explored flammable ice for low-carbon or alternative fuel or as a place to store carbon dioxide. Now, a computer analysis of the ice and gas compound, known as a gas hydrate, reveals key details of its structure. The results show that hydrates can hold hydrogen
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Pages that link to "Big Windy (Great Escape Restaurant Turbine...
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Quick-find list Argonne | Continental | Mixed Menu | Burgers & Dogs | Pizza | Chicken | Seafood | Italian Mexican | Breakfast | Sandwiches | Asian | Other/Ethnic | BBQ | Brew Pubs | 24-Hour | Dinner/Movie updated 12/11/2013 Argonne Cafeteria (ANL access only) Bldg. 213 Argonne Guest House Bldg. 460 630-739-6000 401 Grill Bldg. 401 CONTINENTAL 2100 Blue (Renaissance Hotel) 2100 Spring Road, Oak Brook 630-573-2800 The Clubhouse Restaurant 298 Oak Brook Center, Oak Brook 630-472-9322 J. Alexander's 1410 W. 16th., Oak Brook 630-573-8180 The Flame 803 Joliet Rd., Countryside 708-352-3442 MIXED MENU Baker's Square 7409 Rt. 83, Hinsdale 630-986-9330 Baker's Square 2020 W. 75th St., Woodridge 630-241-0609 Bar Louie 619 E Boughton Rd #A, Bolingbrook 630-410-7100
Composting with My Wiggly Friends - or, The Great Escape That Never
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Composting with My Wiggly Friends - or, The Great Escape That Never Composting with My Wiggly Friends - or, The Great Escape That Never Happened Composting with My Wiggly Friends - or, The Great Escape That Never Happened April 6, 2010 - 7:30am Addthis John Lippert It's hard for many of us of the "me" generation to think about being careful and conserving energy, even when it directly affects our pocketbooks. We leave the lights and television on when there's no one in the room, despite the fact that this specific action-or lack of action-increases our electricity consumption, raising our next electric bill. How much harder is it for us to take steps that may benefit our community, or society, but that are harder to discern how they affect us economically? My wife, Jane, and I have been composting for more than a dozen years.
The model electric restaurant
SciTech Connect
Restaurants are the most intensive users of energy of all types of commercial buildings. As a result, they have some of the highest energy costs. New and existing restaurants are important customers to electric utilities. Many opportunities exist to use electricity to improve restaurant energy performance. This report discusses a project in which computer simulations were used to investigate restaurant energy subsystem performance and to assess the potential for electric equipment to reduce energy consumption, reduce peak demand improve load factors, and reduce energy cost in new all-electric restaurants. The project investigated typical restaurant designs for all-electric and gas/electric facilities and compared them to high efficiency electric options in all-electric restaurants. This analysis determined which investiments in high-efficiency electric equipment are attractive for restaurant operators. Improved equipment for food preparation, heating and cooling, ventilation, sanitation, and lighting subsystem was studied in cafeteria, full menu, fast food, and pizza restaurants in Atlanta, Cleveland, Los Angeles, and Phoenix. In addition to the actual rate structures, four synthetic rate structures were used to calculate energy costs, so that the results can be applied to other locations. The results indicate that high efficiency and improved all-electric equipment have the potential for significantly reducing energy consumption, peak demand, and operating costs in almost all restaurants in all locations. The all-electric restaurants, with a combination of improved equipment, also offer the customer a competitive choice in fuels in most locations. 12 refs., 26 figs., 55 tabs.
Frey, D.J.; Oatman, P.A. (Architectural Energy Corp., Boulder, CO (USA)); Claar, C.N. (Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (USA))
Restaurant resources | ENERGY STAR
Restaurant resources Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial...
Are Restaurants Really Supersizing America?
E-Print Network (OSTI)
total effect of eating at restaurants on BMI for the averageThe Effect of Fast Food Restaurants on Obesity. " AmericanHaley. 2007. "Sacramento Restaurants May Be Forced to Serve
Anderson, Michael L.; Matsa, David A.
Restaurant Fire Houston Texas 2000
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Houston Fast Food Restaurant Fire, Texas, 2000. On February 14, 2000, a fire in a one story restaurant in Texas claimed the lives of two firefighters. ...
Starting in December 1987, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and Southern California Edison (SCE) initiated a project with the Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) to study the energy performance of restaurants. Penn State formed the Restaurant Subsystems Technology (REST) project team to conduct the Model Restaurant Project. For the first phase of the project, the REST team was charged with the responsibility of identifying and investigating electric technologies to improve energy efficiency and to reduce peak demand in new restaurants. Energy and economic analyses were performed to determine whether these electric technologies are competitive with existing technologies in gas/electric restaurants and whether they are improvements to current technologies in all-electric restaurants. Technologies for heating and cooling, lighting, sanitation, food preparation, ventilation, and refrigeration were studied. This report contains detailed monthly information about the restaurants that were simulated. The results are presented on a monthly basis so the reader can study performance during all seasons. However, this second volume is not a stand alone'' document. To fully understand the information presented here, the reader must have a copy of Volume 1 and be familiar with the terminology used to describe the various restaurants and the process used to analyze the buildings.
Argonne area restaurants
area restaurants area restaurants Amber Cafe 13 N. Cass Ave. Westmont, IL 60559 630-515-8080 www.ambercafe.net Argonne Guest House Building 460 Argonne, IL 60439 630-739-6000 www.anlgh.org Ballydoyle Irish Pub & Restaurant 5157 Main Street Downers Grove, IL 60515 630-969-0600 www.ballydoylepub.com Bd's Mongolian Grill The Promenade Shopping Center Boughton Rd. & I-355 Bolingbrook, IL 60440 630-972-0450 www.gomongo.com Branmor's American Grill 300 Veterans Parkway Bolingbrook, IL 60440 630-226-9926 www.branmors.com Buca di Beppo 90 Yorktown Convenience Center Lombard, IL 60148 630-932-7673 www.bucadibeppo.com California Pizza Kitchen 551 Oakbrook Center Oak Brook, IL 60523 630-571-7800 www.cpk.com Capri Ristorante 5101 Main Street Downers Grove, IL 60516 630-241-0695 www.capriristorante.com Carrabba's Italian Grill
Are Restaurants Really Supersizing America? *
Regulating specific inputs into health and safety production functions is unlikely to be effective when optimizing consumers can compensate along other margins. This paper examines the implications of this principle in the context of economic policies targeted at reducing obesity. Well-established cross-sectional and time-series correlations between average body weight and eating out have convinced many researchers and policymakers that restaurants are a leading cause of obesity in the United States. But a basic identification problem challenges these conclusions: do more restaurants cause obesity, or do preferences for greater food consumption lead to an increase in restaurant density? To answer this question, we design a natural experiment in which we exploit exogenous variation in the effective price of restaurants and examine the impact on consumers ' body mass. We use the presence of Interstate Highways in rural areas as an instrument for the supply of restaurants. The instrument strongly predicts restaurant access and frequency of consumption, and robustness tests support its validity. The results find no evidence of a causal link between restaurants and obesity, and the estimates are precise enough to rule out any meaningful effect. Analysis of food intake micro data suggests that although consumers eat larger meals at restaurants than at home (even after accounting for selection), they offset these calories at other times of day. We conclude that public health policies targeting restaurants are unlikely to reduce obesity but could negatively affect consumer welfare.
Michael Anderson; David A. Matsa
Better Buildings Neighborhood Program: Lowell, Massachusetts, Restaurant
Restaurant Exceeds Energy Savings Expectations to someone by Restaurant Exceeds Energy Savings Expectations to someone by E-mail Share Better Buildings Neighborhood Program: Lowell, Massachusetts, Restaurant Exceeds Energy Savings Expectations on Facebook Tweet about Better Buildings Neighborhood Program: Lowell, Massachusetts, Restaurant Exceeds Energy Savings Expectations on Twitter Bookmark Better Buildings Neighborhood Program: Lowell, Massachusetts, Restaurant Exceeds Energy Savings Expectations on Google Bookmark Better Buildings Neighborhood Program: Lowell, Massachusetts, Restaurant Exceeds Energy Savings Expectations on Delicious Rank Better Buildings Neighborhood Program: Lowell, Massachusetts, Restaurant Exceeds Energy Savings Expectations on Digg Find More places to share Better Buildings Neighborhood Program:
the United States Census ZIP Code Business Patterns. Thesefood") restaurants for every ZIP code in the United States;data are identified by ZIP code and the obesity data are
Waging a Living in Casual Dining Restaurant Chains.
??Through in-depth interviews with 14 restaurant servers who worked in âcasual diningâ restaurant chains, this study explores service work and serversâ perceptions of restaurant culture.… (more)
Bower, Hannah Blythe
Smoke-free ordinances increase restaurant profit and value
Differential Effects on Restaurants, Bars and Taverns. ''between the Massachusetts Restaurant Association and thefree laws hurt the restaurant business, the marketplace
Alamar, B C; Glantz, Stanton A. Ph.D.
Customer Perceptions of Restaurant Cleanliness: A Cross Cultural Study.
??What is a clean restaurant in customersâ viewpoints? Restaurant cleanliness is considered one of the most significant conditions when customers evaluate overall restaurant quality or… (more)
Yoo, Seung Ah
Energy Savings for Quick Service Restaurants
Journal article describing PNNL's work to accomplish a 50% reduction in energy use for quick service restaurants.
Zhang, Jian; Schrock, D. W.; Livchak, A.; Liu, Bing
PREP: project on restaurant energy performance
The goals, selection criteria, and methodology of the project to measure energy consumption in restaurants are described.
Mazzucchi, R.P.
Sensory study in restaurant interior design.
??According to five senses, sight, smell, taste, hearing, and haptic, sight receives the most attention in restaurant interior design; however, the other senses are significant… (more)
Yu, Xue
Restaurant Hygiene Inspections and Online Reviews
Restaurant hygiene inspections are often cited as a success story of public disclosure. Hygiene grades influence customer decisions and serve as an accountability system for restaurants. However, cities (which are responsible for inspections) have limited resources to dispatch inspectors, which in turn limits the number of inspections that can be performed. We argue that NLP can be used to improve the effectiveness of inspections by allowing cities to target restaurants that are most likely to have a hygiene violation. In this work, we report the first empirical study demonstrating the utility of review analysis for predicting restaurant inspection results. 1
Jun Seok Kang; Yejin Choi; Polina Kuznetsova; Michael Luca; Jun Seok; Kang Polina; Kuznetsova Yejin Choi; Michael Luca
Independent Restaurant Employee Job Satisfaction in College Towns.
??The current study begins to close a gap in the restaurant industry literature that fails to recognize the independently operated restaurants as a viable resource… (more)
Dupnock, Lisa M.
Customer satisfaction of dining experience in Malaysian malay restaurants.
??The subject of this Ph.D. thesis is Customer Satisfaction in Malaysian Malay Restaurants Dining Experience. The research was conducted in three Malay family restaurants in… (more)
Ismail, S.
Market analysis of Nepalese restaurant in South Ostrobothnia.
??The objective of thesis was market analysis for establish of Nepalese restaurant in south Ostrobothnia. The aim of this study was to analysis. Nepalese restaurant… (more)
Karki, Navaraj
General Restaurant Equipment: Order (2013-CE-5344)
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
DOE ordered General Restaurant Equipment Co. to pay a $8,000 civil penalty after finding General Restaurant Equipment had failed to certify that certain models of walk-in cooler and freezer components comply with the applicable energy conservation standards.
Accurately determining the escape rate from a planet's atmosphere is critical for determining its evolution. A large amount of Cassini data is now available for Titan's upper atmosphere and a wealth of data is expected within the next decade on escape from Pluto, Mars, and extra-solar planets. Escape can be driven by upward thermal conduction of energy deposited well below the exobase, as well as by nonthermal processes produced by energy deposited in the exobase region. Recent applications of a model for escape driven by upward thermal conduction, called the slow hydrodynamic escape model, have resulted in surprisingly large loss rates for the atmosphere of Titan, Saturn's largest moon. Based on a molecular kinetic simulation of the exobase region, these rates appear to be orders of magnitude too large. Therefore, the slow hydrodynamic model is evaluated here. It is shown that such a model cannot give a reliable description of the atmospheric temperature profile unless it is coupled to a molecular kinetic description of the exobase region. Therefore, the present escape rates for Titan and Pluto must be re-evaluated using the atmospheric model described here.
Johnson, Robert E., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Engineering Physics, Thornton Hall B102, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902 (United States); Physics Department, New York University, New York, NY 10003 (United States)
PREP--Project on restaurant energy performance
PNL (Pacific Northwest Laboratories) has provided Penn State University with funds to design and perform the PREP (Project on Restaurant Energy Performance) for the DOE. Major goals, and criteria for restaurant selection, are listed. All restaurants were in the Philadelphia-Washington-Williamsburg area to reduce climactic effects. Each piece of heating and cooling equipment was metered. This split energy usage into comfort and process, and also facilitated computer analysis. Every 15 minutes, 24 hours a day, for thirty months, pulses sent to the I/O card are recorded. Each day Penn State called each unit to transmit the data to a Cromemco CS-2 computer installed in a location least susceptible to temperature variation at Penn State. At the end of each month the data was sent to the restaurants, to be used as they saw fit. The question of data analysis has not been finalized as of this report.
Claar, C.N.
All-Electric Wendy's Restaurant Demonstration Project
How well can the power needs of a small restaurant be met by an all-electric solution? This demonstration project at a fast-food restaurant investigated the energy and economic performance of a suite of high-efficiency electro-technologies including an all-electric cookline; high efficiency lighting; and heat pumps for water heating, space heating, and cooling. The all-electric concept proved to be competitive with the more conventional gas/electric model.
Body Mass Index, Neighborhood Fast Food and Restaurant Concentration, and Car Ownership
VW. Weight status and restaurant availability: a multilevelL, MacIntyre S. McDonald's restaurants and neighborhoodprevalence of fast food restaurants: state- level analysis.
Inagami, Sanae; Cohen, Deborah A.; Brown, Arleen F.; Asch, Steven M.
Competition and Personality in a Restaurant Entry Game: Is there an Entrepreneurial Personality Type?
34, 1993. [15] Cline Group. Restaurant start-up and growthfail. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly,and Personality in a Restaurant Entry Game Theodore
Bergstrom, Ted C; Sonstelie, Jon C; Parendo, Shane
Escape & Defense I. Interactions with predators
= immunity Crocodile Komodo dragon Anaconda Tortoise #12;3 II. Escaping Predation Optimal escape should
Dever, Jennifer A.
Category:QuickServiceRestaurant | Open Energy Information
QuickServiceRestaurant QuickServiceRestaurant Jump to: navigation, search Go Back to PV Economics By Building Type Media in category "QuickServiceRestaurant" The following 77 files are in this category, out of 77 total. SVQuickServiceRestaurant Albuquerque NM Public Service Co of NM.png SVQuickServiceRestaura... 65 KB SVQuickServiceRestaurant Atlantic City NJ Public Service Elec & Gas Co.png SVQuickServiceRestaura... 64 KB SVQuickServiceRestaurant Baltimore MD Baltimore Gas & Electric Co.png SVQuickServiceRestaura... 67 KB SVQuickServiceRestaurant Bismarck ND Montana-Dakota Utilities Co (North Dakota).png SVQuickServiceRestaura... 72 KB SVQuickServiceRestaurant Boulder CO Public Service Co of Colorado.png SVQuickServiceRestaura... 61 KB SVQuickServiceRestaurant Bridgeport CT Connecticut Light & Power Co.png
Category:FullServiceRestaurant | Open Energy Information
FullServiceRestaurant FullServiceRestaurant Jump to: navigation, search Go Back to PV Economics By Building Type Pages in category "FullServiceRestaurant" This category contains only the following page. O Openei test page Media in category "FullServiceRestaurant" The following 77 files are in this category, out of 77 total. SVFullServiceRestaurant Albuquerque NM Public Service Co of NM.png SVFullServiceRestauran... 66 KB SVFullServiceRestaurant Atlantic City NJ Public Service Elec & Gas Co.png SVFullServiceRestauran... 63 KB SVFullServiceRestaurant Baltimore MD Baltimore Gas & Electric Co.png SVFullServiceRestauran... 69 KB SVFullServiceRestaurant Bismarck ND Montana-Dakota Utilities Co (North Dakota).png SVFullServiceRestauran... 72 KB SVFullServiceRestaurant Boulder CO Public Service Co of Colorado.png
Renovation project for Restaurant No. 1
This document describes the proposed renovation project for the Restaurant in the main building. The total cost of the project will be about 4 000 000 Swiss francs shared between NOVAE and the Organization as explained under item 4. The Finance Committee is invited to approve this project and the proposed funding arrangements.
Sustainability of the top ranked restaurants in France
Since 1973, the Gault-Millau Guide (GM) is publishing each year a ranking of the best restaurants based on "toques". During more than 25 years, on a scale of 20, the best restaurants were awarded 19 or 20 (4 toques), followed by restaurants graded 17 or 18 (3 toques). Out of 1600 restaurants listed in GM in 1974, only 27 (less than 2%) had at least 3 toques. The notation was changed in 2010 to allow 5 and 4 toques to the best restaurants but basically the scale remains equivalent to the previous one. In 2010, out of the 5140 restaurants listed in GM, only 64 were ranked in the top categories (less than 1.3%) (Table 1). The objective of this short note is to review the list of the top ranked restaurants from 1974 to 2010 and examine the sustainability of the grades of these restaurants over time. The migration and default rates are presented for selected years over the period under study. It is shown that these rates are relatively stable over time. 1 Past research on sustainability of restaurants has focused mostly on quantitative factors and bankruptcy rates. Restaurant failures have been attributed to economic and social factors, financial performance, competition and legal restrictions, or even government intervention. 2 Bankruptcy rates are relatively easy to get but are narrow by nature since they do not include change-of-ownership or they do not take into account the organizational life cycle of restaurants.
J. François Outreville
Meeting Dinner at the El Principal Restaurant
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
http://www.lanl.gov/programs/asc/6lab.shtml http://www.lanl.gov/programs/asc/6lab.shtml Wednesday, October 26, 2011 Meeting Dinner at the El Principal Restaurant (time to be announced) Directions from the Hotel Majestic (A) to the El Principal Restaurant (B) ENGINEERING MATERIALS & AT EXTREME CONDITIONS Presentation Title International collaboration on the development and application of proton radiography Frank Merrill LANL Electro--Physical Research Methods for Materials at Extreme Conditions with the Use of Magnetic Generators Andrey V. Ivanovsky VNIIEF Research of Possibility of Radiography in Fast Neutrons by Use of Portable Neutron Generators Dmitriy I. Yurkov VNIIA Dynamic HED Experiments and Theory at the Sandia Z Facility Thomas Mattson SNL New regimes For Supernova--Relevant
Statistics of the Kolkata Paise Restaurant Problem
We study the dynamics of a few stochastic learning strategies for the 'Kolkata Paise Restaurant' problem, where N agents choose among N equally priced but differently ranked restaurants every evening such that each agent tries get to dinner in the best restaurant (each serving only one customer and the rest arriving there going without dinner that evening). We consider the learning strategies to be similar for all the agents and assume that each follow the same probabilistic or stochastic strategy dependent on the information of the past successes in the game. We show that some 'naive' strategies lead to much better utilization of the services than some relatively 'smarter' strategies. We also show that the service utilization fraction as high as 0.80 can result for a stochastic strategy, where each agent sticks to his past choice (independent of success achieved or not; with probability decreasing inversely in the past crowd size). The numerical results for utilization fraction of the services in some limiti...
Ghosh, Asim; Mitra, Manipushpak; Chakrabarti, Bikas K
Energy Use and Energy Efficiency Opportunities in Restaurants
Use and Energy Efficiency Use and Energy Efficiency Opportunities in Restaurants Restaurant Energy Use Restaurants Making a Difference Tripp's Grill & Six Pack: North Bend Pennsylvania - Michael and Susan Tripp opened their 1,400 square-foot restaurant and grill in North Bend, PA in 2002, knowing that restaurants are among the most energy intensive businesses for their size and sales. That is why they purchased new ENERGY STAR qualified freezers to replace older freezers in their restaurant. With this smart purchase, Tripp's Grill & Six Pack is saving more than $1,900 a year in electricity costs due to reducing usage by more than 31,700 kWh, which is also preventing nearly 50,800 pounds of CO 2 emissions. The Reedville Café: Oregon - Reedville Café's growth in the past few years has
Archive Reference Buildings by Building Type: Restaurant | Department of
Restaurant Restaurant Archive Reference Buildings by Building Type: Restaurant Here you will find past versions of the reference buildings for new construction commercial buildings, organized by building type and location. A summary of building types and climate zones is available for reference. Current versions are also available. You can download ZIP files that contain the following: An EnergyPlus software input file (.idf) An html file showing the results from the EnergyPlus simulation (.html) A spreadsheet that summarizes the inputs and results for each location (.xls) The EnergyPlus TMY2 weather file (.epw). benchmark-v1.0_3.0-sit_down_restaurant.zip benchmark-v1.1_3.1-sit_down_restaurant.zip benchmark-new-v1.2_4.0-full_service_restaurant.zip More Documents & Publications
Kolkata Restaurant Problem as a generalised El Farol Bar Problem
Generalisation of the El Farol bar problem to that of many bars here leads to the Kolkata restaurant problem, where the decision to go to any restaurant or not is much simpler (depending on the previous experience of course, as in the El Farol bar problem). This generalised problem can be exactly analysed in some limiting cases discussed here. The fluctuation in the restaurant service can be shown to have precisely an inverse cubic behavior, as widely seen in the stock market fluctuations.
Chakrabarti, Bikas K
The Model Electric Restaurant: Volume 3: Analysis and Design
The Model Electric Restaurant Project was initiated in 1987 to study energy use in restaurants and other types of foodservice facilities. This report describes the second phase of the project, which ultimately involved testing a number of energy-efficient electric concepts in several restaurants in Los Angeles, California, as well as Phoenix and Mesa, Arizona. Field auditing, computer analysis, design, and testing activities revealed the best combination of electric equipment for minimizing site and sour...
Energy Star Guide for Restaurants, Putting Energy into Profit...
STAR Guide for Restaurants Putting Energy into Profit ENERGY STAR , a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency program, helps us all save money and protect our environment through...
Service design for Chinese restaurant management in Finland.
??The main objective of the thesis is focused on understanding the service and operation model of Chinese restaurants in Finland, identifying the gaps between the… (more)
Yang, Yan
SunShine Café: A Breakfast Restaurant Business Plan.
??Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to create a business plan for the SunShine Café. While the commonly known statistic of 90% of restaurants… (more)
Burrow, Lillian I.
ENERGY STAR Guide for Restaurants: Putting Energy into Profits...
manufacturing resources K-12 school resources Multifamily housing resources Restaurant resources Retail resources Senior care resources Small business resources State and...
Kolkata Paise Restaurant Problem in Some Uniform Learning Strategy Limits
We study the dynamics of some uniform learning strategy limits or a probabilistic version of the "Kolkata Paise Restaurant" problem, where N agents choose among N equally priced but differently ranked restaurants every evening such that each agent can get dinner in the best possible ranked restaurant (each serving only one customer and the rest arriving there going without dinner that evening). We consider the learning to be uniform among the agents and assume that each follow the same probabilistic strategy dependent on the information of the past successes in the game. The numerical results for utilization of the restaurants in some limiting cases are analytically examined.
Ghosh, Asim; Chakrabarti, Bikas K
Chinese Women in the Chinese Restaurant: Work and Cultural Identity.
??This master's project explores the lives of Chinese women restaurant workers and owners working in the greater Bangor area. I became involved in this research… (more)
Hardink, Elizabeth Louise
Responses to restaurant menu nutritional labeling in older adults.
?? The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not older adults utilize nutritional information displayed in restaurants to guide their ordering decisions.… (more)
Hillis, Valerie A.
The rise and fall of the occupation of restaurant musicians.
??I examine in this thesis 1) what kind of changes have occurred in the labour relations and terms of employment of restaurant musicians since the… (more)
Nikkonen, Ahti Jorma Ensio
Locavore Exploring the Sustainable Table: A Restaurant in Tobacco Row.
??Locavore is a restaurant centered around the principles of sustainable agriculture: foodthat is organically, humanely, and sustainably raised from farms and cooperatives nofurther than 150… (more)
Oliver, Kathryn Mia
Factors That Lead to Environmentally Sustainable Practices in the Restaurant Industry:a Qualitative Analysis of Two Green Restaurant Innovators.
??ABSTRACT In recent years, more organizations, including restaurants, have concerned themselves with sustainability. As with any new endeavor, guidance is needed. The purpose of this… (more)
Nyheim, Peter
The Model Electric Restaurant: Volume 1: Restaurant Subsystem Analysis and Evaluation
This report, designed to help utilities better serve the restaurant industry, presents conclusions formed following a detailed analysis of energy use in various foodservice establishments and climates. In particular, the report identifies types of high-efficiency electrical equipment that are attractive investments for foodservice clients.
Restaurant Concentration, and Car Ownership Sanae Inagami,body mass index and whether car ownership might moderateRESTAURANT CONCENTRATION, AND CAR OWNERSHIP Quiznos, Little
Restaurant Service Employees Organizational Commitment: Shared Gratuity versus Independent Gratuity Environments.
??This study examined the organizational commitment levels between 207 restaurant service employees from 11 restaurants working in different types of gratuity distribution environments, those sharing… (more)
Roe, Susan J.
Critical success factors in barbecue restaurants: Do operators and patrons agree?.
??The research addresses a gap in the literature regarding the barbecue restaurant industry. Specifically, it examines whether barbecue restaurant operators have a thorough understanding of… (more)
Farrish, John Raymond
The Impact of the 2007 Oklahoma immigration reform act on labor costs in the restaurant industry.
??Restaurant industry is becoming the largest employer of immigrants in the United States, immigration policies are fundamental to the success of the restaurant industry, as… (more)
Zhou, Xun
Strategies in Symmetric Kolkata Restaurant Problem
The Quantum Kolkata restaurant problem is a multiple-choice version of the quantum minority game, where a set of n non-communicating players have to chose between one of m choices. A payoff is granted to the players that make a unique choice. It has previously been shown that shared entanglement and quantum operations can aid the players to coordinate their actions and acquire higher payoffs than is possible with classical randomization. In this paper the initial quantum state is expanded to a family of GHZ-type states and strategies are discussed in terms of possible final outcomes. It is shown that the players individually seek outcomes that maximize the collective good.
Puya Sharif; Hoshang Heydari
Research on Food Allergy Information using Smart Mobile Media Devices to Enhance Communication at Restaurants
Dealing with food allergies in the restaurant industry is becoming important as more customers have needs and restaurants are concerned with corporate social responsibilitiy CSR. This research discusses how to provide information to facilitate the communication ... Keywords: Consumer Communication, Enhanced Restaurant Communication, Food Allergy Information, Restaurant Industry, Smart Mobile Media Devices
Donald L. Amoroso; Mikako Ogawa; Ayaka Tanaka; Keiichi Noda; Ayako Kawai
Property:Building/FloorAreaRestaurants | Open Energy Information
Property Property Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Property:Building/FloorAreaRestaurants Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type Number. Floor area for Restaurants Pages using the property "Building/FloorAreaRestaurants" Showing 13 pages using this property. S Sweden Building 05K0007 + 1,990 + Sweden Building 05K0008 + 300 + Sweden Building 05K0013 + 215 + Sweden Building 05K0038 + 345 + Sweden Building 05K0046 + 200 + Sweden Building 05K0058 + 330 + Sweden Building 05K0060 + 256 + Sweden Building 05K0065 + 520 + Sweden Building 05K0081 + 98 + Sweden Building 05K0089 + 155 + Sweden Building 05K0098 + 170 + Sweden Building 05K0105 + 2,450 + Sweden Building 05K0114 + 400 + Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Property:Building/FloorAreaRestaurants&oldid=285973#SMWResults"
Assessing the Exposure and Health Risks of Secondhand Smoke in Restaurants and Bars by Workers and Patrons & Evaluating the Efficacy of Different Smoking Policies in Beijing Restaurants and Bars
Ban in Minnesota Bars and Restaurants." American Journal ofof second-hand smoke in restaurants and bars in five citiesof second-hand smoke in restaurants and bars in five cities
Liu, Ruiling
The effect of information on product quality: Evidence from restaurant hygiene grade cards. The Quarterly
This study examines the effect of an increase in product quality information to consumers on firms' choices of product quality. In 1998, Los Angeles County introduced hygiene quality grade cards to be displayed in restaurant windows. We show that the grade cards cause (i) restaurant health inspection scores to increase, (ii) consumer demand to become sensitive to changes in restaurants ' hygiene quality, and (iii) the number of foodborne illness hospitalizations to decrease. We also provide evidence that this improvement in health outcomes is not fully explained by consumers substituting from poor hygiene restaurants to good hygiene restaurants. These results imply the grade cards cause restaurants to make hygiene quality improvements.
Ginger Zhe Jin; Phillip Leslie
Getting Buzzed In the Library: Use of Restaurant-Style Pagers for Reserves Checkout in an Academic Library
call for others using restaurant-style pagers in theirIn the Library: Use of Restaurant-Style Pagers for Reservesimplemented use of restaurant-style pagers for checking out
Goodson, Kymberly; Christensen, Marlayna K.; Elliott, Sarah M.; Lowery, Abigail
Chop Suey as Imagined Authentic Chinese Food: The Culinary Identity of Chinese Restaurants in the United States
see Daily News, "Chop Suey Restaurant in Chinatown, Los 20Low&brand=oac. The restaurant was located at 436 Gin The Boom in Chinese Restaurants Begins," Chinese? American
Liu, Haiming
The Effect of Fast Food Restaurants on Obesity
Abstract. We investigate the health consequences of changes in the supply of fast food using the exact geographical location of fast food restaurants. Specifically, we ask how the supply of fast food affects the obesity rates of 3 million school children and the weight gain of over 1 million pregnant women. We find that among 9 th grade children, a fast food restaurant within a tenth of a mile of a school is associated with at least a 5.2 percent increase in obesity rates. There is no discernable effect at.25 miles and at.5 miles. Among pregnant women, models with mother fixed effects indicate that a fast food restaurant within a half mile of her residence results in a 2.5 percent increase in the probability of gaining over 20 kilos. The effect is larger, but less precisely estimated at.1 miles. In contrast, the presence of non-fast food restaurants is uncorrelated with obesity and weight gain. Moreover, proximity to future fast food restaurants is uncorrelated with current obesity and weight gain, conditional on current proximity to fast food. The implied effects of fast-food on caloric intake are at least one order of magnitude smaller for mothers, which suggests that they are less constrained by travel costs than school children. Our results imply that policies restricting access to fast food near schools could
Janet Currie
Alcohol Use among Restaurant Workers: An Examination of the Impact of Work-related Stress and Workplace Culture.
??Despite reports indicating high levels of alcohol use in the restaurant industry, little research has examined alcohol use among restaurant workers in an in depth… (more)
Rocheleau, Gregory Christopher
General Restaurant Equipment: Proposed Penalty (2013-CE-5344) | Department
Proposed Penalty (2013-CE-5344) Proposed Penalty (2013-CE-5344) General Restaurant Equipment: Proposed Penalty (2013-CE-5344) February 21, 2013 DOE alleged in a Notice of Proposed Civil Penalty that General Restaurant Equipment Co. failed to certify a variety of walk-in cooler or freezer components as compliant with the applicable energy conservation standards. DOE regulations require a manufacturer (which includes importers) to submit reports certifying that its products have been tested and meet the applicable energy conservation standards. This civil penalty notice advises the company of the potential penalties and DOE's administrative process, including the company's right to a hearing. General Restaurant Equipment: Proposed Penalty (2013-CE-5344) More Documents & Publications
Queue-length Variations In A Two-Restaurant Problem
This paper attempts to find out numerically the distribution of the queue-length ratio in the context of a model of preferential attachment. Here we consider two restaurants only and a large number of customers (agents) who come to these restaurants. Each day the same number of agents sequentially arrives and decides which restaurant to enter. If all the agents literally follow the crowd then there is no difference between this model and the famous `P\\'olya's Urn' model. But as agents alter their strategies different kind of dynamics of the model is seen. It is seen from numerical results that the existence of a distribution of the fixed points is quite robust and it is also seen that in some cases the variations in the ratio of the queue-lengths follow a power-law.
Chakrabarti, Anindya S
ENERGY STAR Guide for Restaurants: Putting Energy into Profits | ENERGY
Guide for Restaurants: Putting Energy into Profits Guide for Restaurants: Putting Energy into Profits Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In This Section Campaigns Commercial building design Communications resources Energy management guidance Financial resources Portfolio Manager Products and purchasing Recognition Research and reports Service and product provider (SPP) resources Success stories
Solar demonstration project in a fast-food restaurant
Results are given of a two-phase program in which the first phase included the successful use of heat reclamation equipment and energy conservation techniques at a typical fast-food restaurant. The project's second phase involved the engineering, designing, installation and interfacing of a solar collector system at the facility. The report will help to serve as a guide for other restaurants around the state, and possibly the nation, which wish to install energy saving systems, or adopt energy-saving techniques, geared to their special needs and equipment.
McClenahan, D.
Independent Restaurants: An Introduction to Business Characteristics, and Energy-Use and Decision Criteria
While many energy providers are focusing efforts on large restaurant chains, the independent restaurant market, a significant target, is being overlooked. This market represents 65 percent of all restaurant establishments, occupying 50 percent of all quick service and 78 percent of full service establishments. This report examines the environment, motivations, and operational challenges faced by independent restaurant operators and describes their attitudes to energy-related issues. This report is availa...
Analysis for a Fast Food Restaurant: Comparison of Three Fuel Choices
Electricity consumes 75 percent or more of the energy dollar of a typical fast food restaurant. This report describes the results of a computer simulation comparing energy costs for four fast food restaurants in Phoenix, Arizona, with differences only in the fuel used for certain end uses. The all-electric restaurant with high-efficiency equipment proved a cost-competitive alternative to the fossil-fuel-based restaurant in this area.
Minimum Energy Ventilation for Fast Food Restaurant Kitchens
Cooking equipment exhaust systems have a significant impact on the energy consumption of fast food restaurants. This research investigated issues that relate to the energy performance of commercial kitchen ventilation systems and demonstrated that significant energy and cost savings can be achieved by reducing ventilation rates.
Más allá de las Emisiones del Escape
Ms all de las Emisiones del Escape Emisiones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero para los Vehculos Elctricos e Hbridos Elctricos Enchufables Manejar su vehculo puede dar...
www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Restaurant and Bar Owners ' Exposure to Secondhand Smoke and Attitudes Regarding Smoking Bans in Five Chinese Cities
Abstract: Despite the great progress made towards smoke-free environments, only 9 % of countries worldwide mandate smoke-free restaurants and bars. Smoking was generally not regulated in restaurants and bars in China before 2008. This study was designed to examine the public attitudes towards banning smoking in these places in China. A convenience sample of 814 restaurants and bars was selected in five Chinese cities and all owners of these venues were interviewed in person by questionnaire in 2007. Eighty six percent of current nonsmoking subjects had at least one-day exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) at work in the past week. Only 51 % of subjects knew SHS could cause heart disease. Only 17 % and 11 % of subjects supported prohibiting smoking completely in restaurants and in bars, respectively, while their support for restricting smoking to designated areas was much higher. Fifty three percent of subjects were willing to prohibit or restrict smoking in their own venues. Of those unwilling to do so, 82 % thought smokingInt. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8 1521
Ruiling Liu; S. Katharine Hammond; Andrew Hyl; Mark J. Travers; Yan Yang; Yi Nan; Guoze Feng; Qiang Li; Yuan Jiang
Commercial Reference Building: Quick Service Restaurant | OpenEI
Quick Service Restaurant Quick Service Restaurant Dataset Summary Description Commercial reference buildings provide complete descriptions for whole building energy analysis using EnergyPlus simulation software. Included here is data pertaining to the reference building type Quick Service Restaurant for each of the 16 climate zones, and each of three construction categories: new construction, post-1980 construction existing buildings, pre-1980 construction existing buildings.The dataset includes four key components: building summary, zone summary, location summary and a picture. Building summary includes details about: form, fabric, and HVAC. Zone summary includes details such as: area, volume, lighting, and occupants for all types of zones in the building. Location summary includes key building information as it pertains to each climate zone, including: fabric and HVAC details, utility costs, energy end use, and peak energy demand.In total, DOE developed 16 reference building types that represent approximately 70% of commercial buildings in the U.S.; for each type, building models are available for each of the three construction categories. The commercial reference buildings (formerly known as commercial building benchmark models) were developed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), in conjunction with three of its national laboratories.Additional data is available directly from DOE's Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) Website, including EnergyPlus software input files (.idf) and results of the EnergyPlus simulations (.html).
The revised National Electrical Code reg sign for new restaurants
A recent change in the 1990 National Electrical Code{reg sign} now makes it possible for restaurant owners and other foodservice operators to save substantial amounts of money on the electrical systems for any new facilities they build. This report discusses the code change in detail, shows how to apply the new code change effectively, and provides detailed information on the code change process. This report is a user's guide which includes a user's manual, containing all technical details necessary for a full understanding of the new provision in Section 220-36 of the 1990 National Electrical Code{reg sign}. The manual can help utility representatives, food-service consultants, and others determine the size of the electric service entrance and the main electrical panel for a new restaurant. It can also be used to determine if additional electrical loads can be added to an existing restaurant's electric service. Only a calculator is needed to work with the manual. In addition, this report details a cost impact study undertaken by EPRI to estimate likely savings resulting from implementing the new code section. In this study, 60% of the cases averaged savings of $9300 per facility. The report also details steps leading to successful adoption of a code change and the supporting documentation presented in the code change process. 40 figs.
Hart, G.K. (Hart, McMurphy and Parks, Inc., Middleburg, VA (United States)); Claar, C.N. (State College, PA (United States))
Commercial Reference Building: Full Service Restaurant | OpenEI
Full Service Restaurant Full Service Restaurant Dataset Summary Description Commercial reference buildings provide complete descriptions for whole building energy analysis using EnergyPlus simulation software. Included here is data pertaining to the reference building type Full-Service Restaurant for each of the 16 climate zones, and each of three construction categories: new construction, post-1980 construction existing buildings, pre-1980 construction existing buildings.The dataset includes four key components: building summary, zone summary, location summary and a picture. Building summary includes details about: form, fabric, and HVAC. Zone summary includes details such as: area, volume, lighting, and occupants for all types of zones in the building. Location summary includes key building information as it pertains to each climate zone, including: fabric and HVAC details, utility costs, energy end use, and peak energy demand.In total, DOE developed 16 reference building types that represent approximately 70% of commercial buildings in the U.S.; for each type, building models are available for each of the three construction categories. The commercial reference buildings (formerly known as commercial building benchmark models) were developed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), in conjunction with three of its national laboratories.Additional data is available directly from DOE's Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) Website, including EnergyPlus software input files (.idf) and results of the EnergyPlus simulations (.html).
Family-Owned Restaurant Serves Up Huge Energy Savings | Department of
Family-Owned Restaurant Serves Up Huge Energy Savings Family-Owned Restaurant Serves Up Huge Energy Savings Family-Owned Restaurant Serves Up Huge Energy Savings May 8, 2013 - 2:27pm Addthis Energy efficiency upgrades helped the Athenian Corner reduce its operating costs and improved the restaurant's bottom line. | Photo courtesy of BetterBuildings Lowell Energy Upgrade program. Energy efficiency upgrades helped the Athenian Corner reduce its operating costs and improved the restaurant's bottom line. | Photo courtesy of BetterBuildings Lowell Energy Upgrade program. Rebecca Matulka Rebecca Matulka Digital Communications Specialist, Office of Public Affairs What are the key facts? The Athenian Corner, a family-owned restaurant in Lowell, Massachusetts, made energy efficiency upgrades that are saving it more than
Project on restaurant energy performance: end-use monitoring and analysis. Appendixes I and II
This is the second volume of the report, ''The Porject on Restaurant Energy Performance - End-Use Monitoring and Analysis''. The first volume (PNL-5462) contains a summary and analysis of the metered energy performance data collected by the Project on Restaurant Energy Performance (PREP). Appendix I, presented here, contains monitoring site descriptions, measurement plans, and data summaries for the seven restaurants metered for PREP. Appendix II, also in this volume, is a description of the PREP computer system.
Claar, C.N.; Mazzucchi, R.P.; Heidell, J.A.
Pricing Effect of Restaurant Industry Related Factors on Fama French Three Factor Model.
??The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of restaurant industry-related factors on the accuracy and explanatory power of the… (more)
Denizci, Basak
Serving Up Crime: A Social Learning Perspective of Employee Deviance in Restaurants.
??This study sought to examine the relationship between employee deviance within restaurants and the components of social learning theory. The behaviors examined in this research… (more)
Pantaleo, Katherine
Effects of Restaurant Tax and Price Increases: Implications for Managers, Policy Makers, and Lobbyists.
??Legislation has been proposed in Kentucky that would authorize city legislative bodies to levy a tax on restaurant meals of no more than 3%, regardless… (more)
Han, Junghee
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Strategies for and Barriers to Managing Weight When Eating at Restaurants
Suggested citation for this article: Timmerman GM, Earvolino-Ramirez M. Strategies for and barriers to managing weight when eating at restaurants. Prev Chronic
Gayle M. Timmerman; Cns Marie Earvolino-ramirez; Peer Reviewed
An investigation of water usage in casual dining restaurants in Kansas.
??Water is essential for many aspects of daily life including restaurant operations and is necessary for generation and service of properly produced, safe food. However,… (more)
VanSchenkhof, Matthew
Lyman Continuum Escape from Inhomogeneous ISM
We have studied the effects of gas density inhomogeneities on the escape of ionising Lyman continuum (Lyc) photons from Milky Way-type galaxies via 3D numerical simulations using the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code CRASH (Ciardi et al. 2001). To this aim a comparison between a smooth Gaussian distribution (GDD) and an inhomogeneous, fractal one (FDD) has been made with realistic assumptions for the ionising stellar sources based on available data in the solar neighborhood. In both cases the escape fraction f_esc increases with ionisation rate N_gamma (although for the FDD with a flatter slope) and they become equal at N_gamma = 2*10^50 s^-1 where f_esc = 0.11. FDD allows escape fractions of the same order also at lower N_gamma, when Lyc photon escape is sharply suppressed by GDD. Values of the escape fraction as high as 0.6 can be reached (GDD) for N_gamma ~ 9*10^50 s^-1, corresponding to a star formation rate (SFR) of roughly 2 M_o yr^-1; at this ionising luminosity the FDD is less transparent (f_esc ~ 0.28). If high redshift galaxies have gas column densities similar to local ones, are characterized by such high SFRs and by a predominantly smooth (i.e.turbulence free) interstellar medium, our results suggest that they should considerably contribute to - and possibly dominate - the cosmic UV background.
B. Ciardi; S. Bianchi; A. Ferrara
We have studied the effects of gas density inhomogeneities on the escape of ionising Lyman continuum (Lyc) photons from Milky Way-type galaxies via 3D numerical simulations using the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code CRASH (Ciardi et al. 2001). To this aim a comparison between a smooth Gaussian distribution (GDD) and an inhomogeneous, fractal one (FDD) has been made with realistic assumptions for the ionising stellar sources based on available data in the solar neighborhood. In both cases the escape fraction f_esc increases with ionisation rate N_gamma (although for the FDD with a flatter slope) and they become equal at N_gamma = 2*10^50 s^-1 where f_esc = 0.11. FDD allows escape fractions of the same order also at lower N_gamma, when Lyc photon escape is sharply suppressed by GDD. Values of the escape fraction as high as 0.6 can be reached (GDD) for N_gamma ~ 9*10^50 s^-1, corresponding to a star formation rate (SFR) of roughly 2 M_o yr^-1; at this ionising luminosity the FDD is less transparent (f_esc ~ 0...
Ciardi, B; Ferrara, A
The restaurant at the end of the random walk: recent developments in the description of anomalous transport by fractional dynamics.
Metzler, R
Chinese Restaurant Game - Part II: Applications to Wireless Networking, Cloud Computing, and Online Social Networking
In Part I of this two-part paper [1], we proposed a new game, called Chinese restaurant game, to analyze the social learning problem with negative network externality. The best responses of agents in the Chinese restaurant game with imperfect signals are constructed through a recursive method, and the influence of both learning and network externality on the utilities of agents is studied. In Part II of this two-part paper, we illustrate three applications of Chinese restaurant game in wireless networking, cloud computing, and online social networking. For each application, we formulate the corresponding problem as a Chinese restaurant game and analyze how agents learn and make strategic decisions in the problem. The proposed method is compared with four common-sense methods in terms of agents' utilities and the overall system performance through simulations. We find that the proposed Chinese restaurant game theoretic approach indeed helps agents make better decisions and improves the overall system performan...
Wang, Chih-Yu; Liu, K J Ray
Three-player quantum Kolkata restaurant problem under decoherence
Effect of quantum decoherence in a three-player quantum Kolkata restaurant problem is investigated using tripartite entangled qutrit states. Amplitude damping, depolarizing, phase damping, trit-phase flip and phase flip channels are considered to analyze the behaviour of players payoffs. It is seen that Alice's payoff is heavily influenced by the amplitude damping channel as compared to the depolarizing and flipping channels. However, for higher level of decoherence, Alice's payoff is strongly affected by depolarizing noise. Whereas the behaviour of phase damping channel is symmetrical around 50 % decoherence. It is also seen that for maximum decoherence (p=1), the influence of amplitude damping channel dominates over depolarizing and flipping channels. Whereas, phase damping channel has no effect on the Alice's payoff. Therefore, the problem becomes noiseless one at maximum decoherence in case of phase damping channel. Furthermore, the Nash equilibrium of the problem does not change under decoherence.
Ramzan, M
M. Ramzan
Technical Support Document: 50% Energy Savings for Quick-Service Restaurants
Document describing PNNL's project to develop a package of energy efficiency measures that demonstrate the feasibility of achieving a 50% energy savings for quick-service restaurants with a simple payback of 5 years or less.
Zhang, Jian; Schrock, D. W.; Fisher, D. R.; Livchak, A.; Zabrowski, D. A.; Athalye, Rahul A.; Liu, Bing
Geothermal HVAC System Performance in a Quick Service Restaurant: Field Experience From McDonald's Demonstration
This report summarizes the monitored results from a geothermal heat pump system installed at a new McDonald's restaurant in Westland, Michigan, a suburb 23 miles west of Detroit.
Good grief, i can speak it! Preliminary experiments in audio restaurant reviews
In this paper, we introduce a new envisioned application for speech which allows users to enter restaurant reviews orally via their mobile device, and, at a later time, update a shared and growing database of consumer-provided ...
Polifroni, Joseph
Passive solar renovations to the Common Ground Community Restaurant. Final report
The passive solar and energy conserving renovations to the Common Ground Community Restaurant were funded primarily as a demonstration project under this program. The majority of work accomplished was (1) design and construction of a passive solar greenhouse on the existing second floor porch of the restaurant, and (2) the design and construction of energy conserving improvements to the interior of the building, consisting largely of renovating the walls and ceiling to provide an insulated space with a substantially reduced heat load.
Not Available
The e¤ect of fast food restaurants on obesity and weight gain
We investigate how changes in the supply of fast food restaurants affect weight outcomes of 3 million children and 3 million pregnant women. Among ninth graders, a fast food restaurant within 0.1 miles of a school results in a 5.2 percent increase in obesity rates. Among pregnant women, a fast-food restaurant within 0.5 miles of residence results in a 1.6 percent increase in the probability of gaining over 20 kilos. The implied effects on caloric intake are one order of magnitude larger for children than for mothers, consistent with smaller travel cost for adults. Non-fast food restaurants and future fast-food restaurants are uncorrelated with weight outcomes. (JEL I12, J13, J16, L83) In the public debate over obesity it is often assumed the widespread availability of fast food restaurants is an important determinant of obesity rates. Policy makers in several cities have responded by restricting the availability or content of fast food, or by requiring posting of the caloric content of the meals (Julie Samia Mair, Matthew
Janet Currie; Stefano Dellavigna; Enrico Moretti; Vikram Pathania
RESEARCH SARS-CoV Infection in a Restaurant from Palm Civet
Epidemiologic investigations showed that 2 of 4 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) identified in the winter of 2003–2004 were a waitress at a restaurant in Guangzhou, China, that served palm civets as food and a customer who ate in the restaurant a short distance from animal cages. All 6 palm civets at the restaurant were positive for SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Partial spike (S) gene sequences of SARS-CoV from the 2 patients were identical to 4 of 5 S gene viral sequences from palm civets. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SARS-CoV from palm civets in the restaurant was most closely related to animal isolates. SARS cases at the restaurant were the result of recent interspecies transfer from the putative palm civet reservoir, and not the result of continued circulation of SARS-CoV in the human population. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic emerged in 2003 in 6 municipalities in the Pearl River delta region in Guangdong, China. Early casepatients were more likely to be persons with occupational exposure to animals, such as animal sellers or restaurant cooks (1,2). Tracing the source of infection has been complicated, given the sporadic nature of index cases without a clear history of contact with animals. After the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the end of the SARS epidemic, 4 new cases of SARS were reported from
Ming Wang; Meiying Yan; Huifang Xu; Weili Liang; Biao Kan; Bojian Zheng; Honglin Chen; Han Zheng; Yanmei Xu; Enmin Zhang; Hongxia Wang; Jingrong Ye; Guichang Li; Machao Li; Zhigang Cui; Yu-fei Liu; Rong-tong Guo; Xiao-ning Liu; Duan-hua Zhou; Ailan Zhao; Rong Hai; Dongzhen Yu; Yi Guan; Jianguo Xu
Escape Rates of the Hénon-Heiles System
A particle in the H\\'enon-Heiles potential can escape when its energy is above the threshold value $E_{th}={1/6}$. We report a theoretical study on the the escape rates near threshold. We derived an analytic formula for the escape rate as a function of energy by exploring the property of chaos. We also simulated the escaping process by following the motions of a large number of particles. Two algorithms are employed to solve the equations of motion. One is the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method, and another is a recently proposed fourth order symplectic method. Our simulations show the escape of H$\\mathrm{\\acute{e}}$non-Heiles system follows exponential laws. We extracted the escape rates from the time dependence of particle numbers in the H$\\mathrm{\\acute{e}}$non-Heiles potential. The extracted escape rates agree with the analytic result.
H. J. Zhao; M. L. Du
Nutrition labeling for restaurant menu item: College students' preferences for nutrition information and its influence on purchase intention.
??The purpose of this study is to identify what type of nutrition information college students find important to appear on restaurant menus when making their… (more)
Mayfield, Kelly
How different types of restaurants behaved differently through the recent recession an analysis of stock market and financial ratios.
??This study attempted to identify, quantify, and explain the possible impact the recession had on restaurant stock performance in comparison with the S&P 500 index… (more)
Wang, Xiaofan
The Great Escape? A Quantitative Evaluation of the Fed's Non-Standard Policies
, Release H.4.1 Other Treasury Securities Currency Swaps Primary Credit TAF Repos PDCF and Other Broker Auction Facility (TAF) or the Primary Dealer Credit Facility (PDCF). In broad terms, the operation
Chinese Restaurant Game - Part I: Theory of Learning with Negative Network Externality
In a social network, agents are intelligent and have the capability to make decisions to maximize their utilities. They can either make wise decisions by taking advantages of other agents' experiences through learning, or make decisions earlier to avoid competitions from huge crowds. Both these two effects, social learning and negative network externality, play important roles in the decision process of an agent. While there are existing works on either social learning or negative network externality, a general study on considering both these two contradictory effects is still limited. We find that the Chinese restaurant process, a popular random process, provides a well-defined structure to model the decision process of an agent under these two effects. By introducing the strategic behavior into the non-strategic Chinese restaurant process, in Part I of this two-part paper, we propose a new game, called Chinese Restaurant Game, to formulate the social learning problem with negative network externality. Throu...
Wang, Chih-Yu; Li, K J Ray
Project on restaurant energy performance end-use monitoring and analysis
This paper summarizes the results of a research program intended to build an understanding of restaurant energy performance upon an empirical foundation. This discussion provides some background for this effort, brief descriptions of the facilities selected for study, the measurement methods, the empirical findings, an overview of conservation opportunities revealed, and general conclusions. Seven monitoring sites were carefully selected to represent the most common categories of food service by the National Restaurant Association. A microcomputer based data acquisition was designed and implemented to acquire 15-minute interval data on end-use energy consumption, interior temperatures, and external climate conditions for a one year monitoring period. The project archived over 87% of the available data, which has been converted into several formats for dissemination. Restaurants are found to be very intensive users of energy due largely to the frequent usage of food preparation equipment and the high ventilation requirements.
Solar energy system performance evaluation, Hogate's Restaurant, Washington, D. C. January 1980-December 1980
The Hogate's Restaurant site is a business establishment which serves as a restaurant on the waterfront in Washington, D.C. It is part of the National Solar Data Network. The active solar energy system is designed to supply 64% of the restaurant's hot water. It is equipped with 6,254 square feet of liquid flat-plate collectors, two 5,000-gallon tanks for storage, and an auxiliary gas boiler. Pump repairs are reported. Data are given describing the overall system performance, energy savings, and solar energy utilization and availability. Performance data for the collector, storage and Domestic Hot Water (DHW) subsystems are given, as are the system operating energy and site weather conditions. Performance evaluation techniques and sensor technology are discussed briefly. (LEW)
Whitehead, C.Y.
Hybrid fluid/kinetic modeling of Pluto's escaping atmosphere
Predicting the rate of escape and thermal structure of Pluto's upper atmosphere in preparation for the New Horizons Spacecraft encounter in 2015 is important for planning and interpreting the expected measurements. Having a moderate Jeans parameter Pluto's atmosphere does not fit the classic definition of Jeans escape for light species escaping from the terrestrial planets, nor does it fit the hydrodynamic outflow from comets and certain exoplanets. It has been proposed for some time that Pluto lies in the region of slow-hydrodynamic escape. Using a hybrid fluid/molecular-kinetic model, we previously demonstrated the typical implementation of this model fails to correctly describe the appropriate temperature structure for the upper atmosphere for solar minimum conditions. Here we used a time-dependent solver to allow us to extend those simulations to higher heating rates and we examined fluid models in which Jeans-like escape expressions are used for the upper boundary conditions. We compare these to our hybr...
Erwin, Justin T; Johnson, Robert E
Curriculum for B.S. in Restaurant, Hotel, and Institutional Management
Curriculum for B.S. in Restaurant, Hotel, and Institutional Management FIRST YEAR Fall Spring HUSC., Organization 3 NS 1410, Science of Nutrition 4 RHIM 2310, Intro. to Hospitality Mgmt. 3 RHIM 2308, Hotel, Facilities Management 3 ANSC 3404, Cons. Selec./Util. 4 Oral Communications* 3 RHIM 3390, Purchasing in Hosp
Rock, Chris
eCommerce and the competitiveness of small enterprises: A study of the restaurant industry
eCommerce can provide competitive advantage both by enhancing efficiency and helping an enterprise differentiate itself in the market. These forms of advantage apply differently according to industry sector and the size of the enterprise. This paper reports a study of one such industry sector, that of small, owner-operated restaurants within the larger hospitality industry. Drawing on two theoretical approaches to business competition and trends in consumer behaviour, we present a framework for understanding the advantages eCommerce offers to small restaurants and the broader implications of applying technology to businesses that are often still run on traditional lines. Theories of competitive advantage and consumption trends suggest that the primary potential of eCommerce for these restaurants is as a support for distinctiveness and differentiation rather than efficiency gains. However, the study found that while the small restaurant owners tended to identify potential efficiency gains from eCommerce, they relied on traditional business practices to differentiate themselves in the market. These considerations are relevant for the future development of eCommerce applications and systems designed for small businesses supplying services. 1.
Tanya Castleman; Tanya Castleman; Carolyn Ye-Phern Chin; Carolyn Ye-phern Chin
Project on Restaurant Energy Performance: end-use monitoring and analysis
Although energy bills for restaurants throughout the United States exceed 5 billion dollars annually, very little has been documented with respect to when and how restaurants use energy, or how such use can be reduced cost-effectively. This report summarizes the results of a multiyear collaborative research effort, designed to collect information on end-use energy consumption. Objective is to reveal the quantities and profiles of energy consumption of typical food service operations by time of day and end use. This information, when examined in conjunction with building characteristics, allows detailed study of energy use cause and effect and energy conservation potential. Seven representative monitoring sites were selected, a computerized data acquisition network was designed and implemented, and detailed energy performance was compiled for a 1 year period (July 1983 through June 1984). Each of the seven facilities monitored was selected to represent the seven most common restaurant types and to provide information on a wide variety of commonly used restaurant equipment. Preliminary findings are presented.
Volatility Effects on the Escape Time in Financial Market Models
We shortly review the statistical properties of the escape times, or hitting times, for stock price returns by using different models which describe the stock market evolution. We compare the probability function (PF) of these escape times with that obtained from real market data. Afterwards we analyze in detail the effect both of noise and different initial conditions on the escape time in a market model with stochastic volatility and a cubic nonlinearity. For this model we compare the PF of the stock price returns, the PF of the volatility and the return correlation with the same statistical characteristics obtained from real market data.
Spagnolo, Bernardo
Effects of photon escape on diagnostic diagrams for HII regions
In this article we first outline the mounting evidence that a significant fraction of the ionizing photons emitted by OB stars within HII regions escape from their immediate surroundings and explain how an HII region structure containing high density contrast in homogeneities facilitates this escape. Next we describe sets of models containing inhomogeneities which are used to predict tracks in the commonly used diagnostic diagrams (based on ratios of emission lines) whose only independent variable is the photon escape fraction, xi. We show that the tracks produced by the models in two of the most cited of these diagrams conform well to the distribution of observed data points, with the models containing optically thick inhomogeneities ("CLUMPY" models) yielding somewhat better agreement than those with optically thin inhomogeneities ("FF" models). We show how variations in the ionization parameter U, derived from emission line ratios, could be due to photon escape. Using a rather wide range of assumptions abo...
Giammanco, C; Cedres, B
Behavior of the Escape Rate Function in Hyperbolic Dynamical Systems
For a fixed initial reference measure, we study the dependence of the escape rate on the hole for a smooth or piecewise smooth hyperbolic map. First, we prove the existence and Holder continuity of the escape rate for systems with small holes admitting Young towers. Then we consider general holes for Anosov diffeomorphisms, without size or Markovian restrictions. We prove bounds on the upper and lower escape rates using the notion of pressure on the survivor set and show that a variational principle holds under generic conditions. However, we also show that the escape rate function forms a devil's staircase with jumps along sequences of regular holes and present examples to elucidate some of the difficulties involved in formulating a general theory.
Mark Demers; Paul Wright
Frying Technology and PracticesChapter 8 Critical Elements in the Selection and Operation of Restaurant Fryers
Frying Technology and Practices Chapter 8 Critical Elements in the Selection and Operation of Restaurant Fryers Food Science Health Nutrition Biochemistry eChapters Food Science & Technology Health - Nutrition - Biochemistry Press
90.1 Prototype Building Models Full Service Restaurant | Building Energy
90.1 Prototype Building Models Full Service Restaurant 90.1 Prototype Building Models Full Service Restaurant The ASHRAE Standard 90.1 prototype building models were developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in support of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Building Energy Codes Program. These prototype buildings were derived from DOE's Commercial Reference Building Models. This suite of ASHRAE Standard 90.1 prototype buildings covers all the Reference Building types except supermarket, and also adds a new building prototype representing high-rise apartment buildings.The prototype models include 16 building types in 17 climate locations for ASHRAE Standards 90.1-2004, 90.1-2007 and 90.1-2010. This combination leads to a set of 816 building models (in EnergyPlus Version 6.0). Also included is a scorecard for each
The project on restaurant energy performance end-use monitoring and analysis
This paper summarizes the results of a research program intended to build an understanding of restaurant energy performance upon an empirical foundation. This discussion provides some background for the effort, brief descriptions of the facilities selected for study, the methods of measurement, the empirical findings, an overview of conservation opportunities revealed, and general conclusions. Seven monitoring sites were carefully selected to represent the most common categories of food service by the National Restaurant Association. A microcomputer-based data acquisition was designed and implemented to acquire data at 15-minute intervals on end-use energy consumption, interior temperatures, and external climatic conditions for a one-year monitoring period. The project archived over 87% of the available data, which have been converted into several formats for dissemination.
Solar heating and hot water system installed at Shoney's Restaurant, North Little Rock, Arkansas. Final report
The solar heating system is designed to supply a major portion of the space and water heating requirements for a newly built Shoney's Big Boy Restaurant which was installed with completion occurring in December 1979. The restaurant has a floor space of approximately 4,650 square feet and requires approximately 1500 gallons of hot water daily. The solar energy system consists of 1,428 square feet of Chamberlain flat plate liquid collector subsystem, and a 1500 gallon storage subsystem circulating hot water producing 321 x 10/sup 6/ Btu/yr (specified) building heating and hot water heating. Designer - Energy Solutions, Incorporated. Contractor - Stephens Brothers, Incorporated. This report includes extracts from site files, specification references for solar modifications to existing building heating and hot water systems, drawings installation, operation and maintenance instructions.
Solid waste management and reduction in the restaurant industry. Case study
The restaurant`s recycling and waste reduction program began by separating out recyclable materials from the dumpster. This included cardboard, glass, and aluminum tin cans. A cardboard baler and containers for the glass and cans were placed next to the dumpster making it easier for employees to remember to recycle rather than discard recyclable materials. Recyclable materials are picked up by independent haulers at a cost that is substantially less than disposal costs. Therefore, reducing the amount of waste placed into the dumpster generates cost savings. The next step in the waste reduction program was to reduce the amount of food waste discarded in the dumpster. The head chef uses a computerized system for monitoring food inventory, amount of food used per meal, and the percent waste per meal. This helped to minimize food waste generated in food preparation.
90.1 Prototype Building Models Quick Service Restaurant | Building Energy
Quick Service Restaurant Quick Service Restaurant The ASHRAE Standard 90.1 prototype building models were developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in support of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Building Energy Codes Program. These prototype buildings were derived from DOE's Commercial Reference Building Models. This suite of ASHRAE Standard 90.1 prototype buildings covers all the Reference Building types except supermarket, and also adds a new building prototype representing high-rise apartment buildings.The prototype models include 16 building types in 17 climate locations for ASHRAE Standards 90.1-2004, 90.1-2007 and 90.1-2010. This combination leads to a set of 816 building models (in EnergyPlus Version 6.0). Also included is a scorecard for each prototype building. The scorecard is a spreadsheet that summarizes the
Quantum solution to a three player Kolkata restaurant problem using entangled qutrits
Three player quantum Kolkata restaurant problem is modeled using three entangled qutrits. This is a step towards a N-choice generalization of the N-player quantum minority game. It is shown that a better than classical payoff is achieved by a Nash equilibrium solution where the space of available strategies is spanned by SU(3), and the players share an tripartite entangled initial state.
Sharif, Puya
Generalized Chinese restaurant construction of exchangeable Gibbs partitions and related results
By resorting to sequential constructions of exchangeable random partitions (Pitman, 2006), and exploiting some known facts about generalized Stirling numbers, we derive a generalized Chinese restaurant process construction of exchangeable Gibbs partitions of type $\\alpha$ (Gnedin and Pitman, 2006). Our construction represents the natural theoretical probabilistic framework in which to embed some recent results about a Bayesian nonparametric treatment of estimation problems arising in genetic experiment under Gibbs, species sampling, models priors.
Cerquetti, Annalisa
Three player quantum Kolkata restaurant problem is modeled using three entangled qutrits. This first use of three level quantum states in this context is a step towards a $N$-choice generalization of the $N$-player quantum minority game. It is shown that a better than classical payoff is achieved by a Nash equilibrium solution where the space of available strategies is spanned by subsets of SU(3) and the players share a tripartite entangled initial state.
Southern Great Plains
govSitesSouthern Great Plains govSitesSouthern Great Plains SGP Related Links Facilities and Instruments Central Facility Boundary Facility Extended Facility Intermediate Facility Radiometric Calibration Facility Geographic Information ES&H Guidance Statement Operations Science Field Campaigns Visiting the Site Fact Sheet Images Information for Guest Scientists Contacts Southern Great Plains SGP Central Facility, Lamont, OK 36° 36' 18.0" N, 97° 29' 6.0" W Altitude: 320 meters The Southern Great Plains (SGP) site was the first field measurement site established by DOE's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. Scientists are using the information obtained from the SGP to improve cloud and radiative models and parameterizations and, thereby, the performance of atmospheric general circulation models used for climate research.
In this article we first outline the mounting evidence that a significant fraction of the ionizing photons emitted by OB stars within HII regions escape from their immediate surroundings and explain how an HII region structure containing high density contrast in homogeneities facilitates this escape. Next we describe sets of models containing inhomogeneities which are used to predict tracks in the commonly used diagnostic diagrams (based on ratios of emission lines) whose only independent variable is the photon escape fraction, xi. We show that the tracks produced by the models in two of the most cited of these diagrams conform well to the distribution of observed data points, with the models containing optically thick inhomogeneities ("CLUMPY" models) yielding somewhat better agreement than those with optically thin inhomogeneities ("FF" models). We show how variations in the ionization parameter U, derived from emission line ratios, could be due to photon escape. Using a rather wide range of assumptions about the filling factor of dense clumps we find, for a selected set of regions observed in M51 photon escape fraction ranging between 30% and 50%. We show, using oxygen as the test element, that models with different assumptions about the gas inhomogeneity will give variations in the abundance values derived from diagnostic diagrams, but do not claim here to have a fully developed set of diagnostic tools to improve abundance determinations made in this way. We finally propose a combination of line ratios with the absolute Halpha luminosity of a given HII region, which allows us to determine the photon escape fraction, and hence resolve the degeneracy between U and xi.
C. Giammanco; J. E. Beckman; B. Cedres
Een plek om te eten: 'Op welke wijze kan architectuur een meer bewuste en intense beleving in het restaurant teweeg brengen?'.
??Architectuur kan bijdragen aan de versterking van een intense en bewuste ervaring in het restaurant. Doordat het ontwerp een onderdeel is dat juist bij het… (more)
In 't Veld, F.
Brand preference and its impacts on customer share of visits and word-of-mouth intention: an empirical study in the full-service restaurant segment.
??This study attempted to investigate antecedents and consequences of consumers' utilitarian and hedonic attitudes toward restaurant brands and to examine the effects of brand prestige… (more)
Hwang, Jinsoo
www.wine-economics.org Restaurant Prices and the Minimum Wage
We examine the e¤ect of the minimum wage on restaurant prices. For that purpose, we estimate a price rigidity model by exploiting a unique dataset of individual price quotes used to calculate the Consumer Price Index in France. We …nd a positive and signi…cant impact of the minimum wage on prices. We obtain that the e¤ect of the minimum wage on prices is very protracted. The aggregate impact estimated with our model takes more than a year to fully pass through to retail prices.
Denis Fougčre; Erwan Gautier; Hervé Le Bihan
Escape rates for rotor walks in Z d
Rotor walk is a deterministic analogue of random walk. We study its recurrence and transience properties on Z d for the initial configuration of all rotors aligned. If n particles in turn perform rotor walks starting from the origin, we show that the number that escape (i.e., never return to the origin) is of order n in dimensions d ? 3, and of order n / log n in dimension 2. 1
Laura Florescu; Shirshendu Ganguly; Lionel Levine; Yuval Peres
Dynamic Multi-Relational Chinese Restaurant Process for Analyzing Influences on Users in Social Media
We study the problem of analyzing influence of various factors affecting individual messages posted in social media. The problem is challenging because of various types of influences propagating through the social media network that act simultaneously on any user. Additionally, the topic composition of the influencing factors and the susceptibility of users to these influences evolve over time. This problem has not studied before, and off-the-shelf models are unsuitable for this purpose. To capture the complex interplay of these various factors, we propose a new non-parametric model called the Dynamic Multi-Relational Chinese Restaurant Process. This accounts for the user network for data generation and also allows the parameters to evolve over time. Designing inference algorithms for this model suited for large scale social-media data is another challenge. To this end, we propose a scalable and multi-threaded inference algorithm based on online Gibbs Sampling. Extensive evaluations on large-scale Twitter and...
Lakkaraju, Himabindu; Bhattacharyya, Chiranjib
Can Consumers Escape the Market? Emancipatory Illuminations from Burning Man
This ethnography explores the emancipatory dynamics of the Burning Man project, a one-week-long antimarket event. Practices used at Burning Man to distance consumers from the market include discourses supporting communality and disparaging market logics, alternative exchange practices, and positioning consumption as self-expressive art. Findings reveal several communal practices that distance consumption from broader rhetorics of efficiency and rationality. Although Burning Man's participants materially support the market, they successfully construct a temporary hypercommunity from which to practice divergent social logics. Escape from the market, if possible at all, must be conceived of as similarly temporary and local.
Robert V. Kozinets
U-227: bind-dyndb-ldap DN Escaping Flaw Lets Remote Users Deny...
function (srcldapconvert.c) when escaping DN values for the LDAP query. This can be exploited to hang the named process and render the service unusable....
Gas-fired desiccant dehumidification system field evaluation in a quick-service restaurant. Final report, October 1989
This report describes the results of a field evaluation of state-of-art desiccant dehumidification equipment in Houston, TX. The evaluation demonstrated that comfort control in a quick-service restaurant could be improved dramatically. However, available gas-fired desiccant dehumidification equipment is too expensive, inefficient, and unreliable to be considered for wide application in the restaurant industry. Results of a technical and economic analysis of four HVAC options in four U.S. cities indicated that improved comfort control could be achieved with only a modest increase in operating costs with an advanced system. This, coupled with the economic benefits achieved through lower indoor humidity such as improved crew performance and reduced maintenance costs, could justify the introduction of an advanced, integrated, HVAC system using desiccant technology which has an installed cost similar to current equipment.
Koopman, R.N.; Marciniak, T.J.
A study in the application of energy management at a table service restaurant
This paper describes a study of the application of energy management including electric demand limit control in a 6656 ft/sup 2/ table service restaurant located in Minneapolis, which contained 30 tons of rooftop air conditioning, a 74 kW electric dishwasher, and natural gas space heating. Strategies were developed for applying demand-limit and time-of-day controls on rooftop air-conditioning units, refrigeration equipment, ventilation equipment, and a dishwasher electric booster heater. This study was conducted over a one-year period using a week-on/week-off test procedure in which the energy management controls were in operation alternately for one week and then manually disconnected for the following week. This testing method was chosen to reduce the effects of changes in the business operating procedures, changes in the connected electrical loads and irregularities in the climate that tend to distort results based on a year-to-year comparison. Extensive instrumentation was installed to monitor the operation of controlled loads, the impact on the space temperature, the operation of overrides and limit controls on critical loads, peak electric demand, and total energy consumption. The study demonstrated that electric demand charges were reduced 19.7% and that electric energy usage charges were reduced 8.7%. The total annual savings was $2440 which represented a 13% savings on the total energy bill and a 48% return-on-investment on a system installed cost of $5083.
Balmer, A.; Nodolf, K.M.
Heat extraction and refrigeration (HEAR) system. Phase I final progress report. [Restaurant kitchens
Testing indicates that heat energy available to be recaptured grossly exceeds the capacity of the 1.5 ton medium temperature Freon 12 compressor being utilized. The unit produced 50 pounds of suction pressure with the damper (Figure 4) open and exceeded compressor operational limits with the damper closed. This indicates that the current compressor could be replaced by one of 5 ton capacity since current estimates indicate that 60,000 Btu's are available for recovery. This could be divided between space heating and water heating as required by using separate condensers. There were no real surprises in the feasibility model construction and test phase, and the validity of the assumptions made in the original project description have been established. That is, it has been demonstrated that it is feasible to extract heat from the kitchen exhaust duct in a restaurant and keep the heat pump evaporator clean. It is concluded that work done under this $10,000 grant demonstrated the technical feasibility of the HEAR System. However, additional funding (our original proposal called for a $47,000 grant) would be required to economically evaluate the benefit realized and to advance the HEAR System design to a workable prototype stage.
Venable, B.M.
UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) | Open
Pacific (ESCAP) Pacific (ESCAP) Jump to: navigation, search Logo: UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) Name UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) Address Rajadamnern Nok Avenue Place Bangkok, Thailand References http://www.unescap.org/ No information has been entered for this organization. Add Organization Overview "The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) is the regional development arm of the United Nations for the Asia-Pacific region. Made up of 62 member States, with a geographical scope that stretches from Turkey in the west to the Pacific island nation of Kiribati in the east, and from the Russian Federation in the north to New Zealand in the south, the region is home to 4.1 billion people, or two
Social media marketing in the hospitality industry: The role of benefits in increasing brand community participation and the impact of participation on consumer trust and commitment toward hotel and restaurant brands.
??Online community is an effective tool for building the relationship with consumers. Many hospitality firms (i.e., hotels and restaurants) have utilized online communities a new… (more)
Kang, Juhee
Recent Great Lakes Ice Trends
Analysis of ice observations made by cooperative observers from shoreline stations reveals significant changes in the ice season on the North American Great Lakes over the past 35years. Although the dataset is highly inhomogeneous and year-to-...
Howard P. Hanson; Claire S. Hanson; Brenda H. Yoo
Fish of the Great Lakes
of Cook County Richard B. Ogilvie, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation FISH OF THE GREAT LAKES As you stand at the top of one of the tallest buildings in downtown...
Great Plains: status of the Great Plains coal gasification project
Updated information is presented on the Great Plains coal gasification project in North Dakota following the default of a $1.54 billion federal loan by the project sponsors. This report includes updated information obtained through October 31, 1985, on the loan default, Great Plains loan and gas pricing formula, legal matters and agreements, the Department of Energy's options and actions, Great Plains operations, and socioeconomic issues. The new information highlights changes in the gas pricing calculations; the Department's action to pay off the defaulted loan; legal action concerning gas purchase agreements; the project sponsors' proposed settlement; September revenue, expense, and production data; coal lease payments; capital improvement projects; plant by-products; and the final results of a North Dakota task force study of the potential socioeconomic impact if the plant closes.
Extensive escape rate in lattices of weakly coupled expanding maps with holes
This paper discusses possible approaches to the escape rate in infinite lattices of weakly coupled maps with uniformly expanding repeller. It is proved that computed-via-volume rates of spatially periodic approximations grow linearly with the period size, suggesting normalized escape rate as the appropriate notion for the infinite system. The proof relies on symbolic dynamics and is based on the control of cumulative effects of perturbations within cylinder sets. A piecewise affine diffusive example is presented that exhibits monotonic decay of the escape rate with coupling intensity.
Jean-Baptiste Bardet; Bastien Fernandez
Bardet, Jean-Baptiste
Peeping at chaos: Nondestructive monitoring of chaotic systems by measuring long-time escape rates
One or more small holes provide non-destructive windows to observe corresponding closed systems, for example by measuring long time escape rates of particles as a function of hole sizes and positions. To leading order the escape rate of chaotic systems is proportional to the hole size and independent of position. Here we give exact formulas for the subsequent terms, as sums of correlation functions; these depend on hole size and position, hence yield information on the closed system dynamics. Conversely, the theory can be readily applied to experimental design, for example to control escape rates.
L. A. Bunimovich; C. P. Dettmann
Long Term Geothermal Heat Pump System Ground Loop Heat Exchanger Performance: Field Data from a Quick Service Restaurant Application
This report summarizes measured long-term performance of the ground loop heat exchanger in a geothermal heat pump system in a McDonald's Quick Service Restaurant located in Westland near Detroit, Michigan. Heat build-up in the soil around the heat exchanger over a long period of time has always been a concern, but only limited data has been available in the past. The gradual increase in the return loop temperature over a period of five years is evidence of the heat built up in the ground loop field, whic...
Why Sequence Great Salt Lake?
Great Salt Lake? Great Salt Lake? On average, the Great Salt Lake is four times saltier than the ocean and also has heavy metals, high concentrations of sulfur and petroleum seeps. In spite of all this, the lake is the saltiest body of water to support life. The lake hosts brine shrimp, algae and a diverse array of microbes, not to mention the roughly 5 million birds that migrate there annually. The secret to these microbes' ability to survive under such harsh conditions might be revealed in their genes. Researchers expect the genetic data will provide insight into how the microorganisms tolerate pollutants such as sulfur and detoxify pollutants such as sulfur and heavy metals like mercury. The information could then be used to develop bioremediation techniques. Researchers also expect that sequencing microorganisms sampled
Great Basin | Open Energy Information
Great Basin Great Basin Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Geothermal Resource Area: Great Basin Contents 1 Area Overview 2 History and Infrastructure 3 Regulatory and Environmental Issues 4 Exploration History 5 Well Field Description 6 Geology of the Area 7 Geofluid Geochemistry 8 NEPA-Related Analyses (0) 9 Exploration Activities (0) 10 References Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"TERRAIN","zoom":6,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"500px","height":"300px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":39.609920257001,"lon":-114.0380859375,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Great Plains Coal Gasification Project:
This progress report on the Great Plains Coal Gasification Project discusses Lignite coal, natural gas, and by-products production as well as gas quality. A tabulation of raw material, product and energy consumption is provided for plant operations. Capital improvement projects and plant maintenance activities are detailed and summaries are provided for environmental, safety, medical, quality assurance, and qualtiy control activities.
Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Technologies Available ...
Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Technologies Available for Licensing Established by the Department of Energy (DOE) in 2007, the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research ...
Trapped and escaping orbits in an axially symmetric galactic-type potential
In the present article, we investigate the behavior of orbits in a time independent axially symmetric galactic type potential. This dynamical model can be considered to describe the motion in the central parts of a galaxy, for values of energies larger than the energy of escape. We use the classical method of the surface of section, in order to visualize and interpret the structure of the phase space of the dynamical system. Moreover, the Lyapunov Characteristic Exponent (LCE), is used in order to make an estimation of the degree of the chaoticity of the orbits in our galactic model. Our numerical calculations suggest that in this galactic type potential, there are two kinds of orbits: (i) escaping orbits and (ii) trapped orbits which do not escape at all. Furthermore, a large number of orbits of the dynamical system, display chaotic motion. Among the chaotic orbits, there are orbits that escape fast and also orbits that remain trapped for vast time intervals. When the value of the test particle's energy exceeds slightly the energy of escape, the amount of the trapped regular orbits increases, as the the value of the angular momentum increases. Therefore, the extent of the chaotic regions observed in the phase plane decreases as the value of the energy increases. Moreover, we calculate the average value of the escape period of the chaotic orbits and we try to correlate it with the value of the energy and also with the maximum value of the z component of the orbits. In addition, we find that the value of the LCE corresponding to each chaotic region, for different values of the energy, increases exponentially as the value of the energy increases. Some theoretical arguments in order to support the numerically obtained outcomes are presented.
Euaggelos E. Zotos
Great Britain | OpenEI
Britain Britain Dataset Summary Description The windspeed database provides estimates of mean annual wind speed throughout the UK, averaged over a 1-kilometer square area, at each of the following three heights above ground level (agl): 10 meters, 25 meters, and 45 meters. The windspeed database is available through the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) website, and is provided for archive purposes only. The database is comprised of historic information, including results derived from mathematical models, so it should not be considered to be measured data, or up to date or accurate. Source UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) Date Released December 31st, 2000 (13 years ago) Date Updated Unknown Keywords archive Great Britain Northern Ireland
Validation of a Building Simulation Tool Using Field Data for Three Identical Configuration Full-Serve Restaurants Using Different HVAC Systems
A new building application for a pre-existing HVAC software tool which calculates the benefits of desiccant-assisted HVAC equipment versus the performance of a standard vapor-compression system is used to model the monitored results, see Yborra and Spears (2000), for three full-service restaurants. A standard vapor-compression system, an enthalpy assisted vapor-compression system, and a desiccant-assisted vapor-compression system are compared. The vapor-compression portion of each system is comprised of three rooftop units, specifications for each may be found in Yborra and Spears, "Field- Evaluation of Alternative HVAC Strategies to Meet Ventilation, Comfort, and Humidity Control Criteria at Three Full-Serve Restaurants". The software tool uses DOE 2.1E as a calculation engine which runs in the background. Previously, the software tool could model two different hotel configurations, a quickserve restaurant, a supermarket, a retail store, an ice arena, a school, a movie theater, a nursing home and a hospital. With the larger eating area, the full-serve restaurant had the capacity for sensible or enthalpy heat recovery from the exhausted air in the sit-down area. Quick-Serve Restaurants (QSR's) were precluded from these energy saving devices as the exhausted air was heavily laden with grease. Still, even with the kitchen exhausts facing away from the rooftop unit (RTU) intakes, the enthalpy wheels showed noticeable loading from grease. As the field monitoring was performed near Philadelphia, PA, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) hour-by-hour bin TMY2 meteorological data was used for Philadelphia to model the annual outdoor conditions experienced by each site. Output was provided in the form of humidity bins, monthly energy usage and cost, as well as total annual gas and electric costs. As the fill-serve restaurants were located on the North-Eastem region of the United States, patron comfort was of greater importance to management than annual energy cost savings. Once the model results were determined to properly reflect those of the case studies, the different building equipment types were "moved" around the United States by choosing different bin weather data sets corresponding to Chicago, IL, Atlanta, GA, and Houston, TX. While the default energy rates available in the program are 4 years old, the economic results provide a sound cost comparison.
Brillhart, P. L.; Worek, W. M.
Obama Administration Hosts Great Lakes Offshore Wind Workshop...
Hosts Great Lakes Offshore Wind Workshop in Chicago with Great Lakes Wind Collaborative Obama Administration Hosts Great Lakes Offshore Wind Workshop in Chicago with Great Lakes...
In the present article, we investigate the behavior of orbits in a time independent axially symmetric galactic type potential. This dynamical model can be considered to describe the motion in the central parts of a galaxy, for values of energies larger than the energy of escape. We use the classical method of the surface of section, in order to visualize and interpret the structure of the phase space of the dynamical system. Moreover, the Lyapunov Characteristic Exponent (LCE), is used in order to make an estimation of the degree of the chaoticity of the orbits in our galactic model. Our numerical calculations suggest that in this galactic type potential, there are two kinds of orbits: (i) escaping orbits and (ii) trapped orbits which do not escape at all. Furthermore, a large number of orbits of the dynamical system, display chaotic motion. Among the chaotic orbits, there are orbits that escape fast and also orbits that remain trapped for vast time intervals. When the value of the test particle's energy exce...
Zotos, Euaggelos E
Solar preheating of both domestic hot water and space. Final technical report for the Sea Loft restaurant in Long Branch, New Jersey
Stephen Giddio's Sea Loft Restaurant in Long Branch, NJ is equipped with an active solar system for preheating water for both space heating and domestic hot water. Three pumped water loops, each a closed circuit, transfer heat from one major component to another. Solar heat is collected by an array of 83 evacuated tube collectors. The acceptance test results are appended, as well as the operational and maintenance manual. Reference CAPE-2805. (LEW)
GISDataTechnologySpecificUnitedStatesWindHighResolutionGreatLakes90mWindspeedOffshoreWindHighResolution.zip> Description: Abstract: Annual average offshore wind...
2009 Great Places Awards -- Call for Submissions
2009 Great Places Awards Places, the Environmental Designannounce the twelfth annual awards program for Place Design,ipation of Metropolis, the awards program has a new name in
Mutations of the GREAT gene cause cryptorchidism
DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank accession no. AF453828 In humans, failure of testicular descent (cryptorchidism) is one of the most frequent congenital malformations, affecting 1–3 % of newborn boys. The clinical consequences of this abnormality are infertility in adulthood and a significantly increased risk of testicular malignancy. Recently, we described a mouse transgene insertional mutation, crsp, causing high intraabdominal cryptorchidism in homozygous males. A candidate gene Great (G-protein-coupled receptor affecting testis descent), was identified within the transgene integration site. Great encodes a seven-transmembrane receptor with a close similarity to the glycoprotein hormone receptors. The Great gene is highly expressed in the gubernaculum, the ligament that controls testicular movement during development, and therefore may be responsible for mediating hormonal signals that affect testicular descent. Here we show that genetic targeting of the Great gene in mice causes infertile bilateral intraabdominal cryptorchidism. The mutant gubernaculae fail to differentiate, indicating that the Great gene controls their development. Mutation screening of the human GREAT gene was performed using DHPLC analysis of the genomic DNA from 60 cryptorchid patients. Nucleotide variations in GREAT cDNA were found in both the patient and the control populations. A unique missense mutation (T222P) in the ectodomain of the GREAT receptor was identified in one of the patients. This mutant receptor fails to respond to ligand stimulation, implicating the GREAT gene in the etiology in some cases of cryptorchidism in humans.
Ivan P. Gorlov; Aparna Kamat; Natalia V. Bogatcheva; Eric Jones; Dolores J. Lamb; Anne Truong; Colin E. Bishop; Ken Mcelreavey; Er I. Agoulnik
Great Lakes | OpenEI
Lakes Lakes Dataset Summary Description This dataset is a geographic shapefile generated from the original raster data. The original raster data resolution is a 200-meter cell size. Source National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Date Released August 19th, 2010 (4 years ago) Date Updated August 23rd, 2010 (4 years ago) Keywords GIS Great Lakes NREL offshore wind shapefile U.S. wind windspeed Data application/zip icon Download Shapefile (zip, 11.8 MiB) Quality Metrics Level of Review Some Review Comment Temporal and Spatial Coverage Frequency Time Period License License Other or unspecified, see optional comment below Comment DISCLAIMER NOTICE This GIS data was developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory ("NREL"), which is operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE"). The user is granted the right, without any fee or cost, to use, copy, modify, alter, enhance and distribute this data for any purpose whatsoever, provided that this entire notice appears in all copies of the data. Further, the user of this data agrees to credit NREL in any publications or software that incorporate or use the data. Access to and use of the GIS data shall further impose the following obligations on the User. The names DOE/NREL may not be used in any advertising or publicity to endorse or promote any product or commercial entity using or incorporating the GIS data unless specific written authorization is obtained from DOE/NREL. The User also understands that DOE/NREL shall not be obligated to provide updates, support, consulting, training or assistance of any kind whatsoever with regard to the use of the GIS data. THE GIS DATA IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL DOE/NREL BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO CLAIMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE LOSS OF DATA OR PROFITS, WHICH MAY RESULT FROM AN ACTION IN CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS CLAIM THAT ARISES OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE ACCESS OR USE OF THE GIS DATA. The User acknowledges that access to the GIS data is subject to U.S. Export laws and regulations and any use or transfer of the GIS data must be authorized under those regulations. The User shall not use, distribute, transfer, or transmit GIS data or any products incorporating the GIS data except in compliance with U.S. export regulations. If requested by DOE/NREL, the User agrees to sign written assurances and other export-related documentation as may be required to comply with U.S. export regulations. DISCLAIMER NOTICE This GIS data was developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory ("NREL"), which is operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE"). The user is granted the right, without any fee or cost, to use, copy, modify, alter, enhance and distribute this data for any purpose whatsoever, provided that this entire notice appears in all copies of the data. Further, the user of this data agrees to credit NREL in any publications or software that incorporate or use the data. Access to and use of the GIS data shall further impose the following obligations on the User. The names DOE/NREL may not be used in any advertising or publicity to endorse or promote any product or commercial entity using or incorporating the GIS data unless specific written authorization is obtained from DOE/NREL. The User also understands that DOE/NREL shall not be obligated to provide updates, support, consulting, training or assistance of any kind whatsoever with regard to the use of the GIS data. THE GIS DATA IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL DOE/NREL BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO CLAIMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE LOSS OF DATA OR PROFITS, WHICH MAY RESULT FROM AN ACTION IN CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS CLAIM THAT ARISES OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE ACCESS OR USE OF THE GIS DATA. The User acknowledges that access to the GIS data is subject to U.S. Export laws and regulations and any use or transfer of the GIS data must be authorized under those regulations. The User shall not use, distribute, transfer, or transmit GIS data or any products incorporating the GIS data except in compliance with U.S. export regulations. If requested by DOE/NREL, the User agrees to sign written assurances and other export-related documentation as may be required to comply with U.S. export regulations.
Recently, some hot DA-type white dwarfs have been proposed to plausibly be escaping members of the Hyades. We used hydrogen Balmer lines to measure the radial velocities of seven such stars and confirm that three, and perhaps two others, are/were indeed cluster members and one is not. The other candidate Hyad is strongly magnetic and its membership status remains uncertain. The photospheres of at least one quarter of field white dwarf stars are ''polluted'' by elements heavier than helium that have been accreted. These stars are orbited by extended planetary systems that contain both debris belts and major planets. We surveyed the seven classical single Hyades white dwarfs and the newly identified (escaping) Hyades white dwarfs and found calcium in the photosphere of LP 475-242 of type DBA (now DBAZ), thus implying the presence of an orbiting planetary system. The spectrum of white dwarf GD 31, which may be, but probably is not, an escaping member of the Hyades, displays calcium absorption lines; these originate either from the interstellar medium or, less likely, from a gaseous circumstellar disk. If GD 31 was once a Hyades member, then it would be the first identified white dwarf Hyad with a cooling age >340 Myr.
Zuckerman, B.; Xu, S.; Klein, B.; Jura, M., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (United States)
An Investigation of the Thermal and Energy Balance Regimes of Great Slave and Great Bear Lakes
Great Slave Lake and Great Bear Lake have large surface areas, water volumes, and high latitudinal positions; are cold and deep; and are subject to short daylight periods in winter and long ones in summer. They are dissimilar hydrologically. ...
Wayne R. Rouse; Peter D. Blanken; Normand Bussičres; Anne E. Walker; Claire J. Oswald; William M. Schertzer; Christopher Spence
Solar preheating of both domestic hot water and space. Final technical report for the Sea Loft restaurant in Long Branch, New Jersey (Engineering Materials)
Stephen Giddio's Sea Loft Restaurant in Long Branch, NJ is equipped with an active solar system for preheating of both Space and Domestic Hot Water (DHW). Three pumped water loops, each closed circuit, transfer heat from one major equipment component to another. The closed loop drain back solar energy collection circuit uses a 3/4 horsepower pump to circulate seventeen gallons per minute of deionized water from the Solar Storage Tank to the Solar Collector Array, and return. This tank has a capacity of 600 gallons. The solar array consist of eighty-three evacuated tube type concentrating collectors. The heat gathered in this circuit is stored in the tank for either simultaneous or future use in either or both of the Space and DHW preheating loops. The preheating of city water prior to its entrance into the gas fired 86 gallon DHW heater is accomplished in a separate 600 gallon capacity tank. Two thirty-five square foot tubed heat exchanger bundles inserted into this tank accept solar heated hot water from the Solar Storage Tank. This solar heated water is pumped at sixteen GPM in a closed loop circuit using a 1/4 HP pump. The preheating of restaurant space is accomplished in a closed loop circuit between the Solar Storage Tank and an eight SF hot water coil inserted into the return air from the Main Dining Room of the restaurant. A 1/4 HP pump circulates fifteen gallons of solar heated hot water per minute. This system incorporates a differential temperature controller that utilizes a multitude of pressure sensors and temperature thermistors located throughout the various portions of the system components and piping. The Display Board mounted on the wall of the Bar-Lounge Area serves to integrate the entire solar system. It not only displays the flow but houses the Btu flowmeters, Digital temperature readouts, and HVAC EMS Programmer. Reference DOE/CS/30007-T1.
USACE Campaign Plan Making USACE GREAT
.S. Army Corps of Engineers will, through execution of this Campaign Plan, become a GREAT organization briefings and outreach · Key Task: In-process field personnel at SPA HQ  SPA Action Item 1a2b: Recruit
US Army Corps of Engineers
About Upper Great Plains Regional Office
The Upper Great Plains Region carries out Western's mission in Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, and Minnesota. We sell more than 9 billion kilowatt-hours of...
Pitch angle resolved measurements of escaping charged fusion products in TFTR
Measurements of the flux of charged fusion products escaping from the TFTR plasma have been made with a new type of detector which can resolve the particle flux vs. pitch angle, energy, and time. The design of this detector is described, and results from the 1987 TFTR run are presented. These results are roughly consistent with predictions from a simple first-orbit particle loss model with respect to the pitch angle, energy, time, and plasma current dependence of the signals. 11 refs., 9 figs.
Zweben, S.J.
Energy and water in the Great Lakes.
The nexus between thermoelectric power production and water use is not uniform across the U.S., but rather differs according to regional physiography, demography, power plant fleet composition, and the transmission network. That is, in some regions water demand for thermoelectric production is relatively small while in other regions it represents the dominate use. The later is the case for the Great Lakes region, which has important implications for the water resources and aquatic ecology of the Great Lakes watershed. This is today, but what about the future? Projected demographic trends, shifting lifestyles, and economic growth coupled with the threat of global climate change and mounting pressure for greater U.S. energy security could have profound effects on the region's energy future. Planning for such an uncertain future is further complicated by the fact that energy and environmental planning and regulatory decisionmaking is largely bifurcated in the region, with environmental and water resource concerns generally taken into account after new energy facilities and technologies have been proposed, or practices are already in place. Based on these confounding needs, the objective of this effort is to develop Great Lakes-specific methods and tools to integrate energy and water resource planning and thereby support the dual goals of smarter energy planning and development, and protection of Great Lakes water resources. Guiding policies for this planning are the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Basin Water Resources Compact and the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. The desired outcome of integrated energy-water-aquatic resource planning is a more sustainable regional energy mix for the Great Lakes basin ecosystem.
Tidwell, Vincent Carroll
Thermally driven escape from Pluto's atmosphere: A combined fluid/kinetic model
A combined fluid/kinetic model is developed to calculate thermally driven escape of N2 from Pluto's atmosphere for two solar heating conditions: no heating above 1450 km and solar minimum heating conditions. In the combined model, one-dimensional fluid equations are applied for the dense part of the atmosphere, while the exobase region is described by a kinetic model and calculated by the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. Fluid and kinetic parts of the model are iteratively solved in order to maintain constant total mass and energy fluxes through the simulation region. Although the atmosphere was found to be highly extended, with an exobase altitude at ~6000 km at solar minimum, the outflow remained subsonic and the escape rate was within a factor of two of the Jeans rate for the exobase temperatures determined. This picture is drastically different from recent predictions obtained solely using a fluid model which, in itself, requires assumptions about atmospheric density, flow velocity and energy flux ca...
Tucker, O J; Deighan, J I; Volkov, A N; Johnson, R E
An Inventory of Catch and Escapement Data for Columbia River Salmon and Steelhead, 1987 Final Report.
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The work described in this report was part of a larger project conducted by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) for the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) to determine appropriate methods for assessing the cumulative effects of hydroelectric development in the Columbia River Basin. One portion of that project was to develop an inventory of catch and escapement data for Columbia River salmon and steelhead and to determine if enough relevant data are available for spawner-recruit analysis. This inventory was to include not the actual data but, rather, only the source, nature, and the extent of data needed to conduct a spawner-recruit analysis. Spawner-recruit analysis is one of several methodologies with possible utility for assessing the cumulative effects of hydroelectric development in the Columbia River Basin. The information presented in this report is not a complete inventory of catch and escapement data for Columbia River salmonids. Some information was omitted, either because of delays in responses by agencies to information requests, or because certain data sources, not widely known to exist, could not be located. 77 refs., 73 tabs.
Martin, Douglas J.; Stull, Elizabeth Ann
Local Restaurants - Gaithersburg, MD
... Subway 16 Bureau Dr. Gaithersburg, MD (301) 527-8988. Thai Tanium 657 Center Point Way Gaithersburg, MD (301) 990-3699. ...
Great River Energy | Open Energy Information
Great River Energy Great River Energy Place Minnesota Utility Id 7570 Utility Location Yes Ownership C NERC Location MRO NERC MRO Yes ISO MISO Yes Operates Generating Plant Yes Activity Generation Yes Activity Transmission Yes Activity Buying Transmission Yes Alt Fuel Vehicle Yes Alt Fuel Vehicle2 Yes References EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Utility Rate Schedules Grid-background.png No rate schedules available. Average Rates No Rates Available References ↑ "EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Great_River_Energy&oldid=410764"
Inventory Mistakes and the Great Moderation
Why did the volatility of U.S. real GDP decline by more than the volatility of final sales with the Great Moderation in the mid-1980s? One possible explanation is that firms shifted their inventory behaviour towards a greater emphasis on production smoothing. In this paper, we investigate the role of inventories in the Great Moderation by estimating an unobserved components model that identifies inventory and sales shocks and their propagation. We find only mixed evidence of increased production smoothing. Instead, it was a reduction in inventory mistakes that accounts for the excess volatility reduction in output relative to sales. The inventory mistakes are informational errors related to production that must be set in advance and their reduction also helps to explain the changed forecasting role of inventories since the mid-1980s. Our findings provide an optimistic prognosis for the continuation of the Great Moderation.
James Morley; Aarti Singh
GreatPoint Energy | Open Energy Information
GreatPoint Energy GreatPoint Energy Jump to: navigation, search Name GreatPoint Energy Address 222 Third Street Place Cambridge, Massachusetts Zip 02142 Sector Biomass Product Converts coal, petroleum coke and biomass into natural gas Website http://www.greatpointenergy.co Coordinates 42.3672873°, -71.0814466° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":42.3672873,"lon":-71.0814466,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
We address the problem of how particles are accelerated by solar flares can escape into the heliosphere on timescales of an hour or less. Impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) bursts are generally observed in association with so-called eruptive flares consisting of a coronal mass ejection (CME) and a flare. These fast SEPs are believed to be accelerated directly by the flare, rather than by the CME shock. However, the precise mechanism by which the particles are accelerated remains controversial. Regardless of the origin of the acceleration, the particles should remain trapped in the closed magnetic fields of the coronal flare loops and the ejected flux rope, given the magnetic geometry of the standard eruptive-flare model. In this case, the particles would reach the Earth only after a delay of many hours to a few days (coincident with the bulk ejecta arriving at Earth). We propose that the external magnetic reconnection intrinsic to the breakout model for CME initiation can naturally account for the prompt escape of flare-accelerated energetic particles onto open interplanetary magnetic flux tubes. We present detailed 2.5-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a breakout CME/flare event with a background isothermal solar wind. Our calculations demonstrate that if the event occurs sufficiently near a coronal-hole boundary, interchange reconnection between open and closed fields can occur. This process allows particles from deep inside the ejected flux rope to access solar wind field lines soon after eruption. We compare these results to standard observations of impulsive SEPs and discuss the implications of the model on further observations and calculations.
Masson, S.; Antiochos, S. K. [Space Weather Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States); DeVore, C. R., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Laboratory for Computational Physics and Fluid Dynamics, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375 (United States)
Division of Water, Part 675: Great Lakes Water Withdrawal Registration...
75: Great Lakes Water Withdrawal Registration Regulations (New York) Division of Water, Part 675: Great Lakes Water Withdrawal Registration Regulations (New York) Eligibility...
Obama Administration and Great Lakes States Announce Agreement...
and Great Lakes States Announce Agreement to Spur Development of Offshore Wind Projects Obama Administration and Great Lakes States Announce Agreement to Spur Development of...
Great Lakes Biofuels LLC | Open Energy Information
Great Lakes Biofuels LLC Great Lakes Biofuels LLC Place Madison, Wisconsin Zip 53704 Sector Services Product Biodiesel research, consulting, management distribution and services company. Coordinates 43.07295°, -89.386694° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":43.07295,"lon":-89.386694,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Great Plains makes 100 billion cubic feet
The Great Plains coal gasification plant on January 18, 1987 produced its 100 billionth cubic foot of gas since start-up July 28, 1984. Owned by the Department of Energy and operated by ANG Coal Gasification Company, the plant uses the Lurgi process to produce about 50 billion cubic feet per year of gas from five million tons per year of lignite. The plant has been performing at well above design capacity.
Great Lakes fish and the greenhouse effect
This short article discusses data presented at the Second North American Conference on Preparing for Climate Change, held in Washington, D.C. Magnuson and Regier predicted that Great Lakes fish productivity may increase as a result of the increased water temperatures caused by the greenhouse effect. However, they also predicted that other indirect alterations could do more harm than good; for example, the effects of warming on lake oxygen levels, or wind, which affects the mixing of warm, cool, and cold water.
Mlot, C.
Great Falls lineament, Idaho and Montana
The name Great Falls lineament is given to a northeast-trending zone of diverse geologic features that can be traced northeastward from the Idaho batholith in the cordilleran miogeocline of the United States, across thrust belt structures and basement rocks of west-central and southwestern Montana, through the cratonic rocks of central Montana, and into southwesternmost Saskatchewan, Canada. The zone is well represented in east-central Idaho and west-central Montana where geologic mapping has outlined northeast-trending, high-angle faults and shear zones that: (1) extend more than 150 km (93 mi) from near Salmon, Idaho, northeastward toward Anaconda, Montana; (2) define a nearly continuous zone of faulting that shows recurrent movement from middle Proterozoic to Holocene time; (3) controlled the intrusion and orientation of some Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary batholithic rocks and early Tertiary dike swarms; and (4) controlled the uplift and orientation of the Anaconda-Pintlar Range. The boundary is also characterized by: high-angle faults, shear zones, and topographic lineaments; pronounced linear gravity and magnetic anomalies; igneous intrusions; and fault controlled depositional patterns and mineralization. That the Great Falls lineament is controlled by a similar Precambrian boundary between the Archean Wyoming province of southwestern Montana and early Proterozoic terrane to the north is speculative; however, the geologic features found along the Great Falls lineament share many common characteristics with features present along the Archean-Proterozoic boundary in Canada.
O'Neil, J.M.; Lopez, D.A.
Geothermal fluid genesis in the Great Basin
Early theories concerning geothermal recharge in the Great Basin implied recharge was by recent precipitation. Physical, chemical, and isotopic differences between thermal and non-thermal fluids and global paleoclimatic indicators suggest that recharge occurred during the late Pleistocene. Polar region isotopic studies demonstrate that a depletion in stable light-isotopes of precipitation existed during the late Pleistocene due to the colder, wetter climate. Isotopic analysis of calcite veins and packrat midden megafossils confirm the depletion event occurred in the Great Basin. Isotopic analysis of non-thermal springs is utilized as a proxy for local recent precipitation. Contoured plots of deuterium concentrations from non-thermal and thermal water show a regional, systematic variation. Subtracting contoured plots of non-thermal water from plots of thermal water reveals that thermal waters on a regional scale are generally isotopically more depleted. Isolated areas where thermal water is more enriched than non-thermal water correspond to locations of pluvial Lakes Lahontan and Bonneville, suggesting isotopically enriched lake water contributed to fluid recharge. These anomalous waters also contain high concentrations of sodium chloride, boron, and other dissolved species suggestive of evaporative enrichment. Carbon-age date and isotopic data from Great Basin thermal waters correlate with the polar paleoclimate studies. Recharge occurred along range bounding faults. 151 refs., 62 figs., 15 tabs.
Flynn, T.; Buchanan, P.K.
Great Plains Wind Farm | Open Energy Information
form form View source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Great Plains Wind Farm Jump to: navigation, search Name Great Plains Wind Farm Facility Great Plains Sector Wind energy Facility Type Commercial Scale Wind Facility Status In Service Owner Noble Environmental Developer Noble Environmental Location Hansford County TX Coordinates 36.285809°, -101.358662° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":36.285809,"lon":-101.358662,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
The paradigm that gamma-ray burst fireballs are the sources of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is being probed by neutrino observations. Very stringent bounds can be obtained from the cosmic-ray (proton)-neutrino connection, assuming that the UHECRs escape as neutrons. In this study, we identify three different regimes as a function of the fireball parameters: the standard ''one neutrino per cosmic ray'' case, the optically thick (to neutron escape) case, and the case where leakage of protons from the boundaries of the shells (direct escape) dominates. In the optically thick regime, the photomeson production is very efficient, and more neutrinos will be emitted per cosmic ray than in the standard case, whereas in the direct escape-dominated regime, more cosmic rays than neutrinos will be emitted. We demonstrate that, for efficient proton acceleration, which is required to describe the observed UHECR spectrum, the standard case only applies to a very narrow region of the fireball parameter space. We illustrate with several observed examples that conclusions on the cosmic-ray-neutrino connection will depend on the actual burst parameters. We also show that the definition of the pion production efficiency currently used by the IceCube collaboration underestimates the neutrino production in the optically thick case. Finally, we point out that the direct escape component leads to a spectral break in the cosmic-ray spectrum emitted from a single source. The resulting ''two-component model'' can be used to even more strongly pronounce the spectral features of the observed UHECR spectrum than the dip model.
Baerwald, Philipp; Bustamante, Mauricio; Winter, Walter, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Institut fuer Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universitaet Wuerzburg, D-97074 Wuerzburg (Germany)
Great Plains Gasification Project status report
The Great Plains Gasification Project is the first commercial synthetic fuels project based on coal conversion in the US. The goal is to convert North Dakota lignite into pipeline quality synthetic natural gas (SNG). The project consists of an open pit coal mine, a gasification plant, and an SNG pipeline in Mercer County, North Dakota. The project took 12 years from its conception to the production in 1984 of SNG for users. The author describes the plant's basic processes, the start-up activities and schedule, and some of the more interesting start-up problems.
Pollock, D.C.
DOE receives title to Great Plains plant
On June 30, 1986 the Great Plains Coal Gasification Project was sold at a foreclosure sale at the Mercer County courthouse in North Dakota. The US Department of Energy was the only bidder at the sale. DOE's bid for the plant was $1 billion DOE-secured loan that the five sponsor companies defaulted on when they withdrew from the project in August 1985. DOE did not receive title to the plant until a lawsuit filed by American Natural Resources (ANR) was settled on July 14, 1986. DOE has vowed to keep the plant running as long as it does not cost the taxpayers any money. Eventually DOE wishes to dispose of the plant. Therefore, in February 1986 DOE requested that interested organizations submit expressions of interest in the Great Plains plant. This paper, after discussing the lawsuit, summarizes the nine responses received by DOE. Some companies were willing for it to remain a coal gasification facility; other submitted plans for modifications to produce methanol.
ASPEN physical property evaluation for Great Plains simulation. Great Plains ASPEN model development. [Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant
This report documents the steps taken to evaluate the pure component properties in the ASPEN data bank for those compounds required to simulate the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant where the compounds are also available in the DIPPR (Design Institute for Physical Property Data) data bank. DIPPR is a cooperative effort of industry, institutes and federal agencies interested in the compilation, measurement and evaluation of physical property data for industrially important compounds. It has been found that the ASPEN data bank is for the most part reliable, its main problem being lack of documentation. In the few instances where values were found to be either missing or to be unacceptable, recommended constants or equation parameters are presented in this report along with associated literature citations. In the cases where temperature dependent data were regressed to obtain new equation parameters, the detailed methods employed are also presented.
Millman, M.C.
One of the leading models for electron acceleration in solar flares is stochastic acceleration by weakly turbulent fast magnetosonic waves ({sup f}ast waves{sup )}. In this model, large-scale flows triggered by magnetic reconnection excite large-wavelength fast waves, and fast-wave energy then cascades from large wavelengths to small wavelengths. Electron acceleration by large-wavelength fast waves is weak, and so the model relies on the small-wavelength waves produced by the turbulent cascade. In order for the model to work, the energy cascade time for large-wavelength fast waves must be shorter than the time required for the waves to propagate out of the solar-flare acceleration region. To investigate the effects of wave escape, we solve the wave kinetic equation for fast waves in weak turbulence theory, supplemented with a homogeneous wave-loss term. We find that the amplitude of large-wavelength fast waves must exceed a minimum threshold in order for a significant fraction of the wave energy to cascade to small wavelengths before the waves leave the acceleration region. We evaluate this threshold as a function of the dominant wavelength of the fast waves that are initially excited by reconnection outflows.
Pongkitiwanichakul, Peera; Chandran, Benjamin D. G. [Space Science Center and Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 (United States); Karpen, Judith T. [NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States); DeVore, C. Richard, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 (United States)
Great Valley Ethanol LLC | Open Energy Information
Valley Ethanol LLC Valley Ethanol LLC Jump to: navigation, search Name Great Valley Ethanol LLC Place Bakersfield, California Product Developing a 63m gallon ethanol plant in Hanford, CA Coordinates 44.78267°, -72.801369° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":44.78267,"lon":-72.801369,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Great Plains gets a running start
The United States first commercial synthetic fuel plant has been geared up to deliver the $2 billion project by late 1984 in Beulah, North Dakota. The Great Plains coal gasification plant is rising quickly under a compressed 44 month schedule. Delivery of synthetic natural gas from the 125 million-cu-ft-a-day plant by 1984 is possible. Getting the $1.4 billion gasification plant, 22,000-ton-per-day coal mine and 365-mile, 20-in. dia pipeline connection completed on schedule and within budget is critical. The price of the product gas, which will be mixed with relatively cheap natural gas in the consortium's pipelines, has been set by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission at $6.75 per thousand cubic feet. This project has been planned since 1972. (DP)
Great Lakes Energy Coop | Open Energy Information
Energy Coop Energy Coop Jump to: navigation, search Name Great Lakes Energy Coop Place Michigan Utility Id 38084 Utility Location Yes Ownership C NERC Location MRO NERC RFC Yes Operates Generating Plant Yes Activity Distribution Yes References EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Utility Rate Schedules Grid-background.png Alternative - Residential Residential Commercial and Industrial Loads Automated Power Monitoring Commercial Commercial and Industrial Loads Automated Power Monitoring - 200kW Commercial Commercial and industrial Loads Automated Power Monitoring Industrial Controlled Heating Commercial Controlled Water Heater - Opt 1 Commercial
HUBZone, Great Opportunity for Small Businesses
For Immediate Release HUBZone, Great Opportunity for Small Businesses CARLSBAD, N.M., March 25, 2003 - To help the region's small businesses attract federal and state work, Washington TRU Solutions LLC (WTS) will offer a Small Business Fair on May 2 in Carlsbad to introduce the U.S. Small Business Administration's (SBA) HUBZone concept and other socioeconomic programs. WTS is the prime contractor for the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). A HUBZone (Historically Underutilized Business Zone) is a geographic area designated by the SBA as economically depressed based on a ratio of population versus business volume in the area. What that means for regional businesses that qualify is an enhanced opportunity to participate in state and federal government contracts they might not ordinarily be
Great Plains Institute | Open Energy Information
Plains Institute Plains Institute Jump to: navigation, search Name Great Plains Institute Place Minneapolis, Minnesota Zip 55407 Product Works with multiple stakeholders to produce and implement policies, technologies and practices in the areas of energy security and bio-based materials. Coordinates 44.979035°, -93.264929° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":44.979035,"lon":-93.264929,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Great River Energy (28 Member Cooperatives) - Commercial and Industrial
Great River Energy (28 Member Cooperatives) - Commercial and Great River Energy (28 Member Cooperatives) - Commercial and Industrial Efficiency Rebates Great River Energy (28 Member Cooperatives) - Commercial and Industrial Efficiency Rebates < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Fed. Government Industrial Institutional Local Government Nonprofit Residential Schools State Government Tribal Government Savings Category Heating & Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Heating Cooling Appliances & Electronics Heat Pumps Commercial Lighting Lighting Manufacturing Water Heating Program Info Funding Source Great River Energy State Minnesota Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount Varies by measure and member cooperative offering. Provider Great River Energy Great River Energy, a generation and transmission cooperative which serves
Obama Administration Hosts Great Lakes Offshore Wind Workshop in Chicago
Hosts Great Lakes Offshore Wind Workshop in Hosts Great Lakes Offshore Wind Workshop in Chicago with Great Lakes Wind Collaborative Obama Administration Hosts Great Lakes Offshore Wind Workshop in Chicago with Great Lakes Wind Collaborative October 28, 2010 - 12:00am Addthis WASHINGTON - The White House Council on Environmental Quality and the U.S. Department of Energy hosted a workshop with the Great Lakes Wind Collaborative in Chicago on October 26 - 27, 2010, focused on the siting of offshore wind power in the Great Lakes. The two day workshop brought together wind developers, Federal and state regulators, environmental advocates, and other regional stakeholders to discuss methods for ensuring greater clarity, certainty and coordination of Federal and state decision-making for offshore wind development in the Great Lakes.
Great Plains Wind Energy Transmission Development Project
In fiscal year 2005, the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) received funding from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to undertake a broad array of tasks to either directly or indirectly address the barriers that faced much of the Great Plains states and their efforts to produce and transmit wind energy at the time. This program, entitled Great Plains Wind Energy Transmission Development Project, was focused on the central goal of stimulating wind energy development through expansion of new transmission capacity or development of new wind energy capacity through alternative market development. The original task structure was as follows: Task 1 - Regional Renewable Credit Tracking System (later rescoped to Small Wind Turbine Training Center); Task 2 - Multistate Transmission Collaborative; Task 3 - Wind Energy Forecasting System; and Task 4 - Analysis of the Long-Term Role of Hydrogen in the Region. As carried out, Task 1 involved the creation of the Small Wind Turbine Training Center (SWTTC). The SWTTC, located Grand Forks, North Dakota, consists of a single wind turbine, the Endurance S-250, on a 105-foot tilt-up guyed tower. The S-250 is connected to the electrical grid on the 'load side' of the electric meter, and the power produced by the wind turbine is consumed locally on the property. Establishment of the SWTTC will allow EERC personnel to provide educational opportunities to a wide range of participants, including grade school through college-level students and the general public. In addition, the facility will allow the EERC to provide technical training workshops related to the installation, operation, and maintenance of small wind turbines. In addition, under Task 1, the EERC hosted two small wind turbine workshops on May 18, 2010, and March 8, 2011, at the EERC in Grand Forks, North Dakota. Task 2 involved the EERC cosponsoring and aiding in the planning of three transmission workshops in the midwest and western regions. Under Task 3, the EERC, in collaboration with Meridian Environmental Services, developed and demonstrated the efficacy of a wind energy forecasting system for use in scheduling energy output from wind farms for a regional electrical generation and transmission utility. With the increased interest at the time of project award in the production of hydrogen as a critical future energy source, many viewed hydrogen produced from wind-generated electricity as an attractive option. In addition, many of the hydrogen production-related concepts involve utilization of energy resources without the need for additional electrical transmission. For this reason, under Task 4, the EERC provided a summary of end uses for hydrogen in the region and focused on one end product in particular (fertilizer), including several process options and related economic analyses.
Brad G. Stevens, P.E.; Troy K. Simonsen; Kerryanne M. Leroux
Cynthia Sandberg: Love Apple Farm
So I had dinner at the restaurant. It was fabulous. It was ado even more stuff for the restaurant. So that's been great.harvest we do for the restaurant, every bed that we remove
Rabkin, Sarah
The Great Plains coal gasification project status
The Great Plains Gasification Project is the first commercial-sized plant to produce substitute natural gas from coal in the United States. The plant is designed to convert 14,000 tons/D of North Dakota lignite into 137.5 million standard cubic feet of gas per day. The plant construction has been successfully completed per original design, on schedule and on budget. The plant has also been successfully turned over from construction to operations, as per the original plan. With the completion of the capital projects being implemented at the plant, plans are to achieve 70 percent stream factor in the first year of production (1985). The DOE-Chicago Operations Office has been assigned the responsibility for monitoring the project's performance against baselines of cost, schedule, and technical criteria. During the startup phase of the project, significant technological advancements have been made and considerable knowledge has been gained, both by the operators and DOE (considering this to be a first of a kind plant built in the U.S.).
Bodnaruk, B.J.
The Great Plains Coal Gasification Project is designed to convert North Dakota lignite into pipeline quality high Btu synthetic natural gas (SNG). Located in Mercer County, North Dakota, the project consists of a coal gasification plant, coal mine, and an SNG pipeline. Construction of the project started in the summer of 1981 and was essentially complete by the fourth quarter of 1984. The plant operating staff started initial start-up planning in early 1982 and moved to the plant site in late 1982. The first unit taken over from construction was the secondary water treating unit and initial operations began on August 19, 1983. The remainder of the plant was commissioned and started up in a planned sequence with initial production of SNG occurring on July 28, 1983. Both trains were in operation and the plant was producing at about 70 percent of design capacity by December 1984-a date that has been targeted for in a start-up schedule prepared some 4-5 years earlier.
Pollock, D.C.; Stockwell, R.E.
Great Lakes WIND Network | Open Energy Information
WIND Network WIND Network Jump to: navigation, search Name Great Lakes WIND Network Address 4855 W 130th Place Cleveland, Ohio Zip 44135 Sector Wind energy Product Business and legal services;Consulting; Energy provider: energy transmission and distribution; Investment/finances;Maintenance and repair;Manufacturing; Research and development; Trainining and education Phone number 215-588-1440 Website http://www.glwn.org Coordinates 41.4228056°, -81.7801592° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.4228056,"lon":-81.7801592,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Naturener USA LLC formerly Great Plains Wind Energy | Open Energy
LLC formerly Great Plains Wind Energy LLC formerly Great Plains Wind Energy Jump to: navigation, search Name Naturener USA, LLC (formerly Great Plains Wind & Energy) Place San Francisco, California Zip 94111 Sector Wind energy Product Developer of a wind farm in Montana, has been sold to Naturener S.A. References Naturener USA, LLC (formerly Great Plains Wind & Energy)[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Naturener USA, LLC (formerly Great Plains Wind & Energy) is a company located in San Francisco, California . References ↑ "Naturener USA, LLC (formerly Great Plains Wind & Energy)" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Naturener_USA_LLC_formerly_Great_Plains_Wind_Energy&oldid=3491
Great Lakes Energy - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program |
Great Lakes Energy - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program Great Lakes Energy - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program Great Lakes Energy - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program < Back Eligibility Residential Savings Category Heating & Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Heat Pumps Program Info State Michigan Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount Air-Source Heat Pumps: $250 Geothermal Heat Pumps: $500 Provider Great Lakes Energy Great Lakes Energy offers rebates to residential customers for the purchase of efficiency air-source heat pumps or geothermal heat pumps. A rebate of $250 is available for air-source heat pumps, and a $500 rebate is available for geothermal heat pumps. View the program website listed above to view program and efficiency specifics. A variety of rebates may also be available to Great Lake Energy residential
Geochemical characterization of geothermal systems in the Great Basin:
characterization of geothermal systems in the Great Basin: characterization of geothermal systems in the Great Basin: Implications for exploration, exploitation, and environmental issues Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Paper: Geochemical characterization of geothermal systems in the Great Basin: Implications for exploration, exploitation, and environmental issues Details Activities (0) Areas (0) Regions (0) Abstract: The objective of this ongoing project is the development of a representative geochemical database for a comprehensive range of elemental and isotopic parameters (i.e., beyond the typical data suite) for a range of geothermal systems in the Great Basin. Development of this database is one of the first steps in understanding the nature of geothermal systems in the Great Basin. Of particular importance in the Great Basin is utilizing
Instrumentation for Southem Great Plains D. L. Sisterson and...
counties are outlined. 318 Instrumentation for Southern Great Plains Table 1. Dates of installations of Instrumentation, side data system versions, and facilities at the SGP...
Lithium In Tufas Of The Great Basin- Exploration Implications...
In Tufas Of The Great Basin- Exploration Implications For Geothermal Energy And Lithium Resources Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Paper:...
Regional Gravity Survey of the Northern Great Salt Lake Desert...
of the Northern Great Salt Lake Desert and Adjacent Areas in Utah, Nevada, and Idaho Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Regional Gravity...
NETL: News Release - Great River Energy Unveils Prototype Module...
August 9, 2005 Great River Energy Unveils Prototype Module Coal Dryer Novel Technology Expected to Improve Marketability and Environmental Performance of High-Moisture Coal...
Planar LIF observation of unburned fuel escaping the upper ring-land crevice in an SI engine
PLIF has been used to observe the in-cylinder transport of unburned fuel that, while trapped in the ring-land and ring-groove crevices, survives combustion in the propagating flame. Away from the top-ring gap, we detect a wall-jet comprised of unburned charge exiting the top ring-land crevice opening. At the location of the top-ring gap, we observed unburned fuel lying in the cool boundary layer along the cylinder wall during the later stages of the expansion stroke. This layer is scraped into the roll-up vortex during the exhaust stroke. These data lead us to conclude that away from the end gap, unburned, high pressure charge, trapped between the two compression rings escapes as a wall jet after ring-reversal near the bottom center. Conversely, at the ring gap, when the cylinder pressure drops below the pressure between the compression rings, the trapped charge escapes through the gap and forms a thin layer on the cylinder wall.
Green, R.M.; Cloutman, L.D.
Stepwise DNA Methylation Changes Are Linked to Escape from Defined Proliferation Barriers and Mammary Epithelial Cell Immortalization
The timing and progression of DNA methylation changes during carcinogenesis are not completely understood. To develop a timeline of aberrant DNA methylation events during malignant transformation, we analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in an isogenic human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) culture model of transformation. To acquire immortality and malignancy, the cultured finite lifespan HMEC must overcome two distinct proliferation barriers. The first barrier, stasis, is mediated by the retinoblastoma protein and can be overcome by loss of p16(INK4A) expression. HMEC that escape stasis and continue to proliferate become genomically unstable before encountering a second more stringent proliferation barrier, telomere dysfunction due to telomere attrition. Rare cells that acquire telomerase expression may escape this barrier, become immortal, and develop further malignant properties. Our analysis of HMEC transitioning from finite lifespan to malignantly transformed showed that aberrant DNA methylation changes occur in a stepwise fashion early in the transformation process. The first aberrant DNA methylation step coincides with overcoming stasis, and results in few to hundreds of changes, depending on how stasis was overcome. A second step coincides with immortalization and results in hundreds of additional DNA methylation changes regardless of the immortalization pathway. A majority of these DNA methylation changes are also found in malignant breast cancer cells. These results show that large-scale epigenetic remodeling occurs in the earliest steps of mammary carcinogenesis, temporally links DNA methylation changes and overcoming cellular proliferation barriers, and provides a bank of potential epigenetic biomarkers that mayprove useful in breast cancer risk assessment.
Novak, Petr; Jensen, Taylor J.; Garbe, James C.; Stampfer, Martha R.; Futscher, Bernard W.
Multi-functional Bio-synthetic Hybrid Nanostructures for Enhanced Cellular Uptake, Endosomal Escape and Targeted Delivery Toward Diagnostics and Therapeutics
Applications of nanotechnology in medicine, also known as nanomedicine, is a rapidly growing field as it holds great potential in the development of novel therapeutics toward treatment of various diseases. Shell crosslinked knedel-like nanoparticles (SCKs) that are self assembled from amphiphilic block copolymers into polymeric micelles followed by crosslinking selectively throughout the shell domain have been investigated as theranostic agents for the delivery of nucleic acids and incorporation of imaging probes. The main focus of this dissertation is to design and develop unique multifunctional bio-synthetic hybrid nanoparticles that can carry agents for radiolabeling, moieties for inducing stealth properties to minimize protein adsorption in vivo, ligands for site-specific targeting, therapeutic payloads, and are optimized for efficient delivery of cargoes intracellularly and to the target sites toward constructing novel nanoscopic objects for therapy and diagnosis. Alteration of polymeric building blocks of the nanoparticles provides opportunities for precise control over the sizes, shapes, compositions, structures and properties of the nanoparticles. To ensure ideal performance of nanoparticles as theranostic agents, it is critical to ensure high intracellular bioavailability of the therapeutic payload conjugated to nanoparticles. Special efforts were made by employing well-defined multi-step polymerization and polymer modification reactions that involved conjugation of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) to chain terminus of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain grafts such that they were presented at the outermost surface of SCKs. Additionally, chemical modification reactions were performed on the polymer backbone to integrate positive charges onto the shell of the nanoparticles to afford cationic SCKs (cSCKs) for facilitating cellular entry and electrostatic interactions with negatively charged nucleic acids. Covalent conjugation of F3, a tumor homing peptide, post-assembly of the nanoparticles enhanced cellular uptake and knockdown of nucleolin (a shuttling protein overexpressed at the sites of angiogenesis) and thus inhibiting tumor cell growth. Furthermore, these polymer precursors of the cSCKs were modified with partial to full incorporation of histamines to facilitate their endosomal escape for efficient delivery into the cytosol. The cSCKs were further templated onto high aspect ratio anionic cylinders to form hierarchically-assembled nanostructures that bring together individual components with unique functions, such as one carrying a therapeutic payload and the other with sites for radiolabeling. These higher order nanoobjects enhance circulation in vivo, have capabilities to package nucleic acids electrostatically and contain sites for radiolabeling, providing an overall advantage over the individual components, which could each facilitate only one or the other of the combined functions. Hierarchically-assembled nanostructures were investigated for their cellular uptake, transfection behavior and radiolabeling efficiency, as the next generation of theranostic agents.
Shrestha, Ritu 1984-
The Potential Impacts of Climate Change on the Great Lakes
Global climate change could have a significant impact on the Great Lakes. A number of studies of the potential effects of climate change on the Great Lakes were commissioned by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, using common scenarios of ...
Joel B. Smith
Accomplishments At The Great Basin Center For Geothermal Energy | Open
Accomplishments At The Great Basin Center For Geothermal Energy Accomplishments At The Great Basin Center For Geothermal Energy Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Paper: Accomplishments At The Great Basin Center For Geothermal Energy Details Activities (0) Areas (0) Regions (0) Abstract: The Great Basin Center for Geothermal Energy (GBCGE) has been funded by DOE since March 2002 to conduct geothermal resource exploration and assessment in the Great Basin. In that time, those efforts have led to significant advances in understanding the regional and local conditions necessary for the formation of geothermal systems. Accomplishments include the development of GPS-based crustal strain rate measurements as a geothermal exploration tool, development of new methods of detecting geothermal features with remotely sensed imagery, and the detection of
Relating Geothermal Resources To Great Basin Tectonics Using Gps | Open
Relating Geothermal Resources To Great Basin Tectonics Using Gps Relating Geothermal Resources To Great Basin Tectonics Using Gps Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Paper: Relating Geothermal Resources To Great Basin Tectonics Using Gps Details Activities (8) Areas (4) Regions (0) Abstract: The Great Basin is characterized by non-magmatic geothermal fields, which we hypothesize are created, sustained, and controlled by active tectonics. In the Great Basin, GPS-measured rates of tectonic "transtensional" (shear plus dilatational) strain rate is correlated with geothermal well temperatures and the locations of known geothermal fields. This has led to a conceptual model in which non-magmatic geothermal systems are controlled by the style of strain, where shear (strike-slip faulting)
Use of Dual Frequency Identification Sonar to Determine Adult Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Escapement in the Secesh River, Idaho ; Annual Report, January 2008 – December 2008.
Chinook salmon in the Snake River basin were listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1992 (NMFS 1992). The Secesh River represents the only stream in the Snake River basin where natural origin (wild) salmon escapement monitoring occurs at the population level, absent a supplementation program. As such the Secesh River has been identified as a long term salmon escapement and productivity monitoring site by the Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resources Management. Salmon managers will use this data for effective population management and evaluation of the effect of conservation actions on a natural origin salmon population. The Secesh River also acts as a reference stream for supplementation program comparison. Dual frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) was used to determine adult spring and summer Chinook salmon escapement in the Secesh River in 2008. DIDSON technology was selected because it provided a non-invasive method for escapement monitoring that avoided listed species trapping and handling incidental mortality, and fish impedance related concerns. The DIDSON monitoring site was operated continuously from June 13 to September 14. The first salmon passage was observed on July 3. DIDSON site total estimated salmon escapement, natural and hatchery fish, was 888 fish {+-} 65 fish (95% confidence interval). Coefficient of variation associated with the escapement estimate was 3.7%. The DIDSON unit was operational 98.1% of the salmon migration period. Adult salmon migration timing in the Secesh River occurred over 74 days from July 3 to September 14, with 5,262 total fish passages observed. The spawning migration had 10%, median, and 90% passage dates of July 8, July 16, and August 12, respectively. The maximum number of net upstream migrating salmon was above the DIDSON monitoring site on August 27. Validation monitoring of DIDSON target counts with underwater optical cameras occurred for species identification. A total of 860 optical camera identified salmon passage observations were identical to DIDSON target counts. However, optical cameras identified eight jack salmon (3 upstream, 5 downstream) less than 55 cm in length that DIDSON did not count as salmon because of the length criteria employed ({ge} 55 cm). Precision of the DIDSON technology was evaluated by comparing estimated net upstream salmon escapement and associated 95% confidence intervals between two DIDSON sonar units operated over a five day period. The DIDSON 1 salmon escapement was 145.7 fish ({+-} 2.3), and the DIDSON 2 escapement estimate was 150.5 fish ({+-} 5). The overlap in the 95% confidence intervals suggested that the two escapement estimates were not significantly different from each other. Known length salmon carcass trials were conducted in 2008 to examine the accuracy of manually measured lengths, obtained using DIDSON software, on high frequency files at a 5 m window length. Linear regression demonstrated a highly significant relationship between known lengths and manually measured salmon carcass lengths (p < 0.0001). A positive bias in manual length measurement of 6.8% to 8% existed among the two observers in the analysis. Total Secesh River salmon escapement (natural origin and hatchery) in 2008 was 912 fish. Natural origin salmon escapement in the entire Secesh River drainage was 847 fish. The estimated natural origin spawner abundance was 836 fish. Salmon spawner abundance in 2008 increased by three fold compared to 2007 abundance levels. The 10 year geometric mean natural origin spawner abundance was 538 salmon and was below the recommended viable population threshold level established by the ICTRT (2007). One additional Snake River basin salmon population was assessed for comparison of natural origin salmon spawner abundance. The Johnson Creek/EFSF Salmon River population had a 10 year geometric mean natural origin spawner abundance of 254 salmon. Salmon spawner abundance levels in both streams were below viable population thresholds. DIDSON technology has been used in the Secesh River to determine salmo
Kucera, Paul A. [Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resources Management
Restaurants | ENERGY STAR Buildings & Plants
system Light your exit signs with incandescent bulbs Replace the bulbs with light emitting diode (LED) exit sign retrofit kits Light your parking area with incandescent or...
Restaurant Energy Use Benchmarking Guideline
A significant operational challenge for food service operators is defining energy use benchmark metrics to compare against the performance of individual stores. Without metrics, multiunit operators and managers have difficulty identifying which stores in their portfolios require extra attention to bring their energy performance in line with expectations. This report presents a method whereby multiunit operators may use their own utility data to create suitable metrics for evaluating their operations.
Hedrick, R.; Smith, V.; Field, K.
Android application of restaurant finder.
??Mobile applications can be one of the best ways to keep consumers engaged with a brand as they are on the move. With the increase… (more)
Parne, Spoorthy Reddy
The norm of restaurant tipping
Using survey data, we identify a variety of factors that influence tipping behavior and in the process lay out a simple theoretical framework to help to interpret our empirical observations. We first investigate the efficiency of observed tipping behavior. While there are elements of efficiency— notably, percent tip depends on service quality—it does not appear fully efficient. We then posit a model in which customers trade off material well-being against disutility from not adhering to the norm, and we use this model to reinterpret initial empirical findings and make additional empirical predictions.
Michael Conlin; Michael Lynn; Ted O'Donoghue
Influence of the Laurentian Great Lakes on Regional Climate
The influence of the Laurentian Great Lakes on climate is assessed by comparing two decade-long simulations, with the lakes either included or excluded, using the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model, ...
Michael Notaro; Kathleen Holman; Azar Zarrin; Elody Fluck; Steve Vavrus; Val Bennington
Return Levels of Northern Great Plains Snow Water Equivalents
This paper estimates return levels of extreme snow water equivalents (SWE) in the northern Great Plains region, containing North and South Dakota, Iowa, Minnesota, and Nebraska. The return levels are estimated from extreme-value methods using a ...
Andrew J. Grundstein; Qi Qi Lu; Robert Lund
PPPL: Great story, Bright Future | Princeton Plasma Physics Lab
Great story, Bright Future By Kitta MacPherson May 12, 2011 Tweet Widget Facebook Like Google Plus One Stewart Prager Stewart Prager Stewart Prager Stewart Prager Stewart Prager...
Improving 30-Day Great Lakes Ice Cover Outlooks
Prediction of Great Lakes ice cover is important for winter operations and planning activities. Current 30-day forecasts use accumulated freezing degree-days (AFDDs) to identify similar historical events and associated ice cover. The authors ...
Raymond Assel; Sheldon Drobot; Thomas E. Croley II
Computer and Internet Use by Great Plains Farmers
Marshall Frasier. 1999. "Farm Computer Adoption in the GreatW.M. Frasier. 2002. "Computers in Agriculture. " Agronomy1263-1269. Baker, G. 1992. "Computer Adoption and Use by New
Smith, Aaron; Morrison Paul, Catherine J.; Goe, W. Richard; Kenney, Martin
On Long-Term Net Flow over Great Bahama Bank
A 398-day time series of middepth current measurements is combined with available wind and bottom pressure measurements and historical salinity data to characterize long-term net flow patterns over Great Bahama Bank between the Tongue of the ...
Ned P. Smith
The Frequency and Intensity of Great Lake Cyclones
Cyclones are an important feature of the Great Lakes region that can have important impacts on shipping, lake temperature profiles, ice cover, and shoreline property damages. The objective of this research is to analyze the frequency and ...
James R. Angel; Scott A. Isard
Drought in the Great Plains: History of Societal Response
The Great Plains has a long history of drought episodes which have, in some years, significantly reducedexpected crop yields. The historic evidence suggests that such droughts will probably recur in the future.The drought of the 1930's stimulated ...
Alan D. Hecht
Targeting Of Potential Geothermal Resources In The Great Basin From
Targeting Of Potential Geothermal Resources In The Great Basin From Targeting Of Potential Geothermal Resources In The Great Basin From Regional To Basin-Scale Relationship Between Geodetic Strain And Geological Structures Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Paper: Targeting Of Potential Geothermal Resources In The Great Basin From Regional To Basin-Scale Relationship Between Geodetic Strain And Geological Structures Details Activities (9) Areas (3) Regions (0) Abstract: We apply a new method to target potential geothermal resources on the regional scale in the Great Basin by seeking relationships between geologic structures and GPS-geodetic observations of regional tectonic strain. First, we establish a theoretical basis for underst~dingh ow the rate of fracture opening can be related to the directional trend of faults
Obama Administration and Great Lakes States Announce Agreement to Spur
and Great Lakes States Announce Agreement to and Great Lakes States Announce Agreement to Spur Development of Offshore Wind Projects Obama Administration and Great Lakes States Announce Agreement to Spur Development of Offshore Wind Projects March 30, 2012 - 12:00pm Addthis Washington, D.C. - As part of President Obama's all of the above approach to energy, the Obama Administration today joined with the governors of Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, New York and Pennsylvania to announce the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that will streamline the efficient and responsible development of offshore wind resources in the Great Lakes. This effort underscores the President's commitment to American made energy, increasing energy independence, and creating jobs. "President Obama is focused on leveraging American energy sources,
Great Lakes Surface Environmental Analysis | Data.gov
Great Lakes Surface Environmental Analysis Great Lakes Surface Environmental Analysis Agriculture Community Menu DATA APPS EVENTS DEVELOPER STATISTICS COLLABORATE ABOUT Agriculture You are here Data.gov » Communities » Agriculture » Data Great Lakes Surface Environmental Analysis Dataset Summary Description The Great Lakes Surface Environmental Analysis (GLSEA2) is a digital map of the Great Lakes surface water temperature and ice cover which is produced daily at the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) in Ann Arbor, Michigan through the NOAA CoastWatch program. The GLSEA is stored as a 1024x1024 pixel map in PNG or ASCII format, suitable for viewing on PCs and workstations with readily available software. The lake surface temperatures are derived from NOAA polar-orbiting satellite imagery obtained through the Great Lakes CoastWatch program. The addition of ice cover information was implemented in early 1999, using data provided by the National Ice Center (NIC). Lake surface temperatures are updated daily with information from the cloud-free portions of the previous day's satellite imagery. If no imagery is available, a smoothing algorithm is applied to the previous day's map. Ice information will then be added, using the most recent Great Lakes Ice Analysis produced by NIC, currently daily during the ice season. GLERL is currently receiving a product suite of an average of 108 enhanced digital images including satellite-derived surface temperature (Fig. 1.1), visible and near-infrared reflectance, brightness temperatures, cloud masks, and satellite/solar zenith angle data from the NOAA/AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer).
Financial status of the Great Plains coal gasification project
Great Plains Gasification Associates and the Department of Energy (DOE) signed a loan guarantee agreement in January 1982 for up to $2.02 billion of the estimated $2.76 billion needed to construct a plant producing synthetic gas from coal. Faced with deteriorating financial projections in the wake of declining energy prices, Great Plains applied to the US Synthetic Fuels Corporation (SFC) for additional project assistance. In April 1984 SFC tentatively agreed to provide Great Plains up to $790 million in price guarantee assistance. In return, the Great Plains partners would contribute more equity and Great Plains would repay the DOE-guaranteed loan faster and share profits with SFC. According to GAO's assessment of SFC's proposed assistance, a lower amount of assistance could achieve the same results if Great Plains' partners could fully use certain tax credits and if energy prices and other assumptions remained the same as those SFC used in April 1984. Since April 1984, however, several changes have occurred, such as a continued decline in energy prices. An August 1984 SFC analysis indicated that the decline in energy price offset the effect of the increase tax credits. Other changes have also occurred, but SFC analyses subsequent to August 1984 showing the impact of these changes were not available to GAO. If all changes since April 1984 were incorporated into GAO's analyses, the results could be different.
Multidecadal Drought Cycles in the Great Basin Recorded by the Great Salt Lake: Modulation from a Transition-Phase Teleconnection
This study investigates the meteorological conditions associated with multidecadal drought cycles as revealed by lake level fluctuation of the Great Salt Lake (GSL). The analysis combined instrumental, proxy, and simulation datasets, including the ...
Shih-Yu Wang; Robert R. Gillies; Thomas Reichler
Great Lakes Science Center Wind Farm | Open Energy Information
Science Center Wind Farm Science Center Wind Farm Jump to: navigation, search Name Great Lakes Science Center Wind Farm Facility Great Lakes Science Center Sector Wind energy Facility Type Community Wind Facility Status In Service Owner Great Lakes Science Center Developer Great Lakes Science Center Energy Purchaser Great Lakes Science Center Location Cleveland OH Coordinates 41.506659°, -81.696816° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.506659,"lon":-81.696816,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
WASTE DISPOSITION PROJECT MAKES GREAT STRIDES AT THE IDAHO SITE WASTE DISPOSITION PROJECT MAKES GREAT STRIDES AT THE IDAHO SITE WASTE DISPOSITION PROJECT MAKES GREAT STRIDES AT THE IDAHO SITE April 1, 2010 - 12:00pm Addthis An operator uses robotic manipulators to process RH TRU. An operator uses robotic manipulators to process RH TRU. Idaho - The Waste Disposition Project Team at the Department of Energy's Idaho Site has continued to keep its commitment to remove remote handled (RH) transuranic (TRU) waste out of Idaho, protecting the Snake River Plain Aquifer and keeping the Office of Environmental Management's commitment to environmental clean up. In 2007, the first shipment of RH TRU waste left the gates of the Idaho Site, headed to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) for disposal. In the three years since, devoted individuals on the CH2M-WG, Idaho's (CWI)
CO2 Injection in Kansas Oilfield Could Greatly Increase Production,
in Kansas Oilfield Could Greatly Increase Production, in Kansas Oilfield Could Greatly Increase Production, Permanently Store Carbon Dioxide, DOE Study Says CO2 Injection in Kansas Oilfield Could Greatly Increase Production, Permanently Store Carbon Dioxide, DOE Study Says August 31, 2011 - 1:00pm Addthis Washington, DC - The feasibility of using carbon dioxide (CO2) injection for recovering between 250 million and 500 million additional barrels of oil from Kansas oilfields has been established in a study funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The University of Kansas Center for Research studied the possibility of near-miscible CO2 flooding for extending the life of mature oilfields in the Arbuckle Formation while simultaneously providing permanent geologic storage of carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas.
Status of the Great Plains coal gasification project - Summer 1983
Construction of the Great Plains coal gasification plant in North Dakota was 3 weeks behind schedule as of May 31, 1983, but cumulative project costs were less than originally estimated. A March 1983 analysis by Great Plains raised questions about the project's economic viability, which is closely linked to future energy prices. The estimated gas prices used in the analysis were lower than those used in January 1982 to justify construction. As a result, the project's investors are concerned about possible losses during the early years of operations. GAO's review shows, however, that Great Plains did not consider substantial tax benefits which may be available to the parent companies of the project's investors. If these benefits are considered, the project's economic viability could be more positive. Should the investors end their participation, some tax benefits previously obtained would have to be repaid.
Status of the Great Plains coal gasification project
Construction of the Great Plains coal gasification plant in North Dakota was 95 percent complete and only about 2 weeks behind schedule as of November 30, 1983. Cumulative project costs were less than originally estimated for this date. Due to a drop in forecasted energy prices, Great Plains, in September 1983, projected that plant operations could result in large after-tax losses and negative cash flows for the sponsors. Great Plains notified the Department of Energy that it was considering terminating its participation in the project in the absence of additional federal assistance. In this regard, additional assistance in the form of price guarantees for the project's synthetic natural gas are being considered by the US Synthetic Fuels Corporation.
Status of the Great Plains coal gasification project, August 1982
Construction of the Great Plains coal gasification plant in Mercer County, North Dakota, is 4 to 6 weeks behind schedule, but no long-term impacts are anticipated. Cumulative project costs are lower than originally estimated. Overall, the management system established to oversee project construction appears comprehensive. However, some weaknesses exist in the computerized information system, which produces most project data. The Department of Energy complied with statutory requirements in awarding the Great Plains loan guarantee for an alternative fuel demonstration project and is actively working to fulfill its responsibilities as the project's overseer. However, the Department needs to audit the costs incurred by Great Plains to determine that funds are being used only for eligible project costs.
Saluting a Great American Scientist-Founder This Thanksgiving | Department
Saluting a Great American Scientist-Founder This Thanksgiving Saluting a Great American Scientist-Founder This Thanksgiving Saluting a Great American Scientist-Founder This Thanksgiving November 24, 2010 - 11:32am Addthis Charles Rousseaux Charles Rousseaux Senior Writer, Office of Science Tomorrow, we at the Department of Energy join with all of you, our fellow citizens, in giving thanks. We're thankful for the little things; for the fair gatherings of food and family and friends; for the tryptophan comas that will kick in amid the fowl football kick-offs. (The Lions are playing...followed by Cowboys and then the Bengals, teams with a combined record of seven wins and 23 losses.) We're even more thankful for the big things; for our nation; for our proud past and daring future; for the undaunted courage and iconoclastic
Two Days, One Great Mashup | Data.gov
Two Days, One Great Mashup Two Days, One Great Mashup Developer Data Web Services Source Code Challenges Semantic Web Blogs Let's Talk Developers You are here Data.gov » Communities » Developers Two Days, One Great Mashup Submitted by Data.gov Administrator on Tue, 12/18/2012 - 6:21pm Mashups are intriguing because you can create new stories from data that is accessible yet completely independent - multiple datasets merging in a way that was not expected," said Ryan McKeel, Digital Assets Applications Developer at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado, whose Open Energy Initiative (OpenEI.org) team helped build the Energy Data Mashup. "For instance, if you combine U.S. Census data with crime and voting records, you start painting a unique story that none of the data
JW Great Lakes Wind LLC | Open Energy Information
JW Great Lakes Wind LLC JW Great Lakes Wind LLC Jump to: navigation, search Name JW Great Lakes Wind LLC Place Cleveland, Ohio Zip 44114-4420 Sector Wind energy Product Ohio based subsidiary of Juwi International that develops wind projects. Coordinates 41.504365°, -81.690459° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.504365,"lon":-81.690459,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
CO2 Injection in Kansas Oilfield Could Greatly Increase Production, CO2 Injection in Kansas Oilfield Could Greatly Increase Production, Permanently Store Carbon Dioxide, DOE Study Says CO2 Injection in Kansas Oilfield Could Greatly Increase Production, Permanently Store Carbon Dioxide, DOE Study Says August 31, 2011 - 1:00pm Addthis Washington, DC - The feasibility of using carbon dioxide (CO2) injection for recovering between 250 million and 500 million additional barrels of oil from Kansas oilfields has been established in a study funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The University of Kansas Center for Research studied the possibility of near-miscible CO2 flooding for extending the life of mature oilfields in the Arbuckle Formation while simultaneously providing permanent geologic storage of carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas.
Why sequence thermophiles in Great Basin hot springs?
thermophiles in Great Basin hot springs? thermophiles in Great Basin hot springs? A thermophile is an organism that thrives in extremely hot temperature conditions. These conditions are found in the Great Basin hot springs, where the organisms have been exposed to unique conditions which guide their lifecycle. High temperature environments often support large and diverse populations of microorganisms, which appear to be hot spots of biological innovation of carbon fixation. Sequencing these microbes that make their home in deadly heat could provide various insights into understanding energy production and carbon cycling. Converting cellulosic biomass to ethanol is one of the most promising strategies to reduce petroleum consumption in the near future. This can only be achieved by enhancing recovery of fermentable sugars from complex
National Parks Move Transportation Forward in America's Great Outdoors |
Parks Move Transportation Forward in America's Great Parks Move Transportation Forward in America's Great Outdoors National Parks Move Transportation Forward in America's Great Outdoors March 28, 2013 - 3:00pm Addthis Together, the five newest National Parks Initiative projects will save the equivalent of nearly 10,000 gallons of gasoline and 71 tons of greenhouse gas emissions per year. | Infographic by Sarah Gerrity, Energy Department. Together, the five newest National Parks Initiative projects will save the equivalent of nearly 10,000 gallons of gasoline and 71 tons of greenhouse gas emissions per year. | Infographic by Sarah Gerrity, Energy Department. Shannon Brescher Shea Communications Manager, Clean Cities Program What are the key facts? The five new National Parks Initiative projects will save the
Lithium In Tufas Of The Great Basin- Exploration Implications For
In Tufas Of The Great Basin- Exploration Implications For In Tufas Of The Great Basin- Exploration Implications For Geothermal Energy And Lithium Resources Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Paper: Lithium In Tufas Of The Great Basin- Exploration Implications For Geothermal Energy And Lithium Resources Details Activities (8) Areas (4) Regions (0) Abstract: Lithium/magnesium, lithium/sodium, and to a lesser extent, potassium/magnesium ratios in calcium carbonate tufa columns provide a fingerprint for distinguishing tufa columns formed from thermal spring waters versus those formed from non-thermal spring waters. These ratios form the basis of the Mg/Li, Na/Li, and K/Mg fluid geothermometers commonly used in geothermal exploration, which are based on the fact that at elevated temperatures, due to mineral-fluid equilibria, lithium
Synthetic fuels: Status of the Great Plains coal gasification project
Sponsors of the Great Plains coal gasification project in North Dakota defaulted on a federal loan in the amount of $1.54 billion. The Department of Energy has obtained title to the Great Plains project and is evaluating proposals from investment banking-type companies to assist it in selling the plant and its assets. This fact sheet highlights recent legal action concerning gas purchase agreements and mortgage foreclosure; the status of the project's sponsors' outstanding liability; DOE's progress in evaluating its options; revenue, expense, production, and plant employment data; capital improvement projects; and plant maintenance issues.
Great Plains Project: at worst a $1. 7 billion squeeze
On January 29, 1982, seeking a loan guarantee for its coal-to-gas synfuels project, Great Plains Gasification Associates told the Department of Energy that they expected to reap $1.2 billion in net income to the partnership during the first 10 years of the venture. On March 31, 1983, Great Plains treasurer Rodney Boulanger had a different projection: a horrific loss of $773 million in the first decade. The Great Plains project, with construction 50% complete, is being built near Beulah, ND. The project has a design capacity of 137.5 million cubic feet a day of SNG. Great Plains' analysis assumes that the plant will operate at 70% of design capacity in 1985, 77% in 1986, 84% in 1987 and 91% thereafter. The company projects the total project cost at $2.1 billion, consisting of plant costs of $1.9 billion and coal mine costs of $156 million. In originally projecting a cumulative net income of better than $1 billion, the partners anticipated running losses in only three of the first 10 years, and cash distributions from the project of $893 million during the first decade. Under the new projections, even in the best case, the first four years would show losses and there would be no distribution to the partners. In the worst case, the project would run in the red every year for the first 10 years.
Maize, K.
Financial situation of the Great Plains Coal Gasification Project
GAO reviewed drafts of DOE's National Energy Policy Plan IV, calculated synthetic gas prices using Great Plains methodology, converted those prices to current year dollars, and used DOE's computer model of the project's economics to analyze the cash flow forecast. GAO found both the model and the data produced to be reliable. (PSB)
Jupiter's Great Red Spot as a Shallow Water System
Most current models of Jupiter's Great Red Spot (GRS) are cast in terms of a two-layer model, where a thin upper weather layer, which contains the vortex, overlies a much deeper layer, which is meant to represent the neutrally stratified deep ...
Timothy E. Dowling; Andrew P. Ingersoll
Irrigation-Induced Rainfall and the Great Plains
The post–World War II increase in irrigation in the Great Plains represents the largest human-induced hydrologic impact in North America. Drawn primarily from the High Plains aquifer, water applied as irrigation in the region amounts to billions ...
Nathan Moore; Stuart Rojstaczer
August 2012 Brazil is one of the great success stories
August 2012 Brazil is one of the great success stories of the last several decades  and today has become a vibrant democracy and an economic powerhouse. Brazil's international profile has never been and staff. Our study of Brazil is strong and our engagement with Brazil is growing. Today, work
Oxford, University of
Lake-Effect Thunderstorms in the Lower Great Lakes
Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning, radar, and radiosonde data were examined to determine how frequently lake-effect storms (rain/snow) with lightning occurred over and near the lower Great Lakes region (Lakes Erie and Ontario) from September 1995 ...
Scott M. Steiger; Robert Hamilton; Jason Keeler; Richard E. Orville
INTRODUCTION The Great Basin Center for Geothermal Energy (GBCGE)
in part- nership with U.S. industry to establish geothermal energy as a sustainable, environmentally sound, economically competitive contributor to energy supply in the western United States by (1) providing neededINTRODUCTION The Great Basin Center for Geothermal Energy (GBCGE) was established at the University
Arehart, Greg B.
Western Gas Sands Project: Northern Great Plains Province review
The synopsis outlines the Upper Cretaceous low permeability natural (biogenic) gas formations of the Northern Great Plains Province (NGPP) of Montana, Wyoming, North and South Dakota. The main objectives are to present a general picture of that stratigraphy, significant structures, and natural gas potential.
Newman, III, H E [comp.
Loss of Cherished Places -- Place Character and Climate Change along Australia's Great Ocean Road
Change along Australia's Great Ocean Road Ray Green The paceStudies along the Great Ocean Road The research discussedplace along Australia's Great Ocean Road. 5 The road, in the
Green, Ray
Economics of the Great Plains coal gasification project
the Great Plains project will be the Nation's first commercial-scale plant producing synthetic gas from coal. The project's first annual economic report, released in March 1983, was much less optimistic than a similar analysis prepared in January 1982 to justify construction. GAO found that: the main reason for the changed economic outlook was that the assumed synthetic gas prices used in the March analysis were significantly lower than those used previously. Great Plains did not, nor was it required to, consider tax implications to the parent companies of the project's partners. If these implications are considered, the economics could be more optimistic than the March 1983 report indicates. Should the partners end their participation, some tax benefits would have to be repaid. Although the project is a potentially attractive investment, its financial viability is extremely sensitive to the future prices of synthetic gas. Even a small deviation in prices could significantly affect its economics.
Synthetic fuels. Status of the Great Plains Coal Gasification Project
This report includes updated information obtained through February 14, 1986, on the loan-default, Great Plains loan and gas pricing formula, legal matters and agreements, the Department of Energy's options and actions, and Great Plains operations. The new information highlights changes in the gas pricing calculations; legal action concerning gas purchase agreements and mortgage foreclosure; the Department's determination of the project sponsors' outstanding liability; the Department's progress in evaluating its options; revenue, expense, production, and plant employment data; capital improvement projects; and plant maintenance issues. Our November fact sheet included information on socioeconomic issues. We have not obtained any additional information on these issues and are, therefore, not repeating the socioeconomic information in this fact sheet.
Update on the Great Plains Coal Gasification Project
The Great Plains Gasification Plant is the US's first commercial synthetic fuels project based on coal conversion. The ANG Coal Gasification Company is the administer of the Great Plains Coal Gasification Project for the United States Department of Energy. The Project is designed to convert 14 M TPD of North Dakota of lignite into 137.5 MM SCFD of pipeline quality synthetic natural gas (SNG). Located in Mercer County, North Dakota, the gasification plant, and an SNG pipeline. Some 12 years passed from the time the project was conceived unit it became a reality by producing SNG into the Northern Border pipeline in 1984 for use by millions of residential, commercial, and industrial consumers. In this paper, the basic processes utilized in the plant are presented. This is followed by a discussion of the start-up activities and schedule. Finally, some of the more interesting start-up problems are described.
Imler, D.L.
Interactive Maps from the Great Basin Center for Geothermal Energy
DOE Data Explorer (OSTI)
The Great Basin Center for Geothermal Energy, part of the University of Nevada, Reno, conducts research towards the establishment of geothermal energy as an economically viable energy source within the Great Basin. The Center specializes in collecting and synthesizing geologic, geochemical, geodetic, geophysical, and tectonic data, and using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to view and analyze this data and to produce favorability maps of geothermal potential. The interactive maps are built with layers of spatial data that are also available as direct file downloads (see DDE00299). The maps allow analysis of these many layers, with various data sets turned on or off, for determining potential areas that would be favorable for geothermal drilling or other activity. They provide information on current exploration projects and leases, Bureau of Land Management land status, and map presentation of each type of scientific spatial data: geothermal, geophysical, geologic, geodetic, groundwater, and geochemical.
Wind energy resource atlas. Volume 3. Great Lakes Region
The Great Lakes Region atlas assimilates six collections of wind resource data, one for the region and one for each of the five states that compose the Great Lakes region: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin. At the state level, features of the climate, topography, and wind resource are discussed in greater detail than in the regional discussion and the data locations on which the assessment is based are mapped. Variations over several time scales in the wind resource at selected stations in each state are shown on graphs of monthly average and interannual wind speed and power, and of hourly average wind speed for each season. Other graphs present speed, direction, and duration frequencies of the wind at these locations.
Paton, D.L.; Bass, A.; Smith, D.G.; Elliott, D.L.; Barchet, W.R.; George, R.L.
NETL: Ambient Monitoring - Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Great Smoky Mountains Project (GSMP) Great Smoky Mountains Project (GSMP) Background Fine particle annual mass concentrations in the Tennessee Valley range from 14 to20 micrograms per cubic meter. All seven urban/suburban sites exceeded the annual PM2.5 standard; only the rural Lawrence County TN site remained below the 15 µg/m3 annual standard. None of the stations exceeded the 65 µg/m3 level of the 24-hour PM2.5 standard. Summer high-winter low seasonality is evident. The current FRM PM2.5 mass measurements under-estimate the contribution of volatile/semi-volatile nitrates and organic carbon species. The semi-volatile organic fraction is both highly variable and significant, and assessments of semi-volatile and non-volatile organic carbon fractions are needed when particle composition measurements are made, especially at urban sites.
DOE assists in meeting social impacts of Great Plains Plant
On August 15, 1986 Department of Energy Secretary John S. Herrington pledged that federal funds of $100,000 per month would be provided to the local governments and school districts of Mercer County, North Dakota. These funds are intended to assist the governments meet demands caused by the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant. The community impact assistance will continue for as long as the government is the owner of the facility.
Ultrabroad-Band, Greatly Enhanced Light Absorption by Monolayer Graphene
We demonstrate greatly enhanced light absorption by monolayer graphene over a broad spectral range, from visible to near infrared, based on the attenuated total reflection. In the experiment, graphene is sandwiched between two dielectric media referred as superstrate and substrate. Based on numerical calculation and experimental results, the closer the refractive indices of the superstrate and the substrate, the higher the absorption of graphene will be. The light absorption of monolayer graphene up to 42.7% is experimentally achieved.
Zhao, Wangshi; Lu, Zhaolin
EIS-0408: Upper Great Plains Programmatic Wind EIS
This EIS, being prepared jointly by DOE's Western Area Power Administration and the Department of the Interior's Fish and Wildlife Service, will evaluate the environmental impacts of wind energy development in Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota – Western's Upper Great Plains customer service region. Western will use the EIS to implement a comprehensive regional program to manage interconnection requests for wind energy projects.
Geothermal resources of the Washakie and Great Divide basins, Wyoming
The geothermal resources of the Great Divide and Washakie Basins of southern Wyoming are described. Oil well bottomhole temperatures, thermal logs of wells, and heat flow data were interpreted within a framework of geologic and hydrologic constraints. It was concluded large areas in Wyoming are underlain by water hotter than 120{sup 0}F. Isolated areas with high temperature gradients exist within each basin. 68 refs., 8 figs., 7 tabs. (ACR)
Heasler, H.P.; Buelow, K.L.
Serial Echocardiographic Evaluation of 22 Closely Related Great Danes
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate a family of Great Danes with known dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) using serial echocardiographic evaluation. Animals, Materials, and Methods: Twenty-two dogs were included in this study. They were split into two groups, clinically normal and those with DCM. The dogs were scanned using 2D and M-mode echocardiography every thirty to sixty days beginning at approximately14-20 days of age. Data were collected and analyzed using generalized additive mixed regression, linear regression, and non-linear regression. Results: All dogs demonstrated progressive echocardiographic changes. The Great Danes with DCM showed several echocardiographic differences when compared to the normal dogs. They included differences in left ventricular diameter, left atrial diameter, interventricular septal thickness, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening. Conclusions: The present study shows that progressive echocardiographic changes occur in both clinically normal Great Danes and those with DCM as they mature. Additionally, the two groups differed with regards to left ventricular diameter, left atrial diameter, interventricular septal thickness, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening.
Farmer, Michael R.
Great Plaines installs directionally drilled crossings in Texas
This paper reports on installing a five- line wide, one-line long products system for ARCO Pipe Line Co. (APLC) in a crowded utility right of way required Great Plains Pipeline Construction Co. to complete three directionally drilled crossings and over 50 conventional bored crossings in the Channelview, Texas area. The pipe line route closely parallels a 4-mi ROW section of Houston Power and Light Co. (HP and L) and about 4 mi of Union Pacific Railroad tracks. Due to overhead towers carrying high-voltage electric transmission lines, Great Plains bored under the existing towers in HP and L's easement to preserve the right of way for future tower expansion. Laney, Inc., subcontracted the conventional bores underneath towers and minor roads. Laney Directional Drilling Co. was the prime contractor for two horizontal directionally drilled crossings of the Houston Ship Channel and Carpenter's Bayou. Great Plains, with its own crew, completed three roadway crossings in high-traffic areas. Engineering and material procurement was handled by APLC.
Thiede, K.L.
Great Western Malting Company geothermal project, Pocatello, Idaho. Final report
The Great Western Malting Company recently constructed a barley malting facility in Pocatello, Idaho, designed to produce 6.0 million bushels per year of brewing malt. This facility uses natural gas to supply the energy for germination and kilning processes. The escalating cost of natural gas has prompted the company to look at alternate and more economical sources of energy. Trans Energy Systems has investigated the viabiity of using geothermal energy at the new barley processing plant. Preliminary investigations show that a geothermal resource probably exists, and payback on the installation of a system to utilize the resource will occur in under 2 years. The Great Western Malting plant site has geological characteristics which are similar to areas where productive geothermal wells have been established. Geological investigations indicate that resource water temperatures will be in the 150 to 200/sup 0/F range. Geothermal energy of this quality will supply 30 to 98% of the heating requirements currently supplied by natural gas for this malting plant. Trans Energy Systems has analyzed several systems of utilizing the geothermal resource at the Great Western barley malting facility. These systems included: direct use of geothermal water; geothermal energy heating process water through an intermediary heat exchanger; coal or gas boosted geothermal systems; and heat pump boosted geothermal system. The analysis examined the steps that are required to process the grain.
Christensen, N.T.; McGeen, M.A.; Corlett, D.F.; Urmston, R.
Great plains coal gasification plant: Technical lessons learned report
In a first of a kind, grass roots plant of the complexity of the Great Plains Gasification Plant the lessons learned are numerous and encompass a wide range of items. This report documents the lessons learned from all phases of the project from preliminary design through the most recent operation of the plant. Based on these lessons learned, suggestions are made for changes and/or process improvements to future synfuel plants. In addition, recommendations are made for research and development in selected areas. 46 refs., 31 figs., 33 tabs.
Delaney, R.C.; Mako, P.F.
Great Plains Gasification Project process stream design data. Final report
The Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant (GPGP) in the first commercial coal-to-SNG synthetic fuel plant constructed and operated in the United States. This process stream design data report provides non-proprietary information to the public on the major GPGP process streams. The report includes a simplified plant process block flow diagram, process input/output diagrams and stream design data sheets for 161 major GPGP process and effluent streams. This stream design data provides an important base for evaluation of plant and process performance and for verification of the DOE ASPEN computer simulation models of the GPGP processes. 8 refs.
Honea, F.I.
Household Energy Expenditure and Income Groups: Evidence from Great Britain
and 0.024 for district heating However, as income is not observed its effect cannot be analysed. Wu et al. (2004) examine the demand for space heating in Armenia, Moldova, and Kyrgyz Republic using household survey data. In these countries... and in some regions incomes are not sufficient to afford space heating from district heating systems making these systems unviable. We analyse electricity, gas and overall energy spending for a large sample of households in Great Britain. We discern inflection points and discuss...
Jamasb, Tooraj; Meier, H
Great Lakes Biomass State and Regional Partnership (GLBSRP)
The Council of Great Lakes Governors administered the Great Lakes Biomass State and Regional Partnership (GLBSRP) under contract with the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE). This Partnership grew out of the existing Regional Biomass Energy Program which the Council had administered since 1983. The GLBSRP includes the States of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and Wisconsin. The GLBSRPĂ?Â?s overall goal is to facilitate the increased production and use of bioenergy and biobased products throughout the region. The GLBSRP has traditionally addressed its goals and objectives through a three-pronged approach: providing grants to the States; undertaking region-wide education, outreach and technology transfer projects; and, providing in-house management, support and information dissemination. At the direction of US Department of Energy, the primary emphasis of the GLBSRP in recent years has been education and outreach. Therefore, most activities have centered on developing educational materials, hosting workshops and conferences, and providing technical assistance. This report summarizes a selection of activities that were accomplished under this cooperative agreement.
Frederic Kuzel
ANG has extensive policies and procedures for overseeing the construction of the Great Plains project. Additional management comes from a computerized information system, various audit groups, and staff located at the project site. Neither we nor any other audit group identified significant deficiencies in ANG's computer system or the individual systems which feed into it. Overall, the system contains both automated and manual controls which ensure that the data generated from the system is reliable and accurate. The various audit and evaluation groups provide management continuous and significant information concerning major project components. Great Plains management recognized the usefulness of the information and acted on recommendations made which enhanced its overall effectiveness. ANG established and implemented comprehensive procedures to oversee the project's construction. These procedures appear adequate for managing and controlling all construction activities. For example, ANG's onsite managers have identified problems and suggested actions which ANG believes minimized the effect of these problems on the construction schedule. The Department of Energy has extensive procedures for monitoring this project. With few exceptions, the Department followed the procedures established. It has not, however, completed its audit of incurred costs to determine that loan guarantee funds are spent only for eligible project costs. Such an audit was underway and the Department expected to complete it in 1983.
Lighting the Great Outdoors: LEDs in Exterior Applications
Recent progress in the development of white light LEDs promises great impact by opening up the huge potential for LED illumination in new areas. One such area is general illumination for exterior applications. For example, there are an estimated combined 60.5 million roadway and parking installations in the U.S. These lights account for an estimated 53.3 TWh of electricity usage annually -- nearly 7% of all lighting. If LEDs could provide the same light performance with just 25% greater efficiency, savings of over 13 TWh could be achieved. In 2007, the authors assessed emerging LED lighting technologies in a parking garage and on a city street. The purpose of these tests was to enable a utility to determine whether energy efficiency programs promoting white light LED products might be justified. The results have supported the great promise of LEDs in exterior applications, while also highlighting the barriers that continue to hinder their widespread adoption. Such barriers include 1) inconsistent product quality across manufacturers; 2) lack of key metrics for comparing LEDs to conventional sources; and 3) high upfront cost of LED luminaires compared to conventional luminaires. This paper examines these barriers, ways in which energy-efficiency programs could help to overcome them, and the potential for energy and financial savings from LED lighting in these two exterior applications.
Cook, Tyson D. S.; Bryan, Mary M.; Kinzey, Bruce R.; Myer, Michael
Great Plains Gasification Project process stream design data. [Lurgi Process
The Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant (GPGP) is the first commercial coal-to-synthetic natural gas plant constructed and operated in the United States. This process stream design data report provides non-proprietary information to the public on the major GPGP process streams. The report includes a simplified plant process block flow diagram, process input/output diagrams, and stream design data sheets for 161 major GPGP process and effluent streams. This stream design data provides an important base for evaluation of plant and process performance and for verification of the Department of Energy's ASPEN (Advanced System for Process Engineering) computer simulation models of the GPGP processes. 8 refs., 22 figs., 2 tabs.
A Sustainable Biomass Industry for the North American Great Plains
The North American Great Plains (hereafter NAGP) region is economically distressed and prone to severe ecological disruptions such as soil erosion. Its water resources are over-used and subject to pollution from agricultural fertilizers and chemicals, issues common to agricultural lands globally. On the other hand, the region is well suited to the production of herbaceous biomass that can be combusted directly for power or converted to liquid transportation fuels. This paper reviews the geography, history and current condition of the NAGP and offers suggestions about how the agriculture, economy and environment of this and similar regions around the world can be made more sustainable and able to contribute to a reduction in CO2 emissions and consequent global warming.
Rosenberg, Norman J.; Smith, Steven J.
Supernova remnants (SNRs) are thought to be the dominant source of Galactic cosmic rays. This requires that at least 5% of the available energy is transferred to cosmic rays, implying a high cosmic-ray pressure downstream of SNR shocks. Recently, it has been shown that the downstream temperature in some remnants is low compared to the measured shock velocities, implying that additional pressure supported by accelerated particles is present. Here we use a two-fluid thermodynamic approach to derive the relation between post-shock fractional cosmic-ray pressure and post-shock temperature, assuming no additional heating beyond adiabatic heating in the shock precursor and with all non-adiabatic heating occurring at the subshock. The derived relations show that a high fractional cosmic-ray pressure is only possible if a substantial fraction of the incoming energy flux escapes from the system. Recently, a shock velocity and a downstream proton temperature were measured for a shock in the SNR RCW 86. We apply the two-fluid solutions to these measurements and find that the downstream fractional cosmic-ray pressure is at least 50% with a cosmic-ray energy flux escape of at least 20%. In general, in order to have 5% of the supernova energy to go into accelerating cosmic rays, on average the post-shock cosmic-ray pressure needs to be 30% for an effective cosmic-ray adiabatic index of {gamma}{sub cr} = 4/3.
Vink, Jacco; Helder, Eveline A.; Schure, K. M. [Astronomical Institute, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht (Netherlands); Yamazaki, Ryo, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258 (Japan)
Great Plains Coal Gasification Project. Technical quarterly report, 1st quarter, 1984. [Great Plains, Mercer County, North Dakota
Activities remain on schedule to meet the Great Plains Coal Gasification project's full gas production date. Detailed engineering is complete for the gasification plant. The remaining engineering tasks, which include field support activities and special projects, will be performed by the Contractors' Field Engineering Group. A substantial amount of construction progress was achieved during the first quarter. It is currently projected that construction will be complete at the end of September, 1984. Start-Up operations are continuing at a rapid pace. Commissioning activities are proceeding very well. The only remaining plant permit is the Permit to Operate, which will be issued in late 1985. Quality Assurance/Quality Control activities included the development of welding procedures for Operations personnel, safety relief valve testing, and equipment turnover inspections. Mine development activities remain on schedule. Initial coal deliveries to GPGA commenced this quarter.
Harper et al., eds.: Natural History of the Colorado Plateau and Great Basin
Natural History of the Colorado Plateau and Great Basin. K.University Press of Colorado, 1994, viii -I- 294 pp. , 41Natural History of the Colorado Plateau and Great Basin
Livingston, Stephanie
Water Supplies to the Great Lakes—Reconstructed from Tree-Rings
Correlations between the water supplies to each of the Great Lakes and prewhitened tree-ring chronologies from 16 sites around the Great Lakes suggested some strong associations for the summer months, particularly June and July. Some of these ...
W. A. R. Brinkmann
Alternative Fuels Data Center: Great Smoky Mountains National Park Turns to
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (EERE)
Great Smoky Mountains Great Smoky Mountains National Park Turns to Alternative Fuels to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Great Smoky Mountains National Park Turns to Alternative Fuels on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Great Smoky Mountains National Park Turns to Alternative Fuels on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Great Smoky Mountains National Park Turns to Alternative Fuels on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Great Smoky Mountains National Park Turns to Alternative Fuels on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: Great Smoky Mountains National Park Turns to Alternative Fuels on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Great Smoky Mountains National Park Turns to Alternative Fuels on AddThis.com...
Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant public design report. Volume I
This Public Design Report provides, in a single document, available nonproprietary design information for the Great Plains Gasification Project, the first commercial coal gasification facility in the United States. In addition to the design aspects, the history of the project, the organization of the plant owners, and the role of the Department of Energy are briefly discussed. Plant capital and operating costs are also presented. An overview of the mine and plant operations is presented and is followed by detailed nonproprietary descriptions of the individual process units, plant systems, and products. Narrative process descriptions, simplified process flow diagrams, input/output stream data, operating conditions, catalyst and chemical requirements, and utility requirements are given for each unit. The process units are described as they were planned by July 1984. Any modification or alteration that occurred after that date will be the subject of a followup work. Plant startup provisions, environmental considerations and control, monitoring and safety considerations are also addressed for each operating unit. The report is published in two volumes. Volume I contains: (1) introduction; (2) overview of project (plant and mine, plant facilities, Basin Electric Antelope Valley Station); and (3) plant process data (coal, oxygen and steam, gasification and gas processing). 53 refs., 80 figs., 36 tabs.
Miller, W.R.; Belt, R.J.; Honea, F.I.; Ness, H.M.; Lang, R.A.; Berty, T.E.; Delany, R.C.; Mako, P.F.
The Great Plains gasification project: Here today, for tomorrow
Just a few years ago, there was a proliferation of synfuels projects. Pilot plants first proved their viability with long and successful test runs, then closed as market conditions shifted the focus away from synfuels. Plentiful oil, foreign and domestic, has put a serious damper on synfuels development. Due to the recent oil glut, Exxon cancelled its Colony Shale Oil Project, pulled up its stakes and left several ghost boom-towns in its wake. President Reagan-who originally wanted to eliminate the entire synfuels program-now wants to see the $13.5 billion budget of the Synthetic Fuels Corp. (SFC), a government agency, slashed by $10 billion. During the past several months, there has been some major news regarding synfuels projects. Two of the most familiar to those who follow the coal industry have just begun operating: The Cool Water Coal Gasification Project in Daggett, CA, (See Coal Mining, April, 1982, p. 126), and The Great Plains Coal Gasification Project near Beulah, ND which began operations in December toward producing 125,000,000 cu ft/day of high-Btu substitute natural gas (SNG) (the equivalent of 20,000 barrels of oil per day) from 14,000 tpd of lignite mined nearby. At a time when the government and private sector both seem to be putting the whammy on synfuels development, these plants are starting full operations.
Adam, B.O.
Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant Public Design Report. Volume II
This Public Design Report provides, in a single document, available nonproprietary design information for the Great Plains Gasification Project, the first commercial coal gasification facility in the United States. In addition to the design aspects, the history of the project, the organization of the plant owners, and the role of the Department of Energy are briefly discussed. Plant capital and operating costs are also presented. An overview of the mine and plant operations is presented and is followed by detailed nonproprietary descriptions of the individual process units, plant systems, and products. Narrative process descriptions, simplified process flow diagrams, input/output stream data, operating conditions, catalyst and chemical requirements, and utility requirements are given for each unit. The process units are described as they were planned by July 1984. Any modification or alteration that occurred after that date will be the subject of a followup work. Plant startup provisions, environmental considerations and control, monitoring and safety considerations are also addressed for each operating unit. The report is published in two volumes. Volume II contains: (1) plant process data (sulfur recovery, main flare - area 8300, liquid processing, ash handling and solids disposal, other systems); (2) plant startup procedure and schedule; (3) plant and employee safety; (4) GPGP cost data; and (5) references. 53 refs., 46 figs., 38 tabs.
Great Boiling Springs Geothermal Area | Open Energy Information
Boiling Springs Geothermal Area Boiling Springs Geothermal Area Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Geothermal Resource Area: Great Boiling Springs Geothermal Area Contents 1 Area Overview 2 History and Infrastructure 3 Regulatory and Environmental Issues 4 Exploration History 5 Well Field Description 6 Geology of the Area 7 Geofluid Geochemistry 8 NEPA-Related Analyses (0) 9 Exploration Activities (0) 10 References Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"TERRAIN","zoom":6,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"500px","height":"300px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":40.66166667,"lon":-119.3616667,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Great Sitkin Island Geothermal Area | Open Energy Information
Sitkin Island Geothermal Area Sitkin Island Geothermal Area Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Geothermal Resource Area: Great Sitkin Island Geothermal Area Contents 1 Area Overview 2 History and Infrastructure 3 Regulatory and Environmental Issues 4 Exploration History 5 Well Field Description 6 Geology of the Area 7 Geofluid Geochemistry 8 NEPA-Related Analyses (0) 9 Exploration Activities (0) 10 References Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"TERRAIN","zoom":6,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"500px","height":"300px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":52.06666667,"lon":-176.0833333,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Escapement and Productivity of Spring Chinook Salmon and Summer Steelhead in the John Day River Basin, 2005-2006 Annual Technical Report.
The objectives are: (1) Estimate number and distribution of spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha redds and spawners in the John Day River subbasin; and (2) Estimate smolt-to-adult survival rates (SAR) and out-migrant abundance for spring Chinook and summer steelhead O. mykiss and life history characteristics of summer steelhead. The John Day River subbasin supports one of the last remaining intact wild populations of spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead in the Columbia River Basin. These populations, however, remain depressed relative to historic levels. Between the completion of the life history and natural escapement study in 1984 and the start of this project in 1998, spring Chinook spawning surveys did not provide adequate information to assess age structure, progeny-to-parent production values, smolt-to-adult survival (SAR), or natural spawning escapement. Further, only very limited information is available for steelhead life history, escapement, and productivity measures in the John Day subbasin. Numerous habitat protection and rehabilitation projects to improve salmonid freshwater production and survival have also been implemented in the basin and are in need of effectiveness monitoring. While our monitoring efforts outlined here will not specifically measure the effectiveness of any particular project, they will provide much needed background information for developing context for project-specific effectiveness monitoring efforts. To meet the data needs as index stocks, to assess the long-term effectiveness of habitat projects, and to differentiate freshwater and ocean survival, sufficient annual estimates of spawner escapement, age structure, SAR, egg-to-smolt survival, smolt-per-redd ratio, and freshwater habitat use are essential. We have begun to meet this need through spawning ground surveys initiated for spring Chinook salmon in 1998 and smolt PIT-tagging efforts initiated in 1999. Additional sampling and analyses to meet these goals include an estimate of smolt abundance and SAR rates, and an updated measure of the freshwater distribution of critical life stages. Because Columbia Basin managers have identified the John Day subbasin spring Chinook population as an index population for assessing the effects of alternative future management actions on salmon stocks in the Columbia Basin (Schaller et al. 1999) we continue our ongoing studies. This project is high priority based on the high level of emphasis the NWPPC Fish and Wildlife Program, Subbasin Summaries, NMFS, and the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds have placed on monitoring and evaluation to provide the real-time data to guide restoration and adaptive management in the region. By implementing the proposed program we have been able to address many of the goals for population status monitoring, such as defining areas currently used by spring Chinook for holding and spawning habitats and determining range expansion or contraction of summer rearing and spawning populations. The BiOp describes these goals as defining population growth rates (adult monitoring), detecting changes in those growth rates or relative abundance in a reasonable time (adult/juvenile monitoring), estimating juvenile abundance and survival rates (juvenile/smolt monitoring), and identifying stage-specific survival (adult-to-smolt, smolt-to-adult).
Schultz, Terra Lang; Wilson, Wayne H.; Ruzycki, James R. [Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
Dynamical Downscaling over the Great Lakes Basin of North America Using the WRF Regional Climate Model: The Impact of the Great Lakes System on Regional Greenhouse Warming
The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) is employed to dynamically downscale global warming projections produced using the Community Climate System Model (CCSM). The analyses are focused on the Great Lakes Basin of North America and the ...
Jonathan Gula; W. Richard Peltier
Energy-related impacts on Great Plains agricultural productivity in the next quarter century, 1976--2000. Great plains agricultural council publication
Contents: The food demand dimension; Agriculture's relationship to national energy goals; Assumptions relating to great plains agriculture; Agricultural energy usage in perspective; The emerging energy usage transition agenda; General energy related agricultural adjustment concepts; Operational and technological adjustments in energy intense components; Agribusiness impacts and adjustments; Forests and energy; Effects of great plains energy resource development on agriculture; Institutional and agency program demands.
Large-scale solar projects in the United States have made great...
the United States have made great progress in delivering competitively priced renewable electricity September 2013 The price at which electricity from large-scale solar power...
Division of Water, Part 675: Great Lakes Water Withdrawal Registration Regulations (New York)
These regulations set forth requirements for the registration of water withdrawals and reporting of water losses from the Great Lakes Basin. The regulations apply to water withdrawals from...
Orange County Great Park Welcomes U.S. Department of Energy...
CONTACT: MARCUS GINNATY 949-724-6574 Orange County Great Park Welcomes U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2013 Collegiate Teams * Representatives from 20 collegiate teams...
Wind Shear and Turbulence Profiles at Elevated Heights: Great Lakes and Midwest Sites (Poster)
Analyzed wind resource characteristics at elevated heights (50 m-200+m) incuding shear and turbulence profiles for some areas of the Great Lakes and M idwest sites.
Elliott, D.; Schwartz, M.; Scott, G.
Chinook Salmon Adult Abundance Monitoring; Hydroacoustic Assessment of Chinook Salmon Escapement to the Secesh River, Idaho, 2002-2004 Final Report.
Accurate determination of adult salmon spawner abundance is key to the assessment of recovery actions for wild Snake River spring/summer Chinook salmon (Onchorynchus tshawytscha), a species listed as 'threatened' under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). As part of the Bonneville Power Administration Fish and Wildlife Program, the Nez Perce Tribe operates an experimental project in the South Fork of the Salmon River subbasin. The project has involved noninvasive monitoring of Chinook salmon escapement on the Secesh River between 1997 and 2000 and on Lake Creek since 1998. The overall goal of this project is to accurately estimate adult Chinook salmon spawning escapement numbers to the Secesh River and Lake Creek. Using time-lapse underwater video technology in conjunction with their fish counting stations, Nez Perce researchers have successfully collected information on adult Chinook salmon spawner abundance, run timing, and fish-per-redd numbers on Lake Creek since 1998. However, the larger stream environment in the Secesh River prevented successful implementation of the underwater video technique to enumerate adult Chinook salmon abundance. High stream discharge and debris loads in the Secesh caused failure of the temporary fish counting station, preventing coverage of the early migrating portion of the spawning run. Accurate adult abundance information could not be obtained on the Secesh with the underwater video method. Consequently, the Nez Perce Tribe now is evaluating advanced technologies and methodologies for measuring adult Chinook salmon abundance in the Secesh River. In 2003, the use of an acoustic camera for assessing spawner escapement was examined. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, in a collaborative arrangement with the Nez Perce Tribe, provided the technical expertise to implement the acoustic camera component of the counting station on the Secesh River. This report documents the first year of a proposed three-year study to determine the efficacy of using an acoustic camera to count adult migrant Chinook salmon as they make their way to the spawning grounds on the Secesh River and Lake Creek. A phased approach to applying the acoustic camera was proposed, starting with testing and evaluation in spring 2003, followed by a full implementation in 2004 and 2005. The goal of this effort is to better assess the early run components when water clarity and night visibility preclude the use of optical techniques. A single acoustic camera was used to test the technology for enumerating adult salmon passage at the Secesh River. The acoustic camera was deployed on the Secesh at a site engineered with an artificial substrate to control the river bottom morphometry and the passage channel. The primary goal of the analysis for this first year of deployment was to validate counts of migrant salmon. The validation plan involved covering the area with optical video cameras so that both optical and acoustic camera images of the same viewing region could be acquired simultaneously. A secondary test was contrived after the fish passage was complete using a controlled setting at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington, in which we tested the detectability as a function of turbidity levels. Optical and acoustic camera multiplexed video recordings of adult Chinook salmon were made at the Secesh River fish counting station from August 20 through August 29, 2003. The acoustic camera performed as well as or better than the optical camera at detecting adult Chinook salmon over the 10-day test period. However, the acoustic camera was not perfect; the data reflected adult Chinook salmon detections made by the optical camera that were missed by the acoustic camera. The conditions for counting using the optical camera were near ideal, with shallow clear water and good light penetration. The relative performance of the acoustic camera is expected to be even better than the optical camera in early spring when water clarity and light penetration are limited. Results of the laboratory tests at the Pacific North
Johnson, R.; McKinstry, C.; Mueller, R.
Restaurants & Cafes around RIMS HigashiojiSt
noodle (sara-udon) 11:30Â14:30, 17:00Â21:00 Closed on Friday 22 Goya Okinawa & Asian 12:00Â16:00, 18
Ohtsuki, Tomotada
Commercial Reference Building: Quick Service Restaurant
descriptions for whole building energy analysis using
Commercial Reference Building: Full Service Restaurant
A Multimodal Restaurant Finder for Semantic Web
Version: [not recorded] Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online's data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page.
Yulan Quan; Thanh Tho; Yulan He; Thanh Tho Quan; Siu Cheung Hui
Korean restaurant business plan in Taiwan
Taiwan's food and beverage business has been one of the main drivers of the country's economic growth for the past several years. As Taiwan becomes more prosperous and grows beyond the traditional OEM/ODM businesses, ...
Chen, Kai Wei Kevin
Mechanisms for Diurnal Boundary Layer Circulations in the Great Basin Desert
The purpose of this observation- and model-based study of the Great Basin Desert boundary layer is to illustrate the variety of locally forced circulations that can affect such an area during a diurnal cycle. The area of the Great Basin Desert (...
Daran L. Rife; Thomas T. Warner; Fei Chen; Elford G. Astling
The Lake Effect of the Great Salt Lake: Overview and Forecast Problems
A lake-effect snow phenomenon along the shore of the Great Salt Lake (GSL) in Utah is documented and related to a similar, well-documented lake effect along the shores of the Great Lakes. Twenty-eight cases of GSL lake-effect snowfall are ...
David M. Carpenter
Recent Heavy Precipitation in the Vicinity of the Great Salt Lake: Just How Unusual?
A long time series (1863–1984) of area)-average precipitation in the vicinity of the Great Salt Lake is shown to be highly correlated with the Great Salt Lake levels. This time series is used to assess the unusualness of the recent episode of ...
Thomas R. Karl; Pamela J. Young
A long time series (1863–1984) of areal average precipitation in the vicinity of the Great Salt Lake is shown to be highly correlated with the Great Salt Lake levels. This time series is used to assess the unusual recent episode of heavy ...
Supporting Water, Ecological, and Transportation Systems in the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem
office. Participants included transportation and environmental professionals involved with stormwater managementEnvironmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) Lake Michigan Lakewide ManagementEnvironmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) Lake Michigan Lakewide Management
Beck, Judy; Kamke, Sherry; Majerus, Kimberly
Active Geothermal Systems And Associated Gold Deposits In The Great Basin |
Geothermal Systems And Associated Gold Deposits In The Great Basin Geothermal Systems And Associated Gold Deposits In The Great Basin Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Paper: Active Geothermal Systems And Associated Gold Deposits In The Great Basin Details Activities (0) Areas (0) Regions (0) Abstract: In western North America, a number of geothermal systems derive their heat from magmas or cooling intrusions. The interior of the Great Basin however, is characterized by widespread amagmatic geothermal activity that owes its existence to high crustal heat flow and active extensional tectonics. Both the magmatically heated and extensional fluid types in the Great Basin have recently, or are currently, depositing gold. Quaternary to Pliocene-aged gold deposits with adjacent high-temperature (≤ 150°C)
A Map Of Geothermal Potential For The Great Basin, Usa- Recognition Of
Of Geothermal Potential For The Great Basin, Usa- Recognition Of Of Geothermal Potential For The Great Basin, Usa- Recognition Of Multiple Geothermal Environments Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Paper: A Map Of Geothermal Potential For The Great Basin, Usa- Recognition Of Multiple Geothermal Environments Details Activities (8) Areas (4) Regions (0) Abstract: A 1:1,000,000 scale geothermal favorability map of the Great Basin is currently being published through the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology (NBMG) and is now available at the web site (http://www.unr.edu/geothermal/geothermal_gis2. htm) of the Great Basin Center for Geothermal Energy (GBCGE). This map allows for separate assessment of the potential for magmatically heated and extensional-type geothermal systems. Added to the map are temperature gradient wells from
Quaternary Borate Deposits As A Geothermal Exploration Tool In The Great
Quaternary Borate Deposits As A Geothermal Exploration Tool In The Great Quaternary Borate Deposits As A Geothermal Exploration Tool In The Great Basin Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Paper: Quaternary Borate Deposits As A Geothermal Exploration Tool In The Great Basin Details Activities (4) Areas (2) Regions (0) Abstract: A close spatial relationship exists between Quaternary borate deposits and moderate to high temperature (>=150oC) geothermal systems in the western part of the Great Basin. Similarly, a strong correlation exists between high concentrations of boron in groundwater and geothermal activity in the Great Basin. These relationships hae special significance for geothermal exploraion becauase ina number of cases, Quaternary surface borates occur without associated springs, and thus the borates can, and
Status of the Great Plains coal gasification project, May 31, 1984. [Mercer County, North Dakota
The Great Plains coal gasification project in North Dakota was 99 percent complete and essentially on schedule on May 31, 1984. Cumulative project costs were $164 million less than originally estimated for this date, primarily due to reduced material, interest, and subcontractor costs. On the basis of reduced energy price forecasts, Great Plains in September 1983 projected large after-tax losses and negative cash flows from plant operations. To alleviate these losses, Great Plains applied to the US Synthetic Fuels Corporation for additional financial assistance. On April 26, 1984, the Corporation outlined its intentions to award Great Plains up to $790 million in assistance. As of August 10, 1984, the Corporation had not finalized the Great Plains assistance agreement.
EIS-0408: Upper Great Plains Programmatic Wind EIS | Department of Energy
8: Upper Great Plains Programmatic Wind EIS 8: Upper Great Plains Programmatic Wind EIS EIS-0408: Upper Great Plains Programmatic Wind EIS Summary This EIS, being prepared jointly by DOE's Western Area Power Administration and the Department of the Interior's Fish and Wildlife Service, will evaluate the environmental impacts of wind energy development in Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota - Western's Upper Great Plains customer service region. Western will use the EIS to implement a comprehensive regional program to manage interconnection requests for wind energy projects. Public Comment Opportunities None available at this time. Documents Available for Download March 22, 2013 EIS-0408: Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement Upper Great Plains Programmatic Wind EIS
The relation between post-shock temperature, cosmic-ray pressure and cosmic-ray escape for non-relativistic shocks
Supernova remnants are thought to be the dominant source of Galactic cosmic rays. This requires that at least 5% of the available energy is transferred to cosmic rays, implying a high cosmic-ray pressure downstream of supernova remnant shocks. Recently, it has been shown that the downstream temperature in some remnants is low compared to the measured shock velocities, implying that additional pressure support by accelerated particles is present. Here we use a two-fluid thermodynamic approach to derive the relation between post-shock fractional cosmic-ray pressure and post-shock temperature, assuming no additional heating beyond adiabatic heating in the shock precursor and with all non-adiabatic heating occurring at the subshock. The derived relations show that a high fractional cosmic-ray pressure is only possible, if a substantial fraction of the incoming energy flux escapes from the system. Recently a shock velocity and a downstream proton temperature was measured for a shock in the supernova remnant RCW 86...
Vink, Jacco; Helder, E A; Schure, K M
Status of the Great Plains Coal Gasification Project, December 31, 1984
The Department of Energy (DOE)-sponsored construction of the Great Plains coal gasification project - designed to produce synthetic natural gas from coal in North Dakota - was completed in December 1984 on schedule. However, technical problems prevented Great Plains from meeting the inservice (commercial operation) target date of December 1, 1984. DOE believes the in-service date could occur in June 1985. Faced with deteriorating financial projections in the wake of declining energy prices, Great Plains applied to the US Synthetic Fuels Corporation (SFC) for additional assistance. In April 1984 SFC tentatively agreed to provide Great Plains up to $790 million in price guarantee assistance. In return, the Great Plains partners would contribute more equity, and Great Plains would repay the DOE-guaranteed loan faster and make profit-sharing payments to SFC. However, since SFC's tentative agreement for price guarantees, several events that could affect the project's financial outlook have occurred. For example, SFC and DOE have revised their energy price forecasts downward. In addition, Great Plains and SFC are negotiating a final agreement that could change some conditions of the tentative agreement.
Bowsher, C.A.
Interannual and Seasonal Variability of the Surface Energy Balance and Temperature of Central Great Slave Lake
This paper addresses interannual and seasonal variability in the thermal regime and surface energy fluxes in central Great Slave Lake during three contiguous open-water periods, two of which overlap the Canadian Global Energy and Water Cycle ...
Wayne R. Rouse; Claire M. Oswald; Jacqueline Binyamin; Peter D. Blanken; William M. Schertzer; Christopher Spence
Sensitivity of the Great Plains Severe-Storm Environment to Soil-Moisture Distribution
This study examines the influence of differences in ground moisture over the southern Great Plairs and the Mexican plateau on the formation and evolution of the dryline, the elevated mixed layer, and the local planetary boundary layer. These ...
John M. Lanicci; Toby N. Carlson; Thomas T. Warner
Association between Winter Precipitation and Water Level Fluctuations in the Great Lakes and Atmospheric Circulation Patterns
Atmospheric precipitation in the Great Lakes basin, as a major mediating variable between atmospheric circulation and lake levels, is analyzed relative to both. The effect of cumulative winter precipitation on lake levels varies from lake to lake ...
Sergei N. Rodionov
Spatiotemporal Trends in Lake Effect and Continental Snowfall in the Laurentian Great Lakes, 1951–1980
A new raster-based monthly snowfall climatology was derived from 1951–1980 snowfall station data for the Laurentian Great Lakes. An automated methodology was used to obtain higher spatial resolution than previously obtained. The increase in ...
D. C. Norton; S. J. Bolsenga
A Climatology of Freezing Rain in the Great Lakes Region of North America
A 15-yr climatology of freezing rain surrounding the Great Lakes region of North America has been constructed using data from rawinsondes, surface stations, and gridded reanalyses from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. This ...
John Cortinas Jr.
Temporal and Spatial Variability of Great Lakes Ice Cover, 1973–2010
In this study, temporal and spatial variability of ice cover in the Great Lakes are investigated using historical satellite measurements from 1973 to 2010. The seasonal cycle of ice cover was constructed for all the lakes, including Lake St. ...
Jia Wang; Xuezhi Bai; Haoguo Hu; Anne Clites; Marie Colton; Brent Lofgren
Multiscale Analysis of the 7 December 1998 Great Salt Lake–Effect Snowstorm
The large-scale and mesoscale structure of the Great Salt Lake–effect snowstorm of 7 December 1998 is examined using radar analyses, high-density surface observations, conventional meteorological data, and a simulation by the Pennsylvania State ...
W. James Steenburgh; Daryl J. Onton
The Rising Level of the Great Salt Lake: Impacts and Adjustments
Societal responses to climatic fluctuations can be difficult and costly. The recent case of the rising level of the Great Salt Lake indicates that resource managers are often unprepared to respond to climate related impacts, except in an ad hoe ...
Peter M. Morrisette
Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon, and the Great War discourse on "Shell-Shock"
Introduction: The infantrymen of the Great War experienced the unimaginable. Soldiers in the trenches internalized images of confusion and gore, and returned to a society unwilling and often unable to comprehend their ...
Schilling, Thomas C.
On death ground : why weak states resist great powers explaining coercion failure in asymmetric interstate conflict
Great Powers often adopt coercive strategies, threatening or using limited force to convince weak states to comply with their demands. While coercive strategies have succeeded in just over half of asymmetric crises since ...
Haun, Phil M
Hydrological and Dynamical Characteristics of Summertime Droughts over U.S. Great Plains
A drought pattern and its time evolution over the U.S. Great Plains are investigated from time series of climate divisional monthly mean surface air temperature and total precipitation anomalies. The spatial pattern consists of correlated ...
Fong-Chiau Chang; Eric A. Smith
Increasing Great Lake–Effect Snowfall during the Twentieth Century: A Regional Response to Global Warming?
The influence of the Laurentian Great Lakes on the climate of surrounding regions is significant, especially in leeward settings where lake-effect snowfall occurs. Heavy lake-effect snow represents a potential natural hazard and plays important ...
Adam W. Burnett; Matthew E. Kirby; Henry T. Mullins; William P. Patterson
The Influence of Large-Scale Flow on Fall Precipitation Systems in the Great Lakes Basin
A synoptic climatology is presented of the precipitation mechanisms that affect the Great Lakes Basin. The focus is on fall because increasing precipitation in this season has contributed to record high lake levels since the 1960s and because the ...
Emily K. Grover; Peter J. Sousounis
Multiyear Summertime Observations of Daytime Fair-Weather Cumuli at the ARM Southern Great Plains Facility
A long data record (14 yr) of ground-based observations at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site is analyzed to document the macroscopic and dynamical properties of daytime fair-weather cumulus clouds ...
Arunchandra S. Chandra; Pavlos Kollias; Bruce A. Albrecht
Drought Recurrence in the Great Plains as Reconstructedfrom Long-Term Tree-Ring Records
Recently collected tree-ring data were used to reconstruct drought from 1700 to the present in four regionsflanking the Great Plains. Regions were centered in Iowa, Oklahoma, eastern Montana and eastern Wyoming.Reconstructions derived by multiple ...
Charles W. Stockton; David M. Meko
Research on Electrical Properties of Severe Thunderstorms in the Great Plains
In 1978 we began a coordinated effort to study the electrical behavior of large and severe thunderstorms that form over the Great Plains of the central United States. Methods of approach include the study of characteristics of individual ...
W. David Rust; William L. Taylor; Donald R. MacGorman; Roy T. Arnold
Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin Water Resources Compact (multi-state)
This Act describes the management of the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence River basin, and regulates water withdrawals, diversions, and consumptive uses from the basin. The Act establishes a Council,...
Two-Year Simulation of the Great Lakes Region with a Coupled Modeling System
In this paper, we report on an experiment aimed at evaluating the feasibility of the application of our coupled regional climate modeling system to long-term climate simulations over the Great Lakes region. The simulation analyzed covers a ...
Gary T. Bates; Steven W. Hostetler; Filippo Giorgi
8-9, 2004. Ann Arbor, Michigan. Great Lakes InformationKeystone, Colorado. Lake Michigan (MI) Lakewide ManagementOffice (GLNPO) Lake Michigan Lakewide Management Plan (LaMP)
Great science observatories in the space station era and OWL efforts in Japan
A concept of "Space Factory" on the International Space Station Alpha (ISSA) is described. By following the four great observatories that purposefully took advantage of the Space Transportation System (STS)
Yoshiyuki Takahashi
Two Nerds . . . One Love . . . and A Great Golden Ring | Department of
Nerds . . . One Love . . . and A Great Golden Ring Nerds . . . One Love . . . and A Great Golden Ring Two Nerds . . . One Love . . . and A Great Golden Ring August 17, 2011 - 4:26pm Addthis Two scientists got engaged in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York. | Video from The Daily Charles Rousseaux Charles Rousseaux Senior Writer, Office of Science The work of the Energy Department has led to many scientific and technological breakthroughs. Today, we're highlighting a different kind of breakthrough - the engagement of two former Office of Science interns, who recently celebrated 'the nerdiest engagement ever' at a great golden ring. Dave Mosher and Kendra Snyder were both interns at the Energy Department's Fermilab, a high-energy physics center located close to Chicago, although
Calling all great examples of open government data | Data.gov
Calling all great examples of open government data Calling all great examples of open government data Developer Data Web Services Source Code Challenges Semantic Web Blogs Let's Talk Developers You are here Data.gov » Communities » Developers » Forums Calling all great examples of open government data Submitted by Jeanne Holm on Mon, 11/15/2010 - 5:49am Log in to vote 5 There are so many great examples of open government data being published. We've linked to some of them at http://www.data.gov/community, but so many more exist. What sites do you know of? Which countries are making their data more open and their operations more transparent? Add new comment Open Government Best Practices Permalink Submitted by Aftab Datta on Mon, 11/15/2010 - 11:28am. New Zealand representative at the IOGDC gave a success story on open
Regional Gravity Survey of the Northern Great Salt Lake Desert and Adjacent
Gravity Survey of the Northern Great Salt Lake Desert and Adjacent Gravity Survey of the Northern Great Salt Lake Desert and Adjacent Areas in Utah, Nevada, and Idaho Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Regional Gravity Survey of the Northern Great Salt Lake Desert and Adjacent Areas in Utah, Nevada, and Idaho Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: From 1957 to 1961 a regional gravity survey was made over the northern part of the Great Salt Lake Desert and adjacent areas in Utah, eastern Nevada, and southeastern Idaho. A total of 1040 stations were taken over an area of about 7000 square miles. The results were compiled as a Bouguer gravity anomaly map with a contour interval of 2 mgal. The Bouguer values ranged from a high of about -120 mgal over the outcrop areas to a
NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL-31 SUMMARY OF GREAT LAKES WEATHER AND ICE CONDITIONS,
Description 3.2.1 Fall Cooling Phase 3.2.2 Ice Formation and Breakup Phases 3.2.3 The Ice Cycle cm LakeEs of +* SUMMARY OF GREAT LAKES WEATHER AND ICE CONDITIONS, WINTER 1978-79 B. H. Dewitt D. F. Kahlbaum D. G. Baker,-MOSWERlC AOMlNlSTRAllON #12;NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL-31 SUMMARY OF GREAT LAKES WEATHER AND ICE
Escape the tyranny of TCP
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is ubiquitous, sophisticated, and effective. It also prevents the innovation needed to improve delivery of Internet services to the wireless tactical edge of DOD operations. We argue ...
Chan, Vincent W. S.
Wind Regimes in Complex Terrain of the Great Valley of Eastern Tennessee
This research was designed to provide an understanding of physical wind mechanisms within the complex terrain of the Great Valley of Eastern Tennessee to assess the impacts of regional air flow with regard to synoptic and mesoscale weather changes, wind direction shifts, and air quality. Meteorological data from 2008 2009 were analyzed from 13 meteorological sites along with associated upper level data. Up to 15 ancillary sites were used for reference. Two-step complete linkage and K-means cluster analyses, synoptic weather studies, and ambient meteorological comparisons were performed to generate hourly wind classifications. These wind regimes revealed seasonal variations of underlying physical wind mechanisms (forced channeled, vertically coupled, pressure-driven, and thermally-driven winds). Synoptic and ambient meteorological analysis (mixing depth, pressure gradient, pressure gradient ratio, atmospheric and surface stability) suggested up to 93% accuracy for the clustered results. Probabilistic prediction schemes of wind flow and wind class change were developed through characterization of flow change data and wind class succession. Data analysis revealed that wind flow in the Great Valley was dominated by forced channeled winds (45 67%) and vertically coupled flow (22 38%). Down-valley pressure-driven and thermally-driven winds also played significant roles (0 17% and 2 20%, respectively), usually accompanied by convergent wind patterns (15 20%) and large wind direction shifts, especially in the Central/Upper Great Valley. The behavior of most wind regimes was associated with detectable pressure differences between the Lower and Upper Great Valley. Mixing depth and synoptic pressure gradients were significant contributors to wind pattern behavior. Up to 15 wind classes and 10 sub-classes were identified in the Central Great Valley with 67 joined classes for the Great Valley at-large. Two-thirds of Great Valley at-large flow was defined by 12 classes. Winds flowed on-axis only 40% of the time. The Great Smoky Mountains helped create down-valley pressure-driven winds, downslope mountain breezes, and divergent air flow. The Cumberland Mountains and Plateau were associated with wind speed reductions in the Central Great Valley, Emory Gap Flow, weak thermally-driven winds, and northwesterly down sloping. Ridge-and-valley terrain enhanced wind direction reversals, pressure-driven winds, as well as locally and regionally produced thermally-driven flow.
Birdwell, Kevin R [ORNL
A final report on the Great Plains Gasification Project's environmental, health, and safety information data system
This report describes Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNLs) role in providing information to Department of Energy (DOE) on environmental data generated at the Great Plains Coal Gasification Project (GPCGP) in Beulah, North Dakota. An information system, the Fossil Energy (FE) Environmental, Health, and Safety Information System (EHSIS) was developed at ORNL to assist in tracking, analyzing, and making readily available significant environmental information derived from Great Plains. The Great Plains module with its numerous files (e.g., Gasification Bibliography, Gasification Tables, and Great Plains Gasification Project -- Permits, Standards, or Exceedences/Incidents) is a major technical area located within the information system. Over 1388 Great Plains documents have been reviewed, abstracted, and made available on-line in the information system. Also in the information system are 911 tables of selected environmental data including monitoring data from the following six subject areas: (1) air quality; (2) water quality; (3) solid wastes; (4) hazardous wastes; (5) industrial hygiene; and (6) surface mining. 14 refs., 4 figs.
Noghrei-Nikbakht, P.A.; Roseberry, L.M.
Variable Crustal Thickness In The Western Great Basin- A Compilation Of Old
Variable Crustal Thickness In The Western Great Basin- A Compilation Of Old Variable Crustal Thickness In The Western Great Basin- A Compilation Of Old And New Refraction Data Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Paper: Variable Crustal Thickness In The Western Great Basin- A Compilation Of Old And New Refraction Data Details Activities (3) Areas (3) Regions (0) Abstract: Utilizing commercial mine blasts and local earthquakes, as well as a dense array of portable seismographs, we have achieved long-range crustal refraction profiles across northern Nevada and the Sierra Nevada Mountains. In our most recent refraction experiment, the Idaho-Nevada-California (INC) transect, we used a dense spacing of 411 portable seismographs and 4.5-Hz geophones. The instruments were able to record events ranging from large mine blasts to small local earthquakes.
Geek-Up[6.10.2011]: Thermoelectrics' Great Power, Key Ingredient in Bone's
10.2011]: Thermoelectrics' Great Power, Key Ingredient in 10.2011]: Thermoelectrics' Great Power, Key Ingredient in Bone's Nanostructure Geek-Up[6.10.2011]: Thermoelectrics' Great Power, Key Ingredient in Bone's Nanostructure June 10, 2011 - 5:07pm Addthis Data image on lead telluride thermal conductivity | Photo Courtesy of Oak Ridge National Laboratory Data image on lead telluride thermal conductivity | Photo Courtesy of Oak Ridge National Laboratory Niketa Kumar Niketa Kumar Public Affairs Specialist, Office of Public Affairs What does this mean for me? Identifying a key ingredient in bone's nanostructure may help treat and prevent bone diseases such as osteoporosis and develop new light-weight, high-strength materials for innovative technologies. Advanced thermoelectric materials could be used to develop vehicle
Fall Is a Great Time for Energy Awareness | Department of Energy
Fall Is a Great Time for Energy Awareness Fall Is a Great Time for Energy Awareness Fall Is a Great Time for Energy Awareness September 21, 2010 - 11:17am Addthis Allison Casey Senior Communicator, NREL A lot of people wait until the first of year to set goals and make life changes, but I think the change of seasons is a good time to think about these things, especially when it comes to energy use and saving strategies. Heating and cooling account for roughly 43% of an average home's energy use, so as the weather changes, how you use and save much of the energy for your home will obviously change as well. It's for these reasons that we created the seasonal Energy Savers Web site, which teaches you to stay cool and save money in the spring and summer, and stay warm and save money in the fall and winter.
New CO2 Enhanced Recovery Technology Could Greatly Boost U.S. Oil |
CO2 Enhanced Recovery Technology Could Greatly Boost U.S. Oil CO2 Enhanced Recovery Technology Could Greatly Boost U.S. Oil New CO2 Enhanced Recovery Technology Could Greatly Boost U.S. Oil March 3, 2006 - 11:40am Addthis WASHINGTON , D.C. - The Department of Energy (DOE) released today reports indicating that state-of-the-art enhanced oil recovery techniques could significantly increase recoverable oil resources of the United States in the future. According to the findings, 89 billion barrels or more could eventually be added to the current U.S. proven reserves of 21.4 billion barrels. "These promising new technologies could further help us reduce our reliance on foreign sources of oil," Energy Secretary Samuel W. Bodman said. "By using the proven technique of carbon sequestration, we get the double
Fueling the Navy's Great Green Fleet with Advanced Biofuels | Department of
Fueling the Navy's Great Green Fleet with Advanced Biofuels Fueling the Navy's Great Green Fleet with Advanced Biofuels Fueling the Navy's Great Green Fleet with Advanced Biofuels December 5, 2011 - 5:44pm Addthis Idaho National Laboratory describes R&D efforts to transform raw biomass into quality feedstocks for the production of renewable fuels, power and bioproducts. Aaron Crowell Senior Technical Research Analyst What does this project do? Develops and utilizes domestically produced biofuels to make our military and the nation more secure. From transporting the oil necessary to fuel jets and vehicles to supplying battery packs to infantry, energy plays a central role in almost everything the U.S. military does. Because of this reliance, it's imperative that the military cultivate energy sources that are not subject to the whims of
DOE - Office of Legacy Management -- Great Lakes Carbon Corp - IL 21
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
Great Lakes Carbon Corp - IL 21 Great Lakes Carbon Corp - IL 21 FUSRAP Considered Sites Site: GREAT LAKES CARBON CORP. ( IL.21 ) Eliminated from further consideration under FUSRAP Designated Name: Not Designated Alternate Name: None Location: 333 North Michigan Avenue , Chicago , Illinois IL.21-1 Evaluation Year: 1987 IL.21-1 Site Operations: Facility performed a limited amount of nuclear fuel fabrication in the 1950s. Facility also developed graphite production under an AEC contract. IL.21-1 IL.21-3 Site Disposition: Eliminated - Potential for contamination considered remote due to limited scope of activities performed IL.21-1 Radioactive Materials Handled: Yes IL.21-3 Primary Radioactive Materials Handled: Uranium, Thorium IL.21-3 Radiological Survey(s): Yes IL.21-3
Synthetic fuels. Status of the Great Plains Coal Gasification Project, August 1, 1985
In December 1984, the Great Plains Gasification Associates had essentially finished constructing the nation's first commercial-scale coal gasification plant. As of July 31, 1985, Great Plains had contributed about $537 million in equity to the project and had borrowed $1.54 billion against a federal load guarantee made available by the Department of Energy (DOE). Since 1984 the project has faced deteriorating financial projections in the wake of declining energy prices. This is GAO's eighth semiannual report on Great Plains and covers the project's progress from January through August 1, 1985. GAO's objectives were to report on (1) the status of Great Plains' attempt to obtain additional federal financial assistance and (2) the status of the project's operational startup activities as of August 1, 1985. The Department of Energy Act of 1978 requires GAO to report on the status of the loan guarantee. Even though the Synthetic Fuels Corporation approved price guarantees in principle for Great Plains, DOE announced, on July 30, 1985, that it would not agree to restructuring its guaranteed loan. DOE rejected the proposed agreement, saying that it would not assure long-term plant operation at a reasonable cost to the taxpayers. The Great Plains sponsors then terminated their participation in the project on August 1, 1985, and defaulted on the $1.54 billion DOE-guaranteed loan. DOE directed the project administrator, ANG Coal Gasification Company, to continue plant operations pending a DOE decision about the project's future. DOE is assessing options including operating, leasing, selling, shutting down, mothballing, and scrapping the plant.
The Great Plains Low-Level Jet during the Warm Season of 1993
Hourly wind profiler observations from the NOAA Profiler Network were used to develop a climatology of the low-level jet (LLJ) over the Great Plains of the central United States from April to September of 1993. The peak precipitation episode of ...
Raymond W. Arritt; Thomas D. Rink; Moti Segal; Dennis P. Todey; Craig A. Clark; Mark J. Mitchell; Kenneth M. Labas
Evaluation of the Stretford Unit at the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant
This report gives the results of an evaluation of the design and operational characteristics of the Stretford Sulfur Recovery Unit installed in the Great Plains Gasification Project, Beulah, North Dakota. The report contains discussion of the H/sub 2/S removal capability of the unit, the potential of solids deposition and the expected solution losses. 11 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.
Lang, R.A.
Great Plains ASPEN model development: executive summary. Final topical report for Phase 1
The Scientific Design Company contracted with the United States Department of Energy through its Morgantown Energy Technology Center to develop a steady-state simulation model of the Great Plains Coal Gasification plant. This plant produces substitute natural gas from North Dakota lignite. The model was to be developed using the ASPEN (Advanced System for Process Engineering) simulation program. The project was divided into the following tasks: (1) Development of a simplified overall model of the process to be used for a sensitivity analysis to guide the development of more rigorous section models. (2) Review and evaluation of existing rigorous moving-bed gasifier models leading to a recommendation of one to be used to model the Great Plains gasifiers. Adaption and incorporation of this model into ASPEN. (3) Review of the accuracy and completeness of the physical properties data and models provided by ASPEN that are required to characterize the Great Plains plant. Rectification of inaccurate or incomplete data. (4) Development of rigorous ASPEN models for critical unit operations and sections of the plant. (5) Evaluation of the accuracy of the ASPEN Cost Estimation and Evaluation System and upgrading where feasible. Development of a preliminary cost estimate for the Great Plains plant. (6) Validation of the simulation models developed in the course of this project. Determination of model sensitivity to variations of technical and economic parameters. (7) Documentation of all work performed in the course of this project. Essentially all of these tasks were completed successfully. 34 figs.
Rinard, I.H.; Stern, S.S.; Millman, M.C.; Schwint, K.J.; Benjamin, B.W.; Kirman, J.J.; Dweck, J.S.; Mendelson, M.A.
Development, implementation, and skill assessment of the NOAA/NOS Great Lakes Operational Forecast System
Development, implementation, and skill assessment of the NOAA/NOS Great Lakes Operational Forecast Lakes Operational Forecast System (GLOFS) uses near-real-time atmospheric observa- tions and numerical weather prediction forecast guidance to produce three-dimensional forecasts of water temperature
Weather pattern climatology of the Great Plains and the related wind regime
The meteorology of the Great Plains can be described as a constant progression of air masses, fronts and cyclonic storm systems. Each of these meteorological conditions can be characterized by identifiable isobaric and related weather parameter patterns. Nine such patterns have been defined to type the weather patterns in the Great Plains. Time series of weather pattern types were produced for 62 stations on the Great Plains. Statistical analyses of these time series produced annual and seasonal frequencies of occurrence of the weather pattern types. Maps of the annual and seasonal frequency of occurrence of weather pattern type are presented for the Great Plains. Persistence and alternation frequencies match what is expected for traveling temperate latitude cyclones, anticyclones and fronts. The wind regime for stations at which the anemometer height and location was constant (and known) for a minimum of three consecutive years was stratified by weather pattern type. Statistical analyses were made to show the response of the wind to the large-scale distribution of air pressure associated with a weather pattern type. The response of the wind to the weather pattern is a site-specific result of the interaction of the large-scale meteorology with local terrain, surface roughness and atmospheric stability. Mean wind speed discriminates between pairs of weather pattern types with better than 75% confidence for more than two-thirds of the possible pairs of weather pattern types.
Barchet, W.R.
A Climatology of the Warm Season Great Plains Low-Level Jet Using Wind Profiler Observations
Hourly observations from the Wind Profiler Demonstration Network during the warm season months of 1991 and 1992 were used to develop a climatology of the low-level jet (LLJ) over the Great Plains of the central United States. The maximum overall ...
Mark J. Mitchell; Raymond W. Arritt; Ken Labas
Cooperative highly available multiprocessor (Champ) networks have great potential for signal processing
An expandable processor-independent software environment designed to support high availability and fault-tolerant computation uses a network of elements, possibly dissimilar, and achieves speed through concurrent processing. Champ has great potential for signal processing networks, especially with single-chip VHSIC elements.
Wischmeyer, C.E.; Weiman, R.M.
Comparison of 1983 Great Lakes Winter Weather and Ice Conditions with Previous Years
Winter 1983 was one of the mildest winters in the past 200 years. One result of the unusual winter weather was the mildest overall ice season on the Great Lakes since systematic observations of ice cover extent on the Lakes were initiated some 20-...
Raymond A. Assel; C. Robert Snider; Reginald Lawrence
Change in biomass of benthic and planktonic algae along a disturbance gradient for 24 Great
Change in biomass of benthic and planktonic algae along a disturbance gradient for 24 Great Lakes. The PC1 site score was significantly related to both periphyton and phytoplankton biomass, respectively accounted for 18% of the variation in epiphyton biomass. Periphytic and epiphytic biomass were negatively
McMaster University
Characterization of Ambient Ozone Levels in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Ambient ozone data collected at two sites in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) are summarized and compared with data from an urban and a low-elevation rural site. The ozone climatology in the park is found to be similar to that of ...
Stephen F. Mueller
Low-rank coal research: Volume 3, Combustion research: Final report. [Great Plains
Volume III, Combustion Research, contains articles on fluidized bed combustion, advanced processes for low-rank coal slurry production, low-rank coal slurry combustion, heat engine utilization of low-rank coals, and Great Plains Gasification Plant. These articles have been entered individually into EDB and ERA. (LTN)
Mann, M. D.; Hajicek, D. R.; Zobeck, B. J.; Kalmanovitch, D. P.; Potas, T. A.; Maas, D. J.; Malterer, T. J.; DeWall, R. A.; Miller, B. G.; Johnson, M. D.
The Relationship between Great Lakes Water Levels, Wave Energies, and Shoreline Damage
The latter half of the twentieth century can be characterized as a period of rising water levels on the Great Lakes, with record high levels in 1974 and 1986. Concurrent with these periods of high water level are reported periods of high ...
G. A. Meadows; L. A. Meadows; W. L. Wood; J. M. Hubertz; M. Perlin
Parameterization of Lakes and Wetlands for Energy and Water Balance Studies in the Great Lakes Region
Lakes and wetlands are prevalent around the Great Lakes and play an important role in the regional water and energy cycle. However, simulating their impacts on regional-scale hydrology is still a major challenge and not widely attempted. In the ...
Vimal Mishra; Keith A. Cherkauer; Laura C. Bowling
The Operational Implementation of a Great Lakes Wave Forecasting System at NOAA/NCEP
The development of a Great Lakes wave forecasting system at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) is described. The system is an implementation of the WAVEWATCH III model, forced with atmospheric data from NCEP's regional WRF ...
Jose-Henrique G. M. Alves; Arun Chawla; Hendrik L. Tolman; David Schwab; Gregory Lang; Greg Mann
A Climatology of Cold-Season Nonconvective Wind Events in the Great Lakes Region
A 44-yr climatology of nonconvective wind events (NCWEs) for the Great Lakes region has been created using hourly wind data for 38 first-order weather stations during the months of November through April. The data were analyzed in terms of the ...
Matthew C. Lacke; John A. Knox; John D. Frye; Alan E. Stewart; Joshua D. Durkee; Christopher M. Fuhrmann; Sarah M. Dillingham
Albedo of the U.S. Great Plains as Determined from NOAA-9 AVHRR Data
The seasonal variation of surface albedo is derived from NOAA-9 AVHRR observations of the US. Great Plains during the snow-free months of 1986 and 1987. Monthly albedo maps are constructed using a simple model-independent technique which includes ...
G. Gutman; G. Ohring; D. Tarpley; R. Ambroziak
Biomass and &nergy Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 301-307, 1992 Printed in Great Britain
Biomass and &nergy Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 301-307, 1992 Printed in Great Britain 0961-9534/92 $5.00 + 0 saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process is a favored option for conversion of the lignocellulosic biomass biomass, ethanol, woody crops, herbaceous crops, agricultural residues. 1. INTRODUCIION Although ethanol
California at Riverside, University of
NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL-20 SUMMARY OF GREAT LAKES WEATHER AND ICE CONDITIONS,
Cooling Phase 3.2.2 Ice Formation and Breakup Phases 3.2.3 The Ice Cycle on Lake Superior 3.2.4 The IceNOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL-20 SUMMARY OF GREAT LAKES WEATHER AND ICE CONDITIONS, WINTER of this NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories publication. ii #12;LANDSAT fake color image of ice cover
GREAT MINDSTHINK ELECTRIC / WWW.EVS26.ORG CanGreenElectricity
's reactions." "If I need to drive 500 miles, I just rent a car." "Never fight a war for electricity." "There model is buy an electric car, put a solar array on your house, charge after midnight, and let your solar that with my support of sustainability." "I already feel great about driving the electric car. I don't need
California at Davis, University of
J . Fluid Mech. (1989),vol. 207, p p . 133-152 Printed in Great Britain
with a fixed randomly generated velocity field. At infinite resolution, the modified dynamics with energyJ . Fluid Mech. (1989),vol. 207, p p . 133-152 Printed in Great Britain 133 Extremal energy) Certain modifications of the Euler equations of fluid motion lead to systems in which the energy decays
Vallis, Geoff
Google: An Application of Linear Algebra (The mathematics of a great success)
Google: An Application of Linear Algebra (The mathematics of a great success) Peter Butkovic Peter Butkovic Google: An Application of Linear Algebra #12;Peter Butkovic Google: An Application of Linear Algebra #12;Peter Butkovic Google: An Application of Linear Algebra #12;Hyun's Map of the Web Peter
Butkovic, Peter
Temporal and Spatial Variations in Hail in the Upper Great Plains and Midwest
The distribution of hail days during 1961–80 in the northern Great Plains-Midwest was evaluated on a temporal and spatial basis to help interpret crop-hail losses. Comparisons with earlier (1901–60) hail day data revealed the seven-state study ...
Stanley A. Changnon Jr.
Anatomy of Great Plains Protracted Heat Waves (especially the 1980 U.S. summer drought)
The protracted heat wave and drought of the Great Plains during summer 1980 was a manifestation of an abnormal form of the general circulation. An upper-level continental high developed rapidly over the Southern Plains in late May and persisted ...
Jerome Namias
Coherence between the Great Salt Lake Level and the Pacific Quasi-Decadal Oscillation
The lake level elevation of the Great Salt Lake (GSL), a large closed basin lake in the arid western United States, is characterized by a pronounced quasi-decadal oscillation (QDO). The variation of the GSL elevation is very coherent with the QDO ...
Shih-Yu Wang; Robert R. Gillies; Jiming Jin; Lawrence E. Hipps
A Case Study of the Summertime Great Plains Low Level Jet
A case study of the kinematical and dynamical evolution of the summertime Great Plains low level jet (LLJ) is presented. Airborne radar altimetry was used to discern the x and y components of the geostrophic wind at three levels in the lower ...
Thomas R. Parish; Alfred R. Rodi; Richard D. Clark
Simulation of the Arid Climate of the Southern Great Basin Using a Regional Climate Model
As part of the development effort of a regional climate model (RCM)for the southern Great Basin, this paper present savalidation analysis of the climatology generated by a high-resolution RCM driven by observations. The RCM is aversion of the ...
Filippo Giorgi; Gary T. Bates; Steven J. Nieman
Causes of Long-Term Drought in the U.S. Great Plains
The U.S. Great Plains experienced a number of multiyear droughts during the last century, most notably the droughts of the 1930s and 1950s. This study examines the causes of such droughts using ensembles of long-term (1930–2000) simulations ...
Siegfried D. Schubert; Max J. Suarez; Philip J. Pegion; Randal D. Koster; Julio T. Bacmeister
Winter 1994 Weather and Ice Conditions for the Laurentian Great Lakes
The Laurentian Great Lakes developed their most extensive ice cover in over a decade during winter 1994 [December-February 1993/94 (DJF 94)]. Extensive midlake ice formation started the second half of January, about 2 weeks earlier than normal. ...
Raymond A. Assel; John E. Janowiak; Sharolyn Young; Daron Boyce
Price, Weather, and "Acreage Abandonment" in Western Great Plains Wheat Culture
Multivariate analyses of acreage abandonment patterns in the U.S. Great Plains winter wheat region indicate that the major mode of variation is an in-phase oscillation confined to the western half of the overall area, which is also the area with ...
Patrick J. Michaels
The Great 2006 Heat Wave over California and Nevada: Signal of an Increasing Trend
Most of the great California–Nevada heat waves can be classified into primarily daytime or nighttime events depending on whether atmospheric conditions are dry or humid. A rash of nighttime-accentuated events in the last decade was punctuated by ...
Alexander Gershunov; Daniel R. Cayan; Sam F. Iacobellis
What is the Issue? There is a great deal of excitement about the green economy, clean
to legitimize public investment in "clean tech" firms via tax incentives, state and local economic developersWhat is the Issue? There is a great deal of excitement about the green economy, clean technology in renewable energy and energy efficiency are not well understood. Since these employment projections are used
Wang, Z. Jane
Proceedings of the 17th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI
Welcome to the 17th edition of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI (GLSVLSI), the first one held outside of USA and at the beautiful Stresa-Lago Maggiore of Italy. Since its first meeting in March 1991 at Kalamazoo, Michigan, GLSVLSI has traveled ...
Hai Zhou; Enrico Macii; Zhiyuan Yan; Yehia Massoud
On the study of wind energy at great heights using remote sensing techniques
On the study of wind energy at great heights using remote sensing techniques Alfredo Pe~na1 by the wind energy industry due to the high sensitivity that the wind characteristics have on the performance Dong energy, Dong Energy, Kraftværksvej 53, DK-7000, Fredericia, Denmark e-mail: alfredo
(Great Plains Coal Gasification project): Quarterly environmental, safety, medical, and industrial hygiene report, First quarter, 1987
ANG continued permitting activity during the reporting period. ANG conducted eight monitoring programs in the vicinity of the Great Plains facility. The RAMP network consists of five monitoring sites, and is designed to monitor meteorology and air quality in the vicinity of the Great Plains facility, and the Antelope Valley and Coyote electric generating stations. There were no exceedences of applicable state or federal standards for SO/sub 2/, NO/sub 2/, TSP, or ozone. ANG conducts ambient monitoring for H/sub 2/S at one site in the vicinity of the Great Plains facility. ANG conducts additional ambient monitoring for SO/sub 2/ at two sites in order to ensure that ambient air quality standards are not violated. ANG conducts groundwater monitoring programs associated with desulfurization waste disposal, deepwell injection, RCRA-compliance monitoring, gasifier ash disposal, and the surge ponds. Major activities on each program are summarized. ANG conducted six monitoring programs associated with process and effluent streams at the Great Plains facility to satisfy conditions in federal and state permits. The Continuous Emission Monitoring system is designed to provide for the continuous monitoring of emissions and fuel usage from all major fuel burning sources in the Great Plains facility. ANG conducts a comprehensive program to locate, characterize and eliminate objectionable odors. A total of thirty-three plant boundary surveys and sixty off-site surveys were conducted. Odors were detected at levels of two odor units or less approximately 81.7% of the time at distances up to 6 miles downwind during the off-site surveys. A total of nine odor complaints were received. To evaluate overall performance of pollution control systems, ANG examines selected process data and conducts periodic compliance and/or performance tests. 18 figs., 23 tabs.
Great Plains Gasification Associates. Quarterly technical and environmental report, Great Plains coal gasification project, Mercer County, North Dakota, second quarter, 1983
Activities remain on schedule to meet Great Plains Gasification Associate's start-up and coal delivery dates as well as the completion of the pipeline. Home Office engineering is essentially complete for the Plant. The remaining engineering tasks will involve field support activities and special projects. A substantial amount of construction progress was achieved during the second quarter. Although construction is still slightly behind schedule for the Plant, it is currently forecasted that construction will be back on schedule by the end of October, 1983. Start-up activities are continuing at a rapid pace. The current emphasis is on precommissioning planning and the development and implementation of the computer systems required to run the plant. Mine development activities remain on schedule. Almost all of the environmental permitting for the construction phase is complete. Engineering for the pipeline is complete. Construction started this quarter and should be completed by August 15, 1983.
Great Plains Coal Gasification Project, Mercer County, North Dakota. Quarterly technical and environmental report, fourth quarter, 1983. [Great Plains, Mercer County, North Dakota
Activities remain on schedule to meet Great Plains Gasification Associates' full gas production date. Gasification Plant: detailed engineering in the Contractors' home office was completed in the fourth quarter. The remaining engineering tasks, which include field support activities and special projects, will be performed by the Contractors' Field Engineering Group. A substantial amount of construction progress was achieved during the fourth quarter. Although the Plant's construction activities are still slightly behind schedule, it is currently forecasted that the construction schedule will be regained by the end of June 1984. Start-Up operations are continuing at a rapid pace. The current emphasis is on system turnover and commissioning activities. The environmental permitting for the construction phase is complete. Freedom Mine: mine development activities remain on schedule.
Great Republic: a historical and archaeological analysis of a Pacific mail steamship
In 1986 the remains of a shipwreck were discovered on Sand Island in the mouth of the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest. The following year, a team of archaeologists investigated the site in order to determine its original identity. After a series of dives, the team concluded that the wreck was the remains of the Hudson's Bay Company brig, Isabella, a ship that was lost in that area in 1830. Recent investigations on the shipwreck disproved this identity. The turbulent conditions of the Columbia River have helped researchers by shifting a significant amount of sand overburden away from the vessel, exposing a greater area of the ship. With this new information, the wreck is now believed to be the remains of the wooden side-wheel steamer Great Republic that belonged to the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, rather than Isabella. This thesis investigates the history of Great Republic and its role in American maritime history, as well as its possible archaeological remains at the bottom of the Columbia River. In order to provide a clear and concise story, I begin with the history of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company and its importance in the development of the western coast of the United States. Since Great Republic was integral to the Asian trade of the nineteenth century, the second portion of the thesis is dedicated to Asian-American commercial and political relations during the nineteenth century. Great Republic and its three sister ships are then described and analyzed in detail based on contemporary sources. Finally, the archaeological evidence is assessed beginning with the discovery of the wreck. I detail the investigations and discoveries made on the wreck over the last 20 years. In my conclusions I discuss the importance of Great Republic from a historical standpoint and emphasize its place in American maritime history. I also detail key aspects concerning the wreck that I believe are imperative for future research. Though the remains convincingly appear to be those of Great Republic there are still structural features that need to be analyzed before a positive identification is possible.
Roberts, Andrew Philip
??A year-long practicum was undertaken to continue the investigation of riverbed scour and deposition at a site on the Great Miami River. Data were gathered… (more)
Windeler, Britton
Great Plains Coal Gasification Project: Quarterly technical progress report, third fiscal quarter 1987-1988, January-March 1988
This progress report describes the operation of the Great Plains Gasification Plant, including lignite coal production, SNG production, gas quality, by-products, and certain problems encountered. (LTN)
Great Plains Coal Gasification Project: Quarterly technical progress report, April-June 1988 (Fourth fiscal quarter, 1987-1988)
Surface-Based Remote Sensing of the Aerosol Indirect Effect at Southern Great Plains
Surface-Based Remote Sensing of the Surface-Based Remote Sensing of the Aerosol Indirect Effect at Southern Great Plains G. Feingold and W. L. Eberhard National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Technology Laboratory Boulder, Colorado D. E. Vernon and M. Previdi Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey Abstract We have demonstrated first measurements of the aerosol indirect effect using ground-based remote sensors at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. The response of non-precipitating, ice-free clouds to changes in aerosol loading is quantified in terms of a relative change in cloud-drop effective radius (r e ) for a relative change in aerosol extinction under conditions of equivalent cloud liquid water path (LWP). This is done in a single column of air at a temporal resolution of 20 s (spatial resolution of ~100 m).
NREL GIS Data: U.S. Great Lakes Offshore Windspeed 90m Height High
Great Lakes Offshore Windspeed 90m Height High Great Lakes Offshore Windspeed 90m Height High Resolution Dataset Summary Description This dataset is a geographic shapefile generated from the original raster data. The original raster data resolution is a 200-meter cell size. The data provide an estimate of annual average wind speed at 90 meter height above surface for specific offshore regions of the United States. To learn more, please see the Assessment of Offshore Wind Energy Resources for the United States. These data were produced in cooperation with U.S. Department of Energy, and have been validated by NREL. To download state wind resource maps, visit Wind Powering America. In order to ensure the downloadable shapefile is current, please compare the date updated on this page to the last updated date on the NREL GIS Wind Data webpage.
TEMPERATE FOREST: GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS, TENNESSEE, U.S.A., 1978-1992 TEMPERATE FOREST: GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS, TENNESSEE, U.S.A., 1978-1992 Get Data Summary: Productivity of old, unlogged stands of southern Appalachian cove forest was studied and compared to young stands. Tree growth increments and allometric relationships were the basis for estimation of net primary production (NPP). Measurements of tree diameter at 1.37 m above ground were made at the beginning the study. Radial increment cores were taken from a subset of trees. Above-ground net primary production (ANPP) was estimated using regional species-specific allometric relationships for tree mass. Estimation procedures were outlined by Busing et al. (1993). Old stands of mixed deciduous (and mixed deciduous-Tsuga) were selected for their gentle terrain, accessibility and history of study. From 1988 to
Great Plains Coal Gasification project. Quarterly technical progress report, third quarter 1985
The operations of the Great Plains Gasification Plant are reported for the third quarter of 1985. Contents include the following: (1) lignite coal production; (2) SNG production; (3) SNG gas quality; (4) by-products production and inventories; (5) on-stream factors; (6) raw material, product and by-product consumption and energy consumption for plant operations; (7) plant modifications-1985; (8) plant maintenance; (9) safety; (10) industrial hygiene; (11) medical services; (12) environmental; and (13) quality assurance/quality control activities.
Great Plains Coal Gasification project. Quarterly technical progress report fourth quarter, 1985
The operations of the Great Plains Gasification plant are reported for the fourth quarter of 1985. Contents include the following: (1) lignite coal production; (2) SNG production; (3) SNG gas quality; (4) by-products production and inventories; (5) on-stream factors; (6) raw material, product and by-product consumption and energy consumption for plant operations; (7) plant modifications - 1985; (8) plant maintenance; (9) safety; (10) industrial hygiene; (11) medical service; (12) environmental; and (13) quality assurance/quality control activities.
Reproductive Peformance of Great Egrets (Ardea alba) at High Island, Texas
Despite habitat perturbations and seasonal fluctuations in reproduction, many studies report no significant inter-annual variation in Great Egret reproductive performance. I examined the reproductive performance of Great Egrets (Ardea alba) for two breeding seasons (2009 and 2010) immediately following Hurricane Ike at High Island, Texas. Breeding success, productivity, and mean brood size did not differ between years (U-test, P > 0.05). Fledging success at 21 days showed no significant difference between years, however fledging success at 28, 35, and 42 days decreased significantly between years (~15% reduction at 42 days; U-test, P = 0.027). The number of deaths per nest also differed significantly between 2009 and 2010 (0.36 and 0.95, respectively) (U-test, P = 0.013). Brood-size dependent mortality was also a significant between-year parameter (H test, P = 0.003). Successful nests in 2009 had a brood size range of 2 to 3, and of these nests, 6% and 50% experienced partial brood reduction, respectively; whereas 2010 brood size range for successful nests was 2 to 4, and 0%, 57%, and 100% of these nests, respectively, experienced partial brood reduction. Other parameters examined were water level, temperature, precipitation, prey availability, and human disturbance. I rejected my hypothesis that habitat conditions would be less conducive to high reproductive success in 2009 than 2010, due to the impacts of Hurricane Ike. My results suggest that Great Egrets have bimodal occurrences of nestling death that are expressed as a function of brood size, hatching spread, and nestling age. Reproductive performance studies should continue through at least fledging age (42 days post-hatching for Great Egrets) to better document the reproductive performance, especially by incorporating the apparent behavioral plasticity of nestlings.
McInnes, Andrew
Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center's Video Channel on Vimeo
The Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC) is one of three bioenergy science centers funded by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Office of Science. The centers pursue research supporting high-risk, high-return biological solutions for bioenergy applications. GLBRC's mission is to perform basic research that generates technology to convert cellulosic biomass to ethanol and other advanced biofuels. The Vimeo channel for GLBRC has 22 videos as of May 2012.
Alternative Fueled Vehicles in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Cades Cove
The Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) -- located in a beautiful mountainous area along the southern portion of the North Carolina and Tennessee borders and largely within the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) service territory -- is the most visited national park in the United States. As the number of park visitors increases, so do the number of vehicles in the park at any given time. The contributing emissions that result from the enormous number of internal combustion engine vehicles supply a ...
Assessment of Achievable Potential from Energy Efficiency Programs for Great River Energy: (2009-2030)
This report documents results of a study to assess the achievable potential for electricity energy savings and peak demand reductions for Great River Energy (GRE) for the years 2009 through 2030. The approach involved applying the methodology and technology data developed for the EPRI National Study on the same subject and adapted to the specific market sector characteristics of the GRE service territory (EPRI report 1016987, Assessment of Achievable Potential from Energy Efficiency and Demand Response P...
Electrofishing survey of the Great Miami River. Annual report, September 1993
Fish sampling by electroshocking in the Great Miami River above and below the Fernald sit was designed to determine changes in the health of the fish community compared to the previous nine years and to collect samples for uranium analysis in fish filets. This document contains information describing the findings of this program. Topics discussed include: physical and chemical parameters, species richness, species diversity, and water analysis.
Stocker, L.E.; Miller, M.C.; Engman, J.; Evans, R.L.; Koch, R.W.; Brence, W.A. [Cincinnati Univ., OH (United States)
Anthony Wayne: The History and Archaeology of an Early Great Lakes Steamboat
The Great Lakes side-wheel steamboat Anthony Wayne was built in 1837 at Perrysburg, OH and participated in lakes shipping during a time when such vessels were experiencing their heyday. Designed as a passenger and cargo carrier, the steamer spent 13 years transporting goods and people throughout the Upper Lakes until succumbing to a boiler explosion while headed to Buffalo on 28 April 1850. The remains of Anthony Wayne were discovered in 2006 and two years later a collaborative project was begun for the purposes of documenting and assessing the present day condition of the wreck. Anthony Wayne is the oldest steamboat wreck on the Great Lakes to be studied by archaeologists and represents an important piece of maritime heritage that can aid researchers in understanding architectural and machinery specifics that are unknown to us today. This thesis presents the results of an archaeological and archival investigation of Anthony Wayne. Information pertaining to the discovery and significance of the vessel are presented, followed by descriptions of Perrysburg and its shipping industry, the steamer's owners, and how the vessel was built. The operational history of Anthony Wayne is then outlined chronologically, including ports of call, cargoes, masters, and incidents the steamer experienced. Details of the explosion and the aftermath of the sinking are then discussed, followed by a brief summary of other Great Lakes steamboat catastrophes from 1850 and why boilers explode. Focus then shifts to the two-year archaeological investigation, including project objectives, methodology, and findings. The construction specifics of the steamboat's hull, drive system, and associated artifacts are then presented, followed by post-project analysis and conclusions. A catalog of Great Lakes steam vessels, vessel enrollment documentation, the coroner's inquest following the disaster, and the initial dive report from the discoverers are furnished as appendices.
Krueger, Bradley Alan
File:EIA-Eastern-GreatBasin-liquids.pdf | Open Energy Information
Great Basin By 2001 Liquids Reserve Class Great Basin By 2001 Liquids Reserve Class Size of this preview: 463 × 599 pixels. Other resolution: 464 × 600 pixels. Full resolution (5,100 × 6,600 pixels, file size: 17.82 MB, MIME type: application/pdf) Description Eastern Great Basin By 2001 Liquids Reserve Class Sources Energy Information Administration Authors Samuel H. Limerick; Lucy Luo; Gary Long; David F. Morehouse; Jack Perrin; Robert F. King Related Technologies Oil, Natural Gas Creation Date 2005-09-01 Extent Regional Countries United States UN Region Northern America States Utah, Nevada File history Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment current 17:59, 20 December 2010 Thumbnail for version as of 17:59, 20 December 2010 5,100 × 6,600 (17.82 MB) MapBot (Talk | contribs) Automated bot upload
File:EIA-Eastern-GreatBasin-BOE.pdf | Open Energy Information
Eastern Great Basin By 2001 BOE Reserve Class Eastern Great Basin By 2001 BOE Reserve Class Size of this preview: 463 × 599 pixels. Other resolution: 464 × 600 pixels. Full resolution (5,100 × 6,600 pixels, file size: 17.82 MB, MIME type: application/pdf) Description Eastern Great Basin By 2001 BOE Reserve Class Sources Energy Information Administration Authors Samuel H. Limerick; Lucy Luo; Gary Long; David F. Morehouse; Jack Perrin; Robert F. King Related Technologies Oil, Natural Gas Creation Date 2005-09-01 Extent Regional Countries United States UN Region Northern America States Utah, Nevada File history Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment current 17:58, 20 December 2010 Thumbnail for version as of 17:58, 20 December 2010 5,100 × 6,600 (17.82 MB) MapBot (Talk | contribs) Automated bot upload
Handbook for the GREAT08 Challenge: An image analysis competition for cosmological lensing
The GRavitational lEnsing Accuracy Testing 2008 (GREAT08) Challenge focuses on a problem that is of crucial importance for future observations in cosmology. The shapes of distant galaxies can be used to determine the properties of dark energy and the nature of gravity, because light from those galaxies is bent by gravity from the intervening dark matter. The observed galaxy images appear distorted, although only slightly, and their shapes must be precisely disentangled from the effects of pixelisation, convolution and noise. The worldwide gravitational lensing community has made significant progress in techniques to measure these distortions via the Shear TEsting Program (STEP). Via STEP, we have run challenges within our own community, and come to recognise that this particular image analysis problem is ideally matched to experts in statistical inference, inverse problems and computational learning. Thus, in order to continue the progress seen in recent years, we are seeking an infusion of new ideas from these communities. This document details the GREAT08 Challenge for potential participants. Please visit http://www.great08challenge.info for the latest information.
Sarah Bridle; John Shawe-Taylor; Adam Amara; Douglas Applegate; Sreekumar T. Balan; Joel Berge; Gary Bernstein; Hakon Dahle; Thomas Erben; Mandeep Gill; Alan Heavens; Catherine Heymans; F. William High; Henk Hoekstra; Mike Jarvis; Donnacha Kirk; Thomas Kitching; Jean-Paul Kneib; Konrad Kuijken; David Lagatutta; Rachel Mandelbaum; Richard Massey; Yannick Mellier; Baback Moghaddam; Yassir Moudden; Reiko Nakajima; Stephane Paulin-Henriksson; Sandrine Pires; Anais Rassat; Alexandre Refregier; Jason Rhodes; Tim Schrabback; Elisabetta Semboloni; Marina Shmakova; Ludovic van Waerbeke; Dugan Witherick; Lisa Voigt; David Wittman
(Great Plains Coal Gasification Project): Quarterly environmental, safety, and medical report, first quarter 1988
The following brief synopsis is provided of the status of Environmental, Safety and Medical Programs described in the First Quarter 1988 Report. Tabular summaries of environmental QA/QC results and planned next quarter activities are presented in Sections 2.0 and 3.0, respectively. ANG continued permitting activity during the reporting period. These activities include reviewing the revised RCRA Part B application; receiving approval to discharge high temperature, low pressure steam condensate to the stormwater system; receiving approval to expand the current gasifier ash pit; submitting the results of the EPA laboratory audit samples; finalizing the contract for the Deepwell No. 1 and No. 2 work to comply with UIC-101; monitoring the progress of the cooling tower surge pond B liner leaks; receiving approval to delete several parameters in the Interim Groundwater Monitoring Plan; responding to an EPA Hazardous Waste Questionnaire and a CERCLA site assessment for DOE; submitting the DOE-assigned section for the Modified Permit Application; and submitting the first annual chemical inventory report to comply with Section 312 of SARA. ANG conducted eight monitoring programs in the vicinity of the Great Plains facility. The RAMP network consists of five monitoring sites, and it is designed to monitor meteorology and air quality in the vicinity of the Great Plains facility and the Antelope Valley and Coyote electric generating stations. ANG conducts ambient monitoring for H/sub 2/S at one site in the vicinity of the Great Plains facility. 15 figs., 49 tabs.
The greatest disaster: the failure of Great Britain's Ottoman Empire Policy, 1914
Before 1914, Britain and Turkey had traditionally enjoyed a friendly relationship. How then did these two empires come to engage one another in a devastating war? In the years immediately preceding the First World War, the British government intended to ensure the Turks remained friendly neutrals in any conflict among the Great Powers. Why did this policy fail? The answers to these questions lie in the nature of the diplomatic relationship between Great Britain and the Ottoman Empire in the years preceding the First World War. Britain's policy towards the Ottoman Empire in the immediate prewar period was limited by British public opinion, Great Power politics, and Britain's own interests in areas under Ottoman rule. These factors led British decision-makers to pursue a policy rife with contradictory, often self-defeating aims. At the same time, British diplomats in Constantinople misjudged the nature of the Ottoman government and missed opportunities to improve Anglo-Turkish relations. Because they labored under the mistaken assumptions relayed by their diplomats in Turkey, British decision makers did not apprehend the depth of the Anglo-Turkish rift until it was beyond repair. Their last-ditch efforts on the eve of the First World War came far too late.
Rayburn, Joel Dawson
Pricing and the incentive to invest in pipelines after Great Lakes
Natural gas pipeline companies invest heavily in expansion of the United States pipeline system. System expansion projects totaled $5.7 billion in 1992. In 1993-94 there was more than $3.8 billion of construction projects completed or under construction, and an additional $5.2 billion proposed and pending, totaling over $9 billion. Over 8,000 miles of new pipelines were installed or under construction in 1993. Much of the new investment involves expanding capacity of existing pipelines by constructing parallel pipes that use existing compressors and follow the same right-of-way, a process also known as {open_quotes}looping.{close_quotes} Under traditional regulation by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission or FERC), the pipelines have been able to average or {open_quotes}roll in{close_quotes} the costs of expansion, generally raising costs to existing customers. The Great Lakes Gas Transmission Ltd. Partnership (Great Lakes) decision reversed this long-standing policy by requiring new customers to bear the costs of expansion. This article will demonstrate that these alternative regulatory policies have significant consequences for pricing and the incentives to invest in new pipeline construction, and argues that the Great Lakes decision, which is currently under review, should be upheld and extended.
Spulber, D.F.
File:EIA-Eastern-GreatBasin-gas.pdf | Open Energy Information
Great Basin By 2001 Gas Reserve Class Great Basin By 2001 Gas Reserve Class Size of this preview: 463 × 599 pixels. Other resolution: 464 × 600 pixels. Full resolution (5,100 × 6,600 pixels, file size: 17.82 MB, MIME type: application/pdf) Description Eastern Great Basin By 2001 Gas Reserve Class Sources Energy Information Administration Authors Samuel H. Limerick; Lucy Luo; Gary Long; David F. Morehouse; Jack Perrin; Robert F. King Related Technologies Oil, Natural Gas Creation Date 2005-09-01 Extent Regional Countries United States UN Region Northern America States Utah, Nevada File history Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment current 17:59, 20 December 2010 Thumbnail for version as of 17:59, 20 December 2010 5,100 × 6,600 (17.82 MB) MapBot (Talk | contribs) Automated bot upload
Wind Fields over the Great Lakes Measured by the SeaWinds Scatterometer on the QuikSCAT Satellite
Wind Fields over the Great Lakes Measured by the SeaWinds Scatterometer on the QuikSCAT Satellite for wind retrieval over the Great Lakes on a daily basis. We use data acquired by the SeaWinds Scatterometer on the QuikSCAT (QSCAT) satellite launched in June 1999 to derive wind speeds and directions over
Sulfur emissions reduction at the Great Plains coal gasification facility: Technical and economic evaluations
This report provides an in-depth technical and economic review of over 40 sulfur control technologies that were considered for use at the Great Plains coal gasification facility in Beulah, North Dakota. The review was based on the production of substitute natural gas at rates of 152.5 {times} 10{sup 6} and 160 {times} 10{sup 6} scf/d from lignite containing 1.7% sulfur. The factors considered in evaluating each technology included the reduction of SO{sub 2} emissions, capital and operating costs, incremental cost per unit of produced gas, cost-effectiveness, and probability of success. 21 figs., 37 tabs.
Doctor, R.D.; Wilzbach, K.E. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA). Energy Systems Div.); Joseph, T.W. (USDOE Chicago Operations Office, Argonne, IL (USA))
Estimates of the value of carbon dioxide from the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant
This report develops a framework and methodology for estimating the value of carbon dioxide produced by the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant. The petroleum industry could use this CO/sub 2/ as a solvent for enhanced oil recovery. The value of CO/sub 2/ is found to be a function of the geological characteristics of the petroleum reservoirs being flooded, the cost of transporting the CO/sub 2/, and the presence or absence of competitors selling CO/sub 2/. Carbon dioxide demand curves for oil fields in Montana and North Dakota are developed for various economic conditions, and sensitivity analyses are performed. 22 refs., 4 figs., 21 tabs.
Wolsky, A.M.; Nelson, S.H.; Jankowski, D.J.
Application of wind energy to Great Plains irrigation pumping. Final report
Wind energy systems without energy storage for irrigation in the Great Plains are studied. Major uses of irrigation energy were identified as pumping for surface distribution systems, which could be supplied by variable flow, and pumping for sprinkler systems using constant flow. A computer program was developed to simulate operation of wind-powered irrigation wells. Pumping by wind turbine systems was simulated for 2 variable and 2 constant flow operational modes in which auxiliary motors were used in 3 of the modes. Using the simulation program, the well yields and maximum pumping rates among the 4 modes as a function of drawdown in a typical well are compared.
Hagen, L.J.; Lyles, L.; Skidmore, E.L.
Great Plains Coal Gasification Project. Quarterly technical progress report, second quarter 1986. [Lurgi process
The operations of the Great Plains coal gasification plant are reported for the second quarter of 1986. The following areas are covered: (1) lignite coal production; (2) SNG production; (3) SNG gas quality; (4) by-products production and inventories; (5) on-stream factors; (6) raw material, product and by-product consumption and energy consumption for plant operations; (7) plant modifications - 1986 budget; (8) plant maintenance; (9) safety; (10) industrial hygiene; (11) medical services; (12) environmental executive summary; and (13) quality assurance/quality control activities. (AT)
(Great Plains Coal Gasification Associates). Quarterly technical progress report. [Lurgi Process
The operations of the Great Plains Gasification plant are reported for the first quarter of 1986. Contents include the following: (1) lignite coal production; (2) SNG production; (3) SNG gas quality; (4) by-products production and inventories; (5) on-stream factors; (6) raw material, product and by-product consumption and energy consumption for plant operations; (7) plant modifications-1986 budget; (8) plant maintenance; (9) safety; (10) industrial hygiene; (11) medical services; (12) environmental executive summary; and (13) quality assurance/quality control activities.
Great Plains coal gasification project: Quarterly technical progress report, Third quarter 1986. [Lurgi process
Accomplishments for the third quarter of 1986 are presented for the Great Plains coal gasification plant. The following areas are discussed: (1) lignite coal production; (2) SNG production; (3) SNG gas quality; (4) by-products production and inventories; (5) onstream factors; (6) raw material, product and by-product consumption and energy consumption for plant operations; (7) plant modifications - 1986 budget; (8) plant maintenance; (9) safety; (10) industrial hygiene; (11) medical services; (12) environmental executive summary; and (13) quality assurance/quality control activities.
Accelerated Geothermal Resource Development in the Great Basin Through Enhanced Public Awareness and Outreach to Shareholders.
The Great Basin Center for Geothermal Energy conducted work encompassing two main tasks. We (1) produced a web-based, stakeholder geothermal information system for Nevada geothermal data relevant to assessing and developing geothermal resources, and (2) we held informational stakeholder workshops (both as part of GeoPowering the West Initiative). The objective of this grant was to conduct workshops and fund database and web development activities. This grant funds salaries for web and database developers and part of the administrative assistant who helps to coordinate and organize workshops, and maintain selected databases.
Taranik, James V.; Oppliger, Gary; Sawatsky, Don
Regional topography, physiography, and geology of the Northern Great Plains. Open file report
The report analyzes the topography, physiography and geology of a 63 county area in North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, and South Dakota. Geologic maps are included. In addition 7 1/2 minute quadrangle slope maps are included for 5 selected sites that are representative of the areas that are likely to be impacted with accelerated coal development in the Northern Great Plains. These maps are provided as tools for planning transportation facilities, utility corridors, siting of mines and related facilities, controlling erosion, determining reclamation potential, and preparation of mining plans.
Keefer, W.R.
Vertical Variability of Aerosols and Water Vapor Over the Southern Great Plains
Vertical Variability of Aerosols and Water Vapor Vertical Variability of Aerosols and Water Vapor Over the Southern Great Plains R. A. Ferrare National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia D. D. Turner Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington M. Clayton and V. Brackett Science Applications International Corporation National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia T. P. Tooman and J. E. M. Goldsmith Sandia National Laboratories Livermore, California J. A. Ogren National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Boulder, Colorado E. Andrews Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado
Impact of the Great Plains coal gasification decision on a coal gas industry
In approving the special tariff and financing features of the Great Plains coal-gasification project, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission took the first major federal action toward encouraging the construction of a commercial-sized synthetic-fuels facility, asserts the law firm of Morley, Caskin and Generelly. Owned by Great Plains Gasification Associates - a partnership of five pipeline companies - the commercial-sized plant qualifies for FERC approval under the commission's RD and D regulations. The special financing terms for the project will require customers of existing natural gas companies to bear the costs incurred by the project regardless of its success in operation or the amount of gas produced for the customer's utilization. This RD and D rate treatment serves to mitigate market forces and thus operates as an effective subsidy for the pipeline industry. If this or a similar regulatory subsidy is extended to other coal-gas projects, the pipeline industry could take the lead in the nation's synfuels program.
Zipp, J.F.
Evaluation of herbacceous biomass crops in the northern Great Plains. Final report
Herbaceous lignocellulose crops are a potential renewable feedstock for biochemical conversion systems second in size to wood products. Several herbaceous crops are utilized as forage crops in the northern Great Plains, but forage quality considerations usually dictates a early harvest. Biomass cropping does not have this constraint; therefore, little information was available on herbaceous crops utilized as energy crops prior to this project. Our primary objectives were to evaluate the biomass yield and select chemical components of several herbaceous crops for energy crops in the northern Great Plains, compare the economic feasibility of energy crops with common competing crops, and evaluate biomass cropping on summer fallow lands. Three good, two marginal, and one irrigated sites were used during 1988 to 1992 for the first component. At least six perennial and four annual biomass species were included at all sites. Three to four nitrogen (N) levels and a crop-recrop comparison (annuals only) were management intensities included. Biomass cropping on idled lands was performed on dryland at Carrington and evaluated the effects of removing leguminous biomass on fallowed lands. This report summarizes results from the 5-year project.
Meyer, D.W.; Norby, W.E.; Erickson, D.O.; Johnson, R.G. [North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND (United States)
Integrated measures of anthropogenic stress in the U.S. Great Lakes Basin
Using publicly available, pre-existing spatial datasets, we developed a geographic information system database of 86 variables related to five classes of anthropogenic stress in the U.S. Great Lakes basin: agriculture, atmospheric deposition, human population, land cover, and point source pollution. The original variables were quantified by a variety of data types over a broad range of spatial and classification resolutions. We summarized the original data for 762 watershed-based units that comprise the U.S. portion of the basin and then used principal components analysis to develop overall stress measures within each stress category. We developed a cumulative stress index by combining the first principal component from each of the five stress categories. Maps of the stress measures illustrate strong spatial patterns across the basin, with the greatest amount of stress occurring on the western shore of Lake Michigan, southwest Lake Erie, and southeastern Lake Ontario. We found strong relationships between the stress measures and characteristics of bird communities, fish communities, and water chemistry measurements from the coastal region. The stress measures are taken to represent the major threats to coastal ecosystems in the U.S. Great Lakes. Such regional-scale efforts are critical for understanding relationships between human disturbance and ecosystem response, and can be used to guide environmental decision-making at both regional and local scales.
Danz, Nicholas; Niemi, Gerald; Regal, Ronald (and others) [University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN (United States)
Modeling the Atmospheric Response to Irrigation in the Great Plains. Part I: General Impacts on Precipitation and the Energy Budget
Since World War II, the expansion of irrigation throughout the Great Plains has resulted in a significant decline in the water table of the Ogallala Aquifer, threatening its long-term sustainability. The addition of near-surface water for ...
Keith J. Harding; Peter K. Snyder
Over-Lake Meteorology and Estimated Bulk Heat Exchange of Great Slave Lake in 1998 and 1999
Meteorological and thermistor moorings were deployed in Great Slave Lake during the Canadian Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Enhanced Study (CAGES) in 1998 and 1999. Large-scale meteorology included influence from a record ENSO ...
William M. Schertzer; Wayne R. Rouse; Peter D. Blanken; Anne E. Walker
Relationship between Winter/Spring Snowfall and Summer Precipitation in the Northern Great Plains of North America
On the basis of snowfall observations from 1929 to 1999, positive (negative) snowfall anomalies are associated with wetter (drier) than normal conditions during the summer [July–August (JJA)] in the northern Great Plains. The five driest summers ...
Steven M. Quiring; Daria B. Kluver
Potential Vorticity and Layer Thickness Variations in the Flow around Jupiter's Great Red Spot and White Oval BC
Layer thickness variations in Jupiter's atmosphere are investigated by treating potential vorticity as a conserved tracer. Starting with the horizontal velocity field measured from Voyager images, fluid trajectories around the Great Red Spot (GRS)...
From new towns to eco-towns : transferable lessons in the building of new cities in Great Britain
This thesis looks to Great Britain for lessons in building New Towns, with an eye towards the nascent Eco-Towns program. Specifically, three areas in urban design are considered: the employment of the neighborhood unit, ...
Simons, Trinity F
Depiction of the Variations of Great Plains Precipitation and Its Relationship with Tropical Central-Eastern Pacific SST
Several advanced analysis tools are applied to depict the time–frequency characteristics of the variations of Great Plains (GP) precipitation and its relationship with tropical central-eastern Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature (SST). These ...
Song Yang; X. Ding; D. Zheng; Q. Li
Potential Predictability of Long-Term Drought and Pluvial Conditions in the U.S. Great Plains
This study examines the predictability of seasonal mean Great Plains precipitation using an ensemble of century-long atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations forced with observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The results show ...
Multi-year, Summertime Observations of Daytime Fair-Weather Cumuli at the ARM Southern Great Plains facility
A long data record (14-year) of ground-based observations at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program Southern Great Plains (SGP) site is analyzed to document the macroscopic and dynamical properties of daytime fair-weather cumulus ...
Arunchandra S. Chandra; P. Kollias; B. A. Albrecht
Interferential Impact of ENSO and PDO on Dry and Wet Conditions in the U.S. Great Plains
The influence of the El Nińo–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) interference on the dry and wet conditions in the Great Plains of the United States has been examined using monthly observational datasets. It is shown ...
Zeng-Zhen Hu; Bohua Huang
Optimizing Industry Water Use: Evaluation of the Use of Water Stewardship Tools by Great Lakes Basin Industries
This document reports on a research study funded by Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), the Great Lakes Protection Fund (GLPF), the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI), and the Council of Great Lakes Industries (CGLI). The objective of the research was to understand and compare, with the assistance of case study applications, water resource stewardship assessment tools that have been proposed by different organizations. The report concludes that tools used to assess global water...
Diatom Genome Helps Explain Their Great Diversity and Success in Trapping
5, 2008 5, 2008 Diatom Genome Helps Explain Their Great Diversity and Success in Trapping Excess Carbon in Oceans WALNUT CREEK, CA-Diatoms, mighty microscopic algae, have profound influence on climate, producing 20 percent of the oxygen we breathe by capturing atmospheric carbon and in so doing, countering the greenhouse effect. Since their evolutionary origins these photosynthetic wonders have come to acquire advantageous genes from bacterial, animal and plant ancestors enabling them to thrive in today's oceans. These findings, based on the analysis of the latest sequenced diatom genome, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, are published in 15 October edition of the journal Nature by an international team of researchers led by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (DOE JGI) and the Ecole Normale Supérieure of
Cost-effective sulfur control strategies for the Great Plains gasification project
The Great Plains gasification plant in Beulah, North Dakota, uses 14 Lurgi gasifiers to produce 152x10/sup 6/ scf/d (4.1x10/sup 6/ Nm/sup 3//d) of pipeline-quality gas from lignite. Since start-up in mid-1984, the plant has provided a serious challenge to the reliable operation of the Stretford sulfur recovery system. To address this challenge, over forty options for mitigating sulfur emissions were evaluated on an economic and technical basis, beginning at the emissions source (the stack) and working back through the plant. Although this study was directed toward providing a timely solution to the sulfur dioxide emissions problem, the status and opportunities for a number of emerging technologies were brought into focus. This evaluation is detailed here by the authors.
Doctor, R.D.; Wilzbach, K.E. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA). Energy and Environmental Systems Div.)
Analysis of pipe failure at the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant
The rupture of a carbon steel elbow in the methanation area of the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant resulted in a fire and plant shutdown. Failure studies consisted of an on-site inspection and an extensive laboratory examination that included light metallography, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, chemical analyses, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. It was concluded that operation of a heat exchanger under off-specification conditions contributed to higher than design temperatures, lower than design pressures, and higher than design concentrations of carbon dioxide and water in the exit line from a condensate separator. Together, these conditions produced high levels of carbonic acid and higher than design velocities resulting in severe corrosion of the carbon steel.
Keiser, J.R.; Mayotte, J.R. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)); Dias, O.C. (Amoco Oil Co., Texas City, TX (United States))
Great Plains ASPEN Model Development: ASPEN physical property evaluation. Final topical report
This report documents the steps taken to evaluate pure component properties in the ASPEN data bank for those compounds required to simulate the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant where the compounds are also available in the DIPPR (Design Institute for Physical Property Data) data bank. DIPPR is a cooperative effort of industry, institutes, and federal agencies interested in the compilation, measurement, and evaluation of physical property data for industrially important compounds. It has been found that the ASPEN data bank is reliable, for the most part, the main problem being lack of documentation. In the few instances where values either were found to be missing or to be unacceptable, recommended constants or equation parameters are presented in this report, along with associated literature citations. In the cases where temperature dependent data were subjected to regression analysis to obtain new equation parameters, the detailed methods employed are presented also. 32 references.
Great Plains Coal Gasification Project will make 17. 5 tons/day of methanol
The Great Plains Coal Gasification Project will make 17.5 tons/day of methanol in addition to 125 million cu ft/day of pipeline-quality substitute natural gas (SNG), making the facility the first commercial producer of methanol-from-coal in the United States, according to the consortium building the $1.5 billion facility in Beulah, North Dakota. As originally conceived, the plant would have used 17 tons/day of purchased methanol to clean the raw-gas product stream of impurities, primarily sulfur. But based on the cost of transporting methanol to the plant site and storing it for use, the consortium decided it was more economical to produce its own methanol from lignite. The construction started in July 1980, and the facility is to come on stream in 1984.
Analysis of pipe failure for the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant
The rupture of a carbon steel elbow in the methanation area of the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant resulted in a fire and plant shutdown. The failure was investigated by personnel from Oak Ridge National Laboratory and ANG Associates, the plant operators. These studies consisted of an on-site inspection and extensive laboratory examination that included optical metallography, x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, chemical analyses, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). It was concluded that operation of a heat exchanger under off-specification conditions contributed to higher than design temperatures, lower than design pressures, and higher than design concentrations of carbon dioxide and water in the exit line from a condensate separator. Together, these conditions produced high levels of carbonic acid and higher than design velocities resulting in severe corrosion of the carbon steel. 9 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.
Keiser, J.R.; Mayotte, J.R. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)); Dias, O.C. (Amoco Research Center, Naperville, IL (USA))
ATLAS Great Lakes Tier-2 Computing and Muon Calibration Center Commissioning
Large-scale computing in ATLAS is based on a grid-linked system of tiered computing centers. The ATLAS Great Lakes Tier-2 came online in September 2006 and now is commissioning with full capacity to provide significant computing power and services to the USATLAS community. Our Tier-2 Center also host the Michigan Muon Calibration Center which is responsible for daily calibrations of the ATLAS Monitored Drift Tubes for ATLAS endcap muon system. During the first LHC beam period in 2008 and following ATLAS global cosmic ray data taking period, the Calibration Center received a large data stream from the muon detector to derive the drift tube timing offsets and time-to-space functions with a turn-around time of 24 hours. We will present the Calibration Center commissioning status and our plan for the first LHC beam collisions in 2009.
Shawn McKee
GPS Water Vapor Projects Within the ARM Southern Great Plains Region
GPS Water Vapor Projects Within the ARM GPS Water Vapor Projects Within the ARM Southern Great Plains Region J. Braun, T. Van Hove, S. Y. Ha, and C. Rocken GPS Science and Technology Program University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Boulder, Colorado Abstract The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program has a need for an improved capability to measure and characterize the four-dimensional distribution of water vapor within the atmosphere. Applications for this type of data include their use in radiation transfer studies, cloud-resolving and single-column models, and for the establishment of an extended time series of water vapor observations. The University Corporation for Atmospheric Research's (UCAR) GPS Science and Technology (GST) Program is working with ARM to leverage the substantial investment in
Observed Surface Reflectance Distributions in the Southern Great Plains During ALIVE
Surface Reflectance Distributions Surface Reflectance Distributions in the Southern Great Plains During ALIVE Kirk Knobelspiesse 1 , Brian Cairns 1 , Andrew Lacis 2 , Mikhail Alexandrov 2 , Barbara Carlson 2 and Beat Schmid 3 1 Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University 2 NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies 3 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory * Surface albedo can be measured from the ground with broadband instruments. * Albedo can be measured from space if the atmospheric effect is removed and many view geometries are available. The measured Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) is angularly integrated to compute the albedo. * Studies of the former (Yang, 2006) and the latter (Liang et al. 2005; Wang et al. 2006) do not always agree.
Evaluation of cooling tower and wastewater treatment operations at the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant
The objective of this study was to provide a technical assessment of the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant Wastewater Treatment System. This Scope of Work consisted of five primary tasks described as follows: Task 1 - Determine the quantity of hydantoins in the stripped gas liquor (SGL), their precursors, and the kinetics of their formation in condensed liquor for the Great Plains Gasification Associates (GPGA) gasification facility. The University of North Dakota Energy Research Center (UNDERC) has measured a high concentration of hydantoins in the gas liquor from their slagging gasifier. UNDERC has tested the use of SGL in a pilot cooling tower and they witnessed some adverse effects in the cooling tower and heat exchanger systems. Task 2 - Investigate the adverse Department of Energy (DOE) findings at UNDERC with regard to corrosion, foaming, biological and organic fouling, chemical attack on concrete and organic emissions resulting from the use of SGL in a pilot plant cooling tower. Task 3 - Validate the heat load on the cooling tower for both summer and winter operation and determine the adequacy of the surge pond to store the maximum predicted amount of excess water accumulated during winter operation. Task 4 - Assess potential fouling, foaming and organic carry-over problems associated with operability of the multiple-effect evaporator and develop recommendations on possible alternate use of evaporator condensate to alleviate possible problems in disposing of excess wastewater. Task 5 - Provide DOE with recommendations on the wastewater treatment backup design and test program already committed to by GPGA. This paper presents Fluor's findings regarding the five primary tasks. 12 refs., 4 figs., 15 tabs.
Evaluation of Regional Climate Simulations over the Great Lakes Region Driven by Three Global Data Sets
The performance of regional climate simulations is evaluated for the Great Lakes region. Three 10-year (1990–1999) current-climate simulations are performed using the MM5 regional climate model (RCM) with 36-km horizontal resolution. The simulations employed identical configuration and physical parameterizations, but different lateral boundary conditions and sea-surface temperatures derived from the NCEP Global Reanalysis and output from the CCSM3 and GISS general circulation models (GCMs). The simulation results are compared to the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). The three RCM simulations appeared to be more accurate in winter and least accurate in summer, and more accurate aloft than near the surface. The reanalysis-constrained simulation adequately captured the spatial distribution and seasonal cycle of the observed surface-air temperature and precipitation, but it produced consistently across all seasons a cold bias that is generally larger over the lakes than over land and a wet bias due to an overestimation of nonconvective precipitation. The simulated seasonal cycle of moisture–flux convergence over the region was in very good agreement with NARR. The two GCM-driven runs adequately simulated the spatial and seasonal variation of temperature, but overestimated cold-season precipitation and underestimated summer precipitation, reversing the observed annual precipitation cycle. The GISS-driven run failed to simulate the prevailing low-level flow and moisture convergence patterns. All three RCM simulations successfully captured the impact of the Great Lakes on the region's climate, especially on winter precipitation, a significant improvement over coarse-resolution GCM simulations over the region.
Zhong, Shiyuan (Sharon); Li, Xiuping; Bian, Xindi; Heilman, Warren E.; Leung, Lai-Yung R.; Gustafson, William I.
Feasibility of producing jet fuel from GPGP (Great Plains Gasification Plant) by-products
The Great Plains Gasification Plant (GPGP) in Beulah, North Dakota, is in close proximity to several Air Force bases along our northern tier. This plant is producing over 137 million cubic feet per day high-Btu SNG from North Dakota lignite. In addition, the plant generates three liquid streams, naphtha, crude phenol, and tar oil. The naphtha may be directly marketable because of its low boiling point and high aromatic content. The other two streams, totalling about 4300 barrels per day, are available as potential sources of aviation jet fuel for the Air Force. The overall objective of this project is to assess the technical and economic feasibility of producing aviation turbine fuel from the by-product streams of GPGP. These streams, as well as fractions thereof, will be characterized and subsequently processed over a wide range of process conditions. The resulting turbine fuel products will be analyzed to determine their chemical and physical characteristics as compared to petroleum-based fuels to meet the military specification requirements. A second objective is to assess the conversion of the by-product streams into a new, higher-density aviation fuel. Since no performance specifications currently exist for a high-density jet fuel, reaction products and intermediates will only be characterized to indicate the feasibility of producing such a fuel. This report describes results on feedstock characterization. 6 figs., 5 tabs.
Willson, W.G.; Knudson, C.L.; Rindt, J.R.
The Great Plains Gasification Plant (GPGP) in Beulah, North Dakota, is in close proximity to several Air Force bases along our northern tier. This plant is producing over 137 million cubic feet per day of high-Btu Natural Gas from North Dakota lignite. In addition, the plant generates three liquid streams, naphtha, crude phenol, and tar oil. The naphtha may be directly marketable because of its low boiling point and high aromatic content. The other two streams, totalling about 4300 barrels per day, are available as potential sources of aviation fuel jet fuel for the Air Force. The overall objective of this project is to assess the technical and economic feasibility of producing aviation turbine fuel from the by-product streams of GPGP. These streams, as well as fractions, thereof, will be characterized and subsequently processed over a wide range of process conditions. The resulting turbine fuel products will be analyzed to determine their chemical and physical characteristics as compared to petroleum-based fuels to meet the military specification requirements. A second objective is to assess the conversion of the by-product streams into a new, higher-density aviation fuel. Since no performance specifications currently exist for a high-density jet fuel, reaction products and intermediates will only be characterized to indicate the feasibility of producing such a fuel. This report discusses the suitability of the tar oil stream. 5 refs., 20 figs., 15 tabs.
Great Plains ASPEN model development: ASPEN sizing enhancements. Final topical report
In preparing cost estimates for the various sections of the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant, the equipment sizing methods for the major equipment items were checked. The sizing results obtained from ASPEN were compared with the sizing results obtained by using the Halcon SD Group's (HSD) own sizing methods and in-house computer programs. Where there were significant differences between the ASPEN sizing results and our own results, the subroutine coding was checked to determine where the differences arose. Modifications were then made to the ASPEN routines where it was thought that HSD's methods would significantly enhance the quality of ASPEN. The following ASPEN sizing subroutines were modified: (1) STW01 - ASPEN tray tower sizing; (2) SVS11 - ASPEN vertical vessel sizing; (3) SVS01 - ASPEN horizontal vessel sizing; and (4) CPVVTH - ASPEN vertical vessel/tower shell thickness and weight determination. Modifications were made to sizing calculations contained in the following ASPEN COST subroutines: (1) CPC01 - ASPEN centrifugal pump costing; and (2) CPC02 - ASPEN centrifugal compressor costing. Modifications also were made to sizing calculations contained in the following ASPEN UOS subroutines: (1) UPC01 - ASPEN pump model; and (2) UPC02 - ASPEN compressor model. A new ASPEN COST subroutine that contains sizing calculations was developed, CPC04 - ASPEN reciprocating compressor costing. 4 references.
Schwint, K.J.
Best Practices for Wind Energy Development in the Great Lakes Region
This report offers a menu of 18 different, yet complementary, preferred practices and policies. The best practices cover all phases of the wind energy development process - from the policies that allow for wind development, to the sustainable operation of a wind project, to the best practices for decommissioning a spent turbine - including applications for offshore wind. Each best practice describes the opportunities and challenges (pros and cons), and offers a case example that illustrates how that best practice is being utilized by a particular jurisdiction or wind project. The practices described in this publication were selected by a diverse group of interests from the Great Lakes Wind Collaborative that included environmental groups, industry, academia, and federal, state and local government regulators. The practices were identified through a year-long process that included a literature review, online survey and interviews with individuals from the public, private and non-profit sectors. Optimally, a suite of these best practices would be applied in an appropriate combination to fit the conditions of a particular wind project or a set of wind projects within a given locality or region.
Pebbles, Victoria; Hummer, John; Haven, Celia
Greatly Enhanced Detectability of Geothermal Tracers Through Laser-Induced Fluorescence
WE have successfully completed a four-year R and D project to greatly reduce the detection limit of fluorescent tracers through the use of emerging laser-excitation, optical fiber, and CCD-spectroscopy technologies. Whereas the efforts over the first two years were directed at demonstrating a reduction in the detection limit of fluorescent compounds by a factor of 100 and at identifying several new fluorescein-derived tracer candidates, our recent efforts were focused primarily on the field demonstration of new tracers having detection limits in the low parts-per-quadrillion range. During the summer of 2001, we initiated field tests at the Dixie Valley, Nevada and at the Beowawe, Nevada geothermal fields using very small quantities of the fluorescein-derivative 6-carboxyfluorescein. Subsequently, we succeeded in measuring sub-part-per-trillion quantities of that candidate tracer at both the Beowawe and Dixie Valley geothermal reservoirs-using approximately 530 g of tracer at each setting. Our studies indicate that we could have observed a breakthrough using only 0.53 g of 6-carboxyfluorescein. This represents a reduction by a factor of 170,000 below the mass of tracer used in a previous tracer test at Beowawe.
Peter Rose; Joel Harris; Phaedra Kilbourn; James Kleimeyer; Troy Carter
Dark matter: the next great discovery of particle physics?: Ettore Majorana through the Looking-glass
As we celebrate the completion of the Standard Model with the discovery of a Higgs-like boson, some of us are working hard on what may be the next great discovery of particle physics. The problem of missing mass, which is now known as dark matter, has persisted for nearly a century. In this time, astrophysical evidence in favor of dark matter has only grown stronger. We now know that dark matter constitutes a majority of the matter in the Universe, yet it is not composed of any particle in the Standard Model. Dark matter is necessary for the formation of galaxies and galaxy clusters and hence has shaped the Universe as we know it. Despite this body of knowledge, we still don't know what particles compose dark matter or how they interact with the particles of the Standard Model. The answers to these remaining questions are being pursued on all frontiers of discovery. In this talk, I will provide an overview of the suite of experiments that is colloquially known as "direct detection" experiments. I will describe how these experiments aim to solve the dark matter puzzle, highlight some of the most promising efforts and conclude with a discussion on future prospects.
Hsu, Lauren [Fermilab
IN an earlier paper (Turner, Radley and Mayneord, 1958a) it was shown that the concentrations of naturally occurring alpha activity occurring in human bones, derived from different parts of this country, could differ by factors of the order of 10 to 1. Later papers (Turner, Radley and Mayneord, 1958b and 1961) reported measurements of the natural alpha activities, due largely to members of the radium series, present in a wide range of foods and drinking waters available in Great Britain. In the present study these data have been used to compare the mean daily intakes of radium 226 per person, from food and water respectively, in different occupational groups as well as among the populations of a number of regions of the country. It seemed possible that such comparisons would provide an indication of the relative importance of food and water in determining the range of human bone activities, due to radium 226, which might be expected among the general population. Daily intakes of alpha activity from food The daily consumptions of different foods per head of population of each
R. C. Turner
Electrofishing survey of the Great Miami River, September 17--18, 1996. Annual report
The electrofishing survey of fish from the Great Miami River at RM 19, 24 and 38 from late summer 1996 demonstrated the sensitivity of the fish community to microhabitat variation. The variation was particularly clear between the pooled, low flow sections of the river and the runs, where fast current habitats occurred. In 1996, like most recent years, the differences were obvious between Rm 24 and RM 19 and RM 38. River Mile 24 was characterized by a fish community of current-loving fish, dominated by Catastomidae (suckers), and Ictaluridae (catfish). In contrast, samples from pooled stations at RM 19 and 38 were dominated by Centrarchidae, Clupeidae and Cyprinidae, particularly the carp. The microhabitats sampled around the abutments of bridges at RM 19 and 38 where fast current and physical structure occurred, both resembled the community at RM 24. Changes in the fish communities associated with the upstream/downstream changes in stream volume, channel size, morphology, etc., were evidenced by the community coefficients which showed least similarity between the most distant sites.
Moller, B.; Miller, M.C.; Buschelmann, F.; Evans, R.L. [Cincinnati Univ., OH (United States). Dept. of Biological Sciences
The United States after the great recession: the challenge of sustainable growth
The paper outlines the strengths and weaknesses of the U.S. economic growth model, assesses its' ability to respond to the key economic, environmental and social challenges currently facing the U.S. and proposes policies that if adopted would move the U.S. onto a more sustainable growth path. The paper provides scenarios of projected future growth trajectories, as well as recommendations for specific policies in key areas: employment, infrastructure, energy and fiscal rebalancing. To reach this goal this paper focuses on four areas for action: Increasing employment, which is the most urgent priority to accelerate recovery from the Great Recession, while addressing underlying structural issues that have led to a decade of poor economic outcomes for most citizens; Investing in the future, as the key marker of whether the United States is prepared to make farsighted decisions to improve education, build new infrastructure and increase innovation; Maximizing an increased energy endowment in a way that grows the economy, while reinforcing the trend towards reducing resource demand and reducing greenhouse gas emissions; and, Fiscal rebalancing, where the United States must insulate economic recovery from the process of fiscal reform while reducing and stabilizing debt over the long term. Finally, we argue that President Obama can re-energize America's global leadership if he builds on a platform of domestic actions that enhance the sustainability of America's society and economy.
Meltzer, Joshua [The Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies (United States); Steven, David (The Brookings Institution Center and the Center on International Cooperation at New York University (United States)); Langley, Claire (The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC (United States)
Ancient and Modern Laminated Composites - From the Great Pyramid of Gizeh to Y2K
Laminated metal composites have been cited in antiquity; for example, a steel laminate that may date as far back as 2750 B.C., was found in the Great Pyramid in Gizeh in 1837. A laminated shield containing bronze, tin, and gold layers, is described in detail by Homer. Well-known examples of steel laminates, such as an Adze blade, dating to 400 B.C. can be found in the literature. The Japanese sword is a laminated composite at several different levels and Merovingian blades were composed of laminated steels. Other examples are also available, including composites from China, Thailand, Indonesia, Germany, Britain, Belgium, France, and Persia. The concept of lamination to provide improved properties has also found expression in modern materials. Of particular interest is the development of laminates including high carbon and low carbon layers. These materials have unusual properties that are of engineering interest; they are similar to ancient welded Damascus steels. The manufacture of collectable knives, labeled ''welded Damascus'', has also been a focus of contemporary knifemakers. Additionally, in the Former Soviet Union, laminated composite designs have been used in engineering applications. Each of the above areas will be briefly reviewed, and some of the metallurgical principles will be described that underlie improvement in properties by lamination. Where appropriate, links are made between these property improvements and those that may have been present in ancient artifacts.
Wadsworth, J.; Lesuer, D.R.
Potential Agricultural Uses of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum in the Northern Great Plains
Flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) is a byproduct from the combustion of coal for electrical energy production. Currently, FGDG is being produced by 15 electrical generating stations in Alabama, Florida, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Ohio, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin. Much of this byproduct is used in the manufacturing of wallboard. The National Network for Use of FGDG in Agriculture was initiated to explore alternative uses of this byproduct. In the northern Great Plains (North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana), FGDG has the potential to be used as a Ca or S fertilizer, as an acid soil ameliorant, and for reclaiming or mitigating sodium-affected soils. Greater than 1.4 million Mg of FGDG could initially be used in these states for these purposes. Flue gas desulfurization gypsum can be an agriculturally important resource for helping to increase the usefulness of problem soils and to increase crop and rangeland production. Conducting beneficial use audits would increase the public awareness of this product and help identify to coal combustion electrical generating stations the agriculturally beneficial outlets for this byproduct.
DeSutter, T.M.; Cihacek, L.J. [North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND (United States). Department of Soil Science
Validation of regional wind resource predictions in the Northern Great Plains
The development and validation of computerized wind mapping tools for regional assessment purposes is an important step in accelerating wind energy deployment. This paper summarizes the results of a validation study of the automated wind resource mapping technique developed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). This technique uses Geographic Information System (GIS) software and produces high horizontal resolution (1 km) wind resource maps. The automated wind maps have been used to help plan wind measurement programs and to define potential areas for wind energy projects in countries such as Mexico, Chile, Indonesia, and China. The authors chose a US location for this project to test the accuracy of the automated mapping technique in a region where the wind resource distribution was already fairly well known. The Buffalo Ridge region of the Northern Great Plains served as the subject area. The study area covered northwestern Iowa, southwestern Minnesota, and adjacent parts of South Dakota and Nebraska. This area had several advantages for use in a validation study. First, this area has active wind energy development and the results would be of interest to the wind energy community. Second, a validation data set would be fairly easy to derive because recent wind measurements were taken in that region specifically for wind energy purposes. These data were publicly available and easily obtained. Finally, the relatively simple terrain in that region enabled this study to be completed in a timely manner.
Elliott, D.; Schwartz, M.
Impact of early diagenesis of Eolian reservoirs, Great Sand Dunes National Monument, Colorado
Dune and associated alluvial and playa deposits at Great Sand Dunes National Monument, Colorado, provide an excellent opportunity to study early diagenetic development of vertical and horizontal permeability barriers in recent eolian deposits (> 10 ka). Cements observed include calcite, aragonite, protodolomite(.), amorphous silica, iron hydroxide, smectite, trona, and halite. Cementation is controlled by the availability of water, with several hydrologic subenvironments producing different cements. Evaporative cementation in dunes adjacent to playas is commonly dominated by trona and halite, but calcite, aragonite, and amorphous silica also bind the sediment. These cements are generally most concentrated in fine laminations where capillary action has pulled water into dunes. Iron hydroxides, calcite, and amorphous silica precipitate at the interface between ground water and streams or lakes, where the pH gradient may exceed 5 pH units (pH 5.7-11.5). Subsequent movement of the ground-water table can result in cross-cutting cement zones. Early cementation in dunes prevents deflation and provides a mechanism for preservation of the reservoir unit. Intense cementation may permanently occlude porosity, or leaching may reestablish well-interconnected porosity. An understanding of the extent and composition of early cement zones can be used to improve hydrodynamic models for production and enhanced recovery.
Krystinik, L.F.; Andrews, S.; Fryberger, S.G.
Best Practices for Sustainable WInd Energy Development in the Great Lakes Region and Beyond
This document offers a menu of 18 different, yet complimentary preferred practices and policies. The best practices cover all phases of the wind energy development process - from the policies that allow for wind development, to the sustainable operation of a wind project, to the best practices for decommissioning a spent turbine - including applications for offshore wind. The practices include those that have been previously tested and proven effective, as well as new practices that were identified by experts in the field as needed for future wind developments. Each best practice includes information about the opportunities and challenges (pros and cons), and offers a case example that illustrates how that best practice is being utilized by a particular jurisdiction or wind project. The practices described in this publication were selected by a diverse group of interests from the Great Lakes Wind Collaborative that included environmental groups, industry, and federal, state and local government regulators. They were identified through a year long process that included a literature review, online survey and interviews with individuals from the public, private and non-profit sectors.
Great Lakes Commission; Victoria Pebbles; John Hummer; Celia Haven
NETL: News Release - CO2 Injection in Kansas Oilfield Could Greatly
31, 2011 31, 2011 CO2 Injection in Kansas Oilfield Could Greatly Increase Production, Permanently Store Carbon Dioxide, DOE Study Says Near-Miscible Flooding in Arbuckle Formation Would Help Small Producers Tap Additional Domestic Resources Washington, D.C. - The feasibility of using carbon dioxide (CO2) injection for recovering between 250 million and 500 million additional barrels of oil from Kansas oilfields has been established in a study funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The University of Kansas Center for Research studied the possibility of near-miscible CO2 flooding for extending the life of mature oilfields in the Arbuckle Formation while simultaneously providing permanent geologic storage of carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas. Miscibility refers to the pressure at which the CO2 and oil are completely soluble in one another or form a single phase. Below the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) the injected CO2 mixes with and swells the oil to reduce its viscosity, increasing its ability to flow through the reservoir more easily to the production well.
Zero-order trace element distribution model for the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant: Topical report
The Morgantown Energy Technology Center of the US DOE is developing a series for models of environmental systems. Both zero-order and detailed models are being developed. Detailed models are based on fundamental engineering principles and the use of detailed physical and chemical property data; reliance on empirical relationships and correlations is minimized. The key advantage of detailed models is their predictive capabilities and utility in performing valid comparative analyses. An important prerequisite to the development of detailed models in the availability of representative, long-term process and environmental data. These data are needed both to develop the models as well as to validate them. Zero-order models are less rigorous and have less predictive capability than detailed models since they are based on empirical estimates and simple correlations. However, they can be developed relatively quickly and are significantly less expensive to develop and use compared to detailed models. Zero-order models are useful in identifying potential environmental or control technology problems. As such, they can help direct future research and development efforts. They can provide useful information when comprehensive data are unavailable for detailed modeling, and can be used as a screening tool to identify process alternatives which appear to warrant more detailed modeling. This report describes a zero-order trace element distribution model for the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant located near Beulah, North Dakota. The model estimates how trace elements entering the plant in the feed coal are distributed to the plant's process and waste streams. Elements that may be introduced to the plant's waste streams from sorbents and/or catalysts (e.g., Vanadium in makeup Stretford solution) are not considered in the model. 13 refs.
Thomas, W.C.; Page, G.C.; Magee, R.A.
Great Plains ASPEN Model Development: binary interaction parameters and activity coefficient parameters. Final report
The simulation of the various sections of the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant involves modelling vapor-liquid equilibria and liquid-liquid equilibria that are highly nonideal. The Peng-Robinson equation of state, modified for water, was used in the simulation of most of the process sections. Interaction parameters established by regression of literature data, using ASPEN's DRS system, along with interaction parameter values found in the literature, became the database for the simulation. In two of the sections, the Oxygen Plant and the TEG drying of the product SNG, activity coefficient models were used because they gave a better prediction of the phase equilibrium. For the Rectisol unit, which removes hydrogen sulfide from the gas, parameters available from a DOE sponsored contract, Tristate, were used, after verification, for the ASPEN modified version of the RKS. The phases that were predicted using these parameters were checked against literature data and, in most cases, the liquid mole fractions of carbon dioxide predicted by the correlation were within 10% of those reported. A model that would predict phase equilibrium, based on the ionization of Lewis acids and bases and salts, would have been an ideal choice for simulation of the Stretford and Phosam flowsheets. However, only limited temperature dependent liquid activity coefficients data are available in the literature for the ionic species found in the Stretford and Phosam solutions, from which correlation parameters could be obtained by regression. Also, only the flash model can handle this type of calculation; therefore, it was used only to a limited extent in the simulation of the Stretford Unit Absorber. 118 references.
Stern, S.S.; Millman, M.C.; Kirman, J.J.; Nwogu, D.
In 1953 the tangled, skeletal remains of a ship were pulled from the small harbor of Penetanguishene, Ontario. Local historians had hoped to raise the hull of a War of 1812 veteran, but the vessel pulled from the depths did not meet the criteria. Identified as H.M. Schooner Tecumseth, the vessel was built just after the War of 1812 had ended. Historical research of Tecumseth and her sister ship Newash, which remained in Penetanguishene harbor, illuminated the ships? shadowy past. Conceived and built after the war, the vessels sailed for only two years before being rendered obsolete by the terms of the Rush-Bagot disarmament agreement. Nevertheless, the two vessels offer a unique perspective from which to view the post-war period on the Great Lakes. The schooners? hulls were interpreted and analyzed using archaeological evidence. A theoretical rigging reconstruction was created, using contemporary texts and documentary evidence of the ships themselves. Architectural hull analysis was carried out to explore the nature of these vessels. From these varied approaches, a conception of Newash and Tecumseth has emerged, revealing ways in which the hulls were designed to fulfill their specific duties. The hulls were sharp, yet had capacious cargo areas. The rigs combined square-rigged and fore-and-aft sails for maximum flexibility. The designs of the hulls and rigging also reflect predominant attitudes of the period, in which naval vessels on the lakes gave way to merchant craft. Taken as a whole, Tecumseth and Newash illustrate how ships, while fluid in the nature of their work, are also singular entities that truly encapsulate a specific point in time and place.
Gordon, Leeanne E.
A 10-year climatology of solar radiation for the Great Barrier Reef: implications for recent mass coral bleaching events
A 10-year solar radiation climatology is developed for the Great Barrier Reef region using data from the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS). The method uses a look-up table based on the STREAMER radiative transfer model for a tropical atmosphere. ...
Itsara Masiri; Manuel Nunez; Evan Weller
A case history of a coal gasification wastewater cooling tower at the Great Plains coal gasification project
This paper describes the conceptual process design of the Great Plains cooling water system, the fouling history of the cooling tower, and the results of the design modifications. In addition, general design guidelines for future wastewater reuse cooling towers are recommended. By following these guidelines, design engineers can minimize the risk of fouling that could impair a wastewater cooling tower's thermal performance.
Crocker, B.R.; Bromel, M.C.; Pontbriand, M.W.
Maximum Freezing Degree-Days as a Winter Severity Index for the Great Lakes, 1897–1977
General regional and temporal trends in maximum freezing degree-days (FDD's) are identified for the shore zone of the Great Lakes Basin for the 80 winter periods 1897–1977. The cumulative frequency distribution of FDD's at cub of 25 locations is ...
Raymond A. Assel
Annals of Nuclear Eneroy, Vol. 7. pp. 171 to 183 Pergamon Press Ltd. 1980. Printed in Great Britain
slab reactor in the modified one-group theory, and subsequently, the neutronresponse to twoAnnals of Nuclear Eneroy, Vol. 7. pp. 171 to 183 Pergamon Press Ltd. 1980. Printed in Great Britain I. P.~ZSIT*and G. TH. ANALYTIS~ Department of Nuclear Engineering,Queen Mary College,Mile End Road
Pázsit, Imre
Annals of Nuclear Energy, Vol. 7, pp. 535 to 539 Pergamon Press Ltd. 1980. Printed in Great Britain
ON MULTI-MEDIA CALCULATIONS IN THE THEORY OF NEUTRON DIFFUSION J. R. MAIORINO* and C. E. SIEWERT NuclearAnnals of Nuclear Energy, Vol. 7, pp. 535 to 539 Pergamon Press Ltd. 1980. Printed in Great Britain) Abstract--The FN method is used to solve the critical problem for a three-region reactor and to compute
Siewert, Charles E.
Dendroclimatic Reconstruction at km-scale Grid Points: A Case Study from the Great Basin of North America
Preparing for future hydroclimatic variability greatly benefits from long (i.e., multi-century) records at seasonal to annual time steps that have been gridded at km-scale spatial intervals over a geographic region. Kriging is commonly used for ...
Franco Biondi
Coal development in the Northern Great Plains: the impact of revenues of state and local governments. Agricultural economic report (final)
Development of Northern Great Plains coal resources will create new demands for state and local government services. This study reports detailed estimates of the state and local taxes that would be paid by three different sized coal mines and their employees in Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming.
Stinson, T.F.; Voelker, S.W.
Establishment of Smoke-Free Bars and Taverns. '' Journal ofS. A. Glantz. ''Effect of Smoke- Free Workplaces on SmokingEconomic Effects of Smoke-Free Policies on the Hospitality
Ethical Consumers:Strategically Moving the Restaurant Industry towards Sustainability.
??Consumerism plays an important role in the development of society, and consumption can be a driving force to shift society into a sustainable future. This… (more)
JingJing, Duan; Xinze, Li
Consumers' choice factors of an upscale ethnic restaurant.
??Globally, there is a growing demand for food away from home as a result of higher incomes, changes in consumption patterns, changes in household composition,… (more)
Sriwongrat, Chirawan
Examining brand associations that influence consumers' restaurant preferences.
??Extant branding literature holds that, strong brands evoke brand associations that are differentiated readily from direct competitors. Additionally, brand theory asserts that the most powerful… (more)
Njite, David
The performance of Chinese restaurants in Turku area.
??Turku is one of the biggest cities in Finland. There are many Chinese immigrants inhabitant in Turku area, as a result, Chinese food become more… (more)
Li, Chuang
Behind Every Good Metabolite there is a Great Enzyme (and perhaps a structure)
Today, due to great technological advancements, it is possible to study everything at the same time. This ability has given birth to "totality" studies in the fields of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. In turn, the combined study of all these global analyses gave birth to the field of systems biology. Another "totality" field brought to life with new emerging technologies is structural genomics, an effort to determine the three-dimensional structure of every protein encoded in a genome. The Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID) is a specialized structural genomics effort composed of academic (University of Washington), government (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory), not-for-profit (Seattle BioMed), and commercial (Emerald BioStructures) institutions that is funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Federal Contract: HHSN272200700057C and HHSN27220120025C) to apply genome-scale approaches in solving protein structures from biodefense organisms, as well as those causing emerging and re-emerging disease. In five years over 540 structures have been deposited into the Protein Data Bank (PDB) by SSGICD. About one third of all SSGCID structures contain bound ligands, many of which are metabolites or metabolite analogues present in the cell. These proteins structures are the blueprints for the structure-based design of the next generation of drugs against bacterial pathogens and other infectious diseases. Many of the selected SSGCID targets are annotated enzymes from known metabolomic pathways essential to cellular vitality since selectively "knocking-out" one of the enzymes in an important pathway with a drug may be fatal to the organism. One reason metabolomic pathways are important is because of the small molecules, or metabolites, produced at various steps in these pathways and identified by metabolomic studies. Unlike genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics that may be influenced by epigenetic, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modifications, respectively, the metabolites present in the cell at any one time represent downstream biochemical endproducts, and therefore, metabolite profiles may be most closely associated with a phenotype and provide valuable information for infectious disease research. Metabolomic data would be even more useful if it could be linked to the vast amount of structural genomics data. Towards this goal SSGCID has created an automated website (http://apps.sbri.org/SSGCIDTargetStatus/Pathway) that assigns selected SSGCID target proteins to MetaCyc pathways (http://metacyc.org/). Details of this website will be provided here. The SSGCID-Pathway website represents a first big step towards linking metabolites and metabolic pathways to structural genomic data with the goal of accelerating the discovery of new agents to battle infectious diseases.
Buchko, Garry W.; Phan, Isabelle; Cron, Lisabeth; Stacy, Robin; Stewart, Lance J.; Staker, Bart L.; Edwards, Tom E.; Varani, Gabriele; Van Voorhis, Wesley C.; Myler, Peter J.
This literature study investigated methods and areas to deduce climate change and climate patterns, looking for short-term cycle phenomena and the means to interpret them. Many groups are actively engaged in intensive climate-related research. Ongoing research might be (overly) simplified into three categories: (1) historic data on weather that can be used for trend analysis and modeling; (2) detailed geological, biological (subfossil), and analytical (geochemical, radiocarbon, etc.) studies covering the last 10,000 years (about since last glaciation); and (3) geological, paleontological, and analytical (geochemical, radiometric, etc.) studies over millions of years. Of importance is our ultimate ability to join these various lines of inquiry into an effective means of interpretation. At this point, the process of integration is fraught with methodological troubles and misconceptions about what each group can contribute. This project has met its goals to the extent that it provided an opportunity to study resource materials and consider options for future effort toward the goal of understanding the natural climate variation that has shaped our current civilization. A further outcome of this project is a proposed methodology based on ''climate sections'' that provides spatial and temporal correlation within a region. The method would integrate cultural and climate data to establish the climate history of a region with increasing accuracy with progressive study and scientific advancement (e. g., better integration of regional and global models). The goal of this project is to better understand natural climatic variations in the recent past (last 5000 years). The information generated by this work is intended to provide better context within which to examine global climate change. The ongoing project will help to establish a basis upon which to interpret late Holocene short-term climate variability as evidenced in various studies in the northern Great Plains, northern hemisphere, and elsewhere. Finally these data can be integrated into a history of climate change and predictive climate models. This is not a small undertaking. The goals of researchers and the methods used vary considerably. The primary task of this project was literature research to (1) evaluate existing methodologies used in geologic climate change studies and evidence for short-term cycles produced by these methodologies and (2) evaluate late Holocene climate patterns and their interpretations.
Joseph H. Hartman
Ford Escape Advanced Research Vehicle Report Notes
Advanced Research Vehicle Advanced Research Vehicle Report Notes 1 "Overall AC electrical energy consumption (AC Wh/mi)" is based on AC electricity consumed during charging events which began during the reporting period and distance driven during all trips in the reporting period. 2 "Overall DC electrical energy consumption (DC Wh/mi)" is based on net DC electricity discharged from or charged to the plug-in battery pack and distance driven during all trips in the reporting period. DC Wh/mi may not be comparable to AC Wh/mi if AC electricity charged prior to the reporting period was discharged during driving within the reporting period, or if AC electricity charged during the reporting period was not discharged during driving within the reporting period.
A 3-Year Climatology of Cloud and Radiative Properties Derived from GOES-8 Data Over the Southern Great Plains
3-Year Climatology of Cloud and Radiative Properties 3-Year Climatology of Cloud and Radiative Properties Derived from GOES-8 Data Over the Southern Great Plains M. M. Khaiyer, A. D. Rapp, D. R. Doelling, and M. L. Nordeen Analytical Service and Materials, Inc. Hampton, Virginia P. Minnis, W. L. Smith, Jr., and L. Nguyen Atmospheric Sciences Division National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia Introduction While the various instruments maintained at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program Southern Great Plains (SGP) Central Facility (CF) provide detailed cloud and radiation measurements for a small area, satellite cloud property retrievals provide a means of examining the large-scale properties of the surrounding region over an extended period of time. Seasonal and inter-annual
Great Plains Coal Gasification Project, Mercer County, North Dakota. Quarterly technical and environmental report, third quarter 1984
Activities remain on schedule to meet Great Plains Gasification Associates (GPGA's) full gas production date. Gasification Plant - Detailed engineering is complete. Construction is 99% complete. Start-up operations are proceeding well. SNG was delivered to the product pipeline this quarter. The only remaining plant permit is the Permit to Operate, which is expected to be issued in late 1985. Quality Assurance/Quality Control Activities included major equipment inspections, further development of welding procedures, and continuation of the corrosion control/materials evaluation program. Freedom mine development activities remain on schedule.
The Great Hanshin - Awaji Earthquake of January 17, 1995: A Report on Electric Power and Other Impacts
On Tuesday January 17, 1995 the Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake struck the Kansai region of Japan, killing 6,308 people from their homes and causing injury to 43,177, displacing several hundred thousand people from their homes and causing an estimated $130 billion in losses. The earthquake measured 7.2 on the Japan Meteorological Agency scale with a moment magnitude of 6.9 (comparable to Modified Mercalli intensities of X-XI) and peak ground accelerations of up to .8g. The region suffered major utility ou...
Optimization and preconceptual design of a 5 MWe salt-gradient solar pond power plant at Great Salt Lake
The techniques used to optimize and design a solar salt-gradient pond (SSP) power plant for installation at the Great Salt Lake are described. The method and results of the site selection study are described as well as the characteristics of the selected site. The figure of merit used as well as the characteristics of the selected site. The figure of merit used in the optimization study, the general optimization approach, and the specific optimization method used for each subsystem are described. Results are then discussed of the optimization of the pond configuration, total system, and piping. Pond design and ground rule sensitivity studies are reported. (LEW)
Drost, M.K.; Brown, L.M.; Barnhart, J.S.; Cavola, R.G.; Hauser, S.G.; Johnson, B.M.
Estimating Clear-Sky Regional Surface Fluxes in the Southern Great Plains Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Site with Ground Measurements and Satellite Observations
The authors compared methods for estimating surface fluxes under clear-sky conditions over a large heterogeneous area from a limited number of ground measurements and from satellite observations using data obtained from the southern Great Plains ...
W. Gao; R. L. Coulter; B. M. Lesht; J. Qiu; M. L. Wesely
Atmosphere–Land Surface Interactions over the Southern Great Plains: Characterization from Pentad Analysis of DOE ARM Field Observations and NARR
The Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site data are analyzed to provide insight into atmosphere–land surface interactions generating summertime precipitation variability. Pentad-...
Alfredo Ruiz-Barradas; Sumant Nigam
Investigation of Large-Scale Atmospheric Moisture Budget and Land Surface Interactions over U.S. Southern Great Plains including for CLASIC (June 2007)
The atmospheric moisture budget and surface interactions for the southern Great Plains are evaluated for contrasting May–June periods (1998, 2002, 2006, and 2007) as background for the Cloud and Land Surface Interaction Campaign (CLASIC) of (wet) ...
Peter J. Lamb; Diane H. Portis; Abraham Zangvil
Great Lakes water quality initiative criteria documents for the protection of wildlife (proposed): DDT, mercury 2,3,7,8-TCDD and PCBs
The document outlines, for each category of contaminant listed in the title, the relevant literature, the calculation of mammalian wildlife value, the calculation of Avian Wildlife Value, and the Great Lakes Wildlife criterion.
Bradbury, S.; Nolt, C.; Goodman, B.; Stromborg, K.; Sullivan, J.
256 256 STRATEGIC PLAN FOR COORDINATING RURAL INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (ITS) TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT IN THE GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK L. F. Truett (firstname.lastname@example.com) S. M. Chin (email@example.com) E. C. P. Chang (firstname.lastname@example.com) November 2002 Prepared for the FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Washington, D.C. 20590 Prepared by the Center for Transportation Analysis OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6073 managed by UT-BATTELLE, LLC for the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 Coordination of Transit Concepts in GSMNP page iii, 11/12/02 STRATEGIC PLAN FOR COORDINATING RURAL INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (ITS) TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT IN THE
Occult Mediastinal Great Vessel Trauma: The Value of Aortography Performed During Angiographic Screening for Blunt Cervical Vascular Trauma
Purpose. To determine the value of aortography in the assessment of occult aortic and great vessel injuries when routinely performed during screening angiography for blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI). Methods. One hundred and one consecutive patients who received both aortography and screening four-vessel angiography over 4 years were identified retrospectively. Angiograms for these patients were evaluated, and the incidence of occult mediastinal vascular injury was determined. Results. Of the 101 patients, 6 (6%) had angiographically documented traumatic aortic injuries. Of these 6 patients, one injury (17%) was unsuspected prior to angiography. Four of the 6 (67%) also had BCVI. One additional patient also had an injury to a branch of the subclavian artery. Conclusion. Routine aortography during screening angiography for BCVI is not warranted due to the low incidence (1%) of occult mediastinal arterial injury. However, in the setting of a BCVI screening study and no CT scan of the chest, aortography may be advantageous.
Ray, Charles E. [Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Department of Interventional Radiology (United States)], E-mail: email@example.com; Bauer, Jason R. [University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (United States); Cothren, C. Clay [Denver Health Medical Center, Department of Surgery (United States); Turner, James H. [Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Department of Interventional Radiology (United States); Moore, Ernest E. [Denver Health Medical Center, Department of Surgery (United States)
Environmental assessment for the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program: Southern Great Plains Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) site
The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program is aimed at supplying improved predictive capability of climate change, particularly the prediction of cloud-climate feedback. The objective will be achieved by measuring the atmospheric radiation and physical and meteorological quantities that control solar radiation in the earth`s atmosphere and using this information to test global climate and related models. The proposed action is to construct and operate a Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) research site in the southern Great Plains as part of the Department of Energy`s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program whose objective is to develop an improved predictive capability of global climate change. The purpose of this CART research site in southern Kansas and northern Oklahoma would be to collect meteorological and other scientific information to better characterize the processes controlling radiation transfer on a global scale. Impacts which could result from this facility are described.
Policastro, A.J.; Pfingston, J.M.; Maloney, D.M.; Wasmer, F.; Pentecost, E.D.
Review and evaluation of contingency plans for oil and hazardous substances in the upper Great Lakes region. Final report
The purpose of this study was to update and supplement a contingency plan review conducted for the Corps in 1979 by the St. Lawrence-Eastern Ontario Commission for handling oil and hazardous-substance spills on the upper Great Lakes and their connecting channels. Special attention was given to cleanup and control methods described for ice conditions that may exist in the region in winter. The report identifies existing contingency plans in the study area; tabulates amounts, types, and locations of equipment and manpower that exist to implement the plans; describes methods to contain and recover oil in ice conditions; describes spill-mitigation plans and techniques to protect natural resources; describes techniques of deflecting oil in swift flowing waters; and describes disposal plans identified in the contingency plans.
Gundlach, E.R.; Murday, M.; Fanning, W.L.
The effects of regional climate change on space conditioning needs and the energy industry in the Great Lakes region
To date, studies of the effects of potential climate change on energy use and demand have been done on a macro scale or with coarse model data but, in reality, regional climate change effects will determine the actual behavior of energy users. The output from a 3-year simulation of the coupled NCAR CCM/MM4 regional climate modeling system is used to examine changes in average temperature and temperature variability on a regional scale, the impacts of such change on the need for space conditioning in the Great Lakes region, and the subsequent changes in energy demand. The NCAR modeling system uses general circulation model results to drive a more highly resolved mesoscale model to produce a detailed regional climate. A 3-year run of both base case and doubled CO{sub 2} climate for the United States has been produced. From these results, changes in heating and cooling degree days, and changes in consecutive days above or below various temperature thresholds were calculated. Heating and cooling energy use intensities that are representative of the residential building stock found in the region were used to convert climate data to energy demand. The implications for the energy industry are discussed. The model results indicate that the changed climate under doubled carbon dioxide conditions would have large impacts on energy use, although it is difficult to determine the balance between decreased heating needs and increased cooling needs. It was found that biases present in the temperature output of the modeling system are greater for the Great Lakes region than for the rest of the U.S. and limit the usefulness of the present data set for determining the effects of climate change on energy use in that area.
Fernau, M.E.; Maloney, E.D. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States); Bates, G.T. [National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States)
Southern Great Plains Newsletter
This months issue contains the following articles: (1) Scientists convene at SGP site for complex convective cloud experiment; (2) VORTEX2 spins down; (3) Sunphotometer supports SPARTICUS (a Sun and Aureole Measurement imaging sunphotometer) campaign and satellite validation studies; and (4) Ceilometer represents first deployment of new ground-based instruments from Recovery Act.
J. Prell L. R. Roeder
Great Plains gasification project
This paper describes organizational and research work on a coal gasification project which is based on North Dakota lignite. Many design changes have been incorporated into this plant, which is now being built after years of delay due to environmental, financial, and regulatory problems. Engineering and operational details are given for a project designed for conversion of 22,000 tons/day of liquid into fuel gas and several by products. Economic considerations are included.
Kuhn, A.K.
The great American garage
How does one explore the suburban home? Go in through the garage, of course. Sales, bands, suicides, and business startups: The suburban garage is the most culturally flexible space in the entire American domestic environment. ...
Miller, B. Alex (Brian Alex), 1977-
Great American Smokeout —
by the American Cancer Society, is an annual event that encourages smokers to quit for at least 1 day in the hope that this might challenge them to stop permanently (1). This year, GASO will be held on November 18. Major changes have occurred since the first GASO in 1977. In 1978, approximately 34 % of adults smoked; by 2009, nearly 21 % smoked (2–4). Federal laws now prohibit smoking on airlines, and 24 states and the District of Columbia have comprehensive smoking bans (3,4). The U.S. government also has added coverage of smoking cessation treatments to health plans. As of October 1, 2010, Medicaid programs are required to cover tobaccodependence treatments for pregnant women, and in 2011, cessation coverage will be provided to all federal employees, retirees, and their spouses and dependents. Despite progress, 46.6 million U.S. adults smoke, 40% of nonsmokers are exposed to secondhand smoke, and 443,000 deaths each year are attributed to smoking and secondhand smoke (3–5). Additional information and support for quitting is available online
unknown authors
Fission-fusion sociality in dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus), with comparisons to other dolphins and great apes
I examined fission-fusion sociality in dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus), and investigated aspects of social convergence between dolphins and great apes. I used boat-based group focal follows and photo-identification to collect data in Admiralty Bay, New Zealand during 2005-2006. I used generalized estimating equations to examine relationships between party (group) size, rate of party fission-fusion, activity, and location; and relationships between leaping frequency and behavior. Using photo-identification images from 2001-2006, I analyzed the strength and temporal patterning of associations, short- and long-term association patterns, preferred/avoided associations, and behaviorally-specific preferred associations. To analyze social convergence between dolphins and great apes, I compared female bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops spp.) and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) social strategies through literature review. I conducted 171 group focal follows, totaling 157 observation hours. Mean party size was 7.0±6.0 individuals. Party size changed every 5±.47.6 min on average. The most frequent activity was resting (37%), followed by traveling (29%), foraging (18%), and socializing (15%). Foraging was positively related to party size and rate of fission-fusion. Near mussel farms, foraging increased, traveling decreased, and rate of party fusion increased. "Clean" leaps were the most frequent leap type (84%) and were positively related to party size and foraging. Noisy and coordinated leaps were positively related to party size; noisy leaps were negatively related to foraging. Associations during 2001-2006 (N = 228 individuals) were nonrandom for 125 days; associations within one field season were nonrandom for 60 days. Individuals formed preferred/avoided associations during most years. The strongest associations occurred during foraging and socializing; the weakest associations occurred during traveling. Individuals formed preferred associations during foraging, resting, and socializing. Review of female bottlenose dolphin and chimpanzee sociality revealed that: 1) females form weaker bonds and are less social than males, 2) females associate mostly with other females, 3) mothers are often alone with their offspring, 4) mothers (vs. non-mothers) and non-cycling (vs. cycling) females associate less with males, and 5) non-cycling (vs. cycling) females occur in smaller parties. Female dolphins may be more social than female chimpanzees due to decreased scramble competition, increased predation risk, and decreased cost of transport for dolphins vs. chimpanzees.
Pearson, Heidi Christine
Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Soils of Ultramafic Origin from the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe and Gillespie County, Texas
Although soils developed from ultramafic parent materials have significance to agriculture, ecology and health, their bio-geochemistry is poorly understood. The mineralogical and bio-geochemistry of soils formed from the ultramafic parent materials of the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe and Gillespie County, Texas was investigated. The objectives were to determine the mineralogical and bio-geochemical properties of the soils in order to assess the potential impact and challenges to agriculture, and environmental quality. Soil samples were taken from the crest, shoulder, footslope and the toeslope. Chemical analyses were performed by nuclear and spectroscopic techniques. Mineral characterization was conducted by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and spectroscopic techniques. Microbial whole-community structure was determined by the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) technique. The results indicate wide chemical and mineralogical compositions among the studied sites. The soils contain relatively high concentrations of heavy metals (some sites contain Cr(VI)), but low levels of K and Ca. The highest concentrations of trace metal were associated with chromite, Fe oxides and serpentinite. The concentrations of Mg were higher than those of Ca and varied between Zimbabwe and Texas soils largely due to the parent materials. Unique to these soils is the occurrence of talc, serpentine, chlorite, Fe-rich smectite, amphiboles, pyroxenes, Fe and Cr oxides in relatively large amounts. These soils also lack micas and have neglible amounts of kaolinite and feldspars. Palygorskite and serpentine occurred in specific soil horizons and at specific landscape positions. FAME profiles indicate that the soil microbial community structure is predominantly bacteria and fungi (including arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi) at each landscape position across the transect. Biomarkers for actinomycetes were undetectable. The proportions of Gram-positive bacteria were higher than those of the Gram-negative bacteria. Very low levels of nutrients (Ca and K), higher Mg/Ca molar ratios, and the relatively high concentrations of heavy metals in these soils impact agricultural productivity. High concentrations of heavy metals, the presence of the Cr(VI) as well as its great potential to form in these soils might impact microbial activity and environmental quality. The occurrence of fibrous minerals (e.g serpentine and amphiboles) in these soils will likely impact human health.
Bangira, Courage
Synfuels Corporation considers $6. 8 billion in new aid to boost Great Plains and three other facilities
The US Synthetic Fuels Corporation (SFC) voted unanimously on December 1 to negotiate agreements with four companies for $6.8 billion in loan and price guarantees. One potential recipient, the Great Plains Coal Gasification Project, was turned down two months earlier. Other recipients would be the Union Oil Company of California, the Arkansas Power and Light Company, and Geokinetics Inc. Only the size of the potential awards, which provide a welcome boost to the synfuels industry, was a surprise. Analysts see the decisions as a possible new commitment by the Reagan Administration to synthetic fuels to ease the concerns of private sponsors threatening to kill the projects. The SFC has made only one award to date, but officials say they will ultimately award $13 billion in loan and price guarantees by the end of 1984 to cover about 12 projects. Of that amount, $1 billion will go for six tar sands and heavy-oil projects, $5 billion for three shale-oil projects, and $7 billion for three coal-related plants.
Doucette, D.B.
Character and regional significance of Great Falls Tectonic Zone, East-Central Idaho and West-Central Montana
The Great Falls tectonic zone, here named, is a belt of diverse northeast-trending geologic features that can be traced from the Idaho batholith in the Cordilleran miogeocline, across thrust-belt structures and basement rocks of west-central and southwestern Montana, through cratonic rocks of central Montana, and into southwesternmost Saskatchewan, Canada. Geologic mapping in east-central Idaho and west-central Montana has outlined a continuous zone of high-angle faults and shear zones. These structures extend more than 150 km northeastward from near Salmon, Idaho, toward Anaconda, Montana, had recurrent movement from middle Proterozoic to Holocene time, controlled the intrusion and orientation of Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary dike swarms, and controlled the uplift and orientation of the Anaconda-Pintlar Range. Recurrent fault movement in this zone and strong structural control over igneous intrusion suggest a fundamental tectonic feature that has influenced the tectonic development of the Idaho Montana area from at least middle Proterozoic time to the present.
O'Neill, J.M.; Lopez, D.A.
Comparison of Meteorological Measurements from Sparse and Dense Surface Observation Networks in the U.S. Southern Great Plains
The primary objective of this study was to analyze the spatial variability of temperature and relative humidity across Kansas (KS) and Oklahoma (OK) for sparse and dense networks by comparing data from (1) the Surface Meteorological Observing System (SMOS) installations at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM; Peppler et al. 2008) Program's Southern Great Plains site and (2) the Oklahoma Mesonet (OKM; McPherson et al. 2007). Given the wealth of observations available from these networks, this study provided the unique opportunity to determine, within a quantifiable statistical limit, an optimal distance between stations deployed for observation of the climatological values of temperature and relative humidity. Average distances between a given station and its closest neighboring station for the ARM SMOS (~ 70 km) and the OKM (~ 30 km; Brotzge and Richardson 2003) networks provided an excellent framework for comparisons of sparse and dense observations (Figure 1). This study further lays groundwork for a future investigation to determine the necessary spacing between observations for initialization of gridded numerical models.
JW Monroe; MT Ritsche; M Franklin; KE Kehoe
Hunter-gatherer adaptations and environmental change in the southern Great Basin: The evidence from Pahute and Rainier mesas
This paper reviews the evidence for fluctuations in past environments in the southern Great Basin and examines how these changes may have affected the strategies followed by past hunter and gatherers in their utilization of the resources available on a highland in this region. The evidence used to reconstruct past environments for the region include botanical remains from packrat middens, pollen spectra from lake and spring deposits, faunal remains recovered from archaeological and geologic contexts, tree-ring indices from trees located in sensitive (tree-line) environments, and eolian, alluvial and fluvial sediments deposited in a variety of contexts. Interpretations of past hunter and gatherer adaptive strategies are based on a sample of 1,311 archaeological sites recorded during preconstruction surveys on Pahute and Rainier mesas in advance of the US Department of Energy`s nuclear weapons testing program. Projectile point chronologies and available tree-ring, radiocarbon, thermoluminescence and obsidian hydration dates were used to assign these archaeological sites to specific periods of use.
Pippin, L.C.
Investigation of MAGMA chambers in the Western Great Basin. Final report, 9 June 1982-31 October 1985
This report summarizes efforts made by the Seismological Laboratory toward the detection and delineation of shallow crustal zones in the western Great Basin, and toward the development of methods to accomplish such detection. The work centers around the recently-active volcanic center near Long Valley, California. The work effort is broken down into three tasks: (1) network operations, (2) data analysis and interpretation, and (3) the study of shallow crustal amomalies (magma bodies). Section (1) describes the efforts made to record thousand of earthquakes near the Long Valley caldera, and focusses on the results obtained for the November 1984 round Valley earthquake. Section (2) describes the major effort of this contract, which was to quantify the large volume of seismic data being recorded as it pertains to the goals of this contract. Efforts described herein include (1) analysis of earthquake focal mechanisms, and (2) the classification, categorization, and interpretation of unusual seismic phases in terms of reflections and refractions from shallow-crustal anomalous zones. Section (3) summarizes the status of our research to date on the locations of magma bodies, with particular emphasis on a location corresponding to the map location of the south end of Hilton Creek fault. Five lines of independent evidence suggest that magma might be associated with this spot. Finally, new evidence on the large magma bodies within the Long Valley caldera, of interest to the DOE deep drilling project, is presented.
Peppin, W.A.
Report of the workshop Great Lakes climate change impacts: Implications for environmental restoration. Held in Boulder, Colorado on April 28-29, 1992
The broad objective of the one and a half day workshop was to provide a forum for interactive discussions and exchange of information among three distinct communities with a shared interest in the Great Lakes basin, but which have little occasion for direct communication. The three communities represented at the workshop were: (1) climate modeling researchers; (2) climate impacts researchers; and (3) individuals involved in the development of long-term environmental policy for the Great Lakes region-more specifically, those participating in the development of Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) for designated Areas of Concern (AOCs).
Mearns, L.O.; Rhodes, S.L.
Structural and functional diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities following woody plant encroachment in the southern Great Plains
In the southern Great Plains (USA), encroachment of grassland ecosystems by Prosopis glandulosa (honey mesquite) is widespread. Mesquite encroachment alters net primary productivity, enhances stores of C and N in plants and soil, and leads to increased levels of soil microbial biomass and activity. While mesquite's impact on the biogeochemistry of the region is well established, it effects on soil microbial diversity and function are unknown. In this study, soils associated with four plant types (C{sub 3} perennial grasses, C{sub 4} midgrasses, C{sub 4} shortgrasses, and mesquite) from a mesquite-encroached mixed grass prairie were surveyed to in an attempt to characterize the structure, diversity, and functional capacity of their soil microbial communities. rRNA gene cloning and sequencing were used in conjunction with the GeoChip functional gene array to evaluate these potential differences. Mesquite soil supported increased bacterial and fungal diversity and harbored a distinct fungal community relative to other plant types. Despite differences in composition and diversity, few significant differences were detected with respect to the potential functional capacity of the soil microbial communities. These results may suggest that a high level of functional redundancy exists within the bacterial portion of the soil communities; however, given the bias of the GeoChip toward bacterial functional genes, potential functional differences among soil fungi could not be addressed. The results of this study illustrate the linkages shared between above- and belowground communities and demonstrate that soil microbial communities, and in particular soil fungi, may be altered by the process of woody plant encroachment.
Hollister, Emily B [ORNL; Schadt, Christopher Warren [ORNL; Palumbo, Anthony Vito [ORNL; Ansley, R J [Texas A& M University; Boutton, Thomas W [Texas A& M University
Appraisal of the tight sands potential of the Sand Wash and Great Divide Basins. Final report, June 1989--June 1991
The volume of future tight gas reserve additions is difficult to estimate because of uncertainties in the characterization and extent of the resource and the performance and cost-effectiveness of stimulation and production technologies. Ongoing R&D by industry and government aims to reduce the risks and costs of producing these tight resources, increase the certainty of knowledge of their geologic characteristics and extent, and increase the efficiency of production technologies. Some basins expected to contain large volumes of tight gas are being evaluated as to their potential contribution to domestic gas supplies. This report describes the results of one such appraisal. This analysis addresses the tight portions of the Eastern Greater Green River Basin (Sand Wash and Great Divide Subbasins in Northwestern Colorado and Southwestern Wyoming, respectively), with respect to estimated gas-in-place, technical recovery, and potential reserves. Geological data were compiled from public and proprietary sources. The study estimated gas-in-place in significant (greater than 10 feet net sand thickness) tight sand intervals for six distinct vertical and 21 areal units of analysis. These units of analysis represent tight gas potential outside current areas of development. For each unit of analysis, a ``typical`` well was modeled to represent the costs, recovery and economics of near-term drilling prospects in that unit. Technically recoverable gas was calculated using reservoir properties and assumptions about current formation evaluation and extraction technology performance. Basin-specific capital and operating costs were incorporated along with taxes, royalties and current regulations to estimate the minimum required wellhead gas price required to make the typical well in each of unit of analysis economic.
Task 50 - deposition of lignites in the Fort Union Group and related strata of the northern Great Plains
Late Cretaceous, Paleocene, and early Eocene geologic and paleontologic studies were undertaken in western North Dakota, eastern and south-central Montana, and northwestern and northeastern Wyoming. These study areas comprise the Williston, Bighorn, and Powder River Basins, all of which contain significant lignite resources. Research was undertaken in these basins because they have the best geologic sections and fossil record for the development of a chronostratigraphic (time-rock) framework for the correlation of lignite beds and other economic resources. A thorough understanding of the precise geologic age of the deposition of sediments permits a powerful means of interpreting the record of geologic events across the northern Great Plains. Such an understanding allows for rigorous interpretation of paleoenviromnents and estimates of resource potential and quality in this area of economically significant deposits. This work is part of ongoing research to document change in the composition of molluscan fossil faunas to provide a paleoenvironmentally sensitive independent means of interpreting time intervals of brief duration during the Late Cretaceous, Paleocene, and Eocene. This study focuses on the record of mollusks and, to a lesser extent, mammals in the (1) Hell Creek-Tullock Formations, which include the Cretaceous-Paleocene boundary, in the western portion of the Williston Basin, Montana; (2) uppermost Cretaceous, Paleocene, and lowermost Eocene strata in western North Dakota, which -includes the last interior seaway in North Dakota; (3) upper Paleocene and lowermost Eocene of the northern portion of the Bighorn Basin of south-central Montana and northwestern Wyoming; and (4) Powder River Basin of northeastern Wyoming and southeastern Montana. The geologic record provides different physical and paleontological information to aid in interpreting the geologic record through the study interval.
Hartman, J.H.; Roth, B.; Kihm, A.J.
The Role of Ice Cover in Heavy Lake-Effect Snowstorms over the Great Lakes Basin as Simulated by RegCM4
A 20-km regional climate model, the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model version 4 (ICTP RegCM4), is employed to investigate heavy lake-effect snowfall (HLES) over the Great Lakes Basin and the role of ...
Steve Vavrus; Michael Notaro; Azar Zarrin
Modeling the Atmospheric Response to Irrigation in the Great Plains. Part II: The Precipitation of Irrigated Water and Changes in Precipitation Recycling
The rapid expansion of irrigation in the Great Plains since World War II has resulted in significant water table declines, threatening the long-term sustainability of the Ogallala Aquifer. As discussed in Part I of this paper, the Weather Research ...
A Climatology of Ocean–Atmosphere Heat Flux Estimates over the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea: Implications for Recent Mass Coral Bleaching Events
A regional-scale estimate of the surface heat budget of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea (10°–26°S, 142°–155°E) has been developed for the period 1995–2005 in the hope of understanding the trends of sea surface temperatures and the surface ...
Evan Weller; Manuel Nunez; Gar