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US 5285136 A Abstract An automatic door operator with a continuously monitored supplemental obstruction detector. In a first embodiment, the obstruction detector is a radiant beam obstruction detector that transmits a beam of modulated radiant energy across the door opening. A safety signal generator produces an active safety signal only on unobstructed receipt of radiant energy by a receiver. Failure to receive the active safety signal when the motor is closing the door at least stops the door. A two wire cable, which carries both power and the active safety signal, connects the supplemental obstruction detector to the automatic door operator. Constant activation of a portable transmitter or of a local push button can override the supplemental obstruction detector to close the door. An alternative supplemental obstruction detector includes a safety edge having a compressible tube disposed on a leading end of the door. Plural conductors change their conductive state upon compression of the compressible tube. An oscillator sealed within the tube at one end supplies the safety signal. This embodiment may include a delay upon detection of compression of the compressible tube so that contact with the floor is not detected as an obstruction.
Claims(12) 1. In an automatic door operator having a motor coupled for moving a door between an open and a closed position covering an opening in response to command signals and for reacting to a door obstruction, the improvement comprising:
an obstruction sensor attached to the leading edge of the door, the obstruction sensor comprising a compressible element having first and second ends and at least a pair of conductors extending between the first and second ends, the conductors having a conducive relationship subject to change in response to compression of the compressible element by an obstruction; a controller controlling operation of the motor corresponding to the command signals; an electrical coupling between the controller and at least one of the conductors at the first end of the obstruction sensor for supplying electrical power to the conductors; an oscillator coupled to the conductors at the second end of the obstruction sensor for receiving power from the conductors in the absence of the obstruction and for imparting an oscillating signal to the conductors, whereby the oscillating signal is fed by the electrical coupling to the controller in the absence of the obstruction and the oscillating signal is no fed to the controller when the conducive relationship is changed in response to compression of the compressible element by the obstruction; the controller being responsive to the oscillating signal for responding to the command signals during the presence of the oscillating signal and for at least stopping the motor to stop the door in the absence of the oscillating signal when the motor is closing the door. 2. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein the oscillator is fixed relative to the door for movement therewith.
3. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein the oscillator is mounted within the obstruction sensor at the second end thereof.
4. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein in the absence of the obstruction the conductors are in non-conductive relationship and the controller applied a voltage across the conductors, and the oscillator includes means for periodically connecting the conductors to modulate the applied voltage.
5. The invention as defined in claim 4 wherein the controller includes means for sensing the modulation of the applied voltage and the variance of the modulation from a prescribed condition.
6. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein the controller includes a microprocessor responsive to the oscillating signal and a signal conditioning means for supplying power to the conductors via the electrical coupling and for supplying a conditioned oscillating signal to the microprocessor when the oscillating signal is present.
7. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein the obstruction sensor comprises a tube sealed at the first and second ends and the oscillator is sealed within the tube.
8. The invention as defined in claim 7 wherein the electrical coupling includes a pair of terminal conductors extending through the tube proximate the first end and connected to the conductors at the first end.
9. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein the conductors comprise two conductors normally spaced when the compressible element is not compressed and arranged to make contact when the compressible element is compressed.
10. An obstruction sensor for a door edge for use in an automatic door system comprising:
a compressible tube having first and second ends and sealed at both ends, the tube being subject to compression upon contact with an obstruction; means for attaching the tube to a door edge; conductor means sealed within the tube and extending between the first and second ends; the conductor means comprising at least two conductors normally spaced when the tube is not compressed and arranged to make contact when the tube is compressed; terminal conductors connected to the conductor means and extending through a wall of the tube proximate the first end for energizing the conductor means; and an active modulator sealed within the tube at the second end and electrically connected to the conductor means for generating a signal when the conductor means is energized and the tube is not compressed. 11. The invention as defined in claim 10 wherein the active modulator comprises an oscillator for generating an oscillating signal.
12. The invention as defined in claim 10 wherein the active modulator comprises an oscillator for periodically connecting the two conductors such that when a voltage is applied across the terminal conductors the voltage is periodically reduced to form an oscillating signal on the terminal conductors.
Description This application is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 07/750,102, filed Aug. 26, 1991, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,191,268. The technical field of the present invention is that of obstruction detectors for automatic door operators such as used for garage doors. In particular, this invention is in obstruction detectors which supplement the prior art primary obstruction detector. The present invention is in automatic door operators such as used in garage doors. Such automatic door operators typically employ a motor to move the door between an opened and a closed position in response to control signals. A wall mounted push button and a portable radio frequency transmitter are generally provided to generate these control signals. It has been known for many years that such automatic garage door operators need some form of obstruction detection. Obstruction detection prevents personal injury or property damage caused by the controlled door closing on something. Obstruction detection also prevents damage to the door and the various driving components that would result from operation against an obstacle. This invention is in automatic door operators. Such automatic door operators have a motor coupled for moving a door between an open position and a closed position covering an opening, and a controller controlling operation of the motor corresponding to command signals. The present invention is a continuously monitored obstruction detector. In a first embodiment, the obstruction detector is a radiant beam obstruction detector. The radiant beam obstruction detector includes a transmitter for transmitting a beam of radiant energy across the opening and a receiver for receiving radiant energy. The radiant signal is preferably modulated at the transmitter and demodulated at the receiver to insure the received signal is the transmitted signal. A level sensing inhibits generation of the safety signal if the magnitude of radiant energy received by said receiver exceeds a predetermined amount. This is to filter out extraneous signals of the same type as the transmitted radiant signal. A safety signal generator produces an active safety signal upon unobstructed receipt of radiant energy by the receiver and does not generate this active safety signal upon failure to receive this radiant energy. The controller of the automatic door operator is connected to the radiant beam obstruction detector and operates to at least stop the motor to stop movement of the door upon failure to receive the active safety signal when the motor is closing the door. The radiant beam obstruction detector includes a lamp providing a visual indication of whether the receiver receives an unobstructed signal. The obstruction detector may further include an annunciator that sounds upon failure of unobstructed receipt of radiant energy by said receiver. This radiant beam obstruction detector preferably requires electrical connection at only one side of the opening. This is achieved by disposing the transmitter and receiver in a housing on a first side of the opening. The transmitter directs the radiant beam to a reflector on the other side of the opening. This reflector reflects the radiant beam to the receiver for detection. The present invention preferably includes a two wire cable connecting the supplemental obstruction detector to the controller of the automatic door operator. The controller supplies power for operation of the supplemental obstruction detector via these two wires. The supplemental obstruction detector signals the controller via the same two wire cable. A safety signal generator transmits an active safety signal by repetitively shorting the two wires at a predetermined rate. This predetermined rate is preferably less than 100 Hz and may be in the range between 33 Hz and 50 Hz. This pulse rate minimizes production of radio frequency interference. The failure to detect this active safety signal is interpreted as an obstruction. An open or short of the two wires is detected as a system failure or obstruction. Note that the supplemental obstruction detector is employed only for closing the door. When opening the door the signal from the supplemental obstruction detector is ignored. The controller includes a provision to override the obstruction signal to close the door. Constant activation of the portable transmitter or constant depression of the local push button overrides the obstruction detector. In an alternative embodiment, only constant depression of the local push button will override the obstruction detector permitting closure of the door. A compressible obstruction detector is proposed as an alternative to the radiant beam obstruction detector. This compressible obstruction detector, also known as a safety edge, includes a compressible tube disposed on a leading end of the door. Such safety edges are available in both normally open, normally closed varieties as well as a hybrid variety with both normally open and normally closed contacts. These safety edges come in varieties having 2, 3 or four conductors. A safety signal generator connected to these conductors generates an active safety signal supplied to the controller when the state of the conductors indicates no obstruction has been encountered. The controller operates the same way as previously described, at least stopping the motor to stop movement of the door upon failure to receive the active safety signal. In a preferred embodiment, external conductors coupled to the controller are connected to one end of the safety edge and an oscillator is sealed within the safety edge at the other end thereof. The oscillator is powered by the conductors in the safety edge and generates the safety signal which is carried to the controller to verify operability of the safety edge. These and other objects and aspects of the present invention will become clear from the following description of the invention, in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the preferred embodiment of this invention; FIG. 2 is a timing diagram illustrating examples of various signals in the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an alternative embodiment of this invention employing a safety edge; FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an automatic door operator with a door edge obstruction sensor according to the invention; FIG. 5 is an electrical schematic diagram of the system of FIG. 4; FIGS. 6A and 6B are illustrations of square wave signals developed in different parts of the system of FIG. 5; FIG. 7 is a partial isometric view of a physical embodiment of the door edge sensor of FIG. 4; and FIG. 8 is a cross section of a door edge obstruction sensor taken along line 8--8 of FIG. 7. FIG. 1 illustrates in block diagram form the major components this invention as used in a residential garage door operator. These components include a transmitter 10, a receiver/operator 20 and a supplemental obstruction detector 40. The typical system would include a single receiver/operator 20 with a corresponding supplemental obstruction detector 40 and one or more transmitters 10. FIG. 1 illustrates a single transmitter 10 for the sake of brevity. Transmitter 10 includes a transmitter identity code setting device 11, an encoder/modulator 12, a momentary contact push button switch 13, a radio frequency transmitter 14 and an antenna 15. The user operates transmitter 10 by pressing push button switch 13. Encoder/modulator 12 reads the identity code set by transmitter identity code setting device 11 upon operation of push button switch 13. Encoder/modulator 12 then activates transmitter 14 to produce a radio frequency signal on a fixed frequency. Encoder/modulator 12 also modulates the transmission of transmitter 14 with the transmitter identity code. Transmitter 14 radiates this modulated radio frequency signal via antenna 15. According to one technique known in the art, transmitter identity code setting device 11 is a set of manually operable switches. Each switch has two positions for selection of a digital "1" or "0" for the corresponding bit of the code. It is known in the art to provide the set of switches in a dual in line package. This package is of the same type used to house integrated circuits and is readily mounted on a printed circuit board. It is also known in the art to provide such a code setting device with 10 switches permitting the setting of one of 210 or 1024 possible codes. Receiver/operator 20 operates the garage door via a motor 27 according to radio frequency signals received from a transmitter 10 and other input signals. Radio frequency signals received by antenna 21 are coupled to receiver 22. Demodulator 23 demodulates any identity code modulated on the received radio frequency signal. Demodulator 22 also supplies this demodulated identity code to microcontroller 25. Microcontroller 25 determines if the demodulated identity code matches the receiver identity code set by receiver identity code setting device 24. Receiver identity code setting device 24 is preferably a set of switches disposed in a dual in line package of the same type as transmitter identity code setting device 11. Microcontroller 25 operates motor controller 26 upon receipt of a demodulated identity code from demodulator 23 which matches the identity code set by receiver identity code setting device 24. Motor controller 26 in turn controls motor 27 for movement of the garage door. Motor 26 is mechanically coupled to the door in a manner known in the art. It is known in the art to operate the door in a circular four phase sequence to 1) open the door, 2) stop, 3) close the door, and 4) stop upon each receipt of a properly encoded radio frequency signal. Open and close limit detectors 28 signal microcontroller 25 to stop motor operation upon reaching the fully closed and the fully opened positions in a manner known in the art. It is also known in the art to provide momentary contact push button switch 29 directly coupled to microcontroller 25. Microcontroller 25 controls the garage door in response to activation of push button 29 in a manner similar to operation upon receipt of a properly coded radio frequency signal. Microcontroller 25 is preferably embodied in a microprocessor circuit having read/write random access memory and a control program fixed in read only memory. The provision of a multibit signal encoded in the radio frequency transmissions serves a security function. This insures that receiver/operator 20 is not responsive to every radio frequency transmission but only to those properly encoded. Transmission of the properly encoded signal is analogous to selection of the proper key for operating a lock. Provision of identity code setting devices 11 and 24 as manually operable switches permits the user to control the code used. Generally identity code setting devices 11 and 24 may be accessed only by opening door or removing a panel. The user may at any time select an arbitrary one of the 1024 feasible codes at receiver/operator 20 by changing the switches in receiver identity code setting device 24. A similar change made in transmitter identity code setting device 11 in each of the transmitter units 10 permits these units to control to door. Note that this description is by way of example only and that there are other methods for selecting and entering the identity codes known in the art. Receiver/operator 20 includes an obstruction detector 30. It should be clear that a mechanically operated door poses a hazard to person and property under certain conditions. Children are particularly at risk because they might carelessly play with the automatic garage door operator. Thus automatic garage door operators generally include some form of obstruction detection. FIG. 1 illustrates this in the form of obstruction detector 30. An obstruction detection technique known in the art uses the tension of the drive train. Generally motor 27 is coupled to the door via a chain or screw drive. A switch is mechanically coupled to the drive train. This switch is normally closed but is opened when the drive train tension exceeds a predetermined amount. Microcontroller 25 detects the state of this switch and aborts the door operation when it trips. Typically microcontroller 25 stops the door upon detection of an obstruction while opening and stops the door and reverses to the fully open position upon detection of an obstruction while closing. It is increasingly being realized that this type of obstruction detection is insufficiently sensitive to prevent all possible injuries. There are state regulatory authorities proposing regulations requiring additional obstruction detectors. One on the types of additional obstruction detectors under consideration is radiant obstruction detectors. A radiant beam, generally infrared or visible light, is projected across the lower portion of the opening of the controlled door. Interruption of the radiant beam is interpreted as detection of an obstruction and the automatic door operator takes appropriate remedial action. A second type of additional obstruction detector is a pressure sensitive strip disposed on the leading edge of the controlled door. These pressure sensitive strips are known as safety edges. Detection of pressure on this pressure sensitive strip indicates an obstruction. Note that these additional obstruction detectors generally operate only while closing the door. Since door closing is known to the most dangerous operation of automatic garage doors, this limitation does not severely restrict the utility of these additional obstruction detectors. FIG. 1 also illustrates supplemental obstruction detector 40. Certain parts of receiver/operator 20 cooperate with supplemental obstruction detector 40 to control door operation. Receiver/operator 20 is coupled to supplemental obstruction detector 40 via wires 33. Wires 33 preferably comprise a twisted pair of wires. Receiver/operator 20 supplies electric power to supplemental obstruction detector 40 via wires 33. Power supply 32 couples a supply voltage +Vs across wires 33. Power supply 41, located in supplemental obstruction detector 40, extracts the electric power from wires 33 and produces an operating voltage +Vd for use by the powered components of supplemental obstruction detector 40. The active safety signal from switcher circuit 48 is detected by analog signal conditioner 31. Supplemental obstruction detector 40 includes a transmitter 42 for transmission of a radiant beam. Transmitter 42 preferably generates infrared light. Other forms of radiant energy, such as visible light and ultrasound are also feasible. Modulator 43 modulates the transmission of transmitter 42. The manner of this modulation and the reason for employing modulation will be explained below. The radiant energy produced by transmitter 42 is directed across opening 5. Opening 5 is the opening corresponding to the garage door. A reflector 44 disposed at the far side of opening 5 reflects this radiant beam. At least some of the reflected radiant energy reaches receiver 45. This reflection technique, which is known in the art, is used for several reasons. Electric power and signal lines need only be routed to one side of opening 5 because reflector 44 is completely passive. This saves installation labor and expense. This technique also reduces the effort required to align transmitter 42 and receiver 45. Transmitter 42 and receiver 45 may be manufactured in a pre-aligned package. Reflector 44 retroreflects the radiant beam from a range of angles. This can be accomplished using corner reflectors. Thus proper alignment only requires alignment of the combined transmitter/receiver toward reflector 44, while reflector 44 may be in a range of orientations. Receiver 45 detects the radiant beam reflected by reflector 44. This radiant beam has a modulation imparted by modulator 43. Demodulator 46 detects the modulation imparted on the radiant beam by modulator 43. If the radiant beam received by receiver 45 includes this modulation, then demodulator 46 signals microcontroller 47 that the radiant beam is not interrupted. This modulation on the radiant beam serves to distinguish the proper signal from any other signals that may be received by receiver 45. When using infrared light, for example, receiver 45 may give a false positive signal in the presence of direct or reflected sunlight. Microcontroller 47 employs the signal from demodulator 46 to control signaling receiver/operator 20 via switcher 48, actuation of annunciator 49 and illumination of lamp 50. The detection of a properly modulated signal by demodulator 46 indicates that the opening 5 is unobstructed. Microcontroller 47 preferably controls switcher 48 to produce an active safety signal when opening 5 is unobstructed. This provides a fail safe mechanism if some fault in wires 33 between receiver/operator 20 and supplemental obstruction detector 40. This active safety signal produced by switcher circuit 48 is detected by analog signal conditioner 31. Analog signal conditioner 31 preferably employs a level sensor which detects when the signal exceeds a threshold. This threshold is set between ground and the voltage Vs produced by power supply 32. It is envisioned that the voltage Vs produced by power supply 32 is 5 volts and that the threshold of analog signal conditioner 31 is set at 4 volts. Analog signal conditioner 31 produces a switching signal only when the active safety signal regularly crosses the threshold of the level sensor. Microcontroller 25 is programmed to expect this switching signal and to indicate an obstruction or some system fault upon failure to detect this switching signal. Receiver 45 additionally detects the received radiant signal level. If this received radiant signal level exceeds a predetermined level, then receiver 45 generates an overlevel signal. The predetermined level is set above the maximum expected received radiant signal level for the smallest opening 5. Microcontroller 47 controls switcher circuit 48 to stop generation of the active safety signal upon receipt of the overlevel signal from receiver 45. This received overlevel signal is an indication of some fault in supplemental obstruction detector 40 and receiver/operator 40 takes the same remedial action as if an obstruction has been detected. FIGS. 2a to 2d illustrate various signals useful in understanding the operation of the supplemental obstruction detection system of this invention. FIG. 2a shows an example of a received and demodulated signal from demodulator 46. Modulator 43 modulates transmitter 42 to produce radiant energy in pulses. These pulses are received and detected by receiver 45 and demodulator 46 in the form of pulses 60. Each transmitted pulse may also include additional modulation imparted by modulator 43 that has been demodulated by demodulator 46. Transmission of pulses at a relatively low duty cycle is preferred to reduce the consumption of electric power within supplemental obstruction detector 40. FIG. 2a illustrates pulses 60 occurring at regular repetitive intervals. As noted above these pulses 60 correspond to pulses of radiant energy produced by transmitter 42. At 61 a pulse is missing, indicating interruption of the radiant beam. Microcontroller 47 controls switcher circuit 48 to signal receiver/operator 20 via wires 33. Normally switcher circuit 48 produces a square wave signal such as illustrated in FIG. 2b. Each pulse 70 corresponds to a received pulse 60. Note missing pulse 71 corresponding to missing pulse 61. Supplemental obstruction detection system need not operate on the one to one ratio of pulses as illustrated in FIGS. 2a and 2b. Because of the length of wires 33, the pulse rate transmitted via these wires should be relatively to minimize radio frequency interference generation. A pulse repetition rate of less than 100 Hz and preferably between 33 and 50 Hz would provide sufficiently low radio frequency interference generation for most installations. On the other hand, transmitter 42 may operate at a higher rate. The repetition rate of transmitter 42 is related to the shortest duration obstruction that needs to be detected. Accordingly, microcontroller 47 may be programmed to receive pulses at a first rate and control switcher circuit 48 to operate at a lower pulse repetition rate. FIG. 2c illustrates pulses 62, which occur at a rate four times faster than pulses 70. During interval 63 the pulses are missing. This indicates that the radiant beam has been interrupted. Accordingly, microcontroller 47 controls switcher circuit 48 to produce the same output as illustrated in FIG. 2b as in the prior example. Microcontroller 47 can be made more sensitive when transmitter 42 operates at a higher rate than switcher circuit 48. FIG. 2d shows pulses 62 with a single missing pulse at 63. Microcontroller 47 is responsive to the single missing pulse, indicating momentary interruption of the radiant beam, to omit one pulse 71 as illustrated in FIG. 2b. Alternatively, microcontroller 47 may require more than one missing transmission before omitting one pulse 71. By this means, receiver/operator 20 may be responsive to momentary interruption of the radiant beam that is shorter in time than the pulse period of pulses 70. Supplemental obstruction detector 40 may include annunciator 49 that is used to signal the user. Annunciator 49 audibly signals when microcontroller 47 detects interruption of the radiant beam. Preferably microcontroller 25 activates annunciator 49 only when the interruption of the radiant beam is longer a predetermined period of time. This predetermined period of time should be about five seconds. Thereafter annunciator 49 may continuously sound or may be pulsed. This audible alarm serves to alert the user only if the door is obstructed for longer than the predetermined period of time. Thus the user is not annoyed by momentary interruptions of the radiant beam, such as persons passing in and out of the open garage door. Lamp 50 aids in initial alignment of supplemental obstruction detector 40. Lamp 50 preferably operates in one of two alternate modes. In the first mode, lamp 50 blinks upon application of electric power to supplemental obstruction detector 40 when the radiant beam is interrupted and is continuously on when the radiant beam is not interrupted. Thus the operator can view lamp 50 from either the location of transmitter 42 and receiver 45 or from the location of reflector 44 to determine if the radiant beam has been properly aligned during installation of supplemental obstruction detector 40. This can be particularly useful when installing reflector 44. In the alternative mode, the roles of blinking and constant illumination of lamp 50 are reversed. Thus lamp 50 is continuously on upon application of electric power to supplemental obstruction detector 40 when the radiant beam is interrupted and blinks when the radiant beam is not interrupted. As a further alternative, lamp 50 remains off when receiver 45 does not receive the radiant signal and blinks when receiver 45 receives the radiant signal. In any case the installer can determine when the supplemental obstruction detector 40 is properly installed by observing lamp 50. In this regard it is preferable that microcontroller 47 not activate annunciator 49 except upon interruption of the radiant beam, that is, only after proper reception of the radiant beam followed by failure of reception. This prevents annoying activation of annunciator 49 until after alignment of the radiant beam. Receiver/operator 20 preferably includes some manner of closing the door even after failure of supplemental obstruction detector 40. This would permit use of the controlled door during the interval between failure of supplemental obstruction detector 40 and its repair. In the preferred embodiment the door can be closed by constant operation of transmitter 10 via push button 13 or by constant operation of push button 29, even if supplemental obstruction detector 40 fails to generate the active safety signal. This requirement of constant operation, requiring constant operator attention, alerts the operator to take special care in observing the door operation to look out for obstructions. In an alternative embodiment of this feature, the door may be closed only upon constant operation of push button switch 29 and not by constant operation of push button 13. This serves to further emphasize to the user the need for caution. The supplemental obstruction detector shown in FIG. 1 and described above is not without problems. With some types of doors an obstruction may be located in a position not protected by the radiant signal. This is particularly true of one piece doors which tend to swing well outside of the door threshold when closing. A supplemental obstruction detector that attaches to the leading edge of the door is better suited to these doors. Obstruction detectors of this type are known in the art. These safety edges may be constructed to operate in a normally open mode or in a normally closed mode. A safety edge constructed to be normally open typically includes a pair of conductors disposed in a resilient tube. Normally this pair of conductors are electrically isolated. When the safety edge meets an obstruction, the resilient tube collapses causing the pair of conductors to electrically contact. Normally closed safety edges operate in a similar fashion except that the pair of conductors are normally connected electrically and are electrically isolated upon contact with an obstruction. In either case the change in conductive condition indicates contact with an obstruction. It is also known in the art to provide a hybrid safety edge with a combination of normally open and normally closed conductors with either three conductors, where a common conductor is user in both the normally open and the normally closed circuits, or four conductors, where the normally open and normally closed circuits are separate. These safety edges have heretofore not been employed with an active safety signal. FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the supplemental obstruction detector employing a normally open safety edge. Supplemental obstruction detector 90 is employed with the known safety edge 80. Safety edge 80 is disposed on the leading edge of the door. Safety edge 80 includes a resilient tube having conductors 81 and 82. When safety edge 80 meets an obstruction, this tube collapses causing conductors 81 and 82 to electrically contact. Supplemental obstruction detector 90 is electrically connected to the far end of safety edge 80. Power supply 91 receives power from conductors 81 and 82 to power clock circuit 92 and switcher 93. Clock circuit 92 controls switcher 93 to produce the cycling signal illustrated in FIG. 2b. Receiver/operator 20 receives this signal via analog signal conditioner 31 and employs it in the same manner as previously described. A cycling signal indicates a properly operating obstruction detector that has not detected an obstruction. A non-cycling signal indicates detection of an obstruction or the existence of a fault. When safety edge 80 encounters and obstacle, this shorts the supply of electric power to supplemental obstruction detector 90 and also shorts the transmission of the active control signal, thus indicating an obstruction to the receiver/operator 20. In FIG. 4, a safety edge 100 is attached to the leading edge or bottom edge of a garage door 102. The safety edge 100 comprises a compressible tube 104 and a two normally open conductors 106 and 108 connected at one end of the tube 104 to a door operator 110 via terminal conductors 112 and 114. The other ends of the conductors 106 and 108 are connected to a safety signal generator which comprises an active modulator or oscillator 116. The oscillator 116 is fixed relative to the door 102 to move therewith and preferably resides within the compressible tube 104. The door operator 110 supplies electrical power to energize the conductors 106, 108 via the terminal conductors 112 and 114, and to activate the oscillator which imposes a safety signal on those conductors. If the safety signal reaches the door operator, it signifies that the safety edge is operating normally and there is no obstruction. In the case of obstruction, however, the signal will be interrupted and the operator will stop the door, if it is closing, and may reverse the door movement as well. The circuit of FIG. 5 further elaborates on the FIG. 4 arrangement. The door operator comprises a microcontroller 120 which actuates the motor 122 for opening and closing the door 102. A power supply 124 furnishes 5 volt power to the microcontroller and unregulated power ranging from 15 to 28 volts to a signal conditioner 126. The conductors 106, 108, 112, and 114 connect the signal conditioner to the oscillator 116. The signal conditioner serves two functions: supplying unregulated power to the oscillator, and conditioning the modulated signal from the oscillator for input to the microcontroller 120. The terminal conductor 112 is shown to be grounded; this is effected by the signal conditioner 126. The oscillator 116 may take any of many well-known forms. For example, it can be a 555 timer 127 set to oscillate at a fixed frequency and a 50% duty cycle, and a transistor switch 128 controlled by the timer for cyclically connecting the conductors 106 and 108. The resulting signal is a square wave voltage, as shown in FIG. 6A, which alternates between the unregulated voltage and a value near ground. The signal conditioner 126 converts the unregulated square wave to a 5 volt square wave, shown in FIG. 6B, for input to the microcontroller, provided the proper voltage swing appears on terminal conductor 114. The signal conditioner compares the low voltage on conductor 114 to 1 volt and the high voltage to 8 volts. If the low voltage is more than 1 volt or the high voltage is less than 8 volts, the signal is considered to be corrupted and no square is fed to the microcontroller, to indicate that an obstruction is detected or the safety edge or a conductor is defective. The microcontroller 120 monitors the frequency of the 5 volt square wave for an additional check on system integrity. Where a door operator is furnished with either a safety edge or a light beam type obstruction detector, it is advantageous to employ the same type of modulation for both types so that the same signal conditioner can be used and it will process the signals from either type of detector in the same way. A physical embodiment of a safety edge is illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8. The tube 104 comprises several longitudinally extending closed cells defined by outer walls 130 and inner webs 132 which lend structural integrity to the edge while allowing compression when pushed from the lower surface 134. A flat upper wall 136 seats against the bottom of the garage door 102 and a stiff upwardly extending flange 138 allows attachment to the door. Both ends 140 of the tube is sealed. Lower depending flexible flanges 142 contact the floor and conform to floor contours when the door is closed. Within one of the longitudinal cells, the conductors 106 and 108 reside in the form of flexible flat metal strips separated by a low density foam spacer 144. The spacer prevents contact of the strips until pressure is applied via the lower surface 134. The conductors 106 and 108 join the conductors 112, 114 within the tube near one end thereof and the latter pass through the wall 130 of the tube 104. It will thus be seen that a safety edge for a door of the compressible tube type advantageously includes an active modulator mounted on the door and coupled to the conductors of the safety edge. It is particularly advantageous to mount such a modulator within the compressible tube and sealed therein for protection from the elements, the modulator being mounted at one end of the tube and external terminal wires connected at the other end of the tube. Patent Citations
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subset: commoncrawl


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The last entry in the #DeviTerraceTuesday series before Terrace and Devi drop The SEX EP next week, Terrace brings the Taylor Gang general out West with this smooth cut.
DOWNLOAD: Terrace Martin – Go Get It f. Wiz Khalifa, Ty$ & Neka B | Mediafire
Posted in Downloads, Hip Hop | Tags: devi dev, neka b, terrace martin, ty dolla sign, wiz khalifa
This shit is nice wit it.
this kid is a dope producer but wiz bullshitted on his verse
this sound like some old wiz. smooth as track. drop top music.
#DeviTerraceTuesday never lets me down
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text:
Academies don't expect much change from DADT end
ANNAPOLIS, Md. (AP) — They were young children? mere kids 18 years ago when the ban on gays serving openly in the military took effect.
But over two decades, attitudes shifted, America changed and these youngsters grew up, winning coveted spots to study in the top military academies. Now they're giving a collective shrug to the end of the "don't ask, don't tell" era.
The nation's military leaders of tomorrow say they have less preoccupation with the sexual orientation of their colleagues than generations before them — and gay students are quietly reporting that a burden is being lifted that had weighed down those of same-sex orientation who went before them through the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, the U.S. Naval Academy and the U.S. Air Force Academy.


text:
What Spins The Wheel
What Spins the Wheel starts off when Milestone Communications President Len Forkas learned that his nine-year-old son Matt had leukemia, he began searching for a way to help him cope with the debilitating loneliness and isolation that occurs during treatment. At a time when webcam technology was still in its infancy, he pioneered a way for his son to connect digitally to his classmates. In 2003, he founded Hopecam, a non-profit dedicated to doing the same for cancer-struck children around the world. Today, Hopecam gives children with cancer iPads, pays for Internet access if needed, then works with the school to establish a regular Skype video chat connection with friends and classmates.
Len's unrelenting dedication to Hopecam's mission compelled him to accept a daunting fundraising challenge. In 2012, he competed in one of the world's toughest endurance events: Race Across America, a 3,000-mile, coast-to-coast solo bicycle race that participants must finish in 12 days. As he fought through the scorch of deserts and the joint-wrenching cold of 11,000-foot mountain elevations, an amazing, all-volunteer crew supported him around the clock. What Spins the Wheel describes Len's harrowing journey and the many valuable lessons he learned about team building, leadership, motivation and tenacity.
Len's story in What Spins the Wheel is one of fatherhood and fortitude, business grit and growth. This memorable read will show you the power of combining the right mission with the right team – and how it can lead to extraordinary results.
Keep updated with What Spins the Wheel here.
In the News


text: Bachelorette Beach Bash View full-size image < previous next > Is this photo a winner? "Custom shirts were ordered for my friend's Bachelorette Party. The group had a great time in Destin, FL and the shirts were fabulous. " - Michelle (Aug 16, 2013) Share this photo on: Twitter Facebook Pinterest Similar Photos: event celebratory | bachelorette | party | beach | ocean | florida Feeling inspired? Visit the CustomInk Design Lab to start your own group order. Design Your Own


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1999 Aston Martin Vantage V600 600BHP/600lbft Twin S/C, 1 of only 4 Genuine Full Spec V600 LHD cost $500,000 New 600BHP/600lbft Torque Legendary Twin... More
1985 Aston Martin Volante in mint condition. Only two owners in its history. Only 352 cars of this "Oscar India" series were ever built.... More
1967 Aston Martin DB6 Volante 1967 UK Supplied, Right Hand Drive: Exterior Scottish Blue Interior Tan Hide (VM 846) Automatic Gearbox & PAS Correct Matching No's Excellent documented history from new Three Previous... More
1964 Aston Martin DB5 1964 UK Supplied, Right Hand Drive: Exterior Sage. Interior Black Hide Both exterior and interior finishes areas per the original manufactured colour specification 5 Speed Gearbox /PAS. Correct... More
Aston Martin DB7 Vantage 38255 km Aston Martin maintained 2000 Aston Martin DB7 Vantage in very good condition, fully dealer maintained, all history available. Car... More
1953 Aston Martin DB2 Drophead Coupe Left Hand Drive: LML/50/369 EU: Registered EU: Taxes Paid Aston Martin's first successful post-war production car was the DB2. It used engineering... More
2000 Aston Martin DB7 Vantage (v12) Volante Convertible, six speed manual, 23,000 original miles. in dash GPS, back up sensors, rare back seat delete package... More
Here is a RARE opportunity to own one of the most Expensive Cars in the World. This 1983 Aston Martin Lagonda is one of... More
1986 Aston Martin V8 Volante Automatic Left Hand Drive: UK Registered: only 13,866 miles from new. 1 of only 47 produced with original European specification. Previous long term... More
Few cars of this era have the charisma, exclusivity and overall performance of the DB6- characteristics that have made it increasing in value year... More
1988 Aston Martin V8 Volante Automatic Left Hand Drive: EU Registration Vantage Features. Nothing can quite prepare you for the first time you come across a V8 Volante! Stunning... More
Pentland Green with Forest Green over Light Ivory leather interior, Forest Green carpeting and Green Mohair convertible top, 44,000 miles from new, Rare 6-speed... More
1955 Aston Martin DB2-4 Mk 1 Vantage Coupe Chassis No: LML948 Engine No: VB6J/466 1 of only 458 Produced: Eligible for Mille Miglia The DB2 production car was first... More
1960 Aston Martin DB4 GT Chassis Number DB4GT/0122/R: One of only 45 RHD cars produced This motorcar is completing a total "body off " restoration by an official... More
This is a 2009 Aston Martin DBS with 10717 original miles. This super car is in excellent condition and comes with a manual transmission.... More


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The cinematic release, Secretariat, looks to be a blockbuster. Movie publicity via both online and offline marketing is an excellent example of brand advocacy.
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text:
Next question:
What's Reddit?
Next question:
What's Reddit?
I knew you were going to ask that. Reddit is a user generated site where links, to videos, pictures, news, etc, are promoted based on how the community like it. For example, if the community thinks an article on x is good they will upvote it, if it is a poor article they will downvote it.
My brother goes to Reddit to see the funny videos/images.
Woah trippy tired
Never do bad things, people.
When I found out you were into CT I flipped my shit. I love CT and it's one of my favorite games ever.
Anyways, I just needed someone to bother with my opinions on shit like 4chords or something.
I don't like parts of Reddit, mostly because of their admins/mods. And of course, the pokémon section is utter cancer, at least it were when I last looked.
Good scientific community though, I'll give them that.
Also, I can't seem to think of any dry facts about my life. Well, I bought this lamp today, and...
No. Just no. They cannot even be compared. Hell, /vp/ is far better than Bulbagarden when it comes to certain things, mostly related to the actual content. People aren't afraid to create new and funny things, and is an excellent place to find interesting pokémon art without searching trough all the crap on other sites, just to mention two things.
On the other hand, r/pokémon was when I last looked just a bunch of guys reposting the same things over and over again. And all the genwunning, my god. Hell, when BW2 were revealed, they barely cared at all.
And to be honest, the only reason I'm at Bulba is because of a select few people.
When I went on vp it was filled with Pokemon hentai and the odd discussion, not my kinda place. I'm not that bothered about B/W 2 that much, hell I found B/W rather underwhelming in some aspects, especially Pokemon design. Not a bad game at all, but I'd rather play Gold or Platinum.
I barely play Pokemon, last time I played was a bit before I joined here. I'm here for the people I've met.
They've cleaned it up now anyways, though it used to be filled with poképorn and the likes. Was much approved.
I think I need to let BW2 sink in before I decide how I'm going to rank it. Especially things like OST and stuff needs to be considered. The regional dex in BW2 was a pretty nice upgrade though, lots of choices.
That said, I'm replaying Black now, and I decided to go with three Grass-mons just for shit and giggles. Venusaur is the setup-sweeper, Whimsicott the staller/annoyer and Ferrothorn ... well, he's just Ferrothorn. Dat Curse + Gyro Ball. Plus, the best feeling when a wild pokémon uses Doubleslap, it hits 5 times, and Ferro has the Rocky Helmet. They kill themselves fast that way.
I'm very bummed out because my best friend's grandmother just died. I wish I could do something to comfort him, but he just lost a family member.
/vp/? I went there in August and September of 2010 and I was there for Garybombing and Tentaquil. One thing I never got about Tentaquil is he doesn't look a thing like Tentacool/Tentacruel or Cyndaquil/Quilava. He looks more like a shiny Politoed to me.


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Members of the Udupi Zilla Krishik Sangha staged a dharna in front of the Mangalore Electricity Supply Company (Mescom) office here on Saturday against frequent disruption in power supply.
Bantakal Ramakrishna Sharma, who addressed the protesters, said the disruption in supply of power was affecting both agricultural and industrial sectors. Students preparing for examinations are also bearing the brunt, he said.
Though the coal-based thermal power plant of Udupi Power Corporation Ltd (UPCL) and the Varahi hydel project were functioning in the district, people were being subjected to inconvenience, he said.
At least 10 per cent of the power generated through the two plants should be reserved for the people of Udupi district, he said.
Urging Mescom to provide three-phase power in rural areas, Mr. Sharma said nearly 95 per cent of Mescom consumers in the district pay their bills on time.
The protestors later submitted a memorandum at the Mescom office.


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anyone else notice how dad bought the only 2 meals he ate that day? i'm not single, i don't have a child, and buying that much pre-cooked food would put me over budget. On top of that his rent that...
Type: Posts; User: headhigh; Keyword(s):
anyone else notice how dad bought the only 2 meals he ate that day? i'm not single, i don't have a child, and buying that much pre-cooked food would put me over budget. On top of that his rent that...
do you have a basement and possibly any popsicles?
matuse tumo 543. feels like a 32 when its on. doesn't absorb water. worth every penny
ganja. yup
great perspective
i dont really give a fvck either way. has little to no effect on my life. BTW this is a a surf forum numbnutz
... If you were aksed to give up your dreams for freedom?!
these threads about other people in other threads are so stupid! the internet is a fascinating place. go somewhere else
are like my lady... fat, long, and with a huge face
...thanks obama
i got mentioned in S.S.'s rant <3 <3 <3 :D yeah i know im a thread late noticing. didn't even know you body-boarded hoss.
shart-stuffer: saying things like "if you're standing i will drop in on...
i have experienced the exact thing you describe. i really only get it on days when im getting tons of waves. after a stoke inducing wave or two i stop commiting the mediocre waves to memory. i use it...
...just when i thought this fourm couldn't get any worse. i think the real bromance is between you and the sound of your keyboard as you type. go outside or something
never in my wildst dreams could i fathom not strapping down a $600+ board. prob not a big deal as your parents paid for it but someday maybe you'll learn the value of a dollar. what do you drive...
wow, a useless thread to comment on a useless thread. wasn't this a surf fourm once?
tl;dr get a life or a therapist. no need for your butt hurt on a SURF fourm. +1 for ban
word. im not out there to make friends. im trying to get my medicine before i gotta do real life stuff.
^^^^this guy knows what is up.
a more permanent solution: detatch one side of luggage rack, slide pad onto bar, reattach luggage rack. repeat for front and rear. cut longer atraps off of soft...
i use "natural orange" air freshner spray to get the last bit of wax residue off the board. its 100% natural, pure orange oil and it melts the wax on contact. that stuff will melt pretty much any...
damn ii cant believe they got asian reporteter trisha takanawa for the dolphin boat vid!!!
always bummed when an aussie wins. i only root for the 'mericans!!
im about to graduate from UNCW. lots of frat guy d-bags but there are also an abundance of hot avalible females if thats what you're into. Being part of the UNC system makes us reputable. Surf is hit...
damn i didnt know we had such astute political scientists on si... lol retards
this useless thread was dug up courtesy of "sponger42", it was his second post..........
btw sponging sux
i like to pack up a fat lip of grizz, grab a couplea bud heavys, and shoot my shotgun @ the full moon while i howl like a cy-ote!!!


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John Wasiliev
Don't waste your time with a zero interest rate loan
PUBLISHED: 04 Jun 2014 00:09:48 | UPDATED: 04 Jun 2014 14:05:08PUBLISHED: 04 Jun 2014 PRINT EDITION: 04 Jun 2014Do-it-yourself super funds and the experts that advise on them who have been asking the Australian Taxation Office for clarity on the issue of whether fund members could not only lend their funds money to make investments but do so on terms more favourable than financial institutions like banks have finally got their answer.
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Schools in Montgomery, NY
About Montgomery Schools
- There are 4 K-12 schools in Montgomery, NY, including 4 public schools. Montgomery public schools belong to one districts, Valley Central School District (Montgomery).
- There are 2 Montgomery elementary schools, 1 Montgomery middle school, 1 Montgomery high school and 7 Montgomery preschool schools.
Contact Education.com with questions or feedback about SchoolFinder.
Please note, if you wish to speak to someone at the school, you must contact the school directly.


text:
French spy writer Gerard de Villiers dies aged 83
French writer Gerard de Villiers, whose thrillers sold more than 100m copies around the world, has died aged 83.
De Villiers died after a long illness, his lawyer said. He had been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in May.
He was the creator of the popular SAS series, with an Austrian hero often seen as France's literary James Bond.
Drawing on his network of intelligence sources around the world, De Villiers was famous for his uncanny knack of anticipating actual events.
'Action and sex'Analysis
The literary world despised de Villiers' novels, with their formulaic melange of action and sex.
But the extraordinary thing was how closely they mirrored - indeed sometimes prophesied - geopolitical reality.
One recent book - The Madmen of Benghazi - dealt with the rise of Islamist extremism in post-Gaddafi's Libya and came out a few months before the killing of the US ambassador there.
Back in 1980, he devised a plot around the assassination of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, who was killed the following year.
The truth is that de Villiers had extremely good connections with French intelligence.
One French foreign minister has even said he read de Villiers' novels before going to a trouble spot in order to find out what French spies thought was happening there.
"The last weeks he was conscious but very weak," de Villiers' wife, Christine, told the AFP news agency.
"It is exactly the death that he did not want," she added.
De Villiers's SAS series became a publishing phenomenon in France, Germany, Russia, Turkey and Japan, the BBC's Hugh Schofield in Paris reports.
The series starred a fiercely anti-Communist Austrian aristocrat called Malko Linge, who worked as a freelance CIA agent.
The SAS initials came from Linge's honorific Son Altesse Serenissime (His Most Serene Highness).
Lurid coversDe Villiers was inspired by Ian Fleming's James Bond but felt that no-one would believe in a French spy hero - so instead created Malko Linge, our correspondent says.
With covers invariably featuring a semi-naked woman with a gun they have been a staple of railway station book shops, selling by the million.
Starting in 1965, de Villiers churned books out at a rate of four a year.
His last and 200th book - SAS: The Kremlin's Revenge - was released last month.
"I never had any pretensions of being a literary writer," the writer admitted in an interview with the AFP last year.
"I consider myself a storyteller who writes to amuse people."


text:
Acer Aspire One Netbook, now slightly cheaper
The already inexpensive Acer Aspire One is now even cheaper.
The already inexpensive
Acer seems to have heard our complaints, and while the company is not actually changing any of the hardware, it is dropping the prices on the different configurations in the line, making it an even better deal. It probably doesn't hurt that there's been a marked increase in competition in this relatively small category lately, and that's even before Dell and Lenovo get into the game.
The new prices and configurations are as follows:
Intel Atom/Linux/512MB RAM/8GB SSD/3-cell battery: $329
Intel Atom/Windows XP/1GB RAM/80GB HDD/3-cell battery: $349
Intel Atom/Windows XP/1GB RAM/160GB HDD/6-cell battery: $399


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Landing at runway 04...
Helicopter line up onboard HMS Illustrious while on a port call to Malta.
XX484 [1280px]
A few moments after getting towed inside the hangar. Nice catch :) 1500 pixels
Having some restoration work done. Preserved at the Tangmere Military Aviation Museum.
'Navy 806' backtracking Runway 13 for the Static display of the Malta International Airshow.


text:
Cisco TelePresence 500 delivers the total collaboration experience
The InfoWorld Test Center gets its hands on Cisco's most affordable suite-oriented telepresence system
Bottom Line
Cisco TelePresence System 500, installed in the private office, is designed for remote one-on-one meetings or for joining larger meetings. It features lifelike, high-definition (720p or 1080p) video from a camera that's positioned for excellent eye contact. The all-in-one unit contains special lighting and is designed for optimal audio quality. System 500 interoperates with other standards-compliant conferencing systems, and includes extras such as video recording. Functions are easily controlled from an IP phone.
More affordable midrange telepresence systems, such as offerings from Polycom and LifeSize systems, offer fine picture and audio quality, along with usability. But in the overall product continuum, Cisco TelePresence System 500 is the most economical system that gives you the full experience of telepresence rooms.
The Cisco TelePresence System 500 I tried out was already installed at a regional office of a large enterprise. This turnkey system -- with monitor, pro-grade video camera, and built-in lighting -- creates much the same immersive experience as Cisco's high-end telepresence systems.
[ Learn more about the lay of the telepresence landscape. | Check out the InfoWorld Test Center's hands-on review of two midrange telepresence systems. ]
Cisco calls the System 500 "personal telepresence" because it's installed in a private office to connect one or two users to other individuals or to a larger group meetings. I tried the 230-pound pedestal-mounted hardware, but it's also available in a 65-pound (without pedestal and codec) configuration for wall mounting or placement on a credenza.
Although the system I used was already installed, initial setup looks to be straightforward. The internal Cisco Gigabit Ethernet switch connects to your network; the same RJ-45 interface supports a Cisco Unified IP Phone 7975G and Ethernet-attached PC. An administrator usually does networking and other configuration work through the Cisco TelePresence administrator Web interface.
Small, but powerful
You might expect the System 500 to take over a small room, but the opposite is true: The unit is a scant 1 foot deep and 3.2 feet wide. Unlike the systems reviewed that have discrete components (and require you to supply a monitor), Cisco's integrates the 37-inch high-definition display, manual-focus HD camera, microphone, speakers, and lighting in a modern-looking appliance.
Windows 7 is suddenly telling users it isn't genuine -- and it has nothing to do with Windows being...
Windows users are reporting significant problems with four more October Black Tuesday patches
The larger design is very welcome, but there's much more to the iPhone 6 than a bigger screen
Sponsored by Rackspace
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Google's Android for Work promises serious security -- see how it stacks up against Apple's iOS and the...
Conspiracy theories tend to have one trait in common: They can't be proven. That goes for BadBIOS,...
At Mobile World Congress, Microsoft urges developers toward Windows universal apps that can be written...
Five years ago, Hadoop came roaring into the mainstream as the solutions to all big data problems. Now...


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Share your reviews,
photos and videos here!
Involvement:Expert (understands the inner workings) - Ownership:more than 1 month
Pros:- This saves so much time and it's so damn easy to use
- The quality is superb for the price you are paying
- Put in the herb, roll - roll, put in the rollie, roll - roll, done!
- Looks like a CIGARETTE :)
- Friends will be amazed at your rolling skills!
- Sometimes the herbs come out and it's annoying to put it back again to roll
- Sometimes the herb sticks while you are rolling but that's the pro of the herb: it's fresh!
This is an extremely good buy for anyone who likes rolling joints. The machine is so cheap and it's so effective to roll cigarette-like joints. Definitely an amazing buy for someone who wants to amaze others with rolling skills.
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text:
A wonderful pair of signed Steuben art glass pulled feather lamp shades. Excellent condition w/o chips, cracks &/or repairs.There is slight variation in the shades as they are hand painted. Shades measure 7 1/2" diameter w/ 3 1/4" fitters. One shade is 5 1/4" tall, the other 5 1/2". An opportunity to acquire a rare pair of art glass shades from this great studio.
If you are the winner of these shades, Please wait to get an invoice from Me before paying. I ship with Fed ex only
Item ID: 00042
Antiques, Art & Decoration of highest quality
Oasis in the Bronx,NY w/ Sevres porcelains,Kauba bronzes,Galle' glass,Tiffany Studios lighting,Tiffany & Co. silver & more


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The MagazineA Medal for BrassA brazen publicity stunt from the House of Saud.May 26, 2008, Vol. 13, No. 35
• By NINA SHEA
Some on Capitol Hill agreed. Representative Frank Wolf, ranking member of the House Appropriations Subcommittee for the State Department, home of the Foreign Service, took up the issue with Georgetown president John DeGioia. In a February 14 letter, Wolf asked whether the center could maintain "the impartiality and integrity of scholarship that befits so distinguished a university as Georgetown and that is required by the exigencies of national security for training American officials." Meanwhile, Saudi subsidizing of Western universities proceeds apace. Only this month, Cambridge University and the University of Edinburgh each announced the creation of an Islamic studies center funded by and named after Prince Alwaleed bin Talal. But if the ad's immediate purpose may have been to cast the appearance of a papal blessing over the growing Saudi presence on Western campuses, it also served a larger Saudi aim. The Saudi monarchy has begun using the model of the magisterium of the Roman Catholic Church to position itself as the authoritative voice of Islam worldwide. This is new. In the history of Sunni Islam, theological authority has been located in various centers, but never in the House of Saud. In 2006, the Saudi ambassador to the United States, in a letter to the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, quoted the king as referring to his government as the "Vatican of Islam." The implication is that Saudi Arabia is not only hallowed ground as host of the two holiest Muslim sites, but also the arbiter of Islamic orthodoxy. The recent ad directly supports this power play. It sets up visual parallels between the pope and the king, the Vatican and Mecca. A slogan at the bottom reads, "Two great faiths, Sharing one cause: humanity." Using its control of the hajj and the vast wealth it pours into foreign evangelism, funding mosques, schools, libraries, and academic centers worldwide, the House of Saud is patiently pursuing its quest to make the Saudi variant of Islam--Wahhabism, with its warrant for the murder of heretics, apostates, and infidels--the Muslim norm. This is the ad's chilling subtext. The latest Saudi publicity stunt should not be dismissed as merely a boorish hoax. It offers a useful glimpse of the ambitions and methods of the Saudi state, which deserve to be taken seriously. Nina Shea is director of the Hudson Institute's Center for Religious Freedom. |


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"DC Central Kitchen has used a data-driven approach to training new chefs and delivering food to thousands of underprivileged residents in Washington, DC."
"DC Central Kitchen has used a data-driven approach to training new chefs and delivering food to thousands of underprivileged residents in Washington, DC."
"Dear PoPville,
This holiday season we are collecting handmade holiday cards for the residents of the Old Soldiers Home/ Armed Forces Retirement Home here in DC. If you know a child, daycare, or school that would be interested in making holiday cards to bring some joy to these individuals who have spent years or a lifetime in service to all of us, please spread the word and help us hand out a card to every retired soldier we can this holiday season. Last year we handed out over 550 hugely appreciated holiday cards from all over the country. The cards are delivered along with some hugs, singing and lots of holiday cheer.
I will be happy to pick up the cards you make or you may drop them at my home sarchance10(at)aol(dot)com. The deadline for this small but meaningful way to help experience the joy of giving back in our own backyard is Friday, December 12th. In the event the number of cards exceeds the number of residents, all of the remaining art will be shipped to operation gratitude for placement in care packages of persons serving overseas. Please help spread the word and let's make this year's card drive a success!
Thanks so much/ Happy Holidays.
Sarah Gabriel
Photo by PoPville flickr user Mr.TinDC
From an email:
"The Reserve Corps is a sworn volunteer component of the Metropolitan Police Department. Upon completion of the MPD Academy, the same as the career officers only during off-hours, you are a sworn and armed DC police officer. It's a great opportunity for those who perhaps always wanted to be a cop, but life seemed to get in the way."
From an email:
"DC Public Schools is pleased to announce the 10th annual Beautification Day on Saturday, August 23rd, 2014, from 9AM-1PM.
Join over 4,000 volunteers for a variety of projects to help clean and spruce up schools in preparation for the students first day of school. Activities will include gardening and landscaping, organizing books and libraries, painting, flower planting and more.
· When? Saturday, August 23rd from 9AM to 1PM
· Where? When you sign up as a volunteer, you'll be able to select your school choice. We recommend you register as 'flexible" whenever possible to ensure all schools receive quality care.
· How? Here is the registration link.
· Why? As a valued member of our community, your presence matters! Show up, have fun, and foster meaningful relationships with schools and neighbors."
Photo by PoPville flickr user caroline.angelo
From an email:
"Hill Center is proud to announce the second annual Volunteer Capitol Hill, a volunteer fair featuring over 35 non-profit organizations, on May 10 from 10 a.m. – 2 p.m. Volunteer Capitol Hill will take place at Hill Center, 921 Pennsylvania Ave, SE.
Volunteer Capitol Hill showcases the diverse range of community building activities being undertaken by nonprofit groups all over Capitol Hill and the greater DC area. Whether individuals are looking to make a difference in the community, develop new job skills, make new friends, or spend time together as a family, there is an opportunity for everyone.
With organizations spanning from youth development to dog rescue to food pantries and everything in between, volunteers will find something that fits their interests, availability, and skill sets. Participating organizations include: (more…)
From DCPS:
"Ever wondered how you can help out and make a difference? District of Columbia Public Schools is seeking local professionals to participate in an innovative mentoring program. Last year, DCPS launched an internship program for students with disabilities called the Competitive Employment Opportunities (CEO) Program. The CEO Program brings high school age students with various disabilities together with professional mentors who work in a range of occupations. CEO mentors help introduce our students to the working world and guide them through the career exploration process. To learn more visit our website dcpsceo.com or follow us on twitter @DCPSCEOProgram.
Over the past two years, CEO has provided DCPS students with professional development training, one-on-one mentoring, and paid summer internships throughout the district. During bimonthly one-on-one mentoring, which takes place on Tuesdays and/or Thursdays from 4:30pm – 6:00pm, students work with mentors on a career-focused project. This project and the summer internship open our students' minds to the expansive and exciting working world, allowing them a first-hand experience in what it's like to be a professional. Last year, one of our students worked with a mentor from the Architect of the Capitol on creating a 3-D design of a music studio. Another student worked with a mentor from NASA on a presentation about the landing of the Mars Rover. Our mentors have come from companies and organizations, large and small, all over the district, from Spooky Action Theater to The Discovery Channel.
Currently, we are looking for more local partner agencies in the DC community to add professional mentors to our team, in order to give our students more outlets for career exploration. It is an exciting time for the CEO program, as DCPS is looking to double our programming in 2015. Our goal is to recruit 20 new mentors through 15 new corporate/organizational partnerships by January 2015. If you are enthusiastic about your career, you can share that enthusiasm by becoming a mentor. If you work at a company or organization that would provide exciting options for our students, you can open doors by partnering with DCPS. If you are interested in mentoring or would like more information, please email email@example.com."
From an email:
"What do a 51 year old grandmother of five from Anacostia, a local DJ, an entrepreneur and a DC transplant from Sierra Leone have in common? They're all learning to code in the name of improving the lives of people in and out of The District.
Meet Jason, Terri, Cassidy and Selina — the 2014 Code for Progress fellows. These four Washingtonians are about to make some major changes to historically underserved communities here in town.
Terri Acker has been on the board of Bread for the City for years, and you can't go anywhere in Anacostia and find someone who doesn't know her. She's a 51 year old mother of five and a grandmother of seven who has lived in public housing her entire life. After witnessing people in her community slowly being pushed out of their neighborhoods do to rapid gentrification, she decided to make a change. Terri will be using her 17 week fellowship to learn how to code an app that will make it easier for Washingtonian's to access low-income housing in their areas.
Selina Musuta DJs all over town. She has been working in social justice issues for years, mostly in the broadcast industry. She even incorporates her sound recordings into her DJ sets! Selina is taking her knack for technology to Code for Progress where she seeks to learn how to code an app that will connect SNAP beneficiaries in DC to stores near them using GPS. Even better—each location on the map will have a "healthiness rating".
Cassidy Henderson was born in Sierra Leone, but now lives in Washington DC. She is a transgender woman who is hoping to improve the lives of other LGBT people in the US by connecting them with safe spaces and social services through the app she creates.
Jason Towns has been involved in policy and social entrepreneurship in the District for a long time. He will be using his Code for Progress fellowship to teach DC underprivileged youth how to use technology and code to create opportunity for themselves.
Pretty cool, right? Check out more about what they're doing at codeforprogress.org."
Pretty cool indeed!
Photo by PoPville flickr user quemac
"Dear PoPville,
I have had a really hard time finding volunteer opportunities. I want to volunteer very much, but almost all of the sites I've found have restrictions that I can't fulfill: they take place during the work day, they need certain qualifications, they require a commitment of five days a week, they're located at places where people like me without a car cannot easily access, etc. One nonprofit I used to volunteer for has a waiting list for volunteers at the only site I have access to.
I'm sure issues like mine have arisen in different PoP venues, so if you have suggestions, I'd love to hear them. But what I'd really love is to challenge the PoP community to come up with a site that allows you to select certain parameters– neighborhood, days available, type of volunteering– and then spit out opportunities. I don't know if it's possible to make a site like that, but it would be awesome. People like me wouldn't give up so easily and think that there's nowhere for us to volunteer."
"Dear PoPville,
My son attends Creative Minds International DCPCS. This school is amazing and is full of equally awesome students and teachers. Unfortunately, one of the superkids, a little boy, is very sick. He is in desperate need of a bone marrow transplant.
From 3:30-5:30 TODAY at Creative minds (Corner of 16th St. and Park Rd., across from Sacred Heart Church, the building that has the half circle driveway and looks like Hogwarts a little) the non-profit Be The Change will be holding a swabbing event in hopes of finding a marrow match for this sweet little guy.
Photo by PoPville flickr user maria jpeg
From the Anacostia Watershed Society:
"Join us and 2000 volunteers as we remove thousands of pounds of trash from neighborhoods, streams, and the Anacostia River!
Date: April 5, 2014
Time: 9:00 am – 12:00 pm (Times vary by location)
Location: Approximately 20 sites around the Anacostia Watershed in Washington DC, and Montgomery and Prince George's Counties in Maryland. Registration is required for the cleanup.
Date: April 5, 2014
Time: 12:00 pm – 2:00 pm
Location: The post-cleanup celebration event will be held at RFK Stadium
The celebration will include free food and drink prepared by Seafarers Yacht Club, our long-time Earth Day partner. There will also be live music, local exhibitors, and notable speakers. All volunteers are welcome! Registration is not required for the celebration."


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Caroline Heldman: Occidental College administrators have given conflicting explanations for the 27-case gap in its 2012 sexual assaults report, and some of their explanations are blatant violations of federal reporting requirements.
Caroline Heldman
Caroline Heldman is the Chair of the Politics Department at Occidental College and a co-founder of the Oxy Sexual Assault Coalition (OSAC). She is also the lead complainant on the Clery and Title IX complaints filed against Occidental College on April 1, 2013 and April 18, 2013, respectively. Dr. Heldman is one of eleven people that reporter Jason Felch used to source his stories on Occidental College's ongoing issues with sexual assault/rape. She was the primary source for Felch's December 7, 2013 article asserting that Occidental College failed to report 27 cases of sexual assault/rape in 2012.


text: On Sat, 9 Nov 2002, Laurence Turpin wrote: >Hi > >I have installed lfs 3.3 and got to the point where I reboot. When it >restarts I get the lilo menu with lfs on it. If I select lfs the following >message appears on the screen > >loading lfs.............................. > >and then the PC reboots. > >Does this mean there is a problem with the kernel? >What should I do to find out where the problem is? IIRC, the most common reason for this is that you did not select a cpu type appropriate to your configuation when configuring the kernel. If that is the case, remake the kernel after making the correction. To save some time, use make clean instead of make mrproper. That way it will not destroy your current .config file. Then do the make menuconfig and all subsequent commands (make dep, make bzImage, ...) as detailed in the book. >please help -- Bill Maltby billm at wlmcs.com -- Unsubscribe: send email to listar at linuxfromscratch.org and put 'unsubscribe lfs-support' in the subject header of the message


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does anybody know how to get very easy badges? Some people can also tell me the game and the badge diffcultly of that badge so thank you very much and that its so bye for now.
Ummm…click the "Badges" button and look around for some rated "Easy"?


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POSTED: Thursday, May 17, 2012 - 3:18pm
UPDATED: Friday, May 18, 2012 - 6:12am
EL PASO — In the past week we've seen three men charged with either killing their girlfriend's child or severely injuring them
The Child Advocacy Center of El Paso says it isn't uncommon for a boyfriend to harm their girlfriend's children, but often times the mother is afraid to report it.
The Advocacy Center says sometimes a woman is scared that if she reports any signs of child abuse, the man will break-up with her, and often times leave her without financial support.
Experts say that it's important to look for warning signs from your child, such as bruises or irregular behavior.
The Adovcacy Center says that every year Child Protective Services investigates over five thousand child abuse claims in El Paso County.
"They need not think, well gosh you know if he is in jail and if he leaves me, I'm no longer going to have anything. Everything will be over. I'm just not going to be able to have a roof over my children's heads any longer. There is assistance out there. They need to step forward. They need to make that report," said Adovcacy Center Executive Director Susan Oliva.
According to Oliva, last year over 200 children were killed by their caretakers in the state of Texas. Two of those deaths were in El Paso County.
The Advocacy Center stressed there are support programs for both victims and abusers.
They say that even simple anger management classes can teach adults basic stress relieving techniques that could prevent another child from being harmed.


text:
Snowstorm Softens Skyline Edges in 2015 and in 2010
Self-assignment: Return to the same place and take another photograph.
Did you ever see two photographs where you are to spot the differences?
Photographed December 2010 Where the Rivers Meet (note the Christmas Tree at the Point)
Making Another Movie in Pittsburgh
It's always good news for the Burgh when the filmmakers come to town.
The movie making industry is thriving in Pittsburgh. Here's a list of films shot in Pittsburgh.
I saw a number of trucks and trailers in an East Liberty parking lot as I drove to school, early this morning.
On the way home, I drove by again and asked a man in a truck with the door open what was being filmed. He told me Kerosene, The Last Witch Hunter. (with Van Diesel )
I called to him and said "Enjoy the city while you're here" and he said "I live here"
then he told me that 98% of the crew live in Pittsburgh.
He was very nice and I drove around the Penn Circle to get home and saw more trucks, lights and filming.
Stalled traffic made it easy to catch a couple of quick shots. On the way back from Bernadette's South Side Bday party I asked Steve to swing by the route again on the way home. Still working into the night.
Firing up the grill for dinner time
Got to eat
That was some giant spotlight illuminating the East Liberty Presbyterian Church
Not much to see really but a road closed and a blur of the Motor Square Garden dome in the background.
Steve was driving later
Back to School Silhouettes on my Drive to School
Silhouettes challenge was August 15th.
But look what I found this morning on the way to school. (And yes, I pulled to the side of the road)
I was behind a workman's truck and saw the silhouette.
Pulled over to the curb, mindful of the time, knew I could wait a minute. Parking brake on, the hill's steep.
The school bus
and then two students walking to our high school.
Turning onto Brownsville Road
School bus coming down the hill
I was hoping for some separation between the two but not this morning.
By the Dawn's Early Light- Opening Day
As I was driving to school, crossing the Liberty Bridge, I decided to make a right turn up McArdle Roadway to Mt. Washington and shoot the city from the Duquesne Incline Platform. Traffic didn't seem too thick. I knew I could do it.
Time tight, the light so nice and the next Opening Day would be a year away. You saw the view from inside the park on yesterday's post.
A decision, a moment, you know you're a photographer.
And as I was standing there I realized I'm witnessing the sun rising, coming up behind the buildings. It didn't take too long.
I had to wait to shoot the sun as it peeked through. Not exactly Stonehenge in NYC but a thrill just the same!
PNC Park was a happy place as the Pittsburgh Pirates won in the 10th Inning. (sorry Chicago John) You can see the Ballpark lights glowing on the left hand side of the photos.
and the iPhone shot
Daybreak October First- Comparing iPhone 5 image to Canon 5D Mark ii
I tell the students at school, the only way to improve photographic skill is to practice. And that is what I was doing yesterday morning.
On the way to school, I detoured to Mount Washington to catch the sunrise and the PNC Park lights on, readying the field for Tuesday night's playoff game. The city looked so inviting, the light coming fast.
Everyday the city is a different color, a variety of colors, sometimes golden or pink.
And a glimpse of the Lucky Duck (which is bigger than my house!)
This picture is shot with the Canon 5D Markii- a 70-200mm L series lens.
Looks pretty good to me and not sure why I took the photo with both the camera and the phone but this one is the iPhone 5 camera.
And here is the panorama of the scene.
Still working on getting those panorama shots right. You can see a dark bar indicating I need more practice. But it was fun trying. Love the lettering on the Duquesne Incline station house.
But here is a closer shot taken with the Canon 5D Markii.
These are unretouched images. Looks like Pittsburgh of yesteryear with the Heinz Plant spewing white smoke from a stack!
Thirteen Hundredth Post Today
This is the blog's 1300th post today. I don't think I mentioned when it hit number 1200 or 1100. Thanks for following and looking and writing when you can.
Maybe it was the 13 which was the lucky number for two of my kids on their baseball uniforms years ago!
I was sitting on the floor and looked at some of Matthew's books on a shelf at his Aunt Mary's, thinking about him. Saw the brick wall reflected in the vintage looking alarm clock.
City Rooftop Horsey
I'm sure there's a great story behind the placement of this molded plastic creature, dangling from a wire frame atop a building!
You might remember, depending on how long you have been following the blog, that my friend Sally said that things come in threes.
And the day before that there was the horse of a different color. The post the day before that one was The Old Gray Mare (or stallion).
There was the steed left by a cowboy in an Arlington neighborhood alley, just like the one Chicago John rode as a kid.
And here is the latest one I caught yesterday as I sat in traffic in East Liberty and happened to see it up on the roof.
"Found" rocking horses or rocking horse heads in the city are a theme without my even realizing. Maybe someone is going around the city and placing them for me to find!
Here are the aforementioned horse sightings in the city cause let's face it- who has time to return to old blogposts?
The Stockings Are Hung
At Big Dog Coffee on Sarah Street, the South Side. Ready for the season.
When I saw these stockings hanging by the fireplace, I thought it was funny.
I posted a reflection of Big Dog Coffee last November, you may remember. A great place to meet for coffee.


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Results 1 to 3 of 3
September 4th, 2013 03:05 PM #1Senior Member
- Join Date
- Aug 2013
- Posts
- 300
Girls on the Radio - Lyrical Names
Girl names within lyrics!
September 4th, 2013 03:26 PM #3
Juliet (Juliet)
Lola (Copa Cabana)
Martha (Martha, My Dear)
Eleanor (Eleanor Rigby)
Penny (Penny Lane)
Chelsea (Chelsea)
Caroline (Sweet Caroline)
Allison (Allison)
Angeline (Farewell Angeline)
Cecilia (Cecilia)
Delilah (Hey There Delilah)
Kate (If U C Kate)
Eileen (Don't Walk Away Eileen)
Hattie (The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll)
Julia (Julia)
Layla (Layla)
Lucy (Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds)
Maggie (Maggie Mae)
Mae (Maggie Mae)
Mandy (Mandy)
Maria (Maria)
Mary (Proud Mary)
Michelle (My Michelle)
Natalie (Believe Me, Natalie)
Ophelia (Ophelia)
Peggy Sue (Peggy Sue)
Prudence (Dear Prudence)
Rita (Lovely Rita)
Rosemary (Love Grows Where My Rosemary Goes)
Ruby (Ruby Tuesday)
Saffron (Saffron, Beautiful and Brown Eyed)
Stacy (Stacy's Mom)
Valerie (Valerie)
Hailie (When I'm Gone)
Vesper (Vesper's Goodbye)
Laura (Tell Laura I Love Her)
Jubilee (Alabama Jubilee)
Alabama (Alabama Jubilee)
Susanna (Oh! Susanna)
Eloise (Eloise)
Eden (Garden Of Eden)
Priscilla (Priscilla)
Cindy (Cindy, Oh Cindy)
Marianne (Marianne)
Rosie (Rosie Lee)
Julie (Oh Julie)
Jennie (Jennie Lee)
Robin (Rockin Robin)
Marina (Marina)Last edited by lawsonhaley; September 4th, 2013 at 03:47 PM. Reason: adding to list
~ where there is life, there is hope. ~
Charlotte Emilia ○ Florence Millie-Rose ○ Evelyn Lucille ○ Elsie Bridget ○ Harriet Imogen ○ Martha Juliet
Violet Arabella ○ Felicity Eleanor ○ Kitty Elizabeth ○ Anastasia Lily ○ Ophelia Daisy ○ Dulcie Catherine ○ Bluebell Matilda
Albert Patrick ○ Ernest Daniel ○ Henry Lucas ○ George Alexander ○ Louis Christopher ○ Emmett Percy
Matthew Benedict ○ James Addison ○ Harry William ○ Charlie Thomas ○ Aubrey Joseph ○ Archie Samuel ○ Andrew Lachlan
September 4th, 2013 09:18 PM #5
There's so many of them! I started to post a bunch but decided it'd be too long so I'm posting the link I'm looking at.
Hope you find something you like in there! ^_^Mother, Hellenic Pagan Priestess, and Resident Greek name expert ^_^ Call me Dantea or Remy
http://www.amazon.com/Angel-Blackwood/e/B00SARZLFY -- My Amazon Author Page
Persephone Elysia Willow -- June 5th 2013
TTC #2 by Christmas 2014


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Mary Tamm | |
Mary Tamm as Romana I | |
Born | Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire, England, UK | 22 March 1950
Died | 26 July 2012 London, England, UK | (aged 62)
Cause of death | Cancer |
Ethnicity | Estonian |
Occupation | Actress |
Years active | 1970–2012 |
Spouse(s) | Marcus Ringrose (1978–2012; her death) |
Children | Lauren Ringrose (b. November 1979) |
Mary Tamm | |
Mary Tamm as Romana I | |
Born | Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire, England, UK | 22 March 1950
Died | 26 July 2012 London, England, UK | (aged 62)
Cause of death | Cancer |
Ethnicity | Estonian |
Occupation | Actress |
Years active | 1970–2012 |
Spouse(s) | Marcus Ringrose (1978–2012; her death) |
Children | Lauren Ringrose (b. November 1979) |
Mary Tamm (22 March 1950 – 24 July 2012) was a British actress, known for her role as Romana in the BBC's science fiction television series Doctor Who,[1] starring opposite Tom Baker in the 1978–79 story arc The Key to Time.
Tamm was born in Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire,[2] West Riding of Yorkshire, to Estonian immigrant parents[2][3] and attended Bradford Girls' Grammar School.[4] She was a graduate and an associate member of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art where she studied from 1969-71.[5]
Tamm began acting on the stage with the Birmingham Repertory Company in 1971. She moved to London in 1972 and appeared in the musical Mother Earth. Before her association with Doctor Who, Tamm acted in a few films, including Tales That Witness Madness (1973), The Odessa File (1974) and The Likely Lads (1976). In 1981, she took the part of Rhoda Dawes in Agatha Christie's Cards on the Table at London's Vaudeville Theatre.[6]
Tamm was not initially interested in playing a companion to the Doctor, believing that the role was merely that of the "damsel in distress". She changed her mind when assured by the producers that Romana would be a member of the Doctor's own race and therefore as capable as he. Tamm left the programme after only one season because she felt that the character had reverted to the traditional assistant role and could not be developed further.[7] In a 2007 interview, Tamm stated that she was willing to film a regeneration sequence to allow a smooth transition between her tenure and that of a new actress, but she was not invited to do so.[8] One source states that pregnancy was the reason that she was not asked to return,[9] which Tamm denied as a false rumour invented by John Nathan-Turner.[10][11][12]
After leaving the series, Tamm took leading roles in two BBC 1 dramas, The Treachery Game (1980) and its sequel The Assassination Run (1981) alongside Malcolm Stoddard. A leading role in the sitcom The Hello, Goodbye Man opposite Ian Lavender was produced in 1984, for BBC 2. In the early 1990s she was a regular guest panellist on the ITV morning quiz show Crosswits.
Subsequently, Tamm played the characters of Penny Crosbie in the soap opera Brookside from 1993 to 1996,[13] Yvonne Edwards in the BBC drama Paradise Heights (2002), as well as guest roles in many other television programmes. Tamm returned as Pandora in the second series of the Gallifrey audio plays produced by Big Finish Productions. Her first such appearance was in Gallifrey: Lies (2005). She also appeared (as herself) in a special feature in the 2007 DVD boxed set release of The Key to Time, discussing her experiences on the programme. In August 2009, Tamm made a brief one-week appearance as Orlenda in EastEnders. Reprising the role of Romana, Tamm recorded seven new Doctor Who audio adventures for Big Finish Productions with Tom Baker shortly before her death[14] and were released in 2013 as season 2 of the Fourth Doctor Adventures[15]
Mary Tamm was married to Marcus Ringrose from 1978 until her death.[4] Ringrose himself died just hours after his wife's funeral.[16][17] They had one daughter, Lauren, born November 1979,[10][11][16] and a grandson, Max, age 9–10.[13][16]
Her autobiography, titled First Generation, was published in September 2009 by Fantom Films. Before her death, she had been working on a second part of her autobiography, Second Generation, which was published in 2014.
Year | Title |
Tales That Witness Madness | |
The Odessa File | |
The Likely Lads | |
Amazons and Gladiators |
Year | Title | Network | Notes | Air date |
Review 2012: We Remember[18] | Archive footage | 31 December 2012 | ||
BAFTAs[19] | Archive photo | 12 May 2013 |


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8,766 Cookware & Bakeware
Whether you're an iron chef in the kitchen or someone who could burn water, finding the right size and style of cookware can be intimidating. There are so many different brands — ranging from cheap big-box store sets to expensive Le Creuset — and so many specialty items to consider. For a newborn chef, pots, pans and skillets might be all you need, while more experienced cooks might be looking for that just-right soufflé dish, roasting pan, dutch oven or wok. As you survey your choices and decide what's worth it, and what isn't, be sure to consider how often you cook and bake and what you really need. Here are some tips to help you restock your kitchen supplies. More
Sell on Houzz - Learn More


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