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Modelling the global distribution of fungal species: new insights into microbial cosmopolitanism
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Modelling the global distribution of fungal species: new insights into microbial cosmopolitanism cosmopolitan distributions. However, for estimating the global distributions of microorganisms, discriminating
Bruns, Tom
Global Insight Energy Group
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Outlook Outlook Mary Novak Managing Director IHS Global Insight Copyright © 2010 IHS Global Insight, Inc. Overview: Energy Sector Transformation Underway * The recession has hit energy demand hard, and aggregate energy demand is not expected to return to 2007 levels until 2018. * Oil and natural gas prices will both rise over the long-term, but the price trends will diverge with natural gas prices rising slowly due to the development of shale gas. * This forecast does not include a GHG cap-and-trade program. However, it is assumed that there will be continued improvement in equipment, appliance and building efficiencies that will reduce carbon emissions relative to past projections. * The forecast also includes the more than 30 state- level programs to increase efficiency and reduce
Modeling for Insights
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
System Dynamics is a computer-aided approach to evaluating the interrelationships of different components and activities within complex systems. Recently, System Dynamics models have been developed in areas such as policy design, biological and medical modeling, energy and the environmental analysis, and in various other areas in the natural and social sciences. The real power of System Dynamic modeling is gaining insights into total system behavior as time, and system parameters are adjusted and the effects are visualized in real time. System Dynamic models allow decision makers and stakeholders to explore long-term behavior and performance of complex systems, especially in the context of dynamic processes and changing scenarios without having to wait decades to obtain field data or risk failure if a poor management or design approach is used. The Idaho National Laboratory recently has been developing a System Dynamic model of the US Nuclear Fuel Cycle. The model is intended to be used to identify and understand interactions throughout the entire nuclear fuel cycle and suggest sustainable development strategies. This paper describes the basic framework of the current model and presents examples of useful insights gained from the model thus far with respect to sustainable development of nuclear power.
Jacob J. Jacobson; Gretchen Matthern
Global ice sheet modeling
The University of Maine conducted this study for Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) as part of a global climate modeling task for site characterization of the potential nuclear waste respository site at Yucca Mountain, NV. The purpose of the study was to develop a global ice sheet dynamics model that will forecast the three-dimensional configuration of global ice sheets for specific climate change scenarios. The objective of the third (final) year of the work was to produce ice sheet data for glaciation scenarios covering the next 100,000 years. This was accomplished using both the map-plane and flowband solutions of our time-dependent, finite-element gridpoint model. The theory and equations used to develop the ice sheet models are presented. Three future scenarios were simulated by the model and results are discussed.
Hughes, T.J.; Fastook, J.L. [Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME (United States). Institute for Quaternary Studies
Global pattern of earthquakes and seismic energy distributions: Insights for the mechanisms of plate tectonics
Global pattern of earthquakes and seismic energy distributions: Insights for the mechanisms October 2011 Keywords: Global seismicity Declustered catalogue Earthquake energy distribution Plate tectonics In this paper, we analyse the distributions of number of events (N) and seismic energy (E
Doglioni, Carlo
New insight on global QCD fits using Regge theory
SciTech Connect
In global QCD fits, one has to choose an initial parton distribution at Q{sup 2} = Q{sub 0}{sup 2}. I shall argue that the initial condition chosen in usual standard sets is inconsistent with analytic S-matrix theory. I shall show how one can combine these two approaches, leading to a Regge-compatible next-to-leading order global QCD fit. This allows one to extend the parametrisation in the low-Q2 region. Finally, I shall discuss how it it possible to use the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) equation to obtain information on Regge models at high Q2.
Soyez, G. [CEA Saclay, Service de Physique Theorique, Orme des Merisiers Bat 774, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette (France)
�?�? �? �?�?�? �? �?�? Global pattern of earthquakes and seismic energy distributions: Insights energy distributions: insights for the mechanisms of plate tectonics P. Vargaa , F. Krummb , F. Riguzzic In this paper, we analyse the distributions of number of events (N) and seismic energy (E) on the Earth
Stuttgart, Universität
Multimodal Transport Modeling for Nairobi, Kenya: Insights and Recommendations with an Evidence-Based Model
An approach for Nairobi, Kenya. Working Paper UCB-ITS-VWP-Modeling for Nairobi, Kenya: Insights and RecommendationsModeling for Nairobi, Kenya: Insights and Recommendations
Gonzales, Eric J.; Chavis, Celeste; Li, Yuwei; Daganzo, Carlos F.
Global Circuit Model with Clouds
Cloud data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) database have been introduced into the global circuit model developed by Tinsley and Zhou. Using the cloud-top pressure data and cloud type information, the authors ...
Limin Zhou; Brian A. Tinsley
Transferability Intercomparison: An Opportunity for New Insight on the Global Water Cycle and Energy Budget
A new approach, called transferability intercomparisons, is described for advancing both understanding and modeling of the global water cycle and energy budget. Under this approach, individual regional climate models perform simulations with all ...
E. S. Takle; W. J. Gutowski Jr.; R. W. Arritt; J. Roads; I. Meinke; B. Rockel; C. G. Jones; A. Zadra
Model Documentation Report: Macroeconomic Activity Module (MAM) of ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
3. IHS Global Insight�s Industrial Output and Employment by Industry Models Industrial Output Model Overview ...
A University Perspective on Global Climate Modeling
Global atmospheric models are proliferating, in part because of the widespread availability of powerful computers. There are about two dozen global modeling groups at work in the United States today. These groups are put into four categories, ...
David A. Randall
Modeling global temperature changes with genetic programming
We use genetic programming (GP), a variant of evolutionary computation, to build interpretable models of global mean temperature as a function of natural and anthropogenic forcings. In contrast to the conventional approach, which engages models that ... Keywords: Data-driven modeling, Evolutionary computation, Genetic programming, Global temperature modeling, Unconstrained optimization
Karolina Stanislawska; Krzysztof Krawiec; Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz
Rethinking hydrogen fueling insights from delivery modeling.
Over the past century gasoline fueling has evolved from being performed by a variety of informal, diverse methods to being performed through the use of a standardized, highly automated system that exploits the fuel's benefits and mitigates its hazards. Any effort to transition to another fuel with different properties--with both advantages and disadvantages--must make similar adjustments. This paper discusses the existing gasoline refueling infrastructure and its evolution. It then describes the hydrogen delivery scenario analysis model, an Excel-based tool that calculates the levelized cost of delivering hydrogen from a central production facility to a vehicle by the use of currently available technologies and a typical profile of vehicle use and fueling demand. The results are shown for a status quo, or gasoline-centric case, in which demand reflects the current gasoline-based system and supply responds accordingly, and a hydrogen-centric case, in which some of those patterns are altered. The paper highlights fueling requirements that are particularly problematic for hydrogen and concludes with a discussion of alternative fueling paradigms.
Mintz, M.; Elgowainy, A.; Gardiner, M.; Energy Systems; U. S. DOE
Innovative approaches to integrated global change modelling
Integrated models are important tools to investigate the interactions between planetary processes and the growing impacts of human populations - in short: global change. Current models still have significant shortcomings, notably in their representation ... Keywords: Global change, Innovative approaches, Integrated assessment, Modelling, Research priorities
Carlo Giupponi, Mark E. Borsuk, Bert J. M. De Vries, Klaus Hasselmann
Anthropogenic impacts on global storage and emissions of mercury from terrestrial soils: Insights from a new global
[1] We develop a mechanistic global model of soil mercury storage and emissions that ties the lifetime of mercury in soils to the lifetime of the organic carbon pools it is associated with. We explore the implications of considering terrestrial mercury cycling in the framework of soil carbon cycling and suggest possible avenues of future research to test our assumptions and constrain this type of model. In our simulation, input of mercury to soil is by atmospheric deposition, in part through leaf uptake and subsequent litter fall, and is moderated by surface photoreduction and revolatilization. Once bound to organic carbon, mercury is transferred along a succession of short?lived to long?lived carbon pools and is ultimately reemitted by respiration of these pools. We examine the legacy of anthropogenic influence on global mercury storage and emissions and estimate that storage of mercury in organic soils has increased by ?20 % since preindustrial times, while soil emissions have increased by a factor of 3 (2900 Mg yr ?1 versus 1000 Mg yr ?1). At steady state, mercury accumulates in the most recalcitrant soil carbon pools and has an overall lifetime against respiration of 630 years. However, the impact of anthropogenic emissions since preindustrial times has been concentrated in more labile pools, so that the mean lifetime of present?day anthropogenic mercury in all pools is ?80 years. Our analysis suggests that reductions in anthropogenic emissions would lead to immediate and large reductions in secondary soil mercury emissions.
Nicole V Smith?downey; Elsie M. Sunderl; Daniel J. Jacob
Model year 2010 Honda insight level-1 testing report.
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
As a part of the US Department of Energy's Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity (AVTA), a model year 2010 Honda Insight was procured by eTec (Phoenix, AZ) and sent to ANL's Advanced Powertrain Research Facility for the purposes of vehicle-level testing in support of the Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity (AVTA). Data was acquired during testing using non-intrusive sensors, vehicle network information, and facilities equipment (emissions and dynamometer data). Standard drive cycles, performance cycles, steady-state cycles and A/C usage cycles were tested. Much of this data is openly available for download in ANL's Downloadable Dynamometer Database (D3). The major results are shown here in this report. Given the preliminary nature of this assessment, the majority of the testing was done over standard regulatory cycles and seeks to obtain a general overview of how the vehicle performs. These cycles include the US FTP cycle (Urban) and Highway Fuel Economy Test cycle as well as the US06, a more aggressive supplemental regulatory cycle. Data collection for this testing was kept at a fairly high level and includes emissions and fuel measurements from an exhaust emissions bench, high-voltage and accessory current and voltage from a DC power analyzer, and CAN bus data such as engine speed, engine load, and electric machine operation when available. The following sections will seek to explain some of the basic operating characteristics of the MY2010 Insight and provide insight into unique features of its operation and design.
Rask, E.; Bocci, D.; Duoba, M.; Lohse-Busch, H. (Energy Systems)
Modeling Global Lightning Distributions in a General Circulation Model
A general circulation model (GCM) is used to model global lightning distributions and frequencies. Both total and cloud-to-ground lightning frequencies are modeled using parameterizations that relate the depth of convective clouds to lightning ...
Colin Price; David Rind
Understanding Hydrometeorology Using Global Models
The land surface coupling, a crucial element of the climate system, is explored in the recent 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA-40) model. In seasonal forecasts for the Northern Hemisphere summer, ...
Alan K. Betts
Global Futures: A Multithreaded Execution Model for Global Arrays-based Applications
We present Global Futures (GF), an execution model extension to Global Arrays, which is based on a PGAS-compatible active message-based paradigm. We describe the design and implementation of Global Futures and illustrate its use in a computational chemistry ... Keywords: Global Arrays, multithreading, execution models
Daniel Chavarria-Miranda; Sriram Krishnamoorthy; Abhinav Vishnu
Glass viscosity calculation based on a global statistical modelling approach
A global statistical glass viscosity model was developed for predicting the complete viscosity curve, based on more than 2200 composition-property data of silicate glasses from the scientific literature, including soda-lime-silica container and float glasses, TV panel glasses, borosilicate fiber wool and E type glasses, low expansion borosilicate glasses, glasses for nuclear waste vitrification, lead crystal glasses, binary alkali silicates, and various further compositions from over half a century. It is shown that within a measurement series from a specific laboratory the reported viscosity values are often over-estimated at higher temperatures due to alkali and boron oxide evaporation during the measurement and glass preparation, including data by Lakatos et al. (1972) and the recently published High temperature glass melt property database for process modeling by Seward et al. (2005). Similarly, in the glass transition range many experimental data of borosilicate glasses are reported too high due to phase separation effects. The developed global model corrects those errors. The model standard error was 9-17�C, with R^2 = 0.985-0.989. The prediction 95% confidence interval for glass in mass production largely depends on the glass composition of interest, the composition uncertainty, and the viscosity level. New insights in the mixed-alkali effect are provided.
Fluegel, Alex
Using a Bayesian framework and global sensitivity analysis to identify strengths and weaknesses of two process-based models differing in representation of autotrophic respiration
Process-based models are powerful tools for sustainable and adaptive forest management. Bayesian statistics and global sensitivity analysis allow to reduce uncertainties in parameters and outputs, and they provide better insight of model behaviour. In ... Keywords: 3-PG, Bayesian calibration, Bayesian model comparison, Carbon cycle, Global sensitivity analysis, Morris screening, Net primary production, Respiration, Uncertainty analysis
F. Minunno; M. Van Oijen; D. R. Cameron; S. Cerasoli; J. S. Pereira; M. Tom�
Forecast cloudy; The limits of global warming models
This paper reports on climate models used to study global warming. It discusses factors which must be included in climate models, shortcomings of existing climate models, and scenarios for global warming.
Stone, P.H.
An Analytical Model of Atmospheric Feedback and Global Temperature Change
An analytical model of the globally averaged surface temperature response to changes in radiative forcing induced by greenhouse gases is developed from a time-dependent version of the global energy budget. The model clarifies the role of feedback ...
John A. Dutton
Global models of document structure using latent permutations
We present a novel Bayesian topic model for learning discourse-level document structure. Our model leverages insights from discourse theory to constrain latent topic assignments in a way that reflects the underlying ...
Chen, Harr
Development of an Integrated Global Energy Model
The primary objective of this research was to develop a forefront analysis tool for application to enhance understanding of long-term, global, nuclear-energy and nuclear-material futures. To this end, an existing economics-energy-environmental (E{sup 3}) model was adopted, modified, and elaborated to examine this problem in a multi-regional (13), long-term ({approximately}2,100) context. The E{sup 3} model so developed was applied to create a Los Alamos presence in this E{sup 3} area through ''niche analyses'' that provide input to the formulation of policies dealing with and shaping of nuclear-energy and nuclear-materials futures. Results from analyses using the E{sup 3} model have been presented at a variety of national and international conferences and workshops. Through use of the E{sup 3} model Los Alamos was afforded the opportunity to participate in a multi-national E{sup 3} study team that is examining a range of global, long-term nuclear issues under the auspices of the IAEA during the 1998-99 period . Finally, the E{sup 3} model developed under this LDRD project is being used as an important component in more recent Nuclear Material Management Systems (NMMS) project.
Krakowski, R.A.
Increasing NOAA's computational capacity to improve global forecast modeling
1 Increasing NOAA's computational capacity to improve global forecast modeling A NOAA of the NWS's forecast products, even its regional forecast products, are constrained by the limitations of NOAA's global forecast model. Unfortunately, our global forecasts are less accurate than those from
Hamill, Tom
A Global Cloud Resolving Model Goals
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Cloud Resolving Model Cloud Resolving Model Goals Uniform global horizontal grid spacing of 4 km or better ("cloud permitting") 100 or more layers up to at least the stratopause Parameterizations of microphysics, turbulence (including small clouds), and radiation Execution speed of at least several simulated days per wall-clock day on immediately available systems Annual cycle simulation by end of 2011. Motivations Parameterizations are still problematic. There are no spectral gaps. The equations themselves change at high resolution. GCRMs will be used for NWP within 10 years. GCRMs will be used for climate time-slices shortly thereafter. It's going to take some time to learn how to do GCRMs well. Scaling Science Length, Spatial extent, #Atoms, Weak scaling Time scale
Modeling the Global Trade and Environmental Impacts of Biofuel Policies |
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Modeling the Global Trade and Environmental Impacts of Biofuel Policies Modeling the Global Trade and Environmental Impacts of Biofuel Policies Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Modeling the Global Trade and Environmental Impacts of Biofuel Policies Agency/Company /Organization: International Food Policy Research Institute Sector: Energy Focus Area: Biomass Topics: Policies/deployment programs, Co-benefits assessment, - Macroeconomic, - Environmental and Biodiversity, Pathways analysis Resource Type: Software/modeling tools, Publications, Lessons learned/best practices Website: www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ifpridp01018.pdf RelatedTo: Modeling International Relationships in Applied General Equilibrium (MIRAGE) Modeling the Global Trade and Environmental Impacts of Biofuel Policies Screenshot
The research supported by DOE funding addressed the fundamental issues of understanding and modeling of hydrologic processes in relation to regional and global climate change. The emphasis of this research effort was on the application of isentropic modeling and analysis to advance the accuracy of the simulation of all aspects of the hydrologic cycle including clouds and thus the climate state regionally and globally. Simulation of atmospheric hydrologic processes by the UW hybrid isentropic coordinate models provided fundamental insight into global monsoonal circulations, and regional energy exchange in relation to the atmospheric hydrologic cycle. Inter-comparison of UW hybrid model simulations with those from the NCAR Community Climate Model and other climate and numerical weather prediction (NWP) models investigated the increased accuracies gained in modeling long-range transport in isentropic coordinates and isolated differences in modeling of the climate state. The inter-comparisons demonstrated advantages in the simulation of the transport of the hydrologic components of the climate system and provided insight into the more general problems of simulating hydrologic processes, aerosols and chemistry for climate. This research demonstrated the viability of the UW isentropic-eta model for long-term integration for climate and climate change studies and documented that no insurmountable barriers exist to simulation of climate utilizing hybrid isentropic coordinate models. The results provide impetus for continued development of hybrid isentropic coordinate models as a means to advance accuracies in the simulation of global and regional climate in relation to transport and the planetary distribution of heat sources and sinks.
Donald Johnson, Todd Schaack
Integrated Model to Access the Global Environment | Open Energy Information
Integrated Model to Access the Global Environment Integrated Model to Access the Global Environment Jump to: navigation, search LEDSGP green logo.png FIND MORE DIA TOOLS This tool is part of the Development Impacts Assessment (DIA) Toolkit from the LEDS Global Partnership. Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Integrated Model to Access the Global Environment (IMAGE) Agency/Company /Organization: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency Focus Area: Biomass Complexity/Ease of Use: Advanced Website: themasites.pbl.nl/en/themasites/image/index.html Cost: Paid Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/integrated-model-access-global-enviro Related Tools ENV-Linkages-KEI Model World Induced Technical Change Hybrid (WITCH) Global Trade and Analysis Project (GTAP) Model ... further results IMAGE is an ecological-environmental framework that simulates the
Global Climate Simulation with the University of Wisconsin Global Hybrid Isentropic Coordinate Model
The purpose of this study is to briefly describe the global atmospheric University of Wisconsin (UW) hybrid isentropic�eta coordinate (UW ?�?) model and document results from a 14-yr climate simulation. The model, developed through modification ...
Todd K. Schaack; Tom H. Zapotocny; Allen J. Lenzen; Donald R. Johnson
This work is devoted to the construction of a data-driven model for the study of the dynamic evolution of the global corona that can respond continuously to the changing of the photospheric magnetic field. The data-driven model consists of a surface flux transport (SFT) model and a global three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) coronal model. The SFT model is employed to produce the global time-varying and self-consistent synchronic snapshots of the photospheric magnetic field as the input to drive our 3D numerical global coronal AMR-CESE-MHD model on an overset grid of Yin-Yang overlapping structure. The SFT model and the 3D global coronal model are coupled through the boundary condition of the projected characteristic method. Numerical results of the coronal evolution from 1996 September 4 to October 29 provide a good comparison with multiply observed coronal images.
Feng Xueshang; Jiang Chaowei; Xiang Changqing [SIGMA Weather Group, State Key Laboratory for Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); Zhao Xuepu [W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (United States); Wu, S. T., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899 (United States)
Validation of Global Weather Forecast and Climate Models Over...
Validation of Global Weather Forecast and Climate Models Over the North Slope of Alaska Xie, Shaocheng Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Klein, Stephen Lawrence Livermore...
Posters Cloud Parameterizations in Global Climate Models: The...
3 Posters Cloud Parameterizations in Global Climate Models: The Role of Aerosols J. E. Penner and C. C. Chuang Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, California...
Global Trade and Analysis Project (GTAP) Model | Open Energy Information
Global Trade and Analysis Project (GTAP) Model Global Trade and Analysis Project (GTAP) Model Jump to: navigation, search LEDSGP green logo.png FIND MORE DIA TOOLS This tool is part of the Development Impacts Assessment (DIA) Toolkit from the LEDS Global Partnership. Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) Model Agency/Company /Organization: Purdue University Sector: Climate, Energy Topics: Baseline projection, - Macroeconomic, Market analysis, Pathways analysis Resource Type: Software/modeling tools User Interface: Desktop Application Complexity/Ease of Use: Moderate Website: www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/models/current.asp Cost: Free References: GTAP[1] Related Tools IGES GHG Calculator For Solid Waste ICCT Roadmap Model Applied Dynamic Analysis of the Global Economy (ADAGE) Model
Long-Range Transport and Global Fractionation of Persistent Organic...
Long-Range Transport and Global Fractionation of Persistent Organic Pollutants: Insights from Multimedia Modeling Studies Speaker(s): Martin Scheringer Date: July 10, 2003 -...
Efficient data IO for a Parallel Global Cloud Resolving Model
Execution of a Global Cloud Resolving Model (GCRM) at target resolutions of 2-4 km will generate, at a minimum, 10s of Gigabytes of data per variable per snapshot. Writing this data to disk, without creating a serious bottleneck in the execution of the ... Keywords: Data formatting, Geodesic grid, Global Cloud Resolving Model, Grid Specifications, High performance IO, Parallel IO libraries
Bruce Palmer; Annette Koontz; Karen Schuchardt; Ross Heikes; David Randall
A Global Version of the PSU�NCAR Mesoscale Model
A global version of the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University�National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (PSU�NCAR MM5) is described. The new model employs two polar stereographic projection domains centered on each pole. ...
Jimy Dudhia; James F. Bresch
The Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center Global Spectral Ocean Wave Model
The Spectral Ocean Wave Model (SOWM) has been an operational product at Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center since the mid 1970s; the Global Spectral Ocean Wave Model (GSOWM) was developed to replace it. An operational test of GSOWM, using buoy, ...
R. M. Clancy; J. E. Kaitala; L. F. Zambresky
A Description of the GFDL Global Spectral Model
A multi-level, global, spectral transform model of the atmosphere, based upon spherical harmonies, has been developed at GFDL. The basic model has nine sigma levels in the vertical and rhomboidal spectral truncation at wavenumber 30. However, ...
Charles T. Gordon; William F. Stern
Integrated Global System Modeling Framework | Open Energy Information
Integrated Global System Modeling Framework Integrated Global System Modeling Framework Jump to: navigation, search LEDSGP green logo.png FIND MORE DIA TOOLS This tool is part of the Development Impacts Assessment (DIA) Toolkit from the LEDS Global Partnership. Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Integrated Global System Modeling Framework Agency/Company /Organization: MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change Sector: Climate, Energy Focus Area: Renewable Energy Phase: Determine Baseline, Evaluate Options Topics: - Macroeconomic Resource Type: Software/modeling tools User Interface: Desktop Application Complexity/Ease of Use: Not Available Website: globalchange.mit.edu/research/IGSM Cost: Free Related Tools Transport Co-benefits Calculator General Equilibrium Modeling Package (GEMPACK)
Integrated decision support model for global sourcing
Over the last decade, the U.S. aircraft industry has experienced increasing levels of international integration as companies seek to access global talent and resources, cut production costs, spread financial risk, and ...
Mroczkowski, Victor A. (Victor Adam)
Carbon Footprint and the Management of Supply Chains: Insights from Simple Models
Carbon Footprint and the Management of Supply Chains: Insights from Simple Models Saif Benjaafar1, we illustrate how carbon emission concerns could be integrated into operational decision-making with regard to procurement, production, and inventory management. We show how, by associating carbon emission
Benjaafar, Saifallah
Nonhydrostatic icosahedral atmospheric model (NICAM) for global cloud resolving simulations
A new type of ultra-high resolution atmospheric global circulation model is developed. The new model is designed to perform ''cloud resolving simulations'' by directly calculating deep convection and meso-scale circulations, which play key roles not ... Keywords: Aqua-planet experiments, Atmospheric general circulation models, Cloud clusters, Cloud resolving model, Icosahedral grids, Nonhydrostatic model
M. Satoh; T. Matsuno; H. Tomita; H. Miura; T. Nasuno; S. Iga
Understanding Hadley Cell Expansion versus Contraction: Insights from Simplified Models and Implications for Recent Observations
This study seeks a deeper understanding of the causes of Hadley Cell (HC) expansion, as projected under global warming, and HC contraction, as observed under El Ni�o. Using an idealized general circulation model, the authors show that a thermal ...
Neil F. Tandon; Edwin P. Gerber; Adam H. Sobel; Lorenzo M. Polvani
New insights on geomagnetic storms from observations and modeling
Understanding the response at Earth of the Sun's varying energy output and forecasting geomagnetic activity is of central interest to space science, since intense geomagnetic storms may cause severe damages on technological systems and affect communications. Episodes of southward (Bzmodel (RAM), and investigate the mechanisms responsible for trapping particles and for causing their loss. We find that periods of increased magnetospheric convection coinciding with enhancements of plasma sheet density are needed for strong ring current buildup. During the HSS-driven storm the convection potential is highly variable and causes small sporadic injections into the ring current. The long period of enhanced convection during the CME-driven storm causes a continuous ring current injection penetrating to lower L shells and stronger ring current buildup.
Jordanova, Vania K [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Understanding the response at Earth of the Sun's varying energy output and forecasting geomagnetic activity is of central interest to space science, since intense geomagnetic storms may cause severe damages on technological systems and affect communications. Episodes of southward (Bzgeomagnetic conditions are associated either with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and possess long and continuous negative IMF Bz excursions, or with high speed solar wind streams (HSS) whose geoeffectiveness is due to IMF Bz profiles fluctuating about zero with various amplitudes and duration. We show examples of ring current simulations during two geomagnetic storms representative of each interplanetary condition with our kinetic ring current atmosphere interactions model (RAM), and investigate the mechanisms responsible for trapping particles and for causing their loss. We find that periods of increased magnetospheric convection coinciding with enhancements of plasma sheet density are needed for strong ring current buildup. During the HSS-driven storm the convection potential is highly variable and causes small sporadic injections into the ring current. The long period of enhanced convection during the CME-driven storm causes a continuous ring current injection penetrating to lower L shells and stronger ring current buildup.
Identifying Signatures of Natural Climate Variability in Time Series of Global-Mean Surface Temperature: Methodology and Insights
Global-mean surface temperature is affected by both natural variability and anthropogenic forcing. This study is concerned with identifying and removing from global-mean temperatures the signatures of natural climate variability over the period ...
David W. J. Thompson; John M. Wallace; Phil D. Jones; John J. Kennedy
Hurricane Prediction with a High Resolution Global Model
A global spectral model is used to carry out a number of short to medium range prediction experiments with global datasets. The primary objective of these studies is to examine the formation and motion of the hurricanes/typhoons with a fairly ...
T. N. Krishnamurti; D. Oosterhof; Nancy Dignon
Multiple Equilibria in a Global Ocean General Circulation Model
A global ocean general circulation model is forced using various upper boundary conditions (BCs) on temperature and salinity. Solutions are obtained under restoring and mixed BCs (i.e., a restoring condition on the upper-level temperature but ...
S. B. Power; R. Kleeman
Hybrid ?�p Coordinate Choices for a Global Model
A methodology for choosing a hybrid ?�p (sigma�pressure) vertical coordinate of the Simmons�Str�fing form for a global model is presented. The method focuses on properties of the vertical derivative of the terrain-following coefficient, which ...
Stephen Eckermann
On Scalar and Vector Transform Methods for Global Spectral Models
We compare scalare and vector transform methods for global spectral models of the shallow-water equations. For the scalar transform methods, we demonstrate some economies in the number of Legendre transforms required. It is shown that the ...
Clive Temperton
Interpretation of Simulated Global Warming Using a Simple Model
A simple energy balance model with two parameters, an effective heat capacity and an effective climate sensitivity, is used to interpret six GCM simulations of greenhouse gas�induced global warming. By allowing the parameters to vary in time, the ...
I. G. Watterson
Cloud Predictions Diagnosed from Global Weather Model Forecasts
The U.S. Air Force has a long history of investment in cloud analysis and prediction operations. Their need for accurate cloud cover information has resulted in routine production of global cloud analyses (from their RTNEPH analysis model) and ...
Donald C. Norquist
Approach to Equilibrium in Accelerated Global Oceanic Models
The approach to equilibrium of a coarse-resolution, seasonally forced, global oceanic general circulation model is investigated, considering the affects of a widely used acceleration technique that distorts the dynamics by using unequal time ...
Gokhan Danabasoglu; James C. McWilliams; William G. Large
A Prognostic Cloud Water Parameterization for Global Climate Models
An efficient new prognostic cloud water parameterization designed for use in global climate models is described. The scheme allows for life cycle effects in stratiform clouds and permits cloud optical properties to be determined interactively. ...
Anthony D. Del Genio; Mao-Sung Yao; William Kovari; Kenneth K-W. Lo
A Global Numerical Weather Prediction Model with Variable Resolution
A conformal transformation suggested by F. Schmidt is followed to implement a global spectral model with variable resolution. A conformal mapping is defined from a physical sphere (like the earth) to a transformed (computational) sphere. The ...
Vivek Hardiker
Transit-Time Distributions in a Global Ocean Model
Results from a simulation of the ocean �transit-time distribution� (�TTD�) for global and regional ocean surface boundary conditions are presented based on a 5000-yr integration using the Parallel Ocean Program ocean general circulation model. ...
Synte Peacock; Mathew Maltrud
Global Trade and Environmental Model (GTEM) | Open Energy Information
Global Trade and Environmental Model (GTEM) Global Trade and Environmental Model (GTEM) Jump to: navigation, search LEDSGP green logo.png FIND MORE DIA TOOLS This tool is part of the Development Impacts Assessment (DIA) Toolkit from the LEDS Global Partnership. Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Global Trade and Environmental Model (GTEM) Agency/Company /Organization: Australia Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry (ABARES) Sector: Climate, Energy Topics: Analysis Tools Complexity/Ease of Use: Moderate Website: www.daff.gov.au/abares/publications_remote_content/publication_topics/ Related Tools Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP) Intertemporal Computable Equilibrium System (ICES) Ventana's Energy, Environment, Economy-Society (E3S) Model ... further results Captures the impact of policy changes on large numbers of economic
An Evaluation of the Software System Dependency of a Global Atmospheric Model
This study presents the dependency of the simulation results from a global atmospheric numerical model on machines with different hardware and software systems. The global model program (GMP) of the Global/Regional Integrated Model system (GRIMs) ...
Song-You Hong; Myung-Seo Koo; Jihyeon Jang; Jung-Eun Esther Kim; Hoon Park; Min-Su Joh; Ji-Hoon Kang; Tae-Jin Oh
Global sensitivity analysis of stochastic computer models with joint metamodels
The global sensitivity analysis method used to quantify the influence of uncertain input variables on the variability in numerical model responses has already been applied to deterministic computer codes; deterministic means here that the same set of ... Keywords: Computer experiment, Gaussian process, Generalized additive model, Joint modeling, Sobol indices, Uncertainty
Amandine Marrel; Bertrand Iooss; S�bastien Veiga; Mathieu Ribatet
MIT Integrated Global System Model (IGSM) Version 2: Model Description and Baseline Evaluation
The MIT Integrated Global System Model (IGSM) is designed for analyzing the global environmental changes that may result from anthropogenic causes, quantifying the uncertainties associated with the projected changes, and ...
Sokolov, Andrei P.
Firm Size and Industry Structure Under Human Capital Intensity: Insights from the Evolution of the Global Advertising Industry
Although existing literature assumes that the human capital intensity of professional services leads to small and flimsy firms, several professional services feature large, long-lived firms. To develop insights about firm size and industry structure ... Keywords: advertising agencies, financial intermediation, human capital, industry evolution, industry structure, professional services, vertical differentiation
Andrew von Nordenflycht
Response of Upper Clouds in Global Warming Experiments Obtained Using a Global Nonhydrostatic Model with Explicit Cloud Processes
Using a global nonhydrostatic model with explicit cloud processes, upper-cloud changes are investigated by comparing the present climate condition under the perpetual July setting and the global warming condition, in which the sea surface ...
Masaki Satoh; Shin-ichi Iga; Hirofumi Tomita; Yoko Tsushima; Akira T. Noda
Resolving Convection in a Global Hypohydrostatic Model
Convection cannot be explicitly resolved in general circulation models given their typical grid size of 50 km or larger. However, by multiplying the vertical acceleration in the equation of motion by a constant larger than unity, the horizontal ...
S. T. Garner; D. M. W. Frierson; I. M. Held; O. Pauluis; G. K. Vallis
A Discontinuous Galerkin Global Shallow Water Model
A discontinuous Galerkin shallow water model on the cubed sphere is developed, thereby extending the transport scheme developed by Nair et al. The continuous flux form nonlinear shallow water equations in curvilinear coordinates are employed. The ...
Ramachandran D. Nair; Stephen J. Thomas; Richard D. Loft
Global and Convex Optimization in Modeling Environments ...
Aug 12, 2002 ... This model is a frequently used classical GO test ..... The results are automatically written to a summary and a detailed report file. ..... radiated acoustic power, delivered to the radiation resistance Rr, to input electric power.
Global Nutrient Export from WaterSheds 2 (NEWS 2): Model development and implementation
Global NEWS is a global, spatially explicit, multi-element and multi-form model of nutrient exports by rivers. Here we present NEWS 2, the new version of Global NEWS developed as part of a Millennium Ecosystem Assessment scenario implementation from ... Keywords: Basin models, Coastal inputs, Global NEWS, Global river exports, Millennium ecosystem assessment scenarios, Nutrients
Emilio Mayorga; Sybil P. Seitzinger; John A. Harrison; Egon Dumont; Arthur H. W. Beusen; A. F. Bouwman; Balazs M. Fekete; Carolien Kroeze; Gerard Van Drecht
Global scale hydrology - Advances in land surface modeling
Research into global scale hydrology is an expanding area that includes researchers from the meteorology, climatology, ecology and hydrology communities. This paper reviews research in this area carried out in the United States during the last IUGG quadrennial period of 1987-1990. The review covers the representation of land-surface hydrologic processes for general circulation models (GCMs), sensitivity analysis of these representations on global hydrologic fields like precipitation, regional studies of climate that have global hydrologic implications, recent field studies and experiments whose aims are the improved understanding of land surface-atmospheric interactions, and the use of remotely sensed data for the further understanding of the spatial variability of surface hydrologic processes that are important at regional and global climate scales. 76 refs.
Wood, E.F. (USAF, Geophysics Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA (United States))
Incorporating Urban Systems in Global Climate Models
Resolutions IPCC AR4 The Future? Preliminary Data #12;CLM Urban Canyon Model Building Building Solar Radiation properties Building Properties Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) Heat Capacity (MJ/m^3 K) Albedo Density (kg/m^3T ,1shdwlT min , maxi buildT T T
Peterson, Blake R.
Regional forecasting with global atmospheric models; Third year report
This report was prepared by the Applied Research Corporation (ARC), College Station, Texas, under subcontract to Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) as part of a global climate studies task. The task supports site characterization work required for the selection of a potential high-level nuclear waste repository and is part of the Performance Assessment Scientific Support (PASS) Program at PNL. The work is under the overall direction of the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM), US Department of Energy Headquarters, Washington, DC. The scope of the report is to present the results of the third year`s work on the atmospheric modeling part of the global climate studies task. The development testing of computer models and initial results are discussed. The appendices contain several studies that provide supporting information and guidance to the modeling work and further details on computer model development. Complete documentation of the models, including user information, will be prepared under separate reports and manuals.
Crowley, T.J.; North, G.R.; Smith, N.R. [Applied Research Corp., College Station, TX (United States)
An Adaptive Multimoment Global Model on a Cubed Sphere
An adaptive global shallow-water model is proposed on cubed-sphere grid using the multimoment finite volume scheme and the Berger�Oliger adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) algorithm that was originally designed for a Cartesian grid. On each patch of ...
Chungang Chen; Feng Xiao; Xingliang Li
Climate Drift in a Global Ocean General Circulation Model
A global version of the GFDL modular ocean model is forced using conventional restoring boundary conditions (BCs), mixed BCs (i.e., restoring the upper-level temperature but specifying a fixed salt flux), and stochastic fluxes of both heat and ...
Scott B. Power
A Global Nonhydrostatic Semi-Lagrangian Atmospheric Model with Orography
A global nonhydrostatic semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian (SISL) atmospheric model with orography has been developed. The height-based terrain-following ?z coordinate of Gal-Chen and Somerville is used to incorporate the orography. A 3D vector form ...
Jian-Hua Qian; Fredrick H. M. Semazzi; Jeffrey S. Scroggs
A Global Nonhydrostatic Semi-Lagrangian Atmospheric Model without Orography
A semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit finite-difference nonhydrostatic global atmospheric model on a flat terrain has been developed. Starting from the initialized ECMWF analysis of 0000 UTC 15 January 1979, a series of 5-day test runs have been ...
Frederick H. M. Semazzi; Jian-Hua Qian; Jeffrey S. Scroggs
Efficient Three-Dimensional Global Models for Climate Studies: Models I and II
A global atmospheric model is developed with a computational efficiency which allows long-range climate experiments. The model solves the simultaneous equations for conservation of mass, energy and momentum, and the equation of state on a grid. ...
J. Hansen; G. Russell; D. Rind; P. Stone; A. Lacis; S. Lebedeff; R. Ruedy; L. Travis
Regional Climate Models Add Value to Global Model Data: A Review and Selected Examples
An important challenge in current climate modeling is to realistically describe small-scale weather statistics, such as topographic precipitation and coastal wind patterns, or regional phenomena like polar lows. Global climate models simulate atmospheric ...
Frauke Feser; Burkhardt Rockel; Hans von Storch; J�rg Winterfeldt; Matthias Zahn
An Evaluation of Tropical Cyclone Genesis Forecasts from Global Numerical Models
Tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts rely heavily on output from global numerical models. While considerable research has investigated the skill of various models with respect to track and intensity, few studies have considered how well global models ...
Daniel J. Halperin; Henry E. Fuelberg; Robert E. Hart; Joshua H. Cossuth; Philip Sura; Richard J. Pasch
An evaluation of tropical cyclone genesis forecasts from global numerical models
Tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts rely heavily on output from global numerical models. While some research has investigated the skill of various models with respect to track and intensity, few studies have considered how well global models forecast ...
Structuring energy supply and demand networks in a general equilibrium model to simulate global warming control strategies
Global warming control strategies which mandate stringent caps on emissions of greenhouse forcing gases can substantially alter a country's demand, production, and imports of energy products. Although there is a large degree of uncertainty when attempting to estimate the potential impact of these strategies, insights into the problem can be acquired through computer model simulations. This paper presents one method of structuring a general equilibrium model, the ENergy and Power Evaluation Program/Global Climate Change (ENPEP/GCC), to simulate changes in a country's energy supply and demand balance in response to global warming control strategies. The equilibrium model presented in this study is based on the principle of decomposition, whereby a large complex problem is divided into a number of smaller submodules. Submodules simulate energy activities and conversion processes such as electricity production. These submodules are linked together to form an energy supply and demand network. Linkages identify energy and fuel flows among various activities. Since global warming control strategies can have wide reaching effects, a complex network was constructed. The network represents all energy production, conversion, transportation, distribution, and utilization activities. The structure of the network depicts interdependencies within and across economic sectors and was constructed such that energy prices and demand responses can be simulated. Global warming control alternatives represented in the network include: (1) conservation measures through increased efficiency; and (2) substitution of fuels that have high greenhouse gas emission rates with fuels that have lower emission rates. 6 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.
Hamilton, S.; Veselka, T.D.; Cirillo, R.R.
Regional Climates in the GISS Global Circulation Model: Synoptic-Scale Circulation
Model simulations of global climate change are seen as an essential component of any program at understanding human impact on the global environment. A major weakness of current general circulation models (GCMs), however, is their perceived ...
B. Hewitson; R. G. Crane
The Global Monsoon Variability Simulated by CMIP3 Coupled Climate Models
The global monsoon climate variability during the second half of the twentieth century simulated by 21 coupled global climate models (CGCMs) that participated in the World Climate Research Programme�s Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 ...
Hyung-Jin Kim; Bin Wang; Qinghua Ding
Electric Dipole Polarizability in ${}^{208}$Pb: insights from the Droplet Model
We study the electric dipole polarizability $\\alpha_D$ in ${}^{208}$Pb based on the predictions of a large and representative set of relativistic and non-relativistic nuclear mean field models. We adopt the droplet model as a guide to better understand the correlations between $\\alpha_D$ and other isovector observables. Insights from the droplet model suggest that the product of $\\alpha_D$ and the nuclear symmetry energy at saturation density $J$ is much better correlated with the neutron skin thickness $\\Delta r_{np}$ of ${}^{208}$Pb than the polarizability alone. Correlations of $\\alpha_D J$ with $\\Delta r_{np}$ and with the symmetry energy slope parameter $L$ suggest that $\\alpha_D J$ is a strong isovector indicator. Hence, we explore the possibility of constraining the isovector sector of thenuclear energy density functional by comparing our theoretical predictions against measurements of both $\\alpha_D$ and the parity-violating asymmetry in ${}^{208}$Pb. We find that the recent experimental determination of $\\alpha_D$ in ${}^{208}$Pb in combination with the range for the symmetry energy at saturation density $J=[31\\pm (2)_{\\rm est.}]$\\,MeV suggests $\\Delta r_{np}({}^{208}{\\rm Pb}) = 0.165 \\pm (0.009)_{\\rm exp.} \\pm (0.013)_{\\rm theo.} \\pm (0.021)_{\\rm est.} {\\rm fm}$ and $L= 43 \\pm(6)_{\\rm exp.} \\pm (8)_{\\rm theo.}\\pm(12)_{\\rm est.}$ MeV.
X. Roca-Maza; M. Centelles; X. Vi�as; M. Brenna; G. Col�; B. K. Agrawal; N. Paar; J. Piekarewicz; D. Vretenar
Global horizontal irradiance clear sky models : implementation and analysis.
Clear sky models estimate the terrestrial solar radiation under a cloudless sky as a function of the solar elevation angle, site altitude, aerosol concentration, water vapor, and various atmospheric conditions. This report provides an overview of a number of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) clear sky models from very simple to complex. Validation of clear-sky models requires comparison of model results to measured irradiance during clear-sky periods. To facilitate validation, we present a new algorithm for automatically identifying clear-sky periods in a time series of GHI measurements. We evaluate the performance of selected clear-sky models using measured data from 30 different sites, totaling about 300 site-years of data. We analyze the variation of these errors across time and location. In terms of error averaged over all locations and times, we found that complex models that correctly account for all the atmospheric parameters are slightly more accurate than other models, but, primarily at low elevations, comparable accuracy can be obtained from some simpler models. However, simpler models often exhibit errors that vary with time of day and season, whereas the errors for complex models vary less over time.
Stein, Joshua S.; Hansen, Clifford W.; Reno, Matthew J.
Modeling Global Sea Ice with a Thickness and Enthalpy Distribution Model in Generalized Curvilinear Coordinates
A parallel ocean and ice model (POIM) in generalized orthogonal curvilinear coordinates has been developed for global climate studies. The POIM couples the Parallel Ocean Program (POP) with a 12-category thickness and enthalpy distribution (TED) ...
Jinlun Zhang; D. A. Rothrock
An integrated approach to modelling land-use change on continental and global scales
Land-use and land-cover change are important drivers of global environmental change, affecting the state of biodiversity, the global carbon cycle, and other aspects of the earth system. In this article we describe the development of the land-use model ... Keywords: Continental and global scale land-use change modelling, Human-environment interaction, Land-use systems, Model framework
R�diger Schaldach; Joseph Alcamo; Jennifer Koch; Christina K�lking; David M. Lapola; Jan Sch�ngel; J�rg A. Priess
Global dust model intercomparison in AeroCom phase I
Abstract. This study presents the results of a broad intercomparison of a total of 15 global aerosol models within the AeroCom project. Each model is compared to observations related to desert dust aerosols, their direct radiative effect, and their impact on the biogeochemical cycle, i.e., aerosol optical depth (AOD) and dust deposition. Additional comparisons to Angstr�om exponent (AE), coarse mode AOD and dust surface concentrations are included to extend the assessment of model performance and to identify common biases present in models. These data comprise a benchmark dataset that is proposed for model inspection and future dust model development. There are large differences among the global models that simulate the dust cycle and its impact on climate. In general, models simulate the climatology of vertically integrated parameters (AOD and AE) within a factor of two whereas the total deposition and surface concentration are reproduced within a factor of 10. In addition, smaller mean normalized bias and root mean square errors are obtained for the climatology of AOD and AE than for total deposition and surface concentration. Characteristics of the datasets used and their uncertainties may influence these differences. Large uncertainties still exist with respect to the deposition fluxes in the southern oceans. Further measurements and model studies are necessary to assess the general model performance to reproduce dust deposition in ocean regions sensible to iron contributions. Models overestimate the wet deposition in regions dominated by dry deposition. They generally simulate more realistic surface concentration at stations downwind of the main sources than at remote ones. Most models simulate the gradient in AOD and AE between the different dusty regions. However the seasonality and magnitude of both variables is better simulated at African stations than Middle East ones. The models simulate the offshore transport of West Africa throughout the year but they overestimate the AOD and they transport too fine particles. The models also reproduce the dust transport across the Atlantic in the summer in terms of both AOD and AE but not so well in winter-spring nor the southward displacement of the dust cloud that is responsible of the dust transport into South America. Based on the dependency of AOD on aerosol burden and size distribution we use model bias with respect to AOD and AE to infer the bias of the dust emissions in Africa and the Middle East. According to this analysis we suggest that a range of possible emissions for North Africa is 400 to 2200 Tg yr?1 and in the Middle East 26 to 526 Tg yr?1.
Huneeus, N.; Schulz, M.; Balkanski, Y.; Griesfeller, J.; Prospero, J.; Kinne, Stefan; Bauer, S.; Boucher, O.; Chin, M.; Dentener, F.; Diehl, T.; Easter, Richard C.; Fillmore, D.; Ghan, Steven J.; Ginnoux, P.; Grini, A.; Horowitz, L.; Koch, D.; Krol, M.; Landing, W.; Liu, Xiaohong; Mahowald, N.; Miller, R.; Morcrette, J. -J.; Myhre, G.; Penner, J.; Perlwitz, J.; Stier, P.; Takemura, T.; Zender, C. S.
Evaluation of Black Carbon Estimations in Global Aerosol Models
We evaluate black carbon (BC) model predictions from the AeroCom model intercomparison project by considering the diversity among year 2000 model simulations and comparing model predictions with available measurements. These model-measurement intercomparisons include BC surface and aircraft concentrations, aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) from AERONET and OMI retrievals and BC column estimations based on AERONET. In regions other than Asia, most models are biased high compared to surface concentration measurements. However compared with (column) AAOD or BC burden retreivals, the models are generally biased low. The average ratio of model to retrieved AAOD is less than 0.7 in South American and 0.6 in African biomass burning regions; both of these regions lack surface concentration measurements. In Asia the average model to observed ratio is 0.6 for AAOD and 0.5 for BC surface concentrations. Compared with aircraft measurements over the Americas at latitudes between 0 and 50N, the average model is a factor of 10 larger than observed, and most models exceed the measured BC standard deviation in the mid to upper troposphere. At higher latitudes the average model to aircraft BC is 0.6 and underestimate the observed BC loading in the lower and middle troposphere associated with springtime Arctic haze. Low model bias for AAOD but overestimation of surface and upper atmospheric BC concentrations at lower latitudes suggests that most models are underestimating BC absorption and should improve estimates for refractive index, particle size, and optical effects of BC coating. Retrieval uncertainties and/or differences with model diagnostic treatment may also contribute to the model-measurement disparity. Largest AeroCom model diversity occurred in northern Eurasia and the remote Arctic, regions influenced by anthropogenic sources. Changing emissions, aging, removal, or optical properties within a single model generated a smaller change in model predictions than the range represented by the full set of AeroCom models. Upper tropospheric concentrations of BC mass from the aircraft measurements are suggested to provide a unique new benchmark to test scavenging and vertical dispersion of BC in global models.
Koch, D.; Schulz, M.; Kinne, Stefan; McNaughton, C. S.; Spackman, J. R.; Balkanski, Y.; Bauer, S.; Berntsen, T.; Bond, Tami C.; Boucher, Olivier; Chin, M.; Clarke, A. D.; De Luca, N.; Dentener, F.; Diehl, T.; Dubovik, O.; Easter, Richard C.; Fahey, D. W.; Feichter, J.; Fillmore, D.; Freitag, S.; Ghan, Steven J.; Ginoux, P.; Gong, S.; Horowitz, L.; Iversen, T.; Kirkevag, A.; Klimont, Z.; Kondo, Yutaka; Krol, M.; Liu, Xiaohong; Miller, R.; Montanaro, V.; Moteki, N.; Myhre, G.; Penner, J.; Perlwitz, Ja; Pitari, G.; Reddy, S.; Sahu, L.; Sakamoto, H.; Schuster, G.; Schwarz, J. P.; Seland, O.; Stier, P.; Takegawa, Nobuyuki; Takemura, T.; Textor, C.; van Aardenne, John; Zhao, Y.
The GISS Global Climate-Middle Atmosphere Model. Part I: Model Structure and Climatology
The GISS global climate model (Hansen et al.) has been extended to include the middle atmosphere up to an altitude of approximately 85 km. The model has the full array of processes used for climate research, i.e., numerical solutions of the ...
D. Rind; R. Suozzo; N. K. Balachandran; A. Lacis; G. Russell
Global phase diagram of a doped Kitaev-Heisenberg model
The global phase diagram of a doped Kitaev-Heisenberg model is studied using an $SU(2)$ slave-boson mean-field method. Near the Kitaev limit, $p$-wave superconducting states which break the time-reversal symmetry are stabilized as reported by You {\\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. B {\\bf 86}, 085145 (2012)] irrespective of the sign of the Kitaev interaction. By further doping, a $d$-wave superconducting state appears when the Kitaev interaction is antiferromagnetic, while another $p$-wave superconducting state appears when the Kitaev interaction is ferromagnetic. This $p$-wave superconducting state does not break the time-reversal symmetry as reported by Hyart {\\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. B {\\bf 85}, 140510 (2012)], and such a superconducting state also appears when the antiferromagnetic Kitaev interaction and the ferromagnetic Heisenberg interaction compete. This work, thus, demonstrates the clear difference between the antiferromagnetic Kitaev model and the ferromagnetic Kitaev model when carriers are doped while these models are equivalent in the undoped limit, and how novel superconducting states emerge when the Kitaev interaction and the Heisenberg interaction compete.
Okamoto, Satoshi [ORNL
In this work, we present a comprehensive observation and modeling analysis of the 2010 June 13 extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wave observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Due to extreme advances in cadence, resolution, and bandpass coverage in the EUV regime, the AIA instrument offers an unprecedented ability to observe the dynamics of large-scale coronal wave-like transients known as EUV waves. To provide a physical analysis and further complement observational insight, we conduct a three-dimensional, time-dependent thermodynamic MHD simulation of the eruption and associated EUV wave, and employ forward modeling of EUV observables to compare the results directly observations. We focus on two main aspects: (1) the interpretation of the stark thermodynamic signatures in the multi-filter AIA data within the propagating EUV wave front, and (2) an in-depth analysis of the simulation results and their implication with respect to EUV wave theories. Multiple aspects, including the relative phases of perturbed variables, suggest that the outer, propagating component of the EUV transient exhibits the behavior of a fast-mode wave. We also find that this component becomes decoupled from the evolving structures associated with the coronal mass ejection that are also visible, providing a clear distinction between wave and non-wave mechanisms at play.
Downs, Cooper; Roussev, Ilia I.; Lugaz, Noe [Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, at Manoa, 2680 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822 (United States); Van der Holst, Bart; Sokolov, Igor V., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States)
Execution of a Global Cloud Resolving Model (GCRM) at target resolutions of 2-4 km will generate, at a minimum, 10s of Gigabytes of data per variable per snapshot. Writing this data to disk without creating a serious bottleneck in the execution of the GCRM code while also supporting efficient post-execution data analysis is a significant challenge. This paper discusses an Input/Output (IO) application programmer interface (API) for the GCRM that efficiently moves data from the model to disk while maintaining support for community standard formats, avoiding the creation of very large numbers of files, and supporting efficient analysis. Several aspects of the API will be discussed in detail. First, we discuss the output data layout which linearizes the data in a consistent way that is independent of the number of processors used to run the simulation and provides a convenient format for subsequent analyses of the data. Second, we discuss the flexible API interface that enables modelers to easily add variables to the output stream by specifying where in the GCRM code these variables are located and to flexibly configure the choice of outputs and distribution of data across files. The flexibility of the API is designed to allow model developers to add new data fields to the output as the model develops and new physics is added and also provides a mechanism for allowing users of the GCRM code itself to adjust the output frequency and the number of fields written depending on the needs of individual calculations. Third, we describe the mapping to the NetCDF data model with an emphasis on the grid description. Fourth, we describe our messaging algorithms and IO aggregation strategies that are used to achieve high bandwidth while simultaneously writing concurrently from many processors to shared files. We conclude with initial performance results.
Palmer, Bruce J.; Koontz, Annette S.; Schuchardt, Karen L.; Heikes, Ross P.; Randall, David A.
Cosmic-ray Driven Outflows in Global Galaxy Disk Models
Galactic-scale winds are a generic feature of massive galaxies with high star formation rates across a broad range of redshifts. Despite their importance, a detailed physical understanding of what drives these mass-loaded global flows has remained elusive. In this paper, we explore the dynamical impact of cosmic rays by performing the first three-dimensional, adaptive mesh refinement simulations of an isolated starbursting galaxy that includes a basic model for the production, dynamics and diffusion of galactic cosmic rays. We find that including cosmic rays naturally leads to robust, massive, bipolar outflows from our 10^12 Msun halo, with a mass-loading factor Mout/SFR = 0.3 for our fiducial run. Other reasonable parameter choices led to mass-loading factors above unity. The wind is multiphase and is accelerated to velocities well in excess of the escape velocity. We employ a two-fluid model for the thermal gas and relativistic CR plasma and model a range of physics relevant to galaxy formation, including r...
Salem, Munier
A simple model for evolution of proteins towards the global minimum of free energy
A simple model for evolution of proteins towards the global minimum of free energy Tamar Kaffe-Abramovich and Ron Unger Background: Proteins seem to have their native structure in a global minimum of free energy is in the global minimum of free energy. The aim of this study is to investigate such evolutionary processes
Unger, Ron
The Global Hydrological Cycle and Atmospheric Shortwave Absorption in Climate Models under CO2 Forcing
The spread among the predictions by climate models for the strengthening of the global hydrological cycle [i.e., the global mean surface latent heat flux (LH), or, equivalently, precipitation] at a given level of CO2-induced global warming is of ...
Ken Takahashi
An evolving collaborative model of working in students' global software development projects
This paper describes the evolution of the collaborative model of working of our annual global software development project that started in 2005. The global software development project unites students from up to five countries with different roles to ... Keywords: agile methodologies, communication, global software development, scrum, software engineering
Christelle Scharff
An Analysis of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves in 20 WCRP CMIP3 Global Coupled Climate Models
Output from 20 coupled global climate models is analyzed to determine whether convectively coupled Kelvin waves exist in the models, and, if so, how their horizontal and vertical structures compare to observations. Model data are obtained from ...
Katherine H. Straub; Patrick T. Haertel; George N. Kiladis
Honda Insight Fleet and Accelerated Reliability Testing
Gen II Insight HEV Accelerated Testing - August 2012 Two model year 2010 Honda Generation II Insight hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) entered Accelerated testing during July 2009 in...
Model selection with considering the CO2 emission alone the global supply chain
This study formulates a model for analyzing eco-environmental impact on global supply chain network. The multi-criteria optimization model is applied to seek optimal solutions that not only can achieve predetermined objectives, but also can satisfy constraints ... Keywords: CO2 emission, Environmental management, Global supply chain, Integer linear programming, Multi-criteria optimization model, Supply chain management
Thi Phuong Le; Tzong-Ru Lee
Local Versus Nonlocal Boundary-Layer Diffusion in a Global Climate Model
The results of a local and a nonlocal scheme for vertical diffusion in the atmospheric boundary layer are compared within the context of a global climate model. The global model is an updated version of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM2). ...
A. A. M. Holtslag; B. A. Boville
An efficient integrated approach for global sensitivity analysis of hydrological model parameters
Efficient sensitivity analysis, particularly for the global sensitivity analysis (GSA) to identify the most important or sensitive parameters, is crucial for understanding complex hydrological models, e.g., distributed hydrological models. In this paper, ... Keywords: DTVGM, Global sensitivity analysis, RSMSobol' method, Response surface model, Statistical emulator
Che-Sheng Zhan; Xiao-Meng Song; Jun Xia; Charles Tong
The Physical Properties of the Atmosphere in the New Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model (HadGEM1). Part I: Model Description and Global Climatology
The atmospheric component of the new Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model (HadGEM1) is described and an assessment of its mean climatology presented. HadGEM1 includes substantially improved representations of physical processes, increased ...
G. M. Martin; M. A. Ringer; V. D. Pope; A. Jones; C. Dearden; T. J. Hinton
Evaluating Aspects of the Community Land and Atmosphere Models (CLM3 and CAM3) Using a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model
The Community Land Model version 3 (CLM3) Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (CLM�DGVM) is used diagnostically to identify land and atmospheric model biases that lead to biases in the simulated vegetation. The CLM�DGVM driven with observed ...
Gordon B. Bonan; Samuel Levis
Climate-Weather Modeling Studies Using a Prototype Global Cloud-System
Climate-Weather Modeling Studies Using a Prototype Global Cloud-System Resolving Model Climate-Weather Modeling Studies Using a Prototype Global Cloud-System Resolving Model Climate-Weather Modeling Studies Using a Prototype Global Cloud-System Resolving Model PI Name: Venkatramani Balaji PI Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Institution: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Allocation Program: ESP Allocation Hours at ALCF: 150 Million Year: 2010 to 2013 Research Domain: Earth Science We expect our understanding of the role of clouds in climate to undergo a qualitative change as the resolutions of global models begin to encompass clouds. At these resolutions, non-hydrostatic dynamics become significant and deep convective processes are resolved. We are poised at the threshold of being able to run global scale simulations that include direct, non-parameterized, simulations of deep convective clouds. The goal of this
Dynamic balances within tropical plumes in a global barotropic model
Tropical plumes are a common synoptic scale feature over the Eastern Pacific associated with subtropical jet and ITCZ intensifications. Because of data sparseness, operational analysis has yielded little information of the details of the tropical plume formation process. Tropical plumes have been simulated in a global 200 mb shallow water model with a realistic basic state (Blackwell 1990). Diagnostic budgets were calculated based on model output for absolute vorticity, divergence, and kinetic energy. Also, the movement of the zero absolute vorticity isopleth during plume formation is examined. This information is compared for cases with plume formation, without plume formation, and the basic state. Budget results indicate the convergent forcing center, when located near a strong absolute vorticity gradient, creates an equatorial Rossby wave source. This source generates a large scale, quasi-stationary equatorial Rossby wave which, if located near the ambient eastern Pacific trough, strengthens this trough into the tropics. As the trough strengthens, it displaces the vorticity gradient equatorward into the cmvergence forcing region. This vorticity gradient encroaches upon the forcing region and creates a second Rossby wave source. This generates a second, smaller scale Rossby wave which propagates to the northeast along the axis of strong vorticity gradient. This Rossby wave is highly divergent in nature, due to the model's small Rossby radius of deformation. The accompanying train of convergence/divergence centers distorts the potential trough to create significant cross contour flow, which accelerates the subtropical jet to the east of the trough, resulting in a tropical plume. This study indicates the Rossby wave and accompanying cross contour and ageostrophic flow adequately explain the formation of all three key tropical plume features.
Vest, Gerry Wilson
Water Vapor Variability Across Spatial Scales: Insights for Theory, Parameterization, and Model Assessment
3 Spatial Structure Function Analysis of Very Tall Tower 3.1as observed from a very tall tower. Global Change Biology,mea- surements from a tall tower. Extended Abstracts, 13th
Pressel, Kyle Gregory
Applied Dynamic Analysis of the Global Economy (ADAGE) Model | Open Energy
Applied Dynamic Analysis of the Global Economy (ADAGE) Model Applied Dynamic Analysis of the Global Economy (ADAGE) Model Jump to: navigation, search LEDSGP green logo.png FIND MORE DIA TOOLS This tool is part of the Development Impacts Assessment (DIA) Toolkit from the LEDS Global Partnership. Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Applied Dynamic Analysis of the Global Economy (ADAGE) Model Agency/Company /Organization: Research Triangle Institute Sector: Climate, Energy Topics: Co-benefits assessment, - Macroeconomic, Pathways analysis Resource Type: Software/modeling tools User Interface: Desktop Application Complexity/Ease of Use: Advanced Website: www.rti.org/page.cfm?objectid=DDC06637-7973-4B0F-AC46B3C69E09ADA9 RelatedTo: Electricity Markets Analysis (EMA) Model Cost: Paid Applied Dynamic Analysis of the Global Economy (ADAGE) Model Screenshot
Tuning collective communication for Partitioned Global Address Space programming models
Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) languages offer programmers the convenience of a shared memory programming style combined with locality control necessary to run on large-scale distributed memory systems. Even within a PGAS language programmers ... Keywords: Collective communication, One-sided communication, Partitioned Global Address Space languages
Rajesh Nishtala; Yili Zheng; Paul H. Hargrove; Katherine A. Yelick
The Estimation of Hourly Global Solar Radiation Using a Cloud Cover Model Developed at Blytheville, Arkansas
The lack of a comprehensive solar radiation monitoring network throughout the United States has led to extensive modeling. Some of the models use a measured component, usually the global solar radiation, to predict the other components, direct ...
W. D. Turner; Abdulaziz Mujahid
A Double Fourier Series (DFS) Dynamical Core in a Global Atmospheric Model with Full Physics
This study describes an application of the double Fourier series (DFS) spectral method developed by Cheong as an alternative dynamical option in a model system that was ported into the Global/Regional Integrated Model System (GRIMs). A message ...
Hoon Park; Song-You Hong; Hyeong-Bin Cheong; Myung-Seo Koo
Sea Surface Height Predictions from the Global Navy Coastal Ocean Model during 1998�2001
A ?� global version of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM), operational at the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), is used for prediction of sea surface height (SSH) on daily and monthly time scales during 1998�2001. Model simulations that ...
Charlie N. Barron; A. Birol Kara; Harley E. Hurlburt; C. Rowley; Lucy F. Smedstad
Evaluation of Northern Hemisphere Blocking Climatology in the Global Environment Multiscale Model
The performance of the Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) model, the Canadian operational numerical model, in reproducing atmospheric low-frequency variability is evaluated in the context of Northern Hemisphere blocking climatology. The ...
Etienne Dunn-Sigouin; Seok-Woo Son; Hai Lin
Accelerating Progress in Global Atmospheric Model Development through Improved Parameterizations: Challenges, Opportunities, and Strategies
Meeting societal needs in weather, seasonal, and decadal prediction and climate projection requires a continuous improvement of the main tools used in making the predictions�global models of the Earth system. Despite significant progress in model ...
Christian Jakob
Aerosol Properties and Processes: A Path from Field and Laboratory Measurements to Global Climate Models
Aerosol particles in the lower atmosphere exert a substantial influence on climate and climate change through a variety of complex mechanisms. Consequently, there is a need to represent these influences in global climate models, and models have ...
Steven J. Ghan; Stephen E. Schwartz
Experimental Tropical Cyclone Prediction Using the GFDL 25-km-Resolution Global Atmospheric Model
This paper describes a forecasting configuration of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) High-resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM). HiRAM represents an early attempt in unifying, within a global modeling framework, the capabilities of ...
Jeffrey S. Gall; Isaac Ginis; Shian-Jiann Lin; Timothy P. Marchok; Jan-Huey Chen
A Global Model for the Diapycnal Diffusivity Induced by Internal Gravity Waves
An energetically consistent model for the diapycnal diffusivity induced by breaking of internal gravity waves is proposed and tested in local and global settings. The model [Internal Wave Dissipation, Energy and Mixing (IDEMIX)] is based on the ...
Dirk Olbers; Carsten Eden
A Three-Dimensional Time-Dependent Global Model of the Thermosphere
A global, three-dimensional, time-dependent numerical model of the thermosphere has been created to simulate the dynamical behavior of the earth's thermosphere under a wide variety of geophysical conditions. Comparison of the model's predictions ...
T. J. Fuller-Rowell; D. Rees
Improved Ground Hydrology Calculations for Global Climate Models (GCMs): Soil Water Movement and Evapotranspiration
A physically based ground hydrology model is developed to improve the land-surface sensible and latent heat calculations in global climate models (GCMs). The processes of transpiration, evaporation from intercepted precipitation and dew, ...
F. Abramopoulos; C. Rosenzweig; B. Choudhury
A Double Fourier Series (DFS) Dynamic Core in a Global Atmospheric Model with Full Physics
This study describes an application of the double Fourier series (DFS) spectral method developed by Cheong (2006) as an alternative dynamic option in a model system that was ported in the Global/Regional Integrated Model system (GRIMs). A message-...
GFDL's CM2 Global Coupled Climate Models. Part I: Formulation and Simulation Characteristics
The formulation and simulation characteristics of two new global coupled climate models developed at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) are described. The models were designed to simulate atmospheric and oceanic climate and ...
Thomas L. Delworth; Anthony J. Broccoli; Anthony Rosati; Ronald J. Stouffer; V. Balaji; John A. Beesley; William F. Cooke; Keith W. Dixon; John Dunne; K. A. Dunne; Jeffrey W. Durachta; Kirsten L. Findell; Paul Ginoux; Anand Gnanadesikan; C. T. Gordon; Stephen M. Griffies; Rich Gudgel; Matthew J. Harrison; Isaac M. Held; Richard S. Hemler; Larry W. Horowitz; Stephen A. Klein; Thomas R. Knutson; Paul J. Kushner; Amy R. Langenhorst; Hyun-Chul Lee; Shian-Jiann Lin; Jian Lu; Sergey L. Malyshev; P. C. D. Milly; V. Ramaswamy; Joellen Russell; M. Daniel Schwarzkopf; Elena Shevliakova; Joseph J. Sirutis; Michael J. Spelman; William F. Stern; Michael Winton; Andrew T. Wittenberg; Bruce Wyman; Fanrong Zeng; Rong Zhang
Validation of the Global Relocatable Tide/Surge Model PCTides
The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed a global, relocatable, tide/surge forecast system called PCTides. This system was designed in response to a U.S. Navy requirement to rapidly produce tidal predictions anywhere in the world. The ...
Pamela G. Posey; Richard A. Allard; Ruth H. Preller; Gretchen M. Dawson
Global Modeling of the Contrail and Contrail Cirrus Climate Impact
Despite considerable technological advances, aviation impacts on global climate are significant and may constitute a future constraint on the continued growth of air travel. The most important but least understood component in aviation climate ...
Ulrike Burkhardt; Bernd K�rcher; Ulrich Schumann
Structural insight into SoxC and SoxD interaction and their role in electron transport process in the novel global sulfur cycle in Paracoccus pantotrophus
Microbial oxidation of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds mainly sulfur anions in the environment is one of the major reactions of the global sulfur cycle mediated by phylogenetically diverse prokaryotes. The sulfur oxidizing gene cluster (sox) of {alpha}-Proteobacteria comprises of at least 16 genes, which form two transcriptional units, viz., soxSRT and soxVWXYZABCDEFGH. Sequence analysis reveals that soxD gene product (SoxD) belongs to the di-heme cytochrome c family of electron transport proteins whereas soxC gene product (SoxC) is a sulfur dehydrogenase. We employed homology modeling to construct the three-dimensional structures of the SoxC and SoxD from Paracoccus pantotrophus. SoxD protein is known to interact with SoxC. With the help of docking studies we have identified the residues involved in the interaction of SoxC and SoxD. The putative active site geometries of these two proteins as well as the structural basis of the involvements of these proteins in electron transport process during the oxidation of sulfur anions are also investigated.
Bagchi, Angshuman [Bioinformatics Center, Bose Institute, AJC Bose Centenary Building, P1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700 054 (India)]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Roy, Pradosh [Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, AJC Bose Centenary Building, P1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700 054 (India)]. E-mail: email@example.com
Medium Range Prediction by a GFDL Global Spectral Model: Results for Three Winter Cases and Sensitivity to Dissipation
A preliminary evaluation is made of the medium range predictive capability of a GFDL global spectral model of the atmosphere, based upon three winter blocking cases. Analogous forecasts by a GFDL global grid point model provide a background ...
Charles T. Gordon; William P. Stern
The Impact of Parameterized Subgrid-Scale Orographic Forcing on Systematic Errors in a Global NWP Model
The global momentum budget for December 1993, diagnosed from a series of two-time-step integrations of the U.K. Meteorological Office global Unified Model, suggests that the parameterized mechanical dissipation in the model is underestimated. The ...
S. F. Milton; C. A. Wilson
Global multi-model analysis of drought in runoff for the second half of the 20th century
During the past decades large-scale models have been developed to simulate global and continental terrestrial water cycles. It is an open question whether these models are suitable to capture hydrological drought, in terms of runoff, on global ...
M. H. J. van Huijgevoort; P. Hazenberg; H. A. J. van Lanen; A. J. Teuling; D. B. Clark; S. Folwell; S. N. Gosling; N. Hanasaki; J. Heinke; S. Koirala; T. Stacke; F. Voss; J. Sheffield; R. Uijlenhoet
A Global Semi-Implicit Semi-Lagrangian Shallow-Water Model on Locally Refined Grids
A variable-resolution global shallow-water model has been developed. The scheme makes use of a two-time-level semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian discretization, and the variable-resolution grid is composed of a basic global uniform coarser grid, ...
Saulo R. M. Barros; Claudia I. Garcia
Development Testing of the Global Climate Model CESM/CAM | Argonne
Development Testing of the Global Climate Model CESM/CAM Development Testing of the Global Climate Model CESM/CAM Event Sponsor: Argonne Leadership Computing Facility Seminar Start Date: Dec 16 2013 - 10:30am Building/Room: Building 240/Room 4301 Location: Argonne National Laboratory Speaker(s): Chris A. Fischer Speaker(s) Title: National Center for Atmospheric Research The Community Earth System Model (CESM) and Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) are community models involving several different developers. With so many different developers it becomes imperative to carry out continuous testing during development. I'll provide a brief introduction to CESM and CAM then cover the testing that is being carried out on both. The Community Earth System Model (CESM) is a global climate model used to predict past, present and future climates. CESM is a fully couple model,
Equatorial Circulation of a Global Ocean Climate Model with Anisotropic Horizontal Viscosity
Horizontal momentum flux in a global ocean climate model is formulated as an anisotropic viscosity with two spatially varying coefficients. This friction can be made purely dissipative, does not produce unphysical torques, and satisfies the ...
William G. Large; Gokhan Danabasoglu; James C. McWilliams; Peter R. Gent; Frank O. Bryan
The Operational Global Icosahedral�Hexagonal Gridpoint Model GME: Description and High-Resolution Tests
The German Weather Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst) has recently developed a new operational global numerical weather prediction model, named GME, based on an almost uniform icosahedral�hexagonal grid. The GME gridpoint approach avoids the ...
Detlev Majewski; D�rte Liermann; Peter Prohl; Bodo Ritter; Michael Buchhold; Thomas Hanisch; Gerhard Paul; Werner Wergen; John Baumgardner
An Improved Land Surface Emissivity Parameter for Land Surface Models Using Global Remote Sensing Observations
Because land surface emissivity (?) has not been reliably measured, global climate model (GCM) land surface schemes conventionally set this parameter as simply constant, for example, 1 as in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (...
Menglin Jin; Shunlin Liang
The Skill of Precipitation and Surface Temperature Forecasts by the NMC Global Model during DERF II
This study assesses the skill of forecasts of precipitation and surface temperature by the National Meteorological Center's (NMC) global model in the 108 consecutive 30-day forecasts [known as Dynamical Extended Range Forecast II (DERF II)] that ...
Glenn H. White; Eugenia Kalnay; Rodney Gardner; Masao Kanamitsu
A Reduced Spectral Transform for the NCEP Seasonal Forecast Global Spectral Atmospheric Model
A reduced spectral transformation is applied to the NCEP atmospheric global spectral model for operational seasonal forecasts. The magnitude of the associated Legendre coefficient provides a basis for this new transformation, which is a simple ...
Hann-Ming Henry Juang
Diffusion Experiments with a Global Discontinuous Galerkin Shallow-Water Model
A second-order diffusion scheme is developed for the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) global shallow-water model. The shallow-water equations are discretized on the cubed sphere tiled with quadrilateral elements relying on a nonorthogonal curvilinear ...
Ramachandran D. Nair
Emission Scenario Dependency of Precipitation on Global Warming in the MIROC3.2 Model
The precipitation sensitivity per 1 K of global warming in twenty-first-century climate projections is smaller in an emission scenario with larger greenhouse gas concentrations and aerosol emissions, according to the Model for Interdisciplinary ...
Hideo Shiogama; Seita Emori; Kiyoshi Takahashi; Tatsuya Nagashima; Tomoo Ogura; Toru Nozawa; Toshihiko Takemura
Global Climate and Ocean Circulation on an Aquaplanet Ocean�Atmosphere General Circulation Model
A low-resolution coupled ocean�atmosphere general circulation model (OAGCM) is used to study the characteristics of the large-scale ocean circulation and its climatic impacts in a series of global coupled aquaplanet experiments. Three ...
Robin S. Smith; Clotilde Dubois; Jochem Marotzke
A Global Database of Land Surface Parameters at 1-km Resolution in Meteorological and Climate Models
Ecoclimap, a new complete surface parameter global dataset at a 1-km resolution, is presented. It is intended to be used to initialize the soil�vegetation�atmosphere transfer schemes (SVATs) in meteorological and climate models (at all horizontal ...
Val�ry Masson; Jean-Louis Champeaux; Fabrice Chauvin; Christelle Meriguet; Roselyne Lacaze
Development and Initial Test of the University of Wisconsin Global Isentropic�Sigma Model
The description of a global version of the University of Wisconsin (UW) hybrid isentropic-sigma (? ? ?) model and the results from an initial numerical weather prediction experiment are presented in this paper. The main objectives of this initial ...
Tom H. Zapotocny; Donald R. Johnson; Fred M. Reames
Southern Ocean Response to Strengthening Winds in an Eddy-Permitting Global Climate Model
A global climate model with horizontal resolutions in the ocean ranging from relatively coarse to eddy permitting is used to investigate the resolution dependence of the Southern Ocean response to poleward intensifying winds through the past and ...
Paul Spence; John C. Fyfe; Alvaro Montenegro; Andrew J. Weaver
Global Data on Land Surface Parameters from NOAA AVHRR for Use in Numerical Climate Models
This paper reviews satellite datasets from the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer that could be employed in support of numerical climate modeling at regional and global scales. Presently available NOAA operational and research datasets ...
G. Garik Gutman
Transient Response of a Global Ocean-Atmosphere Model to a Doubling of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
The transient response of climate to an instantaneous increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has been investigated by a general circulation model of the coupled ocean-atmosphere-land system with global geography and annual ...
Syukuro Manabe; Kirk Bryan; Michael J. Spelman
Investigating Global Tropical Cyclone Activity with a Hierarchy of AGCMs: The Role of Model Resolution
The ability to run general circulation models (GCMs) at ever-higher horizontal resolutions has meant that tropical cyclone simulations are increasingly credible. A hierarchy of atmosphere-only GCMs, based on the Hadley Centre Global Environmental ...
Jane Strachan; Pier Luigi Vidale; Kevin Hodges; Malcolm Roberts; Marie-Estelle Demory
Performance of the United Kingdom Meteorological Office Global Model in Predicting the Movement of Tropical Cyclones
A detailed evaluation of the performance of the United Kingdom Meteorological Office Global Model (UKMO) in predicting the movement of 15 tropical cyclones (TCs) that occurred over the western North Pacific during 1987 is presented. The ...
Johnny C. L. Chan; Wai-Kau Kay
A Comparison of Soil-Moisture Sensitivity in Two Global Climate Models
Area-averaged surface hydrological processes from two global spectral general circulation climate models coupled to simple slab-ocean mixed layers are compared for the climates simulated with present-day (control) and increased atmospheric carbon ...
Gerald A. Meehl; Warren M. Washington
A Three-Dimensional, Adaptive, Godunov-Type Model for Global Atmospheric Flows
In this paper a Godunov-type methodology is applied to three-dimensional global atmospheric modeling. Numerical issues are addressed regarding the formulation of the tracer advection problem, the application of dimensional splitting, and the ...
M. E. Hubbard; N. Nikiforakis
Photochemical Numerics for Global-Scale Modeling: Fidelity and GCM Testing
Atmospheric photochemistry lies at the heart of global-scale pollution problems, but it is a nonlinear system embedded in nonlinear transport and so must be modeled in three dimensions. Total earth grids are massive and kinetics require dozens of ...
Scott Elliott; Xuepeng Zhao; Richard P. Turco; Chih-Yue Jim Kao; Mei Shen
The 1998 Oklahoma�Texas Drought: Mechanistic Experiments with NCEP Global and Regional Models
This study presents results from mechanistic experiments to clarify the origin and maintenance of the Oklahoma�Texas (OK�TX) drought of the 1998 summer, using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) global and regional models. In ...
Song-You Hong; Eugenia Kalnay
Modeling the Dynamics of Desakota Regions: Global - Local Nexus in the Taipei Metropolitan Area
Since the 1970s, Asia has experienced rapid urbanization processes, which are distinct from U.S. society, and the direction of Asian urbanization is more strongly affected by economic globalization. The desakota model, proposed by McGee and Ginsburg in 1991, focuses on how internal domestic and local forces drive the specific rural-urban transformation in Asia. However, the McGee-Ginsburg model does not emphasize the importance of globalization on Asian urbanization. To fill the gap, this study develops a GIS-based CA framework based on the desakota model to not only simulate the unique urbanization processes in Asia but also integrate the influence of globalization into Asian urban dynamics. Three approaches are developed in the CA simulation: 1) physical constraints and land-use classification from remotely sensed images in 1993, 2000, and 2008, are incorporated into micro-scale transformation; 2) population dynamics, shifts of economic activities, and foreign direct investment (FDIs), a representative of the impact of globalization, are applied for multi-scale interconnection; 3) the Monte Carlo mechanism is finally introduced to combine the above two approaches and implement the simulation process. The Taipei metropolitan area, a rapid urbanizing region that highly interacts with the global economy in Asia, is chosen to examine this model. The CA simulation model establishes a strong interaction between FDIs, an indicator representing impacts of globalization, and the dazzling Asian urban model. The combination of multi-scale economic factors and micro-scale land-use transformation also reveals how urban growth of the Taipei metropolis in recent years fits the characterization of the desakota model, and how desakota regions, the growth generators, interact with city cores. As a result, the research not only successfully links the influence of globalization with the desakota model and simulates urban dynamics of Asian cities but also provides scenarios of different FDI inputs for governments to better handle urban growth with global impacts under the deep economic recession since 2007.
Wu, Bing-Sheng
Detailed and global chemical kinetics model for hydrogen
Detailed and global chemical kinetic computations for hydrogen-air mixtures have been performed to describe flame propagation, flame structure and ignition phenomena. Simulations of laminar flame speeds, flame compositions and shock tube ignition delay times have been successfully performed. Sensitivity analysis was applied to determine the governing rate-controlling reactions for the experimental data sets examined. In the flame propagation and structure studies, the reactions, OH + H{sub 2} = H{sub 2}0 + H, 0 + H{sub 2} = OH + H and 0 + OH = 0{sub 2} + H were the most important in flames. The shock tube ignition delay time study indicated the H + 0{sub 2} + M = H0{sub 2} + M (M = N{sub 2}, H{sub 2}) and 0 + OH = 0{sub 2} + H reactions controlled ignition. A global rate expression for a one-step overall reaction was developed and validated against experimental hydrogen-air laminar flame speed data. The global reaction expression was determined to be 1.8 {times} 10{sup 13} exp({minus}17614K/T)[H{sub 2}]{sup 1.0}[O{sub 2}]{sup 0.5} for the single step reaction H{sub 2} + 1/2O{sub 2} = H{sub 2}O.
Marinov, N.M.; Westbrook, C.K.; Pitz, W.J.
Energy Insight | Open Energy Information
Energy Insight Energy Insight Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Energy Insight Agency/Company /Organization: Tendril Connect Sector: Energy Focus Area: Energy Efficiency Resource Type: Software/modeling tools User Interface: Website Website: greenbuttonconnect.com/home Web Application Link: greenbuttonconnect.com/apps/energyinsight/? OpenEI Keyword(s): Green Button Apps Language: English Energy Insight Screenshot References: Tendril[1] Green Button Connect[2] Logo: Energy Insight An application that analyzes and presents your energy data in easy-to-understand charts. Energy Insight enables you to dynamically sort the chart data using a variety of time periods: hourly, daily, monthly. In addition to the charts, the Energy Insight application can display your
The Lagrangian View of South Atlantic Interocean Exchange in a Global Ocean Model Compared with Inverse Model Results
Data from a global ocean general circulation model (OCCAM) has been used to investigate the interocean exchange of thermocline and intermediate waters in the South Atlantic Ocean. To resolve the pathways between different ocean basins a ...
J. Donners; S. S. Drijfhout
Global Ocean Surface Wave Simulation Using a Coupled Atmosphere�Wave Model
This study describes a 29-yr (1981�2009) global ocean surface gravity wave simulation generated by a coupled atmosphere�wave model using NOAA/GFDL�s High-Resolution Atmosphere Model (HiRAM) and the WAVEWATCH III surface wave model developed and ...
Yalin Fan; Shian-Jiann Lin; Isaac M. Held; Zhitao Yu; Hendrik L. Tolman
A Global Model of Technological Utilization Based on Governmental, Business-Investment, Social, and Economic Factors
This exploratory paper presents a conceptual model of the factors of governmental support and openness, business and technology investment, and socioeconomic level that are posited to influence technological utilization. The conceptual model and conjectures ... Keywords: Global Digital Divide, Government Investment, Societal Openness, Socioeconomic Factors, Structural Equation Modeling, Technological Utilization
James Pick; Rasool Azari
Global and regional aspects of tropical cyclone activity in the CMIP5 models
Tropical cyclone (TC) activity is analyzed in 14 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models. The global TC activity in the historical runs is compared with observations. The simulation of TC activity in the CMIP5 models is not as ...
Suzana J. Camargo
Comparison of Arctic Climate Simulations by Uncoupled and Coupled Global Models
Simulations of present-day Arctic climate are assessed from suites of 1) 13 global atmosphere-only models from the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-II) and 2) 8 coupled atmosphere�ocean�ice models from the Data Distribution Center ...
John E. Walsh; Vladimir M. Kattsov; William L. Chapman; Veronika Govorkova; Tatyana Pavlova
Local and Global Climate Feedbacks in Models with Differing Climate Sensitivities
The climatic response to a 5% increase in solar constant is analyzed in three coupled global ocean�atmosphere general circulation models, the NCAR Climate System Model version 1 (CSM1), the Community Climate System Model version 2 (CCSM2), and ...
Markus Stowasser; Kevin Hamilton; George J. Boer
Modeling aviation's global emissions, uncertainty analysis, and applications to policy
(cont.) fuel burn results below 3000 ft. For emissions, the emissions indices were the most influential uncertainties for the variance in model outputs. By employing the model, this thesis examined three policy options for ...
Lee, Joosung Joseph, 1974-
Exploring a Global Multiresolution Modeling Approach Using Aquaplanet Simulations
Results from aquaplanet experiments performed using the Model for Prediction across Scales (MPAS) hydrostatic dynamical core implemented within the Department of Energy (DOE)�NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) are presented. MPAS is an ...
Sara A. Rauscher; Todd D. Ringler; William C. Skamarock; Arthur A. Mirin
California Wintertime Precipitation Bias in Regional and Global Climate Models
In this paper, wintertime precipitation from a variety of observational datasets, regional climate models (RCMs), and general circulation models (GCMs) is averaged over the state of California and compared. Several averaging methodologies are ...
Peter Caldwell
Climate Models from the Joint Global Change Research Institute
DOE Data Explorer (OSTI)
�\tEPIC - (aka WinEPIC) The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) Model is a process-based agricultural systems model composed of simulation components for weather, hydrology, nutrient cycling, pesticide fate, tillage, crop growth, soil erosion, crop and soil management and economics. Staff at PNNL have been involved in the development of this model by integrating new sub-models for soil carbon dynamics and nitrogen cycling.
Biogeochemistry of the Amazonian Floodplains: Insights from Six End-Member Mixing Models
The influence of Amazonian floodplains on the hydrological, sedimentary, and biogeochemical river budget was investigated along the Vargem Grande��bidos reach, by applying six mixing models based on variable regional and/or variable hydrological ...
Vincent Bustillo; Reynaldo Luiz Victoria; Jose Mauro Sousa de Moura; Daniel de Castro Victoria; Andre Marcondes Andrade Toledo; Erich Collicchio
The Sun's Global Photospheric and Coronal Magnetic Fields: Observations and Models
In this review, our present day understanding of the Sun's global photospheric and coronal magnetic fields is discussed from both observational and theoretical viewpoints. Firstly, the large-scale properties of photospheric magnetic fields are described, along with recent advances in photospheric magnetic flux transport models. Following this, the wide variety of theoretical models used to simulate global coronal magnetic fields are described. From this, the combined application of both magnetic flux transport simulations and coronal modeling techniques to describe the phenomena of coronal holes, the Sun's open magnetic flux and the hemispheric pattern of solar filaments is discussed. Finally, recent advances in non-eruptive global MHD models are described. While the review focuses mainly on solar magnetic fields, recent advances in measuring and modeling stellar magnetic fields are described where appropriate. In the final section key areas of future research are identified.
Mackay, D H
Global Retrospective Estimation of Soil Moisture Using the Variable Infiltration Capacity Land Surface Model, 1980�93
A daily set of surface meteorological forcings, model-derived surface moisture fluxes, and state variables for global land areas for the period of 1979�93 is described. The forcing dataset facilitates global simulations and evaluation of land ...
Bart Nijssen; Reiner Schnur; Dennis P. Lettenmaier
Multiscaling in Hall-Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence: Insights from a Shell Model
We show that a shell-model version of the three-dimensional Hall-magnetohydrodynamic (3D Hall-MHD) equations provides a natural theoretical model for investigating the multiscaling behaviors of velocity and magnetic structure functions. We carry out extensive numerical studies of this shell model, obtain the scaling exponents for its structure functions, in both the low-$k$ and high-$k$ power-law ranges of 3D Hall-MHD, and find that the extended-self-similarity (ESS) procedure is helpful in extracting the multiscaling nature of structure functions in the high-$k$ regime, which otherwise appears to display simple scaling. Our results shed light on intriguing solar-wind measurements.
Debarghya Banerjee; Samriddhi Sankar Ray; Ganapati Sahoo; Rahul Pandit
Computer demonstration of an interactive modeling system for the study of global change and biogeochemistry
There is a need for visually oriented materials to aid in the study of global ecological science. Analysis of the carbon cycle is key to understanding Potential climate change. We have used satellite imagery along with global climate and soil texture data sets to simulate seasonal patterns in net carbon fixation and soil CO[sub 2] production. An interactive computer system is used to illustrate graphical results from various model scenarios of climate warming and land use change. These include global animations of monthly gridded CO[sub 2] exchange between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere. This modeling demonstration highlights the importance of annual CO[sub 2] fluxes in tropical forests (40% of global totals) and the large carbon storage potential in boreal and arctic soils.
Klooster, S.A.; Potter, S. (NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA (United States)); Randerson, J. (Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA (United States))
Flexible finite-element modeling of global geomagnetic depth sounding
Modeling in 2D and 3D for Geomagnetic Depth Sounding (31, 16610. Banks, R. , 1969: Geomagnetic variations and the1997: Introduction to geomagnetic fields. Cambridge Univ Pr.
Ribaudo, Joseph Thomas
Regional & Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) Program | U.S. DOE...
Office of Science (SC) Website
System Research (ASR) Program Data Management Earth System Modeling (ESM) Program William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) Integrated Assessment of...
Ocean Heat Transport, Sea Ice, and Multiple Climate States: Insights from Energy Balance Models
Several extensions of energy balance models (EBMs) are explored in which (i) sea ice acts to insulate the atmosphere from the ocean and (ii) ocean heat transport is allowed to have some meridional structure controlled by the wind, with minima at ...
Brian E. J. Rose; John Marshall
High-Latitude Filtering in Global Grid-Point Models
Latitude-longitude grid-point models with explicit time schemes require filtering of unstable short waves at high latitudes to avoid the use of prohibitively short time steps. Using a shallow water model and a Rossby�Haurwitz wave as an initial ...
Lawrence L. Takacs; Ramesh C. Balgovind
Regional forecasting with global atmospheric models; Final report
The purpose of the project was to conduct model simulations for past and future climate change with respect to the proposed Yucca Mtn. repository. The authors report on three main topics, one of which is boundary conditions for paleo-hindcast studies. These conditions are necessary for the conduction of three to four model simulations. The boundary conditions have been prepared for future runs. The second topic is (a) comparing the atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) with observations and other GCMs; and (b) development of a better precipitation data base for the Yucca Mtn. region for comparisons with models. These tasks have been completed. The third topic is preliminary assessments of future climate change. Energy balance model (EBM) simulations suggest that the greenhouse effect will likely dominate climate change at Yucca Mtn. for the next 10,000 years. The EBM study should improve rational choice of GCM CO{sub 2} scenarios for future climate change.
Crowley, T.J.; Smith, N.R. [Applied Research Corp., College Station, TX (United States)
Evaluation of AMIP II Global Climate Model Simulations of the Land Surface Water Budget and Its Components over the GEWEX-CEOP Regions
The land surface water balance components simulated by 20 atmospheric global circulation models (AGCMs) participating in phase II of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP II) are analyzed globally and over seven Global Energy and ...
P. Irannejad; A. Henderson-Sellers
The Global Geometry of the Slow Manifold in the Lorenz�Krishnamurthy Model
The five-equation model introduced by Lorenz and Krishnamurthy is studied. It is shown that the question Of existence of a slow manifold for this model can be addressed by a combination of local and global analysis. Existence of a locally slow ...
Roberto Camassa; Siu-Kei Tin
Change in regime and transfer function models of global solar radiation in Kuwait
The development of the models for global solar radiation in Kuwait is based on removing the annual periodicity and seasonal variation. The first methodology used here is the change in regime technique that relies on dividing the observations into two ... Keywords: ARMA model, Harmonic analysis, Solar radiation, Transfer function
S. A. Al-Awadhi
Can Fully Accounting for Clouds in Data Assimilation Improve Short-Term Forecasts by Global Models?
This paper explores the degree to which short-term forecasts with global models might be improved if clouds were fully included in a data assimilation system, so that observations of clouds affected all parts of the model state and cloud ...
Robert Pincus; Robert J. Patrick Hofmann; Jeffrey L. Anderson; Kevin Raeder; Nancy Collins; Jeffrey S. Whitaker
The Effect of a Solar Perturbation on a Global Climate Model
A quasi-three-dimensional global climate model is used to study the effect of a transient change in solar radiation on the model's climate. The solar constant is decreased abruptly by 5 percent in the 10th year of a 50-year run. It is then ...
William D. Sellers
Pacific Ocean Heat Transport at 24�N in a High-Resolution Global Model
Meridional heat transport in the North Pacific Ocean in a seasonally forced high-resolution global ocean general circulation model is compared to observations. At 24�N, annual mean heat transport in the model of 0.37�1011W is half the most recent ...
John L. Wilkin; James V. Mansbridge; J. Stuart Godfrey
A Global Model of $?^-$-Decay Half-Lives Using Neural Networks
Statistical modeling of nuclear data using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and, more recently, support vector machines (SVMs), is providing novel approaches to systematics that are complementary to phenomenological and semi-microscopic theories. We present a global model of $\\beta^-$-decay halflives of the class of nuclei that decay 100% by $\\beta^-$ mode in their ground states. A fully-connected multilayered feed forward network has been trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, Bayesian regularization, and cross-validation. The halflife estimates generated by the model are discussed and compared with the available experimental data, with previous results obtained with neural networks, and with estimates coming from traditional global nuclear models. Predictions of the new neural-network model are given for nuclei far from stability, with particular attention to those involved in r-process nucleosynthesis. This study demonstrates that in the framework of the $\\beta^-$-decay problem considered here, global models based on ANNs can at least match the predictive performance of the best conventional global models rooted in nuclear theory. Accordingly, such statistical models can provide a valuable tool for further mapping of the nuclidic chart.
N. Costiris; E. Mavrommatis; K. A. Gernoth; J. W. Clark
A Locally One-Dimensional Semi-Implicit Scheme for Global Gridpoint Shallow-Water Models
A splitting method is presented for eliminating the need to directly solve for a two-dimensional Helmholtz-type difference equation in a semi-implicit scheme for a global gridpoint shallow-water model. In the proposed method, the model equations ...
Sajal K. Kar; Richard P. Turco; Carlos R. Mechoso; Akio Arakawa
Atmospheric Responses of Gill-Type and Lindzen�Nigam Models to Global Warming
The equatorial Pacific atmosphere responds differently to global warming in the Gill-type and Lindzen�Nigam models. Under an assumption of no change in the zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the Gill-type model, the Walker circulation ...
Soon-Il An
Modification of Surface Fluxes from Component Models in Global Coupled Models
The present generation of global coupled ocean�atmosphere GCMs contains considerable systematic errors both in terms of net surface heat flux and simulated SSTs. Here, a global coupled GCM is used to illustrate how systematic errors in the ...
Gerald A. Meehl
South America Global Horizontal SR Solar Model from INPE and...
for Space Research) and the ARCVIEW software were used to produce the dataset and SHAPE files. The assessment of reliability levels of the BRASIL-SR model were performed...
Brazil Global Horizontal Solar Radiation Model (40km) from INPE
by INPE - National Institute for Space Research) were used to produce the dataset and SHAPE files. The assessment of reliability levels of the BRASIL-SR model were performed...
Slow Instabilities in Tropical Ocean Basin�Global Atmosphere Models
The effect of ocean boundaries on instability in coupled ocean-natmosphere models is determined. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors are calculated for coupled systems featuring an ocean basin bounded zonally by a flat continent. The atmosphere is ...
Anthony C. Hirst
An Evaluation of Sea Level Cyclone Forecasts Produced by NMC's Nested-Grid Model and Global Spectral Model
Sea level cyclone errors are computed for the National Meteorological Center's Nested-Grid Model (NGM) and the Aviation Run of the Global Spectral Model (AVN). The study is performed for the 1987/88 and 1989/90 cool seasons. All available 24- and ...
Bruce B. Smith; Steven L. Mullen
insights on the Road to Performance Excellence November ...
... Grail for every organizational leader around the globe. ... marketplace and an uncertain global economy will ... concepts shared in this Insights column. ...
Abstract - The ICSI Notary: Lessons and Insights from a Large ...
Abstract title: The ICSI Notary: Lessons and Insights from a Large ... ongoing live measurement effort aimed at understanding the global SSL/TLS ...
Penetrating Insights: NIST Airframe Tests Help Ensure Better ...
Penetrating Insights: NIST Airframe Tests Help Ensure Better Shielding for Flight ... were a Boeing 737-200 and a Bombardier Global 5000 business ...
A Global Climate Model (GENESIS) with a Land-Surface Transfer Scheme (LSX). Part I: Present Climate Simulation
The present-day climatology of a global climate model (GENESIS Version 1.02) is described. The model includes a land-surface transfer component (LSX) that accounts for the physical effects of vegetation. The atmospheric general circulation model ...
Starley L. Thompson; David Pollard
A Global Model of $\\beta^-$-Decay Half-Lives Using Neural Networks
Statistical modeling of nuclear data using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and, more recently, support vector machines (SVMs), is providing novel approaches to systematics that are complementary to phenomenological and semi-microscopic theories. We present a global model of $\\beta^-$-decay halflives of the class of nuclei that decay 100% by $\\beta^-$ mode in their ground states. A fully-connected multilayered feed forward network has been trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, Bayesian regularization, and cross-validation. The halflife estimates generated by the model are discussed and compared with the available experimental data, with previous results obtained with neural networks, and with estimates coming from traditional global nuclear models. Predictions of the new neural-network model are given for nuclei far from stability, with particular attention to those involved in r-process nucleosynthesis. This study demonstrates that in the framework of the $\\beta^-$-decay problem considered here, ...
Costiris, N; Gernoth, K A; Mavrommatis, E
A Global, Multi-Resolution Approach to Regional Ocean Modeling
In this collaborative research project between Pennsylvania State University, Colorado State University and Florida State University, we mainly focused on developing multi-resolution algorithms which are suitable to regional ocean modeling. We developed hybrid implicit and explicit adaptive multirate time integration method to solve systems of time-dependent equations that present two signi#12;cantly di#11;erent scales. We studied the e#11;ects of spatial simplicial meshes on the stability and the conditioning of fully discrete approximations. We also studies adaptive #12;nite element method (AFEM) based upon the Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation (CVT) and superconvergent gradient recovery. Some of these techniques are now being used by geoscientists(such as those at LANL).
Du, Qiang
An Urban Parameterization for a Global Climate Model. Part I: Formulation and Evaluation for Two Cities
Urbanization, the expansion of built-up areas, is an important yet less-studied aspect of land use/land cover change in climate science. To date, most global climate models used to evaluate effects of land use/land cover change on climate do not ...
K. W. Oleson; G. B. Bonan; J. Feddema; M. Vertenstein; C. S. B. Grimmond
The Age of Water and Ventilation Timescales in a Global Ocean Model
The age of water in the World Ocean is studied using a passive age tracer introduced into a global ocean model. Additional information is derived from a transient �dye� tracer that tracks the time-dependent spreading of surface waters into the ...
Matthew H. England
Stochastic modeling and global warming trend extraction for ocean acoustic travel times. Interim technical report
A possible indication of the existence of global climate warming is a negative trend for the travel time of an acoustic pulse along a fixed long path, or paths, in the ocean over a period of many years. The goal of this report is the development of methods specifically for determining the presence of a long term trend for climate change from a temporal sequence of measurements of acoustic propagation times. Robust statistical methods for determining whether a significant trend is present in a given set of time series data have been developed and, for illustration, applied to some specific traveltime time series generated by the MASIG and GFDL ocean models. In this report we consider line + noise and ARIMA statistical models. We show that if the time series are long enough, somewhat over 20 years, then series such as those simulated by the MASIG and GFDL models can be classified reliably as line + noise when this is the case. However, it is shown that the results are considerably different for the two ocean models under consideration and that these models can not currently be relied upon by themselves to predict global warming. Experimental data is most certainly needed, not only to measure global warming itself, but to help improve the ocean model themselves.
Bottone, S.; Gray, H.L.; Woodward, W.A.
Update on INSIGHTS Development
INSIGHTS is a transformational separate effects testing capability to perform in situ irradiation studies and characterization of the microscale behavior of nuclear fuel materials under a wide variety of in-pile conditions. Separate effects testing including growth, irradiation, and monitoring of these materials, and encompasses the full science based approach for fuels development from the nanoscale to the mesoscale behavior of the sample material and other defects driven by the modeling and simulation efforts of INL.
Not Listed; Eric Burgett
Impact of emissions, chemistry, and climate on atmospheric carbon monoxide : 100-year predictions from a global chemistry-climate model
The possible trends for atmospheric carbon monoxide in the next 100 yr have been illustrated using a coupled atmospheric chemistry and climate model driven by emissions predicted by a global economic development model. ...
Wang, Chien.; Prinn, Ronald G.
The Effects of Imperfect Spatial and Temporal Sampling on Estimates of the Global Mean Temperature: Experiments with Model Data
A long time series of data simulated by the NCAR Community Climate Model is used to empirically determine the effects of imperfect spatial and temporal sampling on estimates of the model's global-mean surface air temperature. Results determined ...
R. A. Madden; D. J. Shea; G. W. Branstator; J. J. Tribbia; R. O. Weber
Single-Scattering Albedo and Radiative Forcing of Various Aerosol Species with a Global Three-Dimensional Model
Global distributions of the aerosol optical thickness, �ngstr�m exponent, and single-scattering albedo are simulated using an aerosol transport model coupled with an atmospheric general circulation model. All the main tropospheric aerosols are ...
Toshihiko Takemura; Teruyuki Nakajima; Oleg Dubovik; Brent N. Holben; Stefan Kinne
Global Calibration of the GEOS-5 L-Band Microwave Radiative Transfer Model over Nonfrozen Land Using SMOS Observations
A zero-order (tau-omega) microwave radiative transfer model (RTM) is coupled to the Goddard Earth Observing System, version 5 (GEOS-5) catchment land surface model in preparation for the future assimilation of global brightness temperatures (Tb) ...
Gabri�lle J. M. De Lannoy; Rolf H. Reichle; Valentijn R. N. Pauwels
The New GFDL Global Atmosphere and Land Model AM2�LM2: Evaluation with Prescribed SST Simulations
The configuration and performance of a new global atmosphere and land model for climate research developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) are presented. The atmosphere model, known as AM2, includes a new gridpoint dynamical ...
Modeling the global freight transportation system: a multi-level modeling perspective
The interconnectedness of different actors in the global freight transportation industry has rendered such a system as a large complex system where different sub-systems are interrelated. On such a system, policy-related- exploratory analyses which have ...
Ronald Apriliyanto Halim; Lorant A. Tavasszy; Mamadou D. Seck
Reconciling uncertainties in integrated science and policy models: Applications to global climate change
In this thesis tools of data reconciliation are used to integrate available information into scientific and policy models of greenhouse gases. The role of uncertainties in scientific and policy models of global climate change is examined, and implications for global change policy are drawn. Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas. Global sources and sinks of methane have significant uncertainties. A chance constrained methodology was developed and used to perform inversions on the global methane cycle. Budgets of methane that are consistent with source fluxes, isotopic and ice core measurements were determined. While it is not possible to come up with a single budget for CH{sub 4}, performing the calculation with a number of sets of assumed priors suggests a convergence in the allowed range for sources. In some cases -- wetlands (70-130 Tg/yr), rice paddies (60-125 Tg/yr) a significant reduction in the uncertainty of the source estimate is achieved. Our results compare favorably with the most recent measurements of flux estimates. For comparison, a similar analysis using bayes monte carlo simulation was performed. The question of the missing sink for carbon remains unresolved. Two analyses that attempt to quantify the missing sink were performed. First, a steady state analysis of the carbon cycle was used to determine the pre-industrial inter-hemispheric carbon concentration gradient. Second, a full blown dynamic inversion of the carbon cycle was performed. An advection diffusion ocean model with surface chemistry, coupled to box models of the atmosphere and the biosphere was inverted to fit available measurements of {sup 12}C and {sup 14}C carbon isotopes using Differential-Algebraic Optimization. The model effectively suggests that the {open_quotes}missing{close_quotes} sink for carbon is hiding in the biosphere. Scenario dependent trace gas indices were calculated for CH{sub 4}, N{sub 2}O, HCFC-22.
Kandlikar, M.
Decoding Beta-Decay Systematics: A Global Statistical Model for Beta^- Halflives
Statistical modeling of nuclear data provides a novel approach to nuclear systematics complementary to established theoretical and phenomenological approaches based on quantum theory. Continuing previous studies in which global statistical modeling is pursued within the general framework of machine learning theory, we implement advances in training algorithms designed to improved generalization, in application to the problem of reproducing and predicting the halflives of nuclear ground states that decay 100% by the beta^- mode. More specifically, fully-connected, multilayer feedforward artificial neural network models are developed using the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm together with Bayesian regularization and cross-validation. The predictive performance of models emerging from extensive computer experiments is compared with that of traditional microscopic and phenomenological models as well as with the performance of other learning systems, including earlier neural network models as well as th...
Costiris, N J; Gernoth, K A; Clark, J W
South America Global Horizontal SR Solar Model from INPE and LABSOLAR |
727 727 Varnish cache server Browse Upload data GDR 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load) Guru Meditation: XID: 2142256727 Varnish cache server South America Global Horizontal SR Solar Model from INPE and LABSOLAR Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): Mean values of Global Horizontal Solar Radiation in kWh/m2/day for 40km cells for 1 year (month, season, year) based on data from 1995 to 2005 (Purpose): To provide a set of consistent, reliable, verifiable, and accessible global data sets for international and in-country investors and other stakeholders. (Supplemental Information): The BRASIL-SR model (developed by INPE - National Institute for Space Research) and the ARCVIEW software were used to produce the dataset and SHAPE files. The assessment of reliability levels of the BRASIL-SR model were performed through the evaluation of the deviations shown by the estimated values for solar radiation flux vis-à-vis the values measured at the surface (ground truth). This evaluation was done in two phases. The first phase consisted in an inter-comparison between the core radiation transfer models adopted by the SWERA Project to map the solar energy in the various countries participating in the project. The HELIOSAT model took part in this phase like benchmark due to its employment to map solar energy resources in countries from European Union. In the second phase, the solar flux estimates provided by the BRASIL-SR model were compared with measured values acquired at several solarimetric stations spread along the Brazilian territory. The BRASIL-SR model is not validated for areas covered by snow.
Response of ice and liquid water paths of tropical cyclones to global warming simulated by a global nonhydrostatic model with explicit cloud microphysics
Cloud feedback plays a key role in the future climate projection. Using global non-hydrostatic model (GNHM) simulation data for a present-day (CTL) and a warmer (GW) experiment, we estimate the contribution of tropical cyclones (TC) to ice/liquid ...
Yohei Yamada; Masaki Satoh
Development of the first nonhydrostatic nested-grid grid-point global atmospheric modeling system on parallel machines
This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Evaluating the importance of global and regional climate response to increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases requires a comprehensive global atmospheric modeling system (GAMS) capable of simulations over a wide range of atmospheric circulations, from complex terrain to continental scales, on high-performance computers. Unfortunately, all of the existing global circulation models (GCMs) do not meet this requirements, because they suffer from one or more of the following three shortcomings: (1) use of the hydrostatic approximation, which makes the models potentially ill-posed; (2) lack of a nested-grid (or multi-grid) capability, which makes it difficult to consistently evaluate the regional climate response to the global warming, and (3) spherical spectral (opposed to grid-point finite-difference) representation of model variables, which hinders model performance for parallel machine applications. The end product of the research is a highly modularized, multi-gridded, self-calibratable (for further parameterization development) global modeling system with state-of-the-science physics and chemistry. This system will be suitable for a suite of atmospheric problems: from local circulations to climate, from thunderstorms to global cloud radiative forcing, from urban pollution to global greenhouse trace gases, and from the guiding of field experiments to coupling with ocean models. It will also provide a unique testbed for high-performance computing architecture.
Kao, C.Y.J.; Langley, D.L.; Reisner, J.M.; Smith, W.S.
On the relationship between uncertainties in tropical divergence and the hydrological cycle in global models
A survey of tropical divergence from three GCMs, three global reanalyses and four insitu soundings from field campaigns shows the existence of large uncertainties in the ubiquity of shallow divergent circulation as well as the depth and strength of the deep divergent circulation. More specifically, only two GCMs out of the three GCMs and three global reanalyses show significant shallow divergent circulation, which is present in all in-situ soundings, and of the three GCMs and three global reanalyses, only two global reanalyses have deep divergence profiles that lie within the range of uncertainty of the soundings. The relationships of uncertainties in the shallow and deep divergent circulation to uncertainties in present day and projected strength of the hydrological cycle from the GCMs are assessed. In the tropics and subtropics, deep divergent circulation is the largest contributor to moisture convergence that balances the net precipitation, and inter-model differences in the present day simulations carry over onto the future projections. In comparison to the soundings and reanalyses, the GCMs are found to have deeper and stronger divergent circulation. While these two characteristics of GCM divergence affect the strength of the hydrological cycle, they tend to compensate for each other so that their combined effect is relatively modest.
Hagos, Samson M.; Leung, Lai-Yung R.
U.K. HiGEM: The New U.K. High-Resolution Global Environment Model�Model Description and Basic Evaluation
This article describes the development and evaluation of the U.K.�s new High-Resolution Global Environmental Model (HiGEM), which is based on the latest climate configuration of the Met Office Unified Model, known as the Hadley Centre Global ...
L. C. Shaffrey; I. Stevens; W. A. Norton; M. J. Roberts; P. L. Vidale; J. D. Harle; A. Jrrar; D. P. Stevens; M. J. Woodage; M. E. Demory; J. Donners; D. B. Clark; A. Clayton; J. W. Cole; S. S. Wilson; W. M. Connolley; T. M. Davies; A. M. Iwi; T. C. Johns; J. C. King; A. L. New; J. M. Slingo; A. Slingo; L. Steenman-Clark; G. M. Martin
Sandia National Laboratories: Global Insight, Inc ...
Annual Report; Economic Impact; ... 2013. Month: DOL: Factor: December, '13: 2.1%: 2.0%: November, '13: 1.9%: 1.95%: ... 2012. Month: DOL: Factor: ...
Simulation Skills of the SST-Forced Global Climate Variability of the NCEP�MRF9 and the Scripps�MPI ECHAM3 Models
The global responses of two atmospheric general circulation models (AGCM), the National Centers for Environmental Prediction�Medium Range Forecast (NCEP�MRF9) and the University of Hamburg climate model�3 (ECHAM), to simultaneous global SST ...
Peitao Peng; Arun Kumar; Anthony G. Barnston; Lisa Goddard
Modeling the Recent Evolution of Global Drought and Projections for the Twenty-First Century with the Hadley Centre Climate Model
Meteorological drought in the Hadley Centre global climate model is assessed using the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), a commonly used drought index. At interannual time scales, for the majority of the land surface, the model captures the ...
Eleanor J. Burke; Simon J. Brown; Nikolaos Christidis
Brazil Global Horizontal Solar Radiation Model (40km) from INPE | OpenEI
40km) from INPE 40km) from INPE Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): Global horizontal solar radiation in kWh/m2/day for 1 year organized into cells with 40km x 40km (Purpose): To provide a set of consistent, reliable, verifiable, and accessible global data sets for international and in-country investors and other stakeholders (Supplemental Information): The BRASIL-SR model and the SPRING software (both developed by INPE - National Institute for Space Research) were used to produce the dataset and SHAPE files. The assessment of reliability levels of the BRASIL-SR model were performed through the evaluation of the deviations shown by the estimated values for solar radiation flux vis-à-vis the values measured at the surface (ground truth). This evaluation was done in two phases. The first phase consisted in an inter-comparison between the core radiation transfer models adopted by the SWERA Project to map the solar energy in the various countries participating in the project. The HELIOSAT model took art in this phase like benchmark due to its employment to map solar energy resources in countries from European Union. In the second phase, the solar flux estimates provided by the BRASIL-SR model were compared with measured values acquired at several solarimetric stations spread along the Brazilian territory.
Development and Evaluation of a Global Version of the Miami Isopycnic-Coordinate Ocean Model. Final report
The objective of this project was to test the ability of the Miami Isopycnic-Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM) to simulate the global ocean circulation, setting the stage for the model's incorporation into coupled global climate models. An existing basin-scale model will be expanded to global domain; suitable atmospheric forcing fields, including precipitation and river runoff, will be selected; the modeling of ayssal flow will be improved by incorporating compressibility and particularly thermobaric effects; a sea-ice model will be added; parameterization options will be explored for subgrid-scale deep convection; parallel coarse- and fine-mesh simulations will be carried out to investigate the impact of grid resolution; the sensitivity of the model's solution to magnitude of vertical (diapycnal) exchange coefficient will be studied; and long-term trends in meridional heat transport and water-mass properties in model solutions will be documented and interpreted.
Bleck, Rainer; Rooth, Claes G.H.; Okeefe, Sawdey
Posters Radiation Impacts on Global Climate Models F. Baer, N. Arsky, and K. Rocque
5 5 Posters Radiation Impacts on Global Climate Models F. Baer, N. Arsky, and K. Rocque University of Maryland College Park, Maryland Climate Prediction and Radiative Heating Climate models are driven by forcing, and these forces are seen primarily by the thermal field in general circulation models (GCMs). The major forces that affect the thermal field are longwave radiative (LWR) heating, shortwave radiative (SWR) heating, and convection (cumulus, etc.). These forcing effects are cycled through the thermal field to the motion field by nonlinear transfer. The dependent variables-in particular, temperature (T), moisture (Q) and especially clouds-evolve in time in a model and determine the subsequent forcing. If the dependent variables are not accurately calculated in space and time, the forcing
European Geosciences Union Ocean Science Formulation of an ocean model for global climate simulations
Abstract. This paper summarizes the formulation of the ocean component to the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory�s (GFDL) climate model used for the 4th IPCC Assessment (AR4) of global climate change. In particular, it reviews the numerical schemes and physical parameterizations that make up an ocean climate model and how these schemes are pieced together for use in a state-of-the-art climate model. Features of the model described here include the following: (1) tripolar grid to resolve the Arctic Ocean without polar filtering, (2) partial bottom step representation of topography to better represent topographically influenced advective and wave processes, (3) more accurate equation of state, (4) three-dimensional flux limited tracer advection to reduce overshoots and undershoots, (5) incorporation of regional climatological variability in shortwave penetration,
B. L. Samuels; M. J. Spelman; M. Winton; R. Zhang
TWP-ICE Global Atmospheric Model Intercomparison: Convection Responsiveness and Resolution Impact
Results are presented from an intercomparison of global atmospheric model (GAM) simulations of tropical convection during the Tropical Warm Pool-International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE). The distinct cloud properties, precipitation, radiation, and vertical diabatic heating profiles associated with three different monsoon regimes (wet, dry, and break) from available observations are used to evaluate 9 GAM forecasts initialized daily from realistic global analyses. All models well captured the evolution of large-scale circulation and the thermodynamic fields, but cloud properties differed substantially among models. For example, liquid water path and ice water path differed by up to two orders of magnitude. Compared with the relatively well simulated top-heavy heating structures during the wet and break period, most models had difficulty in depicting the bottom-heavy heating profiles associated with cumulus congestus. The best performing models during this period were the ones whose convection scheme was most responsive to the free tropospheric humidity. Compared with the large impact of cloud and convective parameterizations on model cloud and precipitation characteristics, resolution has relatively minor impact on simulated cloud properties. However, one feature that was influence by the resolution study in several models was the diurnal cycle of precipitation. Peaking at a different time from convective precipitation, large-scale precipitation generally increases in high resolution forecasts and modulates the total precipitation diurnal cycle. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of more environmental responsive convective parameterizations to capture various types of convection and the substantial diversity among large-scale cloud and precipitation schemes in current GAMs. This experiment has also demonstrated itself to be a very useful testbed for those developing cloud and convection schemes in these models.
Lin, Yanluan; Donner, Leo J.; Petch, Jon C.; Bechtold, P.; Boyle, James; Klein, Stephen A.; Komori, T.; Wapler, K.; Willett, M.; Xie, X.; Zhao, M.; Xie, Shaocheng; McFarlane, Sally A.; Schumacher, Courtney
Effect of Ice-Albedo Feedback on Global Sensitivity in a One-Dimensional Radiative-Convective Climate Model
The feedback between ice albedo and temperature is included in a one-dimensional radiative-convective climate model. The effect of this feedback on global sensitivity to changes in solar constant is studied for the current climate conditions. ...
Wei-Chyung Wang; Peter H. Stone
Interdecadal and Interannual Variability in the Northern Extratropical Circulation Simulated with the JMA Global Model. Part I: Wintertime Leading Mode
Interdecadal and interannual atmospheric variability in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere is investigated using an atmospheric GCM. The model used for this research is a T42 GCM version of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA-GSM89) global ...
Ryuichi Kawamura; Masato Sugi; Nobuo Sato
Interdecadal and Interannual Variability in the Northern Extratropical Circulation Simulated with the JMA Global Model. Part II: Summertime Leading Mode
Interdecadal and interannual) variations of a model atmosphere in the northern extratropics is examined using a T42 GCM forced with observed near-global SSTs from January 1955 to December 1988.
Quantitative Assessment of Diurnal Variation of Tropical Convection Simulated by a Global Nonhydrostatic Model without Cumulus Parameterization
This study investigated the resolution dependence of diurnal variation in tropical convective systems represented by a global nonhydrostatic model without cumulus parameterization. This paper describes the detailed characteristics of diurnal ...
Akira T. Noda; Kazuyoshi Oouchi; Masaki Satoh; Hirofumi Tomita
Considerations in the Selection of Global Climate Models for Regional Climate Projections: The Arctic as a Case Study
Climate projections at regional scales are in increased demand from management agencies and other stakeholders. While global atmosphere�ocean climate models provide credible quantitative estimates of future climate at continental scales and above,...
James E. Overland; Muyin Wang; Nicholas A. Bond; John E. Walsh; Vladimir M. Kattsov; William L. Chapman
Impact of Parameter Estimation on the Performance of the FSU Global Spectral Model Using Its Full-Physics Adjoint
The full-physics adjoint of the Florida State University Global Spectral Model at resolution T42L12 is applied to carry out parameter estimation using an initialized analysis dataset. The three parameters, that is, the biharmonic horizontal ...
Yanqiu Zhu; I. M. Navon
A Global Multilevel Atmospheric Model Using a Vector Semi-Lagrangian Finite-Difference Scheme. Part II: Version with Physics
Full physical parameterzations have been incorporated into the global model using a two-time-level, semi-Lagrangian, semi-implicit finite-difference integration scheme that was described in Part I of this work. Virtual temperature effects have ...
S. Moorthi; R. W. Higgins; J. R. Bates
An Assessment of the Primary Sources of Spread of Global Warming Estimates from Coupled Atmosphere�Ocean Models
Climate feedback analysis constitutes a useful framework for comparing the global mean surface temperature responses to an external forcing predicted by general circulation models (GCMs). Nevertheless, the contributions of the different radiative ...
Jean-Louis Dufresne; Sandrine Bony
Low Wind Speed Technology Phase II: Development of an Operations and Maintenance Cost Model for LWST; Global Energy Concepts
This fact sheet describes a subcontract with Global Energy Concepts to evaluate real-world data on O&M costs and to develop a working model to describe these costs for low wind speed sites.
Not Available
Orogenic Propagating Precipitation Systems over the United States in a Global Climate Model with Embedded Explicit Convection
In the lee of major mountain chains worldwide, diurnal physics of organized propagating convection project onto seasonal and climate time scales of the hydrologic cycle, but this phenomenon is not represented in conventional global climate models (...
Michael S. Pritchard; Mitchell W. Moncrieff; Richard C. J. Somerville
Sensitivity to Surface Forcing and Boundary Layer Mixing in a Global Ocean Model: Annual-Mean Climatology
The effects of more realistic bulk forcing boundary conditions, a more physical subgrid-scale vertical mixing parameterization, and more accurate bottom topography are investigated in a coarse-resolution, global oceanic general circulation model. ...
William G. Large; Gokhan Danabasoglu; Scott C. Doney; James C. McWilliams
Improving Global Model Precipitation Forecasts over India Using Downscaling and the FSU Superensemble. Part II: Seasonal Climate
This study addresses seasonal forecasts of rains over India using the following components: high-resolution rain gauge�based rainfall data covering the years 1987�2001, rain-rate initialization, four global atmosphere�ocean coupled models, a ...
Arindam Chakraborty; T. N. Krishnamurti
Modeling the Global Solar Radiation on the Earth�s Surface Using Atmospheric Deterministic and Intelligent Data-Driven Techniques
Three methods for analyzing and modeling the global shortwave radiation reaching the earth�s surface are presented in this study. Solar radiation is a very important input for many aspects of climatology, hydrology, atmospheric sciences, and ...
M. Santamouris; G. Mihalakakou; B. Psiloglou; G. Eftaxias; D. N. Asimakopoulos
Comparison of explicitly simulated and downscaled tropical cyclone activity in a high-resolution global climate model
The response of tropical cyclone activity to climate change is a matter of great inherent interest and practical importance. Most current global climate models are not, however, capable of adequately resolving tropical ...
Emanuel, Kerry Andrew
Response of Tropical Cyclones to Idealized Climate Change Experiments in a Global High-Resolution Coupled General Circulation Model
The authors present an assessment of how tropical cyclone activity might change owing to the influence of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, using the U.K. High-Resolution Global Environment Model (HiGEM) with N144 resolution (~...
Ray Bell; Jane Strachan; Pier Luigi Vidale; Kevin Hodges; Malcolm Roberts
Observations of Surface Forcing from the Subduction Experiment: A Comparison with Global Model Products and Climatological Datasets
Reliable estimates of the exchange of heat, moisture, and momentum across the air�sea interface are essential in assessing the local �representativeness� of the surface forcing fields depicted by global model and climatological datasets. The ...
K. A. Moyer; R. A. Weller
Emission-Induced Nonlinearities in the Global Aerosol System: Results from the ECHAM5-HAM Aerosol-Climate Model
In a series of simulations with the global ECHAM5-HAM aerosol-climate model, the response to changes in anthropogenic emissions is analyzed. Traditionally, additivity is assumed in the assessment of the aerosol climate impact, as the underlying ...
Philip Stier; Johann Feichter; Silvia Kloster; Elisabetta Vignati; Julian Wilson
Do Global Models Properly Represent the Feedback between Land and Atmosphere?
The Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment/Climate Variability and Predictability (GEWEX/CLIVAR) Global Land�Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE) has provided an estimate of the global distribution of land�atmosphere coupling strength during ...
Paul A. Dirmeyer; Randal D. Koster; Zhichang Guo
Statistical modeling of nuclear data provides a novel approach to nuclear systematics complementary to established theoretical and phenomenological approaches based on quantum theory. Continuing previous studies in which global statistical modeling is pursued within the general framework of machine learning theory, we implement advances in training algorithms designed to improved generalization, in application to the problem of reproducing and predicting the halflives of nuclear ground states that decay 100% by the beta^- mode. More specifically, fully-connected, multilayer feedforward artificial neural network models are developed using the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm together with Bayesian regularization and cross-validation. The predictive performance of models emerging from extensive computer experiments is compared with that of traditional microscopic and phenomenological models as well as with the performance of other learning systems, including earlier neural network models as well as the support vector machines recently applied to the same problem. In discussing the results, emphasis is placed on predictions for nuclei that are far from the stability line, and especially those involved in the r-process nucleosynthesis. It is found that the new statistical models can match or even surpass the predictive performance of conventional models for beta-decay systematics and accordingly should provide a valuable additional tool for exploring the expanding nuclear landscape.
N. J. Costiris; E. Mavrommatis; K. A. Gernoth; J. W. Clark
Collaborative Proposal: Transforming How Climate System Models are Used: A Global, Multi-Resolution Approach
Despite the great interest in regional modeling for both weather and climate applications, regional modeling is not yet at the stage that it can be used routinely and effectively for climate modeling of the ocean. The overarching goal of this project is to transform how climate models are used by developing and implementing a robust, efficient, and accurate global approach to regional ocean modeling. To achieve this goal, we will use theoretical and computational means to resolve several basic modeling and algorithmic issues. The first task is to develop techniques for transitioning between parameterized and high-fidelity regional ocean models as the discretization grid transitions from coarse to fine regions. The second task is to develop estimates for the error in scientifically relevant quantities of interest that provide a systematic way to automatically determine where refinement is needed in order to obtain accurate simulations of dynamic and tracer transport in regional ocean models. The third task is to develop efficient, accurate, and robust time-stepping schemes for variable spatial resolution discretizations used in regional ocean models of dynamics and tracer transport. The fourth task is to develop frequency-dependent eddy viscosity finite element and discontinuous Galerkin methods and study their performance and effectiveness for simulation of dynamics and tracer transport in regional ocean models. These four projects share common difficulties and will be approach using a common computational and mathematical toolbox. This is a multidisciplinary project involving faculty and postdocs from Colorado State University, Florida State University, and Penn State University along with scientists from Los Alamos National Laboratory. The completion of the tasks listed within the discussion of the four sub-projects will go a long way towards meeting our goal of developing superior regional ocean models that will transform how climate system models are used.
Estep, Donald
Integrating chemistry into 3D climate models: Detailed kinetics in the troposphere and stratosphere of a global climate model
This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The motivation for the project is to create the first complete, three-dimensional climate model that enfolds atmospheric photochemistry. The LANL chemical global climate model (GCM) not only distributes the trace greenhouse gases and modifies their concentrations within the detailed photochemical web, but also permits them to influence the radiation field and so force their own transport. Both atmospheric chemistry and fluid dynamics are nonlinear and zonally asymmetric phenomena. They can only be adequately modeled in three dimensions on the global grid. The kinetics-augmented GCM is the only program within the atmospheric community capable of investigating interaction involving chemistry and transport. The authors have conducted case studies of timely three-dimensional chemistry issues. Examples include ozone production from biomass burning plumes, kinetic feedbacks in zonally asymmetric transport phenomena with month- to year-long time scales, and volcano sulfate aerosols with respect to their potential effects on tropospheric ozone depletion.
Kao, C.Y.J.; Elliott, S. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States). Earth and Environmental Sciences Div.; Turco, R.P.; Zhao, X. [Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Evaluating Global Aerosol Models and Aerosol and Water Vapor Properties Near Clouds
The 'Evaluating Global Aerosol Models and Aerosol and Water Vapor Properties Near Clouds' project focused extensively on the analysis and utilization of water vapor and aerosol profiles derived from the ARM Raman lidar at the Southern Great Plains ARM site. A wide range of different tasks were performed during this project, all of which improved quality of the data products derived from the lidar or advanced the understanding of atmospheric processes over the site. These activities included: upgrading the Raman lidar to improve its sensitivity; participating in field experiments to validate the lidar aerosol and water vapor retrievals; using the lidar aerosol profiles to evaluate the accuracy of the vertical distribution of aerosols in global aerosol model simulations; examining the correlation between relative humidity and aerosol extinction, and how these change, due to horizontal distance away from cumulus clouds; inferring boundary layer turbulence structure in convective boundary layers from the high-time-resolution lidar water vapor measurements; retrieving cumulus entrainment rates in boundary layer cumulus clouds; and participating in a field experiment that provided data to help validate both the entrainment rate retrievals and the turbulent profiles derived from lidar observations.
Turner, David, D.; Ferrare, Richard, A.
A Reduced Grid Method for a Parallel Global Ocean General Circulation Model
A limitation of many explicit finite-difference global climate models is the timestep restriction caused by the decrease in cell size associated with the convergence of meridians near the poles. A computational grid in which the number of cells in the longitudinal direction is reduced toward high-latitudes, keeping the longitudinal width of the resulting cells as uniform as possible and increasing the allowable timestep, is applied to a three-dimensional primitive equation ocean-climate model. This ''reduced'' grid consists of subgrids which interact at interfaces along their northern and southern boundaries, where the resolution changes by a factor of three. Algorithms are developed to extend the finite difference techniques to this interface, focusing on the conservation required to perform long time integrations, while preserving the staggered spatial arrangement of variables and the numerics used on subgrids. The reduced grid eliminates the common alternative of filtering high-frequency modes from the solution at high-latitudes to allow a larger timestep and reduces execution time per model step by roughly 20 percent. The reduced grid model is implemented for parallel computer architectures with two-dimensional domain decomposition and message passing, with speedup results comparable to those of the original model. Both idealized and realistic model runs are presented to show the effect of the interface numerics on the model solution. First, a rectangular, mid-latitude, at-bottomed basin with vertical walls at the boundaries is driven only by surface wind stress to compare three resolutions of the standard grid to reduced grid cases which use various interface conditions. Next, a similar basin with wind stress, heat, and fresh water forcing is used to compare the results of a reduced grid with those of a standard grid result while exercising the full set of model equations. Finally, global model runs, with topography, forcing, and physical parameters similar to those used for ocean-climate studies, are advanced to a near equilibrium state for both the reduced grid and the standard grid. Differences between the two are presented for typical fields of interest, and very little degradation of the solution due to the reduced grid is observed.
Wickett, M.E.
A two-dimensional model study of past trends in global ozone
Emissions and atmospheric concentrations of several trace gases important to atmospheric chemistry are known to have increased substantially over recent decades. Solar flux variations and the atmospheric nuclear test series are also likely to have affected stratospheric ozone. In this study, the LLNL two-dimensional chemical-radiative-transport model of the troposphere and stratosphere has been applied to an analysis of the effects that these natural and anthropogenic influences may have had on global ozone concentrations over the last three decades. In general, model determined species distributions and the derived ozone trends agree well with published analyses of land-based and satellite-based observations. Also, the total ozone and ozone distribution trends derived from CFC and other trace gas effects have a different response with latitude than the derived trends from solar flux variations, thus providing a ''signature'' for anthropogenic effects on ozone. 24 refs., 5 figs.
Wuebbles, D.J.; Kinnison, D.E.
A Parallel Ocean Model With Adaptive Mesh Refinement Capability For Global Ocean Prediction
An ocean model with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) capability is presented for simulating ocean circulation on decade time scales. The model closely resembles the LLNL ocean general circulation model with some components incorporated from other well known ocean models when appropriate. Spatial components are discretized using finite differences on a staggered grid where tracer and pressure variables are defined at cell centers and velocities at cell vertices (B-grid). Horizontal motion is modeled explicitly with leapfrog and Euler forward-backward time integration, and vertical motion is modeled semi-implicitly. New AMR strategies are presented for horizontal refinement on a B-grid, leapfrog time integration, and time integration of coupled systems with unequal time steps. These AMR capabilities are added to the LLNL software package SAMRAI (Structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement Application Infrastructure) and validated with standard benchmark tests. The ocean model is built on top of the amended SAMRAI library. The resulting model has the capability to dynamically increase resolution in localized areas of the domain. Limited basin tests are conducted using various refinement criteria and produce convergence trends in the model solution as refinement is increased. Carbon sequestration simulations are performed on decade time scales in domains the size of the North Atlantic and the global ocean. A suggestion is given for refinement criteria in such simulations. AMR predicts maximum pH changes and increases in CO{sub 2} concentration near the injection sites that are virtually unattainable with a uniform high resolution due to extremely long run times. Fine scale details near the injection sites are achieved by AMR with shorter run times than the finest uniform resolution tested despite the need for enhanced parallel performance. The North Atlantic simulations show a reduction in passive tracer errors when AMR is applied instead of a uniform coarse resolution. No dramatic or persistent signs of error growth in the passive tracer outgassing or the ocean circulation are observed to result from AMR.
Herrnstein, A
A Global Climatology of Albedo, Roughness Length and Stomatal Resistance for Atmospheric General Circulation Models as Represented by the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB)
Components of the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB) of Sellers et al. were used to generate global monthly fields of surface albedo (0.4�4.0 ?m), roughness length and minimum surface (stomatal) resistance.
J. L. Dorman; P. J. Sellers
Transient Response of the Hadley Centre Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model to Increasing Carbon Dioxide. Part III: Analysis of Global-Mean Response Using Simple Models
The roles of surface, atmospheric, and oceanic feedbacks in controlling the global-mean transient response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model to increasing carbon dioxide are investigated. The analysis employs a four-box ...
J. M. Murphy
Brazil Global Horizontal Solar Radiation Model (10km) from INPE | OpenEI
10km) from INPE 10km) from INPE Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): Global horizontal solar radiation in kWh/m2/day for 1 year organized into cells with 10km x 10km (Purpose): The BRASIL-SR model and the SPRING software (both developed by INPE - National Institute for Space Research) were used to produce the dataset and SHAPE files (Supplemental Information): The assessment of reliability levels of the BRASIL-SR model were performed through the evaluation of the deviations shown by the estimated values for solar radiation flux vis-à-vis the values measured at the surface (ground truth). This evaluation was done in two phases. The first phase consisted in an inter-comparison between the core radiation transfer models adopted by the SWERA Project to map the solar energy in the various countries participating in the project. The HELIOSAT model took part in this phase like benchmark due to its employment to map solar energy resources in countries from European Union. In the second phase, the solar flux estimates provided by the BRASIL-SR model were compared with measured values acquired at several solarimetric stations spread along the Brazilian territory
Modeling the response of the California Current system to global greenhouse warming. Final report to the National Institute for Global Environmental Change (August 1993)
This is the final report for the project ``Modeling the Response of the California Current System to Global Greenhouse Warming,`` supported 1990 and 1991 by NIGEC. The scientists involved are Dr. Richard C.J. Somerville and Alejandro Paries-Sierra of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD. A copy of papers submitted to the Journal of Physical Oceanography, and Geofisica Internacional that were supported in part or whole by WEST-GEC, as well as a summary of a talk delivered at the XX General Assembly of the IUGG, Vienna (1991) are appended to this report. The objective of the research was to improve the understanding of the response of the California Current system to the large-scale anomalous forcing thought to be associated with greenhouse warming. The authors viewed this as a necessary initial step in the study of the California climate response to global change.
Pares-Sierra, A.; Somerville, R.C.J.
The Granular Sea Ice Model in Spherical Coordinates and Its Application to a Global Climate Model
The granular sea ice model (GRAN) from Tremblay and Mysak is converted from Cartesian to spherical coordinates. In this conversion, the metric terms in the divergence of the deviatoric stress and in the strain rates are included. As an ...
Jan Sedlacek; Jean-Fran�ois Lemieux; Lawrence A. Mysak; L. Bruno Tremblay; David M. Holland
A 3-D Canopy Radiative Transfer Model for Global Climate Modeling: Description, Validation and Application
The process of solar radiative transfer at the land surface is important to energy, water and carbon balance, especially for vegetated areas. Currently the most commonly used two-stream model considers the Plant Functional Types (PFTs) within a ...
Hua Yuan; Robert E. Dickinson; Yongjiu Dai; Muhammad J. Shaikh; Liming Zhou; Wei Shangguan; Duoying Ji
A Global Climate Model (GENESIS) with a Land-Surface Transfer Scheme (LSX). Part II: CO2 Sensitivity
The sensitivity of the equilibrium climate to doubled atmospheric CO2 is investigated using the GENESIS global climate model version 1.02. The atmospheric general circulation model is a heavily modified version of the NCAR CCM1 and is coupled to ...
Simulation of the Stable Water Isotopes in Precipitation over South America: Comparing Regional to Global Circulation Models
A simulation of the stable water isotope cycle over South America by the regional circulation model REMOiso is discussed. The performance of the regional model, with a resolution of 0.5� (55 km), is compared to simulations by the global ...
Christophe Sturm; Georg Hoffmann; B�rbel Langmann
What do people know about global climate change 1. Mental models
A set of exploratory studies and mental model interviews was conducted in order to characterize public understanding of climate change. In general, respondents regarded global warming as both bad and highly likely. Many believed that warming has already occurred. They tended to confuse stratospheric ozone depletion with the greenhouse effect and weather with climate. Automobile use, heat and emissions from industrial processes, aerosol spray cans, and pollution in general were frequently perceived as primary causes of global warming. Additionally, the [open quotes]greenhouse effect[close quotes] was often interpreted literally as the cause of a hot and steamy climate. The effects attributed to climate change often included increased skin cancer and changed agricultural yields. The mitigation and control strategies proposed by interviewees typically focused on general pollution control, with few specific links to carbon dioxide and energy use. Respondents appeared to be relatively unfamiliar with such regulatory developments as the ban on CFCs for nonessential uses. These beliefs must be considered by those designing risk communications or presenting climate-related policies to the public. 20 refs., 4 tabs.
Bostrom, A. (Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)); Morgan, M.G.; Fischhoff, B.; Read, D. (Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States))
Global Soil Moisture from Satellite Observations, Land Surface Models, and Ground Data: Implications for Data Assimilation
Three independent surface soil moisture datasets for the period 1979�87 are compared: 1) global retrievals from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), 2) global soil moisture derived from observed meteorological forcing using the ...
Rolf H. Reichle; Randal D. Koster; Jiarui Dong; Aaron A. Berg
Analyses of Global Monthly Precipitation Using Gauge Observations, Satellite Estimates, and Numerical Model Predictions
An algorithm is developed to construct global gridded fields of monthly precipitation by merging estimates from five sources of information with different characteristics, including gauge-based monthly analyses from the Global Precipitation ...
Pingping Xie; Phillip A. Arkin
Bringing Clouds into Focus: A New Global Climate Model May Reduce the
Bringing Clouds into Bringing Clouds into Focus Bringing Clouds into Focus A New Global Climate Model May Reduce the Uncertainty of Climate Forecasting May 11, 2010 | Tags: Lattice QCD Contact: John Hules, email@example.com , +1 510 486 6008 Randall-fig4.png The large data sets generated by the GCRM require new analysis and visualization capabilities. This 3D plot of vorticity isosurfaces was developed using VisIt, a 3D visualization tool with a parallel distributed architecture, which is being extended to support the geodesic grid used by the GCRM. (Image Courtesy of the NERSC Analytics Team) Clouds exert two competing effects on the Earth's temperature: they cool the planet by reflecting solar radiation back to space, but they also warm the planet by trapping heat near the surface. These two effects coexist in
Do Models and Observations Disagree on the Rainfall Response to Global Warming?
Recently analyzed satellite-derived global precipitation datasets from 1987 to 2006 indicate an increase in global-mean precipitation of 1.1%�1.4% decade?1. This trend corresponds to a hydrological sensitivity (HS) of 7% K?1 of global warming, ...
Beate G. Liepert; Michael Previdi
Understanding Changes in the Asian Summer Monsoon over the Past Millennium: Insights from a Long-Term Coupled Model Simulation
The Asian summer monsoon (ASM) and its variability were investigated over the past millennium through the analysis of a long-term simulation of the NCAR Climate System Model, version 1.4 (CSM 1.4) coupled model driven with estimated natural and ...
Fangxing Fan; Michael E. Mann; Caspar M. Ammann
Enduse Global Emissions Mitigation Scenarios (EGEMS): A New Generation of Energy Efficiency Policy Planning Models
This paper presents efforts to date and prospective goals towards development of a modelling and analysis framework which is comprehensive enough to address the global climate crisis, and detailed enough to provide policymakers with concrete targets and achievable outcomes. In terms of energy efficiency policy, this requires coverage of the entire world, with emphasis on countries and regions with large and/or rapidly growing energy-related emissions, and analysis at the 'technology' level-building end use, transport mode or industrial process. These elements have not been fully addressed by existing modelling efforts, which usually take either a top-down approach, or concentrate on a few fully industrialized countries where energy demand is well-understood. Inclusion of details such as appliance ownership rates, use patterns and efficiency levels throughout the world allows for a deeper understanding of the demand for energy today and, more importantly, over the coming decades. This is a necessary next step for energy analysts and policy makers in assessment of mitigation potentials. The modelling system developed at LBNL over the past 3 years takes advantage of experience in end use demand and in forecasting markets for energy-consuming equipment, in combination with known technology-based efficiency opportunities and policy types. A particular emphasis has been placed on modelling energy growth in developing countries. Experiences to date include analyses covering individual countries (China and India), end uses (refrigerators and air conditioners) and policy types (standards and labelling). Each of these studies required a particular effort in data collection and model refinement--they share, however, a consistent approach and framework which allows comparison, and forms the foundation of a comprehensive analysis system leading to a roadmap to address the greenhouse gas mitigation targetslikely to be set in the coming years.
McNeil, Michael A.; de la Rue du Can, Stephane; McMahon, James E.
Multiscale Convective Wave Disturbances in the Tropics: Insights from a Two-Dimensional Cloud-Resolving Model
Multiscale convective wave disturbances with structures broadly resembling observed tropical waves are found to emerge spontaneously in a nonrotating, two-dimensional cloud model forced by uniform cooling. To articulate the dynamics of these ...
Stefan N. Tulich; Brian E. Mapes
Biogeochemistry of Carbon in the Amazonian Floodplains over a 2000-km Reach: Insights from a Process-Based Model
The influence of Amazonian floodplains on the hydrological, sedimentary, and biogeochemical river budget was investigated over a 2000-km reach. A process-based model relying on the closure of chemical fluxes and isotopic signals was implemented. ...
Vincent Bustillo; Reynaldo Luiz Victoria; Jose Mauro Sousa de Moura; Daniel de Castro Victoria; Andre Marcondes Andrade Toledo; Erich Colicchio
Global distribution and climate forcing of marine organic aerosol: 1. Model improvements and evaluation
Marine organic aerosol emissions have been implemented and evaluated within the National Center of Atmospheric Research (NCAR)'s Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5) with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's 7-mode Modal Aerosol Module (MAM-7). Emissions of marine primary organic aerosols (POA), phytoplanktonproduced isoprene- and monoterpenes-derived secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and methane sulfonate (MS{sup -}) are shown to affect surface concentrations of organic aerosols in remote marine regions. Global emissions of submicron marine POA is estimated to be 7.9 and 9.4 Tg yr{sup -1}, for the Gantt et al. (2011) and Vignati et al. (2010) emission parameterizations, respectively. Marine sources of SOA and particulate MS{sup -} (containing both sulfur and carbon atoms) contribute an additional 0.2 and 5.1 Tg yr{sup -1}, respectively. Widespread areas over productive waters of the Northern Atlantic, Northern Pacific, and the Southern Ocean show marine-source submicron organic aerosol surface concentrations of 100 ngm{sup -3}, with values up to 400 ngm{sup -3} over biologically productive areas. Comparison of long-term surface observations of water insoluble organic matter (WIOM) with POA concentrations from the two emission parameterizations shows that despite revealed discrepancies (often more than a factor of 2), both Gantt et al. (2011) and Vignati et al. (2010) formulations are able to capture the magnitude of marine organic aerosol concentrations, with the Gantt et al. (2011) parameterization attaining better seasonality. Model simulations show that the mixing state of the marine POA can impact the surface number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The largest increases (up to 20 %) in CCN (at a supersaturation (S) of 0.2 %) number concentration are obtained over biologically productive ocean waters when marine organic aerosol is assumed to be externally mixed with sea-salt. Assuming marine organics are internally-mixed with sea-salt provides diverse results with increases and decreases in the concentration of CCN over different parts of the ocean. The sign of the CCN change due to the addition of marine organics to seasalt aerosol is determined by the relative significance of the increase in mean modal diameter due to addition of mass, and the decrease in particle hygroscopicity due to compositional changes in marine aerosol. Based on emerging evidence for increased CCN concentration over biologically active surface ocean areas/periods, our study suggests that treatment of sea spray in global climate models (GCMs) as an internal mixture of marine organic aerosols and sea-salt will likely lead to an underestimation in CCN number concentration.
Meskhidze, N.; Xu, J.; Gantt, Brett; Zhang, Yang; Nenes, Athanasios; Ghan, Steven J.; Liu, Xiaohong; Easter, Richard C.; Zaveri, Rahul A.
Global existence for a hydrogen storage model with full energy balance
A thermo-mechanical model describing hydrogen storage by use of metal hydrides has been recently proposed in a paper by Bonetti, Fr\\'emond and Lexcellent. It describes the formation of hydrides using the phase transition approach. By virtue of the laws of continuum thermo-mechanics, the model leads to a phase transition problem in terms of three state variables: the temperature, the phase parameter representing the fraction of one solid phase, and the pressure, and is derived within a generalization of the principle of virtual powers proposed by Fr\\'emond accounting for micro-forces, responsible for the phase transition, in the whole energy balance of the system. Three coupled nonlinear partial differential equations combined with initial and boundary conditions have to be solved. The main difficulty in investigating the resulting system of partial differential equations relies on the presence of the squared time derivative of the order parameter in the energy balance equation. Here, the global existence of a...
Bonetti, Elena; Lauren�ot, Philippe
Simulated Diurnal Range and Variability of Surface Temperature in a Global Climate Model for Present and Doubled C02 Climates
The variability of surface temperature simulated by a global climate model with a simple mixed-layer ocean is analyzed. The simulated diurnal and seasonal ranges of temperature are compared with observation, as is the day-to-day and interannual ...
Hong Xing Cao; J. F. B. Mitchell; J. R. Lavery
The Response of a Global Ocean General Circulation Model to Climatological Surface Boundary Conditions for Temperature and Salinity
The response of a global ocean general circulation model (OGCM) to different surface heat and freshwater fluxes is examined. The aim is to determine the most appropriate way to spin up an OGCM prior to coupling it with an atmospheric GCM. ...
Andrew M. Moore; Christopher J. C. Reason
Projected Impact of Climate Change on the Energy Budget of the Arctic Ocean by a Global Climate Model
The annual energy budget of the Arctic Ocean is characterized by a net heat loss at the air�sea interface that is balanced by oceanic heat transport into the Arctic. Two 150-yr simulations (1950�2099) of a global climate model are used to examine ...
James R. Miller; Gary L. Russell
Multicentury Changes to the Global Climate and Carbon Cycle: Results from a Coupled Climate and Carbon Cycle Model
A coupled climate and carbon (CO2) cycle model is used to investigate the global climate and carbon cycle changes out to the year 2300 that would occur if CO2 emissions from all the currently estimated fossil fuel resources were released to the ...
G. Bala; K. Caldeira; A. Mirin; M. Wickett; C. Delire
A Variable-Resolution Semi-Lagrangian Finite-Element Global Model of the Shallow-Water Equations
To meet the needs of short- and medium-range operational forecasting, the authors propose a unified strategy based on the use of a global variable-resolution model, run in two different configurations. These are as follows: (i) a variable-...
Jean C�t�; Michel Roch; Andrew Staniforth; Luc Fillion
A Global Multilevel Atmospheric Model Using a Vector Semi-Lagrangian Finite-Difference Scheme. Part I: Adiabatic Formulation
An adiabatic global multilevel primitive equation model using a two time-level, semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit finite-difference integration scheme is presented. A Lorenz grid is used for the vertical discretization and a C grid for the horizontal ...
J. R. Bates; S. Moorthi; R. W. Higgins
Response of tropical cyclones to idealized climate change experiments in a global high resolution coupled general circulation model
We present an assessment of how tropical cyclone activity might change due to the influence of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, using the UK�s High Resolution Global Environment Model (HiGEM) with N144 resolution (~90 km in the ...
of Carbon Dioxide Emissions on GNP Growth: Interpretation ofMcNeil et al Enduse Global Emissions Mitigation Scenarios (Keywords Greenhouse gas emissions, emissions scenarios,
McNeil, Michael A.
Modeling the Oil Transition: A Summary of the Proceedings of the DOE/EPA Workshop on the Economic and Environmental Implications of Global Energy Transitions
The global energy system faces sweeping changes in the next few decades, with potentially critical implications for the global economy and the global environment. It is important that global institutions have the tools necessary to predict, analyze and plan for such massive change. This report summarizes the proceedings of an international workshop concerning methods of forecasting, analyzing, and planning for global energy transitions and their economic and environmental consequences. A specific case, it focused on the transition from conventional to unconventional oil and other energy sources likely to result from a peak in non-OPEC and/or global production of conventional oil. Leading energy models from around the world in government, academia and the private sector met, reviewed the state-of-the-art of global energy modeling and evaluated its ability to analyze and predict large-scale energy transitions.
Greene, David L [ORNL
GA-GPU: extending a library-based global address spaceprogramming model for scalable heterogeneouscomputing systems
Scalable heterogeneous computing (SHC) architectures are emerging as a response to new requirements for low cost, power efficiency, and high performance. For example, numerous contemporary HPC systems are using commodity Graphical Processing Units (GPU) ... Keywords: armci, ga, gas, global address space, global arrays, gpu, nwchem, pgas
Vinod Tipparaju; Jeffrey S. Vetter
Predictability of Total Ozone Using a Global Three-Dimensional Chemical Transport Model Coupled with the MRI/JMA98 GCM
A global three-dimensional chemical transport model is being developed for forecasting total ozone. The model includes detailed stratospheric chemistry and transport and couples with a dynamical module of the Meteorological Research Institute/...
T. T. Sekiyama; K. Shibata
Testing the Effects of a New Land Surface Scheme and of Initial Soil Moisture Conditions in the Canadian Global Forecast Model
A new land surface scheme developed for the Canadian general circulation model has been introduced into the Canadian global forecast model and tested for a summer case. It features three soil layers, a snow layer, and a vegetation layer; its ...
Yves Delage; Diana Verseghy
Seasonal Near-Surface Dynamics and Thermodynamics of the Indian Ocean and Indonesian Throughflow in a Global Ocean General Circulation Model
The near-surface dynamics and thermodynamics of the Indian Ocean are examined in a global ocean general circulation model (OGCM) with enhanced tropical resolution. The model uses a Seager-type heat flux formulation (weak relaxation toward a fixed ...
A. Schiller; J. S. Godfrey; P. C. McIntosh; G. Meyers; S. E. Wijffels
A Classical-Theory-Based Parameterization of Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation by Mineral Dust, Soot, and Biological Particles in a Global Climate Model
An ice nucleation parameterization based on classical nucleation theory, with aerosol-specific parameters derived from experiments, has been implemented into a global climate model�the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM)-Oslo. The parameterization ...
Corinna Hoose; J�n Egill Kristj�nsson; Jen-Ping Chen; Anupam Hazra
Global Precipitation Estimates Based on a Technique for Combining Satellite-Based Estimates, Rain Gauge Analysis, and NWP Model Precipitation Information
The �satellite-gauge-model� (SGM) technique is described for combining precipitation estimates from microwave satellite data, infrared satellite data, rain gauge analyses, and numerical weather prediction models into improved estimates of global ...
George J. Huffman; Robert F. Adler; Bruno Rudolf; Udo Schneider; Peter R. Keehn
Multiscale Interactions in the Life Cycle of a Tropical Cyclone Simulated in a Global Cloud-System-Resolving Model. Part II: System-Scale and Mesoscale Processes
The life cycle of Tropical Storm Isobel was simulated reasonably well in the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM), a global cloud-system-resolving model. The evolution of the large-scale circulation and the storm-scale structure ...
Hironori Fudeyasu; Yuqing Wang; Masaki Satoh; Tomoe Nasuno; Hiroaki Miura; Wataru Yanase
GFDL�s ESM2 Global Coupled Climate�Carbon Earth System Models. Part I: Physical Formulation and Baseline Simulation Characteristics
The physical climate formulation and simulation characteristics of two new global coupled carbon�climate Earth System Models, ESM2M and ESM2G, are described. These models demonstrate similar climate fidelity as the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics ...
John P. Dunne; Jasmin G. John; Alistair J. Adcroft; Stephen M. Griffies; Robert W. Hallberg; Elena Shevliakova; Ronald J. Stouffer; William Cooke; Krista A. Dunne; Matthew J. Harrison; John P. Krasting; Sergey L. Malyshev; P. C. D. Milly; Peter J. Phillipps; Lori T. Sentman; Bonita L. Samuels; Michael J. Spelman; Michael Winton; Andrew T. Wittenberg; Niki Zadeh
Insights Into the P-To-Q Conversion in the Catalytic Cycle of Methane Monooxygenase From a Synthetic Model System
For the catalytic cycle of soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO), it has been proposed that cleavage of the O-O bond in the ({mu}-peroxo)diiron(III) intermediate P gives rise to the diiron(IV) intermediate Q with an Fe{sub 2}({mu}-O){sub 2} diamond core, which oxidizes methane to methanol. As a model for this conversion, ({mu}-oxo) diiron(III) complex 1 ([Fe{sup III}{sub 2}({mu}-O)({mu}-O{sub 2}H{sub 3})(L){sub 2}]{sup 3+}, L = tris(3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxypyridyl-2-methyl)amine) has been treated consecutively with one eq of H{sub 2}O{sub 2} and one eq of HClO{sub 4} to form 3 ([Fe{sup IV}{sub 2}({mu}-O){sub 2}(L){sub 2}]{sup 4+}). In the course of this reaction a new species, 2, can be observed before the protonation step; 2 gives rise to a cationic peak cluster by ESI-MS at m/z 1,399, corresponding to the [Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}L{sub 2}H](OTf){sub 2}{sup +} ion in which 1 oxygen atom derives from 1 and the other two originate from H{sub 2}O{sub 2}. Moessbauer studies of 2 reveal the presence of two distinct, exchange coupled iron(IV) centers, and EXAFS fits indicate a short Fe-O bond at 1.66 {angstrom} and an Fe-Fe distance of 3.32 {angstrom}. Taken together, the spectroscopic data point to an HO-Fe{sup IV}-O-Fe{sup IV} = O core for 2. Protonation of 2 results in the loss of H{sub 2}O and the formation of 3. Isotope labeling experiments show that the [Fe{sup IV}{sub 2}({mu}-O){sub 2}] core of 3 can incorporate both oxygen atoms from H{sub 2}O{sub 2}. The reactions described here serve as the only biomimetic precedent for the conversion of intermediates P to Q in the sMMO reaction cycle and shed light on how a peroxodiiron(III) unit can transform into an [Fe{sup IV}{sub 2}({mu}-O){sub 2}] core.
Xue, G.; Fiedler, A.T.; Martinho, M.; Munck, E.; Que, L.; Jr.
A Model for the Estimation of Global Solar Radiation Using Fuzzy Random Variables
In this paper, the concept of fuzzy random variables is applied for the estimation of global solar radiation on a surface at ground level. The cloudiness index is defined as the fraction of extraterrestrial radiation that reaches the earth's ...
Nalin K. Gautam; N. D. Kaushika
Optimization of the Fixed Global Observing Network in a Simple Model
An exact closed form expression for the infinite time analysis and forecast error covariances of a Kalman filter is used to investigate how the locations of fixed observing platforms such as radiosonde stations affect global distributions of ...
Craig H. Bishop; Carolyn A. Reynolds; Michael K. Tippett
Real &me numerical forecast of global epidemic spreading using large-scale computa&onal models
Real &me numerical forecast of global epidemic spreading using large conditions). Forecast = best prediction given the present knowledge on the system. Projection = attempt functionalities) #12;Real time forecast for the H1N1pdm (2009) Key parameters
Cattuto, Ciro
Tropical Cyclone Climatology in a 10-km Global Atmospheric GCM: Toward Weather-Resolving Climate Modeling
Northern Hemisphere tropical cyclone (TC) activity is investigated in multiyear global climate simulations with the ECMWF Integrated Forecast System (IFS) at 10-km resolution forced by the observed records of sea surface temperature and sea ice. ...
Julia V. Manganello; Kevin I. Hodges; James L. Kinter III; Benjamin A. Cash; Lawrence Marx; Thomas Jung; Deepthi Achuthavarier; Jennifer M. Adams; Eric L. Altshuler; Bohua Huang; Emilia K. Jin; Cristiana Stan; Peter Towers; Nils Wedi
The Description of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System's Spectral Forecast Model
We present a description of the development of the spectral forecast components of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS). The original system, called 3.0, was introduced in January 1988. New versions were introduced ...
Timothy F. Hogan; Thomas E. Rosmond
A Simple Model for the Skewness of Global Sea Surface Winds
A strong linear relationship between the mean and skewness of global sea surface winds (both zonal and meridional) is shown to exist, such that where the wind component is on average positive, it is negatively skewed (and vice versa). This ...
Adam Hugh Monahan
Stable Isotopes as Validation Tools for Global Climate Model Predictions of the Impact of Amazonian Deforestation
This paper examines changes in isotopic abundances for 18O and deuterium in precipitation over the Amazon basin based on data in the Global Network on Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) database from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)/...
A. Henderson-Sellers; K. McGuffie; H. Zhang
Safety analysis of TCAS on Global Hawk using airspace encounter models
The U.S. Air Force's RQ-4 Global Hawk unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a high altitude, long endurance aircraft used for surveillance and reconnaissance. Because of the potential for close proximity to manned aircraft in ...
Billingsley, Thomas B. (Thomas Boyd)
A Variable Resolution Global Model Based upon Fourier and Finite Element Representation
We describe the development and preliminary testing of a numerical scheme designed to predict the global circulation which can also telescope into local subdomains of enhanced vertical and horizontal resolution. The accuracy of the method appears ...
Jan Paegle
California Winter Precipitation Change under Global Warming in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 Ensemble
Projections of possible precipitation change in California under global warming have been subject to considerable uncertainty because California lies between the region anticipated to undergo increases in precipitation at mid-to-high latitudes and ...
J. David Neelin; Baird Langenbrunner; Joyce E. Meyerson; Alex Hall; Neil Berg
Modeling of Downward Surface Longwave Flux Density for Global Change Applications and Comparison with Pyrgeometer Measurements
The success of satellite monitoring of global climate change depends on the ability to validate satellite inference methods against accurate �ground truth.� Under a recent World Meteorological Organization�World Climate Research Program activity ...
F. Miskolczi
Climate change and agriculture : global and regional effects using an economic model of international trade
Empirical estimates of the economic welfare implications of the impact of climate change on global agricultural production are made. Agricultural yield changes resulting from climate scenarios associated with a doubling ...
Reilly, John M.
Global asymptotic behavior of a two-dimensional difference equation modelling competition
We investigate the global asymptotic behavior of solutions of the system of difference equations xn+1 = xn/ a + cyn, yn+1 = yn/ b + dxn, n =0,1,..., where the parameters a ... Keywords: asymptotic behavior, monotonicity, stability, stable manifold
Dean Clark; M. R. S. Kulenovic�; James F. Selgrade
Moral purpose, economic incentive and global trade : why new business models are needed
Globalization has occurred in various forms over the past century, yet only recently has it become daily news. This evolving process has created numerous underlying tensions that are not well understood. While western ...
Samel, Hiram M
Including Croplands in a Global Biosphere Model: Methodology and Evaluation at Specific Sites
There is a strong international demand for quantitative estimates of both carbon sources/sinks, and water availability at the land surface at various spatial scales (regional to global). These estimates can be derived (and usually are) from ...
S�bastien Gervois; Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudr�; Nicolas Viovy; Philippe Ciais; Nadine Brisson; Bernard Seguin; Alain Perrier
Using a total landed cost model to foster global logistics strategy in the electronics industry
Global operation strategies have been widely used in the last several decades as many companies and industries have taken advantage of lower production costs. However, in choosing a location, companies often only consider ...
Jearasatit, Apichart
A Simple Atmospheric Model of Surface Heat Flux for Use in Ocean Modeling Studies
A simple model of the lower atmospheric layers and land/sea ice surface is described and analyzed. The model is able to depict with reasonable accuracy the global ocean heat fluxes. Due to the model's simplicity, insight into the mechanisms ...
Richard Kleeman; Scott B. Power
Global tropospheric chemistry models for radiatively important trace species: Design and research recommendations
Changes in the Earth`s climate could significantly affect regional and global concentrations of trace species that are criteria pollutants regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The policy community also needs to know how changes in global natural and anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, particulate aerosols, and aerosol precursors will affect the distribution and concentration of these pollutants. This report maps out one path for obtaining this information.
Barchet, W.R.; Brothers, A.J.; Berkowitz, C.M.; Easter, R.C.; Ghan, S.J.; Saylor, R.D.
Modeling global atmospheric CO2 with improved emission inventories and CO2 production from the oxidation of other carbon species
The use of global three-dimensional (3-D) models with satellite observations of CO2 in inverse modeling studies is an area of growing importance for understanding Earth s carbon cycle. Here we use the GEOS-Chem model (version 8-02-01) CO2 mode with multiple modifications in order to assess their impact on CO2 forward simulations. Modifications include CO2 surface emissions from shipping (0.19 PgC yr 1), 3-D spatially-distributed emissions from aviation (0.16 PgC yr 1), and 3-D chemical production of CO2 (1.05 PgC yr 1). Although CO2 chemical production from the oxidation of CO, CH4 and other carbon gases is recognized as an important contribution to global CO2, it is typically accounted for by conversion from its precursors at the surface rather than in the free troposphere. We base our model 3-D spatial distribution of CO2 chemical production on monthly-averaged loss rates of CO (a key precursor and intermediate in the oxidation of organic carbon) and apply an associated surface correction for inventories that have counted emissions of CO2 precursors as CO2. We also explore the benefit of assimilating satellite observations of CO into GEOS-Chem to obtain an observation-based estimate of the CO2 chemical source. The CO assimilation corrects for an underestimate of atmospheric CO abundances in the model, resulting in increases of as much as 24% in the chemical source during May June 2006, and increasing the global annual estimate of CO2 chemical production from 1.05 to 1.18 Pg C. Comparisons of model CO2 with measurements are carried out in order to investigate the spatial and temporal distributions that result when these new sources are added. Inclusion of CO2 emissions from shipping and aviation are shown to increase the global CO2 latitudinal gradient by just over 0.10 ppm (3%), while the inclusion of CO2 chemical production (and the surface correction) is shown to decrease the latitudinal gradient by about 0.40 ppm (10%) with a complex spatial structure generally resulting in decreased CO2 over land and increased CO2 over the oceans. Since these CO2 emissions are omitted or misrepresented in most inverse modeling work to date, their implementation in forward simulations should lead to improved inverse modeling estimates of terrestrial biospheric fluxes.
Nassar, Ray [University of Toronto; Jones, DBA [University of Toronto; Suntharalingam, P [University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Chen, j. [University of Toronto; Andres, Robert Joseph [ORNL; Wecht, K. J. [Harvard University; Yantosca, R. M. [Harvard University; Kulawik, SS [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA; Bowman, K [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA; Worden, JR [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA; Machida, T [National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan; Matsueda, H [Meteorological Research Institute, Japan
Real-time spatio-temporal analytics using Microsoft StreamInsight
Microsoft StreamInsight (StreamInsight, for brevity) is a platform for developing and deploying streaming applications that run continuous queries over high-rate streaming events. StreamInsight adopts a temporal stream model to handle imperfections in ... Keywords: SQL server, StreamInsight, analytics, complex event processing, data streaming, spatio-temporal
Mohamed Ali; Badrish Chandramouli; Balan S. Raman; Ed Katibah
An extensible test framework for the Microsoft StreamInsight query processor
Microsoft StreamInsight (StreamInsight, for brevity) is a platform for developing and deploying streaming applications. StreamInsight adopts a deterministic stream model that leverages a temporal algebra as the underlying basis for processing ... Keywords: SQL server, StreamInsight, data streaming, testing, verification
Alex Raizman; Asvin Ananthanarayan; Anton Kirilov; Badrish Chandramouli; Mohamed Ali
Passive millimeter-wave retrieval of global precipitation utilizing satellites and a numerical weather prediction model
This thesis develops and validates the MM5/TBSCAT/F([lambda]) model, composed of a mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) model (MM5), a two-stream radiative transfer model (TBSCAT), and electromagnetic models for ...
Surussavadee, Chinnawat
and sequestration as natural gas prices rise. INTRODUCTION Heightened concerns about global climate change have were added to EPPA for 1) coal power generation with CCS (coal capture), 2) natural gas combined cycle pulverized coal technology and the 3 #12;advanced natural gas technology. Compared with the pulverized coal
Estimates of the Global Water Budget and Its Annual Cycle Using Observational and Model Data
A brief review is given of research in the Climate Analysis Section at NCAR on the water cycle. Results are used to provide a new estimate of the global hydrological cycle for long-term annual means that includes estimates of the main reservoirs ...
Kevin E. Trenberth; Lesley Smith; Taotao Qian; Aiguo Dai; John Fasullo
High resolution simulation of the South Asian monsoon using a variable resolution global climate model
High resolution simulation of the South Asian monsoon using a variable resolution global climate understand regional aspects of the South Asian monsoon rainfall distribution and the interactions between monsoon circulation and precipitation. For this purpose, two sets of ten member realizations are produced
Hourdin, Chez Frédéric
Three-dimensional model for the global quality of a website
Websites quality is strategically important for organisations and for the satisfaction of their clients. In this paper we propose an innovative high-level structure for a global quality evaluation of a website. This structure is based in three main dimensions ...
�lvaro Rocha
A Technique for Global Monitoring of Net Solar Irradiance at the Ocean Surface. Part I: Model
An algorithm based on radiative transfer theory is presented to generate the first accurate, long-term (84- month) climatology of net surface solar irradiance over the global oceans from Nimbus-7 earth radiation budget (ERB) wide-field-of-view ...
Robert Frouin; Beth Chertock
Implications for the creation of warm saline deep water: Late Paleocene reconstructions and global climate model simulations
A global warming trend began during the late Paleocene that culminated in the early Eocene with the highest global temperatures of the Cenozoic. We have reconstructed late Paleocene surfacial boundary conditions and modeled atmospheric conditions using the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model version II (GISS GCM II). These experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that warm saline deep water formed during the late paleocene and to understand atmospheric circulation near the beginning of a period of global warming. The warming is attributed primarily to increased sea surface temperatures at high latitudes. The sensitivity of the climate to ocean temperature was tested using two sea surface temperature distributions, each delimited latitudinally by oxygen isotope values, but with different east-west gradients. The simulations discussed here contain several features unique among warm climate experiments. The first experiment (P-1) used latitudinally constant (zonal) sea surface temperatures. The zonally distributed sea surface temperatures strengthen the general circulation of the atmosphere. In particular, Hadley Cell circulation is intensified, leading to extremes of precipitation in the equatorial region and extreme evaporation across subtropical oceans. The unusual results prompted a second experiment with modern east-west sea surface temperature gradients superimposed and referred to as P-Gradient (P-Grad). 84 refs., 10 figs., 4 tabs.
O`Connell, S. [Wesleyan Univ., Middletown, CT (United States); Chandler, M.A. [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)]|[Goddard Inst. of Space Studies, New York, NY (United States); Ruedy, R. [Goddard Inst. of Space Studies, New York, NY (United States)
Empirical support for global integrated assessment modeling: Productivity trends and technological change in developing countries' agriculture and electric power sectors
Integrated assessment (IA) modeling of climate policy is increasingly global in nature, with models incorporating regional disaggregation. The existing empirical basis for IA modeling, however, largely arises from research on industrialized economies. Given the growing importance of developing countries in determining long-term global energy and carbon emissions trends, filling this gap with improved statistical information on developing countries' energy and carbon-emissions characteristics is an important priority for enhancing IA modeling. Earlier research at LBNL on this topic has focused on assembling and analyzing statistical data on productivity trends and technological change in the energy-intensive manufacturing sectors of five developing countries, India, Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia, and South Korea. The proposed work will extend this analysis to the agriculture and electric power sectors in India, South Korea, and two other developing countries. They will also examine the impact of alternative model specifications on estimates of productivity growth and technological change for each of the three sectors, and estimate the contribution of various capital inputs--imported vs. indigenous, rigid vs. malleable-- in contributing to productivity growth and technological change. The project has already produced a data resource on the manufacturing sector which is being shared with IA modelers. This will be extended to the agriculture and electric power sectors, which would also be made accessible to IA modeling groups seeking to enhance the empirical descriptions of developing country characteristics. The project will entail basic statistical and econometric analysis of productivity and energy trends in these developing country sectors, with parameter estimates also made available to modeling groups. The parameter estimates will be developed using alternative model specifications that could be directly utilized by the existing IAMs for the manufacturing, agriculture, and electric power sectors.
Sathaye, Jayant A.
Global Simulation of Bioenergy Crop Productivity: Analytical framework and Case Study for Switchgrass
Contemporary global assessments of the deployment potential and sustainability aspects of biofuel crops lack quantitative details. This paper describes an analytical framework capable of meeting the challenges associated with global scale agro-ecosystem modeling. We designed a modeling platform for bioenergy crops, consisting of five major components: (i) standardized global natural resources and management data sets, (ii) global simulation unit and management scenarios, (iii) model calibration and validation, (iv) high-performance computing (HPC) modeling, and (v) simulation output processing and analysis. A case study with the HPC- Environmental Policy Integrated Climate model (HPC-EPIC) to simulate a perennial bioenergy crop, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and global biomass feedstock analysis on grassland demonstrates the application of this platform. The results illustrate biomass feedstock variability of switchgrass and provide insights on how the modeling platform can be expanded to better assess sustainable production criteria and other biomass crops. Feedstock potentials on global grasslands and within different countries are also shown. Future efforts involve developing databases of productivity, implementing global simulations for other bioenergy crops (e.g. miscanthus, energycane and agave), and assessing environmental impacts under various management regimes. We anticipated this platform will provide an exemplary tool and assessment data for international communities to conduct global analysis of biofuel biomass feedstocks and sustainability.
Nair, S. Surendran [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK)] [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); Nichols, Jeff A. {Cyber Sciences} [ORNL; Post, Wilfred M [ORNL] [ORNL; Wang, Dali [ORNL] [ORNL; Wullschleger, Stan D [ORNL] [ORNL; Kline, Keith L [ORNL] [ORNL; Wei, Yaxing [ORNL] [ORNL; Singh, Nagendra [ORNL] [ORNL; Kang, Shujiang [ORNL] [ORNL
Creating suites of models with system entity structure: global warming example
We describe how to develop a suite of models in the MS4 Modeling Environment. The approach employs the operation of merging of System Entity Structures supported by the environment. After construction, the suite of models can be hosted on Model Store, ... Keywords: component-based modeling, suite of models, system entity structure, systems of systems
Bernard P. Zeigler, Chungman Seo, Robert Coop, Doohwan Kim
Moisture Flux Convergence in Regional and Global Climate Models: Implications for Droughts in the Southwestern United States Under Climate Change
The water cycle of the southwestern United States (SW) is dominated by winter storms that maintain a positive annual net precipitation. Analysis of the control and future climate from four pairs of regional and global climate models (RCMs and GCMs) shows that the RCMs simulate a higher fraction of transient eddy moisture fluxes because the hydrodynamic instabilities associated with flow over complex terrain are better resolved. Under global warming, this enables the RCMs to capture the response of transient eddies to increased atmospheric stability that allows more moisture to converge on the windward side of the mountains by blocking. As a result, RCMs simulate enhanced transient eddy moisture convergence in the SW compared to GCMs, although both robustly simulate drying due to enhanced moisture divergence by the divergent mean flow in a warmer climate. This enhanced convergence leads to reduced susceptibility to hydrological change in the RCMs compared to GCMs.
Gao, Yanhong; Leung, Lai-Yung R.; Salathe, E.; Dominguez, Francina; Nijssen, Bart; Lettenmaier, D. P.
Scientific Final Report: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: CONTINUOUS DYNAMIC GRID ADAPTATION IN A GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL: APPLICATION AND REFINEMENT
This project had goals of advancing the performance capabilities of the numerical general circulation model EULAG and using it to produce a fully operational atmospheric global climate model (AGCM) that can employ either static or dynamic grid stretching for targeted phenomena. The resulting AGCM combined EULAG's advanced dynamics core with the 'physics' of the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model (CAM). Effort discussed below shows how we improved model performance and tested both EULAG and the coupled CAM-EULAG in several ways to demonstrate the grid stretching and ability to simulate very well a wide range of scales, that is, multi-scale capability. We leveraged our effort through interaction with an international EULAG community that has collectively developed new features and applications of EULAG, which we exploited for our own work summarized here. Overall, the work contributed to over 40 peer-reviewed publications and over 70 conference/workshop/seminar presentations, many of them invited.
William J. Gutowski; Joseph M. Prusa, Piotr K. Smolarkiewicz
GATE Air-Sea Interactions II: Numerical-Model Calculation of Regional Sea-Surface Temperature Fields Using the GATE Version III Gridded Global Data Set
The numerical model of air-sea interaction previously described in Brown et al. (1982), Pandolfo and Jacobs (1972) and Pandolfo (1969) is applied over a limited horizontal portion of the GATE III Gridded Global Data set (including continental ...
P. S. Brown Jr.; J. P. Pandolfo; G. D. Robinson
The Use of Global and Mesoscale Meteorological Model Data to Predict the Transport and Dispersion of Tracer Plumes over Washington, D.C.
The data from a yearlong tracer dispersion experiment over Washington, D.C., in 1984 were used to evaluate Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) dispersion model calculations using coarse global meteorological ...
Roland R. Draxler
Comparison of Short-Term and Long-Term Radiative Feedbacks and Variability in Twentieth-Century Global Climate Model Simulations
The climate sensitivity uncertainty of global climate models (GCMs) is partly due to the spread of individual feedbacks. One approach to constrain long-term climate sensitivity is to use the relatively short observational record, assuming there ...
Meghan M. Dalton; Karen M. Shell
Southward Eddy Heat Transport Occurring along Southern Flanks of the Kuroshio Extension and the Gulf Stream in a 1/10� Global Ocean General Circulation Model
The present study investigates meridional heat transport induced by oceanic mesoscale variability in the World Ocean using a 1/10� global Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) running on the Earth Simulator. The results indicate prominent ...
Kunihiro Aoki; Shoshiro Minobe; Youichi Tanimoto; Yoshikazu Sasai
Assessment of Physical Parameterizations Using a Global Climate Model with Stretchable Grid and Nudging
The Laboratoire de M�t�orologie Dynamique atmospheric general circulation model with zooming capability (LMDZ) has been used in a nudged mode to enable comparison of model outputs with routine observations and evaluate the model physical ...
O. Coindreau; F. Hourdin; M. Haeffelin; A. Mathieu; C. Rio
GFDL's CM2 Global Coupled Climate Models. Part IV: Idealized Climate Response
The climate response to idealized changes in the atmospheric CO2 concentration by the new GFDL climate model (CM2) is documented. This new model is very different from earlier GFDL models in its parameterizations of subgrid-scale physical ...
R. J. Stouffer; A. J. Broccoli; T. L. Delworth; K. W. Dixon; R. Gudgel; I. Held; R. Hemler; T. Knutson; Hyun-Chul Lee; M. D. Schwarzkopf; B. Soden; M. J. Spelman; M. Winton; Fanrong Zeng
Structural Time Series Models and Trend Detection in Global and Regional Temperature Series
A unified statistical approach to identify suitable structural time series models for annual mean temperature is proposed. This includes a generalized model that can represent all the commonly used structural time series models for trend ...
Xiaogu Zheng; Reid E. Basher
Effect of Terrestrial and Marine Organic Aerosol on Regional and Global Climate: Model Development, Application, and Verification with Satellite Data
In this DOE project the improvements to parameterization of marine primary organic matter (POM) emissions, hygroscopic properties of marine POM, marine isoprene derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA) emissions, surfactant effects, new cloud droplet activation parameterization have been implemented into Community Atmosphere Model (CAM 5.0), with a seven mode aerosol module from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?s Modal Aerosol Model (MAM7). The effects of marine aerosols derived from sea spray and ocean emitted biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) on microphysical properties of clouds were explored by conducting 10 year CAM5.0-MAM7 model simulations at a grid resolution 1.9�?�?�?�?�?�?�?°�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?2.5�?�?�?�?�?�?�?° with 30 vertical layers. Model-predicted relationship between ocean physical and biological systems and the abundance of CCN in remote marine atmosphere was compared to data from the A-Train satellites (MODIS, CALIPSO, AMSR-E). Model simulations show that on average, primary and secondary organic aerosol emissions from the ocean can yield up to 20% increase in Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) at 0.2% Supersaturation, and up to 5% increases in droplet number concentration of global maritime shallow clouds. Marine organics were treated as internally or externally mixed with sea salt. Changes associated with cloud properties reduced (absolute value) the model-predicted short wave cloud forcing from -1.35 Wm-2 to -0.25 Wm-2. By using different emission scenarios, and droplet activation parameterizations, this study suggests that addition of marine primary aerosols and biologically generated reactive gases makes an important difference in radiative forcing assessments. All baseline and sensitivity simulations for 2001 and 2050 using global-through-urban WRF/Chem (GU-WRF) were completed. The main objective of these simulations was to evaluate the capability of GU-WRF for an accurate representation of the global atmosphere by exploring the most accurate configuration of physics options in GWRF for global scale modeling in 2001 at a horizontal grid resolution of 1�?�?�?�?�?�?�?° x 1�?�?�?�?�?�?�?°. GU-WRF model output was evaluated using observational datasets from a variety of sources including surface based observations (NCDC and BSRN), model reanalysis (NCEP/ NCAR Reanalysis and CMAP), and remotely-sensed data (TRMM) to evaluate the ability of GU-WRF to simulate atmospheric variables at the surface as well as aloft. Explicit treatment of nanoparticles produced from new particle formation in GU-WRF/Chem-MADRID was achieved by expanding particle size sections from 8 to 12 to cover particles with the size range of 1.16 nm to 11.6 �?�?�?�?�?�?�?µm. Simulations with two different nucleation parameterizations were conducted for August 2002 over a global domain at a 4�?�?�?�?�?�?�?º by 5�?�?�?�?�?�?�?º horizontal resolution. The results are evaluated against field measurement data from the 2002 Aerosol Nucleation and Real Time Characterization Experiment (ANARChE) in Atlanta, Georgia, as well as satellite and reanalysis data. We have also explored the relationship between �?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?clean marine�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�? aerosol optical properties and ocean surface wind speed using remotely sensed data from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) on board the CALIPSO satellite and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) on board the AQUA satellite. Detailed data analyses
Meskhidze, Nicholas; Zhang, Yang; Kamykowski, Daniel
Predicting tropospheric ozone and hydroxyl radical in a global, three-dimensional, chemistry, transport, and deposition model
Two of the most important chemically reactive tropospheric gases are ozone (O{sub 3}) and the hydroxyl radical (OH). Although ozone in the stratosphere is a necessary protector against the sun`s radiation, tropospheric ozone is actually a pollutant which damages materials and vegetation, acts as a respiratory irritant, and is a greenhouse gas. One of the two main sources of ozone in the troposphere is photochemical production. The photochemistry is initiated when hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide (CO) react with nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x} = NO + NO{sub 2}) in the presence of sunlight. Reaction with the hydroxyl radical, OH, is the main sink for many tropospheric gases. The hydroxyl radical is highly reactive and has a lifetime on the order of seconds. Its formation is initiated by the photolysis of tropospheric ozone. Tropospheric chemistry involves a complex, non-linear set of chemical reactions between atmospheric species that vary substantially in time and space. To model these and other species on a global scale requires the use of a global, three-dimensional chemistry, transport, and deposition (CTD) model. In this work, I developed two such three dimensional CTD models. The first model incorporated the chemistry necessary to model tropospheric ozone production from the reactions of nitrogen oxides with carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH{sub 4}). The second also included longer-lived alkane species and the biogenic hydrocarbon isoprene, which is emitted by growing plants and trees. The models` ability to predict a number of key variables (including the concentration of O{sub 3}, OH, and other species) were evaluated. Then, several scenarios were simulated to understand the change in the chemistry of the troposphere since preindustrial times and the role of anthropogenic NO{sub x} on present day conditions.
Atherton, C.S.
Insights from Human/Mouse genome comparisons
Large-scale public genomic sequencing efforts have provided a wealth of vertebrate sequence data poised to provide insights into mammalian biology. These include deep genomic sequence coverage of human, mouse, rat, zebrafish, and two pufferfish (Fugu rubripes and Tetraodon nigroviridis) (Aparicio et al. 2002; Lander et al. 2001; Venter et al. 2001; Waterston et al. 2002). In addition, a high-priority has been placed on determining the genomic sequence of chimpanzee, dog, cow, frog, and chicken (Boguski 2002). While only recently available, whole genome sequence data have provided the unique opportunity to globally compare complete genome contents. Furthermore, the shared evolutionary ancestry of vertebrate species has allowed the development of comparative genomic approaches to identify ancient conserved sequences with functionality. Accordingly, this review focuses on the initial comparison of available mammalian genomes and describes various insights derived from such analysis.
Pennacchio, Len A.
Global Modeling of Land Water and Energy Balances. Part I: The Land Dynamics (LaD) Model
A simple model of large-scale land (continental) water and energy balances is presented. The model is an extension of an earlier scheme with a record of successful application in climate modeling. The most important changes from the original ...
P. C. D. Milly; A. B. Shmakin
A global coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian model and 1 1 km CO2 surface flux dataset for high-resolution atmospheric CO2 transport simulations
Abstract. We designed a method to simulate atmospheric CO2 concentrations at several continuous observation sites around the globe using surface fluxes at a very high spatial resolution. The simulations presented in this study were performed using the Global Eulerian-Lagrangian Coupled Atmospheric model (GELCA), comprising a Lagrangian particle dispersion model coupled to a global atmospheric tracer transport model with prescribed global surface CO2 flux maps at a 1 1 km resolution. The surface fluxes used in the simulations were prepared by assembling the individual components of terrestrial, oceanic and fossil fuel CO2 fluxes. This experimental setup (i.e. a transport model running at a medium resolution, coupled to a high-resolution Lagrangian particle dispersion model together with global surface fluxes at a very high resolution), which was designed to represent high-frequency variations in atmospheric CO2 concentration, has not been reported at a global scale previously. Two sensitivity experiments were performed: (a) using the global transport model without coupling to the Lagrangian dispersion model, and (b) using the coupled model with a reduced resolution of surface fluxes, in order to evaluate the performance of Eulerian-Lagrangian coupling and the role of high-resolution fluxes in simulating high-frequency variations in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. A correlation analysis between observed and simulated atmospheric CO2 concentrations at selected locations revealed that the inclusion of both Eulerian-Lagrangian coupling and highresolution fluxes improves the high-frequency simulations of the model. The results highlight the potential of a coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian model in simulating high-frequency atmospheric CO2 concentrations at many locations worldwide. The model performs well in representing observations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations at high spatial and temporal resolutions, especially for coastal sites and sites located close to sources of large anthropogenic emissions. While this study focused on simulations of CO2 concentrations, the model could be used for other atmospheric compounds with known estimated emissions.
Ganshin, A [Central Aerological Observatory; Oda, T [National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan; Saito, M [National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan; Maksyutov, S [National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan; Valsala, V [National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan; Andres, Robert Joseph [ORNL; Fischer, R [University of London; Lowry, D [University of London; Lukyanov, A [Central Aerological Observatory; Matsueda, H [Meteorological Research Institute, Japan; Nisbet, E [University of London; Rigby, M [University of Bristol, UK; Sawa, Y [Meteorological Research Institute, Japan; Toumi, R [Imperial College, London; Tsuboi, K [Meteorological Research Institute, Japan; Varlagin, A [A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russia; Zhuravlev, R [Central Aerological Observatory
MATRIX (Multiconfiguration Aerosol TRacker of mIXing state): an aerosol microphysical module for global atmospheric models
A new aerosol microphysical module MATRIX, the Multiconfiguration Aerosol TRacker of mIXing state, and its application in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) climate model (ModelE) are described. This module, which is based on the quadrature method of moments (QMOM), represents nucleation, condensation, coagulation, internal and external mixing, and cloud-drop activation and provides aerosol particle mass and number concentration and particle size information for up to 16 mixed-mode aerosol populations. Internal and external mixing among aerosol components sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, carbonaceous aerosols, dust and sea-salt particles are represented. The solubility of each aerosol population, which is explicitly calculated based on its soluble and insoluble components, enables calculation of the dependence of cloud drop activation on the microphysical characterization of multiple soluble aerosol populations. A detailed model description and results of box-model simulations of various aerosol population configurations are presented. The box model experiments demonstrate the dependence of cloud activating aerosol number concentration on the aerosol population configuration; comparisons to sectional models are quite favorable. MATRIX is incorporated into the GISS climate model and simulations are carried out primarily to assess its performance/efficiency for global-scale atmospheric model application. Simulation results were compared with aircraft and station measurements of aerosol mass and number concentration and particle size to assess the ability of the new method to yield data suitable for such comparison. The model accurately captures the observed size distributions in the Aitken and accumulation modes up to particle diameter 1 {micro}m, in which sulfate, nitrate, black and organic carbon are predominantly located; however the model underestimates coarse-mode number concentration and size, especially in the marine environment. This is more likely due to oversimplifications of the representation of sea salt emissions - sea salt emissions are only calculated for two size classes - than to inherent limitations of MATRIX.
Bauer,S.E.; Wright, D.L.; Koch, D.; Lewis, E.R.; McGraw, R.; Chang, L.-S.; Schwartz, S.E.; Ruedy, R.
Temperature and Water Vapor Variance Scaling in Global Models: Comparisons to Satellite and Aircraft Data
Observations of the scale dependence of height-resolved temperature T and water vapor q variability are valuable for improved subgrid-scale climate model parameterizations and model evaluation. Variance spectral benchmarks for T and q obtained ...
B. H. Kahn; J. Teixeira; E. J. Fetzer; A. Gettelman; S. M. Hristova-Veleva; X. Huang; A. K. Kochanski; M. K�hler; S. K. Krueger; R. Wood; M. Zhao
A Simulation of the Winter and Summer Circulations with the NMC Global Spectral Model
The medium range forecast model of the National Meteorological Center (NMC) has been integrated to produce winter and summer simulations. For the winter simulation, the model was initialized with the NMC analysis of 1200 UTC 15 December 1985 and ...
J. L. Kinter III; J. Shukla; L. Marx; E. K. Schneider
Global Modeling of Land Water and Energy Balances. Part III: Interannual Variability
The Land Dynamics (LaD) model is tested by comparison with observations of interannual variations in discharge from 44 large river basins for which relatively accurate time series of monthly precipitation (a primary model input) have recently ...
A. B. Shmakin; P. C. D. Milly; K. A. Dunne
The NRL Layered Global Ocean Model (NLOM) with an Embedded Mixed Layer Submodel: Formulation and Tuning
A bulk-type (modified Kraus�Turner) mixed layer model that is embedded within the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) is introduced. It is an independent submodel loosely coupled to NLOM's dynamical core, requiring only ...
Alan J. Wallcraft; A. Birol Kara; Harley E. Hurlburt; Peter A. Rochford
Exascale Insights (2011) | National Nuclear Security Administration
Apply for Our Jobs Our Jobs Working at NNSA Blog Home > Media Room > Video Gallery > Exascale Insights (2011) Exascale Insights (2011) Exascale Insights (2011) From: NNSANews...
The Role Of Modeling Assumptions And Policy Instruments in Evaluating The Global Implications Of U.S. Biofuel Policies
The primary objective of current U.S. biofuel law the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) is to reduce dependence on imported oil, but the law also requires biofuels to meet carbon emission reduction thresholds relative to petroleum fuels. EISA created a renewable fuel standard with annual targets for U.S. biofuel use that climb gradually from 9 billion gallons per year in 2008 to 36 billion gallons (or about 136 billion liters) of biofuels per year by 2022. The most controversial aspects of the biofuel policy have centered on the global social and environmental implications of its potential land use effects. In particular, there is an ongoing debate about whether indirect land use change (ILUC) make biofuels a net source, rather sink, of carbon emissions. However, estimates of ILUC induced by biofuel production and use can only be inferred through modeling. This paper evaluates how model structure, underlying assumptions, and the representation of policy instruments influence the results of U.S. biofuel policy simulations. The analysis shows that differences in these factors can lead to divergent model estimates of land use and economic effects. Estimates of the net conversion of forests and grasslands induced by U.S. biofuel policy range from 0.09 ha/1000 gallons described in this paper to 0.73 ha/1000 gallons from early studies in the ILUC change debate. We note that several important factors governing LUC change remain to be examined. Challenges that must be addressed to improve global land use change modeling are highlighted.
Oladosu, Gbadebo A [ORNL; Kline, Keith L [ORNL
Global Security
Global Security Global Security LANL's mission is to develop and apply science and technology to ensure the safety, security, and effectiveness of the U.S. nuclear deterrent;...
A Global Time-Dependent Model of Thunderstorm Electricity. Part I: Mathematical Properties of the Physical and Numerical Models
A time-dependent model that simulates the interaction of a thunderstorm with its electrical environment is introduced. The model solves the continuity equation of the Maxwell current density that includes conduction, displacement, and source ...
G. L. Browning; I. Tzur; R. G. Roble
CliCrop: a Crop Water-Stress and Irrigation Demand Model for an Integrated Global Assessment Model Approach
This paper describes the use of the CliCrop model in the context of climate change general assessment
Fant, C.A.
Evaluation of the Global Climate Models in the CMIP5 over the Tibetan Plateau
The performance of 24 GCMs available in the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) is evaluated over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) by comparing the model outputs with ground observations for the period 1961�2005. The ...
Fengge Su; Xiaolan Duan; Deliang Chen; Zhenchun Hao; Lan Cuo
Global optimization method for combined spherical-cylindrical wrapping in musculoskeletal upper limb modelling
In musculoskeletal modelling, many muscles cannot be represented as straight lines from origin to insertion because the bony and musculotendinous morphology of neighboring structures causes them to wrap. The majority of these passive structures can be ... Keywords: Deltoid, Muscle wrapping, Musculoskeletal modelling
A. Audenaert; E. Audenaert
Effects of cloudy/clear air mixing and droplet pH on sulfate aerosol formation in a coupled chemistry/climate global model
In this paper we will briefly describe our coupled ECHAM/GRANTOUR model, provide a detailed description of our atmospheric chemistry parameterizations, and discuss a couple of numerical experiments in which we explore the influence of assumed pH and rate of mixing between cloudy and clear air on aqueous sulfate formation and concentration. We have used our tropospheric chemistry and transport model, GRANTOUR, to estimate the life cycle and global distributions of many trace species. Recently, we have coupled GRANTOUR with the ECHAM global climate model, which provides several enhanced capabilities in the representation of aerosol interactions.
Molenkamp, C.R.; Atherton, C.A. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); Penner, J.E.; Walton, J.J. [Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Dept. of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences
GATE Air-Sea Interaction. I: Numerical Model Calculation of Local Sea-Surface Temperatures on Diurnal Time Scales Using the GATE Version III Gridded Global Data Set
The numerical model of air-sea interaction previously described in Jacobs (1978), Pandolfo and Jacobs (1972) and Pandolfo (1969) is inserted at one horizontal grid point in the GATE III Gridded Global Data Set to calculate a model-generated, ...
P. S. Brown Jr.; J. P. Pandolfo; S. J. Thoren
GFDL�s ESM2 Global Coupled Climate�Carbon Earth System Models. Part II: Carbon System Formulation and Baseline Simulation Characteristics
The authors describe carbon system formulation and simulation characteristics of two new global coupled carbon�climate Earth System Models (ESM), ESM2M and ESM2G. These models demonstrate good climate fidelity as described in part I of this study ...
John P. Dunne; Jasmin G. John; Elena Shevliakova; Ronald J. Stouffer; John P. Krasting; Sergey L. Malyshev; P. C. D. Milly; Lori T. Sentman; Alistair J. Adcroft; William Cooke; Krista A. Dunne; Stephen M. Griffies; Robert W. Hallberg; Matthew J. Harrison; Hiram Levy; Andrew T. Wittenberg; Peter J. Phillips; Niki Zadeh
The Response of the Polar Regions to Increased CO2 in a Global Climate Model with Elastic�Viscous�Plastic Sea Ice
A global atmosphere�ocean�sea ice general circulation model (GCM) is used in simulations of climate with present-day atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and with CO2 increasing to double the present-day values. The Parallel Climate Model includes the ...
John W. Weatherly; Yuxia Zhang
An Idealized Model of the World Ocean. Part I: The Global-Scale Water Masses
A primitive equation, three-dimensional numerical model of the ocean, employing idealized versions of the real topography and surface boundary conditions, is used to study the water mass structure of the World Ocean. In particular, the response ...
Michael D. Cox
Evaluating the Consistency between Statistically Downscaled and Global Dynamical Model Climate Change Projections
The consistency between rainfall projections obtained from direct climate model output and statistical downscaling is evaluated. Results are averaged across an area large enough to overcome the difference in spatial scale between these two types ...
B. Timbal; P. Hope; S. Charles
A fast spherical harmonics transform for global NWP and climate models
Very high resolution spectral transform models are believed to become prohibitively expensive, due to the relative increase in computational cost of the Legendre transforms compared to the gridpoint computations. This article describes the ...
Nils P. Wedi; Mats Hamrud; George Mozdzynski
System for the Analysis of Global Energy Markets - Vol. II, Model Documentation
Reports and Publications (EIA)
The second volume provides a data implementation guide that lists all naming conventions and model constraints. In addition, Volume 1 has two appendixes that provide a schematic of the SAGE structure and a listing of the source code, respectively.
Barry Kapilow-Cohen
Consistency in Global Climate Change Model Predictions of Regional Precipitation Trends
Projections of human-induced climate change impacts arising from the emission of atmospheric chemical constituents such as carbon dioxide typically utilize multiple integrations (or ensembles) of numerous numerical climate change models to arrive ...
Bruce T. Anderson; Catherine Reifen; Ralf Toumi
Parameterization of urban sub-grid scale processes in global atmospheric chemistry models
We have derived a parameterization consisting of a set of analytical expressions that approximate the predictions by the CIT Urban Airshed Model for the net export to the environment (i.e., effective emissions) of several ...
Calb�, Josep.; Pan, Wen Wei.; Webster, Mort David.; Prinn, Ronald G.; McRae, Gregory J.
A Global Intercomparison of Modeled and Observed Land�Atmosphere Coupling
Land�atmosphere coupling strength or the degree to which land surface anomalies influence boundary layer development�and in extreme cases, rainfall�is arguably the single most fundamental criterion for evaluating hydrological model performance. ...
Craig R. Ferguson; Eric F. Wood; Raghuveer K. Vinukollu
The Impact of Tropical Forcing on Extratropical Predictability in a Simple Global Model
The impact of tropical forcing on the predictability of the extratropical atmosphere is studied. Using a two-layer spectral model, numerical experiments and diagnostic analyses have been carried out to examine the enhancement of predictability ...
Jianchun Qin; Walter A. Robinson
Ecodynamic and Eddy-Admitting Dimethyl Sulfide Simulations in a Global Ocean Biogeochemistry/Circulation Model
The authors describe planetary-scale modeling of mixed-layer dimethyl sulfide (DMS) processing and distributions, conducted at a resolution of 0.28� using the Parallel Ocean Program (POP). Ecodynamic routines embedded within POP track the ...
Shaoping Chu; Scott Elliott; Mathew Maltrud; Jose Hernandez; David Erickson
The IEA/ORAU Long-Term Global Energy-CO2 Model: Personal Computer...
image Data image PDF Investigators J. A. Edmonds, J. M. Reilly, and D. W. Barns The IBM&174; PC version of the Edmonds-Reilly model has the capability to calculate both CO2 and...
Effects of Cumulus Entrainment and Multiple Cloud Types on a January Global Climate Model Simulation
An improved version of the GISS Model II cumulus parameterization designed for long-term climate integrations is used to study the effects of entrainment and multiple cloud types on the January climate simulation. Instead of prescribing ...
Mao-Sung Yao; Anthony D. Del Genio
Global Circulation in an Axially Symmetric Shallow Water Model Forced by Equinoctial Differential Heating
Solutions of an axially symmetric inviscid shallow-water model (SWM) on the earth forced by equinoctial differential heating are constructed using numerical integration of the time-dependent equations and analysis of their steady states. The ...
Ori Adam; Nathan Paldor
Observed Scaling in Clouds and Precipitation and Scale Incognizance in Regional to Global Atmospheric Models
We use observations of robust scaling behavior in clouds and precipitation to derive constraints on how partitioning of precipitation should change with model resolution. Our analysis indicates that 90�99% of stratiform precipitation should occur ...
Travis A. O�Brien; Fuyu Li; William D. Collins; Sara A. Rauscher; Todd D. Ringler; Mark Taylor; Samson M. Hagos; L. Ruby Leung
GFDL's CM2 Global Coupled Climate Models. Part II: The Baseline Ocean Simulation
The current generation of coupled climate models run at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) as part of the Climate Change Science Program contains ocean components that differ in almost every respect from those contained in previous ...
Anand Gnanadesikan; Keith W. Dixon; Stephen M. Griffies; V. Balaji; Marcelo Barreiro; J. Anthony Beesley; William F. Cooke; Thomas L. Delworth; Rudiger Gerdes; Matthew J. Harrison; Isaac M. Held; William J. Hurlin; Hyun-Chul Lee; Zhi Liang; Giang Nong; Ronald C. Pacanowski; Anthony Rosati; Joellen Russell; Bonita L. Samuels; Qian Song; Michael J. Spelman; Ronald J. Stouffer; Colm O. Sweeney; Gabriel Vecchi; Michael Winton; Andrew T. Wittenberg; Fanrong Zeng; Rong Zhang; John P. Dunne
A Fast Spherical Harmonics Transform for Global NWP and Climate Models
Very high-resolution spectral transform models are believed to become prohibitively expensive because of the relative increase in computational cost of the Legendre transforms compared to the gridpoint computations. This article describes the ...
Recent infrared observations have revealed the presence of compact (radii {approx}rate M-dot{sub PR}{approx}10{sup 8} g s{sup -1}. Here we extend this local analysis by exploring the global evolution of the debris disk under the action of the PR drag for a variety of assumptions about the disk properties. We find that massive disks (mass {approx}> 10{sup 20} g), which are optically thick to incident stellar radiation, inevitably give rise to metal accretion at rates M-dot {approx}>0.2 M-dot{sub PR}. The magnitude of M-dot and its time evolution are determined predominantly by the initial pattern of the radial distribution of the debris (i.e., ring-like versus disk-like) but not by the total mass of the disk. The latter determines only the disk lifetime, which can be several Myr or longer. The evolution of an optically thick disk generically results in the development of a sharp outer edge of the disk. We also find that the low-mass ({approx}< 10{sup 20} g), optically thin disks exhibit M-dot << M-dot{sub PR} and evolve on a characteristic timescale {approx}10{sup 5}-10{sup 6} yr, independent of their total mass.
Bochkarev, Konstantin V. [Department of General and Applied Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700 (Russian Federation); Rafikov, Roman R., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540 (United States)
Utilization of Normal Mode Initial Conditions for Detecting Errors in the Dynamics Part of Primitive Equation Global Models
When a global atmospheric basic state has constant angular velocity and its temperature varies with attitude only, there exist normal mode solutions to the linearized global primitive equations. The use of these normal modes, which have known ...
Winston C. Chao; Marvin A. Geller
Open Data for Climate and Health Insights
Open Data for Climate and Health Insights Print E-mail Open Data for Climate and Health Insights Print E-mail Metadata Access Tool for Climate and Health (MATCH) Website Thursday, May 9, 2013 Posted by Tom Armstrong, Executive Director, U.S. Global Change Research Program Today, in conjunction with a series of landmark steps announced by the Obama Administration to unleash troves of useful data from the vaults of government, the interagency US Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) launched a new online tool that promises to accelerate research relating to climate change and human health-the Metadata Access Tool for Climate and Health, or "MATCH." The Administration announcements made today include an Executive Order signed by the President declaring that information is a valuable national resource and strategic asset, and a new government-wide Open Data Policy requiring that, going forward, data generated by the government shall be made available in open, machine-readable formats. The move will make troves of previously inaccessible or unmanageable data more readily available to entrepreneurs, researchers, and others who can use open data as fuel for innovation, businesses and new services and tools.
Joint Variability of Global Runoff and Global Sea Surface Temperatures
Global land surface runoff and sea surface temperatures (SST) are analyzed to identify the primary modes of variability of these hydroclimatic data for the period 1905�2002. A monthly water-balance model first is used with global monthly ...
Gregory J. McCabe; David M. Wolock
On the Use of an Adaptive, Hybrid-Isentropic Vertical Coordinate in Global Atmospheric Modeling
This article is one in a series describing the functionality of the Flow-Following, Finite-Volume Icosahedral Model (FIM) developed at NOAA�s Earth System Research Laboratory. Emphasis in this article is on the design of the vertical coordinate�...
Rainer Bleck; Stan Benjamin; Jin Lee; Alexander E. MacDonald
System for the Analysis of Global Energy Markets - Vol. I, Model Documentation
Documents the objectives and the conceptual and methodological approach used in the development of projections for the International Energy Outlook. The first volume of this report describes the SAGE methodology and provides an in-depth explanation of the equations of the model.
Augmented l1 and Nuclear-Norm Models with a Globally Linearly ...
and X? and XF are the nuclear and Frobenius norms of X, respectively. We show that they let .... the total energy x0. 2 is roughly ..... Some expert readers may know that in theory, given matrix A, whether or not model (1) can exactly recover x0�...
Grameen Shakti: A Renewable Energy Social Business Model for Global Replication
Grameen Shakti (Energy), one of the companies developed by the 2006 Nobel Laureate, Professor Muhammad Yunus, has since 1996 implemented an effective model to deliver renewable energy to the off-grid areas and rural poor in Bangladesh. The Grameen Shakti ... Keywords: Renewable energy, social business, GrameenShakti, energy poverty
Narima Amin; Richard Langendoen
Projections of a Wetter Sahel in the Twenty-First Century from Global and Regional Models
Confident regional-scale climate change predictions for the Sahel are needed to support adaptation planning. State-of-the-art regional climate model (RCM) simulations at 90- and 30-km resolutions are run and analyzed along with output from five ...
Edward K. Vizy; Kerry H. Cook; Julien Cr�tat; Naresh Neupane
An Accurate and Efficient Finite-Element Global Model of the Shallow-Water Equations
In C�t� and Staniforth the efficiency of a semi-implicit spectral model of the shallow-water primitive equations was significantly improved by replacing the usual three-time-level Eulerian treatment of advection by a two-time-level semi-...
Jean C�t�; Andrew Staniforth
Energetics Analysis of a Multilevel Global Spectral Model. Part I: Balanced Energy and Transient Energy
We introduce a new energetics concept and apply it to the NCAR Community Climate Model. The new features of our approach are that the energy is split into balanced and transient parts and that the balanced energy consists of rotational energy and ...
Shun Der Ko; Joseph J. Tribbia; John P. Boyd
Improvement of the NCEP Global Model over the Tropics: An Evaluation of Model Performance during the 1995 Hurricane Season
An evaluation of the performance of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Medium-Range Forecast Model was made for the large-scale tropical forecasts and hurricane track forecasts during the 1995 hurricane season. The assessment of ...
Naomi Surgi; Hua-Lu Pan; Stephen J. Lord
Use of a Lidar Forward Model for Global Comparisons of Cloud Fraction between the ICESat Lidar and the ECMWF Model
The performance of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model in simulating clouds is evaluated using observations by the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System lidar on the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat). ...
Jonathan M. Wilkinson; Robin J. Hogan; Anthony J. Illingworth; Angela Benedetti
Automatic Calibration of a Building Energy Simulation Model Using a Global Optimization Program
A simulation model used to analyze the energy performance of an existing building should be calibrated to measured consumption data from the building so the simulation output closely follows the measured time series energy consumption data and shows the same temperature dependence. This paper has used optimization software to show that a simple simulation program which is a coding of the ASHRAE 'Simplified Energy Analysis Procedure' can be automatically calibrated to �measured� data. The �measured data� used in this case study was simulation data to which a small amount of white noise had been added.
Lee, S. U.; Claridge, D.
Project goals: (1) Use the routine surface and airborne measurements at the ARM SGP site, and the routine surface measurements at the NSA site, to continue our evaluations of model aerosol simulations; (2) Determine the degree to which the Raman lidar measurements of water vapor and aerosol scattering and extinction can be used to remotely characterize the aerosol humidification factor; (3) Use the high temporal resolution CARL data to examine how aerosol properties vary near clouds; and (4) Use the high temporal resolution CARL and Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) data to quantify entrainment in optically thin continental cumulus clouds.
Richard A. Ferrare; David D. Turner
An Efficient Approach to Modeling the Topographic Control of Surface Hydrology for Regional and Global Climate Modeling
The current generation of land-surface models used in GCMs view the soil column as the fundamental hydrologic unit. While this may be effective in simulating such processes as the evolution of ground temperatures and the growth/ablation of a ...
Marc Stieglitz; David Rind; James Famiglietti; Cynthia Rosenzweig
Modeling U.S. Energy Use Changes with Global Climate Change
Using a general circulation model of Earth climate (PCM-IBIS) to drive an energy use model (DD-NEMS), we calculated the energy use changes for each year from 2003-2025 for the nine U.S. Census regions. We used five scenarios: 1) a reference with no change in temperatures from the 1970-2003 average, 2) a gradual 1 F rise in temperature by 2025, 3) a gradual 3 F rise by 2025, 4) a climate simulation with low temperature response to CO2 doubling in the atmosphere, and 5) a climate simulation with a more extreme response. The low-?T scenario had a cumulative reduction in energy of 2.1 Quads but an increase in cost of $14.8 billion. The northern states had reductions in cost over the entire period, but most other regions had increases in costs because increases in cooling costs outweighed reductions in heating and other energy uses. Higher temperature sensitivity resulted in increased warming, especially in the winter months. Because heating needs decreased, total energy requirements declined by a cumulative 4.2 Quads. However, total cost still increased $6.1 billion and carbon emissions still rose as coal-based electricity for cooling needs grew.
Hadley, Stanton W [ORNL; Erickson III, David J [ORNL; Hernandez Figueroa, Jose L [ORNL
The potential of different artificial neural network (ANN) techniques in daily global solar radiation modeling based on meteorological data
The main objective of present study is to predict daily global solar radiation (GSR) on a horizontal surface, based on meteorological variables, using different artificial neural network (ANN) techniques. Daily mean air temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours, evaporation, and wind speed values between 2002 and 2006 for Dezful city in Iran (32 16'N, 48 25'E), are used in this study. In order to consider the effect of each meteorological variable on daily GSR prediction, six following combinations of input variables are considered: (I)Day of the year, daily mean air temperature and relative humidity as inputs and daily GSR as output. (II)Day of the year, daily mean air temperature and sunshine hours as inputs and daily GSR as output. (III)Day of the year, daily mean air temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours as inputs and daily GSR as output. (IV)Day of the year, daily mean air temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours and evaporation as inputs and daily GSR as output. (V)Day of the year, daily mean air temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours and wind speed as inputs and daily GSR as output. (VI)Day of the year, daily mean air temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours, evaporation and wind speed as inputs and daily GSR as output. Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) neural networks are applied for daily GSR modeling based on six proposed combinations. The measured data between 2002 and 2005 are used to train the neural networks while the data for 214 days from 2006 are used as testing data. The comparison of obtained results from ANNs and different conventional GSR prediction (CGSRP) models shows very good improvements (i.e. the predicted values of best ANN model (MLP-V) has a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) about 5.21% versus 10.02% for best CGSRP model (CGSRP 5)). (author)
Behrang, M.A.; Assareh, E. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Dezful Branch (Iran); Ghanbarzadeh, A.; Noghrehabadi, A.R. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz (Iran)
Association of Interannual and Interdecadal Variations of Global-Mean Temperature with Tropical Pacific SST Appearing in a Model and Observations
Long-term variations of global-mean air temperature at the surface are investigated using data from a GFDL coupled ocean-atmosphere model 139-year simulation and the observed datasets of surface air temperature over the globe for 139 years and ...
In-Sik Kang
The Physical Properties of the Atmosphere in the New Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model (HadGEM1). Part II: Aspects of Variability and Regional Climate
The performance of the atmospheric component of the new Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model (HadGEM1) is assessed in terms of its ability to represent a selection of key aspects of variability in the Tropics and extratropics. These include ...
M. A. Ringer; G. M. Martin; C. Z. Greeves; T. J. Hinton; P. M. James; V. D. Pope; A. A. Scaife; R. A. Stratton; P. M. Inness; J. M. Slingo; G.-Y. Yang
Transient response of the Hadley Centre coupled ocean-atmosphere model to increasing carbon dioxide. Part 3: Analysis of global-mean response using simple models
The roles of surface, atmospheric, and oceanic feedbacks in controlling the global-mean transient response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model (AOGCM) to increasing carbon dioxide are investigated. The analysis employs a four-box energy balance model (EBM) and an oceanic box-diffusion model (BDM) both tuned to the simulated general circulation model response. The land-sea contrast in the surface warming is explained almost entirely by the shortwave radiative feedbacks associated with changes in cloud and surface albedo. The oceanic thermal inertia delays the response; however, the initial delay is enhanced by increases in Anarctic sea-ice cover, which substantially reduce the effective climate sensitivity of the model in the first half of the 75-year experiment. When driven by the observed anthropogenic greenhouse forcing from the pre-industrial period to present day, the energy balance model overestimates the warming observed over land. However, inclusion of the direct forcing due to anthropogenic tropospheric sulphate aerosol eliminates the land/sea contrast in the response at 1990, leaving the simulated warming over land slightly below the observed value, although the rapid warming observed during the 1980s is well reproduced. The vertical penetration of the oceanic response is small below 1000 m. Within the top 1000 m the effective diffusivities are substantially enhanced by reduced convection and thermohaline overturning, driven by increased precipitation minus evaporation at high latitudes. These changes in ocean heat transport become significant after year 30, whereupon the effective oceanic heat capacity increases substantially, although this increase is partially offset by the effect of changes in the sea-ice margin.
Murphy, J.M. [Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berkshire (United Kingdom)
Global hydrological cycle response to rapid and slow global warming
We analyze the response of global water vapor to global warming in a series of fully coupled climate model simulations. We find that a roughly 7% per Kelvin rate of increase of water vapor with global surface temperature is robust only for rapid ...
Larissa Back; Karen Russ; Zhengyu Liu; Kuniaki Inoue; Jiaxu Zhang; Bette Otto-Bliesner
Bob Jaffe, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Insights from the Energy
Bob Jaffe, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Insights from the Bob Jaffe, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Insights from the Energy Critical Elements Policy Study by the American Physical Society and Material Research Society Bob Jaffe, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Insights from the Energy Critical Elements Policy Study by the American Physical Society and Material Research Society Session_A5_Jaffe_MIT.pdf More Documents & Publications Trans-Atlantic Workshop on Rare Earth Elements and Other Critical Materials for a Clean Energy Future Steve Duclos, Chief Scientist, GE Global Research, Research Priorities for More Efficient Use of Critical Materials from a U.S. Corporate Perspective Michael Heine, SGL Group - The Carbon Company, Carbon Fibers in Lightweight Systems for Wind Energy and Automotive Applications: Availability and
A Comparison of Simulated Cloud Radar Output from the Multiscale Modeling Framework Global Climate Model with CloudSat Cloud Radar Observations
Over the last few years a new type of global climate model (GCM) has emerged in which a cloud-resolving model is embedded into each grid cell of a GCM. This new approach is frequently called a multiscale modeling framework (MMF) or superparameterization. In this article we present a comparison of MMF output with radar observations from the NASA CloudSat mission, which uses a near-nadir-pointing millimeter-wavelength radar to probe the vertical structure of clouds and precipitation. We account for radar detection limits by simulating the 94 GHz radar reflectivity that CloudSat would observe from the high-resolution cloud-resolving model output produced by the MMF. Overall, the MMF does a good job of reproducing the broad pattern of tropical convergence zones, subtropical belts, and midlatitude storm tracks, as well as their changes in position with the annual solar cycle. Nonetheless, the comparison also reveals a number of model shortfalls including (1) excessive hydrometeor coverage at all altitudes over many convectively active regions, (2) a lack of low-level hydrometeors over all subtropical oceanic basins, (3) excessive low-level hydrometeor coverage (principally precipitating hydrometeors) in the midlatitude storm tracks of both hemispheres during the summer season (in each hemisphere), and (4) a thin band of low-level hydrometeors in the Southern Hemisphere of the central (and at times eastern and western) Pacific in the MMF, which is not observed by CloudSat. This band resembles a second much weaker ITCZ but is restricted to low levels.
Marchand, Roger T.; Haynes, J. M.; Mace, Gerald G.; Ackerman, Thomas P.; Stephens, Graeme L.
Regional and Global Data
Products > Regional/Global Products > Regional/Global Regional and Global Data Biogeochemical Dynamics Data Regional and global biogeochemical dynamics data can be used to improve our understanding of the structure and function of various ecosystems; to enable prediction across spatial and temporal scales; and to parameterize and validate terrestrial ecosystem models. The ORNL DAAC compiles, archives, and distributes more than 150 products from the following projects: Climate Collections Hydroclimatology Collections ISLSCP II Project Net Primary Productivity (NPP) River Discharge (RIVDIS) Russian Land Cover (RLC) Soil Collections Vegetation Collections Vegetation-Ecosystem Modeling (VEMAP) Climate Collections Climate collections include measured and modeled values for variables such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, radiation, wind velocity, and
Building Energy Software Tools Directory : ecoInsight Energy...
ecoInsight Energy Audit & Analysis Software Back to Tool ecoInsight screenshot ecoInsight screenshot ecoInsight...
Multiscale Interactions in the Life Cycle of a Tropical Cyclone Simulated in a Global Cloud-System-Resolving Model. Part I: Large-Scale and Storm-Scale Evolutions
The Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM), a global cloud-system-resolving model, successfully simulated the life cycle of Tropical Storm Isobel that formed over the Timor Sea in the austral summer of 2006. The multiscale ...
Changes in Tropical Cyclone Activity due to Global Warming: Results from a High-Resolution Coupled General Circulation Model
This study investigates the possible changes that greenhouse global warming might generate in the characteristics of tropical cyclones (TCs). The analysis has been performed using scenario climate simulations carried out with a fully coupled high-...
S. Gualdi; E. Scoccimarro; A. Navarra
Using Satellite-Derived Snow Cover Data to Implement a Snow Analysis in the Met Office Global NWP Model
Snow cover and amount are important components in the interaction between the land surface and atmosphere, but until recently there has been no observational snow information incorporated into the Met Office global numerical weather prediction (...
Samantha Pullen; Clive Jones; Gabriel Rooney
The Impact of Manually Derived Southern Hemisphere Sea Level Pressure Data upon Forecasts from a Global Model
Experiments have been conducted within the framework of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's global data assimilation and prediction system to assess the forecast impact of Southern Hemisphere sea level pressure estimates [paid observations (...
R. Seaman; P. Steinle; W. Bourke; T. Hart
Greenland and Antarctic Mass Balances for Present and Doubled Atmospheric CO2 from the GENESIS Version-2 Global Climate Model
As anthropogenic greenhouse warming occurs in the next century, changes in the mass balances of Greenland and Antarctica will probably accelerate and may have significant effects on global sea level. Recent trends and possible future changes in ...
Estimation of methane and carbon dioxide surface fluxes using a 3-D global atmospheric chemical transport model
Methane (CH?) and carbon dioxide (CO?) are the two most radiatively important greenhouse gases attributable to human activity. Large uncertainties in their source and sink magnitudes currently exist. We estimate global ...
Chen, Yu-Han, 1973-
An investigation of the sub-grid variability of trace gases and aerosols for global climate modeling
One fundamental property and limitation of grid based models is their inability to identify spatial details smaller than the grid cell size. While decades of work have gone into developing sub-grid treatments for clouds and land surface processes in climate models, the quantitative understanding of sub-grid processes and variability for aerosols and their precursors is much poorer. In this study, WRF-Chem is used to simulate the trace gases and aerosols over central Mexico during the 2006 MILAGRO field campaign, with multiple spatial resolutions and emission/terrain scenarios. Our analysis focuses on quantifying the sub-grid variability (SGV) of trace gases and aerosols within a typical global climate model grid cell, i.e. 75x75 km2. Our results suggest that a simulation with 3-km horizontal grid spacing adequately reproduces the overall transport and mixing of trace gases and aerosols downwind of Mexico City, while 75-km horizontal grid spacing is insufficient to represent local emission and terrain-induced flows along the mountain ridge, subsequently affecting the transport and mixing of plumes from nearby sources. Therefore, the coarse model grid cell average may not correctly represent aerosol properties measured over polluted areas. Probability density functions (PDFs) for trace gases and aerosols show that secondary trace gases and aerosols, such as O3, sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate, are more likely to have a relatively uniform probability distribution (i.e. smaller SGV) over a narrow range of concentration values. Mostly inert and long-lived trace gases and aerosols, such as CO and BC, are more likely to have broad and skewed distributions (i.e. larger SGV) over polluted regions. Over remote areas, all trace gases and aerosols are more uniformly distributed compared to polluted areas. Both CO and O3 SGV vertical profiles are nearly constant within the PBL during daytime, indicating that trace gases are very efficiently transported and mixed vertically by turbulence. But, simulated horizontal variability indicates that trace gases and aerosols are not well mixed horizontally in the PBL. During nighttime the SGV for trace gases is maximum at the surface, and quickly decreases with height. Unlike the trace gases, the SGV of BC and secondary aerosols reaches a maximum at the PBL top during the day. The SGV decreases with distance away from the polluted urban area, has a more rapid decrease for long-lived trace gases and aerosols than for secondary ones, and is greater during daytime than nighttime. The SGV of trace gases and aerosols is generally larger than for meteorological quantities. Emissions can account for up to 50% of the SGV over urban areas such as Mexico City during daytime for less-reactive trace gases and aerosols, such as CO and BC. The impact of emission spatial variability on SGV decays with altitude in the PBL and is insignificant in the free troposphere. The emission variability affects SGV more significantly during daytime (rather than nighttime) and over urban (rather than rural or remote) areas. The terrain, through its impact on meteorological fields such as wind and the PBL structure, affects dispersion and transport of trace gases and aerosols and their SGV.
Qian, Yun; Gustafson, William I.; Fast, Jerome D.
A global 3D P-velocity model of the Earth's crust and mantle for improved event location : SALSA3D.
To test the hypothesis that high quality 3D Earth models will produce seismic event locations which are more accurate and more precise, we are developing a global 3D P wave velocity model of the Earth's crust and mantle using seismic tomography. In this paper, we present the most recent version of our model, SALSA3D version 1.5, and demonstrate its ability to reduce mislocations for a large set of realizations derived from a carefully chosen set of globally-distributed ground truth events. Our model is derived from the latest version of the Ground Truth (GT) catalog of P and Pn travel time picks assembled by Los Alamos National Laboratory. To prevent over-weighting due to ray path redundancy and to reduce the computational burden, we cluster rays to produce representative rays. Reduction in the total number of ray paths is {approx}50%. The model is represented using the triangular tessellation system described by Ballard et al. (2009), which incorporates variable resolution in both the geographic and radial dimensions. For our starting model, we use a simplified two layer crustal model derived from the Crust 2.0 model over a uniform AK135 mantle. Sufficient damping is used to reduce velocity adjustments so that ray path changes between iterations are small. We obtain proper model smoothness by using progressive grid refinement, refining the grid only around areas with significant velocity changes from the starting model. At each grid refinement level except the last one we limit the number of iterations to prevent convergence thereby preserving aspects of broad features resolved at coarser resolutions. Our approach produces a smooth, multi-resolution model with node density appropriate to both ray coverage and the velocity gradients required by the data. This scheme is computationally expensive, so we use a distributed computing framework based on the Java Parallel Processing Framework, providing us with {approx}400 processors. Resolution of our model is assessed using a variation of the standard checkerboard method. We compare the travel-time prediction and location capabilities of SALSA3D to standard 1D models via location tests on a global event set with GT of 5 km or better. These events generally possess hundreds of Pn and P picks from which we generate different realizations of station distributions, yielding a range of azimuthal coverage and ratios of teleseismic to regional arrivals, with which we test the robustness and quality of relocation. The SALSA3D model reduces mislocation over standard 1D ak135 regardless of Pn to P ratio, with the improvement being most pronounced at higher azimuthal gaps.
Young, Christopher John; Steck, Lee K. (Los Alamos National Laboratory); Phillips, William Scott (Los Alamos National Laboratory); Ballard, Sanford; Chang, Marcus C.; Rowe, Charlotte A. (Los Alamos National Laboratory); Encarnacao, Andre Villanova; Begnaud, Michael A. (Los Alamos National Laboratory); Hipp, James Richard
Ice Formation in Arctic Mixed-Phase Clouds: Insights from a 3-D Cloud-Resolving Model with Size-Resolved Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics
The single-layer mixed-phase clouds observed during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program�s Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (MPACE) are simulated with a 3-dimensional cloud-resolving model the System for Atmospheric Modeling (SAM) coupled with an explicit bin microphysics scheme and a radar-lidar simulator. Two possible ice enhancement mechanisms � activation of droplet evaporation residues by condensation-followed-by-freezing and droplet freezing by contact freezing inside-out, are scrutinized by extensive comparisons with aircraft and radar and lidar measurements. The locations of ice initiation associated with each mechanism and the role of ice nuclei (IN) in the evolution of mixed-phase clouds are mainly addressed. Simulations with either mechanism agree well with the in-situ and remote sensing measurements on ice microphysical properties but liquid water content is slightly underpredicted. These two mechanisms give very similar cloud microphysical, macrophysical, dynamical, and radiative properties, although the ice nucleation properties (rate, frequency and location) are completely different. Ice nucleation from activation of evaporation nuclei is most efficient near cloud top areas concentrated on the edges of updrafts, while ice initiation from the drop freezing process has no significant location preference (occurs anywhere that droplet evaporation is significant). Both enhanced nucleation mechanisms contribute dramatically to ice formation with ice particle concentration of 10-15 times higher relative to the simulation without either of them. The contribution of ice nuclei (IN) recycling from ice particle evaporation to IN and ice particle concentration is found to be very significant in this case. Cloud can be very sensitive to IN initially and form a nonquilibrium transition condition, but become much less sensitive as cloud evolves to a steady mixed-phase condition. The parameterization of Meyers et al. [1992] with the observed MPACE IN concentration is able to predict the observed mixed-phase clouds reasonably well. This validation may facilitate the application of this parameterization in the cloud and climate models to simulate Arctic clouds.
Fan, Jiwen; Ovtchinnikov, Mikhail; Comstock, Jennifer M.; McFarlane, Sally A.; Khain, Alexander
Response of precipitation extremes to idealized global warming in an aqua-planet climate model: Towards robust projection across different horizontal resolutions
Current climate models produce quite heterogeneous projections for the responses of precipitation extremes to future climate change. To help understand the range of projections from multimodel ensembles, a series of idealized 'aquaplanet' Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) runs have been performed with the Community Atmosphere Model CAM3. These runs have been analysed to identify the effects of horizontal resolution on precipitation extreme projections under two simple global warming scenarios. We adopt the aquaplanet framework for our simulations to remove any sensitivity to the spatial resolution of external inputs and to focus on the roles of model physics and dynamics. Results show that a uniform increase of sea surface temperature (SST) and an increase of low-to-high latitude SST gradient both lead to increase of precipitation and precipitation extremes for most latitudes. The perturbed SSTs generally have stronger impacts on precipitation extremes than on mean precipitation. Horizontal model resolution strongly affects the global warming signals in the extreme precipitation in tropical and subtropical regions but not in high latitude regions. This study illustrates that the effects of horizontal resolution have to be taken into account to develop more robust projections of precipitation extremes.
Li, F.; Collins, W.D.; Wehner, M.F.; Williamson, D.L.; Olson, J.G.
Pax Global, Inc.,
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Pax Global, Inc., Pax Global, Inc., (freezers) Issued: April 2, 2013 BEFORE THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Washington, D.C. 20585 ) ) ) ) ) Case Number: 2013-SE-L413 NOTICE OF NONCOMPLIANCE DETERMINATION Manufacturers and private labelers are prohibited from distributing covered products in the United States that do not comply with applicable federal energy conservation standards. 10 C.F.R. § 429.102; 42 U.S.C. § 6302. Pax Global, Inc. ("Pax Global") is a private labeler and uses the "Crosley" and "Daewoo" brands to distribute freezers in the United States. TESTING l. The U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE") tested four privately labeled units o basic model numbe , manufactured , 1 that had been distributed in the United States by a third-pa1iy private labeler.
Characterizing Transport between the Surface Mixed Layer and the Ocean Interior with a Forward and Adjoint Global Ocean Transport Model
The theory of first-passage time distribution functions and its extension to last-passage time distribution functions are applied to the problem of tracking the movement of water masses to and from the surface mixed layer in a global ocean ...
Fran�ois Primeau
Modeling of the performance of carbon nanotube bundle, cu/low-k and optical on-chip global interconnects
In this work, we have quantified and compared the performance of carbon nanotube (CNT) and optical interconnects with the existing technology of Cu/low-K interconnects for future high-performance ICs. We present these comparisons not only in terms of ... Keywords: Cu, Global interconnects, bandwidth density, carbon nanotube, latency, optics, power
Hoyeol Cho; Kyung-Hoae Koo; Pawan Kapur; Krishna C. Saraswat
High resolution simulation of the South Asian monsoon using a variable4 resolution global climate model5
1 1 2 3 High resolution simulation of the South Asian monsoon using a variable4 resolution global of the South Asian monsoon rainfall distribution and the interactions27 between monsoon circulation of resolution on the overall quality of the simulated regional33 monsoon fields. It is found that the monsoon
Dufresne, Jean-Louis
Evaluation of the Genetic and Nutritional Control of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in a Novel Mouse Model on Chromosome 7: An Insight into Insulin Signaling and Glucose Homeostasis
Obesity is the main cause of type 2 diabetes, accounting for 90-95% of all diabetes cases in the US. Human obesity is a complex trait and can be studied using appropriate mouse models. A novel polygenic mouse model for studying the genetic and environmental contributions to and the physiological ramifications of obesity and related phenotypes is found in specific lines of mice bred and maintained at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Heterozygous mice with a maternally inherited copy of two radiation-induced deletions in the p region of mouse chromosome 7, p23DFioD and p30PUb, have significantly greater body fat and show hyperinsulinemia compared to the wild-type. A single gene, Atp10c, maps to this critical region and codes for a putative aminophospholipid translocase. Biochemical and molecular studies were initiated to gain insight into obesity and glucose homeostasis in these animals and to study the biological role of Atp10c in creating these phenotypes. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were standardized for the heterozygous p23DFioD and control mice on a custom-made diet containing 20% protein, 70% carbohydrate, and 10% fat (kcal). Atp10c expression profiles were also generated using Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Heterozygous p23DFioD animals showed insulin resistance after receiving a dose of either 0.375 or 0.75 U/kg Illetin R insulin. RT-PCR data also shows differences in Atp10c expression in the mutants versus control mice. Using these standardized biochemical assays, future studies will further the understanding of genetic and nutritional controls of glucose homeostasis and obesity in animal models and subsequently in human populations.
Nelson, S.; Dhar, M.
Constraining the Influence of Natural Variability to Improve Estimates of Global Aerosol Indirect Effects in a Nudged Version of the Community Atmosphere Model 5
Natural modes of variability on many timescales influence aerosol particle distributions and cloud properties such that isolating statistically significant differences in cloud radiative forcing due to anthropogenic aerosol perturbations (indirect effects) typically requires integrating over long simulations. For state-of-the-art global climate models (GCM), especially those in which embedded cloud-resolving models replace conventional statistical parameterizations (i.e. multi-scale modeling framework, MMF), the required long integrations can be prohibitively expensive. Here an alternative approach is explored, which implements Newtonian relaxation (nudging) to constrain simulations with both pre-industrial and present-day aerosol emissions toward identical meteorological conditions, thus reducing differences in natural variability and dampening feedback responses in order to isolate radiative forcing. Ten-year GCM simulations with nudging provide a more stable estimate of the global-annual mean aerosol indirect radiative forcing than do conventional free-running simulations. The estimates have mean values and 95% confidence intervals of -1.54 � 0.02 W/m2 and -1.63 � 0.17 W/m2 for nudged and free-running simulations, respectively. Nudging also substantially increases the fraction of the world�s area in which a statistically significant aerosol indirect effect can be detected (68% and 25% of the Earth's surface for nudged and free-running simulations, respectively). One-year MMF simulations with and without nudging provide global-annual mean aerosol indirect radiative forcing estimates of -0.80 W/m2 and -0.56 W/m2, respectively. The one-year nudged results compare well with previous estimates from three-year free-running simulations (-0.77 W/m2), which showed the aerosol-cloud relationship to be in better agreement with observations and high-resolution models than in the results obtained with conventional parameterizations.
Kooperman, G. J.; Pritchard, M. S.; Ghan, Steven J.; Wang, Minghuai; Somerville, Richard C.; Russell, Lynn
FTT:Power : A global model of the power sector with induced technological change and natural resource depletion
. The decarbonisation of the global power system depends first and foremost on the rate at which highly emitting technologies based on fossil fuels can be substituted for cleaner ones. While fossil fueled electricity generation technologies are mature and well... determine the 90% confidence level, and the blue curve corresponds to the most probable set of values. Uncertainty in the determination of natural resource avail- ability is notable in the case of fossil fuel reserves and re- sources. Rogner (1997) paints a...
Mercure, Jean-Francois
Estimates of the Global Indirect Energy-Use Emission Impacts of USA Biofuel Policy
This paper evaluates the indirect energy-use emission implications of increases in the use of biofuels in the USA between 2001 and 2010 as mandates within a dynamic global computable general equilibrium model. The study incorporates explicit markets for biofuels, petroleum and other fossil fuels, and accounts for interactions among all sectors of an 18-region global economy. It considers bilateral trade, as well as the dynamics of capital allocation and investment. Simulation results show that the biofuel mandates in the USA generate an overall reduction in global energy use and emissions over the simulation period from 2001 to 2030. Consequently, the indirect energy-use emission change or emission leakage under the mandate is negative. That is, global emission reductions are larger than the direct emission savings from replacing petroleum with biofuels under the USA RFS2 over the last decade. Under our principal scenario this enhanced the direct emission reduction from biofuels by about 66%. The global change in lifecycle energy-use emissions for this scenario was estimated to be about 93 million tons of CO2e in 2010, 45 million tons of CO2e in 2020, and an increase of 5 million tons of CO2e in 2030, relative to the baseline scenario. Sensitivity results of six alternative scenarios provided additional insights into the pattern of the regional and global effects of biofuel mandates on energy-use emissions.
Oladosu, Gbadebo A [ORNL
Insight HEVs were driven less than 25,000 miles each (Fleet testing) and the fourth was driven 68,000 miles. During January 2005, the fifth Insight reached 160,000 miles...
Nuclear Physics meets Biophysics: New Insights into ...
... Nuclear Physics meets Biophysics: New Insights into Macromolecules. Frank Heinrich, Institut f�r Experimentelle Physik II, Universit�t Leipzig. ...
Globalizing of technology module in contextualized language instruction.
??The module "Technology in Contextualized Language Instruction" provides models and insights into the ways in which teachers can use technology to connect their students and� (more)
Aglawe, Anjali A.
Fundamental limits and insights: from wireless communication to DNA sequencing
Fundamental limits and insights: from wireless communicationDavid Aldous Fall 2012 Fundamental limits and insights: fromGuy Bresler Abstract Fundamental limits and insights: from
Bresler, Guy
Improvement and Implementation of a Parameterization for Shallow Cumulus in the Global Climate Model ECHAM5-HAM
A transient shallow-convection scheme is implemented into the general circulation model ECHAM5 and the coupled aerosol model HAM, developed at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg. The shallow-convection scheme is extended to take ...
Francesco A. Isotta; P. Spichtinger; U. Lohmann; K. von Salzen
Modeling Global and Regional Net Primary Production under Elevated Atmospheric CO2: On a Potential Source of Uncertainty
Terrestrial ecosystem models are built, among several reasons, to explore how the Earth�s biosphere responds to climate change and to the projected continual increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration. Many of these models adopt the Farquhar et ...
Mustapha El Maayar; Navin Ramankutty; Christopher J. Kucharik
Effective Supply Chain Management Strategy for Food Products: An Insight to Linked Partnerships
This paper explores and extends the supply chain management strategy for food products effectively and efficiently through analysis of insights to linked partnerships within the supply chain due to the possibility of a global food crisis. The required ... Keywords: Food Crisis Resolution, Logistics Management, Strategic Partnership, Supply Chain Management Strategy, Supply Chain Strategy, Supply Chain for Agricultural Products
Witaya Krajaysri
Earth observations and global change decision making, 1989
This book covers: global change databases;; satellite data for climate and global change; reversing the greenhouse effect; hydrological implications of the greenhouse effect; and policy models for global change.
Ginsberg, I.W. (Information Analysis and Exploitation Lab., ERIM, MI (US)); Angelo, J.A. Jr. (Florida Institute of Technology, FL (US))
Fundamental and semi-global kinetic mechanisms of hydrocarbon combustion. Progress report, March 1--September 30, 1977
Major emphasis in combustion research is being given to the study of oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels to lend insight into the modelling of combustion processes. The introduction of combustion chemistry into the already complex turbulent flow situations which exist in practical devices make modelling exceptionally difficult. Semi-global reaction mechanisms offer the potential of reducing the overall chemical kinetic complexity, thus substantially reducing the computational barriers to appropriate modelling of combustion processes. Reported here are the results of efforts presently underway at Princeton under ERDA support, to provide a general understanding of hydrocarbon oxidation. Specifically the results of studies of the lean oxidation of ethane along with the developed semi-global rates are reported. Initial results for the lean oxidation of propane are discussed and the present status of studies on methanol oxidation is also reported.
Glassman, I.; Dryer, F.L.
Global warming and global dioxide emission: An empirical study
In this paper, the dynamic relationship between global surface temperature (global warming) and global carbon dioxide emission (CO{sub 2}) is modelled and analyzed by causality and spectral analysis in the time domain and frequency domain, respectively. Historical data of global CO{sub 2} emission and global surface temperature anomalies over 129 years from 1860-1988 are used in this study. The causal relationship between the two phenomena is first examined using the Sim and Granger causality test in the time domain after the data series are filtered by ARIMA models. The Granger causal relationship is further scrutinized and confirmed by cross-spectral and multichannel spectral analysis in the frequency domain. The evidence found from both analyses proves that there is a positive causal relationship between the two variables. The time domain analysis suggests that Granger causality exists between global surface temperature and global CO{sub 2} emission. Further, CO{sub 2} emission causes the change in temperature. The conclusions are further confirmed by the frequency domain analysis, which indicates that the increase in CO{sub 2} emission causes climate warming because a high coherence exists between the two variables. Furthermore, it is proved that climate changes happen after an increase in CO{sub 2} emission, which confirms that the increase in CO{sub 2} emission does cause global warming. 27 refs., 10 figs., 5 tabs.
Linyan Sun [Xian Jiaotong Univ., Shaanxi (China); Wang, M. [Saint Mary`s Univ., Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada)
Global Warming: Physics and Facts
This report contains papers on: A tutorial on global atmospheric energetics and the greenhouse effect; global climate models: what and how; comparison of general circulation models; climate and the earth`s radiation budget; temperature and sea level change; short-term climate variability and predictions; the great ocean conveyor; trace gases in the atmosphere: temporal and spatial trends; the geochemical carbon cycle and the uptake of fossil fuel CO{sub 2}; forestry and global warming; the physical and policy linkages; policy implications of greenhouse warming; options for lowering US carbon dioxide emissions; options for reducing carbon dioxide emissions; and science and diplomacy: a new partnership to protect the environment.
Levi, B.G. [Physics Today, New York, NY (United States); Hafemeister, D. [Committee on Foreign Relations (U.S. Senate), Washington, DC (United States); Scribner, R. [Georgetown Univ., Washington, DC (United States)] [eds.
This report contains papers on: A tutorial on global atmospheric energetics and the greenhouse effect; global climate models: what and how; comparison of general circulation models; climate and the earth's radiation budget; temperature and sea level change; short-term climate variability and predictions; the great ocean conveyor; trace gases in the atmosphere: temporal and spatial trends; the geochemical carbon cycle and the uptake of fossil fuel CO{sub 2}; forestry and global warming; the physical and policy linkages; policy implications of greenhouse warming; options for lowering US carbon dioxide emissions; options for reducing carbon dioxide emissions; and science and diplomacy: a new partnership to protect the environment.
Levi, B.G. (Physics Today, New York, NY (United States)); Hafemeister, D. (Committee on Foreign Relations (U.S. Senate), Washington, DC (United States)); Scribner, R. (Georgetown Univ., Washington, DC (United States)) (eds.)
We assess the ability of 18 Earth System Models to simulate the land and ocean carbon cycle for the present climate. These models will be used in the next Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) for climate ...
A. Anav; P. Friedlingstein; M. Kidston; L. Bopp; P. Ciais; P. Cox; C. Jones; M. Jung; R. Myneni; Z. Zhu
A Global Eddy-Resolving Coupled Physical-Biological Model: Physical Influences on a Marine Ecosystem in the North Pacific
Physical influences on a marine ecosystem in the open ocean are investigated using a simplified four-component ecosystem model embedded in an eddy-resolving ocean general-circulation model (OGCM). The annual cycle of temperature, nitrate, and phytoplankton ... Keywords: Marine ecosystem, North Pacific, eddy-resolving OGCM, physical processes
Yoshikazu Sasai; Akio Ishida; Hideharu Sasaki; Shintaro Kawahara; Hitoshi Uehara; Yasuhiro Yamanaka
Will Model-based Definition replace engineering drawings throughout the product lifecycle? A global perspective from aerospace industry
The Model-based Definition (MBD) approach is gaining popularity in various industries. MBD represents a trend in Computer-aided Design (CAD) that promises reduced time-to-market and improved product quality. Its main goal is to improve and accelerate ... Keywords: CAD, Engineering drawing, MBD, Model-based Definition, Product lifecycle
Virgilio Quintana; Louis Rivest; Robert Pellerin; Fr�d�rick Venne; Fawzi Kheddouci
Evaluating the Land and Ocean Components of the Global Carbon Cycle in the CMIP5 Earth System Models
The authors assess the ability of 18 Earth system models to simulate the land and ocean carbon cycle for the present climate. These models will be used in the next Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) for ...
Global climate feedbacks
The important physical, chemical, and biological events that affect global climate change occur on a mesoscale -- requiring high spatial resolution for their analysis. The Department of Energy has formulated two major initiatives under the US Global Change Program: ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurements), and CHAMMP (Computer Hardware Advanced Mathematics and Model Physics). ARM is designed to use ground and air-craft based observations to document profiles of atmospheric composition, clouds, and radiative fluxes. With research and models of important physical processes, ARM will delineate the relationships between trace gases, aerosol and cloud structure, and radiative transfer in the atmosphere, and will improve the parameterization of global circulation models. The present GCMs do not model important feedbacks, including those from clouds, oceans, and land processes. The purpose of this workshop is to identify such potential feedbacks, to evaluate the uncertainties in the feedback processes (and, if possible, to parameterize the feedback processes so that they can be treated in a GCM), and to recommend research programs that will reduce the uncertainties in important feedback processes. Individual reports are processed separately for the data bases.
Manowitz, B.
Integrated Assessment Modeling
This paper discusses the role of Integrated Assessment models (IAMs) in climate change research. IAMs are an interdisciplinary research platform, which constitutes a consistent scientific framework in which the large-scale interactions between human and natural Earth systems can be examined. In so doing, IAMs provide insights that would otherwise be unavailable from traditional single-discipline research. By providing a broader view of the issue, IAMs constitute an important tool for decision support. IAMs are also a home of human Earth system research and provide natural Earth system scientists information about the nature of human intervention in global biogeophysical and geochemical processes.
Edmonds, James A.; Calvin, Katherine V.; Clarke, Leon E.; Janetos, Anthony C.; Kim, Son H.; Wise, Marshall A.; McJeon, Haewon C.
Decadal Sea Level Variability in the South Pacific in a Global Eddy-Resolving Ocean Model Hindcast
Sea level variability and related oceanic changes in the South Pacific from 1970 to 2003 are investigated using a hindcast simulation of an eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model (OGCM) for the Earth Simulator (OFES), along with sea level ...
Yoshi N. Sasaki; Shoshiro Minobe; Niklas Schneider; Takashi Kagimoto; Masami Nonaka; Hideharu Sasaki
Optimal Surface Salinity Perturbations of the Meridional Overturning and Heat Transport in a Global Ocean General Circulation Model
Recent observations and modeling studies have stressed the influence of surface salinity perturbations on the North Atlantic circulation over the past few decades. As a step toward the estimation of the sensitivity of the thermohaline circulation ...
Florian S�vellec; Thierry Huck; Mahdi Ben Jelloul; Nicolas Grima; J�r�me Vialard; Anthony Weaver
Past and Future Effects of Ozone on Net Primary Production and Carbon Sequestration Using a Global Biogeochemical Model
Exposure of plants to ozone inhibits photosynthesis and therefore reduces vegetation production and carbon sequestration. Simulations with the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) for the historical period (1860-1995) show ...
Felzer, Benjamin Seth.
Simulation of the Global Hydrological Cycle in the CCSM Community Atmosphere Model Version 3 (CAM3): Mean Features
The seasonal and annual climatological behavior of selected components of the hydrological cycle are presented from coupled and uncoupled configurations of the atmospheric component of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) Community ...
James J. Hack; Julie M. Caron; Stephen G. Yeager; Keith W. Oleson; Marika M. Holland; John E. Truesdale; Philip J. Rasch
Equilibrium Response of an Atmosphere�Mixed Layer Ocean Model to Different Radiative Forcing Agents: Global and Zonal Mean Response
The equilibrium response to various forcing agents, including CO2, solar irradiance, tropospheric ozone, black carbon, organic carbon, sulfate, and volcanic aerosols, is investigated using an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a ...
Masakazu Yoshimori; Anthony J. Broccoli
Energetics of the Global Ocean: The Role of Layer-Thickness Form Drag
Understanding the role of mesoscale eddies in the global ocean is fundamental to gaining insight into the factors that control the strength of the circulation. This paper presents results of an analysis of a high-resolution numerical simulation. ...
Hidenori Aiki; Kelvin J. Richards
Global Climate Data
Data Data The climate data at the ORNL DAAC are used primarily as driving variables in terrestrial biogeochemistry models. These models typically use data on temperature (min,max), precipitation, humidity (relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, dew point), radiation (PFD in PAR, shortwave, direct/diffuse, and UV radiation, daylength), and wind velocity. Climate / meteorology data are required at hourly to monthly time scales, either point or gridded, at spatial scales ranging from regional to continental to global. The ORNL DAAC currently distributes climate data from several related projects: VEMAP-1 Hydroclimatology, and Global Historical Climatology Network. We are also now distributing climate data developed at the East Anglia Climate Research Unit and the Potsdam Institute for Climate Research.
Comparison of the Vertical Velocity Used to Calculate the Cloud Droplet Number Concentration in a Cloud Resolving and a Global Climate Model
Comparison of the Vertical Velocity Comparison of the Vertical Velocity used to Calculate the Cloud Droplet Number Concentration in a Cloud-Resolving and a Global Climate Model H. Guo, J. E. Penner, M. Herzog, and X. Liu Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan Introduction Anthropogenic aerosols are effective cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The availability of CCN affects the initial cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) and droplet size; therefore, cloud optical properties (the so-called first aerosol indirect effect). However, the estimate of CDNC from a mechanistic treatment shows significant differences from the empirical schemes mainly due to the large bias of the large-scale vertical velocity (w) (Ghan et al. 1993, 1995; Boucher and Lohmann 1995;
Modeling the oil Transition: A Summary of the Proceedings of the DOE/EPA Workshop on the Economic and Environmental Implications of Global Energy Transitions, February 2007
7-014 7-014 Modeling the Oil Transition: A Summary of the Proceedings of the DOE/EPA Workshop on the Economic and Environmental Implications of Global Energy Transitions February 2007 David L. Greene, Editor DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY Reports produced after January 1, 1996, are generally available free via the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Information Bridge: Web site: http://www.osti.gov/bridge Reports produced before January 1, 1996, may be purchased by members of the public from the following source: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Telephone: 703-605-6000 (1-800-553-6847) TDD: 703-487-4639 Fax: 703-605-6900 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Web site: http://www.ntis.gov/support/ordernowabout.htm
Geothermal: Sponsored by OSTI -- Hydraulic fracturing: insights...
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Hydraulic fracturing: insights from field, lab, and numerical studies Geothermal Technologies Legacy Collection HelpFAQ | Site Map | Contact Us | Admin Log On HomeBasic Search...
Synthetic Cells Shed Biological Insights While Delivering ...
Synthetic Cells Shed Biological Insights While Delivering Battery Power. ... Image of two artificial cells that can act as a tiny battery. ...
An Assessment of a Model-, Grid-, and Basin-Independent Tropical Cyclone Detection Scheme in Selected CMIP3 Global Climate Models
A novel tropical cyclone (TC) detection technique designed for coarse-resolution models is tested and evaluated. The detector, based on the Okubo�Weiss�Zeta parameter (OWZP), is applied to a selection of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, ...
K. J. Tory; S. S. Chand; R. A. Dare; J. L. McBride
Technological prospects and CO2 emission trading analyses in the iron and steel industry: A global model Energy
This article presents the Iron and Steel Industry Model (ISIM). This is a world simulation model able to analyze the evolution of the industry from 1997 to 2030, focusing on steel production, demand, trade, energy consumption, CO2 emissions, technology dynamics, and retrofitting options. In the context of the Kyoto Protocol on climate change, the potential impacts of a CO2 emission market (e.g. the gains in terms of compliance costs, the country trading position, the evolution of the technology and the energy mixes) are also addressed. In particular, three emission trading scenarios are considered: an EU15 market, an enlarged EU market, and an Annex B market.
Ignacio Hidalgo; Laszlo Szabo; Juan Carlos Ciscar; Antonio Soria
The heating and acceleration of the solar wind is an active area of research. Alfven waves, because of their ability to accelerate and heat the plasma, are a likely candidate in both processes. Many models have explored wave dissipation mechanisms which act either in closed or open magnetic field regions. In this work, we emphasize the boundary between these regions, drawing on observations which indicate unique heating is present there. We utilize a new solar corona component of the Space Weather Modeling Framework, in which Alfven wave energy transport is self-consistently coupled to the magnetohydrodynamic equations. In this solar wind model, the wave pressure gradient accelerates and wave dissipation heats the plasma. Kolmogorov-like wave dissipation as expressed by Hollweg along open magnetic field lines was presented in van der Holst et al. Here, we introduce an additional dissipation mechanism: surface Alfven wave (SAW) damping, which occurs in regions with transverse (with respect to the magnetic field) gradients in the local Alfven speed. For solar minimum conditions, we find that SAW dissipation is weak in the polar regions (where Hollweg dissipation is strong), and strong in subpolar latitudes and the boundaries of open and closed magnetic fields (where Hollweg dissipation is weak). We show that SAW damping reproduces regions of enhanced temperature at the boundaries of open and closed magnetic fields seen in tomographic reconstructions in the low corona. Also, we argue that Ulysses data in the heliosphere show enhanced temperatures at the boundaries of fast and slow solar wind, which is reproduced by SAW dissipation. Therefore, the model's temperature distribution shows best agreement with these observations when both dissipation mechanisms are considered. Lastly, we use observational constraints of shock formation in the low corona to assess the Alfven speed profile in the model. We find that, compared to a polytropic solar wind model, the wave-driven model with physical dissipation mechanisms presented in this work is more aligned with an empirical Alfven speed profile. Therefore, a wave-driven model which includes the effects of SAW damping is a better background to simulate coronal-mass-ejection-driven shocks.
Evans, R. M. [NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States); Opher, M. [Astronomy Department, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215 (United States); Oran, R.; Van der Holst, B.; Sokolov, I. V.; Frazin, R.; Gombosi, T. I. [Center for Space Environment Modeling, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); Vasquez, A., E-mail: email@example.com [Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio (CONICET-UBA) and FCEN (UBA), CC 67, Suc 28, Ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Niche-based modelling as a tool for predicting the risk of alien plant invasions at a global scale
) succulent karoo, (3) Nama-karoo, (4) fynbos, (5) Albany thicket, (6) grassland and (7) savanna. Because, fynbos and succulent karoo. Temperate Europe and the south-eastern part of the USA now appear suitable (succulent karoo, Nama-karoo and dwarf savanna). Species' distribution models Native distribution of South
Schweik, Charles M.
An integrated modelling framework for simulating regional-scale actor responses to global change in the water domain
Within coupled hydrological simulation systems, taking socio-economic processes into account is still a challenging task. In particular, systems that aim at evaluating impacts of climatic change on large spatial and temporal scales cannot be based on ... Keywords: Actors, Climate change, Coupled simulation, Domestic water use, Framework technology, Integrated water resources management, Regional scale model, Social simulation, Water supply
R. Barthel; S. Janisch; N. Schwarz; A. Trifkovic; D. Nickel; C. Schulz; W. Mauser
Global Circulation in an Axially Symmetric Shallow-Water Model, Forced by Off-Equatorial Differential Heating
An axially symmetric inviscid shallow-water model (SWM) on the rotating Earth forced by off-equatorial steady differential heating is employed to characterize the main features of the upper branch of an ideal Hadley circulation. The steady-state ...
Diagnosing Northern Hemisphere Jet Portrayal in 17 CMIP3 Global Climate Models: Twenty-First-Century Projections
The anthropogenic climate change impacts on the eddy�jet system include an intensified midlatitude jet stream and an elevated tropopause, as well as a poleward-shifted jet. While both responses are evident in phase 3 of the Coupled Model ...
Sharon C. Delcambre; David J. Lorenz; Daniel J. Vimont; Jonathan E. Martin
Effects of Cloud Seeding in West Texas: Additional Results and New Insights
Additional results and new insights have been obtained regarding the effect of randomized dynamic seeding of supercooled convective clouds in west Texas. These have resulted in a revised conceptual model that aids in understanding the new results ...
Daniel Rosenfeld; William L. Woodley
Decision insight into stakeholder conflict for ERN.
Participatory modeling has become an important tool in facilitating resource decision making and dispute resolution. Approaches to modeling that are commonly used in this context often do not adequately account for important human factors. Current techniques provide insights into how certain human activities and variables affect resource outcomes; however, they do not directly simulate the complex variables that shape how, why, and under what conditions different human agents behave in ways that affect resources and human interactions related to them. Current approaches also do not adequately reveal how the effects of individual decisions scale up to have systemic level effects in complex resource systems. This lack of integration prevents the development of more robust models to support decision making and dispute resolution processes. Development of integrated tools is further hampered by the fact that collection of primary data for decision-making modeling is costly and time consuming. This project seeks to develop a new approach to resource modeling that incorporates both technical and behavioral modeling techniques into a single decision-making architecture. The modeling platform is enhanced by use of traditional and advanced processes and tools for expedited data capture. Specific objectives of the project are: (1) Develop a proof of concept for a new technical approach to resource modeling that combines the computational techniques of system dynamics and agent based modeling, (2) Develop an iterative, participatory modeling process supported with traditional and advance data capture techniques that may be utilized to facilitate decision making, dispute resolution, and collaborative learning processes, and (3) Examine potential applications of this technology and process. The development of this decision support architecture included both the engineering of the technology and the development of a participatory method to build and apply the technology. Stakeholder interaction with the model and associated data capture was facilitated through two very different modes of engagement, one a standard interface involving radio buttons, slider bars, graphs and plots, while the other utilized an immersive serious gaming interface. The decision support architecture developed through this project was piloted in the Middle Rio Grande Basin to examine how these tools might be utilized to promote enhanced understanding and decision-making in the context of complex water resource management issues. Potential applications of this architecture and its capacity to lead to enhanced understanding and decision-making was assessed through qualitative interviews with study participants who represented key stakeholders in the basin.
Siirola, John; Tidwell, Vincent Carroll; Benz, Zachary O.; Stansbury, Melanie; Richards, Elizabeth H.; Turnley, Jessica Glicken (Galisteo Consulting); Warrender, Christina E.; Morrow, James Dan
Does Calcium diffusional global feedback leads to slow light adaptation in Drosophila photoreceptors? - A 3D biophysical modelling approach
, China. 5Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa 904-0411, Japan. 6Theoretical Neurobiology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Published: 18 July 2011 Reference 1. Song Z, Billings S, Coca D... photoreceptors? - A 3D biophysical modelling approach. BMC Neuroscience 2011 12(Suppl 1):P56. * Correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com 1Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK 5Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa...
Global Simulations of Ice nucleation and Ice Supersaturation with an Improved Cloud Scheme in the Community Atmosphere Model
A process-based treatment of ice supersaturation and ice-nucleation is implemented in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model (CAM). The new scheme is designed to allow (1) supersaturation with respect to ice, (2) ice nucleation by aerosol particles and (3) ice cloud cover consistent with ice microphysics. The scheme is implemented with a 4-class 2 moment microphysics code and is used to evaluate ice cloud nucleation mechanisms and supersaturation in CAM. The new model is able to reproduce field observations of ice mass and mixed phase cloud occurrence better than previous versions of the model. Simulations indicate heterogeneous freezing and contact nucleation on dust are both potentially important over remote areas of the Arctic. Cloud forcing and hence climate is sensitive to different formulations of the ice microphysics. Arctic radiative fluxes are sensitive to the parameterization of ice clouds. These results indicate that ice clouds are potentially an important part of understanding cloud forcing and potential cloud feedbacks, particularly in the Arctic.
Gettelman, A.; Liu, Xiaohong; Ghan, Steven J.; Morrison, H.; Park, Sungsu; Conley, Andrew; Klein, Stephen A.; Boyle, James; Mitchell, David; Li, J-L F.
Global residential appliance standards
In most countries, residential electricity consumption typically ranges from 20% to 40% of total electricity consumption. This energy is used for heating, cooling, refrigeration and other end-uses. Significant energy savings are possible if new appliance purchases are for models with higher efficiency than that of existing models. There are several ways to ensure or encourage such an outcome, for example, appliance rebates, innovative procurement, and minimum efficiency standards. This paper focuses on the latter approach. At the present time, the US is the only country with comprehensive appliance energy efficiency standards. However, many other countries, such as Australia, Canada, the European Community (EC), Japan and Korea, are considering enacting standards. The greatest potential impact of minimum efficiency standards for appliances is in the developing countries (e.g., China and India), where saturations of household appliances are relatively low but growing rapidly. This paper discusses the potential savings that could be achieved from global appliance efficiency standards for refrigerators and freezers. It also could be achieved from global appliance efficiency standards for refrigerators and freezers. It also discusses the impediments to establishing common standards for certain appliance types, such as differing test procedures, characteristics, and fuel prices. A methodology for establishing global efficiency standards for refrigerators and freezers is described.
Turiel, I.; McMahon, J.E. [Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (US); Lebot, B. [Agence Francaise pour la Maitrise de l`Energie, Valbonne (FR)
Hydrological Cycle in the Danube basin in present-day and XXII century simulations by IPCCAR4 global climate models
We present an intercomparison and verification analysis of 20 GCMs included in the 4th IPCC assessment report regarding their representation of the hydrological cycle on the Danube river basin for 1961-2000 and for the 2161-2200 SRESA1B scenario runs. The basin-scale properties of the hydrological cycle are computed by spatially integrating the precipitation, evaporation, and runoff fields using the Voronoi-Thiessen tessellation formalism. The span of the model simulated mean annual water balances is of the same order of magnitude of the observed Danube discharge of the Delta; the true value is within the range simulated by the models. Some land components seem to have deficiencies since there are cases of violation of water conservation when annual means are considered. The overall performance and the degree of agreement of the GCMs are comparable to those of the RCMs analyzed in a previous work, in spite of the much higher resolution and common nesting of the RCMs. The reanalyses are shown to feature severa...
Lucarini, Valerio; Kriegerova, Ida; Speranza, Antonio; 10.1029/2007JD009167
Downscaling Aerosols and the Impact of Neglected Subgrid Processes on Direct Aerosol Radiative Forcing for a Representative Global Climate Model Grid Spacing
Recent improvements to many global climate models include detailed, prognostic aerosol calculations intended to better reproduce the observed climate. However, the trace gas and aerosol fields are treated at the grid-cell scale with no attempt to account for sub-grid impacts on the aerosol fields. This paper begins to quantify the error introduced by the neglected sub-grid variability for the shortwave aerosol radiative forcing for a representative climate model grid spacing of 75 km. An analysis of the value added in downscaling aerosol fields is also presented to give context to the WRF-Chem simulations used for the sub-grid analysis. We found that 1) the impact of neglected sub-grid variability on the aerosol radiative forcing is strongest in regions of complex topography and complicated flow patterns, and 2) scale-induced differences in emissions contribute strongly to the impact of neglected sub-grid processes on the aerosol radiative forcing. The two of these effects together, when simulated at 75 km vs. 3 km in WRF-Chem, result in an average daytime mean bias of over 30% error in top-of-atmosphere shortwave aerosol radiative forcing for a large percentage of central Mexico during the MILAGRO field campaign.
Gustafson, William I.; Qian, Yun; Fast, Jerome D.
The Evolution of Dynamical Cores for Global Atmospheric Models,� Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan 85B 241�269
The evolution of global atmospheric model dynamical cores from the first developments in the early 1960s to present day is reviewed. Numerical methods for atmospheric models are not straightforward because of the so-called pole problem. The early approaches include methods based on composite meshes, on quasi-homogeneous grids such as spherical geodesic and cubed sphere, on reduced grids, and on a latitude-longitude grid with short time steps near the pole, none of which were entirely successful. This resulted in the dominance of the spectral transform method after it was introduced. Semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit methods were developed which yielded significant computational savings and became dominant in Numerical Weather Prediction. The need for improved physical properties in climate modeling led to developments in shape preserving and conservative methods. Today the numerical methods development community is extremely active with emphasis placed on methods with desirable physical properties, especially conservation and shape preservation, while retaining the accuracy and efficiency gained in the past. Much of the development is based on quasi-uniform grids. Although the need for better physical properties is emphasized in this paper, another driving force is the need to develop schemes which are capable of running efficiently on computers with thousands of processors and distributed memory. Test cases for dynamical core evaluation are also briefly reviewed. These range from well defined deterministic tests to longer term statistical tests with both idealized forcing and complete parameterization packages but simple geometries. Finally some aspects of coupling dynamical cores to parameterization suites are discussed. 1.
David L. Williamson
· NATIONAL AND GLOBAL FORECASTS · WEST VIRGINIA PROFILES AND FORECASTS · ENERGY · HEALTHCARE Industry Insight: West Virginia Fiscal Forecast 34 CHAPTER 4: WEST ViRGiNiA'S 35 COUNTiES AND MSAs West Forecast Summary 2 CHAPTER 1: THE UNiTED STATES ECONOMY Figure 1.1: United States Real GDP Growth 3 Figure
Mohaghegh, Shahab
Global Food Security | Data.gov
Global Food Security Global Food Security aWhere aWhere transforms how global development initiatives are managed and monitored. aWhere's location intelligence data management platform enables integration of complex agricultural, environmental and public health data into local, actionable insight. Application URL: http://www.awhere.com/en-us Read more about aWhere 0 comment(s) | Food Frequency Method Online A fast, low cost, effective method to assess micro-nutrient deficiencies in a developing country on a household basis, while also allowing for an aggregation to a community or regional basis quickly and effectively. Application URL: http://www.foodfrequencyonline.org/index Read more about Food Frequency Method Online 0 comment(s) | e-Afghan AG e-Afghan Ag provides credible relevant information to those helping farmers
From model conception to verification and validation, a global approach to multiphase Navier-Stoke models with an emphasis on volcanic explosive phenomenology
Large-scale volcanic eruptions are hazardous events that cannot be described by detailed and accurate in situ measurement: hence, little to no real-time data exists to rigorously validate current computer models of these events. In addition, such phenomenology involves highly complex, nonlinear, and unsteady physical behaviors upon many spatial and time scales. As a result, volcanic explosive phenomenology is poorly understood in terms of its physics, and inadequately constrained in terms of initial, boundary, and inflow conditions. Nevertheless, code verification and validation become even more critical because more and more volcanologists use numerical data for assessment and mitigation of volcanic hazards. In this report, we evaluate the process of model and code development in the context of geophysical multiphase flows. We describe: (1) the conception of a theoretical, multiphase, Navier-Stokes model, (2) its implementation into a numerical code, (3) the verification of the code, and (4) the validation of such a model within the context of turbulent and underexpanded jet physics. Within the validation framework, we suggest focusing on the key physics that control the volcanic clouds�namely, momentum-driven supersonic jet and buoyancy-driven turbulent plume. For instance, we propose to compare numerical results against a set of simple and well-constrained analog experiments, which uniquely and unambiguously represent each of the key-phenomenology. Key
Dartevelle, Sebastian
HEV Fleet Testing - 2001 Honda Insight Hybrid
1 - Honda Insight Hybrid VIN JHMZE14781T002163 Date Mileage Description Cost 2202002 7,595 Changed oil, rotated tires 27.00 592002 15,119 15K service 160.21 6142002 19,290...
DOE Research and Development Accomplishments Interesting Insights
DNA Interesting Insights Atom Neat Stuff a pre-Pong video game (Tennis for Two) Video game why dinosaurs are extinct Alvarez BuckyBall 'optical tweezers' Chu the molecule...
IDC Energy Insights | Open Energy Information
IDC Energy Insights IDC Energy Insights Jump to: navigation, search Logo: IDC Energy Insights Name IDC Energy Insights Place Framingham, Massachusetts Coordinates 42.2917623°, -71.4258945° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":42.2917623,"lon":-71.4258945,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
ALS Gives Chevron Scientists New Insights into Corrosion Resistance
ALS Gives Chevron Scientists New Insights into Corrosion Resistance ALS Gives Chevron Scientists New Insights into Corrosion Resistance Print Thursday, 25 July 2013 13:44 In the...
Cosmic global strings
This paper discusses the following topics: Global Strings; The Gravitational field of a straight global string; How do global strings behave The axion cosmological energy density; Computer simulations of the motion and decay of global strings; and Electromagnetic radiation from the conversion of Nambu-Goldstone bosons in astrophysical magnetic fields.
Sikivie, P. (Florida Univ., Gainesville, FL (USA). Dept. of Physics)
Analysing spatio-temporal patterns of the global NO2-distribution [NO subscript 2 -distribution] retrieved from GOME satellite observations using a generalized additive model
With the increasing availability of observational data from different sources at a global level, joint analysis of these data is becoming especially attractive. For such an analysis � oftentimes with little prior knowledge ...
Hayn, M.
Modeling sage grouse: progressive computational methods for linking a complex set of local, digital biodiversity and habitat data towards global conservation statements and decision-making systems
Modern conservation management needs to link biological questions with computational approaches. As a global template, here we present such an approach from a local study on sage grouse breeding habitat, leks, in North Natrona County, Wyoming, using ...
Anthonia Onyeahialam; Falk Huettmann; Stefania Bertazzon
Shared Memory Programming in Metacomputing Environments: The Global Array Approach
The performance of the Global Array shared-memory nonuniform memory-access programming model is explored in a wide-area-network (WAN) distributed supercomputer environment. The Global Array model is extended by introducing a concept of mirrored arrays ... Keywords: Metacomputing, NUMA memory architecture, distributed arrays, global arrays, shared-memory programming
Jarek Nieplocha; Robert Harrison
Atomistic insights into aqueous corrosion of copper.
Corrosion is a fundamental problem in electrochemistry and represents a mode of failure of technologically important materials. Understanding the basic mechanism of aqueous corrosion of metals such as Cu in presence of halide ions is hence essential. Using molecular dynamics simulations incorporating reactive force-field (ReaxFF), the interaction of copper substrates and chlorine under aqueous conditions has been investigated. These simulations incorporate effects of proton transfer in the aqueous media and are suitable for modeling the bond formation and bond breakage phenomenon that is associated with complex aqueous corrosion phenomena. Systematic investigation of the corrosion process has been carried out by simulating different chlorine concentration and solution states. The structural and morphological differences associated with metal dissolution in the presence of chloride ions are evaluated using dynamical correlation functions. The simulated atomic trajectories are used to analyze the charged states, molecular structure and ion density distribution which are utilized to understand the atomic scale mechanism of corrosion of copper substrates under aqueous conditions. Increased concentration of chlorine and higher ambient temperature were found to expedite the corrosion of copper. In order to study the effect of solution states on the corrosion resistance of Cu, partial fractions of proton or hydroxide in water were configured, and higher corrosion rate at partial fraction hydroxide environment was observed. When the Cl{sup -} concentration is low, oxygen or hydroxide ion adsorption onto Cu surface has been confirmed in partial fraction hydroxide environment. Our study provides new atomic scale insights into the early stages of aqueous corrosion of metals such as copper.
Jeon, B.; Sankaranarayanan, S. K. R. S.; van Duin, A. C. T.; Ramanathan, S. (Center for Nanoscale Materials); (Harvard Univ.); (Penn State Univ.)
Mechanisms for Global Warming Impacts on Precipitation Frequency and Intensity
Global warming mechanisms that cause changes in frequency and intensity of precipitation in the tropics are examined in climate model simulations. Under global warming, tropical precipitation tends to be more frequent and intense for heavy ...
Chia Chou; Chao-An Chen; Pei-Hua Tan; Kuan Ting Chen
Global Diabatic Heating during FGGE SOP-1 and SOP-2
With the increase in the observations data provided by FGGE and the use of global circulation models with full physics for the data assimilation, it is now becoming feasible to attempt to estimate globally the atmospheric diabatic heating. The ...
Tsing-Chang Chen; Wayman E. Baker
Ensemble Data Assimilation with the NCEP Global Forecast System
Real-data experiments with an ensemble data assimilation system using the NCEP Global Forecast System model were performed and compared with the NCEP Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS). All observations in the operational data stream were ...
Jeffrey S. Whitaker; Thomas M. Hamill; Xue Wei; Yucheng Song; Zoltan Toth
Alternative Forms of Humidity Information in Global Data Assimilation
Global data analysis procedures were developed to perform data assimilation for observed geopotential heights wind components, and relative humidity. These procedures were implemented in conjunction with a global spectral forecast model (GSM) and ...
The Energetics of Global Thermohaline Circulation and Its Wind Enhancement
The energy budget of global thermohaline circulation (THC) is numerically investigated using an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) under a realistic configuration. Earlier studies just discuss a globally integrated energy budget. This study ...
L. Shogo Urakawa; Hiroyasu Hasumi
Insight REV dbk.indd
67 lbs 67 lbs Delivered Curb Weight: 1959 lbs Distribution F/R: 61/39 % GVWR: 2380 lbs GAWR F/R: 1355/1035 lbs Payload: 411 lbs Performance Goal: 400 lbs DIMENSIONS Wheelbase: 94.5 inches Track F/R: 56.5/52.2 inches Length: 155.1 inches Width: 66.7 inches Height: 51.5 inches Ground Clearance: 4.6 inches Performance Goal: 5.0 inches TIRES Tire Mfg: Bridgestone Tire Model: Potenza Tire Size: 165/65R14
Space-Time Insight | Open Energy Information
Space-Time Insight Space-Time Insight Jump to: navigation, search Name Space-Time Insight Address 45680 Northport Loop East Place Fremont, California Zip 94538 Sector Efficiency Product SpaceTime Awareness Server Year founded 2008 Number of employees 11-50 Website http://www.spacetimeinsight.co Coordinates 37.4923832°, -121.9532879° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":37.4923832,"lon":-121.9532879,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Global Cooling: Effect of Urban Albedo on Global Temperature
In many urban areas, pavements and roofs constitute over 60% of urban surfaces (roof 20-25%, pavements about 40%). The roof and the pavement albedo can be increased by about 0.25 and 0.10, respectively, resulting in a net albedo increase for urban areas of about 0.1. Many studies have demonstrated building cooling-energy savings in excess of 20% upon raising roof reflectivity from an existing 10-20% to about 60%. We estimate U.S. potential savings in excess of $1 billion (B) per year in net annual energy bills. Increasing albedo of urban surfaces can reduce the summertime urban temperature and improve the urban air quality. Increasing the urban albedo has the added benefit of reflecting more of the incoming global solar radiation and countering the effect of global warming. We estimate that increasing albedo of urban areas by 0.1 results in an increase of 3 x 10{sup -4} in Earth albedo. Using a simple global model, the change in air temperature in lowest 1.8 km of the atmosphere is estimated at 0.01K. Modelers predict a warming of about 3K in the next 60 years (0.05K/year). Change of 0.1 in urban albedo will result in 0.01K global cooling, a delay of {approx}0.2 years in global warming. This 0.2 years delay in global warming is equivalent to 10 Gt reduction in CO2 emissions.
Akbari, Hashem; Menon, Surabi; Rosenfeld, Arthur
A Global Land System Framework for Integrated Climate-Change Assessments
Land ecosystems play a major role in the global cycles of energy, water, carbon and nutrients. A Global Land System (GLS) framework has been developed for the Integrated Global Systems Model Version 2 (IGSM2) to simulate ...
Schlosser, C. Adam
(Chemistry of the global atmosphere)
The traveler attended the conference The Chemistry of the Global Atmosphere,'' and presented a paper on the anthropogenic emission of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) to the atmosphere. The conference included meetings of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) programme, a core project of the International Geosphere/Biosphere Programme (IGBP) and the traveler participated in meetings on the IGAC project Development of Global Emissions Inventories'' and agreed to coordinate the working group on CO{sub 2}. Papers presented at the conference focused on the latest developments in analytical methods, modeling and understanding of atmospheric CO{sub 2}, CO, CH{sub 4}, N{sub 2}O, SO{sub 2}, NO{sub x}, NMHCs, CFCs, and aerosols.
Marland, G.
Review: Globalization of Water
Review: Globalization of Water: Sharing the Planet�sAshok K. Globalization of Water: Sharing the Planet�s140) liters of virtual water (p. 15). This is one of the
Tennant, Matthew Aaron
Global Security 2009
Security *Intelligence *Hyper Innovation Global Security Weapons & Complex Integration NIF Office of Strategic Outcomes Operations & Business Lawrence Livermore National...
Global Energy Perspectives
Global Energy Perspectives: Supply Security, Economic Development and Sustainability The Annual Energy Policy Conference of the National Capital Area ...
IBM Internet Security Systems Threat Insight Monthly
. http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=303411 BEA Systems - 2007 Daylight Savings Time ChangesIBM Internet Security Systems X-Force ® Threat Insight Monthly www.iss.netwww.iss.net February 2007 Shellcode Heuristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 The 2007 Daylight
Dynamics of global ocean heat transport variability
A state-of-the-art, high-resolution ocean general circulation model is used to estimate the time-dependent global ocean heat transport and investigate its dynamics. The north-south heat transport is the prime manifestation ...
Jayne, Steven Robert
Global Cloud Climatologies: A Historical Review
Accurate global cloud information is required for many climate studies, particularly for validation of climate model simulations. This paper reviews the cloud climatologies currently available, identifying and attempting to explain the ...
N. A. Hughes
Global Changes of the Water Cycle Intensity
In this study, numerical simulations of the twentieth-century climate are evaluated, focusing on the changes in the intensity of the global water cycle. A new model diagnostic of atmospheric water vapor cycling rate is developed and employed that ...
Michael G. Bosilovich; Siegfried D. Schubert; Gregory K. Walker
The Global Land Data Assimilation System
A Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) has been developed. Its purpose is to ingest satellite- and ground-based observational data products, using advanced land surface modeling and data assimilation techniques, in order to generate ...
M. Rodell; P. R. Houser; U. Jambor; J. Gottschalck; K. Mitchell; C-J. Meng; K. Arsenault; B. Cosgrove; J. Radakovich; M. Bosilovich; J. K. Entin*J. P. Walker; D. Lohmann; D. Toll
Advanced global illumination using photon mapping
Photon mapping provides a practical way of efficiently simulating global illumination including interreflections, caustics, color bleeding, participating media and subsurface scattering in scenes with complicated geometry and advanced material models. ...
Wojciech Jarosz; Henrik Wann Jensen; Craig Donner
Global Energy and Water Budgets in MERRA
Reanalyses, retrospectively analyzing observations over climatological time scales, represent a merger between satellite observations and models to provide globally continuous data and have improved over several generations. Balancing the earth�s ...
Michael G. Bosilovich; Franklin R. Robertson; Junye Chen
Global Climate Change Links
Global Climate Change Links Global Climate Change Links This page provides links to web pages that we at CDIAC feel do a responsible job of presenting information and discussion pertinent to the science behind the global climate change ("global warming") debate. These sites include those on both sides of the debate; some asserting that global warming is a clear and present danger, and others that might be labeled global warming "skeptics." Some of these sites don't take a position per se; they exist to offer the public objective scientific information and results on our present understanding of the climate system. The list is not intended to be comprehensive, by any means. We hope it will be especially helpful for those who may be just beginning their research into global
Quantifying Uncertainty in Epidemiological Models
Modern epidemiology has made use of a number of mathematical models, including ordinary differential equation (ODE) based models and agent based models (ABMs) to describe the dynamics of how a disease may spread within a population and enable the rational design of strategies for intervention that effectively contain the spread of the disease. Although such predictions are of fundamental importance in preventing the next global pandemic, there is a significant gap in trusting the outcomes/predictions solely based on such models. Hence, there is a need to develop approaches such that mathematical models can be calibrated against historical data. In addition, there is a need to develop rigorous uncertainty quantification approaches that can provide insights into when a model will fail and characterize the confidence in the (possibly multiple) model outcomes/predictions, when such retrospective analysis cannot be performed. In this paper, we outline an approach to develop uncertainty quantification approaches for epidemiological models using formal methods and model checking. By specifying the outcomes expected from a model in a suitable spatio-temporal logic, we use probabilistic model checking methods to quantify the probability with which the epidemiological model satisfies the specification. We argue that statistical model checking methods can solve the uncertainty quantification problem for complex epidemiological models.
Ramanathan, Arvind [ORNL; Jha, Sumit Kumar [University of Central Florida
Regionalized Global Energy Scenarios Meeting Stringent Climate Targets
to generate the energy supply mix that would meet given energy demands at lowest cost, assuming strongRegionalized Global Energy Scenarios Meeting Stringent Climate Targets cost effective fuel in the energy system it is less costly to reduce CO2-emissions #12;Global energy system model #12;Global energy
Acculturation to the global culture and internet adoption
Globalization is felt in most parts of the world and its effects on culture are becoming a topic of interest to society and in particular to the IS academic community. Our research addresses calls for research on the issue of globalization and its cultural ... Keywords: acculturation, dynamic view of culture, global culture, internet adoption, subjective norm, technology acceptance model, theory of reasoned action
Reem Ayouby; Anne-Marie Croteau; Louis Raymond
THE PALAEOZOIC PALYNOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE KAROO SUPERGROUP AND PALYNOFACIES INSIGHT INTO PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL INTERPRETATIONS, KALAHARI KAROO BASIN, BOTSWANA Benson N. Modie 2007 Thesis submitted Techniques THE PALAEOZOIC PALYNOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE KAROO SUPERGROUP AND PALYNOFACIES INSIGHT
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Enzyme Structure Provides Insights into Cancer and Aging
Enzyme Structure Provides Insights into Cancer and Aging Enzyme Structure Provides Insights into Cancer and Aging Print Wednesday, 25 February 2009 00:00 XPD helicase is an enzyme...
RCx Insights and Best Practices from Utilities
Insights and Best Practices from Insights and Best Practices from Utilities Ryan Stoianowski Senior Program Manager, ComEd A PECI EVENT 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning Learning Objectives 1. ComEd's RCx Program and all its flavors 2. Case studies for Museum, Hospital, and Office 3. Program design changes and lessons learned 4. Anticipated future direction of the program AIA Quality Assurance A PECI EVENT 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning Smart Ideas Background What is the Smart Ideas Program? * Provides incentives for energy efficient upgrades and incentives * Part of Illinois energy legislation passed in 2007 * Program implemented by ComEd, Ameren Illinois, and the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity
Insights from UT Austin Energy Poll
Insights from UT Austin Energy Insights from UT Austin Energy Poll on U.S. Consumer Attitudes July 24, 2013 Sheril Kirshenbaum Director of The Energy Poll Page 2 Source: University of Texas at Austin Energy Poll Impartial and authoritative source of public perspectives on energy to inform and guide discussion, business planning and policy development Page 3 Source: University of Texas at Austin Energy Poll Background * First questionnaire developed in 2010 (Inaugural launch Oct. 2011) * Collaborative effort with representatives from academic institutions, polling companies, non-governmental organizations, energy producers and energy consumers Fall 2012 - Third Release * Online survey conducted September 6-17, 2012 * 2,092 respondents, weighted to reflect U.S. Census demographics
Probabilistic Risk Assessment - Insights for Executives
This report describes the development and use of a new Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) training resource, Probabilistic Risk Assessment � Insights for Executives.� It consists of a slide package with speaker notes, for use by EPRI members to expand understanding of PRA and its applications among executives and nuclear power plant leadership teams.BackgroundWhile many technical disciplines in the nuclear industry have gained acceptance and are ...
Implementation of a Performance Instrumentation Framework for Global Arrays.
??The Global Arrays (GA) toolkit implements a shared-memory programming model for distributed memory machines where data locality is managed by the programmer. GA uses an� (more)
Kawsar, Golam H.
2013 Global Carbon Project
2013 Global Carbon Project 2013 Global Carbon Project DOI: 10.3334/CDIAC/GCP_2013_V1.1 image 2013 Budget v1.1 (November 2013) image 2013 Budget v1.3 (December 2013, contains typographical corrections to 2011 Australia emissions from v1.1 and corrections to the 2011 Australia transfer and consumption emissions from v1.2) image image image image Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions to Reach 36 Billion Tonnes in 2013 Global emissions of carbon dioxide from the combustion of fossil fuels will reach 36 billion tonnes for the year 2013. "This is a level unprecedented in human history," says CSIRO's Dr Pep Canadell, Executive-Director of the Global Carbon Project (GCP) and co-author of a new report. Global emissions due to fossil fuel alone are set to grow this year at a slightly lower pace of 2.1% than the average 3.1% since 2000, reaching 36
Statistical examination of climatological data relevant to global temperature variation. Final report
Advanced statistical procedures have been developed to analyze and model climatological data. Research has focused on the following areas: testing the global temperature series for trend; the effect of initial conditions on autoregressive models for global temperature data; long memory modeling of the carbon dioxide data; and spatial modeling of global temperature data.
Gray, H.L.; Gunst, R.F.; Woodward, W.A.
Cleantech Professional Resource Global Limited CPR Global | Open Energy
Professional Resource Global Limited CPR Global Professional Resource Global Limited CPR Global Jump to: navigation, search Name Cleantech Professional Resource Global Limited (CPR Global) Place London, United Kingdom Zip EC4M 9DN Product Cleantech Professional Resource is a resource management consultancy focusing on the cleantech sector in the UK and Europe. References Cleantech Professional Resource Global Limited (CPR Global)[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Cleantech Professional Resource Global Limited (CPR Global) is a company located in London, United Kingdom . References ↑ "Cleantech Professional Resource Global Limited (CPR Global)" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Cleantech_Professional_Resource_Global_Limited_CPR_Global&oldid=343687
Global Oil Geopolitics
Iran-Iraq War . Iranian revolution . Arab Oil Embargo . Asian financial crisis . capacity exhausted . Global financial collapse . 9-11 attacks . OPEC cuts targets 1.7 ...
Ecofys-Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions: Insights from Example
Ecofys-Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions: Insights from Example Ecofys-Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions: Insights from Example Development Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: National Appropriate Mitigation Actions: Insights from Example Development Agency/Company /Organization: Ecofys Sector: Energy, Land Topics: Low emission development planning, Policies/deployment programs Resource Type: Lessons learned/best practices Website: www.ecofys.com/com/publications/brochures_newsletters/documents/Report National Appropriate Mitigation Actions: Insights from Example Development Screenshot References: National Appropriate Mitigation Actions: Insights from Example Development[1] "Ecofys elaborated in several projects, concrete examples of NAMAs to understand the issues arising from this concept. This report summarizes the
Global Renewable Energy Database | Open Energy Information
Global Renewable Energy Database Global Renewable Energy Database Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Global Renewable Energy Database Agency/Company /Organization: German Aerospace Center (DLR) Sector: Energy Focus Area: Renewable Energy, Solar, Wind Topics: Resource assessment Resource Type: Dataset, Maps Website: www.dlr.de/en/ References: DLR website [1] From 2009-2010 the German Aerospace Center (DLR) will inventory renewable energy resources for energy modeling in impact assessment models which will feed into a database of renewable energy resources in 0.45° spatial and 1h temporal resolution. References ↑ "DLR website" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Global_Renewable_Energy_Database&oldid=328731" Category: Tools What links here
Controls of Global-Mean Precipitation Increases in Global Warming GCM Experiments
This paper examines the controls on global precipitation that are evident in the transient experiments conducted using coupled climate models collected for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). The ...
Graeme L. Stephens; Todd D. Ellis
Tropical Climate Regimes and Global Climate Sensitivity in a Simple Setting
Multiple tropical climate regimes are found in an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) coupled to a global slab ocean when the model is forced by different values of globally uniform insolation. Even in this simple setting, convection ...
Joseph Barsugli; Sang-Ik Shin; Prashant D. Sardeshmukh
Global Multimodel Analysis of Drought in Runoff for the Second Half of the Twentieth Century
During the past decades large-scale models have been developed to simulate global and continental terrestrial water cycles. It is an open question whether these models are suitable to capture hydrological drought, in terms of runoff, on a global ...
Global Vegetation and Climate Change due to Future Increases in CO2 as Projected by a Fully Coupled Model with Dynamic Vegetation
Transient simulations are presented of future climate and vegetation associated with continued rising levels of CO2. The model is a fully coupled atmosphere�ocean�land�ice model with dynamic vegetation. The impacts of the radiative and ...
Michael Notaro; Steve Vavrus; Zhengyu Liu
An Urban Parameterization for a Global Climate Model. Part II: Sensitivity to Input Parameters and the Simulated Urban Heat Island in Offline Simulations
In a companion paper, the authors presented a formulation and evaluation of an urban parameterization designed to represent the urban energy balance in the Community Land Model. Here the robustness of the model is tested through sensitivity ...
K. W. Oleson; G. B. Bonan; J. Feddema; M. Vertenstein
IGBP-DIS Global Primary Production Data Initiative
IGBP-DIS Global Primary Production Data Initiative IGBP-DIS Global Primary Production Data Initiative The GPPDI Workshop was held in Cincinnati, U.S.A., December 1996 (Olson et al., 1997). Summary (September 1996) by Dick Olson and Steve Prince from Global Change Newsletter No. 27; International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme: A Study of Global Change (IGBP) of the International Council of Scientific Unions Global modelling and monitoring of net primary production (NPP) is being given high priority in IGBP owing to increasing concern over issues such as the consequences of perturbations in the carbon cycle, the impacts of global land-use change, global climate change, and global food security. Significant advances have been made in process modelling and in the use of remote sensing to monitor global vegetation. The advances in modelling and remote sensing of NPP have highlighted the lack of readily available, reliable information from field studies with which to parameterise and validate the models. The Global Primary Production Data Initiative (GPPDI) is intended to remedy this problem by identifying existing field data sets of primary production and associated environmental data. The programme is using data sets for representative sites, and extrapolating or regionalising the better data sets to grid cells sizes of up to 0.5º x 0.5º. Emphasis is on variables needed to parameterise and validate primary production models, including above and below ground NPP, standing crop, LAI, climate data, site data and landscape variability.
Global warming continues in 1989
Nineteen eight-nine ranks as one of the warmest years on record despite the chill of unusually cool water in the tropical Pacific. The continued robustness of the warming trend that began in the mid-1970s lends support to claims that an intensifying greenhouse effect is behind it all, although that case has not yet been made definitively. Even at the current rate of global warming it will take another 10 years or so to be confident that the greenhouse effect is with us. Although the global warming trend is consistent with an increasing contribution by the greenhouse effect, direct signs that the greenhouse effect is intensifying are still hard to come by in the temperature record. Greenhouse models agree that if that is happening, the temperature increase should be most pronounced around the Arctic. Alaska, northwestern Canada, and northern Siberia warmed sharply in the 1980s, but the region from eastern Canada through Greenland and into Scandinavia cooled markedly.
Kerr, R.A.
Pax Global: Noncompliance Determination (2013-SE-1413) | Department of
Pax Global: Noncompliance Determination (2013-SE-1413) Pax Global: Noncompliance Determination (2013-SE-1413) Pax Global: Noncompliance Determination (2013-SE-1413) April 2, 2013 DOE issued a Notice of Noncompliance Determination to Pax Global, Inc. finding that freezer basic models (1) Crosley CCF51; (2) Crosley CCF69; (3) Crosley CCF106; and (4) Daewoo DCF-106W do not comport with the energy conservation standards. DOE determined the products were noncompliant based on DOE testing. Pax Global must immediately notify each person (or company) to whom Pax Global distributed the noncompliant products that the products do not meet Federal standards. Pax Global: Noncompliance Determination (2013-SE-1413) More Documents & Publications Pax Global: Compromise Agreement (2013-SE-1413) Daewoo: Proposed Penalty (2010-CE-0410)