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Tropical Forest Foundation | Open Energy Information
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Tropical Forest Foundation Tropical Forest Foundation Jump to: navigation, search Logo: Tropical Forest Foundation Name Tropical Forest Foundation Address 2121 Eisenhower Ave. Suite 200 Place Alexandria, Virginia Zip 22314 Region Northeast - NY NJ CT PA Area Phone number 703.518.8834 Website http://tropicalforestfoundatio Coordinates 38.8013734°, -77.0668734° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":38.8013734,"lon":-77.0668734,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
NPP Tropical Forest: Magdalena Valley, Colombia
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Magdalena Valley, Colombia, 1970-1971 Magdalena Valley, Colombia, 1970-1971 Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Folster, H. 1999. NPP Tropical Forest: Magdalena Valley, Colombia, 1970-1971. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Biomass, litterfall, and nutrient content of above-ground vegetation and soil were determined for a tropical seasonal evergreen forest at Magdalena Valley, Colombia, during an 18-month period in 1970 and 1971. The study was sponsored by the German Research Foundation. Of primary interest were biomass and nutrient dynamics of a forest stand that had developed atop a perched water table on a typical valley terrace. Perched water tables give rise to pseudogley soils with low pH, prolonged
NPP Tropical Forest: Pasoh, Malaysia
Pasoh, Malaysia, 1971-1973 Pasoh, Malaysia, 1971-1973 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: Profile of the Pasoh Forest (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site) Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Kira, T., N. Manokaran, and S. Appanah. 1998. NPP Tropical Forest: Pasoh, Malaysia, 1971-1973. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Biomass and productivity of a lowland tropical forest in the Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia, were determined from 1971 to 1973, under the auspices of the International Biological Programme. From 1970 to 1978, intensive research on lowland rain forest ecology and dynamics took place under a joint research project between the University of Malaya (UM) and the
NPP Tropical Forest: Atherton, Australia
Atherton, Australia, 1974-1985 Atherton, Australia, 1974-1985 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: View across the forest canopy near Atherton (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site) Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Stocker, G. C. 2001. NPP Tropical Forest: Atherton, Australia, 1974-1985. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Litterfall was determined over 3-4 years (1974/5-1978) for two tropical rainforest sites and for 5 years (1980-1985) for a third study site near Atherton, Queensland, in northeast Australia. Although net primary production (NPP) was not determined, the extensive site description data and the rarity of measurements on tropical forests south of the Equator
NPP Tropical Forest: Darien, Panama
Darien, Panama, 1967-1968 Darien, Panama, 1967-1968 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: Tropical moist forest near Darien (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site). Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Golley, F. B. 1998. NPP Tropical Forest: Darien, Panama, 1967-1968. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Biomass and nutrient content of different vegetation components and soil for a transitional moist/dry tropical forest were determined in 1967-68 at Darien Province, Panama. NPP was not estimated. Situated about 160 km ESE of Panama City, close to the town of Santa Fe, the Darien study site consisted of two plots, about 8 km apart, one of
NPP Tropical Forest: Kade, Ghana
Kade, Ghana, 1957-1972 Kade, Ghana, 1957-1972 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: Forest after clearing of secondary growth at the Kade site (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site). Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Nye, P. H., and D. J. Greenland. 1998. NPP Tropical Forest: Kade, Ghana, 1957-1972. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Biomass and nutrient content of different vegetation components and soil for a secondary tropical forest were determined in the late 1950s at the Kade Agricultural Research Station of the former University College, Ghana. Net primary production (NPP) was estimated on the basis of standing biomass accumulation and litter fall. Later studies on litter and wood fall and
NPP Tropical Forest: Chamela, Mexico
Chamela, Mexico, 1982-1995 Chamela, Mexico, 1982-1995 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: Litter trap and throughfall collector in the Chamela forest (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site) Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Maass, M., and A. Martinez-Yrizar. 2001. NPP Tropical Forest: Chamela, Mexico, 1982-1995. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Net primary productivity (NPP) of a tropical dry deciduous forest was estimated, based on the integration of ecosystem data obtained in various years between 1982 and 1995, at the Chamela Biological Station of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). The Biosphere Reserve Chamela-Cuixmala, Jalisco, is situated near the
Tropical Africa: Total Forest Biomass (By Country)
Tropical Africa: Total Forest Biomass (By Country) Tropical Africa: Total Forest Biomass (By Country) image Brown, S., and G. Gaston. 1996. Tropical Africa: Land Use, Biomass, and Carbon Estimates For 1980. ORNL/CDIAC-92, NDP-055. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. More Maps Calculated Actual Aboveground Live Biomass in Forests (1980) Maximum Potential Biomass Density Land Use (1980) Area of Closed Forests (By Country) Mean Biomass of Closed Forests (By County) Area of Open Forests (By Country) Mean Biomass of Open Forests (By County) Percent Forest Cover (By Country) Population Density - 1990 (By Administrative Unit) Population Density - 1980 (By Administrative Unit) Population Density - 1970 (By Administrative Unit)
NPP Tropical Forest: Barro Colorado, Panama
Barro Colorado, Panama, 1969-1990 PHOTOGRAPH Photograph: Buttressed tree at the Barro Colorado tropical forest site (click on the photo to view a series of images from this...
NPP Tropical Forest: La Selva, Costa Rica
view a series of images from this site). Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Clark, D. A. 1998. NPP Tropical Forest: La Selva, Costa Rica, 1969-1985. Data set. Available...
Tropical Forest Trust | Open Energy Information
Tropical Forest Trust Tropical Forest Trust Name Tropical Forest Trust Address The Forest Trust 721 NW Ninth Avenue, Suite 195 Place Portland, Oregon Zip 97209 Region Pacific Northwest Area Year founded 1999 Website http://www.tft-forests.org/ Coordinates 45.5284073°, -122.6803494° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":45.5284073,"lon":-122.6803494,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
NPP Tropical Forest: Luquillo, Puerto Rico
Luquillo, Puerto Rico, 1963-1994 Luquillo, Puerto Rico, 1963-1994 Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Lugo, A. E., F. Scatena, and C. F. Jordan. 1999. NPP Tropical Forest: Luquillo, Puerto Rico, 1963-1994. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Productivity of lower montane tropical forest has been determined at various study sites within the Luquillo Experimental Forest from 1963 to the present. The Luquillo Experimental Forest is situated in the Luquillo Mountains of eastern Puerto Rico (18.32 N 65.82 W), about 35 km east-southeast of San Juan, and operates under the auspices of the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Rio Pedras, Puerto Rico. Its total area is about 11,000
NPP Tropical Forest: Manaus, Brazil [Amazonas]
Manaus, Brazil, 1963-1990 Manaus, Brazil, 1963-1990 Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Piedade, M. T. F., and W. J. Junk. 2001. NPP Tropical Forest: Manaus, Brazil, 1963-1990. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Biomass and components of productivity for several types of tropical forest were determined for a number of study sites around Manaus, Brazil, from 1963 to the present. The study sites include several (0.2 ha) stands of terra firme (dry land) forest at " 64" to the northeast of Manaus, towards Itacoatiara (approximately 3.0 S 59.7 W, near the " Egler" Reserve), riverine forest in the 10 km x 10 km " Reserve" (2.95 S 59.95 W, 26 km
NPP Tropical Forest: Marafunga, Papua New Guinea
Marafunga, Papua New Guinea, 1970-1971 Marafunga, Papua New Guinea, 1970-1971 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: Profile of tropical forest at Marafunga (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site) Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Edwards, P. J., and P. J. Grubb. 1999. NPP Tropical Forest: Marafunga, Papua New Guinea, 1970-1971. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Biomass and nutrient content of different vegetation components and soil for a lower montane secondary rain forest were determined in 1970-71 at Marafunga in the highlands of Papua New Guinea. The only component of net primary production (NPP) determined at Marafunga was litterfall, although
NPP Tropical Forest: Khao Chong, Thailand
Khao Chong, Thailand, 1962-1965 Khao Chong, Thailand, 1962-1965 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: Eye-level view of forest interior at Khao Chong (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site) Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Kira, T. 1998. NPP Tropical Forest: Khao Chong, Thailand, 1962-1965. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Productivity of a tropical rain forest was determined at the Khao Chong study site, under the auspices of the Joint Thai-Japanese Biological Expedition to South-East Asia. Biomass increment within a 40 m x 40 m study area for all trees greater than 4.5 cm dbh (diameter at breast height, 130 cm) was monitored between
Tropical Africa: Mean Biomass of Closed Forests By Country
Forests By Country image Brown, S., and G. Gaston. 1996. Tropical Africa: Land Use, Biomass, and Carbon Estimates For 1980. ORNLCDIAC-92, NDP-055. Carbon Dioxide Information...
Tropical Africa: Mean Biomass of Open Forests By Country
Benefits of Tropical Forest Management Under the New Climate Change
Benefits of Tropical Forest Management Under the New Climate Change Benefits of Tropical Forest Management Under the New Climate Change Agreement-A Case Study in Cambodia Jump to: navigation, search Name Benefits of Tropical Forest Management Under the New Climate Change Agreement-A Case Study in Cambodia Agency/Company /Organization United States Agency for International Development, Global Environment Facility, United Nations Development Programme Sector Land Focus Area Forestry Topics Policies/deployment programs, Background analysis Resource Type Lessons learned/best practices Website http://www.forestcarbonportal. Country Cambodia UN Region South-Eastern Asia References REDD Cambodia Case Study[1] Benefits of Tropical Forest Management Under the New Climate Change Agreement-A Case Study in Cambodia Screenshot
Quantifying Environmental Drivers of Future Tropical Forest Extent
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Future changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, and their associated influences on climate, will affect the future sustainability of tropical forests. While dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) represent the processes by which ...
Peter Good; Chris Jones; Jason Lowe; Richard Betts; Ben Booth; Chris Huntingford
The Energy Balance of a Tropical Evergreen Forest
This study presents the radiation climate of a dry tropical forest. It is based on measurements of incoming and outgoing shortwave and longwave radiation at the top and floor of the forest canopy during five months spanning the monsoon cycle in ...
R. T. Pinker; O. E. Thompson; T. F. Eck
The Role of Disturbance in Dry Tropical Forest Landscapes
Disturbance can be defined as 'any relatively discrete event in time that disrupts ecosystem, community, or population structure and changes resources, substrate availability, or the physical environment'. This definition requires that the spatial and temporal scales of the system and disturbance be determined. Disturbances are typically characterized by their size, spatial distribution, frequency or return time, predictability, and magnitude (which includes both intensity and severity). These disturbance attributes set the parameters for the suite of species, both plant and animal, that can persist within a given system. As such, an understanding of seasonally dry tropical forests in Asia requires an understanding of disturbance within the region. However, disturbances are relatively poorly understood in dry tropical forests, partly because of the weak seasonality in temperature and high tree species diversity of these forests relative to most forest systems of the world. There are about 1,048,700 km{sup 2} of dry tropical forests worldwide and that only 3% of this land is in conservation status. In other words, 97% of the world's seasonally dry tropical forest is at risk of human disturbance. About half of this forest occurs in South America, where most of the conservation lands are located. Satellite imagery based on MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data shows that only about 3.8% of the world's dry tropical forests are in Australia and South east Asia. The susceptibility of these forests to human disturbances is of great concern and is largely unstudied. Because natural disturbance regimes shape the ecosystem structure and are in many ways integral to these forest systems, it is critical to know how natural disturbance affects dry forest in order to understand the effects of human activities on these forests. Even basic information about disturbances in dry tropical forests is only recently available. Therefore this chapter brings together much of the available information from dry tropical forest throughout the world with the goal of developing an understanding of the role of disturbance in Asian dry forests. Most ecologists now recognize that disturbances, rather than being catastrophic agents of destruction, are a normal, perhaps even an integral, part of long-term system dynamics. The composition, structure, organization, and development and trophic dynamics of most forest systems are the products of disturbances. As an example, the forest composition for two disturbances in the Anaikatty Hills of Western Ghats were compared, where the low disturbance was from past logging followed by cutting and illicit felling and grazing and the high disturbance was due to human presence, past logging, and fuelwood collection. They found higher species richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index for the low-disturbance forest (98 and 3.9, respectively) compared to the high-disturbance stand (45 and 2.71, respectively) as well as significant differences in mean basal area of trees, density of seedlings, number of species, density and diversity of shrubs, and number of species and diversity of herbs. Some ecological systems contain species that have evolved in response to disturbances. Adaptations typical of dry tropical forest plants are drought tolerance, seed dispersal mechanisms, and the ability to sprout subsequent to disturbance. In contrast, evidence was found that human disturbance in Kakamega Forest of western Kenya has significantly reduced allelic richness and heterozygosity, increased inbreeding, and slightly reduced gene flow in Prunus africana in the past century.
Dale, Virginia H [ORNL
NPP Tropical Forest: San Carlos De Rio Negro, Venezuela
San Carlos De Rio Negro, Venezuela, 1975-1984 San Carlos De Rio Negro, Venezuela, 1975-1984 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: Cutting an experimental plot at San Carlos (click on the photo to view a series of images and a diagram of this site) Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Jordan, C. F., E. Cuevas, and E. Medina. 1999. NPP Tropical Forest: San Carlos de Rio Negro, Venezuela, 1975-1984. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Productivity of tropical forest was determined for a number of vegetation-soil associations at the San Carlos de Rio Negro study site, under the auspices of an international UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) project. The San Carlos study site (1.93 N 67.05 W) is situated 4 km east of the
Monitoring Selective Logging in Tropical Evergreen Forests Using Landsat: Multitemporal Regional Analyses in Mato Grosso, Brazil
Selective logging degrades tropical forests. Logging operations vary in timing, location, and intensity. Evidence of this land use is rapidly obscured by forest regeneration and ongoing deforestation. A detailed study of selective logging ...
Eraldo A. T. Matricardi; David L. Skole; Mark A. Cochrane; Jiaguo Qi; Walter Chomentowski
Assessment of Tropical Forest Degradation with Canopy Fractional Cover from Landsat ETM+ and IKONOS Imagery
Tropical forests are being subjected to a wide array of disturbances in addition to outright deforestation. Selective logging is one of the most common disturbances ongoing in the Amazon, which results in significant changes in forest structure ...
Cuizhen Wang; Jiaguo Qi; Mark Cochrane
Journal of Tropical Ecology (2002) 18:687705. Copyright 2002 Cambridge University Press The invasibility of tropical forests by exotic
E-Print Network (OSTI)
forest location: the Hawaiian Islands. But the combination of Hawaii's extreme isolation and heavy human The invasibility of tropical forests by exotic plants PAUL V. A. FINE1 Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257S. 1400 East Rm. 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA (Accepted 20th September 2001) ABSTRACT
Fine, Paul V.A.
Benefits of Tropical Forest Management Under the New Climate...
plantation, forest-to-acacia plantation, forest-to-rubber plantation, and forest-to-oil palm plantation. We determined annual equivalent values for each option, and the...
Biogeography of Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. Part II: Mapping of Orographic Cloud Immersion
This study details two unique methods to quantify cloud-immersion statistics for tropical montane cloud forests (TMCFs). The first technique uses a new algorithm for determining cloud-base height using Moderate Resolution Imaging ...
Udaysankar S. Nair; Salvi Asefi; Ronald M. Welch; D. K. Ray; Robert O. Lawton; Vani Starry Manoharan; Mark Mulligan; Tom L. Sever; Daniel Irwin; J. Alan Pounds
Biogeography of Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. Part I: Remote Sensing of Cloud-Base Heights
Cloud-base heights over tropical montane cloud forests are determined using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud products and National Centers for Environmental Prediction global tropospheric final analysis (FNL) fields. ...
Ronald M. Welch; Salvi Asefi; Jian Zeng; Udaysankar S. Nair; Qingyuan Han; Robert O. Lawton; Deepak K. Ray; Vani Starry Manoharan
Belowground nitrogen dynamics in relation to hurricane damage along a tropical dry forest chronosequence
1991). For instance, in Puerto Rico the nitrogen content ofof the tropical forests of Puerto Rico. Ecol Appl 9:555–572Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. Biotro- pica 23:324–335
Hasselquist, Niles J.; Santiago, Louis S.; Allen, Michael F.
Land cover change and remote sensing: Examples of quantifying spatiotemporal dynamics in tropical forests
SciTech Connect
Research on human impacts or natural processes that operate over broad geographic areas must explicitly address issues of scale and spatial heterogeneity. While the tropical forests of Southeast Asia and Mexico have been occupied and used to meet human needs for thousands of years, traditional forest management systems are currently being transformed by rapid and far-reaching demographic, political, economic, and environmental changes. The dynamics of population growth, migration into the remaining frontiers, and responses to national and international market forces result in a demand for land to produce food and fiber. These results illustrate some of the mechanisms that drive current land use changes, especially in the tropical forest frontiers. By linking the outcome of individual land use decisions and measures of landscape fragmentation and change, the aggregated results shows the hierarchy of temporal and spatial events that in summation result in global changes to the most complex and sensitive biome -- tropical forests. By quantifying the spatial and temporal patterns of tropical forest change, researchers can assist policy makers by showing how landscape systems in these tropical forests are controlled by physical, biological, social, and economic parameters.
Krummel, J.R.; Su, Haiping [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States); Fox, J. [East-West Center, Honolulu, HI (United States); Yarnasan, S.; Ekasingh, M. [Chiang Mai Univ. (Thailand)
Effects of nitrogen additions on above- and belowground carbon dynamics in two tropical forests
Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is increasing rapidly in tropical regions, adding N to ecosystems that often have high background N availability. Tropical forests play an important role in the global carbon (C) cycle, yet the effects of N deposition on C cycling in these ecosystems are poorly understood. We used a field N-fertilization experiment in lower and upper elevation tropical rain forests in Puerto Rico to explore the responses of above- and belowground C pools to N addition. As expected, tree stem growth and litterfall productivity did not respond to N fertilization in either of these Nrich forests, indicating a lack of N limitation to net primary productivity (NPP). In contrast, soil C concentrations increased significantly with N fertilization in both forests, leading to larger C stocks in fertilized plots. However, different soil C pools responded to N fertilization differently. Labile (low density) soil C fractions and live fine roots declined with fertilization, while mineral-associated soil C increased in both forests. Decreased soil CO2 fluxes in fertilized plots were correlated with smaller labile soil C pools in the lower elevation forest (R2 = 0.65, p\\0.05), and with lower live fine root biomass in the upper elevation forest (R2 = 0.90, p\\0.05). Our results indicate that soil C storage is sensitive to N deposition in tropical forests, even where plant productivity is not N-limited. The mineral-associated soil C pool has the potential to respond relatively quickly to N additions, and can drive increases in bulk soil C stocks in tropical forests.
Cusack, D.; Silver, W.L.; Torn, M.S.; McDowell, W.H.
Tropical forest responses to increasing [CO2]: current knowledge and opportunities for future research
Elevated atmospheric [CO2] (ca) will undoubtedly affect the metabolism of tropical forests worldwide; however, critical aspects of how tropical forests will respond remain largely unknown. Here we review the current state of knowledge about physiological and ecological responses, with the aim of providing a framework that can help to guide future experimental research. Modelling studies have indicated that elevated ca can potentially stimulate photosynthesis more in the tropics than at higher latitudes, because suppression of photorespiration by elevated ca increases with temperature. However, canopy leaves in tropical forests could also potentially reach a high temperature threshold under elevated ca that will moderate the rise in photosynthesis. Belowground responses, including fine root production, nutrient foraging, and soil organic matter processing, will be especially important to the integrated ecosystem response to elevated CO2. Water-use efficiency will increase as ca rises, potentially impacting upon soil moisture status and nutrient availability. Recruitment may be differentially altered for some functional groups, potentially decreasing ecosystem carbon storage. Whole-forest CO2 enrichment experiments are urgently needed to test predictions of tropical forest functioning under elevated ca. Smaller scale experiments in the understory and in gaps would also be informative, and could provide stepping stones toward stand-scale manipulations.
Cernusak, Lucas [Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; Winter, Klaus [Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Dalling, James [University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Holtum, Joseph [James Cook University; Jaramillo, Carlos [Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Korner, Christian [University of Basel; Leakey, Andrew D.B. [University of Illinois; Norby, Richard J [ORNL; Poulter, Benjamin [Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environement, France; Turner, Benjamin [Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Wright, S. Joseph [Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Comparing Tropical Forest Projections from Two Generations of Hadley Centre Earth System Models, HadGEM2-ES and HadCM3LC
Future changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and associated influences on climate could affect the future sustainability of tropical forests. The authors report on tropical forest projections from the new Hadley Centre Global ...
Peter Good; Chris Jones; Jason Lowe; Richard Betts; Nicola Gedney
Tropical forest soil microbial communities couple iron and carbon biogeochemistry
Luquillo mountains, Puerto Rico: I. Long-term versus short-Forest, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. US Department ofLuquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. U.S.D.A. Forest Service
Dubinsky, E.A.
Modest carbon price could save Borneo forests: study Reuters, 4 June 2009 -Tropical forests in Borneo under threat of conversion to palm oil
Modest carbon price could save Borneo forests: study Reuters, 4 June 2009 - Tropical forests if carbon credits were priced between $10 and $33 per tonne, a study has found. Forests soak up vast amounts of planet-warming carbon dioxide each year and are crucial in the fight to curb climate change. Many
dioxide fluxes from a very tall tower in a northern forest:67 m tall, 46 cm triangular cross section tower (model 55G;
Stream Discharge in Tropical Headwater Catchments as a Result of Forest Clearing and Soil Degradation
Tropical Africa is affected by intense land-use change, particularly forest conversion to agricultural land. In this study, the stream discharge of four small headwater catchments located within an area of 6 km2 in western Kenya was examined for 2 ...
John W. Recha; Johannes Lehmann; M. Todd Walter; Alice Pell; Louis Verchot; Mark Johnson
A Climate Transect through Tropical Montane Rain Forest in Hawaii
Two years of climate data from a transect of three surface meteorological stations on the windward slopes of Mauna Loa, Hawaii, are analyzed. The stations constitute a transect between 700 and 1640 m through the wet, montane rain forest zone ...
James O. Juvik; Dennis Nullet
Temporal variation in stable isotopic composition of rainfall and groundwater in a tropical dry forest in the northeastern Caribbean
Karst topography links rainfall to groundwater recharge, therefore possible changes in the hydrology can play an important role in ecosystem function especially in tropical dry forests where water is the most limiting resource. This study ...
Y. Govender; E. Cuevas; L. D. S. Sternberg; M. R. Jury
Patterns of water and heat flux across a biome gradient from tropical forest to savanna in Brazil
Porto Velho, RO 78900-000, Brazil. P. Artaxo, L. S. Borma,tropical forest to savanna in Brazil Humberto R. da Rocha, 1RIMA Editora, Sa˜o Carlos, Brazil. Oliveira, R. , et al. (
Tropical Forest Fragments Enhance Pollinator Activity in Nearby Coffee Crops
accounted for >90% of all floral visits in distant sites. The gradient from the riparian strip showed visitation rates by over 50% in distant sites (where Apis was almost the only pollinator). In near sites dependence on a single introduced pollinator. Exploring the economic links between forest preservation
Vermont, University of
TROPICAL FOREST: MAUI, HAWAII, U.S.A., 1996-1997 TROPICAL FOREST: MAUI, HAWAII, U.S.A., 1996-1997 Get Data Summary: The objective of this study was to quantify net primary productivity as a function of rainfall in mesic to wet montane rainforests in Maui, Hawaii. The Maui Moisture Gradient is a sequence of six sites located on the island of Maui that range from 2200-mm to 5050-mm mean annual rainfall, while temperature and all other state factors (parent material, substrate age, organisms, and topography) that control NPP remain relatively constant. This data set contains annual estimates of net primary productivity made in 1996 and 1997. The data provided are estimates of the accumulation of biomass by plants for a given year, or net primary productivity (NPP). Estimates are given for aboveground and belowground productivity, and the sum as net primary
Biocomplexity of deforestation in the Caparo tropical forest reserve in Venezuela: An integrated multi-agent and cellular automata model
A multi-agent model of social and environmental complexity of deforestation was developed for the Caparo Forest Reserve, Venezuela. It includes three types of agents: settlers, government, and lumber concessionaires. Settlers represent people of limited ... Keywords: Biocomplexity, Deforestation, Multi-agents, Simulation, Tropical forests, Venezuela
Niandry Moreno; Raquel Quintero; Magdiel Ablan; Rodrigo Barros; Jacinto Dávila; Hirma Ramírez; Giorgio Tonella; Miguel F. Acevedo
Using biodiversity methods to assess the impacts of oil and gas development in tropical rain forests
Oil and gas development in tropical rain forests has attracted international attention because of the potentially adverse effects on the forest ecosystems. Biodiversity is a topic of particular concern, but is difficult to assess for small areas of disturbance. In July 1992 we used light traps to compare insect diversity at canopy and ground level as a means of detecting the impacts of an exploratory well site and related facilities within mature Amazonian rain forest in the Oriente Province of Ecuador. Replicate samples were collected at the well site, in a nearby area of agricultural development, and in a reference site within mature forest. Species richness was determined, and diversity indices were calculated for each set of samples. Results indicated that changes in diversity could be detected in the canopy and at ground level at the well site, but that the reduction in diversity was small. Biological diversity was substantially reduced in the area of agricultural development. Limitations and possible applications of this approach are discussed.
Reagan, D.P.; Silva del Poso, X. [Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Denver, CO (United States)]|[Sociedad Entomologica Ecuatoriana, Quito (Ecuador)
Mapping Tropical Forest Trees Using High-Resolution Aerial Digital Photographs Carol X. Garzon-Lopez1,5
-scale tree distri- butions. At Barro Colorado Island, Panama, we used high-resolution aerial digital is available in the online version of this article. Key words: Barro Colorado Island; high-resolution aerialMapping Tropical Forest Trees Using High-Resolution Aerial Digital Photographs Carol X. Garzon
Bermingham, Eldredge
Impact of post-mining subsidence on nitrogen transformation in southern tropical dry deciduous forest, India
The goal of our research was to assess the impact of post-mining land subsidence, caused due to underground coal mining operations, on fine root biomass and root tips count; plant available nutrient status, microbial biomass N (MBN) and N-mineralization rates of a Southern tropical dry deciduous forest of Singareni Coalfields of India. The changes were quantified in all the three (rainy, winter and summer) seasons, in slope and depression microsites of the subsided land and an adjacent undamaged forest microsite. Physico-chemical characteristics were found to be altered after subsidence, showing a positive impact of subsidence on soil moisture, bulk density, water holding capacity, organic carbon content, total N and total P. The increase in all the parameters was found in depression microsites, while in slope microsites, the values were lower. Fine root biomass and root tips count increased in the subsided depression microsites, as demonstrated by increases of 62% and 45%, respectively. Soil nitrate-N and phosphate-P concentrations were also found to be higher in depression microsite, showing an increase of 35.68% and 24.74%, respectively. Depression microsite has also shown the higher MBN value with an increase over control. Net nitrification, net N-mineralization and MBN were increased in depression microsite by 29.77%, 25.72% and 34%, respectively. There was a positive relation of microbial N with organic C, fine root biomass and root tips.
Tripathi, N.; Singh, R.S.; Singh, J.S. [Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research, Dhanbad (India)
Plant and microbial controls on nitrogen retention and loss in a Humid Tropical Forest
Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Hydrological Processes 18:and productivity in Puerto-Rico's luquillo mountains.experimental forest Puerto Rico. US Forest Serv Gen Tech Rep
Templer, P.
Calibrating the Simple Biosphere Model for Amazonian Tropical Forest Using Field and Remote Sensing Data. Part I: Average Calibration with Field Data
This paper describes the operation and calibration of the simple biosphere model (SiB) of Sellers et al. using micrometeorological and hydrological measurements taken in and above tropical forest in the central Amazon basin. The paper provides:
Piers J. Sellers; W. James Shuttleworth; Jeff L. Dorman; Amnon Dalcher; John M. Roberts
Forest Restoration Carbon Analysis of Baseline Carbon Emissions and Removal in Tropical Rainforest at La Selva Central, Peru
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Conversion of tropical forest to agricultural land and pasture has reduced forest extent and the provision of ecosystem services, including watershed protection, biodiversity conservation, and carbon sequestration. Forest conservation and reforestation can restore those ecosystem services. We have assessed forest species patterns, quantified deforestation and reforestation rates, and projected future baseline carbon emissions and removal in Amazon tropical rainforest at La Selva Central, Peru. The research area is a 4800 km{sup 2} buffer zone around the Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillen, Bosque de Proteccion San Matias-San Carlos, and the Reserva Comunal Yanesha. A planned project for the period 2006-2035 would conserve 4000 ha of forest in a proposed 7000 ha Area de Conservacion Municipale de Chontabamba and establish 5600 ha of natural regeneration and 1400 ha of native species plantations, laid out in fajas de enriquecimiento (contour plantings), to reforest 7000 ha of agricultural land. Forest inventories of seven sites covering 22.6 ha in primary forest and 17 sites covering 16.5 ha in secondary forest measured 17,073 trees of diameter {ge} 10 cm. The 24 sites host trees of 512 species, 267 genera, and 69 families. We could not identify the family of 7% of the trees or the scientific species of 21% of the trees. Species richness is 346 in primary forest and 257 in the secondary forest. In primary forest, 90% of aboveground biomass resides in old-growth species. Conversely, in secondary forest, 66% of aboveground biomass rests in successional species. The density of trees of diameter {ge} 10 cm is 366 trees ha{sup -1} in primary forest and 533 trees ha{sup -1} in secondary forest, although the average diameter is 24 {+-} 15 cm in primary forest and 17 {+-} 8 cm in secondary forest. Using Amazon forest biomass equations and wood densities for 117 species, aboveground biomass is 240 {+-} 30 t ha{sup -1} in the primary sites and 90 {+-} 10 t ha{sup -1} in the secondary sites. Aboveground carbon density is 120 {+-} 15 t ha{sup -1} in primary forest and 40 {+-} 5 t ha{sup -1} in secondary forest. Forest stands in the secondary forest sites range in age from 10 to 42 y. Growth in biomass (t ha{sup -1}) as a function of time (y) follows the relation: biomass = 4.09-0.017 age{sup 2} (p < 0.001). Aboveground biomass and forest species richness are positively correlated (r{sup 2} = 0.59, p < 0.001). Analyses of Landsat data show that the land cover of the 3700 km{sup 2} of non-cloud areas in 1999 was: closed forest 78%; open forest 12%, low vegetation cover 4%, sparse vegetation cover 6%. Deforestation from 1987 to 1999 claimed a net 200 km{sup 2} of forest, proceeding at a rate of 0.005 y{sup -1}. Of those areas of closed forest in 1987, only 89% remained closed forest in 1999. Consequently, closed forests experienced disruption in the time period at double the rate of net deforestation. The three protected areas experienced negligible deforestation or slight reforestation. Based on 1987 forest cover, 26,000 ha are eligible for forest carbon trading under the Clean Development Mechanism, established by the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Principal components analysis showed that distance to nonforest was the factor that best explained observed patterns of deforestation while distance to forest best explained observed patterns of reforestation, more significant than elevation, distance to rivers, distance to roads, slope, and distance to towns of population > 400. Aboveground carbon in live vegetation in the project area decreased from 35 million {+-} 4 million t in 1987 to 34 million {+-} 4 million t in 1999. Projected aboveground carbon in live vegetation would fall to 33 million {+-} 4 million t in 2006, 32 million {+-} 4 million t in 2011, and 29 million {+-} 3 million t in 2035. Projected net deforestation in the research area would total 13,000 {+-} 3000 ha in the period 1999-2011, proceeding at a rate of 0.003 {+-} 0.0007 y{sup -1}, and would total 33,000 {+-} 7000
Patrick Gonzalez; Benjamin Kroll; Carlos R. Vargas
Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Two Tropical Forests: Ecosystem-Level Patterns and Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization
and high elevation forests of Puerto Rico. Appl Soil Ecolthe Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico. Biotropica 23:386–92.hillslope Tabonuco forest, Puerto Rico. Biogeochemistry 46:
Cusack, Daniela F.; Silver, Whendee; McDowell, William H.
Geographical Distribution of Biomass Carbon in Tropical Southeast Asian Forests: A Database
A database was generated of estimates of geographically referenced carbon densities of forest vegetation in tropical Southeast Asia for 1980. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to incorporate spatial databases of climatic, edaphic, and geomorphological indices and vegetation to estimate potential (i.e., in the absence of human intervention and natural disturbance) carbon densities of forests. The resulting map was then modified to estimate actual 1980 carbon density as a function of population density and climatic zone. The database covers the following 13 countries: Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia (Campuchea), India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. The data sets within this database are provided in three file formats: ARC/INFOTM exported integer grids, ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) files formatted for raster-based GIS software packages, and generic ASCII files with x, y coordinates for use with non-GIS software packages. This database includes ten ARC/INFO exported integer grid files (five with the pixel size 3.75 km x 3.75 km and five with the pixel size 0.25 degree longitude x 0.25 degree latitude) and 27 ASCII files. The first ASCII file contains the documentation associated with this database. Twenty-four of the ASCII files were generated by means of the ARC/INFO GRIDASCII command and can be used by most raster-based GIS software packages. The 24 files can be subdivided into two groups of 12 files each. These files contain real data values representing actual carbon and potential carbon density in Mg C/ha (1 megagram = 10{sup 6} grams) and integer-coded values for country name, Weck's Climatic Index, ecofloristic zone, elevation, forest or non-forest designation, population density, mean annual precipitation, slope, soil texture, and vegetation classification. One set of 12 files contains these data at a spatial resolution of 3.75 km, whereas the other set of 12 files has a spatial resolution of 0.25 degree. The remaining two ASCII data files combine all of the data from the 24 ASCII data files into 2 single generic data files. The first file has a spatial resolution of 3.75 km, and the second has a resolution of 0.25 degree. Both files also provide a grid-cell identification number and the longitude and latitude of the center-point of each grid cell. The 3.75-km data in this numeric data package yield an actual total carbon estimate of 42.1 Pg (1 petagram = 10{sup 15} grams) and a potential carbon estimate of 73.6 Pg; whereas the 0.25-degree data produced an actual total carbon estimate of 41.8 Pg and a total potential carbon estimate of 73.9 Pg. Fortran and SAS{trademark} access codes are provided to read the ASCII data files, and ARC/INFO and ARCVIEW command syntax are provided to import the ARC/INFO exported integer grid files. The data files and this documentation are available without charge on a variety of media and via the Internet from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC).
Brown, S
A database was generated of estimates of geographically referenced carbon densities of forest vegetation in tropical Southeast Asia for 1980. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to incorporate spatial databases of climatic, edaphic, and geomorphological indices and vegetation to estimate potential (i.e., in the absence of human intervention and natural disturbance) carbon densities of forests. The resulting map was then modified to estimate actual 1980 carbon density as a function of population density and climatic zone. The database covers the following 13 countries: Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia (Campuchea), India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. The data sets within this database are provided in three file formats: ARC/INFO{trademark} exported integer grids, ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) files formatted for raster-based GIS software packages, and generic ASCII files with x, y coordinates for use with non-GIS software packages. This database includes ten ARC/INFO exported integer grid files (five with the pixel size 3.75 km x 3.75 km and five with the pixel size 0.25 degree longitude x 0.25 degree latitude) and 27 ASCII files. The first ASCII file contains the documentation associated with this database. Twenty-four of the ASCII files were generated by means of the ARC/INFO GRIDASCII command and can be used by most raster-based GIS software packages. The 24 files can be subdivided into two groups of 12 files each. These files contain real data values representing actual carbon and potential carbon density in Mg C/ha (1 megagram = 10{sup 6} grams) and integer- coded values for country name, Weck's Climatic Index, ecofloristic zone, elevation, forest or non-forest designation, population density, mean annual precipitation, slope, soil texture, and vegetation classification. One set of 12 files contains these data at a spatial resolution of 3.75 km, whereas the other set of 12 files has a spatial resolution of 0.25 degree. The remaining two ASCII data files combine all of the data from the 24 ASCII data files into 2 single generic data files. The first file has a spatial resolution of 3.75 km, and the second has a resolution of 0.25 degree. Both files also provide a grid-cell identification number and the longitude and latitude of the centerpoint of each grid cell. The 3.75-km data in this numeric data package yield an actual total carbon estimate of 42.1 Pg (1 petagram = 10{sup 15} grams) and a potential carbon estimate of 73.6 Pg; whereas the 0.25-degree data produced an actual total carbon estimate of 41.8 Pg and a total potential carbon estimate of 73.9 Pg. Fortran and SASTM access codes are provided to read the ASCII data files, and ARC/INFO and ARCVIEW command syntax are provided to import the ARC/INFO exported integer grid files. The data files and this documentation are available without charge on a variety of media and via the Internet from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC).
Brown, S.
Characterization of Trapped Lignin-Degrading Microbes in Tropical Forest Soil
Lignin is often the most difficult portion of plant biomass to degrade, with fungi generally thought to dominate during late stage decomposition. Lignin in feedstock plant material represents a barrier to more efficient plant biomass conversion and can also hinder enzymatic access to cellulose, which is critical for biofuels production. Tropical rain forest soils in Puerto Rico are characterized by frequent anoxic conditions and fluctuating redox, suggesting the presence of lignin-degrading organisms and mechanisms that are different from known fungal decomposers and oxygen-dependent enzyme activities. We explored microbial lignin-degraders by burying bio-traps containing lignin-amended and unamended biosep beads in the soil for 1, 4, 13 and 30 weeks. At each time point, phenol oxidase and peroxidase enzyme activity was found to be elevated in the lignin-amended versus the unamended beads, while cellulolytic enzyme activities were significantly depressed in lignin-amended beads. Quantitative PCR of bacterial communities showed more bacterial colonization in the lignin-amended compared to the unamended beads after one and four weeks, suggesting that the lignin supported increased bacterial abundance. The microbial community was analyzed by small subunit 16S ribosomal RNA genes using microarray (PhyloChip) and by high-throughput amplicon pyrosequencing based on universal primers targeting bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic communities. Community trends were significantly affected by time and the presence of lignin on the beads. Lignin-amended beads have higher relative abundances of representatives from the phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria compared to unamended beads. This study suggests that in low and fluctuating redox soils, bacteria could play a role in anaerobic lignin decomposition.
DeAngelis, Kristen; Allgaier, Martin; Chavarria, Yaucin; Fortney, Julian; Hugenholtz, Phillip; Simmons, Blake; Sublette, Kerry; Silver, Whendee; Hazen, Terry
Comparison of Different Techniques for the Measurement of Precipitation in Tropical Montane Rain Forest Regions
Characteristics of different precipitation measurements in a tropical mountain valley in southern Ecuador are compared in this study to determine potential errors. The instruments are used for different ecological purposes like erosion studies, ...
R. Rollenbeck; J. Bendix; P. Fabian; J. Boy; W. Wilcke; H. Dalitz; M. Oesker; P. Emck
U.S Markets for Certified and Non-Certified Hardwood Tropical Forest Products
Forest Products Development Center School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Louisiana Forest Products Development Center School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State, Malaysia, and Thailand. U.S. Imports of STWP were generally from China, Canada, and the EU (mainly Italy
Current and Future Carbon Budgets of Tropical Rain Forest: A Cross Scale Analysis. Final Report
The goal of this project was to make a first assessment of the major carbon stocks and fluxes and their climatic determinants in a lowland neotropical rain forest, the La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Our research design was based on the concurrent use of several of the best available approaches, so that data could be cross-validated. A major focus of our effort was to combine meteorological studies of whole-forest carbon exchange (eddy flux), with parallel independent measurements of key components of the forest carbon budget. The eddy flux system operated from February 1998 to February 2001. To obtain field data that could be scaled up to the landscape level, we monitored carbon stocks, net primary productivity components including tree growth and mortality, litterfall, woody debris production, root biomass, and soil respiration in a series of replicated plots stratified across the major environmental gradients of the forest. A second major focus of this project was on the stocks and changes of carbon in the soil. We used isotope studies and intensive monitoring to investigate soil organic stocks and the climate-driven variation of soil respiration down the soil profile, in a set of six 4m deep soil shafts stratified across the landscape. We measured short term tree growth, climate responses of sap flow, and phenology in a suite of ten canopy trees to develop individual models of tree growth to daytime weather variables.
Oberbauer, S. F.
Effects of soil structure destruction on methane production and carbon partitioning between methanogenic pathways in tropical rain forest soils
weathered soils of Puerto Rico: 1. Morphology, formation andForest, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Interim Publica- tion),in subtropical forests in Puerto Rico, Biotropica, 27, 138 –
Teh, Y A; Silver, W L
Managing nontechnical risks associated with seismic operations in the tropical rain forests of Ecuador
Companies operating in sensitive areas are being challenged to address the environmental and social issues while preserving these areas for future generations. This increased international attention on environmental and sociocultural issues has led Amoco to focus efforts on developing new ideas and strategies to facilitate environmental and cultural management. In Ecuador, the major oil producing region is the Ecuadorian portion of the Amazon Basin, referred to locally as the Oriente. Amoco Ecuador BV recently completed a seismic acquisition program in the Oriente with minimum impact to the environment and the communities within the project area. The goal of this article is to describe Amoco`s experience in managing environmental, social, and public perception issues associated with seismic operations in the rain forests of Ecuador.
Barker, G.; Smith, G.R.; Vacas, F.J. [Amoco Corp., Houston, TX (United States); Swingholm, E.K.; Yuill, R.M.; Aleman, M.A.
Rate Determination for Tropical Trees, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA, 1Â3 April, 1980. Yale University
Coley, Phyllis
Parameterization of Canopy Structure and Leaf-Level Gas Exchange for an Eastern Amazonian Tropical Rain Forest (Tapajós National Forest, Pará, Brazil)
Carbon flux of Amazonian primary forest vegetation has been shown to vary both spatially and temporally. Process-based models are adequate tools to understand the basis of such variation and can also provide projections to future scenarios. The ...
Tomas F. Domingues; Joseph A. Berry; Luiz A. Martinelli; Jean P. H. B. Ometto; James R. Ehleringer
Carbon finance, tropical forests and the state : governing international climate risk in the Democratic Republic of Congo
This thesis examines how evolving norms of international climate change mitigation are translated into national forest governance policies and land management techniques in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The ...
Gray, Ian P
Effect of CH4 and O2 variations on rates of CH4 oxidation and stable isotope fractionation in tropical rain forest soils
Methane-oxidizing bacteria are the primary sink for CH{sub 4} in reduced soils, and account for as much as 90 percent of all CH{sub 4} produced. Methanotrophic bacteria strongly discriminate against the heavy isotopes of carbon, resulting in CH{sub 4} emissions that are significantly more enriched in {sup 13}C than the original source material. Previous studies have used an isotope mass balance approach to quantify CH{sub 4} sources and sinks in the field, based on the assumption that the fractionation factor for CH{sub 4} oxidation is a constant. This study quantifies the effect of systematic variations in CH{sub 4} and O{sub 2} concentrations on rates of CH{sub 4} oxidation and stable isotope fractionation in tropical rain forest soils. Soils were collected from the 0-15 cm depth, and incubated with varying concentrations of CH{sub 4} (100 ppmv, 500 ppmv, 1000 ppmv, and 5000 ppmv) or O{sub 2} (3 percent, 5 percent, 10 percent, and 21 percent). The isotope fractionation factor for CH{sub 4} oxidation was calculated for each incubation using a Rayleigh fractionation model. Rates of CH{sub 4} oxidation varied significantly between CH{sub 4} treatments, with the 100 ppmv CH{sub 4} treatment showing the lowest rate of CH{sub 4} uptake, and the other 3 treatments showing similar rates of CH{sub 4} uptake. Rates of CH{sub 4} oxidation did not vary significantly between the different O{sub 2} treatments. The fractionation factor for CH{sub 4} oxidation varied significantly between the different CH{sub 4} treatments, with the 5000 ppmv CH{sub 4} treatment showing the largest {sup 13}C-enrichment of residual CH{sub 4}. In treatments where CH{sub 4} concentration was not rate-limiting (> 500 ppmv CH{sub 4}), the fractionation factor for CH{sub 4} oxidation was negatively correlated with CH{sub 4} oxidation rate (P activity or CH{sub 4} pool size.
Teh, Yit Arn; Conrad, Mark; Silver, Whendee L.; Carlson, Charlotte M.
Majoring in Forest Resources & Conservation
Majoring in Forest Resources & Conservation University of Florida/IFAS School of Forest Resources & Conservation www.sfrc.ufl.edu ~ 352-846-0847 ~ email@example.com Business Management gives students a sound Management Summer B FOR3200C Foundations in Natural Resources and Conservation 3 credits FOR3434C Forest
Watson, Craig A.
Evironmental protection in Malaysia with sustainable forest management practices
Malaysia has achieved a very significant development socio-economically since independent in 1957. Large tracts of forest have been converted to give way to settlements and agricultural and industrial areas. Logging is still being carried out annually. ... Keywords: environmental protection, forest certification, forest harvesting, sustainable forest management, tropical forest resources
Dato'Hj Dahlan Hj. Taha; Hj. Kamaruzaman Jusoff
Dispersion Parameters over Forested Terrain
A unique set of micrometeorological data was obtained during a 1967–70 multidisciplinary environmental field program in a tropical forest environment. The program was under the sponsorship of the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) and was ...
R. T. Pinker; J. Z. Holland
Methane-oxidizing bacteria are the primary sink for CH{sub 4} in reduced soils, and account for as much as 90 percent of all CH{sub 4} produced. Methanotrophic bacteria strongly discriminate against the heavy isotopes of carbon, resulting in CH{sub 4} emissions that are significantly more enriched in {sup 13}C than the original source material. Previous studies have used an isotope mass balance approach to quantify CH{sub 4} sources and sinks in the field, based on the assumption that the fractionation factor for CH{sub 4} oxidation is a constant. This study quantifies the effect of systematic variations in CH{sub 4} and O{sub 2} concentrations on rates of CH{sub 4} oxidation and stable isotope fractionation in tropical rain forest soils. Soils were collected from the 0-15 cm depth, and incubated with varying concentrations of CH{sub 4} (100 ppmv, 500 ppmv, 1000 ppmv, and 5000 ppmv) or O{sub 2} (3 percent, 5 percent, 10 percent, and 21 percent). The isotope fractionation factor for CH{sub 4} oxidation was calculated for each incubation using a Rayleigh fractionation model. Rates of CH{sub 4} oxidation varied significantly between CH{sub 4} treatments, with the 100 ppmv CH{sub 4} treatment showing the lowest rate of CH{sub 4} uptake, and the other 3 treatments showing similar rates of CH{sub 4} uptake. Rates of CH{sub 4} oxidation did not vary significantly between the different O{sub 2} treatments. The fractionation factor for CH{sub 4} oxidation varied significantly between the different CH{sub 4} treatments, with the 5000 ppmv CH{sub 4} treatment showing the largest {sup 13}C-enrichment of residual CH{sub 4}. In treatments where CH{sub 4} concentration was not rate-limiting (> 500 ppmv CH{sub 4}), the fractionation factor for CH{sub 4} oxidation was negatively correlated with CH{sub 4} oxidation rate (P < 0.003, r{sup 2} = 0.86). A multiple regression model that included initial CH{sub 4} concentration and CH{sub 4} oxidation rate as independent variables accounted for 94 percent of the variability in the isotope fractionation data, suggesting that both factors are important in determining the extent of isotopic fractionation (P < 0.002, r{sup 2} = 0.94). The fractionation factor for CH{sub 4} oxidation did not vary significantly between the different O{sub 2} treatments. These results challenge the assumption that the isotope fractionation factor for CH{sub 4} oxidation remains constant, regardless of metabolic activity or CH{sub 4} pool size.
Vision Research Foundations
Vision Research Foundations National Alliance for Eye and Vision Research www.eyeresearch.org Foundation Fighting Blindness www.blindness.org Research to Prevent Blindess...
The purpose of this analysis is to design structural foundations for the Generator Pad. The equipment foundation shall be designed in Section 10 using standard foundation design hand calculations. The vertical loads reflect Mechanical/Electrical requirements. Lateral loads will be calculated using applicable codes. The soil bearing and foundation stresses will be analyzed using accepted engineering mechanics. The foundation will be designed using the Strength Design Method.
T. Saltikov
Comparisons of Interception Loss from Tropical and Temperate Vegetation Canopies
A multilayer crop model is used to investigate interception loss from oak, pine, wheat and grass canopies. It is shown that the evaporative properties of the full oak canopy are similar to those of the evergreen tropical rain forest. Evaporation ...
J. G. Lockwood; P. J. Sellers
Forest Monitoring for Action (FORMA) | Open Energy Information
Forest Monitoring for Action (FORMA) Forest Monitoring for Action (FORMA) Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Forest Monitoring for Action (FORMA) Agency/Company /Organization: Center for Global Development Sector: Land, Climate Focus Area: Forestry Topics: GHG inventory, Resource assessment Resource Type: Maps Website: www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/forestmonitoringforactionfor Cost: Free Forest Monitoring for Action (FORMA) Screenshot References: FORMA[1] "Forest Monitoring for Action (FORMA) uses freely available satellite data to generate rapidly updated online maps of tropical forest clearing, providing useful information for local and national forest conservation programs, as well as international efforts to curb greenhouse gas emissions by paying to keep forests intact."
The Pre-Depression Investigation of Cloud-Systems in the Tropics (PREDICT) Experiment: Scientific Basis, New Analysis Tools, and Some First Results
The principal hypotheses of a new model of tropical cyclogenesis, known as the marsupial paradigm, were tested in the context of Atlantic tropical disturbances during the National Science Foundation (NSF)-sponsored Pre-Depression Investigation of Cloud ...
Michael T. Montgomery; Christopher Davis; Timothy Dunkerton; Zhuo Wang; Christopher Velden; Ryan Torn; Sharanya J. Majumdar; Fuqing Zhang; Roger K. Smith; Lance Bosart; Michael M. Bell; Jennifer S. Haase; Andrew Heymsfield; Jorgen Jensen; Teresa Campos; Mark A. Boothe
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics | Open
Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics Jump to: navigation, search Name International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Place India Sector Biofuels Product Biofuels ( Academic / Research foundation ) References International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics is a company located in India . References ↑ "International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=International_Crops_Research_Institute_for_the_Semi_Arid_Tropics&oldid=347036
The purpose of this analysis is to design structural foundations for the Diesel Fuel Tank and Fuel Pumps.
M. Gomez
Measuring Woody Encroachment along a Forest–Savanna Boundary in Central Africa
Changes in net area of tropical forest are the sum of several processes: deforestation, regeneration of previously deforested areas, and the changing spatial location of the forest–savanna boundary. The authors conducted a long-term (1986–2006) ...
E. T. A. Mitchard; S. S. Saatchi; F. F. Gerard; S. L. Lewis; P. Meir
Use of Forest Inventories and Geographic Information Systems To Estimate
Appendix B: Use of Forest Inventories and Geographic Information Systems To Appendix B: Use of Forest Inventories and Geographic Information Systems To Estimate Biomass Density of Tropical Forests: Application to Tropical Africa S. Brown and G. Gaston U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th St., Corvalis, OR 97333, USA Abstract One of the most important databases needed for estimating emissions of carbon dioxide resulting from changes in the cover, use, and management of tropical forests is the total quantity of biomass per unit area, referred to as biomass density. Forest inventories have been shown to be valuable sources of data for estimating biomass density, but inventories for the tropics are few in number and their quality is poor. This lack of reliable data has been overcome by use of a promising approach that produces
TMS Foundation: Donors
Corporate Contributors Hydro Aluminium Rolled Products Wagstaff Inc, Foundation Founders ($1000-$2,499) Carl M. Cady Phillip J. Mackey David Alan Shifler
TMS Foundation: Programs
That's why the TMS Foundation funds student travel grants to offset the costs of attending the TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition and ... SPECIAL PROJECTS.
The purpose of this analysis is to design structural foundations for the Site Lighting. This analysis is in support of design drawing BABBDF000-01717-2100-23016.
NPP Tropical Forest: San Eusebio, Venezuela
Eusebio, Venezuela, 1970-1971 PHOTOGRAPH Photograph: General view of the San Eusebio site (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site) Data Citation Cite this...
NPP Tropical Forest: Gunung Mulu, Malaysia
Mulu World Heritage Site may be found on the Web pages maintained by UNESCO and the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Center. Detailed data are available on biomass, different...
Tropical Africa: Calculated Actual Aboveground Live Biomass in Open and
Calculated Actual Aboveground Live Biomass in Open and Calculated Actual Aboveground Live Biomass in Open and Closed Forests (1980) image Brown, S., and G. Gaston. 1996. Tropical Africa: Land Use, Biomass, and Carbon Estimates For 1980. ORNL/CDIAC-92, NDP-055. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. More Maps Land Use Maximum Potential Biomass Density Area of Closed Forests (By Country) Mean Biomass of Closed Forests (By Country) Area of Open Forests (By Country) Mean Biomass of Open Forests (By County) Percent Forest Cover (By Country) Total Forest Biomass (By Country) Population Density - 1990 (By Administrative Unit) Population Density - 1980 (By Administrative Unit) Population Density - 1970 (By Administrative Unit) Population Density - 1960 (By Administrative Unit)
Transmission Structure Foundation Design Guide
This guide contains the most current and comprehensive information for the design of foundations for overhead line structures. The guide covers the complete transmission structure foundation design process from the subsurface investigations and design of the foundations, to the construction and inspection of the foundation. Reference documents to assist transmission structure foundation designers in the development of specifications such as for subsurface investigations and foundation construction ...
Foundations for smarter cities
This paper describes the information technology (IT) foundation and principles for Smarter Cities™. Smarter Cities are urban areas that exploit operational data, such as that arising from traffic congestion, power consumption statistics, and public ...
C. Harrison; B. Eckman; R. Hamilton; P. Hartswick; J. Kalagnanam; J. Paraszczak; P. Williams
Forest Carbon Index | Open Energy Information
Forest Carbon Index Forest Carbon Index Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Forest Carbon Index Agency/Company /Organization: Resources for the Future Partner: United Nations Foundation Sector: Land Focus Area: Forestry Topics: Finance, GHG inventory, Market analysis Resource Type: Maps, Software/modeling tools User Interface: Website Website: www.forestcarbonindex.org/ Web Application Link: www.forestcarbonindex.org/maps.html Cost: Free References: Forest Carbon Index [1] The Forest Carbon Index (FCI) compiles and displays global data relating to biological, economic, governance, investment, and market readiness conditions for every forest and country in the world, revealing the best places and countries for forest carbon investments. Please use this site to
Critical Foundations: Protecting America's Infrastructures
Page 1. CRITICAL FOUNDATIONS PROTECTING AMERICA'S INFRASTRUCTURES The Report of the President's Commission ...
Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1988
.The 1988 season produced 62 tropical waves, 19 tropical depressions and 12 tropical storms, 5 of which became hurricanes. Eighty-three percent of the tropical storms developed from African waves. A comparison with the past 21 years is included.
Lixion A. Avila; Gilbert B. Clark
Baroclinically Induced Tropical Cyclogenesis
The authors investigate the transition of numerous subtropical cyclones into late season tropical storms and hurricanes during the 2000 and 2001 Atlantic tropical cyclone seasons. In all transitioning cases (10), the 900–200-hPa wind shear was ...
Christopher A. Davis; Lance F. Bosart
Tropical observability and predictability
Many studies have investigated tropical data assimilation in the context of global models or specifically for tropical cyclones, but relatively few have focused on the mesoscale predictability and observability of the ...
Whitcomb, Timothy Robert
THE AOCS FOUNDATION Mail: P.O. Box 17190, Urbana, IL 61803-7190 USA Street: 2710 S. Boulder Drive, Urbana, IL 61802-6996 USA Phone: +1-217-359-2344; Fax: +1-217-351-8091 www.aocsfoundation.org
Home Depot Foundation | Open Energy Information
Depot Foundation Jump to: navigation, search Name Home Depot Foundation Place Atlanta, GA Website http:www.homedepotfoundation References Home Depot Foundation1 Information...
Seasonal tropical cyclone forecasts
Seasonal forecasts of tropical cyclone activity in various regions have been developed since the first attempts in the early 1980s by Neville
Suzana J. Camargo; Anthony G. Barnston; Philip J. Klotzbach; Christopher W. Landsea
G.Comer Foundation
Comer Comer Foundation Please note: I work for Pennsylvania State University, And help UN IPCC, NRC, etc., But I am not representing them, Just me. Climate Change: Opportunities in the Greenhouse Richard B. Alley, Evan Pugh Professor of Geosciences and Associate of the Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, 2010 University Turbine Systems Research Workshop, Penn State Energy * You eat about 2400 Calories per day; * You use over 240,000 Calories per day; * Like having 100+ serfs to do your bidding; * Driving, heating, cooling, pumping, plowing, trucking, flying, cooking... * Almost all from oil, coal and natural gas (fossil fuels). http://www.explorepahistory.com/ (Pennsylvania State Education Association) Settlers cut almost all Pennsylvania trees, often
ARM - Black Forest News
GermanyBlack Forest News Black Forest Deployment AMF Home Black Forest Home Data Plots and Baseline Instruments CERA COPS Data University of Hohenheim COPS Website COPS Update,...
LANL Foundation conference draws teachers
LANL Foundation Conference Draws Teachers LANL Foundation Conference Draws Teachers Community Connections: Our link to Northern New Mexico Communities Latest Issue:Dec. 2013 - Jan. 2014 All Issues » submit LANL Foundation conference draws teachers The conference was made possible by a financial investment from LANS, LLC in the Foundation's Inquiry Science Education Consortium and from the Department of Energy. November 1, 2012 dummy image Read our archives Contacts Editor Linda Anderman Email Community Programs Office Kurt Steinhaus Email Close to 1,500 people, including teachers, principals, and others, attended the recent Los Alamos National Laboratory Foundation's 15th annual education conference. The speakers included Harry K. and Rosemary Wong on the subject of ""Effective Teaching."
Clouds in Tropical Cyclones
Clouds within the inner regions of tropical cyclones are unlike those anywhere else in the atmosphere. Convective clouds contributing to cyclogenesis have rotational and deep intense updrafts but tend to have relatively weak downdrafts. Within the ...
Robert A. Houze Jr.
Clouds within the inner regions of tropical cyclones are unlike those anywhere else in the atmosphere. Convective clouds contributing to cyclogenesis have rotational and deep intense updrafts but tend to have relatively weak downdrafts. Within ...
Geographical Distribution of Biomass Carbon in Tropical Southeast Asian
Geographical Distribution of Biomass Carbon in Tropical Southeast Asian Geographical Distribution of Biomass Carbon in Tropical Southeast Asian Forests: A Database (NDP-068) DOI: 10.3334/CDIAC/lue.ndp068 data Data PDF PDF Appendix A is reprint of Brown et al. paper in Geocarto International, Vol. 8; copyright 1993 Geocarto International Centre and reprinted with kind permission from the publisher) image Contributors Sandra Brown1 Louis R. Iverson2 Anantha Prasad2 Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois 1Present address: Winrock International, Arlington, Virginia 2Present address: United States Forest Service, Northeast Research Station, Delaware, Ohio Prepared by Tammy W. Beaty, Lisa M. Olsen, Robert M. Cushman, and Antoinette L. Brenkert Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
Deformation mechanisms beneath shallow foundations
. Where sufficient capacity is available near the ground surface, projects such as low-rise buildings (up to about five storeys in height), houses, tanks and even wind turbines might adopt a shallow foundation system. 1.2 Shallow Foundations Shallow... and drying procedure is followed. Figures 1.1(b) and 1.1(c) show a wind turbine shallow foundation during the concrete pour stage, and a completed rectangular footing with column reinforcement respectively. Two issues are considered in the design of shallow...
McMahon, Brendan
Why does air passage over forest yield more rain? Examining the coupling between rainfall, pressure and atmospheric moisture content
The influence of forest loss on rainfall remains poorly understood. Addressing this challenge Spracklen et al. recently presented a pan-tropical study of rainfall and land-cover that showed that satellite-derived rainfall measures were positively ...
A. M. Makarieva; V. G. Gorshkov; D. Sheil; A. D. Nobre; P. Bunyard; B.-L. Li
Federal Energy Management Program: National Science Foundation...
Foundation - Lake Hoare, Antarctica to someone by E-mail Share Federal Energy Management Program: National Science Foundation - Lake Hoare, Antarctica on Facebook Tweet...
Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Electricity Grid...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Electricity Grid Basics Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Electricity Grid Basics Watch the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy foundational course webinar...
Tribal Renewable Energy Curriculum Foundational Course: Biomass...
Biomass Tribal Renewable Energy Curriculum Foundational Course: Biomass Watch the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy foundational course webinar on biomass renewable...
Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Solar | Department...
Solar Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Solar Watch the DOE Office of Indian Energy foundational course webinar on solar renewable energy by clicking on the .swf link...
Tribal Renewable Energy Curriculum Foundational Course: Wind...
Wind Tribal Renewable Energy Curriculum Foundational Course: Wind Watch the DOE Office of Indian Energy foundational course webinar on wind renewable energy by clicking on the .swf...
Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Strategic Energy...
Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Strategic Energy Planning Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Strategic Energy Planning Watch the U.S. Department of Energy Office of...
Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Hydroelectric |...
Hydroelectric Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Hydroelectric Watch the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy foundational course webinar on hydroelectric...
Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Geothermal | Department...
Other Agencies You are here Home Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Geothermal Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Geothermal Watch the U.S. Department of...
Excavationless Exterior Foundation Insulation Exploratory
Excavationless Exterior Foundation Excavationless Exterior Foundation Insulation Exploratory Study NorthernSTAR Building America Team Garrett Mosiman Technical Approach The project begins with the concept of an "excavationless" exterior foundation insulation upgrade that is cost-competitive with current methods, and involves little impact to existing landscape and site features. Process: 1. Literature review to establish the building science case for the advantages of exterior foundation insulation vs. interior insulation 2. Presentation and analysis of two exterior, full-excavation exterior insulation upgrades to establish a base case for costs 3. Survey of five typical twin-cities neighborhoods to categorize and quantify typical obstructions 4. Web-based search to identify available materials and technologies that have
Information Forests
We describe Information Forests, an approach to classification that generalizes Random Forests by replacing the splitting criterion of non-leaf nodes from a discriminative one -- based on the entropy of the label distribution -- to a generative one -- based on maximizing the information divergence between the class-conditional distributions in the resulting partitions. The basic idea consists of deferring classification until a measure of "classification confidence" is sufficiently high, and instead breaking down the data so as to maximize this measure. In an alternative interpretation, Information Forests attempt to partition the data into subsets that are "as informative as possible" for the purpose of the task, which is to classify the data. Classification confidence, or informative content of the subsets, is quantified by the Information Divergence. Our approach relates to active learning, semi-supervised learning, mixed generative/discriminative learning.
Yi, Zhao; Dewan, Maneesh; Zhan, Yiqiang
Climate change and forests in India: note from the guest editors
Forestry is one of the most important sectors in the context of climate change. It lies at the center-stage of global mitigation and adaptation efforts. Yet, it is one of the least understood sectors, especially in tropical zones, which constitute a significant portion of the global forests. Recently, there has been a growing interest in forests in addressing global climate change. The IPCC Assessment Report 4 (2007) Chapters related to forests have highlighted the limited number of studies on the impact of climate change on forests at the regional, national and sub-national level, while policy makers need information at these scales. Further, implication of projected climate change on mitigation potential of forest sector is only briefly mentioned in the IPCC report, with limited literature to support the conclusions. India is one among the top ten nations in the world in terms of forest cover. It is also sixth among the tropical countries in terms of forested area. As IPCC Assessment Report 5 work is about to be initiated soon, studies on the impact of climate change on forests as well as the mitigation potential of the forest sector, particularly at regional and national level, will be of great interest to the scientific and policy community. In order to conserve the carbon stored in forests and to reduce CO2 emissions from the forest sector, the Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) mechanism is now being finalized under the UNFCCC. In this context, climate change itself may affect the mitigation potential significantly, and it is important to understand how vulnerable the forest carbon stock (biomass and soil) in the tropics is to the projected climate change. In fact, there is a need to study the impact of climate change on forests for all the major forested countries
Ravindtranath, N.H.; Aaheim, Asbjporn
A Tropical Cyclone Genesis Parameter for the Tropical Atlantic
A parameter to evaluate the potential for tropical cyclone formation (genesis) in the North Atlantic between Africa and the Caribbean islands is developed. Climatologically, this region is the source of about 40% of the Atlantic basin tropical ...
Mark DeMaria; John A. Knaff; Bernadette H. Connell
Qatar Foundation | Open Energy Information
Qatar Foundation Qatar Foundation Jump to: navigation, search Name Qatar Foundation Place Doha, Qatar Sector Solar Product Qatar-based foundation that is focused on education, scientific research and community development. The foundation is involved in research on climate change and clean energy and is part owner of project developer Qatar Solar Technologies. Coordinates 25.343065°, 51.493193° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":25.343065,"lon":51.493193,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Foundation Capital.txt - Notepad
Foundation Capital.txt Foundation Capital.txt From: Michael Bauer [firstname.lastname@example.com] Sent: Thursday, April 16, 2009 11:20 AM To: GC-62 Subject: Fed Register comments Dear Sir or Lady, Per Wendolyn Holland's request, here are my comments: (i) What improvements to the existing transactions (e.g. CRADAs, WFOs, User Agreements, etc.) would you suggest that DOE consider? Most obvious problem is cost of resources at national labs, which is much higher than at universities and other institutions due to imputed overhead. These costs should be reviewed to find whether they're a) really reflective of real costs at the labs, b)whether they truly reflect unique capabilities that justify the higher cost vs. comparable institutions. It's telling that many of the labs themselves tend to outsource certain research
Foundation Insulation for Existing Homes
How Do We Retrofit Tough Buildings? Foundation Insulation for Existing Homes Building America Technical Update April 29 & 30, 2013 Patrick H. Huelman Cold Climate Housing Coordinator University of Minnesota Extension Foundation Insulation for Existing Homes * Context - Focused on basements and crawlspaces. - Aimed at cold climates (Climate Zones 6 & 7). - Generally aimed at liquid active walls. * Approach - Managing risks - Current solutions & best practices - Evaluating new approaches * Primary focus is to reduce energy use by 30 to 50% with emphasis on existing homes. * Promote building science solutions using a systems engineering and integrated design approach. * "Do no harm" => must ensure that safety, health, and durability are maintained or improved.
Tropical Cyclone Eye Thermodynamics
In intense tropical cyclones, sea level pressures at the center are 50–100 hPa lower than outside the vortex, but only 10–30 hPa of the total pressure fall occurs inside the eye between the eyewall and the center. Warming by dry subsidence ...
H. E. Willoughby
Tropical Cyclone Eye Dynamics
A new perspective of the dynamics of a tropical cyclone eye is given in which eye subsidence and the adiabatic warming accompanying it are accounted for directly from the equations of motion. Subsidence is driven by an adverse, axial gradient of ...
R. K. Smith
Tropical Cyclone Formation
The physics of tropical cyclone formation is not well understood, and more is known about the mature hurricane than the formative mechanisms that produce it. It is believed part of the reason for this can be traced to insufficient upper-level ...
Michael T. Montgomery; Brian F. Farrell
Tropical Cyclone Cloudbands
The outer cloudband structure of a tropical cyclone is kinematically treated as the manifestation of a forced set of waves stationary with respect to the cyclone. When the cyclone wind field is modeled as a Rankine vortex and the cloudbands are ...
Tom Beer; L. Giannini
Climate mitigation and the future of tropical landscapes
Land use change to meet 21st Century demands for food, fuel, and fiber will occur in the context of both a changing climate as well as societal efforts to mitigate climate change. This changing natural and human environment will have large consequences for forest resources, terrestrial carbon storage and emissions, and food and energy crop production over the next century. Any climate change mitigation policies enacted will change the environment under which land-use decisions are made and alter global land use change patterns. Here we use the GCAM integrated assessment model to explore how climate mitigation policies that achieve a climate stabilization at 4.5 W m-2 radiative forcing in 2100 and value carbon in terrestrial ecosystems interact with future agricultural productivity and food and energy demands to influence land use in the tropics. The regional land use results are downscaled from GCAM regions to produce gridded maps of tropical land use change. We find that tropical forests are preserved only in cases where a climate mitigation policy that values terrestrial carbon is in place, and crop productivity growth continues throughout the century. Crop productivity growth is also necessary to avoid large scale deforestation globally and enable the production of bioenergy crops. The terrestrial carbon pricing assumptions in GCAM are effective at avoiding deforestation even when cropland must expand to meet future food demand.
Thomson, Allison M.; Calvin, Katherine V.; Chini, Louise Parsons; Hurtt, George; Edmonds, James A.; Bond-Lamberty, Benjamin; Frolking, Steve; Wise, Marshall A.; Janetos, Anthony C.
Building Momentum UC San Diego Foundation
investment vehicle for the Foundation's endowed contributions. The Short-Term Invest- ment Pool (STIP), which. The Foundation's investment in the university's STIP and HIP is considered to be an investment in an external
Russell, Lynn
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Foundation parameter study
The dynamic failure criterion governing the dimensions of prototype Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Foundations is treated as a variable parameter. The resulting change in foundation dimensions and costs is examined.
Lodde, P.F.
Tropical Western Pacific
ARM-00-005 ARM-00-005 RPT(TWP)-010.006 LA-UR-004434 Tropical Western Pacific Site Science Mission Plan July - December 2000 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-36 Tropical Western Pacific Project Office Atmospheric and Climate Sciences Group (EES-8) Earth and Environmental Sciences Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM 87545 This report and previous versions are available electronically at the following web sites: http://www.arm.gov/docs/sites/twp/science_plan/archive.html http://www.twppo.lanl.gov/docs/office.html 2 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States nor an agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expresses or
Cognitive Foundations for Visual Analytics
In this report, we provide an overview of scientific/technical literature on information visualization and VA. Topics discussed include an update and overview of the extensive literature search conducted for this study, the nature and purpose of the field, major research thrusts, and scientific foundations. We review methodologies for evaluating and measuring the impact of VA technologies as well as taxonomies that have been proposed for various purposes to support the VA community. A cognitive science perspective underlies each of these discussions.
Greitzer, Frank L.; Noonan, Christine F.; Franklin, Lyndsey
The Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment
A comprehensive dataset describing tropical cloud systems and their environmental setting and impacts has been collected during the Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE) and Aerosol and Chemical Transport in Tropical ...
Peter T. May; James H. Mather; Geraint Vaughan; Keith N. Bower; Christian Jakob; Greg M. McFarquhar; Gerald G. Mace
Eastern Hemisphere Tropical Cyclones of 1996
This paper is an annual summary of the Eastern Hemisphere tropical cyclones of 1996. The tropical cyclone statistics presented derive from records at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Guam. Although the text focuses on the tropical cyclones that ...
Mark A. Lander; Eric J. Trehubenko; Charles P. Guard
Eastern Hemisphere Tropical Cyclones of 1995
This paper is designed to be an annual summary of the Eastern Hemisphere tropical cyclones of 1995. The tropical cyclone statistics presented are those of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Guam. The text focuses primarily upon the tropical ...
Mark A. Lander; Michael D. Angove
NPP Tropical Forest: Cinnamon Bay, U.S. Virgin Islands
situated about 90 km east of Puerto Rico. The island was dominated by plantation agriculture in the 18th and 19th centuries, much of which was abandoned after the abolition of...
NPP Tropical Forest: Consistent Worldwide Site Estimates, 1967...
Consistent Worldwide Site Estimates, 1967-1999 Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Clark, D. A., S. Brown, D. W. Kicklighter, J. Q. Chambers, J. R. Thomlinson, J. Ni, and...
The cost-effectiveness of biodiversity surveys in tropical forests
Florestal and Jari Celulose at Jari for permissions and logistic support. We are very grateful to Fernando Z
Barlow, Jos
Are tropical forests near a high temperature threshold?
and a 30-m tall tower at km-83. The km-83 scaffold wasground level on a 67-m tall tower (Rohn 55G, Rohn, Peoria,field sites, working off a 45-m tall scaffold tower at km-67
Doughty, Christopher E.; Goulden, Michael L.
Effects of selective logging on tropical forest tree growth
State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12203,Albany, New York, USA. CENA, University of Sao Paulo, SaoResearch Center, State University of New York at Albany,
Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1993
A total of 70 tropical waves (also known as African or easterly waves) were counted in the Atlantic basin during the 1993 hurricane season. These waves led to the formation of 9 of the 10 total number of tropical cyclones in the Atlantic ...
Lixion A. Avila; Richard J. Pasch
Textural break foundation wall construction modules
Below-grade, textural-break foundation wall structures are provided for inhibiting diffusion and advection of liquids and gases into and out from a surrounding hydrogeologic environment. The foundation wall structure includes a foundation wall having an interior and exterior surface and a porous medium disposed around a portion of the exterior surface. The structure further includes a modular barrier disposed around a portion of the porous medium. The modular barrier is substantially removable from the hydrogeologic environment.
Phillips, Steven J. (Kennewick, WA)
Tropical Cyclone Winds from Scatterometer Winds
this paper, wc demonstrate that accurate estimates of tropical cyclone intensity over data sparse ocean regions
Carol S. Hsu; W. Timothy Liu
Sandia National Laboratories: Research: Research Foundations...
Starodub and Kevin McCarty around the Low Energy Electron Microscope used to study graphene growth. Sandia's Materials Science Research Foundation works to understand materials...
Beam buckling on random elastic foundations.
??This thesis explores the impact of the seafloor on the buckling load of an undersea pipeline via beam on elastic foundation buckling theory. Undersea pipelines… (more)
Bee, Geoffrey
Foundation and Moisture Control Research Project | Department...
Project The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is currently conducting research into building foundation and moisture control technologies. Moisture is a significant market...
Foundation and Computing Research Center.
w w w w. s a n d i a . g o v The idea drove a wave of technology that transformed society so that today, people carry cell phones that are little supercomputers. But the Moore's Law era - which lasted far longer than Moore himself expected - is coming to an end. The speed of laptops and desktops has plateaued while the power required to run systems is rising sharply. And industry can't continue cramming more transistors onto chips indefinitely. Major change is about a decade away, says Rob Leland, director of Sandia National Laboratories' Computing and information Sciences (CiS) Research Foundation and Computing Research Center. "We need a new type of computing device, new materials, new designs, and it's not at all clear what that should be," Leland says. "it has to be something
Tropical Tropospheric Temperature Variations Caused by ENSO and Their Influence on the Remote Tropical Climate
The warming of the entire tropical free troposphere in response to El Niño is well established, and suggests a tropical mechanism for the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnection. The potential impact of this warming on remote tropical ...
John C. H. Chiang; Adam H. Sobel
Interactions of the Tropical Oceans
The authors have investigated the interactions of the tropical oceans on interannual timescales by conducting a series of uncoupled atmospheric and oceanic general circulation experiments and hybrid-coupled model simulations. The results ...
M. Latif; T. P. Barnett
Climate and the Tropical Oceans
An attempt is made to determine the role of the ocean in establishing the mean tropical climate and its sensitivity to radiative perturbations. A simple two-box energy balance model is developed that includes ocean heat transports as an ...
Amy Clement; Richard Seager
Heating Rates in Tropical Anvils
The interaction of infrared and solar radiation with tropical cirrus anvils is addressed. Optical properties of the anvils are inferred from satellite observations and from high-altitude aircraft measurements. An infrared multiple-scattering ...
Thomas P. Ackerman; Kuo-Nan Liou; Francisco P. J. Valero; Leonhard Pfister
Microphysical Observations of Tropical Clouds
The results from airborne in situ sampling of convective tropical storms in the Amazon and Kwajalein are presented. Three cases from the Amazon and two from Kwajalein are compared and provide examples of the much larger dataset that was obtained ...
Jeffrey L. Stith; James E. Dye; Aaron Bansemer; Andrew J. Heymsfield; Cedric A. Grainger; Walter A. Petersen; Robert Cifelli
Historical Global Tropical Cyclone Landfalls
In recent decades, economic damage from tropical cyclones (TCs) around the world has increased dramatically. Scientific literature published to date finds that the increase in losses can be explained entirely by societal changes (such as ...
Jessica Weinkle; Ryan Maue; Roger Pielke Jr
Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change
Whether the characteristics of tropical cyclones have changed or will change in a warming climate — and if so, how — has been the subject of considerable investigation, often with conflicting results. Large amplitude ...
Knutson, Thomas R.
Concrete Foundations in Substations and Transmission Lines
This report presents the results of surveys conducted to obtain information on the degradation of concrete foundations that support transmission towers and high-voltage substation equipment. Although concrete foundations are simple and inexpensive, their degradation or failure may have costly consequences, including potential equipment damage and the need for outages to allow movement of critical equipment so the ...
Test Report: Cost Effective Foundation Insulation
A field experiment was conducted to demonstrate and quantify the thermal effectiveness of rigid insulation board when installed on the exterior of a buried concrete foundation wall. A heated, insulated box was constructed along one wall of an existing, unheated building to simulate the living space of a home. The crawl space beneath the living space was divided into two sections. One featured external foundation insulation, while the other side had none. 36 temperature and heat flux sensors were installed at predetermined locations to measure the temperature profile and heat flow out of the living space. The temperature profile through the foundation was then used to calculate the total heat flow out of the foundation for both cases. This experiment showed that a significant energy savings is available with exterior foundation insulation. Over the course of 3 months, the heat-loss differential between the insulated and non-insulated foundations was 4.95 kilowatt-hours per lineal foot of foundation wall, for a ratio of 3:1. For a 2200 sq. ft home with a foundation perimeter 200 ft. long, this would amount to a savings of 990 kW-hrs in just 3 months, or 330 kW-hrs per month. Extrapolating to an 8-month heating year, we would expect to save over 2640 kW-hrs per year for such a home. The savings for a basement foundation, rather than a crawlspace, would be approach twice that amount, nearing 5280 kW-hr per year. Because these data were not collected during the coldest months of the year, they are conservative, and greater savings may be expected during colder periods.
Jeffrey M. Lacy; T. E. Rahl; G. A. Twitchell; R. G. Kobbe
Environmental Conservation: page 1 of 9 C Foundation for Environmental Conservation 2013 doi:10.1017/S0376892913000015 Rethinking property rights: comparative analysis of conservation
Environmental Conservation: page 1 of 9 C Foundation for Environmental Conservation 2013 doi:10.1017/S0376892913000015 Rethinking property rights: comparative analysis of conservation easements for wildlife conservation ADENA R. RISSMAN Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin
Rissman, Adena
TMS Foundation Receives Planned Gift from Dr. Martin E. Glicksman
Mr. Martin E. Glicksman, of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, recently made plans for a substantial planned gift to the TMS Foundation. The Foundation ...
Indian Renewable Energy Foundation Ltd IREF | Open Energy Information
Renewable Energy Foundation Ltd IREF Jump to: navigation, search Name Indian Renewable Energy Foundation Ltd. (IREF) Place Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Zip 400 055 Sector Wind energy...
DOE Office of Indian Energy Foundational Course on Strategic...
DOE Office of Indian Energy Foundational Course: Strategic Energy Planning (text version) Below is the text version of the Webinar titled "DOE Office of Indian Energy Foundational...
Tropical-Extratropical Interactions of Intraseasonal Oscillations
Tropical-extratropical interactions of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs), based on 30 yr (1979-2009) of northern winter observations and theory, are compared. The phase relationships between the tropical signal of the leading theoretical ISO for a ...
Jorgen S. Frederiksen; Hai Lin
The Automated Tropical Cyclone Forecasting System (ATCF)
The U.S. Navy Automated Tropical Cyclone Forecasting System (ATCF) is an IBM-AT compatible software package developed for the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), Guam. ATCF is designed to assist forecasters with the process of making tropical ...
Ronald J. Miller; Ann J. Schrader; Charles R. Sampson; Ted L. Tsui
Temperature Advection by Tropical Instability Waves
A numerical model of the tropical Pacific Ocean is used to investigate the processes that cause the horizontal temperature advection of tropical instability waves (TIWs). It is found that their temperature advection cannot be explained by the ...
Markus Jochum; Raghu Murtugudde
Diagnosing Forecast Errors in Tropical Cyclone Motion
This paper reports on the development of a diagnostic approach that can be used to examine the sources of numerical model forecast error that contribute to degraded tropical cyclone (TC) motion forecasts. Tropical cyclone motion forecasts depend ...
Thomas J. Galarneau Jr.; Christopher A. Davis
A Global Climatology of Tropical Moisture Exports
In a recent paper, a climatology of tropical moisture exports (TMEs) to the Northern Hemisphere (NH) was constructed on the basis of 7-day forward trajectories, started daily from the tropical lower troposphere, which were required to reach a ...
Peter Knippertz; Heini Wernli; Gregor Gläser
Distribution of Tropical Tropospheric Water Vapor
Utilizing a conceptual model for tropical convection and observational data for water vapor, the maintenance of the vertical distribution of the tropical tropospheric water vapor is discussed. While deep convection induces large-scale subsidence ...
De-Zheng Sun; Richard S. Lindzen
Midlevel Ventilation's Constraint on Tropical Cyclone Intensity
Midlevel ventilation, or the flux of low-entropy air into the inner core of a tropical cyclone (TC), is a hypothesized mechanism by which environmental vertical wind shear can constrain a tropical cyclone's intensity. An ...
Tang, Brian Hong-An
A Ventilation Index for Tropical Cyclones
An important environmental control of both tropical cyclone intensity and genesis is vertical wind shear. One hypothesized pathway by which vertical shear affects tropical cyclones is midlevel ventilation—or the flux of ...
Tang, Brian
12.811 Tropical Meteorology, Spring 2005
This course describes the behavior and dynamics of the tropical troposphere, from the large-scale energy balance down to cumulus convection and tropical cyclones. Topics include: Radiative-convective equilibrium; the Hadley ...
Emanuel, Kerry
Why Are There Tropical Warm Pools?
Tropical warm pools appear as the primary mode in the distribution of tropical sea surface temperature (SST). Most previous studies have focused on the role of atmospheric processes in homogenizing temperatures in the warm pool and establishing ...
Amy C. Clement; Richard Seager; Raghu Murtugudde
Galveston Historical Foundation | Open Energy Information
Historical Foundation Historical Foundation Jump to: navigation, search Logo: Galveston Historical Foundation Name Galveston Historical Foundation Address 502 20th St. Place Galveston, Texas Zip 77550 Region Texas Area Number of employees 11-50 Year founded 1954 Phone number 409-765-7834 Website http://www.galvestonhistory.or Coordinates 29.3054013°, -94.7900179° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":29.3054013,"lon":-94.7900179,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Tribal Renewable Energy Curriculum Foundational Course: Biomass
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Watch the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy foundational course webinar on biomass renewable energy by clicking on the .swf link below. You can also download the PowerPoint slides...
Foundations of uncertain-data integration
There has been considerable past work studying data integration and uncertain data in isolation. We develop the foundations for local-as-view (LAV) data integration when the sources being integrated are uncertain. We motivate two distinct settings ...
Parag Agrawal; Anish Das Sarma; Jeffrey Ullman; Jennifer Widom
Theoretical foundations for the study of sociomateriality
This paper compares two alternative theoretical foundations upon which the study of sociomateriality can be built: agential realism and critical realism. It begins by providing a brief overview of the sociomaterial perspective on organizational practices ...
Paul M. Leonardi
United Nations Foundation (UNF) | Open Energy Information
United Nations Foundation (UNF) United Nations Foundation (UNF) Jump to: navigation, search Logo: United Nations Foundation Name United Nations Foundation Address 1800 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 400 Place Washington, DC Zip 20036 Region Northeast - NY NJ CT PA Area Coordinates 38.90879°, -77.042271° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":38.90879,"lon":-77.042271,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
The Health of Colorado's Forests
, Fort Collins, Colo., and Aerial Survey Coordinator, Colorado State Forest Service (CSFS. Patricia M. Ciesla, Forest Health Management International, Fort Collins, Colo. Brian Howell, Aerial SurveyThe Health of Colorado's Forests 2009 Report Special Issue: Threats to Colorado's Current
The Forest Preserve District
Forest Preserve District Forest Preserve District Nature Bulletin No. 109 March 29, 1947 Forest Preserve District of Cook County William N. Erickson, President Roberts Mann, Supt. of Conservation THE FOREST PRESERVE DISTRICT Forest Preserve Districts, in Illinois, are separate municipal bodies governed by a Board of Forest Preserve Commissioners consisting of the elected county commissioners, as in Cook County, or by a committee of the county board of supervisors, as in 7 other counties. The legislative act which provided for such a district, if authorized by referendum vote of the people, became a law on July 1, 1914. Under that act, the commissioners are empowered to levy taxes, issue bonds, and to acquire lands containing forests "for the purpose of protecting and preserving the flora, fauna and scenic beauties.... and to restore, restock, protect and preserve the natural forests and said lands with their flora and fauna, as nearly as may be in their natural state and condition for the purpose of the education, pleasure and recreation of the public". A limit of 35,000 acres was set; later increased to 39,000.
Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1979
The 1979 hurricane season produced 85 "tropical system" of which 27 acquired the closed circulation of a depression 52 of these originated over the African Continent. African seedlings initiated 7 of the 8 named Atlantic storm and 7 of the 10 ...
Neil L. Frank; Gilbert Clark
Bonneville Environmental Foundation | Open Energy Information
Foundation Foundation Jump to: navigation, search Name Bonneville Environmental Foundation Address 240 SW 1st Avenue Place Portland, Oregon Zip 97204 Region Pacific Northwest Area Website https://www.b-e-f.org/ Coordinates 45.520495°, -122.671887° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":45.520495,"lon":-122.671887,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Woodland Park Healthy Forest Initiative
whether we could get Colorado Springs to take some of it. The Mayor called the head of the electric plant Healthy Forest Initiative 1 1 Colorado Forest Restoration Institute Collaboration Case Study: Woodland Park Healthy Forest Initiative Corrie Knapp Prepared for the Colorado Forest Restoration Institute
PACIFIC SOUTHWEST Forest and Range
years with the Forest Survey at the Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, he joined the Aerial Re, and is now a mathe- matical statistician. #12;C lassifying forest stand volumes on single aerial photographs is unique to the na- tionwide Forest Survey 1 -- stratifying volume on photographs is not. In fact, since
Standiford, Richard B.
Challenges to estimating carbon emissions from tropical deforestation
An accurate estimate of carbon fluxes associated with tropical deforestation from the last two decades is needed to balance the global carbon budget. Several studies have already estimated carbon emissions from tropical deforestation, but the estimates vary greatly and are difficult to compare due to differences in data sources, assumptions, and methodologies. In this paper, we review the different estimates and datasets, and the various challenges associated with comparing them and with accurately estimating carbon emissions from deforestation. We performed a simulation study over legal Amazonia to illustrate some of these major issues. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of considering land-cover dynamics following deforestation, including the fluxes from reclearing of secondary vegetation, the decay of product and slash pools, and the fluxes from regrowing forest. It also suggests that accurate carbon-flux estimates will need to consider historical land-cover changes for at least the previous 20 years. However, this result is highly sensitive to estimates of the partitioning of cleared carbon into instantaneous burning vs. long-timescale slash pools. We also show that carbon flux estimates based on 'committed flux ' calculations, as used by a few studies, are not comparable with the 'annual balance ' calculation method used by other studies.
Holly K. Gibbsw; Frédéric Achardz; Ruth Defries; Jonathan A. Foleyw; R. A. Houghton
Sandia National Laboratories: Research: Research Foundations: Engineering
Engineering Science Engineering Science The Engineering Science Research Foundation is leading engineering transitions in advanced, highly critical systems by integrating theory development, experimental discovery and diagnostics, modeling, and computational approaches to refine our understanding of complex behavior in engineered systems. Why our work matters Revolutionizing the fundamental understanding of complex engineered systems can lead to enhancements that will bolster our national security stance for decades to come. Our unique value Leading-edge work on physical phenomena at the continuum and near-continuum scale Engineering expertise in national security systems that is second to none Foundational knowledge across multiple disciplines, including solid mechanics, fluid mechanics of reacting and nonreacting systems, structural
Generalized Inversion of Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean Data and a Coupled Model of the Tropical Pacific
It is hypothesized that the circulation of the tropical Pacific Ocean and atmosphere satisfies the equations of a simple coupled model to within errors having specified covariances, and that the Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean array (TAO) measures the ...
Andrew F. Bennett; Boon S. Chua; D. Ed Harrison; Michael J. McPhaden
An Objective Algorithm for Detecting and Tracking Tropical Cloud Clusters: Implications for Tropical Cyclogenesis Prediction
An algorithm to detect and track global tropical cloud clusters (TCCs) is presented. TCCs are organized large areas of convection that form over warm tropical waters. TCCs are important because they are the "seedlings" that can evolve into ...
Christopher C. Hennon; Charles N. Helms; Kenneth R. Knapp; Amanda R. Bowen
Tropical Indian Ocean Influence on Northwest Pacific Tropical Cyclones in Summer following Strong El Niño
In the summer following a strong El Niño, tropical cyclone (TC) number decreases over the Northwest (NW) Pacific despite little change in local sea surface temperature. The authors' analysis suggests El Niño–induced tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) ...
Yan Du; Lei Yang; Shang-Ping Xie
Climate change cripples forests
Climate Change Cripples Forests Climate Change Cripples Forests Climate change cripples forests A team of scientists concluded that in the warmer and drier Southwest of the near future, widespread tree mortality will cause forest and species distributions to change substantially. October 1, 2012 A dead pinon at the edge of the Grand Canyon, harbinger of the future for trees in the Southwest United States. Photo courtesy A. Park Williams. A dead pinon at the edge of the Grand Canyon, harbinger of the future for trees in the Southwest United States. Photo courtesy A. Park Williams. Contact Nancy Ambrosiano Communications Office (505) 667-0471 Email "There will still be wet winters, but they will more often be followed by warm summers, putting stress on trees and limiting their ability to respond
Nicholas DeForest
Nicholas DeForest Grid Integration Group Microgrids Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road MS 90R1121 Berkeley CA 94720 Office Location: 90-1139 (510) 486-6188...
Climate change cripples forests Climate change cripples forests Climate change cripples forests A team of scientists concluded that in the warmer and drier Southwest of the near future, widespread tree mortality will cause forest and species distributions to change substantially. October 1, 2012 A dead pinon at the edge of the Grand Canyon, harbinger of the future for trees in the Southwest United States. Photo courtesy A. Park Williams. A dead pinon at the edge of the Grand Canyon, harbinger of the future for trees in the Southwest United States. Photo courtesy A. Park Williams. Contact Nancy Ambrosiano Communications Office (505) 667-0471 Email "There will still be wet winters, but they will more often be followed by warm summers, putting stress on trees and limiting their ability to respond
American Clean Skies Foundation | Open Energy Information
Skies Foundation Skies Foundation Jump to: navigation, search Logo: American Clean Skies Foundation Name American Clean Skies Foundation Address 750 1st Street NE, Suite 1100 Place Washington, DC Zip 20002 Region Northeast - NY NJ CT PA Area Year founded 2007 Phone number (202) 682-6294 Website http://www.cleanskies.org/ Coordinates 38.899704°, -77.007068° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":38.899704,"lon":-77.007068,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Clean Economy Network Foundation | Open Energy Information
Clean Economy Network Foundation Clean Economy Network Foundation Jump to: navigation, search Logo: Clean Economy Network Foundation Name Clean Economy Network Foundation Address 1301 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Suite 700 Place Washington, DC Zip 20004 Number of employees 1-10 Year founded 2009 Website http://cleaneconomynetwork.org Notes Includes what was formerly known as the Renewable Energy Business Network (REBN) Coordinates 38.89597°, -77.030353° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":38.89597,"lon":-77.030353,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Security Policies as the Foundation for Cryptographic
Security Policies as the Foundation for Cryptographic Key Management Elaine Barker, CKMS Project to Layered Security Policies  From Information Management to Key Mngt.  From Dept. of Com. To NIST Employees · Security Domains  Simple to Complex · Key Management  Static to Configurable to Dynamic
Foundations and Trends R Information Retrieval
Foundations and Trends R in Information Retrieval Vol. 2, No. 3 (2008) 137Â213 c 2008 C. Zhai DOI: 10.1561/1500000008 Statistical Language Models for Information Retrieval A Critical Review firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Statistical language models have recently been successfully applied to many information retrieval
Zhai, ChengXiang
FOUNDATIONS OF PRICING AND INVESTMENT IN ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION A thesis submitted, transmission and distribution areas. From 1984 to 1989 he worked for Chilquinta, an electricity distribution electricity markets. In that frame, open access to the transmission system is one of the fundamental topics
Rudnick, Hugh
UPDATE: Tropical Storm Isaac | Department of Energy
UPDATE: Tropical Storm Isaac UPDATE: Tropical Storm Isaac UPDATE: Tropical Storm Isaac August 27, 2012 - 6:30pm Addthis Satellite image of Tropical Storm Isaac. | Courtesy of NOAA. Satellite image of Tropical Storm Isaac. | Courtesy of NOAA. April Saylor April Saylor Former Digital Outreach Strategist, Office of Public Affairs Tropical Storm Isaac has impacted Florida and is expected to make landfall along the Gulf Coast by early morning on August 29. As thousands of Gulf Coast residents are without power, the Energy Department's Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability will publish Emergency Situation Reports that provide details on customer outages and other energy sector impacts in the storm's path, as well as recovery and restoration activities being undertaken. The first Situation
Idaho Panhandle National Forests
National Forests. The RNA features vegetation on dry cliffs that are embedded in mid-elevation moist western hemlock/western redcedar/grand fir forests. Immediately below the cliffs is riparian habitat that supports many wetland species, including a disjunct west coast moss, Ulota megalospora, whose first known occurrence in Idaho is in this RNA. This establishment report documents the boundaries of the RNA, the objectives for the RNA, its features, description of
United States; Forest Service; Priest River; Experimental Forest; Dennis E. Ferguson; Arthur C. Zack Ferguson; Dennis E. Zack
Illinois Clean Energy Community Foundation Grants | Department of Energy
Illinois Clean Energy Community Foundation Grants Illinois Clean Energy Community Foundation Grants Illinois Clean Energy Community Foundation Grants < Back Eligibility Local Government Nonprofit Schools Savings Category Heating & Cooling Home Weatherization Construction Commercial Weatherization Commercial Heating & Cooling Design & Remodeling Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Bioenergy Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Energy Sources Buying & Making Electricity Solar Heating Water Heating Wind Program Info Start Date 06/30/1999 State Illinois Program Type Non-Profit Grant Program Provider Illinois Clean Energy Community Foundation The Illinois Clean Energy Community Foundation (ICECF) was established in December 1999 as an independent foundation with a $225 million endowment
INTER-AMERICAN TROPICAL TUNA COMMISSION COMISIÃ?N INTERAMERICANA DEL ATÃ?N TROPICAL 73RD MEETING The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC): Taking into account the FAO International Plan to evaluate the incidental mortality of seabirds during longline fishing operations for tunas and tuna
Tropical Cloud Life Cycle and Overlap Structure
Tropical Cloud Life Cycle and Overlap Structure Vogelmann, Andrew Brookhaven National Laboratory Jensen, Michael Brookhaven National Laboratory Kollias, Pavlos Brookhaven National...
Tropic, Utah: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
| Sign Up Search Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon Tropic, Utah: Energy Resources Jump to: navigation, search Equivalent URI DBpedia Coordinates...
Tropical Western Pacific: A Year in Darwin
Richland, Washington L. Jones, W. M. Porch, and A. Haruta Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico Introduction In March 2002, the third Tropical Western...
Influence of Tropical Tropopause Layer Cooling on Atlantic Hurricane Activity
Virtually all metrics of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity show substantial increases over the past two decades. It is argued here that cooling near the tropical tropopause and the associated decrease in tropical cyclone outflow temperature ...
Kerry Emanuel; Susan Solomon; Doris Folini; Sean Davis; Chiara Cagnazzo
Observed Antarctic Interannual Climate Variability and Tropical Linkages
This study reviews the mechanisms associated with Antarctic–tropical climate linkages and presents new analyses of the seasonality and spatial patterns of tropical climate signals in the Antarctic for the late 1950s to the present. Tropical ...
David P. Schneider; Yuko Okumura; Clara Deser
Adjustment of the Remote Tropical Climate to El Niño Conditions
The adjustment of the tropical climate outside the Pacific (the "remote Tropics") to the abrupt onset of El Niño conditions is examined in a tropical atmosphere model that assumes simplified vertical structure and quasi-equilibrium (QE) ...
Benjamin R. Lintner; John C. H. Chiang
Impacts of Atmospheric Temperature Trends on Tropical Cyclone Activity
Impacts of tropical temperature changes in the upper troposphere (UT) and the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) on tropical cyclone (TC) activity are explored. UT and lower TTL cooling both lead to an overall increase in potential intensity (PI), ...
Gabriel A. Vecchi; Stephan Fueglistaler; Isaac M. Held; Thomas R. Knutson; Ming Zhao
Virtually all metrics of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity show substantial increases over the past two decades. It is argued here that cooling near the tropical tropopause and the associated decrease in tropical cyclone ...
Solomon, Susan
Long-Term Observations of Tropical Instability Waves
Reynolds sea surface temperature (SST) data showing tropical instability waves (TIWs) in the tropical Pacific are analyzed along with current measurements from the Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean (TAO) buoy array and wind speeds from the European ...
Robert F. Contreras
Observations of the Overland Reintensification of Tropical Storm Erin (2007)
Atlantic Tropical Depression Five (2007) briefly strengthened into Tropical Storm Erin over the western Gulf of Mexico shortly before making landfall as a tropical depression near Corpus Christi, Texas, on the morning of 16 August 2007. During ...
Derek S. Arndt; Jeffrey B. Basara; Renee A. McPherson; Bradley G. Illston; Gary D. McManus; David B. Demko
The use of wind power to generate electricity continues to grow, especially given commitments by various countries throughout the world to ensure that a significant percentage of energy comes from renewable sources. In order to meet such objectives, increasingly larger turbines with higher capacity are being developed. The engineering aspects of larger turbine development tend to focus on design and materials for blades and towers. However, foundations are also a critical component of large wind turbines and represent a significant cost of wind energy projects. Ongoing wind research at BNL is examining two areas: (a) structural response analysis of wind turbine-tower-foundation systems and (b) materials engineering of foundations. This work is investigating the dynamic interactions in wind turbine systems, which in turn assists the wind industry in achieving improved reliability and more cost efficient foundation designs. The results reported herein cover initial studies of concrete mix designs for large wind turbine foundations and how these may be tailored to reduce cost and incorporate sustainability and life cycle concepts. The approach taken was to investigate material substitutions so that the environmental, energy and CO{sub 2}-impact of concrete could be reduced. The use of high volumes of ''waste'' materials in concrete was examined. These materials included fly ash, blast furnace slag and recycled concrete aggregate. In addition, the use of steel fiber reinforcement as a means to improve mechanical properties and potentially reduce the amount of bar reinforcement in concrete foundations was studied. Four basic mixes were considered. These were: (1) conventional mix with no material substitutions, (2) 50% replacement of cement with fly ash, (3) 50% replacement of cement with blast furnace slag and (4) 25% replacement of cement with fly ash and 25% replacement with blast furnace slag. Variations on these mixes included the addition of 1% by volume steel fibers. The use of recycled concrete aggregate in the conventional and 50% slag mixes was also studied. Properties investigated included compressive and tensile strengths, elastic modulus, coefficient of permeability, thermal conductivity and durability in seawater and sulfate solutions. It was determined that the mixes containing 50% slag gave the best overall performance. Slag was particularly beneficial for concrete that used recycled aggregate and could reduce strength losses. Initial durability results indicated that corrosion of fibers in the different concrete mixes when exposed to seawater was minimal. Future research needs to include more detailed studies of mix design and properties of concrete for wind turbine foundations. Emphasis on slag-modified mixes with natural and recycled concrete aggregate is recommended. The proportion of slag that can be incorporated in the concrete needs to be optimized, as does the grading of recycled aggregate. The potential for using silica fume in conjunction with slag is worth exploring as this may further enhance strength and durability. Longer-term durability studies are necessary and other pertinent properties of concrete that require investigation include damping characteristics, pullout strength, fatigue strength and risk of thermal cracking. The properties of sustainable concrete mixes need to be integrated with studies on the structural behavior of wind turbine foundations in order to determine the optimal mix design and to examine means of reducing conservatism and cost of foundations.
Radiation Damping of Shallow Foundations on Nonlinear Soil Medium
to the reduction of radiation damping due to soil yielding.since the reduced radiation damping at foundation level will2007 Paper No. 1150 RADIATION DAMPING OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
Zhang, Jian; Tang, Yuchuan
Ocean dynamics and thermodynamics in the tropical Indo- Pacific region
Ocean dynamics and thermodynamics in the tropical Indo-Ocean dynamics and thermodynamics in the tropical Indo-affect the dynam- ics and thermodynamics of the upper ocean.
Drushka, Kyla
Tropical Africa: Land Use, Biomass, and Carbon Estimates for...
Tropical Africa: Land Use, Biomass, and Carbon Estimates for 1990 image Brown, S., and G. Gaston. 1996. Tropical Africa: Land Use, Biomass, and Carbon Estimates For 1980. ORNL...
Carbon emissions and sequestration in forests: Case studies from seven developing countries
As part of the effort to understand the sources of carbon dioxide and other major greenhouse gases, the Tropical Forestry and Global Climate Change Research Network (F-7) was established. The countries taking part in the F-7 Network -- Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria and Thailand -- possess large tracts of tropical forests and together experience the bulk of large scale tropical deforestation. Integreation of work of indigenous researchers and institutions from the participating countries should allow for the gathering of on-site information into the more general and universally available base of knowledge. The information contained in this report represents the results of the first phase of the F-7 project, which had the explicit aim of providing quantitative data on forestry-related carbon emissions from India and China.
Makundi, W.; Sathaye, J. (eds.) (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)); Ravindranath, N.H.; Somashekhar, B.S.; Gadgil, M. (Indian Inst. of Science, Bangalore, (India). Center for Ecological Sciences and ASTRA); Deying, Xu (Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, (China). Research Inst. of Forestry)
Environmental and Corrosion Effects on Reinforced Concrete Foundations
The large number of transmission structures with concrete foundations that the electric industry maintains makes it important to develop efficient ways to monitor their condition and remediate damage, especially since the largest population of concrete foundations is 20-40 years old; and almost 40 of foundations are more than 40 years old. This report discusses the environmental and corrosion effects that affect steel-reinforced concrete foundations, including problems caused by poor construction, freezi...
In Search of the Rain Forest
Review: In Search of the Rain Forest By Candace Slater (Candace Slater (Ed. ). In Search of the Rain Forest. Durham:
Hamilton-Smith, Elery
10-22-09 TEXAS A&M RESEARCH FOUNDATION EMAIL & FAX APPROVAL AUTHORIZATION This form serves as authorization for the Texas A&M Research Foundation to accept approvals for invoices and project payroll expenses by email or fax. I understand that by using this process the Texas A&M Research Foundation
TEXAS A&M RESEARCH FOUNDATION FAX & EMAIL APPROVAL AUTHORIZATION This form serves as authorization for the Texas A&M Research Foundation to accept approvals by fax or email for invoices, travel, and/or payroll expenses. I understand that by using this method, the Texas A&M Research Foundation will process payments
CleanTX Foundation | Open Energy Information
CleanTX Foundation CleanTX Foundation Address 3925 W Braker Lane Place Austin, Texas Zip 78759 Region Texas Area Notes Promotes entrepreneurship in the field of clean technology, by providing educational forums, content, awareness and networking opportunities Website http://cleantx.org/ Coordinates 30.396989°, -97.735768° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":30.396989,"lon":-97.735768,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Expert Meeting Report: Foundations Research Results
Foundations Research Results Foundations Research Results C. Ojczyk, P. Huelman, and J. Carmody NorthernSTAR May 2013 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, subcontractors, or affiliated partners makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement,
United Nations Foundation Feed | Open Energy Information
Feed Feed Jump to: navigation, search Home | About | Inventory | Partnerships | Capacity Building | Webinars | Reports | Events | News | List Serve CLEAN Member Feeds Center for Environment and National Security at Scripps Centro de EnergÃas Renovables (CER) The Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF) Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) Climate Technology Initiative (CTI) ClimateWorks Foundation Coalition for Rainforest Nations (CfRN) Ecofys Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) Energy Sector Management Assistance Program of the World Bank (ESMAP) Environment and Development Action in the Third World (ENDA-TM) German Aerospace Center (DLR) German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) Global Village Energy Partnership (GVEP) Information for Development Program (infoDev)
Scientists Classify Forest Disturbances to Grow Understanding of Climate
3 3 SHARE Scientists Classify Forest Disturbances to Grow Understanding of Climate Change Daniel Hayes, shown here outside of Nome, Alaska, traveled to the Arctic in June to study climate change. Image credit: Santonu Goswami Daniel Hayes, shown here outside of Nome, Alaska, traveled to the Arctic in June to study climate change. Image credit: Santonu Goswami (hi-res image) This feature describes Oak Ridge National Laboratory research presented at the 98th annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America. The theme of the meeting, held Aug. 4-9 in Minnesota, is "Sustainable Pathways: Learning From the Past and Shaping the Future." Fire, logging, insects and extreme weather can wreak havoc on forests. With support from the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation,
Forest Preserve Wildlife
Forest Preserve Wildlife Forest Preserve Wildlife Nature Bulletin No. 437-A December 11, 1971 Forest Preserve District of Cook County George W. Dunne, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation FOREST PRESERVE WILDLIFE The Forest Preserve District now comprises about 62,512 acres of native landscape, mostly wooded, acquired and held as the statute prescribes: for the purpose of protecting the flora, fauna and scenic beauties in their natural state and condition as nearly as may be. It is a huge wildlife sanctuary wherein no weapon may be carried and no hunting, trapping or molestation of any mammal or bird is permitted. Aside from fish management, the wildlife has been left alone to work out its own systems of checks and balances. There has been no attempt to remove surplus populations; no control of any predator other than wild cats and dogs. None is needed. Dead or hollow trees have been allowed to stand, or lie where they fall, because they furnish homes for many kinds of wildlife and go back into the soil to maintain the health of the woodland. There has been considerable reforestation of open tracts formerly farmed and, in some areas, planting of shrubs and vines which provide food for wildlife.
Excavationless Exterior Foundation Insulation Exploratory Study
The key objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the feasibility of the development or adoption of technologies that would enable a large percentage of existing homes in cold climates to apply a combination 'excavationless' soil removal process with appropriate insulation and water management on the exterior of existing foundations at a low cost. Our approach was to explore existing excavation and material technologies and systems to discover whether potential successful combinations existed.
Mosiman, G.; Wagner, R.; Schirber, T.
Dylan Jones, President & CEO Canada West Foundation
's Crude Oil and North American Demand in 2011 Source: CAPP, EIA, Statistics Canada #12;US oil production and overseas crude oil prices. Sources: US EIA, CERI, Canada West Foundation. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-10 Jan-11 Jul-11 Jan-12 Jul-12 US$/b Crude Oil Benchmark
Peak, Derek
An important environmental control of both tropical cyclone intensity and genesis is vertical wind shear. One hypothesized pathway by which vertical shear affects tropical cyclones is midlevel ventilation—or the flux of low-entropy air into the center of ...
Brian Tang; Kerry Emanuel
Tropical cyclones and climate change review article
Whether the characteristics of tropical cyclones have changed or will change in a warming climate — and if so, how — has been the subject of considerable investigation, often with conflicting results. Large amplitude fluctuations in the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones greatly complicate both the detection of long-term trends and their attribution to rising levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Trend detection is further impeded by substantial limitations in the availability and quality of global historical records of tropical cyclones. Therefore, it remains uncertain whether past changes in tropical cyclone activity have exceeded the variability expected from natural causes. However, future projections based on theory and high-resolution dynamical models consistently indicate that greenhouse warming will cause the globally averaged intensity of tropical cyclones to shift towards stronger storms, with intensity increases of 2–11 % by 2100. Existing modelling studies also consistently project decreases in the globally averaged frequency of tropical cyclones, by 6–34%. Balanced against this, higher resolution modelling studies typically project substantial increases in the frequency of the most intense cyclones, and increases of the order of 20% in the precipitation rate within 100 km of the storm centre. For all cyclone parameters, projected changes for individual basins show large variations between different modelling studies. The challenge for climate change detection and attribution research with regard to tropical cyclones is to determine whether an observed change in tropical cyclone activity
Thomas R. Knutson; John L. Mcbride; Johnny Chan; Kerry Emanuel; Greg Holl; Chris L; Isaac Held; James P. Kossin; A. K. Srivastava; Masato Sugi
Interannual Variation of the Tropical Easterly Jet
The 200-mb tropical wind fields analyzed at Florida State University for 1965–74 and the 200 and 700 mb tropical wind fields from the National Meteorological Center for 1979–82 were used to explore the mechanism for the interannual variation of ...
Tsing-Chang Chen; Harry van Loon
Tropical Cyclones as a Critical Phenomenon
It has been proposed that the number of tropical cyclones as a function of the energy they release is a decreasing power-law function, up to a characteristic energy cutoff determined by the spatial size of the ocean basin in which the storm occurs. This means that no characteristic scale exists for the energy of tropical cyclones, except for the finite-size effects induced by the boundaries of the basins. This has important implications for the physics of tropical cyclones. We discuss up to what point tropical cyclones are related to critical phenomena (in the same way as earthquakes, rainfall, etc.), providing a consistent picture of the energy balance in the system. Moreover, this perspective allows one to visualize more clearly the effects of global warming on tropical-cyclone occurrence.
Corral, A
Scaling of Tropical-Cyclone Dissipation
The influence of climate variability and global warming on the occurrence of tropical cyclones (TC) is a controversial issue. Existing historical databases on the subject are not fully reliable, but a more fundamental hindrance is the lack of basic understanding regarding the intrinsic nature of tropical cyclone genesis and evolution. It is known that tropical cyclones involve more than a passive response to changing external forcing, but it is not clear which dynamic behaviour best describes them. Here we present a new approach based on the application of the power dissipation index (PDI), which constitutes an estimation of released energy, to individual tropical cyclones. A robust law emerges for the statistics of PDI, valid in four different ocean basins and over long time periods. In addition to suggesting a novel description of the physics of tropical cyclones in terms of critical phenomena, the law allows to quantify their response to changing climatic conditions, with an increase in the largest PDI val...
Osso, Albert; Llebot, J E
Special Issue: High Elevation Forests
Resources, Colorado State University William Ciesla, Aerial Survey Coordinator, U.S. Forest Service (retired material for homes. They also capture, purify, and release water for our use. Recent aerial surveys confirmSpecial Issue: High Elevation Forests 2008 The Health of Colorado's Forests Report #12;David A
Colorado Statewide Forest Resource Assessment
climate and slow-growing forests generally have prevented wood production from becoming a major state such as climate change, renewable energy, intense recreational use, billion dollar fire suppression costs and Implementation of Forest Management in Colorado #12;Acknowledgements The Colorado State Forest Service (CSFS
1974 FORESTER the world a
1974 FORESTER #12;#12;2 TREES make the world a better place in which to live! #12;TABLE OF CONTENTS . .... . .... . . . . . .....63 ADVERTISERS . . .. . . . . . .. ....... ....... .. 75 #12;FORESTER'S SALUTE TO DR. ERIC A. BOUROO. The Forester salutes Dean Bourdo for his accomplishments in advancing forestry at Michigan Tech, as a member
Research Report Forests and carbon
Research Report Forests and carbon: valuation, discounting and risk management #12;#12;Forests and carbon: valuation, discounting and risk management Gregory Valatin Forestry Commission: Edinburgh-0-85538-815-7 Valatin, G. (2010). Forests and carbon: valuation, discounting and risk management. Forestry Commission
Research Report Forests and carbon: a review of additionality #12;#12;Forests and carbon: a review. ISBN 978-0-85538-816-4 Valatin, G. (2011). Forests and carbon: a review of additionality. Forestry, baseline, carbon, climate change mitigation, forestry, quality assurance, sequestration. FCRP013/FC
Towards Ontological Foundations for Agent Modeling Concepts using
Abstract: Foundational ontologies provide the basic concepts upon which any domain-specific ontology is built. This paper presents a new foundational ontology, UFO, and shows how it can be used as a foundation of agent concepts and for evaluating agent-oriented modeling methods. UFO is derived from a synthesis of two other foundational ontologies, GFO/GOL and OntoClean/DOLCE. While their main areas of application are the natural sciences and linguistics/cognitive engineering, respectively, the main purpose of UFO is to provide a foundation for conceptual modeling, including agentoriented modeling. 1
Giancarlo Guizzardi; Gerd Wagner
Ground resistance of concrete foundations in substation yards
The reinforced concrete foundations in a substation yard have extensive reinforcing steel which is in metallic connection with the laid ground conductor. The foundations may contribute significantly to the dissipation of the fault and leakage currents. Simple to use equations and graphs are presented in this paper to determine the ground resistance of various types of foundations encountered in substation yards. The validity of the analytical approach has been verified with scale model tests. The ground resistance of the foundations estimated as suggested in the paper can be used to evaluate the role of the foundations as grounding element.
Thapar, B.; Ferrer, O. (Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT (USA)); Blank, D.A. (Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, OR (USA))
Population and conservation genomics of forest trees: seeing the forest for the trees
DB, Kremer A: Forest tree genomics: Growing resources andPopulation and conservation genomics of forest trees: seeingPopulation and conservation genomics of forest trees: seeing
Eckert, Andrew
NPP Boreal Forest: Superior National Forest, U.S.A.
Superior National Forest, U.S.A., 1983-1984 Superior National Forest, U.S.A., 1983-1984 Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Hall, F. G. 1997. NPP Boreal Forest: Superior National Forest, U.S.A., 1983-1984. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Productivity of a boreal forest was determined at 31 spruce and 30 aspen forest stands in the Superior National Forest (SNF) near Ely, Minnesota, U.S.A., in 1983 and 1984 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the ability of remote sensing to provide estimates of biophysical properties of ecosystems, such as leaf area index (LAI), biomass and net primary productivity (NPP). These ground-based estimates of above-ground biomass
Measure Guideline: Hybrid Foundation Insulation Retrofits
This measure guideline provides recommendations for designs and variations for retrofit hybrid assemblies in improving interior foundation insulation and water management of basements. Variations include closed cell spray foam (ccSPF) with membrane waterproofing or air gap membrane drainage layers, rigid board foam insulation at flat walls (cast concrete or CMU block), a 'partial drainage' detail making use of the bulk water drainage that occurs through the field of a rubble stone wall, and non-drained spray foam assemblies (including slab insulation).
Ueno, K.; Lstiburek, J.
Sandia National Laboratories: Research: Research Foundations: Nanodevices
Nanodevices and Microsystems Nanodevices and Microsystems Microsystems-enabled photovoltaics, also known as solar glitter To enable new and increasingly powerful macrosystem capabilities for critical national systems, the Nanodevices and Microsystems Research Foundation works to increase understanding of physical phenomena across the quantum- to microscale continuum, create novel nano- and microscale devices, achieve new methods of integration, and realize novel microsystems-based complex systems. Why our work matters Microelectronic circuits have a strong history of dramatically improving the performance, functionality, and reliability of national security platforms. Adding microscale sensors, photonics, and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) to such platforms enables even further improvements to ensure a more robust national security profile.
Cold climate foundation insulation retrofit performance
The effectiveness of foundation insulation retrofits in 15 Minnesota houses was evaluated using a before-after experimental method. Nine houses received interior retrofits; six, exterior retrofits. Foundation air leaks were sealed before the preretrofit heating season to control for inadvertent sealing during retrofit. Basement heating supply and return registers were closed in most houses for the 21-month monitoring period, and for all houses the basement was an uncontrolled zone without a thermostat. Homeowners recorded gas and electricity meter readings and furnace and water heater on-times weekly. A load vs. outdoor temperature was used to evaluate changes in energy use. The average whole-house energy savings for the interior and exterior cases were 92 and 24 therm per year, or 7.9% (range - 0.6% to 17.8%) and 3.0% (range -2.9% to 8.3%), respectively. Minimum payback periods for the interior and exterior cases were 12 and 37 years, respectively. For all houses the basement temperature increased between the pre- and post-retrofit periods, and all homeowners reported increased comfort in their basements. Average measured savings were about one-third of those predicted. The results show that the application of insulation in an uncontrolled zone produces highly variable results and has the principal effect of increasing the temperature and comfort of the basement rather than producing cost-effective whole-house energy savings.
Robinson, D.A. (Robinson Technical Services, St. Paul, MN (US)); Goldberg, L.F.; Shen, L.S. (Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (US)); Nelson, G.D. (Energy Conservatory, Minneapolis, MN (US)); Hewett, M.J. (Center for Energy and the Urban Environment, Minneapolis, MN (US)); Noble, M.T. (Natural Resources Corp., Minneapolis, MN (US))
Factors that can influence the onset time of rapid intensification of tropical cyclones
The maximum intensity of tropical cyclones in axisymmetricsea interaction theory for tropical cyclones. part i: Steady1995), Sensitivity of tropical cyclones to surface exchange
Bu, Yizhe
Experiments with a Spectral Tropical Cyclone Model
The three-layer balanced axisymmetric tropical cyclone model presented by Ooyama is generalized to dimensions and the resultant primitive equations are solved using the spectral (Galerkin) method with Fourier basis functions on a doubly-periodic ...
Mark DeMaria; Wayne H. Schubert
The Maximum Potential Intensity of Tropical Cyclones
A thermodynamic approach to estimating maximum potential intensity (MPI) of tropical cyclones is described and compared with observations and previous studies. The approach requires an atmospheric temperature sounding, SST, and surface pressure; ...
Greg J. Holland
Tropical Cyclone Lightning and Rapid Intensity Change
A large sample of Atlantic and eastern North Pacific tropical cyclone cases (2005–10) is used to investigate the relationships between lightning activity and intensity changes for storms over water. The lightning data are obtained from the ground-...
Mark DeMaria; Robert T. DeMaria; John A. Knaff; Debra Molenar
Dynamical Balances and Tropical Stratospheric Upwelling
The dynamical balances associated with upwelling in the tropical lower stratosphere are investigated based on climatological 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data. Zonal mean upwelling is calculated from momentum balance ...
William J. Randel; Rolando Garcia; Fei Wu
Midlevel ventilation's constraint on tropical cyclone intensity
Midlevel ventilation, or the flux of low-entropy air into the inner core of a tropical cyclone (TC), is a hypothesized mechanism by which environmental vertical wind shear can constrain a TC's intensity. An idealized ...
A Statistical Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Intensity
Cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of tropical cyclone wind speeds are calculated using best track data from the North Atlantic and western North Pacific basins. Wind speeds are normalized by theoretical potential wind speeds derived from ...
Kerry Emanuel
Momentum Transports Associated with Tropical Cyclone Recurvature
This study attempts to investigate the linear momentum budget responsible for tropical cyclone (TC) recurvature. Using the operational analyses from the U.K. Meteorological Office global model, the environmental flow associated with recurving TCs ...
Y. S. Li; Johnny C. L. Chan
Building Blocks of Tropical Diabatic Heating
Rotated EOF analyses are used to study the composition and variability of large-scale tropical diabatic heating profiles estimated from eight field campaigns. The results show that the profiles are composed of a pair of building blocks. These are ...
Samson Hagos
Interannual Variability of Northwest Australian Tropical Cyclones
Tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the southeast Indian Ocean has been studied far less than other TC basins, such as the North Atlantic and northwest Pacific. The authors examine the interannual TC variability of the northwest Australian (NWAUS)...
Kevin H. Goebbert; Lance M. Leslie
Tropical Squall Lines of the Arizona Monsoon
Squall lines possessing nearly all the characteristics of tropical squall lines occasionally develop during the summer monsoon over southern Arizona and northwestern Mexico. Initial thunderstorm formation is over the Continental Divide in the ...
Walter P. Smith; Robert L. Gall
Tropical Transition of the 2001 Australian Duck
In March 2001, a hybrid low pressure system, unofficially referred to as Donald (or the Duck), developed in the Tasman Sea under tropical–extratropical influence, making landfall on the southeastern Australian coast. Here, it is shown that ...
Luke Andrew Garde; Alexandre Bernardes Pezza; John Arthur Tristram Bye
On Climate Prediction in the Tropics
Climatic disasters are common in many tropical regions, and rainfall anomalies in particular have a severe human impact. Accordingly, both the World Climate Programme and the U.S. National Climate Program have identified climate prediction as a ...
Stefan Hastenrath
Tropical Atlantic Biases in CCSM4
This paper focuses on diagnosing biases in the seasonal climate of the tropical Atlantic in the twentieth-century simulation of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4). The biases appear in both atmospheric and oceanic components. ...
Semyon A. Grodsky; James A. Carton; Sumant Nigam; Yuko M. Okumura
Tropical Storm Formation in a Baroclinic Environment
An analysis is presented of the large-scale conditions associated with the initial development of Tropical Storm Diana (September 1984) in a baroclinic environment. Ordinary extratropical wave cyclogenesis began along an old frontal boundary east ...
Lance F. Bosart; Joseph A. Bartlo
Geostationary Doppler Radar and Tropical Cyclone Surveillance
The potential usefulness of spaceborne Doppler radar as a tropical cyclone observing tool is assessed by conducting a high-resolution simulation of an intense hurricane and generating synthetic observations of reflectivity and radial velocity. The ...
William E. Lewis; Eastwood Im; Simone Tanelli; Ziad Haddad; Gregory J. Tripoli; Eric A. Smith
Satellite Microwave Surface Observations in Tropical Cyclones
Sea surface estimates of local winds, waves, and rain-rate conditions are crucial to complement infrared/visible satellite images in estimating the strength of tropical cyclones (TCs). Satellite measurements at microwave frequencies are thus key ...
Yves Quilfen; Bertrand Chapron; Jean Tournadre
Tropical Cyclone Movement and Surrounding Flow Relationships
This paper presents results of a comprehensive study of the relationship between the movement of tropical cyclones and the large-scale circulation which surrounds them. Cyclones have been stratified by direction and speed of movement, latitude, ...
Johnny C. L. Chan; William M. Gray
Environmental Control of Tropical Cyclone Intensity
The influence of various environmental factors on tropical cyclone intensity is explored using a simple coupled ocean–atmosphere model. It is first demonstrated that this model is capable of accurately replicating the intensity evolution of ...
Kerry Emanuel; Christopher DesAutels; Christopher Holloway; Robert Korty
Environmental Factors Affecting Tropical Cyclone Power Dissipation
Revised estimates of kinetic energy production by tropical cyclones in the Atlantic and western North Pacific are presented. These show considerable variability on interannual-to-multidecadal time scales. In the Atlantic, variability on time ...
An Observational Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Recurvature
Data for 21 years (1957–77) of North Pacific rawinsondes were examined to investigate the interaction between the synoptic-scale circulation and tropical cyclones prior to, and during, the recurvature process. This study is believed to be the ...
Stephen Hodanish; William M. Gray
Quasi-balanced Dynamics in the Tropics
We propose a quasi-balance dynamical system of equations for slowly evolving, large-scale motions in the tropics. Unlike other balance schemes, equatorially trapped Kelvin waves are included. Following the lead of Gill, this system is based on ...
Duane E. Stevens; Hung-Chi Kuo; Wayne H. Schubert; Paul E. Ciesielski
Potential Vorticity Dynamics of Tropical Instability Vortices
Tropical instability vortices (TIVs) in the equatorial Pacific exhibit energetic horizontal and vertical circulation characterized by regions of high Rossby number and low Richardson number. Their strong anticyclonic vorticity and vertical shear ...
Ryan M. Holmes; Leif N. Thomas; LuAnne Thompson; David Darr
Tropical Convective Variability as 1/f Noise
Evidence is presented that the tropical convective variability behaves as 1/f noise for a 1–30-day period. This behavior is shown by analyzing the time series of convective available potential energy, which measures the degree of convective ...
Jun-Ichi Yano; Klaus Fraedrich; Richard Blender
Radiation Budget of the Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation
This study examines the relationship between precipitation and radiative heating on intraseasonal time scales in the Tropics using collocated top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and surface radiative flux measurements from special field program data [...
Jia-Lin Lin; Brian E. Mapes
Surface Radiation in the Tropical Pacific
Monthly surface radiative fluxes in the tropical Pacific between January 1970 and February 1978 have been calculated using a radiative transfer package which includes detailed treatments of the molecular and droplet absorptions and of the surface ...
Ming-Dah Chou
Adjoint Sensitivity and Predictability of Tropical Cyclogenesis
The sensitivity of tropical cyclogenesis and subsequent intensification is explored by applying small perturbations to the initial state in the presence of organized mesoscale convection and synoptic-scale forcing using the adjoint and tangent ...
James D. Doyle; Carolyn A. Reynolds; Clark Amerault; Jonathan Moskaitis
Lag Relationships Involving Tropical Sea Surface Temperatures
A long historical record (100 years) of monthly sea surface temperature anomalies from the Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set was used to examined the lag relationships between different locations in the global Tropics. Application of ...
John R. Lanzante
Raindrop Size Distribution Measurements in Tropical Cyclones
Characteristics of the raindrop size distribution in seven tropical cyclones have been studied through impact-type disdrometer measurements at three different sites during the 2004–06 Atlantic hurricane seasons. One of the cyclones has been ...
Ali Tokay; Paul G. Bashor; Emad Habib; Takis Kasparis
Nasa's Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes Experiment
In July 2005, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration investigated tropical cyclogenesis, hurricane structure, and intensity change in the eastern North Pacific and western Atlantic using its ER-2 high-altitude research aircraft. The ...
J. Halverson; M. Black; R. Rogers; S. Braun; G. Heymsfield; D. Cecil; M. Goodman; R. Hood; A. Heymsfield; T. Krishnamurti; G. McFarquhar; M. J. Mahoney; J. Molinari; J. Turk; C. Velden; D-L. Zhang; E. Zipser; R. Kakar
Inner Core Strength of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones
The evolution of the wind field beyond the radius of maximum winds is studied for 18 Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) with 989 research and reconnaissance flight legs. Inner core strength, defined as the storm relative mean tangential wind from ...
Mark Croxford; Gary M. Barnes
Tropical Thermostats and Low Cloud Cover
The ability of subtropical stratus low cloud cover to moderate or amplify the tropical response to climate forcing such as increased CO2 is considered. Cloud radiative forcing over the subtropics is parameterized using an empirical relation ...
R. L. Miller
Rapid Filamentation Zones in Intense Tropical Cyclones
Intense tropical cyclones often possess relatively little convection around their cores. In radar composites, this surrounding region is usually echo-free or contains light stratiform precipitation. While subsidence is typically quite pronounced ...
Christopher M. Rozoff; Wayne H. Schubert; Brian D. McNoldy; James P. Kossin
Thermodynamic Aspects of Tropical Cyclone Formation
The thermodynamic aspects of tropical cyclone (TC) formation near the center of the wave pouch, a region of approximately closed Lagrangian circulation within the wave critical layer, are examined through diagnoses of a high-resolution numerical ...
Zhuo Wang
The Thermal Structure of Tropical Easterly Waves
A procedure is introduced to derive a general balance condition for synoptic-scale disturbances in the tropics. The condition describes a balance between the mean pressure and momentum fields, and the pressure forcing by cumulus clouds. A simple ...
Han-Ruo Cho; Mary Ann Jenkins
A Numerical Investigation of Tropical Island Thunderstorms
A version of the United Kingdom Meteorological Office mesoscale weather prediction model is used to simulate cases of deep tropical convection from the Island Thunderstorm Experiment off the north coast of Australia. Selected cases contrast ...
B. W. Golding
Climatic Regimes of Tropical Convection and Rainfall
Annual distribution and phase propagation of tropical convection are delineated using harmonic and amplitude-phase characteristics analysis of climatological pentad mean outgoing longwave radiation and monthly frequencies of highly reflective ...
Bin Wang
Regional Differences in Tropical Lightning Distributions
Observations from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Optical Transient Detector (OTD) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)-based Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) are analyzed for variability between land and ocean, various ...
Dennis J. Boccippio; Steven J. Goodman; Stan Heckman
Method of determining forest production from remotely sensed forest parameters
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A method of determining forest production entirely from remotely sensed data in which remotely sensed multispectral scanner (MSS) data on forest 5 composition is combined with remotely sensed radar imaging data on forest stand biophysical parameters to provide a measure of forest production. A high correlation has been found to exist between the remotely sensed radar imaging data and on site measurements of biophysical 10 parameters such as stand height, diameter at breast height, total tree height, mean area per tree, and timber stand volume.
Corey, J.C.; Mackey, H.E. Jr.
Carbon emissions and sequestration in forests: Case studies from seven developing countries. Volume 1, Summary: Draft
Forests are a major source of carbon dioxide emissions in developing countries, in most cases far exceeding the emissions from the energy sector. To date, however, efforts at quantifying forestry emissions have produced a wide range of results. In order to assist policymakers in developing measures to reduce emissions` levels and to increase carbon sequestration, the Tropical Forest Research Network (F-7) has undertaken this effort to improve the precision of emissions estimates and to identify possible response options in the forestry sector. This paper summarizes the results of one component of this work. The Tropical Forest Research Network (F-7) was established in 1990 as part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change`s (IPCC) activities in examining growing emissions of greenhouse gases and their potential impact on the global climate. Unlike past methods, this study relied on a network of participants from developing countries to prepare estimates of carbon emissions. The participating countries -- Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico and Thailand -- currently represent an estimated two-thirds of the annual deforestation of closed moist forests. This study gives an estimate of 837 million tonnes of carbon emissions from deforestation and logging in the F-7 countries in 1990. A proportional projection of these estimates to the tropical biome shows that the total carbon emissions are between 1.1 and 1.7 billion tonnes of carbon, with a working average of 1.4 billion tonnes per year. This work also provides estimates of emissions and uptake from China, which past studies rarely have included. This summary will be followed by individual reports by each of the participating countries, which will include detailed evaluations of possible response options. Estimates for Nigeria are also under preparation.
Makundi, W.; Sathaye, J. [eds.; Cerutti, O.M.
Forests are a major source of carbon dioxide emissions in developing countries, in most cases far exceeding the emissions from the energy sector. To date, however, efforts at quantifying forestry emissions have produced a wide range of results. In order to assist policymakers in developing measures to reduce emissions' levels and to increase carbon sequestration, the Tropical Forest Research Network (F-7) has undertaken this effort to improve the precision of emissions estimates and to identify possible response options in the forestry sector. This paper summarizes the results of one component of this work. The Tropical Forest Research Network (F-7) was established in 1990 as part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) activities in examining growing emissions of greenhouse gases and their potential impact on the global climate. Unlike past methods, this study relied on a network of participants from developing countries to prepare estimates of carbon emissions. The participating countries -- Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico and Thailand -- currently represent an estimated two-thirds of the annual deforestation of closed moist forests. This study gives an estimate of 837 million tonnes of carbon emissions from deforestation and logging in the F-7 countries in 1990. A proportional projection of these estimates to the tropical biome shows that the total carbon emissions are between 1.1 and 1.7 billion tonnes of carbon, with a working average of 1.4 billion tonnes per year. This work also provides estimates of emissions and uptake from China, which past studies rarely have included. This summary will be followed by individual reports by each of the participating countries, which will include detailed evaluations of possible response options. Estimates for Nigeria are also under preparation.
Makundi, W.; Sathaye, J. (eds.); Cerutti, O.M.
NETL: News Release - Kentucky Research Foundation Signs $9 Million...
Will Make Commercial Use of Coal Combustion Byproduct WASHINGTON, DC - A team led by the University of Kentucky Research Foundation of Lexington, Ky., recently signed an agreement...
Foundation Analysis and Design (FAD) Tools Version 5.1
Foundation Analysis and Design (FAD) Tools is a software package that provides for the design of transmission line foundations for single pole structures (MFAD), H-frame structures (HFAD) and steel towers (TFAD). The FAD Tools software provides for the design of drilled shafts and direct embedded poles in soil and rock for single pole foundations (MFAD), and drilled shafts and direct embedded poles in soil and rock for H-frame foundations (HFAD) and drilled shafts for steel towers (TFAD). The software ha...
DOE Office of Indian Energy Foundational Course on Geothermal
DOE OFFICE OF INDIAN ENERGY Foundational Courses Renewable Energy Technologies GEOTHERMAL Presented by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Course Outline What we will cover......
News and Update: National Science Foundation Responds to ...
National Science Foundation Responds to Terrorist Assault with Emergency Research, .... the WTC and the response of hospitals and other emergency services.
Data Archive of the Harvard Forest, a Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Site
DOE Data Explorer (OSTI)
Since 1907 research and education have been the mission of the Harvard Forest is one of the oldest and most intensively studied forests in North America. Located in Petersham, Massachusetts, its 3000 acres of land have been a center of research and education since 1907. The Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program, established in 1988 and funded by the National Science Foundation, provides a framework for much of this activity. An understanding of forest responses to natural and human disturbance and environmental change over broad spatial and temporal scales pulls together research topics including biodiversity studies, the effects of invasive organisms, large experiments and permanent plot studies, historical and retrospective studies, soil nutrient dynamics, and plant population and community ecological interactions. Major research in forest-atmosphere exchange, hydrology, and regional studies places the work in regional and global context, aided by modeling tools. Conservation and management research and linkages to policy have been part of the Forest since its beginning, and the approaches used in New England can often apply to international studies. [Copied from http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/research.html] In addition to more than 150 datasets, the Visual Information Access system at Harvard University Library makes nearly 900 images pertaining to Harvard Forest research available online to the public.
In the Expert Meeting Plan, the NorthernSTAR Team proposed to host two Expert Meetings in calendar year 2011. Invitees to the meetings would include experts in the current field of study, other BA team members, and representatives from DOE and NREL. They will invite leading industry experts to present at these meetings. The Expert Meetings will focus on key systems areas that will be required to meet the Building America performance goals and shall be sufficiently narrow in scope that specific conclusions, action items, and delegation of future tasks can be identified and completed. The two expert meeting topics are 'Foundations' and 'Window Retrofit.' The first session is designed as a webinar only and the second will be a live meeting.
Ojczyk, C.; Huelman, P.; Carmody, J.
Information architecture. Volume 1, The foundations
The Information Management Planning and Architecture Coordinating Team was formed to establish an information architecture framework to meet DOE`s current and future information needs. This department- wide activity was initiated in accordance with the DOE Information Management Strategic Plan; it also supports the Departmental Strategic Plan. It recognizes recent changes in emphasis as reflected in OMB Circular A-130 and the Information Resources Management Planning Process Improvement Team recommendations. Sections of this document provides the foundation for establishing DOE`s Information Architecture: Background, Business Case (reduced duplication of effort, increased integration of activities, improved operational capabilities), Baseline (technology baseline currently in place within DOE), Vision (guiding principles for future DOE Information Architecture), Standards Process, Policy and Process Integration (describes relations between information architecture and business processes), and Next Steps. Following each section is a scenario. A glossary of terms is provided.
Sandia National Laboratories: Research: Research Foundations: Radiation
Radiation Effects and High Energy Density Science Radiation Effects and High Energy Density Science Rings of Saturn, Sandia's workhorse pulsed-power machine. The Radiation Effects and High Energy Density Science Research Foundation seeks to advance science and engineering in the areas of radiation effects sciences, high energy density science, and pulsed-power science and technology to address critical national security issues. Why our work matters We address several issues key to nuclear security and maintaining a safe, secure, and effective nuclear stockpile. For example, radiation effects science ensures that engineered systems are able to operate as intended in the radiation environments they encounter. In addition, high energy density science validates models that are used to certify the performance of the
NPP Boreal Forest: Jädraås, Sweden
low water storage capacity. Land use history in the region includes forest grazing, burning for crops and grazing, charcoal burning, tar-burning, logging and felling for paper...
Carbon emissions and sequestration in forests: Case studies from seven developing countries. Volume 3, India and China
Makundi, W.; Sathaye, J. [eds.] [Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States); Ravindranath, N.H.; Somashekhar, B.S.; Gadgil, M. [Indian Inst. of Science, Bangalore, (India). Center for Ecological Sciences and ASTRA; Deying, Xu [Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, (China). Research Inst. of Forestry
Species diversity and foundation species: Potential indicators of fisheries yields and marine ecosystem functioning.
kelp forest fishes in the Aleutian archipelago. Oecologia.kelp forest fishes in the Aleutian archipelago. Oecologia.
Bracken, Matthew E.S.; Bracken, B. E.; Rogers-Bennett, Laura Dr.
Tropical Cyclogenesis Factors in a Warming Climate
Understanding the underlying causes of tropical cyclone formation is crucial to predicting tropical cyclone behavior in a warming environment, given the Earth's current warming trend. This study examines two sets of simulations from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model version 3.1 (CAM3): one with aerosol forcings and one without. We looked at how four factors known to be important to tropical cyclone formation vary as carbon dioxde and the ensuing temperature changes increase to very high levels. These factors include Maximum Potential Intensity (MPI), mid-tropospheric moisture content, 200-850 mb vertical wind shear, and 850 mb absolute vorticity. We considered different representations of mid-tropospheric moisture by examining both relative humidity and chi, a non-dimensional measure of the saturation entropy deficit at 600 mb. We also looked at different combinations of these factors, including several variations of a Genesis Potential Index (GPI) and an incubation parameter, gamma, that is related to the length of time required to saturate the middle troposphere and aid tropical cyclogenesis. Higher MPI, lower saturation deficits and higher relative humidity, lower wind shear, and higher absolute vorticity all act to enhance the GPI and lower the incubation time, meaning larger environmental support for tropical cyclone development and intensification. In areas where tropical cyclone development is prevalent today, we found that shear generally decreased, but MPI decreased, absolute vorticity decreased, and the saturation deficit increases. Thus, in today's prevalent tropical cyclone regions, conditions become less favorable for development and intensification as the climate warms. On the other hand, genesis regions tend to push northward into the subtropics, as conditions become much more favorable for development up to ~40 degrees North due to both decreased wind shear and much higher MPI values.
Cathey, Stephen Christopher
Mosquito Control in the Forest Preserves
Control in the Forest Preserves Nature Bulletin No. 454-A April 22, 1972 Forest Preserve District of Cook County George W. Dunne, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of...
Honduras-Evaluation of Covelo Foundation DCA Guarantees | Open Energy
Honduras-Evaluation of Covelo Foundation DCA Guarantees Honduras-Evaluation of Covelo Foundation DCA Guarantees Jump to: navigation, search Name Honduras-Evaluation of Covelo Foundation DCA Guarantees Agency/Company /Organization U.S. Agency for International Development Sector Energy Topics Finance, Co-benefits assessment, Background analysis Website http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/ Country Honduras UN Region Latin America and the Caribbean References Honduras-Evaluation of Covelo Foundation DCA Guarantees[1] Background "This report presents findings and conclusions from an evaluation, carried out in March and April of 2009, of DCA guarantees used by the José Maria Covelo Foundation (FJMC) in Honduras. The evaluation sought to answer seven evaluation questions concerning the outputs, outcomes, and impact of the
Third Radiation Effects Research Foundation Board of Councilors Meeting
Third Radiation Effects Research Foundation Board of Councilors Third Radiation Effects Research Foundation Board of Councilors Meeting Held in Hiroshima Third Radiation Effects Research Foundation Board of Councilors Meeting Held in Hiroshima July 22, 2013 - 4:54pm Addthis Third Radiation Effects Research Foundation Board of Councilors Meeting Held in Hiroshima The third Board of Councilors (BOC) meeting was held on June 18-19 at the Hiroshima Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF), a bi-national U.S.-Japan research organization. The BOC is the highest decision-making body at RERF, consisting of eight Councilors elected from the United States and Japan. A total of 23 participants, including 8 Councilors from the United States and Japan and officials from the U.S. and Japanese Governments, were present at the meeting. The Office of Health, Safety and
Arizona Foundation Expands Weatherization Training Center | Department of
Arizona Foundation Expands Weatherization Training Center Arizona Foundation Expands Weatherization Training Center Arizona Foundation Expands Weatherization Training Center September 22, 2010 - 10:21am Addthis Stephen Graff Former Writer & editor for Energy Empowers, EERE To an outsider, Arizona's Foundation for Senior Living (FSL) probably sounds like an organization that deals just with retired folks. But a closer look reveals a more diverse organization. Not only does the 35-year-old nonprofit perform energy upgrades for low-income residents, but in Maricopa County and the Phoenix area it also trains a good part of the weatherization workforce to do that. Expanding building science Since 2004, more than 1,450 people have completed programs at the Foundation's weatherization training center. Now, because of Weatherization
Soil structure interaction for shrink-swell soils a new design procedure for foundation slabs on shrink-swell soils
Problems associated with shrink-swell soils are well known geotechnical problems that have been studied and researched by many geotechnical researchers for many decades. Potentially shrink-swell soils can be found almost anywhere in the world especially in the semi-arid regions of the tropical and temperate climate. Foundation slabs on grade on shrink-swell soils are one of the most efficient and inexpensive solutions for this kind of problematic soil. It is commonly used in residential foundations or any light weight structure on shrink-swell soils. Many design methods have been established for this specific problem such as Building Research Advisory Board (BRAB), Wire Reinforcement Institute (WRI), Post- Tensioning Institute (PTI), and Australian Standards (AS 2870) design methods. This research investigates most of these methods, and then, proposes a moisture diffusion soil volume change model, a soil-weather interaction model, and a soil-structure interaction model. The proposed moisture diffusion soil volume change model starts with proposing a new laboratory test to determine the coefficient of unsaturated diffusivity for intact soils. Then, it introduces the development of a cracked soil diffusion factor, provides a chart for it, and explains a large scale laboratory test that verifies the proposed moisture diffusion soil volume change model. The proposed soil-weather interaction model uses the FAO 56-PM method to simulate a weightless cover performance for six cities in the US that suffer significantly from shallow foundation problems on shrink-swell soils due to seasonal weather variations. These simulations provide more accurate weather site-specific parameters such as the range of surface suction variations. The proposed weather-site specific parameters will be input parameters to the soil structure models. The proposed soil-structure interaction model uses Mitchell (1979) equations for moisture diffusion under covered soil to develop a new closed form solution for the soil mound shape under the foundation slab. Then, it presents a parametric study by carrying out several 2D finite elements plane strain simulations for plates resting on a semiinfinite elastic continuum and resting on different soil mounds. The parametric study outcomes are then presented in design charts that end with a new design procedure for foundation slabs on shrink-swell soils. Finally, based on the developed weather-soil-structure interaction models, this research details two procedures of a proposed new design method for foundation slabs on grade on shrink-swell soils: a suction based design procedure and a water content based design procedure.
Abdelmalak, Remon Melek
Majoring in Forest Resources & Conservation University of Florida/IFAS School of Forest Resources & Conservation www.sfrc.ufl.edu ~ 352-846-0847 ~ email@example.com Protected Areas Management is for students interested in managing lands for conservation and restoration purposes, usually on lands owned
A Model for Transport across the Tropical Tropopause
A model of convective and advective transport across the tropical tropopause is described. In this model overshooting convective turrets inject dehydrated tropospheric air into a tropical "tropopause layer" (TTL) bounded approximately by the 50- ...
Steven C. Sherwood; Andrew E. Dessler
TRMM Radar Observations of Shallow Precipitation over the Tropical Oceans
Observations from the precipitation radar aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite provide the first opportunity to map vertical structure properties of rain over the entire Tropics and subtropics. Storm height histograms reveal a ...
David A. Short; Kenji Nakamura
Predicting Atlantic Basin Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Activity by 1 August
More than 90% of all seasonal Atlantic tropical cyclone activity typically occurs after 1 August. A strong predictive potential exists that allows seasonal forecasts of Atlantic basin tropical cyclone activity to be issued by 1 August, prior to ...
William M. Gray; Christopher W. Landsea; Paul W. Mielke Jr.; Kenneth J. Berry
Physical Characterization of Tropical Oceanic Convection Observed in KWAJEX
The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Kwajalein Experiment (KWAJEX) was designed to obtain an empirical physical characterization of precipitating convective clouds over the tropical ocean. Coordinated datasets were collected by three ...
Sandra E. Yuter; Robert A. Houze Jr.; Eric A. Smith; Thomas T. Wilheit; Edward Zipser
An Alternative Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecast Verification Technique
The National Hurricane Center (NHC) does not verify official or model forecasts if those forecasts call for a tropical cyclone to dissipate or if the real tropical cyclone dissipates. A new technique in which these forecasts are included in a ...
Sim D. Aberson
Improvements to the Operational Tropical Cyclone Wind Speed Probability Model
The National Hurricane Center Hurricane Probability Program, which estimated the probability of a tropical cyclone passing within a specific distance of a selected set of coastal stations, was replaced by the more general Tropical Cyclone Surface ...
Mark DeMaria; John A. Knaff; Michael J. Brennan; Daniel Brown; Richard D. Knabb; Robert T. DeMaria; Andrea Schumacher; Christopher A. Lauer; David P. Roberts; Charles R. Sampson; Pablo Santos; David Sharp; Katherine A. Winters
Aerosol Effects on Microstructure and Intensity of Tropical Cyclones
Improving the forecasts of the intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) remains a major challenge. One possibility for improvement is consideration of the effects that aerosols have on tropical clouds and cyclones. The authors have been pursuing this under ...
Daniel Rosenfeld; William L. Woodley; Alexander Khain; William R. Cotton; Gustavo Carrió; Isaac Ginis; Joseph H. Golden
The Influence of Tropical heating Displacements on the Extratropical Climate
The hypothesis is advanced that a latitudinal shift in the tropical convective heating pattern can significantly alter temperatures in the extratropics. Results of a simplified GCM show that the shift of a prescribed tropical heating toward the ...
Arthur Y. Hou
A Global Climatology of Baroclinically Influenced Tropical Cyclogenesis
Tropical cyclogenesis is generally considered to occur in regions devoid of baroclinic structures; however, an appreciable number of tropical cyclones (TCs) form in baroclinic environments each year. A global climatology of these baroclinically ...
Ron McTaggart-Cowan; Thomas J. Galarneau Jr.; Lance F. Bosart; Richard W. Moore; Olivia Martius
An Algorithm for Tracking Eyes of Tropical Cyclones
A tropical cyclone (TC) eye tracking (TCET) algorithm is presented in this study to objectively identify and track the eye and center of a tropical cyclone using radar reflectivity data. Twelve typhoon cases were studied for evaluating the TCET ...
Pao-Liang Chang; Ben Jong-Dao Jou; Jian Zhang
On the Origin of the Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation
This study provides an explanation for the origin of the tropical intraseasonal (40–50 day) oscillation (TIO) based on a simple generalization of Gill's linear analytic model for tropical large-scale heat-induced circulation. The solution, which ...
Winston C. Chao
A Bayesian Forecast Model of Australian Region Tropical Cyclone Formation
A new and potentially skillful seasonal forecast model of tropical cyclone formation [tropical cyclogenesis (TCG)] is developed for the Australian region. The model is based on Poisson regression using the Bayesian approach. Predictor combinations ...
Angelika Werner; Neil J. Holbrook
Estimating Rainfall in the Tropics Using the Fractional Time Raining
The relationship between the fractional time raining and tropical rainfall amount is investigated using raingage data and a point process model of tropical rainfall. Both the strength and the nature of the relationship are dependent upon the ...
Mark L. Morrissey; Witold F. Krajewski; Michael J. McPhaden
Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Rainbands to Ice-Phase Microphysics
A high-resolution tropical cyclone model with explicit cloud microphysics has been used to investigate the dynamics and energetics of tropical cyclone rainbands. As a first step, the model rainbands have been qualitatively compared with observed ...
Charmaine N. Franklin; Greg J. Holland; Peter T. May
Regional Variability in Tropical Convection: Observations from TRMM
Observation of the vertical profile of precipitation over the global Tropics is a key objective of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) because this information is central to obtaining vertical profiles of latent heating. This study ...
Walter A. Petersen; Steven A. Rutledge
On the size distribution of Atlantic tropical cyclones
The size of a tropical cyclone is known to vary considerably across storms, though little is understood about the environmental and internal factors that modulate it. Making use of newly available extended tropical cyclone ...
Emanuel, Kerry Andrew
Structure of Highly Sheared Tropical Storm Chantal during CAMEX-4
Tropical Storm Chantal during August 2001 was a storm that failed to intensify over the few days prior to making landfall on the Yucatan Peninsula. An observational study of Tropical Storm Chantal is presented using a diverse dataset including ...
G. M. Heymsfield; Joanne Simpson; J. Halverson; L. Tian; E. Ritchie; J. Molinari
On the Wave Spectrum Generated by Tropical Heating
Convective heating profiles are computed from one month of rainfall rate and cloud-top height measurements using global Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and infrared cloud-top products. Estimates of the tropical wave response to this heating ...
David A. Ortland; M. Joan Alexander; Alison W. Grimsdell
Intraseasonal Behavior of Clouds, Temperature, and Motion in the Tropics
The spectral character of tropical convection is investigated in an 11-yr record of outgoing longwave radiation from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer to identify interaction with the tropical circulation. Along the equator in the ...
Murry L. Salby; Harry H. Hendon
The Tropical Convective Spectrum. Part I: Archetypal Vertical Structures
A taxonomy of tropical convective and stratiform vertical structures is constructed through cluster analysis of 3 yr of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) "warm-season" (surface temperature greater than 10°C) precipitation radar (PR) ...
Dennis J. Boccippio; Walter A. Petersen; Daniel J. Cecil
Convective Precursors and Predictability in the Tropical Western Pacific
Conditions leading to convective outbreak in the Tropics are investigated by multivariate analysis of sounding and satellite data from the tropical western Pacific area. Circumstances that make the prediction problem difficult are discussed and ...
Steven C. Sherwood
Lagrangian Study of Tropical Instability Vortices in the Atlantic
Tropical instability waves and tropical instability vortices (TIVs) exert major controls on ocean dynamics, thermodynamics, and biology on intraseasonal to seasonal time scales. To understand the fundamental mechanisms at play, a Lagrangian ...
Pierre Dutrieux; Christophe E. Menkes; Jerome Vialard; Pierre Flament; Bruno Blanke
Tropical cyclone preparedness and response : opportunities for operations research
This thesis explores how operations research methods can be applied in the emergency response community by looking at two recent tropical storm disasters; tropical cyclone Yemyin in Pakistan, June 2007 and super typhoon ...
Murphy, Maurice D
Choosing a Boundary Layer Parameterization for Tropical Cyclone Modeling
The boundary layer in a tropical cyclone is in some respects unlike that elsewhere in the atmosphere. It is therefore necessary to evaluate boundary layer parameterizations for their suitability for use in tropical cyclone simulation. Previous ...
Jeffrey D. Kepert
Radar Signatures of Tropical Cyclone Tornadoes in Central North Carolina
During the tropical cyclone season of 2004, there were four tropical cyclones that spawned tornadoes in central North Carolina: Frances, Gaston, Ivan, and Jeanne. This study examines the environmental characteristics and radar signatures from ...
Douglas Schneider; Scott Sharp
Observational Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Formation Associated with Monsoon Gyres
Large-scale monsoon gyres and the involved tropical cyclone formation over the western North Pacific have been documented in previous studies. The aim of this study is to understand how monsoon gyres affect tropical cyclone formation. An ...
Liguang Wu; Huijun Zong; Jia Liang
Comments on "Reexamination of Tropical Cyclone Wind–Pressure Relationship"
In their study on the wind–pressure relationship (WPR) that exists in tropical cyclones, Knaff and Zehr presented results of the use of the Dvorak Atlantic WPR for estimating central pressure and maximum wind speed of tropical cyclones. These ...
Shyamnath Veerasamy
Sensitivity of Tropical Tropospheric Temperature to Sea Surface Temperature Forcing
During El Niño, there are substantial tropospheric temperature anomalies across the entire tropical belt associated with the warming of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the central and eastern Pacific. The quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation ...
Hui Su; J. David Neelin; Joyce E. Meyerson
A Technique for Combining Global Tropical Cyclone Best Track Data
Best track data generally consist of the positions and intensities during the life cycle of a tropical cyclone. Despite the widespread interest in the distribution, frequency, and intensity of tropical cyclones worldwide, no publicly available ...
Michael C. Kruk; Kenneth R. Knapp; David H. Levinson
ARM - Field Campaign - Year of Tropical Convection (YOTC)
govCampaignsYear of Tropical Convection (YOTC) govCampaignsYear of Tropical Convection (YOTC) Campaign Links Year of Tropical Convection Website Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send Campaign : Year of Tropical Convection (YOTC) 2008.05.01 - 2010.04.30 Lead Scientist : Sally McFarlane Description Example of a sonde profile available from the ARM Archive The realistic representation of tropical convection in global atmospheric models is a long-standing challenge for weather and global climate models. The lack of fundamental knowledge in this area causes difficulties in modeling and predicting prominent phenomena of the tropical atmosphere such as the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ), El-Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), monsoons, the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), tropical cyclones,
AMF Deployment, Black Forest, Germany
Germany Germany Black Forest Deployment AMF Home Black Forest Home Data Plots and Baseline Instruments CERA COPS Data University of Hohenheim COPS Website COPS Update, April 2009 Experiment Planning COPS Proposal Abstract and Related Campaigns Science Plan (PDF, 12.4M) Outreach COPS Backgrounder (PDF, 306K) Posters AMF Poster, German Vesion Researching Raindrops in the Black Forest News Campaign Images AMF Deployment, Black Forest, Germany Main Site: 48° 32' 24.18" N, 08° 23' 48.72" E Altitude: 511.43 meters In March 2007, the third deployment of the ARM Mobile Facility (AMF) will take place in the Black Forest region of Germany, where scientists will study rainfall resulting from atmospheric uplift (convection) in mountainous terrain, otherwise known as orographic precipitation. ARM
Simulations of the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones: Phasing between the Upper-Level Trough and Tropical Cyclones
Whether the tropical cyclone remnants will become a significant extratropical cyclone during the reintensification stage of extratropical transition is a complex problem because of the uncertainty in the tropical cyclone, the midlatitude ...
Elizabeth A. Ritchie; Russell L. Elsberry
Electrically Active Convection in Tropical Easterly Waves and Implications for Tropical Cyclogenesis in the Atlantic and East Pacific
In this study, the authors investigated the characteristics of tropical easterly wave convection and the possible implications of convective structure on tropical cyclogenesis and intensification over the Atlantic Ocean and the east Pacific Ocean. ...
Kenneth D. Leppert II; Walter A. Petersen; Daniel J. Cecil
Simulated Relationships between Sea Surface Temperatures and Tropical Convection in Climate Models and Their Implications for Tropical Cyclone Activity
The impact of enhanced atmospheric CO2 concentrations on tropical convection and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over the global tropics is assessed using five fully coupled atmospheric–oceanic general circulation models (AOGCMs). Relationships ...
Jenni L. Evans; Jeffrey J. Waters
Power-installed streetlight foundations lower substation construction costs
The Alabama Power Company's power-installed streetlight foundation (SLF) saves 85% of labor costs and is practical as well as economical. After several foundation designs were tried, the multi-helix proved best for swampy terrain. A test of substation structure support began with soil testing to locate any rock on the site. Standard tubular-steel structures with modified baseplates were used. A truck-mounted derrick proved better for installation than a drill rig. Slight corrosive currents are not expected to cause appreciable deterioration to the foundation. (DCK)
Beason, D.
Forest Carbon Portal | Open Energy Information
Forest Carbon Portal Forest Carbon Portal Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Forest Carbon Portal Agency/Company /Organization: United Nations Development Programme, United States Agency for International Development, United Kingdom Department for International Development, Forest Trends Sector: Land Focus Area: Forestry Topics: GHG inventory Resource Type: Lessons learned/best practices Website: www.forestcarbonportal.com/ Forest Carbon Portal Screenshot References: FCP[1] "Ecosystem Marketplace's Forest Carbon Portal is a clearinghouse of information, feature stories, event listings, project details, 'how-to' guides, news, and market analysis on forest-based carbon sequestration projects. Deforestation and land-use change are responsible for 17% of the
USDA Forest Products Laboratory | Open Energy Information
Forest Products Laboratory Forest Products Laboratory Jump to: navigation, search Name USDA Forest Products Laboratory Place Madison, WI Website http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/ References USDA Forest Products Laboratory [1] Information About Partnership with NREL Partnership with NREL Yes Partnership Type Test & Evaluation Partner Partnering Center within NREL Electricity Resources & Building Systems Integration LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! USDA Forest Products Laboratory is a company located in Madison, WI. References ↑ "USDA Forest Products Laboratory" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=USDA_Forest_Products_Laboratory&oldid=381741" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations Companies Organizations
Effect of Tropical Waves on the Tropical Tropopause Transition Layer Upwelling
An initial-value problem is employed with a GCM to investigate the role of the convectively driven Rossby and Kelvin waves for tropopause transition layer (TTL) upwelling in the tropics. The convective heating is mimicked with a prescribed ...
Jung-Hee Ryu; Sukyoung Lee
The residual mean circulation in the tropical tropopause layer driven by tropical waves
We use latent heating estimates derived from rainfall observations to construct model experiments that isolate equatorial waves forced by tropical convection from mid-latitude synoptic-scale waves. These experiments are used to demonstrate that ...
David A. Ortland; M. Joan Alexander
Dynamical Tropical Cyclone Track Forecast Errors. Part I: Tropical Region Error Sources
All highly erroneous (>300 n mi or 555 km at 72 h) Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) and U.S. Navy version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory model (GFDN) tropical cyclone track forecasts in the western ...
Lester E. Carr III; Russell L. Elsberry
Claes Hall Aracruz Celulose Sweden Sharon Haines International Paper United States Matti Karjula Stora; The World Bank, World Wildlife Fund; The Nature Conservancy; Aracruz Celulose; Forest and Paper Association
EOS, TRANSACTIONS, AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION Counting Atlantic Tropical
Climate variability and any resulting change in the characteristics of tropical cyclones (tropical storms, subtropical storms, and hurricanes) have become topics of great interest and research within the past 2 years [International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones, 2006]. An emerging focus is how the frequency of tropical cyclones has changed over time and whether any changes could be linked to anthropogenic global warming. The Atlantic is the one tropical cyclone basin that has quantitative records back to the midnineteenth century for the whole basin (i.e., North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico) [Jarvinen et al., 1984; Landsea et al.,
Cyclones Back To
Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Sea Surface Temperature
It is hypothesized that the effect of the SST on the intensity of tropical cyclones can be separated into two distinct contributions: one from the large-scale SST field that is in equilibrium with the atmosphere, and another one from a local ...
Lars R. Schade
Recent Advances in Tropical Climate Prediction
A review is given of the current status of long-range forecasting in the low latitudes. Promising leads have developed over the past five years in the seasonal forecasting for certain target regions of the Tropics. Various approaches are of ...
Radiative Forcing of Simulated Tropical Cloud Clusters
A number of field experiments and subsequent studies in the 1970s and 1980s have led to the belief that radiative processes play a more significant role in the evolution of tropical mesoscale convective systems (MCSS) than was once thought. In ...
Rosemary Auld Miller; William M. Frank
Rapid Intensification of a Sheared Tropical Storm
A weak tropical storm (Gabrielle in 2001) experienced a 22-hPa pressure fall in less than 3 h in the presence of 13 m s?1 ambient vertical wind shear. A convective cell developed downshear left of the center and moved cyclonically and inward to ...
John Molinari; David Vollaro
Tropical Cyclone Contribution to Rainfall over Australia
Tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall over the Australian continent is studied using observations from 41 TC seasons 1969/70 to 2009/10. A total of 318 storms, whose centers either crossed the coastline or were located within 500?km of the coast, are ...
Richard A. Dare; Noel E. Davidson; John L. McBride
Tropical Cyclone Tornadoes, 1950–2007
An expanded "climatology" of U.S. tropical cyclone (TC) tornadoes covering the period 1950–2007 is presented. A major climatology published in 1991 included data on 626 TC tornadoes. Since then, almost 1200 more TC tornado records have been ...
Lori A. Schultz; Daniel J. Cecil
The Interannual Variability of Tropical Cyclones
This paper examines the interannual variability of tropical cyclones in each of the earth's cyclone basins using data from 1985 to 2003. The data are first analyzed using a Monte Carlo technique to investigate the long-standing myth that the ...
William M. Frank; George S. Young
Heat Budget of Tropical Ocean and Atmosphere
Heat budget estimates for the global tropics are derived from recent calculations of the oceanic heat budget and satellite measurements of net radiation at the top of the atmosphere. Annual mean heat export from the zone 30°N–30°S amounts to 101 ...
Nonlinear Response to Anomalous Tropical Forcing
We have investigated the nonlinear steady-state response of a barotropic model to an estimate of the observed anomalous tropical divergence forcing for the El Niño winter of 1982/83. The 400 mb climatological flow was made a forced solution of ...
R. J. Haarsma; J. D. Opsteegh
The Implications of Tropical Rossby Waves for Tropical Tropopause Cirrus Formation and for the Equatorial Upwelling of the Brewer–Dobson Circulation
This study puts forward a mechanism for the observed upwelling in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. In this hypothesis, the tropical upwelling is driven by momentum transport by Rossby waves that are generated by tropical ...
Matthew T. Boehm; Sukyoung Lee
Georgia Cities Foundation - Green Communities Revolving Loan Fund (Georgia)
Georgia Cities Foundation - Green Communities Revolving Loan Fund Georgia Cities Foundation - Green Communities Revolving Loan Fund (Georgia) Georgia Cities Foundation - Green Communities Revolving Loan Fund (Georgia) < Back Eligibility Commercial Savings Category Heating & Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Heating Home Weatherization Commercial Weatherization Sealing Your Home Cooling Appliances & Electronics Construction Design & Remodeling Other Ventilation Heat Pumps Commercial Lighting Lighting Insulation Water Heating Solar Maximum Rebate $250,000 Program Info Funding Source Georgia Environmental Facilities Authority State Georgia Program Type State Loan Program Rebate Amount $10,000-$250,000 Provider Georgia Cities Foundation The Green Communities Fund is a revolving loan fund providing low-interest loans to businesses located within the city limits of any city in Georgia.
Research: US National Science Foundation: $19m security research programme
The US National Science Foundation (NSF) plans to set up a research programme for long-term solutions to computer security problems. The NSF - an independent federal agency that supports research and education in science and engineering - expects to ...
Terry Ernest-Jones
The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation | Open Energy Information
Place San Francisco, California Zip 94129-0910 Product Aims to improve the quality of life for future generations. References The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation1 LinkedIn...
Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Electricity Grid Basics
Watch the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy foundational course webinar on electricity grid basics by clicking on the .swf link below. You can also download the PowerPoint slides...
Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Assessing Energy Needs and Resources
Watch the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy foundational course webinar on Assessing Energy Needs and Resources by clicking on the .swf link below. You can also download the...
THE FOUNDATION, INC. THE ALLEN SHACKELFORD AIFD MEMORIAL SCHOLARSHIP FUND THE EULALAH OVERMEYER of an application for scholarship under The Allen Shackelford AIFD Memorial Scholarship Fund, The Eulalah Overmeyer
Schweik, Charles M.
Experimental determination of foundation properties without shaker tests
The foundation of a rotating machine can contribute to the dynamics of the system, and therefore it becomes essential to include the foundation in the model to predict the correct response of the system. The primary objective of this research is to develop and implement a method to extract foundation properties without resorting to shaker or impedance hammer testing. The method developed in this research uses the rotor vibration data and requires knowledge of bearing coefficients. The results for the foundation stiffness, damping and mass are much higher than the values extracted from impedance hammer tests at the bearing interface. Sources of errors include application of the excitation forces, measurement errors, accuracy of bearing coefficients and modal interaction between the pedestals. The concept of using fiber optic sensors to measure bearing forces is studied. Calibration and dynamic testing of the FFPI sensors is conducted. Results from this testing are encouraging and are in acceptable range of predicted values.
Sampathkumar, Varadharajan
Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Strategic Energy Planning
Watch the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy foundational course webinar on Strategic Energy Planning by clicking on the .swf link below. You can also download the PowerPoint slides...
American Clean Skies Foundation | OpenEI Community
American Clean Skies Foundation Home Graham7781's picture Submitted by Graham7781(1992) Super contributor 2 October, 2012 - 14:01 Nominations open for 250,000 Multimedia Clean...
14.74 Foundations of Development Policy, Spring 2004
Explores the foundations of policy making in developing countries. Goal is to spell out various policy options and to quantify the trade-offs between them. Special emphasis on education, health, gender, fertility, adoption ...
Duflo, Esther, 1972-
Coupled Site Characterization and Foundation Analysis Research Project
Analysis Research Project: Rational Selection of for Drained-Strength Bearing Capacity Analysis Manhattan Research Project: Rational Selection of for Drained-Strength Bearing Capacity Analysis Manhattan CollegeCoupled Site Characterization and Foundation Analysis Research Project: Rational Selection
Horvath, John S.
The Children's Investment Fund Foundation Feed | Open Energy Information
The Children's Investment Fund Foundation Feed The Children's Investment Fund Foundation Feed Jump to: navigation, search Home | About | Inventory | Partnerships | Capacity Building | Webinars | Reports | Events | News | List Serve CLEAN Member Feeds Center for Environment and National Security at Scripps Centro de EnergÃas Renovables (CER) The Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF) Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) Climate Technology Initiative (CTI) ClimateWorks Foundation Coalition for Rainforest Nations (CfRN) Ecofys Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) Energy Sector Management Assistance Program of the World Bank (ESMAP) Environment and Development Action in the Third World (ENDA-TM) German Aerospace Center (DLR) German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) Global Village Energy Partnership (GVEP)
A publication presented by the Electrical Safety Foundation International
presented by the Electrical Safety Foundation International presented by the Electrical Safety Foundation International A guide to understanding and maintaining your home's electrical system Should You Do-It-Yourself? Is a Permit or Inspection Required? How Much Energy Does My Home Use? How Does My Electrical System Work? What's Inside My Service Panel? What Kind of Wiring System is in My Home? Does My Home Have Grounded Outlets? What is a Tamper-Resistant Outlet? What is a GFCI? What is Energy Efficient Lighting? How Do I Clean Up a Broken CFL? Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5-6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Everything you need to know What's Inside? Electrical Safety Foundation International The Electrical Safety Foundation International (ESFI)
Colombia-US Forest Service Program | Open Energy Information
Colombia-US Forest Service Program Jump to: navigation, search Name Colombia-US Forest Service Program AgencyCompany Organization United States Forest Service Sector Land Focus...
Electrical Resistivity Imaging for Unknown Bridge Foundation Depth Determination
Unknown bridge foundations pose a significant safety risk due to stream scour and erosion. Records from older structures may be non-existent, incomplete, or incorrect. Nondestructive and inexpensive geophysical methods have been identified as suitable to investigate unknown bridge foundations. The objective of the present study is to apply advanced 2D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) in order to identify depth of unknown bridge foundations. A survey procedure is carried out in mixed terrain water and land environments with rough topography. A conventional resistivity survey procedure is used with the electrodes installed on the stream banks. However, some electrodes must be adapted for underwater use. Tests were conducted in one laboratory experimentation and at five field experimentations located at three roadway bridges, a geotechnical test site, and a railway bridge. The first experimentation was at the bridges with the smallest foundations, later working up in size to larger drilled shafts and spread footings. Both known to unknown foundations were investigated. The geotechnical test site is used as an experimental site for 2D and 3D ERI. The data acquisition is carried out along 2D profile with a linear array in the dipole-dipole configuration. The data collections have been carried out using electrodes deployed directly across smaller foundations. Electrodes are deployed in proximity to larger foundations to image them from the side. The 2D ERI can detect the presence of a bridge foundation but is unable to resolve its precise shape and depth. Increasing the spatial extent of the foundation permits better image of its shape and depth. Using electrode < 1 m to detect a slender foundation < 1 m in diameter is not feasible. The 2D ERI method that has been widely used for land surface surveys presently can be adapted effectively in water-covered environments. The method is the most appropriate geophysical method for determination of unknown bridge foundations. Fully 3D ERI method at bridge sites is labor intensive, time consuming, and does not add enough value over 2D ERI to make it worthwhile.
Arjwech, Rungroj
The multiple vortex nature of tropical cyclogenesis
This thesis contains an observational analysis of the genesis of Tropical Storm Allison (2001). Using a paradigm of tropical cyclone formation as the superposition of potential vorticity (PV) anomalies, the importance of different scales of PV merger to various aspects of Allison?s formation is discussed. While only the case of Allison is discussed in great detail, other studies have also documented PV superposition on various scales, and superposition could be important for most tropical cyclones. Preceding Allison?s genesis, PV superposition on the large scale destabilized the atmosphere and increased low-level cyclonic vorticity. This presented a more favorable environment for the formation of MCV-type PV anomalies and smaller, surface-based, meso-?-scale vortices. Although these vortices eventually merged to form a more concentrated vortex with stronger surface pressure gradients, the merger happened well after landfall of Allison and no strengthening ensued. The unstable, vorticity-rich environment was also favorable for the development of even smaller, meso-?-scale vortices that accompanied deep convective cells within one of Allison?s meso-?-scale vortices. The observations herein suggest that the meso-?- scale convective cells and vortices are the respective source of PV production and building blocks for the meso-?-scale vortices. Finally, this thesis discusses issues related to the multiple vortex nature of tropical cyclone formation. For instance, the tracking of developing tropical cyclones is greatly complicated by the presence of multiple vortices. For these cases, the paradigm of a single cyclone center is inappropriate and alternative tracking methods are introduced.
Sippel, Jason Allen
Laboratory Dynamos Professor Cary Forest
Dynamos Professor Cary Forest University of Wisconsin - Madison Wednesday, June 5, 2013 - 4:15PM MBG AUDITORIUM Refreshments at 4:00PM The PrinceTon Plasma Physics laboraTory is a...
Finding Tropical Cyclones on a Cloud Computing Cluster: Using Parallel Virtualization for Large-Scale Climate Simulation Analysis
Chang. Changes in Tropical Cyclone Number, Duration, andSimulation of Future Tropical Cyclone Statistics in a High-Finding Tropical Cyclones on a Cloud Computing Cluster:
Hasenkamp, Daren
Scaling Up Economic Instruments for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Conservation in the Tropics
Global conservation organizations are mainly consumers of expertise in economics. In this essay, I discuss the capacity gaps in economic analysis that prevent all conservation organizations from being more successful. This problem has some urgency because concern for climate change impacts has generated support for increased public investments to conserve natural systems in the tropics not seen since the Brundtland report (World Commission on Environment and Development 1987). Specific landscape management investments are widely recognized to be an efficient response to climate change mitigation and adaptation goals. Economic instruments that incorporate the costs of environmental externalities into private landuse decisions also hold great promise in guiding expansion of biofuel production, and avoiding irreversible losses from new infrastructure and commodity production (Chomitz 2007). Unfortunately, although great strides have been made in the theoretical and practical use of economic instruments for achieving environmental outcomes in tropical landscapes, there are not enough sufficiently trained people to guide or monitor the implementation of these policy tools inside public, private, and NGO-sector institutions in key developing countries (Bonine 2003). There are many more organic farming certifiers than people who know why a forest
Biodiversity; Keith Alger
Quantifying the biodiversity value of tropical primary, secondary, and plantation forests
and home-stead fields where animal manure was regularly applied. Carbon, N, lignin derived phenols and non-celulosic
Published online 11 February 2004 Concerted changes in tropical forest structure
- das de celulose. Para produzir essa celulose, são ne- cessários 127 metros cúbicos de madeira ou 924
Chave, Jérôme
Characterization of trapped lignin-degrading microbes in tropical forest soil
unamended beads after one and four weeks, suggesting that the lignin supported increased bacterial abundance. The microbial community was analyzed by small subunit 16S ribosomal RNA genes using microarray (PhyloChip) and by high-throughput amplicon pyrosequencing based on universal primers targeting bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic communities. Community trends were significantly affected by time and the presence of lignin on the beads. Lignin-amended beads have higher relative abundances of representatives from the phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria compared to unamended beads. This study suggests that in low and fluctuating redox soils, bacteria could play a role in anaerobic lignin decomposition.
DeAngelis, K.M.; Allgaier, M.; Chavarria, Y.; Fortney, J.L.; Hugenholz, P.; Simmons, B.; Sublette, K.; Silver, W.L.; Hazen, T.C.
Succession and management of tropical dry forests in the Americas: Review and new perspectives
Biologia Geral/CCBS, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil e Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil f Department of Environmental
Quesada Avendaño, Mauricio
A progress report on philanthropy of the UC Santa Cruz Foundation, 200708
ExxonMobil Foundation Norval and Mary Fairman Federal Republic of Germany Kenneth and Moira Feingold
California at Santa Cruz, University of
Highlighting High Performance: The Philip Merrill Environmental Center; Chesapeake Bay Foundation, Annapolis, Maryland
Case study on high performance building features of the Chesapeake Bay Foundation's Philip Merrill Environmental Center.
Not Available
Experiment to Characterize Tropical Cloud Systems
A major experiment to study tropical convective cloud systems and their impacts will take place around Darwin, Northern Australia in early 2006. The Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE) is a collaboration including the DOE ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement) and ARM-UAV programs, NASA centers, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, CSIRO, and universities in the USA, Australia, Japan, the UK, and Canada. TWP-ICE will be preceded in November/December 2004 by a collaborating European aircraft campaign involving the EU SCOUT-O3 and UK NERC ACTIVE projects. Detailed atmospheric measurements will be made in the Darwin area through the whole Austral summer, giving unprecedented coverage through the pre-monsoon and monsoon periods.
May, Peter T.; Mather, Jim H.; Jakob, Christian
Forest Service Special Use Authorization | Open Energy Information
Forest Service Special Use Authorization Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Reference Material: Forest Service Special Use Authorization Details...
Intersecting solitons, amoeba, and tropical geometry
We study the generic intersection (or web) of vortices with instantons inside, which is a 1/4 Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield state in the Higgs phase of five-dimensional N=1 supersymmetric U(N{sub C}) gauge theory on R{sub t}x(C*){sup 2}{approx_equal}R{sup 2,1}xT{sup 2} with N{sub F}=N{sub C} Higgs scalars in the fundamental representation. In the case of the Abelian-Higgs model (N{sub F}=N{sub C}=1), the intersecting vortex sheets can be beautifully understood in a mathematical framework of amoeba and tropical geometry, and we propose a dictionary relating solitons and gauge theory to amoeba and tropical geometry. A projective shape of vortex sheets is described by the amoeba. Vortex charge density is uniformly distributed among vortex sheets, and negative contribution to instanton charge density is understood as the complex Monge-Ampere measure with respect to a plurisubharmonic function on (C*){sup 2}. The Wilson loops in T{sup 2} are related with derivatives of the Ronkin function. The general form of the Kaehler potential and the asymptotic metric of the moduli space of a vortex loop are obtained as a by-product. Our discussion works generally in non-Abelian gauge theories, which suggests a non-Abelian generalization of the amoeba and tropical geometry.
Fujimori, Toshiaki [Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8551 (Japan); Nitta, Muneto [Department of Physics, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8521 (Japan); Ohta, Kazutoshi [Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578 (Japan); Sakai, Norisuke [Department of Mathematics, Tokyo Woman's Christian University, Tokyo 167-8585 (Japan); Yamazaki, Masahito [Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan)
Comparing simulations of three conceptually different forest models with National Forest Inventory data
Although they were originally introduced for different purposes, forest models are often used today for scenario development, which includes forest production as one aspect of forest development. However, studies using an independent data set to compare ... Keywords: Climate change, Ecosystem model, Forest growth, Increment, Sensitivity, Simulator
Markus O. Huber; Chris S. Eastaugh; Thomas Gschwantner; Hubert Hasenauer; Georg Kindermann; Thomas Ledermann; Manfred J. Lexer; Werner Rammer; Stefan SchöRghuber; Hubert Sterba
International Forest Policy Database | Open Energy Information
International Forest Policy Database International Forest Policy Database Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: International Forest Policy Database Agency/Company /Organization: GTZ Sector: Land Focus Area: Forestry Topics: Policies/deployment programs Resource Type: Dataset Website: www.etfrn.org/etfrn/topics/policy/index.html International Forest Policy Database Screenshot References: GTZ International Forest Policy Database[1] Overview "This topic page is being developed in cooperation with GTZ-IWP, the International Forest Policy project of the German organisation for international cooperation. GTZ-IWP has contributed considerably to the ETFRN NEWS 41/42 on national forest programmes. During this cooperation both GTZ and ETFRN identified a need for a central point of access to information on international forest
Global Forest Resource Assessment | Open Energy Information
Global Forest Resource Assessment Global Forest Resource Assessment Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Global Forest Resource Assessment Agency/Company /Organization: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Sector: Land Focus Area: Forestry Topics: Resource assessment Resource Type: Publications Website: www.fao.org/forestry/fra/fra2010/en/ Global Forest Resource Assessment Screenshot References: Global Forest Research Assessment[1] Overview "FAO, in cooperation with its member countries, has monitored the world's forests at 5 to 10 year intervals since 1946. These global assessments provide valuable information to policy-makers in countries, to international negotiations, arrangements and organizations related to forests and to the general public. The Global Forest Resources Assessment
Rainfall Observation from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Satellite
National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) successfully launched the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observatory at 06:27 (JST) on Nov. 28, 1997. The TRMM satellite carries the first spaceborne Precipitation Radar (PR) which was developed ... Keywords: Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES), El Niño, Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS), Precipitation Radar (PR), TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS), heavy rain, tropical cyclone
K. Hiroshima
Accounting for forest carbon pool dynamics in product carbon footprints: Challenges and opportunities
Modification and loss of forests due to natural and anthropogenic disturbance contribute an estimated 20% of annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide. Although forest carbon pool modeling rarely suggests a 'carbon neutral' flux profile, the life cycle assessment community and associated product carbon footprint protocols have struggled to account for the GHG emissions associated with forestry, specifically, and land use generally. Principally, this is due to underdeveloped linkages between life cycle inventory (LCI) modeling for wood and forest carbon modeling for a full range of forest types and harvest practices, as well as a lack of transparency in globalized forest supply chains. In this paper, through a comparative study of U.S. and Chinese coated freesheet paper, we develop the initial foundations for a methodology that rescales IPCC methods from the national to the product level, with reference to the approaches in three international product carbon footprint protocols. Due to differences in geographic origin of the wood fiber, the results for two scenarios are highly divergent. This suggests that both wood LCI models and the protocols need further development to capture the range of spatial and temporal dimensions for supply chains (and the associated land use change and modification) for specific product systems. The paper concludes by outlining opportunities to measure and reduce uncertainty in accounting for net emissions of biogenic carbon from forestland, where timber is harvested for consumer products. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Typical life cycle assessment practice for consumer products often excludes significant land use change emissions when estimating carbon footprints. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The article provides a methodology to rescale IPCC guidelines for product-level carbon footprints. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Life cycle inventories and product carbon footprint protocols need more comprehensive land use-related accounting. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Interdisciplinary collaboration linking the LCA and forest carbon modeling communities is necessary.
Newell, Joshua P., E-mail: email@example.com [School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (United States); Vos, Robert O., E-mail: email@example.com [Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California (United States)
National Science Foundation - Lake Hoare, Antarctica | Department of Energy
National Science Foundation - Lake Hoare, Antarctica National Science Foundation - Lake Hoare, Antarctica National Science Foundation - Lake Hoare, Antarctica October 7, 2013 - 9:57am Addthis Photo of a Photovoltaic System Located at Lake Hoare, Antarctica Lake Hoare is a scientific research site located in Antarctica. Research at this large field site is conducted all summer and requires an energy source that does not cause pollution or engine noise. The photovoltaic system (PV) that was installed at this site is 1.2 kW PV and was one of 10 PV systems purchased for use in Antarctica. Each system has eight 55 W panels that use a manual tracking system to optimize performance and provide power to the site. The system includes 1,000 amp-hours of deep-cycled gel batteries. The site operates all summer using only PV energy except for a three-day cloudy period when scientists
oil extraction in Ecuador, the appropriation and industrialization of herbal medicine in the forests of Belize, a critical history
Ocean Barrier Layers' Effect on Tropical Cyclone Intensification
Improving a tropical cyclone's forecast and mitigating its destructive potential requires knowledge of various environmental factors that influence the cyclone's path and intensity. Herein, using a combination of observations and model simulations, we systematically demonstrate that tropical cyclone intensification is significantly affected by salinity-induced barrier layers, which are 'quasi-permanent' features in the upper tropical oceans. When tropical cyclones pass over regions with barrier layers, the increased stratification and stability within the layer reduce storm-induced vertical mixing and sea surface temperature cooling. This causes an increase in enthalpy flux from the ocean to the atmosphere and, consequently, an intensification of tropical cyclones. On average, the tropical cyclone intensification rate is nearly 50% higher over regions with barrier layers, compared to regions without. Our finding, which underscores the importance of observing not only the upper-ocean thermal structure but also the salinity structure in deep tropical barrier layer regions, may be a key to more skillful predictions of tropical cyclone intensities through improved ocean state estimates and simulations of barrier layer processes. As the hydrological cycle responds to global warming, any associated changes in the barrier layer distribution must be considered in projecting future tropical cyclone activity.
Balaguru, Karthik; Chang, P.; Saravanan, R.; Leung, Lai-Yung R.; Xu, Zhao; Li, M.; Hsieh, J.
JPL Tropical Cyclone Information System Analysis Tool | Data...
JPL Tropical Cyclone Information System Analysis Tool Dataset Summary Description This tool will let you analyze data associated with a storm. You can plot histograms, maps, and...
This Numeric Data Package Brown, S., and G. Gaston. 1996. Tropical Africa: Land Use, Biomass, and Carbon Estimates For 1980. ORNLCDIAC-92, NDP-055. Carbon Dioxide Information...
Tropical anvil cirrus evolution from observations and numerical...
cirrus evolution from observations and numerical simulations Deng, Min University of Utah Mace, Gerald University of Utah Category: Modeling The tropical anvil cirrus formation...
Geographical Distribution of Biomass Carbon in Tropical Southeast...
APPENDIX A: REPRINT OF PERTINENT LITERATURE Brown, S., L. R. Iverson, A. Prasad, and D. Liu. 1993. Geographical distributions of carbon in biomass and soils of tropical Asian...
A Lagrangian Interpretation of 3D Tropical Cloud Structure: ...
the distributions requires further investigation, the implications are that TWP-Microbase retrieval would provide information about the tropical cloud water content for 2...
The Association of Tall Eyewall Convection with Tropical Cyclone Intensification .
??Despite decades of research, operational weather agencies still find it difficult to predict change in the intensity of a tropical cyclone's surface wind. This dissertation… (more)
Kelley, Owen A.
The effects of ocean eddies on tropical cyclones.
??The purpose of this study is to understand the interactions of tropical cyclones with ocean eddies. In particular we examine the influence of a cold-core… (more)
Miltenberger, Alexander Reid
RSS Feeds for Specific Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic...
RSS Feeds for Specific Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico (English) Agriculture Community Menu DATA APPS EVENTS DEVELOPER STATISTICS...
Genesis of Tropical Storm Eugene (2005) from Merging Vortices Associated with ITCZ Breakdowns. Part I: Observational and Modeling Analyses
Although tropical cyclogenesis occurs over all tropical warm ocean basins, the eastern Pacific appears to have the highest frequency of tropical cyclogenesis events per unit area. In this study, tropical cyclogenesis from merging mesoscale ...
Chanh Q. Kieu; Da-Lin Zhang
Role of Rossby Waves in the Remote Effects of the North Indian Ocean Tropical Disturbances
Remote effects due to the tropical disturbances in the north Indian Ocean are investigated by analyzing long-lasting (?5 days) tropical disturbances, which reached at least the strength of tropical storms. The present analysis is carried out for ...
J. V. Ratnam; S. K. Behera; Y. Masumoto; T. Yamagata
Differing Trends in the Tropical Surface Temperatures and Precipitation over Land and Oceans
In the past 50 years, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical latitudes have trended toward a warmer ocean state. As a response, tropical land surface temperatures, as well as tropical tropospheric temperatures (as manifested in the ...
Arun Kumar; Fanglin Yang; Lisa Goddard; Siegfried Schubert
The 30–60-Day Convection Seesaw between the Tropical Indian and Western Pacific Oceans
The tropical Indian and western Pacific oceans are two prominent action centers for tropical 30–60-day convective variability. When convection is enhanced over the equatorial Indian Ocean, the tropical western Pacific often experiences an ...
Baozhen Zhu; Bin Wang
2–3-Day Convective Variability in the Tropical Western Pacific
This paper is an examination of 2–3-day convective variability in the tropical Pacific region. The initial focus of the paper is on the western tropical Pacific during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response ...
Carol Anne Clayson; Brian Strahl; Jon Schrage
Tropical cyclone size in observations and in radiative-convective equilibrium
Tropical cyclone size remains an unsolved problem in tropical meteorology, yet size plays a significant role in the damage caused by tropical cyclones due to wind, storm surge, and inland freshwater flooding. This work ...
Chavas, Daniel Robert
Improving the Detection and Tracking of Tropical Cyclones in Atmospheric General Circulation Models
Dynamical seasonal forecasts of tropical storm frequency require robust and efficient algorithms for detection and tracking of tropical storms in atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). Tropical storms are generally detected when dynamic ...
Suzana J. Camargo; Stephen E. Zebiak
The Unusual Behavior and Precipitation Pattern Associated with Tropical Storm Ignacio (1997)
A case study of eastern North Pacific Tropical Storm Ignacio (1997), which brought rainfall to the southwestern United States as a tropical cyclone and to the northwestern United States as an extratropical cyclone, is presented. This tropical ...
Kimberly M. Wood; Elizabeth A. Ritchie
Tropical Plumes over Eastern North Africa as a Source of Rain in the Middle East
Tropical plumes (TPs) reflect tropical–extratropical interaction associated with the transport of moisture from the Tropics to extratropical latitudes. They are observed in satellite images as continuous narrow cloud bands ahead of upper-level ...
Shira Rubin; Baruch Ziv; Nathan Paldor
The Impact of Observational Technology on Climate Database Quality: Tropical Cyclones in the Tasman Sea
The recorded climatology of tropical cyclones that affect the Tasman Sea spans the period from 1911 to the present. This climatology is a subset of the much larger Australian Tropical Cyclone database, which is the official record of all tropical ...
Bruce W. Buckley; Lance M. Leslie; Milton S. Speer
Environmental Conditions Prior to Formation of a Midget Tropical Cyclone during TCM-93
During a 10-day period in the Tropical Cyclone Motion (TCM-93) field experiment over the tropical western North Pacific, tropical cyclone formation occurred in association with persistent deep convection that was observed over low-level, north-...
Patrick A. Harr; Michael S. Kalafsky; Russell L. Elsberry
Global Distribution of Hot Towers in Tropical Cyclones Based on 11-Yr TRMM Data
Global distribution of hot towers in tropical cyclones (TCs) is statistically quantified using an 11-yr Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Tropical Cyclone Precipitation Feature (TCPF) database. From 6003 individual TRMM overpasses of 869 ...
Cheng Tao; Haiyan Jiang
Extratropical Transition of Southwest Pacific Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Climatology and Mean Structure Changes
A database of tropical cyclone best track and intensity information for the southwest Pacific Ocean basin is used to construct a 28-year climatology for tropical cyclones that move into middle latitudes. Of the nine or so tropical cyclones that ...
Mark R. Sinclair
SDPISustainable Development Policy Institute Pakistan Forest
#12;SDPISustainable Development Policy Institute Quarterly Pakistan Forest Digest Vol. 01, No. 02 Development Policy Institute Pakistan Forest Digest ii Vol. 1, No. 2, July  September 2010 Quarterly Pakistan Board Dr. Urs Geiser Zurich University, Switzerland Dr. Mamoona Wali Muhammad Pakistan Forest Institute
Richner, Heinz
#12;SDPISustainable Development Policy Institute Quarterly Pakistan Forest Digest Vol. 01, No. 01 Development Policy Institute Pakistan Forest Digest iii Vol. 1, No. 1, April  June 2010 Quarterly Pakistan Forest Digest Vol. 01, No. 01 ISBN: 2218-8045 April  June 2010 Contents P. No Introductions: Pakistan
Effect of ocean mesoscale variability on the mean state of tropical Atlantic climate
J. J. Antonov, 2002: World Ocean Atlas 2001: Objectiveand variability in tropical ocean regions. Clim. Dynm. , 18,air-sea fluxes for Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled-
Seo, H; Jochum, M; Murtugudde, R; Miller, A J
Forest Conservation Act (Maryland) | Department of Energy
Forest Conservation Act (Maryland) Forest Conservation Act (Maryland) Forest Conservation Act (Maryland) < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Construction Developer Fed. Government Fuel Distributor Industrial Installer/Contractor Investor-Owned Utility Local Government Municipal/Public Utility Nonprofit Retail Supplier Rural Electric Cooperative State/Provincial Govt Systems Integrator Transportation Tribal Government Utility Savings Category Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Buying & Making Electricity Water Home Weatherization Solar Wind Program Info State Maryland Program Type Environmental Regulations Siting and Permitting Provider Maryland Department of Natural Resources The main purpose of Maryland's Forest Conservation Act is to minimize the loss of Maryland's forest resources during land development by making the
Enhanced Raw Materials Forest Products Environmental Influences on Wood Chemistry and Density of Populus and Loblolly
of Sterility in Forest Trees................................................................................................... 2
Hq Program Managers
Vietnam Education Foundation U.S. FACULTY SCHOLAR PROGRAM
Vietnam Education Foundation U.S. FACULTY SCHOLAR PROGRAM ***** CALL FOR PROPOSALS For the 2013 Cohort For Academic Year 2013-2014 #12;2 | P a g e U . S . F a c u l t y S c h o l a r P r o g r a m f o .......................................................................................... 14 14. Timeline for 2013 Cohort for AY 2013
Reisslein, Martin
Using a Foundational Ontology for Reengineering a Software Enterprise Ontology
The knowledge about software organizations is considerably relevant to software engineers. The use of a common vocabulary for representing the useful knowledge about software organizations involved in software projects is important for several reasons, ... Keywords: Enterprise Ontology, Foundational Ontology, Ontology Reengineering
Monalessa Perini Barcellos; Ricardo Almeida Falbo
Exemplary documents: a foundation for information retrieval design
Exemplary documents: a foundation for information retrieval design David C. Blair a,*, Steven O 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Information, or document, retrieval retrieval systems are often rapidly Information Processing and Management 38 (2002) 363±379 www
Kimbrough, Steven Orla
Fan Foundation Systems--Analysis and Design Guidelines
Dynamic analysis is the most effective tool for determining the root causes of excessive fan vibration. This study demonstrated the importance of using such analysis in conjunction with a "total systems" approach that considers how the properties of all major fan system components, including foundation, piles, and soil conditions, contribute to vibration.
Foundation Heat Exchanger Model and Design Tool Development and Validation
. Feasibility of foundation heat exchangers in ground source heat pump systems in the United States. ASHRAE systems, with an estimated 1.7 million installed units with total installed heating capacity on the order Heat Exchangers for Residential Ground Source Heat Pump Systems - Numerical Modeling and Experimental
Web Development and Design Foundations with XHTML, 5th edition
Using Hands-On Practice exercises and Web Site Case Studies to motivate readers, Web Development and Design Foundations with XHTML includes all the necessary lessons to guide students in developing highly effective Web sites. A well-rounded balance of ...
Terry Felke-Morris
Coupled Site Characterization and Foundation Analysis Research Project: Further Research into the Rational Selection of for Bearing Capacity Analysis under Drained-Strength Conditions Manhattan College Research Report No. CE/GE-00-3 by John S. Horvath, Ph.D., P.E. Professor of Civil Engineering Manhattan
Sustainable Forest Finance Toolkit | Open Energy Information
Sustainable Forest Finance Toolkit Sustainable Forest Finance Toolkit Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Sustainable Forest Finance Toolkit Agency/Company /Organization: World Business Council for Sustainable Development Sector: Land Focus Area: Forestry Topics: Finance Resource Type: Guide/manual Website: www.pwc.co.uk/pdf/forest_finance_toolkit.pdf Sustainable Forest Finance Toolkit Screenshot References: Sustainable Forest Finance Toolkit[1] Overview "This Toolkit has been developed jointly by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). It is a globally applicable resource designed to help financial institutions support the management of forest resources through sustainable and legal timber production and processing, and markets for carbon and other
The Dynamics and Predictability of Tropical Cyclones
Through methodology unique for tropical cyclones in peer-reviewed literature, this study explores how the dynamics of moist convection affects the predictability of tropical cyclogenesis. Mesoscale models are used to perform short-range ensemble forecasts of a non-developing disturbance in 2004 and Hurricane Humberto in 2007; both of these cases were highly unpredictable. Taking advantage of discrepancies between ensemble members in short-range ensemble forecasts, statistical correlation is used to pinpoint sources of error in forecasts of tropical cyclone formation and intensification. Despite significant differences in methodology, storm environment and development, it is found in both situations that high convective instability (CAPE) and mid-level moisture are two of the most important factors for genesis. In the gulf low, differences in CAPE are related to variance in quasi-geostrophic lift, and in Humberto the differences are related to the degree of interaction between the cyclone and a nearby front. Regardless of the source of CAPE variance, higher CAPE and mid-level moisture combine to yield more active initial convection and more numerous and strong vortical hot towers (VHTs), which incrementally contribute to a stronger vortex. In both cases, strength differences between ensemble members are further amplified by differences in convection that are related to oceanic heat fluxes. Eventually the WISHE mechanism results in even larger ensemble spread, and in the case of Humberto, uncertainty related to the time of landfall drives spread even higher. It is also shown that initial condition differences much smaller than current analysis error can ultimately control whether or not a tropical cyclone forms. Furthermore, even smaller differences govern how the initial vortex is built. Differences in maximum winds and/or vorticity vary nonlinearly with initial condition differences and depend on the timing and intensity of small mesoscale features such as VHTs and cold pools. Finally, the strong sensitivity to initial condition differences in both cases exemplifies the inherent uncertainties in hurricane intensity prediction. This study illustrates the need for implementing advanced data analysis schemes and ensemble prediction systems to provide more accurate and event-dependent probabilistic forecasts.
Sippel, Jason A.
ASSOCIATIONS OF TUNA WITH FLOTSAM IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC PAUL R. GREENBLA'IT' ABSTRACT The fishing record for flotsam-associated tuna in the eastern tropical Pacific was examined. The rivers of in an area indicates that unassociated tuna and flotsam-associated tuna are related. The number of sets made
Assessing the Skill of Operational Atlantic Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Forecasts
Since 1984, W. Gray of Colorado State University and a team of researchers have been issuing seasonal tropical cyclone forecasts for the North Atlantic Ocean. Prior to this, little work had been done in the area of long-term tropical cyclone ...
Brian F. Owens; Christopher W. Landsea
Midlevel Ventilation's Constraint on Tropical Cyclone Intensity
Midlevel ventilation, or the flux of low-entropy air into the inner core of a tropical cyclone (TC), is a hypothesized mechanism by which environmental vertical wind shear can constrain a tropical cyclone's intensity. An idealized framework based ...
The Direct Response to Tropical Heating in a Baroclinic Atmosphere
The global response to tropical heating is studied by performing a time integration of a 15-level primitive equation model, starting with a basic flow maintained by a constant forcing. The direct, quasi-steady response to the tropical heating is ...
Feifei Jin; Brian J. Hoskins
Statistical modelling of tropical cyclone tracks: modelling cyclone lysis
We describe results from the fifth stage of a project to build a statistical model of tropical cyclone tracks. The previous stages considered genesis and the shape of tracks. We now consider in more detail how to represent the lysis (death) of tropical cyclones. Improving the lysis model turns out to bring a significant improvement to the track model overall.
Hall, T; Hall, Tim; Jewson, Stephen
Automatic tropical cyclone eye fix using genetic algorithm
Tropical cyclones (TCs) are weather systems with vast destructive power. To forecast TC tracks, forecasters need to locate their circulation centers, or eyes. This eye fix process is often done manually in practice. Since subjective elements are involved ... Keywords: Genetic algorithm, Meteorological computing, Tropical cyclone eye fix, Weather forecasting, Weather system modeling
Ka Yan Wong; Chi Lap Yip; Ping Wah Li
A Rapid Loss Index for Tropical Cyclone Disasters in China
Disaster emergency response needs rapid estimation on disaster loss. In China it is of great importance to develop a loss index for rapidly assessing tropical cyclone (TC) disaster loss. In this paper, a new composite loss index for TC landing on China ... Keywords: Tropical Cyclone, Disaster, Loss Index, Rapid Loss Assessment
Ying Li; Weihua Fang
A Tropical "NAT-like" belt observed from space
The optical properties of cold tropical tropopause clouds are examined on a global scale, using two years of space-borne lidar observations from CALIPSO (June 2006 ? May 2008). The linear depolarization ratio, color ratio and backscatter signal are analyzed in tropical clouds colder than 200 K in a way similar to recent studies of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs). It is found that the three categories of particles encountered in PSC (Ice, Sulfate Ternary Solutions or STS, and Nitric Acid Trihydrate or NAT) do also occur in tropical cold cloud layers. Particles with optical properties similar to NAT are few, but they cover the tropical belt and represent about 20% of cold cloud tropical particles. The optical behavior of these particles requires them to be small, non-spherical, optically thin, and persistent in the TTL at temperatures colder than 200 K; NAT particles and very small ice crystals meet these criteria.
Chepfer, Hélène; 10.1029/2008GL036289
The Energy Department Prepares for Tropical Storm Karen | Department of
The Energy Department Prepares for Tropical Storm Karen The Energy Department Prepares for Tropical Storm Karen The Energy Department Prepares for Tropical Storm Karen October 4, 2013 - 3:00pm Addthis Marissa Newhall Marissa Newhall Managing Editor, Energy.gov What does this mean for me? Follow the latest news on Tropical Storm Karen by visiting the FEMA blog. Stay up-to-date on energy delivery impacts by reading twice-daily situation reports from the Energy Department. Visit ready.gov for more information about emergency preparedness. Editor's note: As of Monday, October 7, 2013, Energy Department reporting about Tropical Storm Karen has concluded, and no additional situation reports will be posted. The Department of Energy (DOE) is working closely with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and in support of state and local
A Technique for Estimating Recurrence Intervals of Tropical Cyclone-Related High Winds in the Tropics: Results for Guam
The authors develop a technique that applies models of the radial profile of the wind in tropical cyclones to historical best-track databases of tropical cyclones, in order to estimate the wind (at 1-h intervals) experienced at any selected ...
John A. Rupp; Mark A. Lander
Prediction and Diagnosis of Tropical Cyclone Formation in an NWP System. Part II: A Diagnosis of Tropical Cyclone Chris Formation
This is the second of a three-part investigation into tropical cyclone (TC) genesis in the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's Tropical Cyclone Limited Area Prediction System (TC-LAPS). The primary TC-LAPS vortex enhancement mechanism (convergence/...
K. J. Tory; M. T. Montgomery; N. E. Davidson; J. D. Kepert
Climatic regimes of tropical convection and rainfall
Annual distribution and phase propagation of tropical convection are delineated using harmonic and amplitude-phase characteristics analysis of climatological pentad mean outgoing longwave radiation and monthly frequencies of highly reflective cloud. An annual eastward propagation of peak rainy season along the equator from the central Indian Ocean (60[degrees]E) to Arafura Sea (130[degrees]E) is revealed. This indicates a transition from the withdrawal of the Indian summer monsoon to the onset of the Australian summer monsoon. Significant bimodal variations are found around major summer monsoon regions. These variations originate from the interference of two adjacent regimes. The convergence zones over the eastern North Pacific, the South Pacific, and the southwest Indian Ocean are identified as a marine monsoon regime that is characterized by a unimodal variation with a concentrated summer rainfall associated with the development of surface westerlies equatorward of a monsoon trough. Conversely, the central North Pacific and North Atlantic convergence zones between persistent northeast and southeast trades are classified as trade-wind convergence zones; which differ from the marine monsoon regime by their persistent rainy season and characteristic bimodal variation with peak rainy seasons occurring in late spring and fall. The roles of the annual march of sea surface temperature in the phase propagation and formation of various climatic regimes of tropical convection are also discussed. 34 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.
Wang, Bin (Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (United States))
Business Case Slide 3: DU Uses R&D Program Foundation
DU Uses R&D Program Foundation Previous Slide Next Slide Table of Contents DU Uses R&D Program Foundation Based on DU materials use "roadmap" developed by DOE and lab staff from...
WPF Programmer's Reference: Windows Presentation Foundation with C# 2010 and .NET 4, 1st edition
Build effective user interfaces with Windows Presentation Foundation Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) is included with the Windows operating system and provides a programming model for building applications that provide a clear separation between ...
Rod Stephens
U.S. Department of Energy and the Automotive X PRIZE Foundation...
the Automotive X PRIZE Foundation to Promote Clean, Energy-Efficient Vehicles U.S. Department of Energy and the Automotive X PRIZE Foundation to Promote Clean, Energy-Efficient...
SunShot Initiative: Solar Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency
Solar Foundational Program to Solar Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency to someone by E-mail Share SunShot Initiative: Solar Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency on Facebook Tweet about SunShot Initiative: Solar Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency on Twitter Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Solar Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency on Google Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Solar Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency on Delicious Rank SunShot Initiative: Solar Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency on Digg Find More places to share SunShot Initiative: Solar Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency on AddThis.com... Concentrating Solar Power Photovoltaics Research & Development Competitive Awards Diversity in Science and Technology Advances National Clean Energy
NPP Boreal Forest: Schefferville, Canada
Schefferville, Canada, 1974 Schefferville, Canada, 1974 Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Rencz, A. N., and A. N. D. Auclair. 2001. NPP Boreal Forest: Schefferville, Canada, 1974. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Biomass and nutrient content of a boreal ecosystem (subarctic lichen woodland) was determined at Schefferville, Canada, during the 1974 growing season. The main objective was to describe a "typical" lichen woodland, a vegetation type found in the transitional zone between boreal forest and tundra on well-drained, nutrient-poor podzolic soils. Such areas are occupied sparsely by black spruce trees (Picea mariana) with low growth
NPP Boreal Forest: Mississagi, Canada
Mississagi, Canada, 1970-1973 Mississagi, Canada, 1970-1973 Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Morrison, I. K., and N. W. Foster. 2001. NPP Boreal Forest: Mississagi, Canada, 1970-1973. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Biomass and nutrient content of different vegetation components and soil were determined for a 30-year old pine forest in northern Ontario, Canada, and a detailed nutrient budget published. The 30-year old stand was compared with nearby 20-year old and 65-year old stands, all of which were growing on a glaciofluvial flat. Net primary productivity (NPP) was not directly estimated, but data exist on above-ground tree growth and litterfall.
Towards ontological foundations for agent modelling concepts using the unified fundational ontology (UFO)
Foundational ontologies provide the basic concepts upon which any domain-specific ontology is built. This paper presents a new foundational ontology, UFO, and shows how it can be used as a foundation of agent concepts and for evaluating agent-oriented ...
Synthetic nanotubes lay foundation for new technology: Artificial pores
Synthetic nanotubes lay foundation for new technology: Artificial pores Synthetic nanotubes lay foundation for new technology: Artificial pores mimic key features of natural pores By Tona Kunz * July 17, 2012 Tweet EmailPrint Scientists have overcome key design hurdles to expand the potential uses of nanopores and nanotubes. The creation of smart nanotubes with selective mass transport opens up a wider range of applications for water purification, chemical separation and fighting disease. Nanopores and their rolled up version, nanotubes, consist of atoms bonded to each other in a hexagonal pattern to create an array of nanometer-scale openings or channels. This structure creates a filter that can be sized to select which molecules and ions pass into drinking water or into a cell. The same filter technique can limit the release of chemical by-products
Foundation for Offshore Wind Energy | Open Energy Information
Offshore Wind Energy Offshore Wind Energy Jump to: navigation, search Name Foundation for Offshore Wind Energy Place Varel, Germany Zip D-26316 Sector Wind energy Product Foundation established to operate the 60MW Borkum West Offshore Wind Farm. Coordinates 53.393773°, 8.13759° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":53.393773,"lon":8.13759,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Northern New Mexico College Foundation honors LANL's Richard Marquez with
Rich Marquez honored with leadership, service award Rich Marquez honored with leadership, service award LANL's Richard Marquez honored with leadership, service award Northern New Mexico College Foundation honors LANL's Richard Marquez. October 4, 2012 Rich Marquez Rich Marquez, LANL Executive Director Contact Steve Sandoval Communications Office (505) 665-9206 Email Barcelo said Marquez has "dedicated his career and personal life to the advancement of educational and economic opportunities for Northern New Mexico." Northern New Mexico College Foundation honors LANL's Richard Marquez with leadership, service award LOS ALAMOS, NEW MEXICO, October 5, 2012-Los Alamos National Laboratory Executive Director Richard Marquez is the namesake for a new leadership and service award at Northern New Mexico College (NNMC) in Española.
Superior National Forest Project/Campaign Document
Superior National Forest Project/Campaign Document Superior National Forest Project/Campaign Document Summary: This project was an intensive remote sensing and field study of the boreal forest in the Superior National Forest (SNF). The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the ability of remote-sensing data to provide estimates of biophysical properties of ecosystems, such as leaf area index (LAI), biomass, and net primary productivity (NPP). The SNF is mostly covered by boreal forest. Boreal forests were chosen for this project because of their relative taxonomic simplicity, their great extent, and their potential sensitivity to climatic change. Information on the SNF project is available by accessing the SNF pages maintained by the ORNL DAAC at http://daac.ornl.govSNF/summary.html. Table of Contents:
Governance of Forests Initiative | Open Energy Information
Forests Initiative Forests Initiative Jump to: navigation, search Name Governance of Forests Initiative Agency/Company /Organization World Resources Institute Sector Land Focus Area Forestry Topics Implementation, Policies/deployment programs Resource Type Lessons learned/best practices Website http://www.wri.org/project/gov Country Brazil, Indonesia UN Region Latin America and the Caribbean References WRI-Forests [1] Overview "The Governance of Forests Initiative (GFI) is a collaboration between WRI, the Instituto do Homem e Meio Ambiente da Amazonia (IMAZON), and the Instituto Centro de Vida (ICV) to develop a framework of indicators for assessing and improving governance in the forest sector, as an essential precursor to debating whether and how to unleash market forces to
Wild Life Restoration in the Forest Preserves
Life Restoration in the Forest Preserves Life Restoration in the Forest Preserves Nature Bulletin No. 613 October 15, 1960 Forest Preserve District of Cook County Daniel Ryan, President Roberts Mann, Conservation Editor David H. Thompson, Senior Naturalist WILD LIFE RESTORATION IN THE FOREST PRESERVES The wealth of wildlife in the Cook County forest preserves rivals that in any of the other 101 Illinois counties, in spite of the fact that over half of the state's people are crowded within its boundaries. The large variety of birds, mammals and other animal life now in this county is possible largely because the Forest Preserve District protects their natural habitats, including many that have been restored. These include timbered rolling uplands, wooded stream valleys, prairie remnants, sand flats, marshes, and a hundred bodies of water. Protection, for as much as forty years, against fire, hunting, trapping and other destruction has allowed the natural comeback of these habitats and the build-up of wildlife populations.
Time and Entropy in the Foundations of Mechanics
This contribution analyses the classical laws of motion by means of an approach relating time and entropy. We argue that adopting the notion of change of states as opposed to the usual derivation of Newton's laws in terms of fields a broader picture is obtained, suggesting that diverse branches of physics- classical, quantum, relativistic and statistical mechanics - turn out to be related by a common foundation.
R Assumpcao
Cold Climate Foundation Retrofit Energy Savings: The Simulated Energy and Experimental Hygrothermal Performance of Cold Climate Foundation Wall Insulation Retrofit Measures -- Phase I, Energy Simulation
A split simulation whole building energy/3-dimensional earth contact model (termed the BUFETS/EnergyPlus Model or BEM) capable of modeling the full range of foundation systems found in the target retrofit housing stock has been extensively tested. These foundation systems that include abovegrade foundation walls, diabatic floors or slabs as well as lookout or walkout walls, currently cannot be modeled within BEopt.
Goldberg, L. F.; Steigauf, B.
Tropical Determinant of Integer Doubly-Stochastic Matrices
Let D(m,n) be the set of all the integer points in the m-dilate of the Birkhoff polytope of doubly-stochastic n by n matrices. In this paper we find the sharp upper bound on the tropical determinant over the set D(m,n). We define a version of the tropical determinant where the maximum over all the transversals in a matrix is replaced with the minimum and then find the sharp lower bound on thus defined tropical determinant over D(m,n).
Dinitz, Thomas; Soprunova, Jenya
Tropical forestry practices for carbon sequestration
Carbon sequestration through forestry has the potential to play a significant role in ameliorating global environmental problems such as atmospheric accumulation of GHG's and climate change. This chapter provides an overview of various aspects related to carbon sequestration through forestry. It describes the main concepts of carbon fixation; the trends in global environmental policy are discussed; different forestry practices are listed; examples of existing projects are given; and finally, a case study of a carbon sequestration project in Malaysia is described. The paper also discusses issues related to the quantification of carbon sequestration potential of different forestry options. This section was included with the intention of specifically highlighting some problems related to commercial transactions for carbon sequestration. Key words: carbon sequestration, CO2 offset, tropical forestry, dipterocarps.
Pedro Moura-costa; Innoprise-face Foundation
APPENDIX C Colorado Statewide Forest Resource Assessment Protect Forests From Harm
on insect and disease activity in the state. Because the current aerial survey is conducted by different1 APPENDIX C Â Colorado Statewide Forest Resource Assessment Data Gaps Protect Forests From Harm o. Need updated LANDFIRE data on the current condition of Colorado's lodgepole pine forests. Need a fuel
China's forest products trade falls nearly 18% China's forest products trade falls nearly 18%
China's forest products trade falls nearly 18% China's forest products trade falls nearly 18% 11/08/2009 - 09:05 According to China's latest Customs statistics, foreign trade of China's forest products in the first five months showed a year-on-year general downturn. The total value of foreign trade of China
Scientists Classify Forest Disturbances to Grow Understanding...
Scientists Classify Forest Disturbances to Grow Understanding of Climate Change Daniel Hayes, shown here outside of Nome, Alaska, traveled to the Arctic in June to study climate...
Christian veneer dryer: Forest products fact sheet
Fact sheet written for the Inventions and Innovation Program about a new closed rotary drum dryer for the forest products industry.
Machine Learning Benchmarks and Random Forest Regression
Machine Learning Benchmarks and Random Forest Regressionerror on a suite of benchmark datasets. As the basethe Machine Learning Benchmark Problems package; see http://
Segal, Mark R
Black Forest Partners | Open Energy Information
Partners Jump to: navigation, search Name Black Forest Partners Place San Francisco, California Zip 94111 Product San Francisco-based project developer focused on building...
Discriminant Random Forest (DRF) Classification Methodology
Jupiter Laser Facility. ... State-of-the-art methodologies that perform this type of classification include Support Vector Machines, Neural Networks, and Random Forest.
Forest Carbon Partnership Facility | Open Energy Information
Forest Carbon Partnership Facility Forest Carbon Partnership Facility Jump to: navigation, search Logo: Forest Carbon Partnership Facility Name Forest Carbon Partnership Facility Agency/Company /Organization World Bank Sector Land Focus Area Forestry Topics Co-benefits assessment, Finance Resource Type Lessons learned/best practices, Training materials Website http://www.forestcarbonpartner Country Argentina, Bolivia, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Democratic Republic of Congo, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, Kenya, Laos, Laos, Liberia, Madagascar, Mexico, Moldova, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Republic of the Congo, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, Vanuatu, Vietnam
The ENSO Teleconnection to the Tropical Atlantic Ocean: Contributions of the Remote and Local SSTs to Rainfall Variability in the Tropical Americas
Recent developments in Tropical Atlantic Variability (TAV) identify the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) as one of the leading factors in the interannual climate variability of the basin. An ENSO event results in Tropic-wide anomalies in the ...
Alessandra Giannini; John C. H. Chiang; Mark A. Cane; Yochanan Kushnir; Richard Seager
Florida Solar Energy Research and Education Foundation FlaSEREF | Open
and Education Foundation FlaSEREF and Education Foundation FlaSEREF Jump to: navigation, search Name Florida Solar Energy Research and Education Foundation (FlaSEREF) Place Florida Zip 34429 Sector Solar Product A non-profit organisation formed to foster the knowledge and use of solar energy in Florida. References Florida Solar Energy Research and Education Foundation (FlaSEREF)[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Florida Solar Energy Research and Education Foundation (FlaSEREF) is a company located in Florida . References ↑ "Florida Solar Energy Research and Education Foundation (FlaSEREF)" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Florida_Solar_Energy_Research_and_Education_Foundation_FlaSEREF&oldid=345426
A Design-Builder's Perspective: Anaerobic Digestion, Forest County...
A Design-Builder's Perspective: Anaerobic Digestion, Forest County Potawatomi Community - A Case Study A Design-Builder's Perspective: Anaerobic Digestion, Forest County Potawatomi...
??The holistic, landscape-based approach of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) in the United States emphasizes the importance of addressing three components of forest management: ecology, community,… (more)
Baumflek, Michelle
Nature climate change features Los Alamos forest research
Nature climate change features forest research Nature climate change features Los Alamos forest research The print issue features as its cover story the tree-stress research of...
Regulation and Moral Hazard in Forest Concessions in Brazil
and Forest Concessions in Brazil. Planejamento e Políticaswelfare maximization in Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: IPEA, 1998.in Forest Concessions in Brazil Eduardo A. Tillmann MS.
Balbinotto Neto, Giácomo; Tillmann, Eduardo A; Ratnieks, Ianes
EIS-0442: Forest Service Reauthorization of Transmission Lines...
Utah and Nebraska for Routine Maintenance Practices including Changes in Vegetation Management EIS-0442: Forest Service Reauthorization of Transmission Lines on Forest Service...
Community-Based Forest (Natural) Resource Management: A Path...
Based Forest (Natural) Resource Management: A Path to Sustainable Environment and Development Jump to: navigation, search Name Community-Based Forest (Natural) Resource Management:...
EIS-0045: Coal Conversion Program, Continental Forest Industries...
45: Coal Conversion Program, Continental Forest Industries, Combustors 1,2, and 3, Port Wentworth, Chatham County, Georgia EIS-0045: Coal Conversion Program, Continental Forest...
Before the House Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests and...
Parks, Forests and Public Lands - Committee on Natural Resources Before the House Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests and Public Lands - Committee on Natural Resources Before...
Properties of tropical convection observed by ARM millimeter-radars
Properties of tropical convection observed by ARM millimeter-radars Properties of tropical convection observed by ARM millimeter-radars Haynes, John Colorado State University Stephens, Graeme Colorado State University Category: Cloud Properties The results of an analysis of tropical cloud systems observed from a variety of vertically pointing radar systems are described. In particular, observations taken during five years of operation of the ARM millimeter wavelength radar system (MMCR) at Manus Island in the Tropical West Pacific region are characterized into cloud classes according to the radar reflectivity structures of these cloud systems, associated rainfall, and surface radiative properties. These observations of cloud properties are composited with respect to various phases of the Madden Julian Oscillation, which is a dominant mode of variability at Manus Island. A method of better
Lunty Tropical Fish Aquaculture Low Temperature Geothermal Facility | Open
Lunty Tropical Fish Aquaculture Low Temperature Geothermal Facility Lunty Tropical Fish Aquaculture Low Temperature Geothermal Facility Jump to: navigation, search Name Lunty Tropical Fish Aquaculture Low Temperature Geothermal Facility Facility Lunty Tropical Fish Sector Geothermal energy Type Aquaculture Location Buhl, Idaho Coordinates 42.5990714°, -114.7594946° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[]}
Tropical Cyclone Motion. A Comparison of Theory and Observation
The analytic predictions of tropical cyclone motion by Holland are shown to be in very good agreement with observations in the Australian southwest Pacific region. These results indicate that a combined linear asymmetric advection and divergence ...
Observational Undersampling in Tropical Cyclones and Implications for Estimated Intensity
The maximum surface wind speed is an important parameter for tropical cyclone operational analysis and forecasting, since it defines the intensity of a cyclone. Operational forecast centers typically refer the wind speed to a maximum 1- or 10-min ...
Eric W. Uhlhorn; David S. Nolan
Monsoonal Interactions Leading to Sudden Tropical Cyclone Track Changes
Sudden poleward track changes of tropical cyclones embedded in monsoon gyres in the western North Pacific are documented. During these track changes, which are generally not well forecast, the cyclones are often accompanied by a separate comma-...
Propagating and Standing Components of the Intraseasonal Oscillationin Tropical Convection
Two questions related to the intraseasonal variability of tropical convection and circulation remain controversial. 1) To what degree is the convective component of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) a standing oscillation? 2) Is the eastward ...
Chidong Zhang; Harry H. Hendon
A Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA)
The tropical Atlantic Ocean is characterized by a large seasonal cycle around which there are climatically significant interannual and decadal timescale variations. The most pronounced of these interannual variations are equatorial warm events, ...
Jacques Servain; Antonio J. Busalacchi; Michael J. McPhaden; Antonio D. Moura; Gilles Reverdin; Marcio Vianna; Stephen E. Zebiak
Interior Communication from the Subtropical to the Tropical Oceans
The communication from the subtropical gyre interior to the Tropics is examined using wind stress datasets and results from an ocean data assimilation system. It is shown that the interior communication can be clarified by a simple interior mass ...
Rui Xin Huang; Qi Wang
Momentum Flux by Lines of Cumulonimbus over the Tropical Oceans
Examination of aircraft and rawinsonde data gathered in nine tropical mesoscale convective line cases indicates that all but two lines systematically increased front-to-rear momentum at heights greater than about 4 km, and rear-to-front momentum ...
Margaret A. LeMone; Gary M. Barnes; Edward J. Zipser
An Assessment Of Atmospheric Water Budget Components Over Tropical Oceans
Balancing global moisture budgets is a difficult task that is even more challenging at regional scales. Atmospheric water budgets components are investigated within five tropical (15°S, 15°N) ocean regions, including the Indian Ocean, three ...
Paula J. Brown; Christian D. Kummerow
Tropical Cyclone Tracking Using a Neighbor Enclosed Area Tracking Algorithm
Tropical cyclone (TC) tracking is essential for calculating TC statistics from gridded datasets. A new method for TC tracking is presented here using neighbor enclosed area tracking (NEAT), which is based on the temporal overlap of enclosed areas ...
Yuya Satake; Masaru Inatsu; Masato Mori; Akira Hasegawa
Tropical Storm Development and Decay: Sensitivity to Surface Boundary Conditions
Hurricane models have rarely been used to investigate the observational fact that tropical disturbances seldom form, develop, or intensify over land. Furthermore, rather ad hoc assumptions have been made when modeling landfall. The general ...
Robert E. Tuleya
El Niño and Tropical Pacific Ocean Surface Temperatures
The spatial and temporal character of El Niño is explored with analyses of tropical Pacific Ocean surface temperatures for the period 1957–76. The data are derived from approximately 5×106 marine weather reports. Maps are illustrated which ...
Bryan C. Weare
Probabilistic Prediction of Tropical Cyclones. Part II: Intensity
A new objective aid for operational probabilistic intensity (defined as maximum wind speed) prediction of tropical cyclones is presented. Based on statistical analyses of the performance of all operationally available numerical models (using ...
Harry C. Weber
Probabilistic Prediction of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Position
A new objective aid for operational prediction of the positions of tropical cyclones is presented. Its method is based on a simple analysis of the performance of all operationally available numerical models during a training period. In a ...
Origin of Lapse Rate Changes in the Upper Tropical Troposphere
Vertical motions in clouds arise from a variety of thermodynamic processes, including latent heat release, evaporative cooling, melting, and cloud radiative heating. In the Tropics, the net upward vertical mass flux from convective systems should ...
Ian Folkins
Topographic Effects on the Tropical Land and Sea Breeze
The effect of an inland plateau on the tropical sea breeze is considered in terms of idealized numerical experiments, with a particular emphasis on offshore effects. The sea breeze is modeled as the response to an oscillating interior heat source ...
Tingting Qian; Craig C. Epifanio; Fuqing Zhang
CISK or WISHE as the Mechanism for Tropical Cyclone Intensification
Examination of conditional instability of the second kind (CISK) and wind-induced surface heat exchange (WISHE), two proposed mechanisms for tropical cyclone and polar low intensification, suggests that the sensitivity of the intensification rate ...
George C. Craig; Suzanne L. Gray
The Mesoscale Dynamics of Thin Tropical Tropopause Cirrus
Thin cirrus clouds in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) are warmed through the absorption of infrared radiation. The response of the cloud and the surrounding atmosphere to this thermal forcing is investigated through linear theory and ...
Dale R. Durran; Tra Dinh; Marie Ammerman; Thomas Ackerman
Temperature Fields in the Tropical Tropopause Transition Layer
There has been increasing recognition of the role of the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) in determining stratospheric water vapor concentrations—the TTL being a layer of transition between air showing tropospheric properties below and ...
Xue Long Zhou; Marvin A. Geller; Minghua Zhang
A Generalization of Gill's Heat-Induced Tropical Circulation
In this note, the local solution of Gill for the symmetric and the antisymmetric heat sources and sinks is extended to the entire global tropical belt by the authors. The symmetric and antisymmetric heating forced solutions of the motion field ...
Z. Zhang; T. N. Krishnamurti
Nonlinearity of the Extratropical Response to Tropical Forcing
A primitive equations dry atmospheric model is used to investigate the atmospheric response to a tropical diabatic forcing pattern and explore how the atmospheric response changes as a function of the amplitude of the forcing. The forcing anomaly ...
Hai Lin; Jacques Derome
A New Assessment of the Predictability of Tropical Cyclone Tracks
The inherent predictability of tropical cyclone tracks has received much attention since the 1980s. It is still an issue because of the recent improvement of track forecasts by numerical models. The aim of this study is to assess this ...
Matthieu Plu
A New Parametric Tropical Cyclone Tangential Wind Profile Model
A new parametric tropical cyclone (TC) wind profile model is presented for depicting representative surface pressure profiles corresponding to multiple-maxima wind profiles that exhibit single-, dual-, and triple-maximum concentric-eyewall wind ...
Vincent T. Wood; Luther W. White; Hugh E. Willoughby; David P. Jorgensen
Observed Evolution of Tropical Deep Convective Events and Their Environment
Using a compositing technique, the temporal progression of tropical convective systems and the mean atmospheric state in their vicinity is constructed from a time series of geostationary satellite and operational rawinsonde data. The technique ...
Steven C. Sherwood; Ralph Wahrlich
An Extended Model for the Potential Intensity of Tropical Cyclones
Emanuel's theory of hurricane potential intensity (E-PI) makes use of the assumption that slantwise convective instability vanishes in a steady-state vortex of a tropical cyclone. In the framework of an extended mathematical potential intensity ...
Thomas Frisius; Daria Schönemann
A Simplified Dynamical System for Tropical Cyclone Intensity Prediction
A simplified dynamical system for tropical cyclone intensity prediction based on a logistic growth equation (LGE) is developed. The time tendency of the maximum sustained surface winds is proportional to the sum of two terms: a growth term and a ...
Mark DeMaria
The Influence of Solar Forcing on Tropical Circulation
The response of the seasonal tropical circulation to an 11-yr solar cycle forcing is studied with the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) ModelE, which includes fully interactive atmospheric chemistry. To identify characteristic solar ...
Jae N. Lee; Drew T. Shindell; Sultan Hameed
Climatology of Tropical System Rainfall on the Eastern Corn Belt
This study examines the frequency of greater than 2.54 cm (1 in) daily rainfall totals averaged within a climate division (CD) associated with tropical systems that moved through the Eastern Corn Belt region during the growing season. These ...
Alex Haberlie; Kari Gale; David Changnon; Mike Tannura
Surface Winds from Tropical Pacific Islands—Climatological Statistics
Multidecadal time series of surface wind observations from tropical Pacific islands have been examined in order to investigate the space and time scales of variability. Climatological monthly means and variances are compared with comparable means ...
D. E. Harrison; D. S. Luther
Multidecadal Variability in North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity
Recent increases in Atlantic basin tropical cyclone activity since 1995 and the associated destructive U.S. landfall events in 2004 and 2005 have generated considerable interest into why there has been such a sharp upturn. Natural variability, ...
Philip J. Klotzbach; William M. Gray
Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Intensity and ENSO
The influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on tropical cyclone intensity in the western North Pacific basin is examined. Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE), constructed from the best-track dataset for the region for the period 1950–...
Suzana J. Camargo; Adam H. Sobel
Tropical Cyclone Inner-Core Kinetic Energy Evolution
Tropical cyclone (TC) destructive potential is highly dependent on the distribution of the surface wind field. To gain a better understanding of wind structure evolution, TC 0–200-km wind fields from aircraft reconnaissance flight-level data are ...
Katherine S. Maclay; Mark DeMaria; Thomas H. Vonder Haar
The Response of Tropical Atmospheric Energy Budgets to ENSO
The variability of zonally resolved tropical energy budgets in association with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is investigated. The most recent global atmospheric reanalyses from 1979 to 2011 are employed with removal of apparent ...
Michael Mayer; Kevin E. Trenberth; Leopold Haimberger; John T. Fasullo