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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
NREL: Photovoltaics Research - Standards Development
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
NREL's Photovoltaic (PV) Engineering group supports the development of national and international standards for PV engineering. Current standards lack specifics on how to...
Solar photovoltaics for development applications
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
This document introduces photovoltaic technology to individuals and groups specializing in development activities. Examples of actual installations illustrate the many services supplied by photovoltaic systems in development applications, including water pumping, lighting, health care, refrigeration, communications, and a variety of productive uses. The various aspects of the technology are explored to help potential users evaluate whether photovoltaics can assist them in achieving their organizational goals. Basic system design, financing techniques, and the importance of infrastructure are included, along with additional sources of information and major US photovoltaic system suppliers.
Shepperd, L.W. [Florida Solar Energy Center, Cape Canaveral, FL (United States)] [Florida Solar Energy Center, Cape Canaveral, FL (United States); Richards, E.H. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)] [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Photovoltaic technology development at Sandia National Laboratories
SciTech Connect
This report describes the following investigations being pursued under photovoltaic technology development at Sandia National Laboratories: photovoltaic systems technology; concentrator technology; concentrator arrays and tracking structures; concentrator solar cell development; system engineering; subsystem development; and test and applications.
Advanced photovoltaic-trough development
The scope of the work on photvoltaic troughs includes analytical studies, hardware development, and component testing. Various aspects of the system have been optimized and improvements have been realized, particularly in the receiver and reflecting surface designs. An empirical system performance model has been developed that closely agrees with measured system performance. This in-depth study of single-axis reflecting linear focus photovoltaic concentrators will be very beneficial in the development of improved models for similar systems as well as other phtovoltaic concentrator designs.
Spencer, R.; Yasuda, K.; Merson, B.
Solar Photovoltaics development -Status and perspectives
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Solar Photovoltaics development - Status and perspectives Jørgen Fenhann Risø National Laboratory for the development of solar photovoltaics, contributing to the Macro Task E1 on production cost for fusion.S. with 53 MWp followed by Japan and EU. Until now off-grid installation have dominated the solar PV market
Structural Design for the Development of the Floating Type ...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Finally, we designed and developed floating type photovoltaic generation system using the ... Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell.
SunShot Initiative: Photovoltaics Research and Development
Research and Research and Development to someone by E-mail Share SunShot Initiative: Photovoltaics Research and Development on Facebook Tweet about SunShot Initiative: Photovoltaics Research and Development on Twitter Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Photovoltaics Research and Development on Google Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Photovoltaics Research and Development on Delicious Rank SunShot Initiative: Photovoltaics Research and Development on Digg Find More places to share SunShot Initiative: Photovoltaics Research and Development on AddThis.com... Concentrating Solar Power Photovoltaics Research & Development Crystalline Silicon Thin Films Multijunctions Organic Photovoltaics Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Competitive Awards Systems Integration Balance of Systems Photovoltaics Research and Development
Types of Silicon Used in Photovoltaics
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Silicon�used to make some the earliest photovoltaic (PV) devices�is still the most popular material for solar cells. Silicon is also the second-most abundant element in the Earth's crust (after...
Household type load's effects on photovoltaic systems
The solar energy is one of the most important energy sources available because, besides the fact that it is not polluting the environment and it helps to the reduction of green house effect, it is free of charge and it can be easily converted to other ... Keywords: A.C. loads, D.C. loads, compact fluorescent lamp, photovoltaic system, power LED
Nazmi Ekren; Nevzat Onat; Safak Saglam
Photovoltaic olar nergy Development on Landfills
Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering Center Photovoltaic Systems Engineering Photovoltaic.g. battery storage #12;Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering Center Photovoltaic Module Typical 10 cm x and the load. #12;Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering Center Sizing Sizing the photovoltaic systems: 1
Photovoltaic (PV) materials and devices convert sunlight into electrical energy, and PV cells are commonly known as solar cells. Photovoltaics can literally be translated as light-electricity.
Summarizes the goals and activities of the DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program efforts within its photovoltaics subprogram.
Not Available
Development of a commercial photovoltaic concentrator module
The ojective of this work was to develop the design and prototype of a commercial high-concentration photovoltaic (PV) module. The design is for a 282-sun point-focus concentrating module. Most of the components, subassemblies, and design features incorporate simplifications and ease of manufacturing. The Solar Kinetics, Inc. (SKI) module is designed to incorporate high-efficiency, single-crystal silicon PV cells. The housing is made with aluminum laminated for voltage stand-off and simultaneously providing high thermal conductivity. The Fresnel lens injection molded by American Optical (AO) as singles. The cell assembly consists of a copper heat spreader, a photovoltaic cell soldered, a top and bottom contact, and a reflective secondary optical element (SOE). The cell assemblies passed all of the initial electrical characterization and high-potential tests. Under environmental cycling, the only bond that failed was the PV cell-to-heat spreader interface. The other components (top contact, bottom contact, SOE) passed all the environmental cycling tests. The cell assemblies were designed to be mounted onto the receiver section with a thermally conductive RTV. This geometry was subjected to environmental testing. There was no delamination of this bond nor was there electrical breakdown when the assemblies were subjected to the hi-pot test. A mock module was fabricated for environmental evaluation. This module was subjected to the humidity/freeze cycling to assess the performance of the lens mounting design. This module was also subjected to the rain test after the humidity/freeze cycling and checked for water leaks. The lens showed small displacement from its original position after the environmental cycling. One tablespoon of water did collect inside the module.
Saifee, S.T.; Hutchison, G. [Solar Kinetics, Inc., Dallas, TX (United States)
Subsystem engineering and development of grid-connected photovoltaic systems
The experience gained in fielding residential and intermediate sized photovoltaic application experiments is summarized. This experience is used to guide the engineering and development of array and power conditioning subsystems for grid-connected photovoltaic systems. A major consideration in this development effort is cost. Through innovative engineering, using a modular building block approach for the array subsystem, it is now possible to construct array fields, in moderate quantities, for about $52/m/sup 2/ excluding the photovoltaic modules. Similarly, results of power conditioning subsystem development indicate a projected cost of about $0.25/W/sub p/ for advanced units with conversion efficiencies in excess of 90%.
Burgess, E.L.; Post, H.N.; Key, T.S.
University Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaics Research and Development
The overall goal of the program is to advance the current state of crystalline silicon solar cell technology to make photovoltaics more competitive with conventional energy sources. This program emphasizes fundamental and applied research that results in low-cost, high-efficiency cells on commercial silicon substrates with strong involvement of the PV industry, and support a very strong photovoltaics education program in the US based on classroom education and hands-on training in the laboratory.
Ajeet Rohatgi; Vijay Yelundur; Abasifreke Ebong; Dong Seop Kim
Development and application of a photovoltaic financial model
Due to the relative immaturity of the solar farm industry, there are very few comprehensive financial models in use. I address this by developing a photovoltaic NPV financial model and apply the model to various base cases ...
Dietz, Brad
Development of a Design Tool for Building Integrated Photovoltaics
Abstract: This paper outlines the design objectives, approach and results of the development of a building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system visualisation prototype design tool which was coded in Visual Basic for Applications. It provides the designer ...
Commercial Scale Photovoltaic Development at the Bluewater, New Mexico,
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Commercial Scale Photovoltaic Development Commercial Scale Photovoltaic Development at the Bluewater, New Mexico, Site Commercial Scale Photovoltaic Development at the Bluewater, New Mexico, Site Commercial Scale Photovoltaic Development at the Bluewater, New Mexico, Site The Bluewater Disposal Site is located about 9 air miles northwest of Grants, New Mexico, in Cibola County (approximately 80 miles west of Albuquerque). Anaconda Copper Company constructed the original carbonate-leach mill at the site in 1953 to process uranium ore. Subsequently, an acid-leach mill was constructed and began operations in 1957. Milling operations at the site ceased in 1982. Site reclamation began in 1991, and by 1995 all mill tailings, contaminated soils, demolished mill structures, and contaminated vicinity property materials were encapsulated
Development of the SEA Corporation Powergrid{trademark} photovoltaic concentrator
This report covers the three phase effort to bring the SEA Corporation`s Powergrid{trademark} from the concept stage to pilot production. The three phases of this contract covered component development, prototype module development, and pilot line production. The Powergrid is a photovoltaic concentrator that generates direct current electricity directly from sunlight using a linear Fresnel lens. Analysis has shown that the Powergrid has the potential to be very low cost in volume production. Before the start of the project, only proof of concept demonstrations of the components had been completed. During the project, SEA Corporation developed a low cost extruded Fresnel lens, a low cost receiver assembly using one sun type cells, a low cost plastic module housing, a single axis tracking system and frame structure, and pilot production equipment and techniques. In addition, an 800 kW/yr pilot production rate was demonstrated and two 40 kW systems were manufactured and installed.
Kaminar, N.; Curchod, D.; Daroczi, S.; Walpert, M.; Sahagian, J.; Pepper, J. [Photovoltaics International, LLC, Sunnyvale, CA (United States)
Table 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
2 Includes all types of photovoltaic cells and modules (single-crystal silicon, cast silicon, ribbon silicon, ... Solar Collector Manufacturing Activity, ...
Energy Basics: Types of Silicon Used in Photovoltaics
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Energy Basics Renewable Energy Printable Version Share this resource Biomass Geothermal Hydrogen Hydropower Ocean Solar Photovoltaics Cells Systems Concentrating Solar...
Photovoltaic Cell Having A P-Type Polycrystalline Layer With Large Crystals
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A photovoltaic cell has an n-type polycrystalline layer and a p-type polycrystalline layer adjoining the n-type polycrystalline layer to form a photovoltaic junction. The p-type polycrystalline layer comprises a substantially planar layer portion having relatively large crystals adjoining the n-type polycrystalline layer. The planar layer portion includes oxidized impurities which contribute to obtainment of p-type electrical properties in the planar layer portion.
Albright, Scot P. (Lakewood, CO); Chamberlin, Rhodes R. (El Paso, TX)
Development and Demonstration of DC Photovoltaic Applications
This report documents a field demonstration performed at Bowling Green State University (BGSU) as part of an Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) research project on improving the economics of photovoltaic (PV) power generation with innovative direct current (dc) applications. Unlike conventional dc uses for PV energy, this project aimed to demonstrate the powering of specific loads in grid-connected buildings without interference to the ac distribution system or other building loads.
Photovoltaic-system costing-methodology development. Final report
Presented are the results of a study to expand the use of standardized costing methodologies in the National Photovoltaics Program. The costing standards, which include SAMIS for manufacturing costs and M and D for marketing and distribution costs, have been applied to concentrator collectors and power-conditioning units. The M and D model was also computerized. Finally, a uniform construction cost-accounting structure was developed for use in photovoltaic test and application projects. The appendices contain example cases which demonstrate the use of the models.
make some the earliest photovoltaic (PV) devices-is still the most popular material for solar cells. Silicon is also the second-most abundant element in the Earth's crust (after...
Photovoltaic Device Including A Boron Doping Profile In An I-Type Layer
A photovoltaic cell for use in a single junction or multijunction photovoltaic device, which includes a p-type layer of a semiconductor compound including silicon, an i-type layer of an amorphous semiconductor compound including silicon, and an n-type layer of a semiconductor compound including silicon formed on the i-type layer. The i-type layer including an undoped first sublayer formed on the p-type layer, and a boron-doped second sublayer formed on the first sublayer.
Yang, Liyou (Lawrenceville, NJ)
Photovoltaic-Based Projects and Ventures: Development Guides
Photovoltaic (PV)-based systems have demonstrated the ability to help utilities reduce their cost of service, expand their customer service options, increase their customer base, decrease emissions, and enhance their public image. This report provides an organized approach to developing PV-based projects, programs, or ventures. It discusses how PV systems can be effectively used and describes the advantages, disadvantages, costs, and limitations of such systems. In addition, the report offers insight int...
Alpha Solarco`s Photovoltaic Concentrator Development program
This report details the work done under Sandia`s Photovoltaic Concentrator Development contract, funded jointly by Alpha Solarco and the US Department of Energy. It discusses improvements made to the cell assembly and module design of Alpha Solarco`s point-focus, high-concentration photovoltaic module. The goals of this effort were to increase the module efficiency, reduce the manufacturing cost of the cell assembly, and increase product reliability. Redesign of the secondary optical element achieved a 4 percent increase in efficiency due to better cell fill factors and offtrack performance. New, lower cost materials were identified for the secondary optical element, the optical couple between the secondary optical element and the cell, and the cell assembly electrical insulator. Manufacturing process improvements and test equipment are also discussed.
Anderson, A.; Bailor, B.; Carroll, D. [Alpha Solarco, Inc., Phoenix, AZ (United States)] [and others
Development and evaluation of sealing technologies for photovoltaic panels
This report summarizes the results of a study to develop and evaluate low temperature glass sealing technologies for photovoltaic applications. This work was done as part of Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) No. SC95/01408. The sealing technologies evaluated included low melting temperature glass frits and solders. Because the glass frit joining required a material with a melting temperature that exceeded the allowable temperature for the active elements on the photovoltaic panels a localized heating scheme was required for sealing the perimeter of the glass panels. Thermal and stress modeling were conducted to identify the feasibility of this approach and to test strategies designed to minimize heating of the glass panel away from its perimeter. Hardware to locally heat the glass panels during glass frit joining was designed, fabricated, and successfully tested. The same hardware could be used to seal the glass panels using the low temperature solders. Solder adhesion to the glass required metal coating of the glass. The adhesion strength of the solder was dependent on the surface finish of the glass. Strategies for improving the polyisobutylene (PIB) adhesive currently being used to seal the panels and the use of Parylene coatings as a protective sealant deposited on the photovoltaic elements were also investigated. Starting points for further work are included.
Glass, S.J.; Hosking, F.M.; Baca, P.M. [and others
Impacts of Regional Electricity Prices and Building Type on the Economics of Commercial Photovoltaic Systems
To identify the impacts of regional electricity prices and building type on the economics of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, 207 rate structures across 77 locations and 16 commercial building types were evaluated. Results for expected solar value are reported for each location and building type. Aggregated results are also reported, showing general trends across various impact categories.
Ong, S.; Campbell, C.; Clark, N.
Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. Photovoltaic Energy Park Master Development Planning
This document describes a Master Development Plan to develop, construct, and operate a photovoltaic energy park (PVEP). The central feature of the park would be a large-scale solar power plant with up to 3.0 MW (peak) capacity of single axis tracking and fixed systems. The park would be developed in phases using multiple 100 kilowatt (peak) solar power systems. The plant would utilize proven PV technology commonly available at the time of the construction. In addition, space has been set aside for resear...
Photovoltaic concentrator initiative: Concentrator cell development
This project involves the development of a large-area, low-cost, high-efficiency concentrator solar cell for use in the Entech 22-sun linear-focus Fresnel lens concentrator system. The buried contact solar cell developed at the University of New South Wales was selected for this project. Both Entech and the University of New South Wales are subcontractors. This annual report presents the program efforts from November 1990 through December 1991, including the design of the cell, development of a baseline cell process, and presentation of the results of preliminary cell processing. Important results include a cell designed for operation in a real concentrator system and substitution of mechanical grooving for the previously utilized laser scribing.
Wohlgemuth, J.H.; Narayanan, S. [Solarex Corp., Frederick, MD (US)
Photovoltaic module certification/laboratory accreditation criteria development
This document provides an overview of the structure and function of typical product certification/laboratory accreditation programs. The overview is followed by a model program which could serve as the basis for a photovoltaic (PV) module certification/laboratory accreditation program. The model covers quality assurance procedures for the testing laboratory and manufacturer, third-party certification and labeling, and testing requirements (performance and reliability). A 30-member Criteria Development Committee was established to guide, review, and reach a majority consensus regarding criteria for a PV certification/laboratory accreditation program. Committee members represented PV manufacturers, end users, standards and codes organizations, and testing laboratories.
Osterwald, C.R. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Hammond, R.L.; Wood, B.D.; Backus, C.E.; Sears, R.L. [Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States); Zerlaut, G.A. [SC-International Inc., Phoenix, AZ (United States); D`Aiello, R.V. [RD Associates, Tempe, AZ (United States)
Future of photovoltaic energy conversion in developing countries
Recent studies reveal that photovoltaic energy conversion will be economically viable for usage in developing countries. An overview of programs designed to lower the costs of such conversion systems is presented. Government goals are reviewed, as well as application projects relative to rural usage. A summary of the state-of-the-art in both advanced research and commercially available technology is presented. It is concluded that with the range of the work being done, such systems will be viable for many rural applications within 5 years.
Hogan, S.
Photovoltaic concentrator technology development project. Sixth project integration meeting
Thirty-three abstracts and short papers are presented which describe the current status of research, development, and demonstration of concentrator solar cell technology. Solar concentrators discussed include the parabolic trough, linear focus Fresnel lens, point focus Fresnel lens, and the parabolic dish. Solar cells studied include silicon, GaAs, and AlGaAs. Research on multiple junction cells, combined photovoltaic/thermal collectors, back contact solar cells, and beam splitter modules is described. Concentrator solar cell demonstration programs are reported. Contractor status summaries are given for 33 US DOE concentrator solar cell contracts; a description of the project, project status, and key results to date is included. (WHK)
Review of Developments in Production of Silicon for Photovoltaics
About this Abstract. Meeting, 2011 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium , Silicon Production, Purification and Recycling for Photovoltaic Cells.
Photovoltaic Energy Technology Module | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Photovoltaic Energy Technology Module Photovoltaic Energy Technology Module Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Photovoltaic Energy Technology Module Agency/Company /Organization: World Bank Sector: Energy Focus Area: Renewable Energy, Solar Topics: Technology characterizations Website: web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTENERGY2/EXTRENENERGYTK/0,, References: Photovoltaic Energy Technology Module[1] Resources Portable Solar Photovoltaic Lanterns: Performance and Certification Specification, and Type Approval, ESMAP TECHNICAL PAPER 078 Testing of Storage Batteries used in Stand Alone Photovoltaic Power Systems, Test procedures and examples of test results Technical Specifications for Solar Home Systems (SHS), Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development (PV Component) Project
Photovoltaic power conditioners: Development, evolution, and the next generation
Market-place acceptance of utility-connected photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems and their accelerated installation into residential and commercial applications are heavily dependent upon the ability of their power conditioning subsystems (PCS) to meet high reliability, low cost, and high performance goals. Many PCS development efforts have taken place over the last 15 years, and those efforts have resulted in substantial PCS hardware improvements. These improvements, however, have generally fallen short of meeting many reliability, cost and performance goals. Continuously evolving semiconductor technology developments, coupled with expanded market opportunities for power processing, offer a significant promise of improving PCS reliability, cost and performance, as they are integrated into future PCS designs. This paper revisits past and present development efforts in PCS design, identifies the evolutionary improvements and describes the new opportunities for PCS designs. The new opportunities are arising from the increased availability and capability of semiconductor switching components, smart power devices, and power integrated circuits (PICS).
Bulawka, A. [USDOE, Washington, DC (United States); Krauthamer, S.; Das, R. [Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena, CA (United States); Bower, W. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Energize Your Photovoltaics: NREL's Process Development and Integration Laboratory (PDIL)
The Process Development and Integration Laboratory (PDIL) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is a unique collaborative facility where industry and universities can work closely with NREL scientists on integrated equipment to answer pressing questions related to photovoltaics (PV). The integrated equipment includes deposition, processing, and characterization tools. We work with a wide range of PV materials, from crystalline silicon to thin-films (amorphous, nano- and microcrystalline silicon, copper indium gallium diselenide, cadmium telluride) to organic PV. The PDIL integrates all the data to: Automate control via recipes; Share data easily and securely; and Facilitate analysis. The PDIL integrates all the tools to: Eliminate air exposure between steps; Sequence steps in any order ; and Incorporate combinatorial techniques. The PDIL integrates all the materials to: Provide greater device flexibility; Allow diverse experts to work together; and Better support industry and universities.
Photovoltaic module certification/laboratory accreditation criteria development: Implementation handbook
This document covers the second phase of a two-part program. Phase I provided an overview of the structure and function of typical product certification/laboratory accreditation programs. This report (Phase H) provides most of the draft documents that will be necessary for the implementation of a photovoltaic (PV) module certification/laboratory accreditation program. These include organizational documents such as articles of incorporation, bylaws, and rules of procedure, as well as marketing and educational program documents. In Phase I, a 30-member criteria development committee was established to guide, review and reach a majority consensus regarding criteria for a PV certification/laboratory accreditation program. Committee members represented PV manufacturers, end users, standards and codes organizations, and testing laboratories. A similar committee was established for Phase II; the criteria implementation committee consisted of 29 members. Twenty-one of the Phase I committee members also served on the Phase II committee, which helped to provide program continuity during Phase II.
Osterwald, C.R. [National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO (United States); Hammond, R.L.; Wood, B.D.; Backus, C.E.; Sears, R.L. [Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States); Zerlaut, G.A. [SC-International, Inc., Tempe, AZ (United States); D`Aiello, R.V. [RD Associates, Tempe, AZ (United States)
Merging photovoltaic hardware development with hybrid applications in the USA
The use of multi-source power systems, ``hybrids,`` is one of the fastest growing, potentially significant markets for photovoltaic (PV) system technology today. Cost-effective applications today include remote facility power, remote area power supplies, remote home and village power, and power for dedicated electrical loads such as communications systems. This market sector is anticipated to be one of the most important growth opportunities for PV over the next five years. The US Department of Energy (USDOE) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) are currently engaged in an effort to accelerate the adoption of market-driven PV hybrid power systems and to effectively integrate PV with other energy sources. This paper provides details of this development and the ongoing hybrid activities in the United States. Hybrid systems are the primary focus of this paper.
Bower, W.
Development of a Low Cost Insulated Foil Substrate for Cu(InGaSe)2 Photovoltaics
The project validated the use of stainless steel flexible substrate coated with silicone-based resin dielectric, developed by Dow Corning Corporation, for Cu(InGa)Se2 based photovoltaics. The projects driving force was the high performance of Cu(InGa)Se2 based photovoltaics coupled with potential cost reduction that could be achieved with dielectric coated SS web substrate.
The photovoltaic market analysis program : background, model development, applications and extensions
The purpose of this report is to describe and motivate the market analysis program for photovoltaics that has developed over the last several years. The main objective of the program is to develop tools and procedures to ...
Lilien, Gary L.
Photovoltaic Advanced Research and Development Project: Solar Radiation Research annual report
This report gives an overview of the fiscal year 1990 research activities and results under the Solar Radiation Research Task of the Photovoltaic Advanced Research and Development Project at the Solar Energy Research Institute. The activities under this task include developing and applying measurement techniques, instrumentation, and data and models to understand and quantify the response of photovoltaic devices to variations in broadband and spectra solar radiation. The information presented in this report was presented at the SERI Photovoltaic Advanced Research and Development Project 10th Review Meeting, October 1990, and will be published in a special issue of Solar Cells dedicated to the meeting.
Riordan, C.; Hulstrom, R.; Cannon, T.; Myers, D.; Stoffel, T.
Photovoltaic power conditioning subsystem: state of the art and development opportunities
Photovoltaic sytems, the state of the art of power conditioning subsystem components, and the design and operational interaction between photovoltaic systems and hot utilities are detailed in this document. Major technical issues relating to the design and development of power conditioning systems for photovoltaic application are also considered, including: (1) standards, guidelines, and specifications; (2) cost-effective hardware design; (3) impact of advanced components on power conditioning development; (4) protection and safety; (5) quality of power; (6) system efficiency; and (7) system integration with the host utility. In addition, theories of harmonic distortion and reactive power flow are discussed, and information about power conditioner hardware and manufacturers is provided.
Krauthamer, S.; Bahrami, K.; Das, R.; Macie, T.; Rippel, W.
Solar kinetics` photovoltaic concentrator module and tracker development
Solar Kinetics, Inc., has been developing a point-focus concentrating photovoltaic module and tracker system under contract to Sandia National Laboratories. The primary focus of the contract was to achieve a module design that was manufacturable and passed Sandia`s environmental testing. Nine modules of two variations were assembled, tested, and characterized in Phase 1, and results of these tests were promising, with module efficiency approaching the theoretical limit achievable with the components used. The module efficiency was 11.9% at a solar irradiance of 850 W/m{sup 2} and an extrapolated cell temperature of 25{degrees}C. Improvements in module performance are anticipated as cell efficiencies meet their expectations. A 2-kW tracker and controller accommodating 20 modules was designed, built, installed, and operated at Solar Kinetics` test site. The drive used many commercially available components in an innovative arrangement to reduce cost and increase reliability. Backlash and bearing play were controlled by use of preloaded, low slip-stick, synthetic slide bearings. The controller design used a standard industrial programmable logic controller to perform ephemeris calculations, operate the actuators, and monitor encoders.
White, D.L.; Howell, B. [Solar Kinetics, Inc., Dallas, TX (United States)
ECE 414A/514A Photovoltaic Solar Energy Systems
, and development of photovoltaic cells and it is expected to continue into the foreseeable future. This trend management optics. The physical limits on photovoltaic cell performance and practical device operation will be analyzed. The main device emphasis will focus on different types of silicon photovoltaic cells including
Arizona, University of
Lithium Ion Cell Development for Photovoltaic Energy Storage Applications
The overall project goal is to reduce the cost of home and neighborhood photovoltaic storage systems by reducing the single largest cost component �?? the energy storage cells. Solar power is accepted as an environmentally advantaged renewable power source. Its deployment in small communities and integrated into the grid, requires a safe, reliable and low cost energy storage system. The incumbent technology of lead acid cells is large, toxic to produce and dispose of, and offer limited life even with significant maintenance. The ideal PV storage battery would have the safety and low cost of lead acid but the performance of lithium ion chemistry. Present lithium ion batteries have the desired performance but cost and safety remain the two key implementation barriers. The purpose of this project is to develop new lithium ion cells that can meet PVES cost and safety requirements using A123Systems phosphate-based cathode chemistries in commercial PHEV cell formats. The cost target is a cell design for a home or neighborhood scale at <$25/kWh. This DOE program is the continuation and expansion of an initial MPSC (Michigan Public Service Commission) program towards this goal. This program further pushes the initial limits of some aspects of the original program �?? even lower cost anode and cathode actives implemented at even higher electrode loadings, and as well explores new avenues of cost reduction via new materials �?? specifically our higher voltage cathode. The challenge in our materials development is to achieve parity in the performance metrics of cycle life and high temperature storage, and to produce quality materials at the production scale. Our new cathode material, M1X, has a higher voltage and so requires electrolyte reformulation to meet the high temperature storage requirements. The challenge of thick electrode systems is to maintain adequate adhesion and cycle life. The composite separator has been proven in systems having standard loading electrodes; the challenge with this material will be to maintain proven performance when this composite is coated onto a thicker electrode; as well the high temperature storage must meet application requirements. One continuing program challenge was the lack of specific performance variables for this PV application and so the low power requirements of PHEV/EV transportation markets were again used.
Susan Babinec
Development of a photovoltaic power supply for wireless sensor networks.
This report examines the design process of a photovoltaic (solar) based power supply for wireless sensor networks. Such a system stores the energy produced by an array of photovoltaic cells in a secondary (rechargeable) battery that in turn provides power to the individual node of the sensor network. The goal of such a power supply is to enable a wireless sensor network to have an autonomous operation on the order of years. Ideally, such a system is as small as possible physically while transferring the maximum amount of available solar energy to the load (the node). Within this report, there is first an overview of current solar and battery technologies, including characteristics of different technologies and their impact on overall system design. Second is a general discussion of modeling, predicting, and analyzing the extended operation of a small photovoltaic power supply and setting design parameters. This is followed by results and conclusions from the testing of a few basic systems. Lastly, some advanced concepts that may be considered in order to optimize future systems will be discussed.
Harvey, Matthew R.; Kyker, Ronald D.
Photovoltaic Power Generation
This report is an overview of photovoltaic power generation. The purpose of the report is to provide the reader with a general understanding of photovoltaic power generation and how PV technology can be practically applied. There is a brief discussion of early research and a description of how photovoltaic cells convert sunlight to electricity. The report covers concentrating collectors, flat-plate collectors, thin-film technology, and building-integrated systems. The discussion of photovoltaic cell types includes single-crystal, poly-crystalline, and thin-film materials. The report covers progress in improving cell efficiencies, reducing manufacturing cost, and finding economic applications of photovoltaic technology. Lists of major manufacturers and organizations are included, along with a discussion of market trends and projections. The conclusion is that photovoltaic power generation is still more costly than conventional systems in general. However, large variations in cost of conventional electrical power, and other factors, such as cost of distribution, create situations in which the use of PV power is economically sound. PV power is used in remote applications such as communications, homes and villages in developing countries, water pumping, camping, and boating. Gridconnected applications such as electric utility generating facilities and residential rooftop installations make up a smaller but more rapidly expanding segment of PV use. Furthermore, as technological advances narrow the cost gap, more applications are becoming economically feasible at an accelerating rate. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ...................................................................................v
Tom Penick; Gale Greenleaf Instructor; Thomas Penick; Bill Louk; Bill Louk
Thin Film Materials and Processing Techniques for a Next Generation Photovoltaic Device: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-12-470
This research extends thin film materials and processes relevant to the development and production of a next generation photovoltaic device.
van Hest, M.
Market definition study of photovoltaic power for remote villages in developing countries
The objective of this market definition study is to assess the market potential for the use of photovoltaic power systems for remote villages in developing countries. The approach used was to conduct an in-depth literature search followed by in-country surveys of selected developing countries in Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. The purpose of these surveys was to determine the current energy situation in these countries, the level of rural electrification activity, their knowledge and interest in solar and specifically photovoltaics, their financial resource capability, and the probability of development of a market for photovoltaics based on these and other factors. Findings are presented. The conclusion reached by the survey is that there is a significant market potential for photovoltaics in village power applications in developing countries. Extrapolation of the number of unelectrified villages results in an estimated potential of as much as 20,000 MWp, a potential similar in magnitude to previous UN and World Bank estimates. Recommendations for market stimulation are presented. (WHK)
Ragsdale, C.; Quashie, P.
Design and development of a laminated glass-plastic Fresnel lens for point focus photovoltaic systems
The design and development of a laminated glass-plastic Fresnel lens for point focus photovoltaic systems use is described. The objective of this development was to examine the feasibility of producing lenses with a cost effectiveness superior to that of lenses made by casting of acrylic. The procedure used in executing this development, the method used in cost effectiveness evaluation, results obtained and recommendations for further work are presented.
Matalon, L. A.
Interim implementation structure for development of performance criteria and test standards for photovoltaic systems
This document presents an implementation structure for the near-term development of performance criteria and test methods for photovoltaic (PV) materials, components, subsystems, and systems. The approach is designed to be responsive to the Photovoltaic Research, Development and Demonstration Act of 1978 (PL-95-590). The project is organized into four tasks: (1) establishment of performance criteria and the development of test methods; (2) development of laboratory accreditation/product certification guidelines; (3) development of validation methodologies; and (4) coordination of the quality assurance effort with consensus standards and code organizations. A schedule and milestones are presented for each task. The appendices provide a brief overview of standards and the standards development process. The philosophy behind this project is to develop industry- and user-established performance criteria, test methods, and accreditation procedures which may then be referred to independent consensus standards organizations for the preparation of consensus standards. The emphasis in execution of this approach will be to develop uniform, fair performance criteria and tests and to avoid rigid, prescriptive criteria. Photovoltaics is an emerging technology; criteria written now must be able to accommodate devices and techniques not yet developed.
NIST Photovoltaic carrier dynamics
... carrier dynamics in novel electronic photovoltaic materials being considered and developed for future solar cell and energy capture applications. ...
Development of Inorganic Precursors for Manufacturing of Photovoltaic Devices: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-08-308
Both NREL and Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials are interested in the development of solution phase metal and semiconductive precursors for the manufacturing of photovoltaic devices. In particular, we intend to develop material sets for atmospheric deposition processes. The cooperation between these two parties will enable high value materials and processing solutions for the manufacturing of low cost, roll-to-roll photovoltaics.
van Hest, M.; Ginley, D.
A database prototype has been developed to help understand costs in photovoltaic systems
High photovoltaic (PV) system costs hinder market growth. An approach to studying these costs has been developed using a database containing system, component and maintenance information. This data, which is both technical and non-technical in nature, is to be used to identify trends related to costs. A pilot database exists at this time and work is continuing. The results of this work may be used by the data owners to improve their operations with the goal of sharing non-attributable information with the public and industry at large. The published objectives of the DOE PV program are to accelerate the development of PV as a national and global energy option, as well as ensure US technology and global market leadership. The approach to supporting these objectives is to understand what drives costs in PV applications. This paper and poster session describe work-in-progress in the form of a database that will help identify costs in PV systems. In an effort to address DOE's Five-Year PV Milestones, a program was established in the summer of 1999 to study system costs in three PV applications--solar home lighting, water pumping, and grid-tied systems. This work began with a RFQ requesting data from these types of systems. Creating a partnership with industry and other system organizations such as Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) was the approach chosen to maintain a close time to the systems in the field. Nine participants were selected as partners, who provided data on their systems. Two activities are emphasized in this work. For the first, an iterative approach of developing baseline reliability and costs information with the participants was taken. This effort led to identifying typical components in these systems as well as the specific data (metrics) that would be needed in any analysis used to understand total systems costs.
Program on Technology Innovation: High Efficiency Photovoltaic Research at the Institute of Research and Development on Photovoltaic Energy (IRDEP), 2012
This report describes the advances of the High-Efficiency Photovoltaic (HEPV) Program during 2012. The report focuses on technical advances in the hot-carrier solar-cell program that address compounds with improved photovoltaic (PV) energy-conversion potential. The basic idea of hot-carrier devices is to use a combination of materials and device structures that can tap the thermal power co-generated with the usual PV power harvested in conventional devices. A part of this thermal power, all lost in ...
Solar Photovoltaic Economic Development: Building and Growing a Local PV Industry, August 2011 (Book)
The U.S. photovoltaic (PV) industry is forecast to grow, and it represents an opportunity for economic development and job creation in communities throughout the United States. This report helps U.S. cities evaluate economic opportunities in the PV industry. It serves as a guide for local economic development offices in evaluating their community?s competitiveness in the solar PV industry, assessing the viability of solar PV development goals, and developing strategies for recruiting and retaining PV companies to their areas.
High density photovoltaic
Photovoltaic technology can directly generate high voltages in a solid state material through the series interconnect of many photovoltaic diodes. We are investigating the feasibility of developing an electrically isolated, high-voltage power supply using miniature photovoltaic devices that convert optical energy to electrical energy.
Haigh, R.E.; Jacobson, G.F.; Wojtczuk, S. [Spire Corp., Bedford, MA (United States)
Photovoltaic Cell Materials
Although crystalline silicon cells are the most common type, photovoltaic (PV), or solar cells, can be made of many semiconductor materials. Each material has unique strengths and characteristics...
Photovoltaic cell efficiency at elevated temperatures.
??In order to determine what type of photovoltaic solar cell could best be used in a thermoelectric photovoltaic hybrid power generator, we tested the change� (more)
Ray, Katherine Leung
Integrated residential photovoltaic array development. Quarterly report No. 1
Sixteen conceptual designs produced by eight teams are described. Each design concept was evaluated by an industry advisory panel using a comprehensive set of technical, economic and institutional criteria. Key electrical and mechanical concerns that affect further array sub-system development are also discussed. Three integrated array design concepts were selected by the advisory panel for further optimization and development. From these concepts a single one will be selected for detailed analysis and prototype fabrication. The three concepts selected are the following: (1) an array of frameless panels/modules sealed in a T shaped zipperlocking neoprene gasket grid pressure fitted into an extruded aluminum channel grid fastened across the rafters; (2) an array of frameless modules pressure fitted in a series of zipperlocking EPDM rubber extrusions adhesively bonded to the roof. Series string voltage is developed using a set of integral tongue connectors and positioning blocks; (3) an array of frameless modules sealed by a silicone adhesive in a prefabricated grid of rigid tape and sheet metal attached to the roof.
CCEF - Renewable Energy Projects in Pre-Development Program ...
Program Incentive Type State Loan Program Applicable Sector Commercial, Renewable energy project developers Eligible Technologies Solar Thermal Electric, Photovoltaics,...
Enhanced photovoltaic characteristics of solar cells based on n-type triphenodioxazine derivative
Polymer solar cells based on poly (2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1, 4-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV):1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)-propyl-1-1-phenyl-(6,6)C61(PCBM):3, 10-di(trifluoromethane) triphenodioxazine (TFTD) was fabricated using spin coating technology. ... Keywords: Absorption spectra, Photoluminescence, Photovoltaics, Polymer
Fen Qiao; Aimin Liu; Yi Xiao; Yang Ping Ou; Ji quan Zhang; Yong chang Sang
Photovoltaics Business Models
This report summarizes work to better understand the structure of future photovoltaics business models and the research, development, and demonstration required to support their deployment.
Frantzis, L.; Graham, S.; Katofsky, R.; Sawyer, H.
SunShot Initiative: Photovoltaic Research Facilities
Initiative: Photovoltaic Research Facilities on AddThis.com... Concentrating Solar Power Photovoltaics Research & Development Competitive Awards Systems Integration Balance of...
NREL PV AR&D 11th review meeting, May 13--15, 1992, Denver Marriott City Center, Denver, Colorado. Photovoltaic Advanced Research and Development Project
This is a collection of abstracts from papers presented at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Photovoltaic (PV) research and development review meeting held May 1992. Subject areas covered include solar cell and solar module manufacturing and development, materials, polycrystalline thin films, applications, amorphous silicon, solar cell performance and testing, crystalline silicon and other photovoltaic and safety perspectives. (GHH)
Photovoltaics as a worldwide energy option: A case study in development strategy
Renewable energy technologies, such as solar thermal electric, photovoltaics (PV), and wind energy have made significant gains in cost and performance in the past decades. As a result, there have been high expectations on the part of the public for these sources to play a major role in future energy supply, especially as environmental concerns about conventional sources increase. Despite these past gains and high expectations, the global potential of renewable energy technologies still remains largely untapped, principally because of issues of industrialization and user acceptance. There is increasing recognition that government energy programs must incorporate a broader strategy than the traditional basic research role if they are to address these issues. Essential elements of this strategy are affordable technology, a healthy industry, sustained market growth, user acceptance, and equitable policy and financial environments. The US Department of Energy (DOE) programs in solar electric conversion have already started the development of the required broader-based effort. This paper presents the status of that work, utilizing the US National Photovoltaic Program as a case study.
Jones, G.; Pate, R.; Hill, R.
Photovoltaic Cell And Manufacturing Process
Provided is a method for controlling electrical properties and morphology of a p-type material of a photovoltaic device. The p-type material, such as p-type cadmium telluride, is first subjected to heat treatment in an oxidizing environment, followed by recrystallization in an environment substantially free of oxidants. In one embodiment, the heat treatment step comprises first subjecting the p-type material to an oxidizing atmosphere at a first temperature to getter impurities, followed by second subjecting the p-type material to an oxidizing atmosphere at a second temperature, higher than the first temperature, to develop a desired oxidation gradient through the p-type material.
Development of electrochemical photovoltaic cells. Third technical progress report, November 1, 1979-January 31, 1980
The development of stable, efficient, electrochemical photovoltaic cells based on silicon and gallium arsenide in non-aqueous electrolyte systems is being investigated. The effect of surface condition of silicon electrodes on electrochemical and physical characteristics has been studied. An electrode-supporting electrolyte interaction in acetonitrile has been identified which leads to etching of the surface. Improved performance can result, which has practical significance. Gallium arsenide electrodes have been electrochemically characterized in cells containing propylene carbonate with a ferrocene/ferricenium redox additive. Degradation of the ferricenium salt under illumination has been investigated. Other redox couples studied to date have not given promising results. Long-term stability experiments have been deferred while a better understanding of electrode behavior is being obtained.
Byker, H.J.; Schwerzel, R.E.; Wood, V.E.; Austin, A.E.; Brooman, E.W.
TYPE OF OPERATION R Research & Development T& Facility Type
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
-- R Research & Development T& Facility Type 0 Production scale testing a Pilat scale Y-. Bench Scale Process i Theoretical Studies Sample & Analysis 0 Productian 0 Disposal...
Development of an FPGA-based system for real-time simulation of photovoltaic modules
Photovoltaic (PV) simulators are indispensable for the operational evaluation of PV energy production system components (e.g. battery chargers, DC/AC inverters, etc.), in order to avoid the time-consuming and expensive field-testing process. In this ... Keywords: DC/DC converter, Field programmable gate array, Photovoltaic system, Rapid system prototyping, Simulator
Eftichios Koutroulis; Kostas Kalaitzakis; Vasileios Tzitzilonis
NREL Determines Better Testing Methods for Photovoltaic Module Durability (Fact Sheet), NREL Highlights, Research & Development
NREL discoveries will enable manufacturers to produce more robust photovoltaic modules. Over the past decade, some photovoltaic (PV) modules have experienced power losses because of the system voltage stress that modules experience in fielded arrays. This is partly because qualification tests and standards do not adequately evaluate the durability of modules that undergo the long-term effects of high voltage. Scientists at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) tried various testing methods and stress levels to demonstrate module durability to system voltage potential-induced degradation (PID) mechanisms. The results of these accelerated tests, along with outdoor testing, were used to estimate the acceleration factors needed to more accurately evaluate the durability of modules to system voltage stress. NREL was able to determine stress factors, levels, and methods for testing based on the stresses experienced by modules in the field. These results, in combination with those in the literature, suggest that constant stress with humidity and system voltage is more damaging than stress applied intermittently or with periods of recovery comprising hot and dry conditions or alternating bias in between. NREL has determined some module constructions to be extremely durable to PID. These findings will help the manufacturers of PV materials and components produce more durable products that better satisfy their customers. NREL determined that there is rapid degradation of some PV modules under system voltage stress and evaluated degradation rates in the field to develop more accurate accelerated testing methods. PV module manufacturers will be better able to choose robust materials and durable designs and guarantee sturdier, longer-lasting products. As PV modules become more durable, and thus more efficient over the long term, the risks and the cost of PV power will be reduced.
Photovoltaic cell efficiency at elevated temperatures
In order to determine what type of photovoltaic solar cell could best be used in a thermoelectric photovoltaic hybrid power generator, we tested the change in efficiency due to higher temperatures of three types of solar ...
Models of Photovoltaic Module Performance
An analysis of data collected over a three-year period at Pacific Gas and Electric Company's Photovoltaic Test Facility has enabled the prediction of photovoltaic (PV) module performance under conditions different from the test environment. The equations developed by PG&E provide a basis for rating photovoltaic modules and systems more accurately than in the past.
Financing Non-Residential Photovoltaic Projects: Options and...
Financing Non-Residential Photovoltaic Projects: Options and Implications Title Financing Non-Residential Photovoltaic Projects: Options and Implications Publication Type Report...
U.S. Photovoltaic Industry Roadmap | Open Energy Information
U.S. Photovoltaic Industry Roadmap U.S. Photovoltaic Industry Roadmap Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: U.S. Photovoltaic Industry Roadmap Agency/Company /Organization: United States Photovoltaics Industry Sector: Energy Focus Area: Renewable Energy, Solar Topics: Implementation, Market analysis, Technology characterizations Resource Type: Guide/manual Website: www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy03/30150.pdf References: U.S. Photovoltaic Industry Roadmap[1] Overview "To meet this challenge, we - the U.S.-based PV industry - have developed this roadmap as a guide for building our domestic industry, ensuring U.S. technology ownership, and implementing a sound commercialization strategy that will yield significant benefits at minimal cost. Putting the roadmap into action will call for reasonable and
Photovoltaic module electrical termination design requirement study
Motorola Inc., in conjunction with ITT Cannon, has conducted a study to develop information to facilitate the selection of existing, commercial, electrical termination hardware for photovoltaic modules and arrays. This volume of the report contains the executive summary. Module and array design parameters were investigated and recommendations were developed for use in surveying, evaluating, and comparing electrical termination hardware. Electrical termination selection criteria factors were developed and applied to nine generic termination types in each of the four application sectors: remote, residential, intermediate and industrial. Existing terminations best suited for photovoltaic modules and arrays were identified. Cost information was developed to identify cost drivers and/or requirements which might lead to cost reductions. The general conclusion is that there is no single generic termination that is best suited for photovoltaic application, but that the appropriate termination is strongly dependent upon the module construction and its support structure as well as the specific application sector.
Mosna, F.J. Jr.; Donlinger, J.
SunShot Initiative: Organic Photovoltaics Research
Organic Photovoltaics Research to Organic Photovoltaics Research to someone by E-mail Share SunShot Initiative: Organic Photovoltaics Research on Facebook Tweet about SunShot Initiative: Organic Photovoltaics Research on Twitter Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Organic Photovoltaics Research on Google Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Organic Photovoltaics Research on Delicious Rank SunShot Initiative: Organic Photovoltaics Research on Digg Find More places to share SunShot Initiative: Organic Photovoltaics Research on AddThis.com... Concentrating Solar Power Photovoltaics Research & Development Crystalline Silicon Thin Films Multijunctions Organic Photovoltaics Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Competitive Awards Systems Integration Balance of Systems Organic Photovoltaics Research Graphic showing the seven layers of an organic PV cell: electrode, donor, acceptor, active layer, PEDOT:PSS, transparent conductive oxide, and glass.
NREL: Photovoltaics Research - Engineering
Photovoltaic Engineering Photovoltaic Engineering Photovoltaic (PV) Engineering at NREL supports commercial and emerging PV technology development. Our support covers the following three areas: Engineering Testing and Evaluation. We provide engineering testing and evaluation of PV products developed by companies during work sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). We determine if products meet performance criteria established by DOE for a company's contractual obligations. Standards Development. We support the development of national and international standards. Current work includes investigating methods of preconditioning cadmium telluride and copper indium gallium diselenide PV modules so that when they are tested for reporting conditions, the results are correlated with subsequent field measurements.
Photovoltaic decision analysis
This paper is concerned with the development and implementation of a methodology that analyzes information relating to the choice between flat plate and concentrator technologies for photovoltaic development. A
Goldman, Neil L.
Tianda Photovoltaic Co Ltd Yunnan Tianda Photovoltaic | Open Energy
Tianda Photovoltaic Co Ltd Yunnan Tianda Photovoltaic Tianda Photovoltaic Co Ltd Yunnan Tianda Photovoltaic Jump to: navigation, search Name Tianda Photovoltaic Co Ltd (Yunnan Tianda Photovoltaic) Place Kunming, Yunnan Province, China Zip 650033 Sector Solar Product Crystalline solar cell and module manufacturer. Coordinates 25.051001°, 102.702011° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":25.051001,"lon":102.702011,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Photovoltaic Systems
A photovoltaic (PV), or solar electric system, is made up of several photovoltaic solar cells. An individual PV cell is usually small, typically producing about 1 or 2 watts of power. To boost the...
Photovoltaic systems in remote locations: an experience summary
Since 1979, the NASA Lewis Research Center has been responsible for the design, installation and operational support of 58 photovoltaic systems located in 27 countries. Together these systems contain 77.1 kW of photovoltaic modules and provide power for a variety of loads ranging from single low-power street light systems to a utility type power system for a village of over 150 people. Systems installation, reliability, operation, maintenance and repair experience is given and major problems areas are listed. Experience indicates that photovoltaic system technology is a proven technology, but that developing countries need to better posture themselves to acquire and utilize the technology. Recommendations are given.
Ratajczak, A.F.
Photovoltaic solar cell
A photovoltaic solar cell for generating electricity from sunlight is disclosed. The photovoltaic solar cell comprises a plurality of spaced-apart point contact junctions formed in a semiconductor body to receive the sunlight and generate the electicity therefrom, the plurality of spaced-apart point contact junctions having a first plurality of regions having a first doping type and a second plurality of regions having a second doping type. In addition, the photovoltaic solar cell comprises a first electrical contact electrically connected to each of the first plurality of regions and a second electrical contact electrically connected to each of the second plurality of regions, as well as a passivation layer covering major surfaces and sidewalls of the photovoltaic solar cell.
Nielson, Gregory N; Okandan, Murat; Cruz-Campa, Jose Luis; Resnick, Paul J
Photovoltaic Cell Materials | Department of Energy
Materials Photovoltaic Cell Materials August 19, 2013 - 4:43pm Addthis Although crystalline silicon cells are the most common type, photovoltaic (PV), or solar cells, can be made...
NREL: Photovoltaics Research - Photovoltaic Energy Ratings Methods
Photovoltaic Energy Ratings Methods Validation Photovoltaic Energy Ratings Methods Validation The Photovoltaic (PV) Engineering group at NREL validates energy ratings methods by standards committees to establish an energy rating methodology. We are evaluating techniques to account for the impact on PV performance from variations in the spectral distribution of solar radiation. Two types of methods were evaluated for correcting the short-circuit current of PV modules for variations in the solar spectrum under clear skies: (1) empirical relationships based on air mass, and (2) use of spectral irradiance models and PV module spectral response data. Methods of the first type were the Sandia National Laboratories absolute air-mass function, or f(AMa), and the CREST air-mass function, or f(AM). The second
SunShot Initiative: Reducing Photovoltaic Costs
Reducing Photovoltaic Costs to Reducing Photovoltaic Costs to someone by E-mail Share SunShot Initiative: Reducing Photovoltaic Costs on Facebook Tweet about SunShot Initiative: Reducing Photovoltaic Costs on Twitter Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Reducing Photovoltaic Costs on Google Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Reducing Photovoltaic Costs on Delicious Rank SunShot Initiative: Reducing Photovoltaic Costs on Digg Find More places to share SunShot Initiative: Reducing Photovoltaic Costs on AddThis.com... Concentrating Solar Power Photovoltaics Research & Development Competitive Awards Systems Integration Balance of Systems Reducing Photovoltaic Costs Photo of gloved hands pouring liquid from a glass bottle to glass beaker. Past Incubator awardee, Innovalight, is creating high-efficiency, low-cost
SunShot Initiative: National Laboratory Photovoltaics Research
National Laboratory Photovoltaics National Laboratory Photovoltaics Research to someone by E-mail Share SunShot Initiative: National Laboratory Photovoltaics Research on Facebook Tweet about SunShot Initiative: National Laboratory Photovoltaics Research on Twitter Bookmark SunShot Initiative: National Laboratory Photovoltaics Research on Google Bookmark SunShot Initiative: National Laboratory Photovoltaics Research on Delicious Rank SunShot Initiative: National Laboratory Photovoltaics Research on Digg Find More places to share SunShot Initiative: National Laboratory Photovoltaics Research on AddThis.com... Concentrating Solar Power Photovoltaics Research & Development Competitive Awards Diversity in Science and Technology Advances National Clean Energy in Solar Grid Engineering for Accelerated Renewable Energy Deployment
Lab Breakthrough: Microelectronic Photovoltaics | Department...
June 7, 2012 - 9:31am Addthis Sandia developed tiny glitter-sized photovoltaic (PV) cells that could revolutionize solar energy collection. The crystalline silicon...
SunShot Initiative: Multijunction III-V Photovoltaics Research
Multijunction III-V Photovoltaics Research on AddThis.com... Concentrating Solar Power Photovoltaics Research & Development Crystalline Silicon Thin Films Multijunctions...
Sandia National Laboratory Photovoltaic Design Resources | Open Energy
Sandia National Laboratory Photovoltaic Design Resources Sandia National Laboratory Photovoltaic Design Resources (Redirected from Photovoltaic Design Resources at Sandia National Laboratories) Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Photovoltaic Design Resources at Sandia National Laboratories Agency/Company /Organization: Sandia National Laboratories Sector: Energy Focus Area: Renewable Energy, Solar Topics: Pathways analysis Website: www.sandia.gov/ References: Sandia's Photovoltaic Research and Development Program [1] Sandia National Laboratories' Photovoltaic Research and Development program works with industry and academia to accelerate development and acceptance of technologies for photovoltaic energy systems. The program has published a series of handbooks and booklets that describe design guidelines for stand-alone photovoltaic system installations,
Sandia National Laboratory Photovoltaic Design Resources Sandia National Laboratory Photovoltaic Design Resources Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Photovoltaic Design Resources at Sandia National Laboratories Agency/Company /Organization: Sandia National Laboratories Sector: Energy Focus Area: Renewable Energy, Solar Topics: Pathways analysis Website: www.sandia.gov/ References: Sandia's Photovoltaic Research and Development Program [1] Sandia National Laboratories' Photovoltaic Research and Development program works with industry and academia to accelerate development and acceptance of technologies for photovoltaic energy systems. The program has published a series of handbooks and booklets that describe design guidelines for stand-alone photovoltaic system installations, photovoltaic water pumping systems, and evaluating photvoltaic applications
Module Handbook Specialisation Photovoltaics
#12;Specialisation Photovoltaics, University of Northumbria Module 1/Photovoltaics: PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL AND MODULE TECHNOLOGY Module name: PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL AND MODULE TECHNOLOGY Section EUREC · Chemistry · Physics Target learning outcomes The module Photovoltaic Cell and Module Technology teaches
Habel, Annegret
Photovoltaic systems and applications
Abstracts are given of presentations given at a project review meeting held at Albuquerque, NM. The proceedings cover the past accomplishments and current activities of the Photovoltaic Systems Research, Balance-of-System Technology Development and System Application Experiments Projects at Sandia National Laboratories. The status of intermediate system application experiments and residential system analysis is emphasized. Some discussion of the future of the Photovoltaic Program in general, and the Sandia projects in particular is also presented.
Photovoltaic product directory and buyers guide
Basic information on photovoltaic conversion technology is provided for those unfamiliar with the field. Various types of photovoltaic products and systems currently available off-the-shelf are described. These include products without batteries, battery chargers, power packages, home electric systems, and partial systems. Procedures are given for designing a photovoltaic system from scratch. A few custom photovoltaic systems are described, and a list is compiled of photovoltaic firms which can provide custom systems. Guidance is offered for deciding whether or not to use photovoltaic products. A variety of installations are described and their performance is appraised by the owners. Information is given on various financial incentives available from state and federal governments. Sources of additional information on photovoltaics are listed. A matrix is provided indicating the sources of various types of photovoltaic products. The addresses of suppliers are listed. (LEW)
Watts, R.L.; Smith, S.A.; Mazzucchi, R.P.
Photovoltaic manufacturing technology, Phase 1
This report describes subcontracted research by the Chronar Corporation, prepared by Advanced Photovoltaic Systems, Inc. (APS) for Phase 1 of the Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology Development project. Amorphous silicon is chosen as the PV technology that Chronar Corporation and APS believe offers the greatest potential for manufacturing improvements, which, in turn, will result in significant cost reductions and performance improvements in photovoltaic products. The APS Eureka'' facility was chosen as the manufacturing system that can offer the possibility of achieving these production enhancements. The relationship of the Eureka'' facility to Chronar's batch'' plants is discussed. Five key areas are also identified that could meet the objectives of manufacturing potential that could lead to improved performance, reduced manufacturing costs, and significantly increased production. The projected long-term potential benefits of these areas are discussed, as well as problems that may impede the achievement of the hoped-for developments. A significant number of the problems discussed are of a generic nature and could be of general interest to the industry. The final section of this document addresses the cost and time estimates for achieving the solutions to the problems discussed earlier. Emphasis is placed on the number, type, and cost of the human resources required for the project.
Development of a modular, bi-directional power inverter for photovoltaic applications. Annual technical progress report, August 1995--August 1996
The goal of this research and development contract is to develop and prototype for manufacturing a modular, bi-directional power inverter for photovoltaic applications. This modular inverter will be used as building block for larger inverters by connecting in parallel (for higher power) or in series (for higher AC voltage) or both. The modular inverter will be capable of being interconnected for single, split and three phase configurations for both 60 hertz (domestic) and 50 hertz (international) applications. The design will also construction of units with different DC input voltages and AC output voltages to further satisfy various application and market requirements. By standardizing on a single {open_quotes}building block{close_quotes} inverter module, the need to build multiple models and sizes for different application can be avoided. The higher volume of a single design will allow improved manufacturing and will result in higher reliability by reducing low volume will allow improved manufacturing will result in higher reliability by reducing low volume modifications. The result will be lower cost and improved performance of photovoltaic systems.
Freitas, C. [Trace Engineering Company, Inc., Arlington, WA (United States)
Photovoltaic cell
In a photovoltaic cell structure containing a visibly transparent, electrically conductive first layer of metal oxide, and a light-absorbing semiconductive photovoltaic second layer, the improvement comprising a thin layer of transition metal nitride, carbide or boride interposed between said first and second layers.
Gordon, Roy G. (Cambridge, MA); Kurtz, Sarah (Somerville, MA)
Photovoltaics | Department of Energy
Photovoltaics Photovoltaics August 16, 2013 - 4:47pm Addthis Photovoltaic (PV) materials and devices convert sunlight into electrical energy, and PV cells are commonly known as...
Energy Basics: Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics Photovoltaic (PV) materials and devices convert sunlight into electrical energy, and PV cells are commonly known as solar cells. Photovoltaics can literally be...
Photovoltaic Subcontract Program
This report summarizes the fiscal year (FY) 1992 progress of the subcontracted photovoltaic (PV) research and development (R D) performed under the Photovoltaic Advanced Research and Development Project at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)-formerly the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI). The mission of the national PV program is to develop PV technology for large-scale generation of economically competitive electric power in the United States. The technical sections of the report cover the main areas of the subcontract program: the Crystalline Materials and Advanced Concepts project, the Polycrystalline Thin Films project, Amorphous Silicon Research project, the Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology (PVMaT) project, PV Module and System Performance and Engineering project, and the PV Analysis and Applications Development project. Technical summaries of each of the subcontracted programs provide a discussion of approaches, major accomplishments in FY 1992, and future research directions.
Photovoltaic Advanced Research and Development project: Solar radiation research annual report, 1 October 1990--30 September 1991
This report is a summary of the year 1991 research activities and results under the Solar Radiation Research task of the Photovoltaic (PV) Advanced Research and Development project at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). This task directly supports the characterization, testing, and design of PV cells modules, and systems. The development of a scientific and engineering understanding of incident (i.e., available to PV devices) solar irradiance and the appropriate instrumentation systems and measurement methods are the activities and results of this project. Activities described in this report include the completion of the Atmospheric Optical Calibration Systems (AOCS) and the comparison of instrumentation systems that collect site-specific measurements of solar irradiance for the purpose of PV system feasibility studies and/or design.
Hulstrom, R.; Cannon, T.; Stoffel, T.; Riordan, C.
SunShot Initiative: Thin Film Photovoltaics Research
Thin Film Photovoltaics Research Thin Film Photovoltaics Research to someone by E-mail Share SunShot Initiative: Thin Film Photovoltaics Research on Facebook Tweet about SunShot Initiative: Thin Film Photovoltaics Research on Twitter Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Thin Film Photovoltaics Research on Google Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Thin Film Photovoltaics Research on Delicious Rank SunShot Initiative: Thin Film Photovoltaics Research on Digg Find More places to share SunShot Initiative: Thin Film Photovoltaics Research on AddThis.com... Concentrating Solar Power Photovoltaics Research & Development Crystalline Silicon Thin Films Multijunctions Organic Photovoltaics Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Competitive Awards Systems Integration Balance of Systems Thin Film Photovoltaics Research The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) supports research and development of
International Photovoltaic Program Plan
The International Photovoltaics Program Plan is in direct response to the Solar Photovoltaic Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1978 (PL 95-590). As stated in the Act, the primary objective of the plan is to accelerate the widespread use of photovoltaic systems in international markets. Benefits which could result from increased international sales by US companies include: stabilization and expansion of the US photovoltaic industry, preparing the industry for supplying future domestic needs; contribution to the economic and social advancement of developing countries; reduced world demand for oil; and improvements in the US balance of trade. The plan outlines programs for photovoltaic demonstrations, systems developments, supplier assistance, information dissemination/purchaser assistance, and an informaion clearinghouse. Each program element includes tactical objectives and summaries of approaches. A program management office will be established to coordinate and manage the program plan. Although the US Department of Energy (DOE) had the lead responsibility for preparing and implementing the plan, numerous federal organizations and agencies (US Departments of Commerce, Justice, State, Treasury; Agency for International Development; ACTION; Export/Import Bank; Federal Trade Commission; Small Business Administration) were involved in the plan's preparation and implementation.
Costello, D.; Koontz, R.; Posner, D.; Heiferling, P.; Carpenter, P.; Forman, S.; Perelman, L.
Residential photovoltaic module and array requirements study. Final report
Burt Hill Kosar Rittelmann Associates has conducted a study to identify design requirements for photovoltaic modules and arrays used in residential applications. Building codes and referenced standards were reviewed for their applicability to residential photovoltaic array installations. Four installation types were identified - integral (replaces roofing), direct (mounted on top of roofing), stand-off (mounted away from roofing), and rack (for flat or low slope roofs, or ground mounted). Installation costs were developed for these mounting types as a function of panel/module size. cost drivers were identified. Studies were performed to identify optimum module shapes and sizes and operating voltage cost drivers. The general conclusion is that there are no perceived major obstacles to the use of photovoltaic modules in residential arrays. However, there is no applicable building code category for residential photovolttaic modules and arrays and early additional work is needed with standards writing organizations to develop residential module and array requirements.
High efficiency photovoltaic device
An N-I-P type photovoltaic device includes a multi-layered body of N-doped semiconductor material which has an amorphous, N doped layer in contact with the amorphous body of intrinsic semiconductor material, and a microcrystalline, N doped layer overlying the amorphous, N doped material. A tandem device comprising stacked N-I-P cells may further include a second amorphous, N doped layer interposed between the microcrystalline, N doped layer and a microcrystalline P doped layer. Photovoltaic devices thus configured manifest improved performance, particularly when configured as tandem devices.
Guha, Subhendu (Troy, MI); Yang, Chi C. (Troy, MI); Xu, Xi Xiang (Findlay, OH)
Workforce Development Oregon Academic Research Facilities Research Expertise Oregon was the first statein the U.S. to install photovoltaics on its
College's (PCC) microelectronics program to develop graduates who specialize in solar cell manufacturing conservation systems and to install photovoltaic and solar domestic hot water systems. LCC offers the nation materials for pin double-heterojunction thin-film solar cells with funding from the National Renewable
Oregon, University of
Photovoltaic module electrical termination design requirement study. Final report
Motorola Inc., in conjunction with ITT Cannon, has conducted a study to develop information to facilitate the selection of existing, commercial, electrical termination hardware for photovoltaic modules and arrays. Details of the study are presented in this volume. Module and array design parameters were investigated and recommendations were developed for use in surveying, evaluating, and comparing electrical termination hardware. Electrical termination selection criteria factors were developed and applied to nine generic termination types in each of the four application sectors. Remote, residential, intermediate and industrial. Existing terminations best suited for photovoltaic modules and arrays were identified. Cost information was developed to identify cost drivers and/or requirements which might lead to cost reductions. The general conclusion is that there is no single generic termination that is best suited for photovoltaic application, but that the appropriate termination is strongly dependent upon the module construction and its support structure as well as the specific application sector.
Safety-related requirements for photovoltaic modules and arrays. Final report
Underwriters Laboratories has conducted a study to identify and develop safety requirements for photovoltaic module and panel designs and configurations for residential, intermediate, and large scale applications. Concepts for safety systems, where each system is a collection of subsystems which together address the total anticipated hazard situation, are described. Descriptions of hardware, and system usefulness and viability are included. This discussion of safety systems recognizes that there is little history on which to base the expected safety related performance of a photovoltaic system. A comparison of these systems, as against the provisions of the 1984 National Electrical Code covering photovoltaic systems is made. A discussion of the UL investigation of the photovoltaic module evaluated to the provisions of the Proposed UL Standard for Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Modules and Panels is included. Grounding systems, their basis and nature, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are described. The meaning of frame grounding, circuit grounding, and the type of circuit ground are covered. The development of the Standard for Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Modules and Panels has continued, and with both industry comment and a product submittal and listing, the Standard has been refined to a viable document allowing an objective safety review of photovoltaic modules and panels. How this document, and other UL documents would cover investigations of certain other photovoltaic system components is described.
Levins, A.
Photovoltaic Cells
Photovoltaic (PV) cells, or solar cells, take advantage of the photoelectric effect to produce electricity. PV cells are the building blocks of all PV systems because they are the devices that...
Photovoltaics I
Mar 13, 2012 ... TiO2 is an attractive material for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) ... Second, I will discuss our design of photovoltaic (PV) materials that exploit�...
Concentrating Photovoltaics
Concentrating photovoltaics (CPV) are a promising alternative to flat-plate photovoltaics in high direct normal irradiance (DNI) environments. The technology�s basic operating characteristics offer significant upside compared with other solar technologies: higher system efficiencies of upwards of 30%+; higher capacity factors, generated through two-axis tracking, exceeding 30% in ideal locations; lower cellular degradation from heat compared to flat-plate PV; lower water requirements; and reduced footpri...
NREL: Photovoltaics Research - Webmaster
Photovoltaics Research Home Silicon Polycrystalline Thin Films Multijunctions New Materials, Devices, & Processes Testing & Analysis Facilities National Center for Photovoltaics...
Photovoltaic Materials
The goal of the current project was to help make the US solar industry a world leader in the manufacture of thin film photovoltaics. The overall approach was to leverage ORNL�s unique characterization and processing technologies to gain a better understanding of the fundamental challenges for solar cell processing and apply that knowledge to targeted projects with industry members. ORNL has the capabilities in place and the expertise required to understand how basic material properties including defects, impurities, and grain boundaries affect the solar cell performance. ORNL also has unique processing capabilities to optimize the manufacturing process for fabrication of high efficiency and low cost solar cells. ORNL recently established the Center for Advanced Thin-film Systems (CATS), which contains a suite of optical and electrical characterization equipment specifically focused on solar cell research. Under this project, ORNL made these facilities available to industrial partners who were interested in pursuing collaborative research toward the improvement of their product or manufacturing process. Four specific projects were pursued with industrial partners: Global Solar Energy is a solar industry leader in full scale production manufacturing highly-efficient Copper Indium Gallium diSelenide (CIGS) thin film solar material, cells and products. ORNL worked with GSE to develop a scalable, non-vacuum, solution technique to deposit amorphous or nanocrystalline conducting barrier layers on untextured stainless steel substrates for fabricating high efficiency flexible CIGS PV. Ferro Corporation�s Electronic, Color and Glass Materials (�ECGM�) business unit is currently the world�s largest supplier of metallic contact materials in the crystalline solar cell marketplace. Ferro�s ECGM business unit has been the world's leading supplier of thick film metal pastes to the crystalline silicon PV industry for more than 30 years, and has had operational cells and modules in the field for 25 years. Under this project, Ferro leveraged world leading analytical capabilities at ORNL to characterize the paste-to-silicon interface microstructure and develop high efficiency next generation contact pastes. Ampulse Corporation is developing a revolutionary crystalline-silicon (c-Si) thin-film solar photovoltaic (PV) technology. Utilizing uniquely-textured substrates and buffer materials from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), and breakthroughs in Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition (HW-CVD) techniques in epitaxial silicon developed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Ampulse is creating a solar technology that is tunable in silicon thickness, and hence in efficiency and economics, to meet the specific requirements of multiple solar PV applications. This project focused on the development of a high rate deposition process to deposit Si, Ge, and Si1-xGex films as an alternate to hot-wire CVD. Mossey Creek Solar is a start-up company with great expertise in the solar field. The primary interest is to create and preserve jobs in the solar sector by developing high-yield, low-cost, high-efficiency solar cells using MSC-patented and -proprietary technologies. The specific goal of this project was to produce large grain formation in thin, net-shape-thickness mc-Si wafers processed with high-purity silicon powder and ORNL's plasma arc lamp melting without introducing impurities that compromise absorption coefficient and carrier lifetime. As part of this project, ORNL also added specific pieces of equipment to enhance our ability to provide unique insight for the solar industry. These capabilities include a moisture barrier measurement system, a combined physical vapor deposition and sputtering system dedicated to cadmium-containing deposits, adeep level transient spectroscopy system useful for identifying defects, an integrating sphere photoluminescence system, and a high-speed ink jet printing system. These tools were combined with others to study the effect of defects on the performance of crystalline silicon and
Duty, C.; Angelini, J.; Armstrong, B.; Bennett, C.; Evans, B.; Jellison, G. E.; Joshi, P.; List, F.; Paranthaman, P.; Parish, C.; Wereszczak, A.
Photovoltaic array performance model.
This document summarizes the equations and applications associated with the photovoltaic array performance model developed at Sandia National Laboratories over the last twelve years. Electrical, thermal, and optical characteristics for photovoltaic modules are included in the model, and the model is designed to use hourly solar resource and meteorological data. The versatility and accuracy of the model has been validated for flat-plate modules (all technologies) and for concentrator modules, as well as for large arrays of modules. Applications include system design and sizing, 'translation' of field performance measurements to standard reporting conditions, system performance optimization, and real-time comparison of measured versus expected system performance.
Kratochvil, Jay A.; Boyson, William Earl; King, David L.
Thin film photovoltaic device
A thin film photovoltaic solar cell which utilizes a zinc phosphide semiconductor is of the homojunction type comprising an n-type conductivity region forming an electrical junction with a p-type region, both regions consisting essentially of the same semiconductor material. The n-type region is formed by treating zinc phosphide with an extrinsic dopant such as magnesium. The semiconductor is formed on a multilayer substrate which acts as an opaque contact. Various transparent contacts may be used, including a thin metal film of the same chemical composition as the n-type dopant or conductive oxides or metal grids.
Catalano, Anthony W. (Wilmington, DE); Bhushan, Manjul (Wilmington, DE)
A thin film photovoltaic solar cell which utilizes a zinc phosphide semiconductor is of the homojunction type comprising an n-type conductivity region forming an electrical junction with a p-type region, both regions consisting essentially of the same semiconductor material. The n-type region is formed by treating zinc phosphide with an extrinsic dopant such as magnesium. The semiconductor is formed on a multilayer substrate which acts as an opaque contact. Various transparent contacts may be used, including a thin metal film of the same chemical composition as the n-type dopant or conductive oxides or metal grids. 5 figs.
Catalano, A.W.; Bhushan, M.
Lessons Learned from the U.S. Photovoltaic Industry and Implications for Development of Distributed Small Wind: Preprint
In recent years, advocates for the solar photovoltaic (PV) industry have developed successful strategies for marketing PV as a customer-sited energy resource. Their efforts have ranged from supporting effective Federal programs and incentives to initiating state and local efforts to remove siting barriers and industry efforts that build consumer confidence. More important, PV advocates have established relationships that define customer-sited PV as a viable and important technology. The PV industry's record of success and its persistent challenges can be instructive to the small wind industry. These industries share many characteristics in terms of system outputs, applications, economics, and industry goals. In some ways, small wind is staged for growth just as PV was a decade ago. The authors provide an examination of market development issues in these industries, including Federal policy infrastructure and incentives, state and local policy infrastructure, and business support. Subsequently, the authors provide recommendations for distributed wind development that include collaborations with the PV industry and as stand-alone small wind initiatives. In particular, the authors suggest aligning customer-sited small wind (and PV) with demand-side energy strategies and emphasizing the need to address all customer-sited renewables under a cohesive distributed generation development strategy.
Forsyth, T.; Tombari, C.; Nelson, M.
Lessons Learned from the U.S. Photovoltaic Industry and Implications for Development of Distributed Small Wind
Potential Health and Environmental Impacts Associated with the Manufacture and Use of Photovoltaic Cells
EPRI and the California Energy Commission (CEC), the principal sponsor of this project, have collected information on potential environmental impacts of chemicals used in California's photovoltaic (PV) industry. This report provides an overview of the photovoltaic industry and includes the types of cells that were manufactured or under development through 2002 and the chemicals used in the manufacturing processes and final modules. The potential for chemicals used in PV cells to be released to air, surfa...
Photovoltaics (Fact Sheet)
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) works with industry, academia, national laboratories, and other government agencies to advance solar photovoltaics (PV) domestically. The SunShot Initiative aims to achieve widespread, unsubsidized cost-competitiveness through an applied research and development (R&D) portfolio spanning PV materials, devices, and manufacturing technologies.
DOE works with national labs, academia, and industry to support the domestic photovoltaics (PV) industry and research enterprise. SunShot aims to achieve widespread, unsubsidized cost-competitiveness through an applied research and development (R&D) portfolio spanning PV materials, devices, and manufacturing technologies.
EELE408 Photovoltaics Lecture 20: Photovoltaic Systems
into the grid 2 Application Areas 3 Photovoltaic System Basics · Photovoltaic Systems Cell Panel Array1 EELE408 Photovoltaics Lecture 20: Photovoltaic Systems Dr. Todd J. Kaiser tjkaiser Panel 4 · DC · AC / = ACDC Charge Regulator Inverter Battery DC Load AC Load Modularity: Solar Cell
Kaiser, Todd J.
Photovoltaic Energy Program Overview Fiscal Year 1996
Significant activities in the National Photovoltaic Program are reported for each of the three main program elements. In Research and Development, advances in thin-film materials and crystalline silicon materials are described. The Technology Development report describes activities in photovoltaic manufacturing technology, industrial expansion, module and array development, and testing photovoltaic system components. Systems Engineering and Applications projects described include projects with government agencies, projects with utilities, documentation of performance for international applications, and product certification.
Canrom Photovoltaics Inc | Open Energy Information
Canrom Photovoltaics Inc Canrom Photovoltaics Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name Canrom Photovoltaics Inc Place Niagara Falls, New York Zip 14305 Sector Solar Product Developer of a thin-film CdTe based solar electric module. References Canrom Photovoltaics Inc[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Canrom Photovoltaics Inc is a company located in Niagara Falls, New York . References ↑ "Canrom Photovoltaics Inc" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Canrom_Photovoltaics_Inc&oldid=343203" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations Companies Organizations Stubs What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version Permanent link Browse properties
Analysis of batteries for use in photovoltaic systems. Final report
An evaluation of 11 types of secondary batteries for energy storage in photovoltaic electric power systems is given. The evaluation was based on six specific application scenarios which were selected to represent the diverse requirements of various photovoltaic systems. Electrical load characteristics and solar insulation data were first obtained for each application scenario. A computer-based simulation program, SOLSIM, was then developed to determine optimal sizes for battery, solar array, and power conditioning systems. Projected service lives and battery costs were used to estimate life-cycle costs for each candidate battery type. The evaluation considered battery life-cycle cost, safety and health effects associated with battery operation, and reliability/maintainability. The 11 battery types were: lead-acid, nickel-zinc, nickel-iron, nickel-hydrogen, lithium-iron sulfide, calcium-iron sulfide, sodium-sulfur, zinc-chlorine, zinc-bromine, Redox, and zinc-ferricyanide. The six application scenarios were: (1) a single-family house in Denver, Colorado (photovoltaic system connected to the utility line); (2) a remote village in equatorial Africa (stand-alone power system); (3) a dairy farm in Howard County, Maryland (onsite generator for backup power); (4) a 50,000 square foot office building in Washington, DC (onsite generator backup); (5) a community in central Arizona with a population of 10,000 (battery to be used for dedicated energy storage for a utility grid-connected photovoltaic power plant); and (6) a military field telephone office with a constant 300 W load (trailer-mounted auxiliary generator backup). Recommendations for a research and development program on battery energy storage for photovoltaic applications are given, and a discussion of electrical interfacing problems for utility line-connected photovoltaic power systems is included. (WHK)
Podder, A.; Kapner, M.
Development of a High Volume Capable Process to Manufacture High Performance Photovoltaic Cells: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-08-322
The intent of the work is for RFMD and NREL to cooperate in the development of a commercially viable and high volume capable process to manufacture high performance photovoltaic cells, based on inverted metamorphic (IMM) GaAs technology. The successful execution of the agreement will result in the production of a PV cell using technology that is capable of conversion efficiency at par with the market at the time of release (reference 2009: 37-38%), using RFMD's production facilities. The CRADA work has been divided into three phases: (1) a foundation phase where the teams will demonstrate the manufacturing of a basic PV cell at RFMD's production facilities; (2) a technology demonstration phase where the teams will demonstrate the manufacturing of prototype PV cells using IMM technology at RFMD's production facilities, and; (3) a production readiness phase where the teams will demonstrate the capability to manufacture PV cells using IMM technology with high yields, high reliability, high reproducibility and low cost.
Geisz, J. F.
Increasing Community Access to Solar: Designing and Developing a Shared Solar Photovoltaic System (Fact Sheet)
This document introduces the Energy Department's new Guide to Community Shared Solar: Utility, Private, and Nonprofit Project Development. The guide is designed to help those who want to develop community shared solar projects - from community organizers and advocates to utility managers and government officials - navigate the process of developing shared systems, from early planning to implementation.
SunShot Initiative: Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics Photovoltaics The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) aggressively supports development of low-cost, high-efficiency photovoltaic (PV) technologies through the SunShot Initiative, which seeks to make solar electricity cost-competitive with other sources of energy by 2020. Get the Adobe Flash Player to see this video. Text Alternative The DOE SunShot Program advances PV efforts by: Funding research and development in multiple photovoltaic technologies Awarding funds to PV projects with industry partners like solar companies, universities, and national laboratories through a competitive process. Learn more about ways DOE is advancing concentrating solar power R&D, reducing grid integration costs and technology risks, and reducing soft costs associated with solar installations.
Photovoltaic Energy Program overview, fiscal year 1997
The US Department of Energy (DOE) Photovoltaic Energy Program fosters the widespread acceptance of photovoltaic (PV) technology and accelerates commercial use of US PV products. The Program is founded on a collaborative strategy involving industry, the research and development community, potential users, utilities, and state and federal agencies. There are three main Program elements: Systems Engineering and Applications, Technology Development, and Research and Development.
Overview of photovoltaic market studies
A summary of the results of recent studies sponsored by DOE and dealing with potential photovoltaic terrestrial solar energy systems markets is presented. Quantitative data developed by these studies are summarized to assist in planning test and applications programs and in estimating the level of photovoltaic system production capacity required to meet future market needs. Near-term (1976-1985) and mid-term (1986-2000) markets are discussed.
Rattin, E. J.
??Polymer based organic photovoltaic (OPV) is making great progress on solar cell performance in the past decade. As a potential alternative to conventional expensive photovoltaic� (more)
Nie, Wanyi
NREL: Photovoltaics Research - Events
success. The following events and meetings are of interest to partners of NREL Photovoltaics (PV) Research and the National Center for Photovoltaics (NCPV). Printable Version...
American Photovoltaics | Open Energy Information
American Photovoltaics American Photovoltaics Name American Photovoltaics Place Houston, Texas Zip 77002 Sector Solar Product Will manufacture thin-film solar modules Website http://apv-us.com/ Coordinates 29.752554°, -95.3704009° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":29.752554,"lon":-95.3704009,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
SunShot Initiative: Scaling Up Nascent Photovoltaics AT Home
Scaling Up Nascent Photovoltaics Scaling Up Nascent Photovoltaics AT Home to someone by E-mail Share SunShot Initiative: Scaling Up Nascent Photovoltaics AT Home on Facebook Tweet about SunShot Initiative: Scaling Up Nascent Photovoltaics AT Home on Twitter Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Scaling Up Nascent Photovoltaics AT Home on Google Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Scaling Up Nascent Photovoltaics AT Home on Delicious Rank SunShot Initiative: Scaling Up Nascent Photovoltaics AT Home on Digg Find More places to share SunShot Initiative: Scaling Up Nascent Photovoltaics AT Home on AddThis.com... Concentrating Solar Power Photovoltaics Research & Development Competitive Awards Diversity in Science and Technology Advances National Clean Energy in Solar Grid Engineering for Accelerated Renewable Energy Deployment
SunShot Initiative: SunShot Photovoltaic Manufacturing Initiative
SunShot Photovoltaic SunShot Photovoltaic Manufacturing Initiative to someone by E-mail Share SunShot Initiative: SunShot Photovoltaic Manufacturing Initiative on Facebook Tweet about SunShot Initiative: SunShot Photovoltaic Manufacturing Initiative on Twitter Bookmark SunShot Initiative: SunShot Photovoltaic Manufacturing Initiative on Google Bookmark SunShot Initiative: SunShot Photovoltaic Manufacturing Initiative on Delicious Rank SunShot Initiative: SunShot Photovoltaic Manufacturing Initiative on Digg Find More places to share SunShot Initiative: SunShot Photovoltaic Manufacturing Initiative on AddThis.com... Concentrating Solar Power Photovoltaics Research & Development Competitive Awards Diversity in Science and Technology Advances National Clean Energy in Solar Grid Engineering for Accelerated Renewable Energy Deployment
Photovoltaics: Program overview, fiscal year 1992
The US DOE`s Photovoltaics program has helped photovoltaic technologies evolve from materials and concepts in the laboratories to competitive products rolling off automated assembly lines. This document is divided into the following sections: 1992 PV program accomplishments, expanding markets for photovoltaic systems, developing today`s systems with utilities and industry, working with industry to advance the technology, cooperative research to improve materials and devices, selected achievements in cooperative R and D, and PV program services. Figs, tabs.
Development of large-area monolithically integrated silicon-film photovoltaic modules
This report describes work to develop Silicon-Film Product III into a low-cost, stable device for large-scale terrestrial power applications. The Product III structure is a thin (< 100 {mu}m) polycrystalline silicon layer on a non-conductive supporting ceramic substrate. The presence of the substrate allows cells to be isolated and in interconnected monolithically in various series/parallel configurations. The long-term goal for the product is efficiencies over 18% on areas greater than 1200 cm{sup 2}. The high efficiency is made possible through the benefits of using polycrystalline thin silicon incorporated into a light-trapping structure with a passivated back surface. Short-term goals focused on the development of large-area ceramics, a monolithic interconnection process, and 100 cm{sup 2} solar cells. Critical elements of the monolithically integrated device were developed, and an insulating ceramic substrate was developed and tested. A monolithic interconnection process was developed that will isolate and interconnect individual cells on the ceramic surface. Production-based, low-cost process steps were used, and the process was verified using free-standing silicon wafers to achieve an open-circuit voltage (V{sub oc}) of 8.25 V over a 17-element string. The overall efficiency of the silicon-film materials was limited to 6% by impurities. Improved processing and feedstock materials are under investigation.
Rand, J.A.; Bacon, C.; Cotter, J.E.; Lampros, T.H.; Ingram, A.E.; Ruffins, T.R.; Hall, R.B.; Barnett, A.M. (AstroPower, Inc., Newark, DE (United States))
SunEdison Photovoltaic Grid Integration Evaluation: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-08-302
Under this Agreement, NREL will work with SunEdison to monitor and analyze the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems as they relate to grid integration. Initially this project will examine the performance of PV systems with respect to evaluating the benefits and impacts on the electric power grid.
Kroposki, B.
NREL: Learning - Photovoltaics for Electricity Providers
Photovoltaics for Electricity Providers Photovoltaics for Electricity Providers Photo of a photovoltaic system in Virginia. This 15-kilowatt photovoltaic system in Virginia feeds clean energy into the utility grid that supplies the Pentagon with electricity. Utility companies can use the resources on this page to find out more about how utilities are using solar photovoltaics (PV) as well as information about designing solar energy programs. Research, Development and Deployment Utility Technical Engagement A central resource for utilities interested in designing solar energy programs and networking with other utilities with existing solar programs from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Solar Program. NREL Photovoltaics Research A central resource for our nation's capabilities in PV, uniting diverse R&D
Photovoltaic mission analysis: some recent results
Brief accounts of recent short investigations of three different aspects of the interface between photovoltaic solar energy conversion systems and the utility grid are presented. An account is given of some results of a recent investigation of the effect on photovoltaic system economics of the sale of excess photovoltaic electricity to the utility company. A recently developed economic dispatch model was used to study the changes that can be expected to take place in the dispatching of power from conventional plants in a utility system when a photovoltaic power plant is added to the generation mix. Also, a report is given on a set of structured interviews with high management personnel of eight different utility companies, located in various parts of the U.S. -- interviews in which utility attitudes toward photovoltaic power generation, in general, and toward utility-related photovoltaic experiments, in particular, were explored.
Bogen, A. H.; Leonard, S. L.; Siegel, B.
Development of Substrate Structure CdTe Photovoltaic Devices with Performance Exceeding 10%: Preprint
Most work on CdTe-based solar cells has focused on devices with a superstrate structure. This focus is due to the early success of the superstrate structure in producing high-efficiency cells, problems of suitable ohmic contacts for lightly doped CdTe, and the simplicity of the structure for manufacturing. The development of the CdCl2 heat treatment boosted CdTe technology and perpetuated the use of the superstrate structure. However, despite the beneficial attributes of the superstrate structure, devices with a substrate structure are attractive both commercially and scientifically. The substrate structure eliminates the need for transparent superstrates and thus allows the use of flexible metal and possibly plastic substrates. From a scientific perspective, it allows better control in forming the junction and direct access to the junction for detailed analysis. Research on such devices has been limited. The efficiency of these devices has been limited to around 8% due to low open-circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor. In this paper, we present our recent device development efforts at NREL on substrate-structure CdTe devices. We have found that processing parameters required to fabricate high-efficiency substrate CdTe PV devices differ from those necessary for traditional superstrate CdTe devices. We have worked on a variety of contact materials including Cu-doped ZnTe and CuxTe. We will present a comparative analysis of the performance of these contacts. In addition, we have studied the influence of fabrication parameters on junction properties. We will present an overview of our development work, which has led to CdTe devices with Voc values of more than 860 mV and NREL-confirmed efficiencies approaching 11%.
Dhere, R. G.; Duenow, J. N.; DeHart, C. M.; Li, J. V.; Kuciauskas, D.; Gessert, T. A.
The Solar Energy Consortium of New York Photovoltaic Research and Development Center
Project Objective: To lead New York State to increase its usage of solar electric systems. The expected outcome is that appropriate technologies will be made available which in turn will help to eliminate barriers to solar energy usage in New York State. Background: The Solar Energy Consortium has been created to lead New York State research on solar systems specifically directed at doubling the efficiency, halving the cost and reducing the cost of installation as well as developing unique form factors for the New York City urban environment.
Klein, Petra M.
International Photovoltaic Program Plan. Volume II. Appendices
This second volume of a two-part report on the International Photovoltaic Program Plan contains appendices summarizing the results of analyses conducted in preparation of the plan. These analyses include compilations of relevant statutes and existing Federal programs; strategies designed to expand the use of photovoltaics abroad; information on the domestic photovoltaic plan and its impact on the proposed international plan; perspectives on foreign competition; industry views on the international photovoltaic market and ideas about how US government actions could affect this market; international financing issues; and information on issues affecting foreign policy and developing countries.
Cadmium telluride photovoltaic radiation detector
A dosimetry-type radiation detector is provided which employs a polycrystalline, chlorine-compensated cadmium telluride wafer fabricated to operate as a photovoltaic current generator used as the basic detecting element. A photovoltaic junction is formed in the wafer by painting one face of the cadmium telluride wafer with an n-type semiconductive material. The opposite face of the wafer is painted with an electrically conductive material to serve as a current collector. The detector is mounted in a hermetically sealed vacuum containment. The detector is operated in a photovoltaic mode (zero bias) while DC coupled to a symmetrical differential current amplifier having a very low input impedance. The amplifier converts the current signal generated by radiation impinging upon the barrier surface face of the wafer to a voltage which is supplied to a voltmeter calibrated to read quantitatively the level of radiation incident upon the detecting wafer.
Agouridis, Dimitrios C. (Oak Ridge, TN); Fox, Richard J. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Photovoltaics: New opportunities for utilities
This publication presents information on photovoltaics. The following topics are discussed: Residential Photovoltaics: The New England Experience Builds Confidence in PV; Austin's 300-kW Photovoltaic Power Station: Evaluating the Breakeven Costs; Residential Photovoltaics: The Lessons Learned; Photovoltaics for Electric Utility Use; Least-Cost Planning: The Environmental Link; Photovoltaics in the Distribution System; Photovoltaic Systems for the Rural Consumer; The Issues of Utility-Intertied Photovoltaics; and Photovoltaics for Large-Scale Use: Costs Ready to Drop Again.
Photovoltaic self-assembly.
This late-start LDRD was focused on the application of chemical principles of self-assembly on the ordering and placement of photovoltaic cells in a module. The drive for this chemical-based self-assembly stems from the escalating prices in the 'pick-and-place' technology currently used in the MEMS industries as the size of chips decreases. The chemical self-assembly principles are well-known on a molecular scale in other material science systems but to date had not been applied to the assembly of cells in a photovoltaic array or module. We explored several types of chemical-based self-assembly techniques, including gold-thiol interactions, liquid polymer binding, and hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions designed to array both Si and GaAs PV chips onto a substrate. Additional research was focused on the modification of PV cells in an effort to gain control over the facial directionality of the cells in a solvent-based environment. Despite being a small footprint research project worked on for only a short time, the technical results and scientific accomplishments were significant and could prove to be enabling technology in the disruptive advancement of the microelectronic photovoltaics industry.
Lavin, Judith; Kemp, Richard Alan; Stewart, Constantine A.
Initiative: Photovoltaics on Twitter Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Photovoltaics on Google Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Photovoltaics on Delicious Rank SunShot Initiative:...
GAP analysis towards a design qualification standard development for grid-connected photovoltaic inverters.
A dedicated design qualification standard for PV inverters does not exist. Development of a well-accepted design qualification standard, specifically for PV inverters will significantly improve the reliability and performance of inverters. The existing standards for PV inverters such as ANSI/UL 1741 and IEC 62109-1 primarily focus on safety of PV inverters. The IEC 62093 discusses inverter qualification but it includes all the BOS components. There are other general standards for distributed generators including the IEEE 1547 series of standards which cover major concerns like utility integration but they are not dedicated to PV inverters and are not written from a design qualification point of view. In this paper some of the potential requirements for a design qualification standard for PV inverters are addressed. The missing links in existing PV inverter related standards are identified and with the IEC 62093 as a guideline, the possible inclusions in the framework for a dedicated design qualification standard of PV inverter are discussed. Some of the key missing links are related to electric stress tests. Hence, a method to adapt the existing surge withstand test standards for use in design qualification standard of PV inverter is presented.
Tamizhmani, Govindasamy (Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ); Granata, Jennifer E.; Maracas, George (Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ); Ayyanar, Raja (Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ); Marinella, Matthew; Venkataramanan, Sai Balasubramanian Alampoondi (Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ)
Adaptable Inverter for Injection of Fuel Cell and Photovoltaic Power
important to apply renewable energies and efficient technologies. For power injection of photovoltaic with different energy sources such as photovoltaic, fuel cell and battery. It is possible to adjust active inverter. These inverters for injection of photovoltaic energy are developed only for this purpose
Kulig, Stefan
Final Technical Progress Report: High-Efficiency Low-Cost Thin-Film GaAs Photovoltaic Module Development Program; July 14, 2010 - January 13, 2012
This is the final technical progress report of the High-Efficiency Low-Cost Thin-Film GaAs Photovoltaic Module Development Program. Alta Devices has successfully completed all milestones and deliverables established as part of the NREL PV incubator program. During the 18 months of this program, Alta has proven all key processes required to commercialize its solar module product. The incubator focus was on back end process steps directed at conversion of Alta's high quality solar film into high efficiency 1-sun PV modules. This report describes all program deliverables and the work behind each accomplishment.
Mattos, L.
City of San Jose - Photovoltaic Permit Requirements (California...
Jose - Solar Hot Water Heaters & Photovoltaic Systems Permit Requirements Incentive Type SolarWind Permitting Standards Applicable Sector Commercial, Construction, Industrial,...
Case Studies of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems, Vol. 1
This interim report documents a number of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) case studies, covering a broad range of different system and project types.
Photovoltaic Subcontract Program, FY 1991
This report summarizes the fiscal year (FY) 1991 (October 1, 1990, through September 30, 1991) progress of the subcontracted photovoltaic (PV) research and development (R D) performed under the Photovoltaic Advanced Research and Development Project at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) -- formerly the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI). The mission of the national PV program is to develop PV technology for large-scale generation of economically competitive electric power in the United States. The technical sections of the report cover the main areas of the subcontract program: the Amorphous Silicon Research Project, Polycrystalline Thin Films, Crystalline Silicon Materials Research, High-Efficiency Concepts, the New Ideas Program, the University Participation Program, and the Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology (PVMaT) project. Technical summaries of each of the subcontracted programs provide a discussion of approaches, major accomplishments in FY 1991, and future research directions.
A study of potential high band-gap photovoltaic materials for a two step photon intermediate technique in fission energy conversion. Final report
This report describes progress made to develop a high bandgap photovoltaic materials for direct conversion to electricity of excimer radiation produced by fission energy pumped laser. This report summarizes the major achievements in sections. The first section covers n-type diamond. The second section covers forced diffusion. The third section covers radiation effects. The fourth section covers progress in Schottky barrier and heterojunction photovoltaic cells. The fifth section covers cell and reactor development.
Prelas, M.A.
VISUALS: Photovoltaic Solar Cells Close-Up
Jan 10, 2008 ... This site contains very close-up static and portrait shots of photovoltaic solar cells and cell arrays. Two cell types are shown: A silver and gray�...
Photovoltaic module reliability workshop
The paper and presentations compiled in this volume form the Proceedings of the fourth in a series of Workshops sponsored by Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI/DOE) under the general theme of photovoltaic module reliability during the period 1986--1990. The reliability Photo Voltaic (PV) modules/systems is exceedingly important along with the initial cost and efficiency of modules if the PV technology has to make a major impact in the power generation market, and for it to compete with the conventional electricity producing technologies. The reliability of photovoltaic modules has progressed significantly in the last few years as evidenced by warranties available on commercial modules of as long as 12 years. However, there is still need for substantial research and testing required to improve module field reliability to levels of 30 years or more. Several small groups of researchers are involved in this research, development, and monitoring activity around the world. In the US, PV manufacturers, DOE laboratories, electric utilities and others are engaged in the photovoltaic reliability research and testing. This group of researchers and others interested in this field were brought together under SERI/DOE sponsorship to exchange the technical knowledge and field experience as related to current information in this important field. The papers presented here reflect this effort.
Mrig, L. (ed.)
Photovoltaic properties of n-type SnS contact on the unpolished p-type Si surfaces with and without sulfide treatment
The fabrication and detailed electrical properties of heterojunction diodes based on n-type SnS (n-SnS) and p-type Si (p-Si) were reported. The effect of sulfide treatment of p-Si on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the n-SnS/unpolished p-Si ... Keywords: Si, SnS, Solar cells, Surface treatment
Chung-Cheng Huang, Yow-Jon Lin, Chia-Jyi Liu, Yao-Wei Yang
Photovoltaic mission analysis. Progress report, March 1--June 30, 1977
This report covers the first four months of activity in a project whose overall objective is to support the planning, development, and guidance of the ERDA National Photovoltaic Program by (a) identifying and evaluating those applications for terrestrial photovoltaic conversion of solar energy that are most likely to lead to significant contributions to the national energy supply, (b) identifying and evaluating appropriate strategies for stimulating the growth of near-term (1977--1986) and mid-term (1986--2000) photovoltaic markets, and (c) providing technical and documentation support to the ERDA Photovoltaic Program Office. In the current project, the effort to achieve these objectives has been divided among four tasks: Task 1, Photovoltaic Total Energy Missions; Task 2, Intermediate-to-Large Load Center Applications for Photovoltaic Electricity; Task 3, Incentive Strategies for the ERDA Photovoltaic Program; and Task 4, Photovoltaic Solar Energy Program Technical and Management Support. Progress on tasks 1 and 2 is reported.
Leonard, S. L.; Rattin, E. J.; Siegel, B.
Process Development for CIGS-Based Thin-Film Photovoltaic Modules; Phase I Technical Report, 5 February 1998--4 February 1999
This report describes work performed by Global Solar Energy (GSE) under Phase I of this subcontract. GSE has initiated an extensive and systematic plan to accelerate the commercialization of thin-film photovoltaics (PV) on copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS). GSE is developing the technology to deposit and monolithically integrate CIGS photovoltaics on a flexible substrate. CIGS-deposited on flexible substrates can be fabricated into either flexible or rigid modules. Low-cost, rigid PV panels for remote power, bulk/utility, telecommunications, and rooftop applications will be produced by affixing the flexible CIGS to an expensive rigid panel by lamination or adhesive. In the GSE approach, long (up to 700 m) continuous rolls of substrate are processed, as opposed to individual small glass plates. In combination with roll-to-roll processing, GSE is developing evaporation deposition operations that enable low-cost and high-efficiency CIGS modules. Efforts are under way to transition the CIGS deposition process into manufacturing at GSE. CIGS process development is focused on synchronizing the operation of the effusion sources, the Se delivery profile, substrate temperature, and a host of other parameters. GSE has selected an interconnect scheme and procured, installed, and tested the equipment necessary to implement the cell interconnection for thin-film CIGS modules on a polyimide substrate.
Britt, J., Wiedeman, S.; Wendt, R.; Albright, S.
List of Photovoltaics Incentives | Open Energy Information
Photovoltaics Incentives Photovoltaics Incentives Jump to: navigation, search The following contains the list of 2359 Photovoltaics Incentives. CSV (rows 1-500) CSV (rows 501-1000) CSV (rows 1001-1500) CSV (rows 1501-2000) CSV (rows 2001-2359) Incentive Incentive Type Place Applicable Sector Eligible Technologies Active 30% Business Tax Credit for Solar (Vermont) Corporate Tax Credit Vermont Commercial Industrial Photovoltaics Solar Space Heat Solar Thermal Electric Solar Thermal Process Heat Solar Water Heat No AEP Ohio - Renewable Energy Credit (REC) Purchase Program (Ohio) Performance-Based Incentive Ohio Agricultural Commercial Fed. Government Industrial Institutional Local Government Nonprofit Residential Schools State Government Photovoltaics Wind energy Yes AEP Ohio - Renewable Energy Technology Program (Ohio) Utility Rebate Program Ohio Agricultural
Development of large-area monolithically integrated silicon-film{trademark} photovoltaic modules. Final subcontract report, May 1, 1991--December 31, 1994
The objective of this program is to develop Silicon Film{trademark} Product III into a low-cost, stable solar cell for large-scale terrestrial power applications. The Product III structure is a thin (<100 {mu}m) polycrystalline layer of silicon on a durable, insulating, ceramic substrate. The insulating substrate allows the silicon layer to be isolated and metallized to form a monolithically interconnected array of solar cells. High efficiency is achieved by the use of light trapping and passivated surfaces. This project focused on the development of five key technologies associated with the monolithic sub-module device structure: (1) development of the film deposition and growth processes; (2) development of the low-cost ceramic substrate; (3) development of a metallurgical barrier technology; (4) development of sub-element solar cell processing techniques; and (5) development of sub-module (isolation and interconnection) processes. This report covers the development approaches and results relating to these technologies. Significant progress has been made in the development of all of the related technologies. This is evidenced by the fabrication of a working 12.0 cm{sup 2} prototype sub-module consisting of 7 elements and testing with an open circuit voltage of 3.9 volts, a short circuit current of 35.2 mA and a fill factor of 63% and an overall efficiency of 7.3%. Another significant result achieved is a 13.4% (NREL verified), 1.0 cm{sup 2} solar cell fabricated from material deposited and grown on a graphite cloth substrate. The significant technological hurdle of the program was and remains the low quality of the photovoltaic layer which is caused by contamination of the photovoltaic layer from the low-cost ceramic substrate by trace impurities found in the substrate precursor materials. The ceramic substrate and metallurgical barrier are being developed specifically to solve this problem.
Hall, R.B.; Rand, J.A.; Cotter, J.E. [AstroPower, Inc., Newark, DE (United States)
Photovoltaic manufacturing technology
This report identifies steps leading to manufacturing large volumes of low-cost, large-area photovoltaic (PV) modules. Both crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon technologies were studied. Cost reductions for each step were estimated and compared to Solarex Corporation's manufacturing costs. A cost model, a simple version of the SAMICS methodology developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), projected PV selling prices. Actual costs of materials, labor, product yield, etc., were used in the cost model. The JPL cost model compared potential ways of lowering costs. Solarex identified the most difficult technical challenges that, if overcome, would reduce costs. Preliminary research plans were developed to solve the technical problems. 13 refs.
Wohlgemuth, J.H.; Whitehouse, D.; Wiedeman, S.; Catalano, A.W.; Oswald, R. (Solarex Corp., Frederick, MD (United States))
Photovoltaics | Open Energy Information
Photovoltaics Photovoltaics (Redirected from Photovoltaic) Jump to: navigation, search (The following text is derived from NREL's description of photovoltaic technology.)[1] Photovoltaic Panels Solar cells, also called photovoltaic (PV) cells by scientists, convert sunlight directly into electricity. PV gets its name from the process of converting light (photons) to electricity (voltage), which is called the PV effect. The PV effect was discovered in 1954, when scientists at Bell Telephone discovered that silicon (an element found in sand) created an electric charge when exposed to sunlight. Soon solar cells were being used to power space satellites and smaller items like calculators and watches. Today, thousands of people power their homes and businesses with individual
Recycling of cadmium and selenium from photovoltaic modules and manufacturing wastes
Since the development of the first silicon based photovoltaic cell in the 1950's, large advances have been made in photovoltaic material and processing options. At present there is growing interest in the commercial potential of cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium diselenide (CIS) photovoltaic modules. As the commercial potential of these technologies becomes more apparent, interest in the environmental, health and safety issues associated with their production, use and disposal has also increased because of the continuing regulatory focus on cadmium and selenium. In future, recycling of spent or broken CdTe and CIS modules and manufacturing wastes may be needed for environmental, economic or political reasons. To assist industry to identify recycling options early in the commercialization process, a Workshop was convened. At this Workshop, representatives from the photovoltaic, electric utility, and nonferrous metals industries met to explore technical and institutional options for the recycling of spent CdTe and CIS modules and manufacturing wastes. This report summarizes the results of the Workshop. This report includes: (1) A discussion of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act regulations and their potential implications to the photovoltaic industry; (2) an assessment of the needs of the photovoltaic industry from the perspective of module manufacturers and consumers; (3) an overview of recycling technologies now employed by other industries for similar types of materials; and, (4) a list of recommendation.
Moskowitz, P.D.; Zweibel, K. (eds.)
Recycling of cadmium and selenium from photovoltaic modules and manufacturing wastes. A workshop report
Since the development of the first silicon based photovoltaic cell in the 1950`s, large advances have been made in photovoltaic material and processing options. At present there is growing interest in the commercial potential of cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium diselenide (CIS) photovoltaic modules. As the commercial potential of these technologies becomes more apparent, interest in the environmental, health and safety issues associated with their production, use and disposal has also increased because of the continuing regulatory focus on cadmium and selenium. In future, recycling of spent or broken CdTe and CIS modules and manufacturing wastes may be needed for environmental, economic or political reasons. To assist industry to identify recycling options early in the commercialization process, a Workshop was convened. At this Workshop, representatives from the photovoltaic, electric utility, and nonferrous metals industries met to explore technical and institutional options for the recycling of spent CdTe and CIS modules and manufacturing wastes. This report summarizes the results of the Workshop. This report includes: (1) A discussion of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act regulations and their potential implications to the photovoltaic industry; (2) an assessment of the needs of the photovoltaic industry from the perspective of module manufacturers and consumers; (3) an overview of recycling technologies now employed by other industries for similar types of materials; and, (4) a list of recommendation.
Moskowitz, P.D.; Zweibel, K. [eds.
Scale-Up of CdTe Photovoltaic Device Processes for Commercial Application: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-06-196
Through this Cooperative Research and Development Agreement, NREL and PrimeStar Solar will work together to scale up the NREL CdTe photovoltaic process from the laboratory to produce photovoltaic devices in a size that is commercially viable. The work in this phase will focus on the transference of NREL CdTe device fabrication techniques to PrimeStar Solar. NREL and PrimeStar Solar will engage in a series of technical exchange meetings and laboratory training sessions to transfer the knowledge of CdTe PV film growth from NREL to PrimeStar Solar. PrimeStar Solar will grow thin films on PrimeStar Solar equipment and interleave them with NREL-grown films in an effort to develop a commercial scale process on PrimeStar Solar equipment. Select NREL film growth equipment will be upgraded either by PrimeStar Solar or at PrimeStar Solar's expense to increase equipment reliability and throughput.
Albin, D.
Improved Organic Photovoltaics - Energy Innovation Portal
Solar Photovoltaic Improved Organic Photovoltaics B4 Materials For Organic Semiconductor Applications, Including Molecular Electronics And Organic Photovoltaics
Design and development of a high-concentration and high-efficiency photovoltaic concentrator using a curved Fresnel lens
Thermo Electron has designed a high concentration photovoltaic module that uses a domed, point-focus Fresnel lens. Their design, design optimization process, and results from lens and receiver tests are described in this report. A complete module has not been fabricated and probably will not be fabricated in the future; however, Thermo Electron's optical design, analysis, and testing of both secondary optical units and domed Fresnel lenses have made a significant contribution to our project. Tooling errors prevented the lens from reaching its potential efficiency by the end of the contract, and resolution of these tooling problems is currently being attempted with a follow-on contract, No. 68-9463.
Scharlack, R.S.; Moffat, A.
NREL: Photovoltaics Research Home Page
Photo of Photovoltaic Solar Panels. Photo of Photovoltaic Solar Panels. Solar Installer Surveys DOE needs your input to reduce the "soft costs" of solar PV installations that impact your business. Complete the residential survey and commercial survey today! Photovoltaic (PV) research at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) focuses on boosting solar cell conversion efficiencies, lowering the cost of solar cells, modules, and systems, and improving the reliability of PV components and systems. NREL's PV effort contributes to these goals through fundamental research, advanced materials and devices, and technology development. Our scientists are pursuing critical activities that will help to accomplish the goal of the U.S. Department of Energy's SunShot Initiative-to make large-scale solar energy systems cost-competitive with
Battery testing for photovoltaic applications
Battery testing for photovoltaic (PV) applications is funded at Sandia under the Department of Energy`s (DOE) Photovoltaic Balance of Systems (BOS) Program. The goal of the PV BOS program is to improve PV system component design, operation, reliability, and to reduce overall life-cycle costs. The Sandia battery testing program consists of: (1) PV battery and charge controller market survey, (2) battery performance and life-cycle testing, (3) PV charge controller development, and (4) system field testing. Test results from this work have identified market size and trends, PV battery test procedures, application guidelines, and needed hardware improvements.
Hund, T.
The fact sheet summarizes the goals and activities of the DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program efforts within its photovoltaics subprogram.
Electroluminescence in photovoltaic cell
Here we propose two methods to get electroluminescence images from photovoltaic cells in a school or home lab.
Petraglia, Antonio; 10.1088/0031-9120/46/5/F01
Photovoltaic Technology Incubator Awards
This factsheet gives an overview of the Photovoltaic (PV) Technology Incubator Awards and the Solar America Initiative (SAI).
Energy Basics: Photovoltaic Cells
Energy Basics: Photovoltaic Systems
Superior Valley photovoltaic power processing and system controller evaluation
Sandia National Laboratories, sponsored by the US Department of Energy`s Office of Energy Management, conducts the photovoltaic balance-of-system program. Under this program, Sandia supports the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research Development Plan, SERDP, which is advancing the use of photovoltaics in operational DoD facilities. This report details the acceptance testing of the first of these photovoltaic hybrid systems: the Superior Valley photovoltaic-diesel hybrid system. This is the first of several photovoltaic installations for the Department of Defense. The system hardware tested at Sandia included an inverter, maximum power trackers, and a system controller.
Bonn, R.; Ginn, J.; Zirzow, J.; Sittler, G.
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Buying a PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ELECTRIC SYSTEM A Consumer Guide 2003 System: A Consumer Guide i Buying a Photovoltaic Solar Electric System A Consumer Guide California Energy water system that uses the sun's energy to heat water, solar electric or photovoltaic technology uses
Krothapalli, Anjaneyulu
Photovoltaic Energy Conversion
Photovoltaic Energy Conversion Frank Zimmermann #12;Solar Electricity Generation Consumes no fuel Buy Solar Energy Stocks? Make Photovoltaics your Profession! #12;Challenges Make solar cells more and fossil fuel depletion problems! #12;Photovoltaics: Explosive Growth #12;Take Advantage of Solar Megatrend
Glashausser, Charles
Integrated Photovoltaics | Open Energy Information
Name Integrated Photovoltaics Name Integrated Photovoltaics Place Sunnyvale, California Product California-based stealth mode PV startup. Coordinates 32.780338°, -96.547405° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":32.780338,"lon":-96.547405,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
NREL: Photovoltaics Research - Company Partners in Photovoltaic
Company Partners in Photovoltaic Manufacturing R&D Company Partners in Photovoltaic Manufacturing R&D More than 40 private-sector companies partnered with NREL on successful efforts within the PV Manufacturing R&D Project. They included manufacturers of crystalline silicon, thin-film, and concentrator solar technologies. The companies are listed below. Advanced Energy Systems Alpha Solarco ASE Americas AstroPower/GE Energy Boeing Aerospace BP Solar Cronar Crystal Systems Dow Corning Energy Conversion Devices Energy Photovoltaics ENTECH Evergreen Solar First Solar Glasstech Solar Global Photovoltaic Specialists Global Solar Energy Golden Photon Iowa Thin Film Technologies ITN Energy Systems Kopin Mobil Solar Energy Omnion Power Engineering Photon Energy Photovoltaics International PowerLight RWE Schott Solar/Schott Solar
Development and testing of shingle-type solar cell modules. Final report
The design, development, fabrication and testing of a shingle-type terrestrial solar cell module which produces 98 watts/m/sup 2/ of exposed module area at 1 kW/m/sup 2/ insolation and 61/sup 0/C are reported. These modules make it possible to easily incorporate photovoltaic power generation into the sloping roofs of residential or commercial buildings by simply nailing the modules to the plywood roof sheathing. This design consists of nineteen series-connected 53 mm diameter solar cells arranged in a closely packaged hexagon configuration. These cells are individually bonded to the embossed surface of a 3 mm thick thermally tempered hexagon-shaped piece of ASG SUNADEX glass. Monsanto SAFLEX polyvinyl butyral is used as the laminating adhesive. RTVII functions as the encapsulant between the underside of the glass superstrate and a rear protective sheet of 0.8 mm thick TEXTOLITE. The semi-flexible portion of each shingle module is a composite laminate construction consisting of outer layers of B.F. Goodrich FLEXSEAL and an epichlorohydrin closed cell foam core. The module design has satisfactorily survived the JPL-defined qualification testing program which includes 50 thermal cycles between -40 and +90/sup 0/C, a seven-day temperature-humidity exposure test and a mechanical integrity test consisting of a bidirectional cyclic loading at 2390 Pa (50 lb/ft/sup 2/) which is intended to simulate loads due to a 45 m/s (100 mph) wind.
Shepard, N.F.
Data base on batteries, power-conditioning equipment, and photovoltaic arrays. Final report
The objective of this study was to compile an up-to-date comprehensive data base for research, design, and development of photovoltaic systems, primarily in the areas of applications and battery technology, and secondarily in the area of power conditioning and photovoltaic array technology. This volume contains the data base used to develop the end-use scenarios and identify the R and D needed for batteries to be used in photovoltaic power systems. In addition to its specific application to the present study, this data base is intended to provide state-of-the-art information to manufacturers of the various components of photovoltaic power systems, system designers, and researchers in this field. An extensive literature search was conducted to obtain technical data on batteries, power conditioners, and photovoltaic arrays. The data obtained from published technical literature and direct communication with manufacturers and developers are compiled. Principles of operation, types of systems, performance characteristics, test data, and cost data are included for each of the components. (WHK)
Podder, A.; Kapner, M.; Morse, T.
Photovoltaics -- Energy for the new millennium
This Photovoltaic Program Five-Year Plan is being published today, January 1, 2000. This five-year plan provides a strategy for research and development to advance the technology.
Cook, G.; Gwinner, D.
Evaluation of Lifetime of High Efficiency Organic Photovoltaic Devices: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-10-379
As a part of this joint work, Solarmer and NREL will investigate the lifetime and stability of Organic Photovoltaic Devices based on Solarmer high efficiency active layer materials.
Olson, D.
Renewable Energies and Photovoltaics Spain S L REPS | Open Energy
Energies and Photovoltaics Spain S L REPS Energies and Photovoltaics Spain S L REPS Jump to: navigation, search Name Renewable Energies and Photovoltaics Spain S.L. (REPS) Place Spain Sector Solar Product Spanish solar project developer. The firm is a subsidiary of Norwegian energy company Statkraft. References Renewable Energies and Photovoltaics Spain S.L. (REPS)[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Renewable Energies and Photovoltaics Spain S.L. (REPS) is a company located in Spain . References ↑ "Renewable Energies and Photovoltaics Spain S.L. (REPS)" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Renewable_Energies_and_Photovoltaics_Spain_S_L_REPS&oldid=350310"
Introduction to Small-Scale Photovoltaic Systems (Including RETScreen Case
Introduction to Small-Scale Photovoltaic Systems (Including RETScreen Case Introduction to Small-Scale Photovoltaic Systems (Including RETScreen Case Study) (Webinar) Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Introduction to Small-Scale Photovoltaic Systems (Including RETScreen Case Study) (Webinar) Focus Area: Solar Topics: Market Analysis Website: www.leonardo-energy.org/webinar-introduction-small-scale-photovoltaic- Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/introduction-small-scale-photovoltaic Language: English Policies: Deployment Programs DeploymentPrograms: Project Development This video teaches the viewer about photovoltaic arrays and RETscreen's photovoltaic module, which can be used to project the cost and production of an array. An example case study was
Next-Generation Distributed Power Management for Photovoltaic...
Office EETD Safety Program Development Contact Us Department Contacts Media Contacts Next-Generation Distributed Power Management for Photovoltaic Systems Speaker(s): Jason Stauth...
Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) in the Residential Sector...
For more than 30 years, there have been strong efforts to accelerate the deployment of solar- electric systems by developing photovoltaic (PV) products that are fully integrated...
High-Efficiency Photovoltaics at Thin Film Costs
Time (Years) 0-+ 5. 10. 15. 20. 25. Opportunity. Technology. ... � 15 years renewable energy business development ... High-Efficiency Photovoltaics at ...
Definition: Photovoltaics | Open Energy Information
Photovoltaics Photovoltaics Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Photovoltaics Pertaining to the direct conversion of light into electricity[1][2] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Photovoltaics (PV) is a method of generating electrical power by converting solar radiation into direct current electricity using semiconductors that exhibit the photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaic power generation employs solar panels composed of a number of solar cells containing a photovoltaic material. Materials presently used for photovoltaics include monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride, and copper indium gallium selenide/sulfide. Due to the increased demand for renewable energy sources, the manufacturing of solar cells and photovoltaic arrays has advanced
Photovoltaic Subcontract Program, FY 1990
This report summarizes the progress of the subcontracted photovoltaic (PV) research and development (R D) performed under the Photovoltaics Program at the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI). The SERI subcontracted PV research and development represents most of the subcontracted R D that is funded by the US Department of Energy (DOE) National Photovoltaics Program. This report covers fiscal year (FY) 1990: October 1, 1989 through September 30, 1990. During FY 1990, the SERI PV program started to implement a new DOE subcontract initiative, entitled the Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology (PVMaT) Project.'' Excluding (PVMaT) because it was in a start-up phase, in FY 1990 there were 54 subcontracts with a total annualized funding of approximately $11.9 million. Approximately two-thirds of those subcontracts were with universities, at a total funding of over $3.3 million. Cost sharing by industry added another $4.3 million to that $11.9 million of SERI PV subcontracted R D. The six technical sections of this report cover the previously ongoing areas of the subcontracted program: the Amorphous Silicon Research Project, Polycrystalline Thin Films, Crystalline Silicon Materials Research, High-Efficiency Concepts, the New Ideas Program, and the University Participation Program. Technical summaries of each of the subcontracted programs discuss approaches, major accomplishments in FY 1990, and future research directions. Another section introduces the PVMaT project and reports the progress since its inception in FY 1990. Highlights of technology transfer activities are also reported.
Summers, K.A. (ed.)
NREL: Photovoltaics Research - High-Performance Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics In an ideal multijunction cell, the top layer produces most of the total power, so the top layer should be of the highest quality. However, in conventional designs...
Battery compatibility with photovoltaic charge controllers
Photovoltaic (PV) systems offer a cost-effective solution to provide electrical power for a wide variety of applications, with battery performance playing a major role in their success. This paper presents some of the results of an industry meeting regarding battery specifications and ratings that photovoltaic system designers require, but do not typically have available to them. Communications between the PV industry and the battery industry regarding appropriate specifications have been uncoordinated and poor in the past. This paper also discusses the effort under way involving the PV industry and battery manufacturers, and provides a working draft of specifications to develop and outline the information sorely needed on batteries. The development of this information is referred to as ``Application Notes for Batteries in Photovoltaic Systems.`` The content of these ``notes`` has been compiled from various sources, including the input from the results of a survey on battery use in the photovoltaic industry. Only lead-acid batteries are discussed
Harrington, S.R. [Ktech Corp., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Bower, W.I. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Photovoltaic markets: a review and assessment
Available information on potential markets for photovoltaic power systems is reviewed. A set of key parameters which affect the rate of photovoltaic market penetration is used to develop a simple anaytical structure that characterizes potential markets. Completed studies on photovoltaic markets were reviewed to describe potential markets using this structure. Selected markets were then examined in greater detail in a market demand workshop attended by potential purchasers in these markets. Available information, while sufficient to provide a rudimentary indication of how markets might develop, does not allow the construction of any single market scenario in which a high level of confidence can be placed. Major uncertainties in the available information on photovoltaic markets are highlighted.
Posner, D. M.
NREL Photovoltaic Program FY 1993
This report reviews the in-house and subcontracted research and development (R&D) activities under the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Photovoltaic (PV) Program from October 1, 1992, through September 30, 1993 (fiscal year [FY] 1993). The NREL PV Program is part of the U.S. Department of Energy`s (DOE`s) National Photovoltaics Program, as described in the DOE Photovoltaics Program Plan, FY 1991 - FY 1995. The FY 1993 budget authority (BA) for carrying out the NREL PV Program was $40.1 million in operating funds and $0.9 million in capital equipment funds. An additional $4.8 million in capital equipment funds were made available for the new Solar Energy Research Facility (SERF) that will house the in-house PV laboratories beginning in FY 1994. Subcontract activities represent a major part of the NREL PV Program, with more than $23.7 million (nearly 59%) of the FY 1993 operating funds going to 70 subcontractors. In FY 1993, DOE assigned certain other PV subcontracting efforts to the DOE Golden Field Office (DOE/GO), and assigned responsibility for their technical support to the NREL PV Program. An example is the PV:BONUS (Building Opportunities in the U.S. for Photovoltaics) Project. These DOE/GO efforts are also reported in this document.
Photovoltaics Photovoltaics (Redirected from Solar Photovoltaics) Jump to: navigation, search (The following text is derived from NREL's description of photovoltaic technology.)[1] Photovoltaic Panels Solar cells, also called photovoltaic (PV) cells by scientists, convert sunlight directly into electricity. PV gets its name from the process of converting light (photons) to electricity (voltage), which is called the PV effect. The PV effect was discovered in 1954, when scientists at Bell Telephone discovered that silicon (an element found in sand) created an electric charge when exposed to sunlight. Soon solar cells were being used to power space satellites and smaller items like calculators and watches. Today, thousands of people power their homes and businesses with individual
Chalcopyrite Heterojunction Photovoltaic Devices
This indicates that a p-n junction with photovoltaic response was formed between the films and Si. The estimated open -circuit voltage VOC for these devices is�...
Photovoltaics in the Classroom
that addresses several important topics, including: basics of electric power and energy; basics of photovoltaics and solar geometry; basics of data analysis for school...
Concentrating Photovoltaics (Presentation)
Solar is growing rapidly, and the concentrating photovoltaics industry-both high- and low-concentration cell approaches-may be ready to ramp production in 2009.
Kurtz, S.
Ligitek Photovoltaic | Open Energy Information
Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon Ligitek Photovoltaic Jump to: navigation, search Name Ligitek Photovoltaic Place Taiwan Sector Solar Product Ligitek solar...
Next-Generation Photovoltaic Technologies
Next-Generation Photovoltaic Technologies Next-Generation Photovoltaic Technologies Print Monday, 06 February 2012 15:48 Organic solar cells based on the polymerfullerene bulk...
NREL Photovoltaic Program FY 1996 Annual Report
This report summarizes the in-house and subcontract research and development (R&D) activities under the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Photovoltaics (PV) Program from October 1, 1995 through September 30, 1996 (fiscal year [FY] 1996). The NREL PV Program is part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) National Photovoltaics Program, as described in the DOE Photovoltaics Program Plan, FY 1991 - FY 1995. The mission of the DOE National Photovoltaics Program is to: "Work in partnership with U.S. industry to develop and deploy photovoltaic technology for generating economically competitive electric power, making photovoltaics an important contributor to the nation's and the world's energy use and environmental improvement. The two primary goals of the national program are to (1) maintain the U.S. PV industry's world leadership in research and technology development and (2) help the U.S. industry remain a major, profitable force in the world market. The NREL PV Program provides leadership and support to the national program toward achieving its mission and goals.
Photovoltaics Fact Sheet Harvard Green Campus Initiative
at Harvard (the Science Center PV). They provide turnkey services under a design/build contract. Solar DesignSolar Glass Fact Sheet Harvard Green Campus Initiative What is Solar Glass? Solar glass is a type of thin-film or building-integrated photovoltaic (PV) panel. It incorporates amorphous silicon (a type
Paulsson, Johan
Aurora Photovoltaics Manufacturing | Open Energy Information
Aurora Photovoltaics Manufacturing Aurora Photovoltaics Manufacturing Jump to: navigation, search Name Aurora Photovoltaics Manufacturing Place Lawrenceville, New Jersey Zip 8648 Sector Solar Product A subsidiary of EPV solar, based in New Jersey, focused on manufacturing of PV cells. Coordinates 36.761678°, -77.845048° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":36.761678,"lon":-77.845048,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Active and passive cooling for concentrating photovoltaic arrays
Optimization, based on minimum energy cost, of active and passive cooling designs for point-focus Fresnel lens photovoltaic arrays and line-focus, parabolic-trough photovoltaic arrays is discussed, and the two types of cooling are compared. Passive cooling is more cost-effective for Fresnel lens arrays while the reverse is true for parabolic-trough arrays.
Edenburn, M.W.
SunShot Initiative: Photovoltaic Supply Chain and Cross-Cutting
Photovoltaic Supply Chain and Photovoltaic Supply Chain and Cross-Cutting Technologies to someone by E-mail Share SunShot Initiative: Photovoltaic Supply Chain and Cross-Cutting Technologies on Facebook Tweet about SunShot Initiative: Photovoltaic Supply Chain and Cross-Cutting Technologies on Twitter Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Photovoltaic Supply Chain and Cross-Cutting Technologies on Google Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Photovoltaic Supply Chain and Cross-Cutting Technologies on Delicious Rank SunShot Initiative: Photovoltaic Supply Chain and Cross-Cutting Technologies on Digg Find More places to share SunShot Initiative: Photovoltaic Supply Chain and Cross-Cutting Technologies on AddThis.com... Concentrating Solar Power Photovoltaics Research & Development Competitive Awards Diversity in Science and Technology Advances National Clean Energy
Objectives and strategies of the International Photovoltaic Program Plan
The Solar Photovoltaic Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration (RD and D) Act of 1978 calls for the Secretary of the US Department of Energy (DOE) to prepare a plan to demonstrate photovoltaic systems in other nations and to facilitate the widespread use of these systems. The objective of the International Photovoltaic Program Plan, the strategies that will be used in the plan, and the approach that is being taken to prepare the plan are described. Background on photovoltaic technology and markets and the DOE domestic photovoltaic effort is also provided. The International Photovoltaic Program Plan will complement the DOE domestic activities to stimulate international markets. A number of national and international benefits could result if the objective of accelerating the widespread use of photovoltaic systems in international markets is realized. A primary benefit is that foreign markets may help stabilize the US photovoltaic industry and foster its expansion. Other benefits include contributions to the advancement of developing countries, reductions in world oil imports, and improvements in the US balance of trade. Strategies to be addressed in the plan are photovoltaic system demonstrations, systems development, information gathering and dissemination, financial incentives, and administrative actions. A critical aspect of the plan will be the coordination of selected programs and the monitoring and assessment of the plan's results. Analyses of international markets, international financial institutions, foreign competition, international marketing experiences of other US industries, and system development needs have been initiated to support the plan.
Costello, D.; Posner, D.; Koontz, R.; Heiferling, P.; Carpenter, P.; Perelman, L.
Photovoltaics Value Analysis | Open Energy Information
Page Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Photovoltaics Value Analysis Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Photovoltaics Value Analysis Focus Area: Renewable Energy Topics: Environmental Website: www.nrel.gov/analysis/pdfs/42303.pdf Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/photovoltaics-value-analysis Policies: Financial Incentives This study addresses photovoltaics (PV) distributed systems technology development; advanced distribution systems integration; system-level tests and demonstrations; technical and market analysis; resource assessment; and codes, standards, and regulatory implementation. The study defines a set of PV benefits and costs, such as greenhouse gas abatement or reliability, and then examines a series of case studies to ascertain whether the benefits of
Lab Breakthrough: Microelectronic Photovoltaics | Department of Energy
Microelectronic Photovoltaics Microelectronic Photovoltaics Lab Breakthrough: Microelectronic Photovoltaics June 7, 2012 - 9:31am Addthis Sandia developed tiny glitter-sized photovoltaic (PV) cells that could revolutionize solar energy collection. The crystalline silicon micro-PV cells will be cheaper and have greater efficiencies than current PV collectors. View the entire YouTube Lab Breakthroughs playlist. Michael Hess Michael Hess Former Digital Communications Specialist, Office of Public Affairs What are MEMS? MEMS are microelectromechanical systems. MEMS are made up of components between 1 to 100 micrometers in size. MEMS devices generally range in size from 20 micrometers to a millimeter. Sandia National Lab semiconductor engineer Gregory Nielson and postdoctoral appointee Jose Luis Cruz-Campa recently took some time to discuss their
1990 DOE/SANDIA crystalline photovoltaic technology project review meeting
This document serves as the proceedings for the annual project review meeting held by Sandia's Photovoltaic Cell Research Division and Photovoltaic Technology Division. It contains information supplied by each organization making a presentation at the meeting, which was held August 7 through 9, 1990 at the Sheraton Hotel in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Sessions were held to discuss national photovoltaic programs, one-sun crystalline silicon cell research, concentrator silicon cell research, concentrator 3-5 cell research, and concentrating collector development.
Ruby, D.S. (ed.)
Photovoltaics program plan, FY 1991--FY 1995
This program plan describes the goals and philosophy of DOE National Photovoltaics Program and its major research and development activities for fiscal years (FY) 1991 through 1995. The plan represents a consensus among researchers and manufacturers, as well as current and potential users of photovoltaics (PV). It defines the activites that we believe are necessary to continue the rapid progress toward acceptance of photovoltaics as a serious candidate for cost-competitive electric power generation by the utility, transportation, buildings, and industrial sectors. A succesful National Photovoltaics Program will help achieve many of our national priorities. The mission of the National Photovoltaics Program is to help US industry to develop photovoltaic technology for large-scale generation of economically competitive electric power in the United States, making PV a significant part of our national energy mix. To fully achieve this, we must continue to work toward the long-term goals established in our previous program plan: reducing the price of delivered electricity to 5 to 6 cents per kilowatt-hour (kWh), increasing lifetimes to 30 years, and increasing module efficiencies to 15% for flat-plate and 25% for concentrator technologies. If progress continues at its current pace, we expect that the PV industry will have installed at least 1000 megawatts (MW) of capacity in the United States and 500 MW internationally by the year 2000.
Identify types of development and climate impacts that are country
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Identify types of development and climate impacts that are country priorities Jump to: navigation, search Stage 3 LEDS Home Introduction to Framework Assess current country plans, policies, practices, and capacities Develop_BAU Stage 4: Prioritizing and Planning for Actions Begin execution of implementation plans 1.0. Organizing the LEDS Process 1.1. Institutional Structure for LEDS 1.2. Workplan to Develop the LEDS 1.3. Roles and responsibilities to develop LEDS 2.1. Assess current country plans, policies, practices, and capacities 2.2. Compile lessons learned and good practices from ongoing and
Multijunction photovoltaic device and fabrication method
A multijunction photovoltaic device includes first and second amorphous silicon PIN photovoltaic cells in a stacked arrangement. An interface layer, composed of a doped silicon compound, is disposed between the two cells and has a lower bandgap than the respective n- and p-type adjacent layers of the first and second cells. The interface layer forms an ohmic contact with the one or the adjacent cell layers of the same conductivity type, and a tunnel junction with the other of the adjacent cell layers. The disclosed device is fabricated by a glow discharge process.
Arya, Rajeewa R. (Jamison, PA); Catalano, Anthony W. (Furlong, PA)
Photovoltaics for residential applications
Information is given about the parts of a residential photovoltaic system and considerations relevant to photovoltaic power use in homes that are also tied to utility lines. In addition, factors are discussed that influence implementation, including legal and environmental factors such as solar access and building codes, insurance, utility buyback, and system longevity. (LEW)
Photovoltaics Photovoltaics (Redirected from - Solar PV) Jump to: navigation, search (The following text is derived from NREL's description of photovoltaic technology.)[1] Photovoltaic Panels Solar cells, also called photovoltaic (PV) cells by scientists, convert sunlight directly into electricity. PV gets its name from the process of converting light (photons) to electricity (voltage), which is called the PV effect. The PV effect was discovered in 1954, when scientists at Bell Telephone discovered that silicon (an element found in sand) created an electric charge when exposed to sunlight. Soon solar cells were being used to power space satellites and smaller items like calculators and watches. Today, thousands of people power their homes and businesses with individual
Photovoltaic venture analysis. Final report. Volume I. Executive summary
The objective of the study, government programs under investigation, and a brief review of the approach are presented. Potential markets for photovoltaic systems relevant to the study are described. The response of the photovoltaic supply industry is then considered. A model which integrates the supply and demand characteristics of photovoltaics over time was developed. This model also calculates the economic benefits associated with various government subsidy programs. Results are derived under alternative possible supply, demand, and macroeconomic conditions. A probabilistic analysis of the costs and benefits of a $380 million federal photovoltaic procurement initiative, as well as certain alternative strategies, is summarized. Conclusions and recommendations based on the analysis are presented.
Costello, D.; Posner, D.; Schiffel, D.; Doane, J.; Bishop, C.
Characterization of 3D Photovoltaics
... supporting improved processing and design of Second Generation (thin film) and Third Generation (nanostructured) photovoltaic devices. ...
Development of an Air Transport Type A Fissile Package
This paper presents the summary of testing by the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) to support development of a light weight (<140 lbs) air transport qualified Type A Fissile Packaging. The package design incorporates features and materials specifically designed to minimize packaging weight. The light weight package is being designed to provide confinement to the contents when subjected to the normal and hypothetical conditions required of an air transportable Type A Fissile radioactive material shipping package. The objective of these tests was to provide design input to the final design for the LORX Type A Fissile Air Transport Packaging when subjected to the performance requirements of the drop, crush and puncture probe test of 10CFR71. The post test evaluation of the prototype packages indicates that all of the tested designs would satisfactorily confine the content within the packaging. The differences in the performance of the prototypes varied significantly depending on the core materials and their relative densities. Information gathered from these tests is being used to develop the final design for the Department of Homeland Security.
Blanton, P.; Ebert, K.
Radiometric instrumentation and measurements guide for photovoltaic performance testing
The Photovoltaic Module and Systems Performance and Engineering Project at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory performs indoor and outdoor standardization, testing, and monitoring of the performance of a wide range of photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion devices and systems. The PV Radiometric Measurements and Evaluation Team (PVSRME) within that project is responsible for measurement and characterization of natural and artificial optical radiation which stimulates the PV effect. The PV manufacturing and research and development community often approaches project members for technical information and guidance. A great area of interest is radiometric instrumentation, measurement techniques, and data analysis applied to understanding and improving PV cell, module, and system performance. At the Photovoltaic Radiometric Measurements Workshop conducted by the PVSRME team in July 1995, the need to communicate knowledge of solar and optical radiometric measurements and instrumentation, gained as a result of NREL`s long-term experiences, was identified as an activity that would promote improved measurement processes and measurement quality in the PV research and manufacturing community. The purpose of this document is to address the practical and engineering need to understand optical and solar radiometric instrument performance, selection, calibration, installation, and maintenance applicable to indoor and outdoor radiometric measurements for PV calibration, performance, and testing applications. An introductory section addresses radiometric concepts and definitions. Next, concepts essential to spectral radiometric measurements are discussed. Broadband radiometric instrumentation and measurement concepts are then discussed. Each type of measurement serves as an important component of the PV cell, module, and system performance measurement and characterization process.
Myers, D.
The Impacts of Utility Rates and Building Type on the Economics...
Photovoltaic Systems Jump to: navigation, search Impacts of Regional Electricity Prices and Building Type on the Economics of Commercial Photovoltaic Systems1 Authors:Sean...
Photovoltaic Electrical Contacts and Cell Coatings | Department...
Photovoltaic Electrical Contacts and Cell Coatings Photovoltaic Electrical Contacts and Cell Coatings August 19, 2013 - 4:12pm Addthis The outermost layers of photovoltaic (PV)...
Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems | Department of Energy
Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems August 20, 2013 - 4:12pm Addthis Concentrator photovoltaic (PV) systems use less solar cell material than other...
Scattering Properties of nanostructures : applications to photovoltaics
2nd World Conf. Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Vienna, p.the 12th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, p.12th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf. , p. 1481 (
Derkacs, Daniel
Energy 101: Solar Photovoltaics | Department of Energy
Energy 101: Solar Photovoltaics Energy 101: Solar Photovoltaics February 10, 2011 - 5:29pm Addthis Learn more about photovoltaic systems that convert light energy into electricity....
Category:Photovoltaic | Open Energy Information
The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. A American Photovoltaics B British Photovoltaic Association I Integrated Photovoltaics L Ligitek...
Photovoltaic Subcontract Program. Annual report, FY 1992
This report summarizes the fiscal year (FY) 1992 progress of the subcontracted photovoltaic (PV) research and development (R&D) performed under the Photovoltaic Advanced Research and Development Project at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)-formerly the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI). The mission of the national PV program is to develop PV technology for large-scale generation of economically competitive electric power in the United States. The technical sections of the report cover the main areas of the subcontract program: the Crystalline Materials and Advanced Concepts project, the Polycrystalline Thin Films project, Amorphous Silicon Research project, the Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology (PVMaT) project, PV Module and System Performance and Engineering project, and the PV Analysis and Applications Development project. Technical summaries of each of the subcontracted programs provide a discussion of approaches, major accomplishments in FY 1992, and future research directions.
Type I vs type II spiral ganglion neurons exhibit differential survival and neuritogenesis during cochlear development
GD: Membrane properties of type II spiral ganglion neuronesJP, Ryan AF, Housley GD: Type III intermediate filamentinhibits neuritogenesis in type II spiral ganglion neurons
Barclay, Meagan; Ryan, Allen F; Housley, Gary D
Hybrid photovoltaic thermal collector (PVT) for the production of hot water and electricity
The main concept of developing the hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) is to increase the efficiency of the solar and thermal collector. It is known that the efficiency of the Photovoltaic solar collector is decreases when the ambient temperature increased ... Keywords: absorber collectors, hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PVT), thermal and electrical efficiency
Adnan Ibrahim; K. Sopian; M. Y. Othman; M. H. Ruslan; M. A. Alghoul; M. Yahya; Azami Zaharim
Performance analysis of greenhouses with integrated photovoltaic modules
Thanks to the DM 19.02.2007, Italian government supported the development and the expansion of solar photovoltaic in Italy. The feed-in tariff had a great success, and like in Spain and Germany big size photovoltaic plants have been built, especially ... Keywords: PV modules, TRNSYS 16 simulation, solar greenhouse
Maurizio Carlini; Mauro Villarini; Stefano Esposto; Milena Bernardi
Innovation and production in the global solar photovoltaic industry
The global development of solar photovoltaic power is seen as a potentially major technology in the pursuit of alternative energy sources. Given its evolutionary nature, in terms of both technology and the market, there is some discernible divergence ... Keywords: Innovation, Patent, Production, Solar photovoltaic (PV) market
Show-Ling Jang; Li-Ju Chen; Jennifer H. Chen; Yu-Chieh Chiu
Photovoltaics: Separating Multiple Excitons
Scientists have demonstrated an efficient process for generating multiple excitons in adjacent silicon nanocrystals from a single high-energy photon. Their findings could prove useful for a wide range of photovoltaic applications.
Nozik, A. J.
Organic photovoltaics and concentrators
The separation of light harvesting and charge generation offers several advantages in the design of organic photovoltaics and organic solar concentrators for the ultimate end goal of achieving a lower cost solar electric ...
Mapel, Jonathan King
Photovoltaic System Performance
Photovoltaic (PV) systems are usually composed of numerous solar arrays, which in turn, are composed of numerous PV cells. The performance of the system is therefore dependent on the performance of...
Three-dimensional photovoltaics
The concept of three-dimensional (3D) photovoltaics is explored computationally using a genetic algorithm to optimize the energy production in a day for arbitrarily shaped 3D solar cells confined to a given area footprint ...
Myers, Bryan
Photovoltaic Cell Conversion Efficiency
The conversion efficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) cell, or solar cell, is the percentage of the solar energy shining on a PV device that is converted into electrical energy, or electricity....
Photovoltaic Cell Quantum Efficiency
Quantum efficiency (QE) is the ratio of the number of charge carriers collected by a photovoltaic (PV) cell to the number of photons�or packets of light�of a given energy shining on the solar cell....
Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems
Concentrator photovoltaic (PV) systems use less solar cell material than other PV systems. PV cells are the most expensive components of a PV system, on a per-area basis. A concentrator makes use...
Photovoltaic Cell Structures
The actual structural design of a photovoltaic (PV), or solar cell, depends on the limitations of the material used in the PV cell. The four basic device designs are:
Photovoltaic Cell Performance
Photovoltaic (PV), or solar cells use the energy in sunlight to produce electricity. However, the amount of electricity produced depends on the quality of the light available and the performance of...
Nanocarbon-Based Photovoltaics
Carbon materials are excellent candidates for photovoltaic solar cells: they are Earth-abundant, possess high optical absorption, and maintain superior thermal and photostability. Here we report on solar cells with active ...
Bernardi, Marco
(The following text is derived from NREL's description of photovoltaic (The following text is derived from NREL's description of photovoltaic technology.)[1] Photovoltaic Panels Solar cells, also called photovoltaic (PV) cells by scientists, convert sunlight directly into electricity. PV gets its name from the process of converting light (photons) to electricity (voltage), which is called the PV effect. The PV effect was discovered in 1954, when scientists at Bell Telephone discovered that silicon (an element found in sand) created an electric charge when exposed to sunlight. Soon solar cells were being used to power space satellites and smaller items like calculators and watches. Today, thousands of people power their homes and businesses with individual solar PV systems. Utility companies are also using PV technology for large
photovoltaics | OpenEI
photovoltaics photovoltaics Dataset Summary Description This dataset is part of a larger internal dataset at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) that explores various characteristics of large solar electric (both PV and CSP) facilities around the United States. This dataset focuses on the land use characteristics for solar facilities that are either under construction or currently in operation. Source Land-Use Requirements for Solar Power Plants in the United States Date Released June 25th, 2013 (5 months ago) Date Updated Unknown Keywords acres area average concentrating solar power csp Density electric hectares km2 land land requirements land use land-use mean photovoltaic photovoltaics PV solar statistics Data application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet icon Master Solar Land Use Spreadsheet (xlsx, 1.5 MiB)
Photovoltaic systems for export application. Informal report
One approach to improving the competitiveness of photovoltaic systems is the development of designs specifically for export applications. In other words, where is it appropriate in a system design to incorporate components manufactured and/or assembled in the receiving country in order to improve the photovoltaic exports from the US? What appears to be needed is a systematic method of evaluating the potential for export from the US of PV systems for various application in different countries. Development of such a method was the goal of this project.
Duffy, J.; Campbell, H.; Sajo, A.; Sanz, E. [Univ. of Lowell, MA (United States)
Expedited Permitting Process for Solar Photovoltaic Systems ...
Expedited Permitting Process for Solar Photovoltaic Systems (Vermont) Expedited Permitting Process for Solar Photovoltaic Systems (Vermont) Eligibility Agricultural Commercial...
Development of a Modular,Bi-Directional Power Inverter for Photovoltaic Applications; Final Report August 1995 - March 1998
This research and development contract has resulted in several benefits for Trace Engineering and the PV industry that are directly attributable to the PVMaT program: Application of the hardware based protection circuit developed in Phase I was completed on Trace's existing DR and SW series product lines. This additional protection circuit was phased into full production starting in April of 1997. This resulted in a substantial improvement in factory yields and a very significant reduction of field failures - a drop of as much as 80% on some product models. Accelerated development and introduction of the Power Module enclosure/balance of systems package. This product is a big step towards the standardization of system and equipment design for Trace's customers. Developed the cost reduced 2.5-kW modular inverter based on the current SW series software and topology. This new inverter/charger uses many new construction and manufacturing methods to reduce cost by 40%, simplify production, decrease parts count by over 20%, reduce labor required by 30%, and increase the flexibility in the manufacturing process. It will enter production in the first quarter of 1999 as the Trace Engineering PS series inverter/charger.
Freitas, C.
NREL: Photovoltaics Research - Accomplishments in Photovoltaic
Accomplishments in Photovoltaic Manufacturing R&D Accomplishments in Photovoltaic Manufacturing R&D Successful efforts within the PV Manufacturing R&D Project were recognized by the solar industry. Key highlights from the project are summarized below. Overall, the project resulted in a more than 50% reduction in manufacturing costs and a substantial return on investment for both the U.S. government and the industries involved. A number of companies participating in the project were able to make technological advances that helped them attract millions of dollars in private investment capital. The project focused on four primary areas of solar manufacturing: Solar cells and modules Manufacturing processes Systems integration System components. Solar Cells and Modules Advances in solar cells and modules were made that significantly reduced
--____ --____ R Research & Development T& Facility Type 0 Production scale testing a Pilat scale Y-. Bench Scale Process i Theoretical Studies Sample & Analysis 0 Productian 0 Disposal/Storage a Research Organization a Government 0 Other Sponsored i F[fa' tty ------__------__ I Prime 5 Subcontractor 0 Purchase Order a Other information (i.e., cost + fixed fee, unit p CgNTRACTING PERIOD: L.&G , PX& & cx LFkoL ~~~~~~~~~----------_ __ _______ OWNERSH; P: AEC/MED AEC/MED GOVT GOVT CONTRACTOR Cot+ "ACTOR OWNED LEASED ----- -----_ w!ET) C_EtlSLE ~~s!_NE!?~~ z L ACZD -------- - LANDS a BUILDINGS 0 EQUIPMENT u ORE OR RAW MATL FINAL PRODUCT f i ; : ' 0 WASTE .% RESIDLIE q 0 G G &EC/NED INVOLVEtiE?4T AT SITE .--------_------___~~~~~~~-- ,I
Electrochromic-photovoltaic film for light-sensitive control of optical transmittance
A variable transmittance optical component includes an electrochromic material and a photovoltaic device-type thin film solar cell deposited in a tandem type, monolithic single coating over the component. A bleed resistor of a predetermined value is connected in series across the electrochromic material and photovoltaic device controlling the activation and deactivation of the electrochromic material. The electrical conductivity between the electrochromic material and the photovoltaic device is enhanced by interposing a transparent electrically conductive layer. 5 figures.
Branz, H.M.; Crandall, R.S.; Tracy, C.E.
A variable transmittance optical component includes an electrochromic material and a photovoltaic device-type thin film solar cell deposited in a tandem type, monolithic single coating over the component. A bleed resistor of a predetermined value is connected in series across the electrochromic material and photovoltaic device controlling the activation and deactivation of the electrochromic material. The electrical conductivity between the electrochromic material and the photovoltaic device is enhanced by interposing a transparent electrically conductive layer.
Branz, Howard M. (Boulder, CO); Crandall, Richard S. (Golden, CO); Tracy, C. Edwin (Golden, CO)
Development of optimal SnO{sub 2} contacts for CdTe photovoltaic applications. [Final technical report of Phase II
During this SBIR Phase II project, we have successfully established high quality SnO{sub 2}(F) based transparent conductive oxide coatings by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition technique and built a large area prototype APCVD deposition system which incorporates innovative design features. This work enhances US photovoltaic research capability and other thin film oxide related research capability.
Xi, Jianping
EELE408 Photovoltaics Lecture 18 Photovoltaic Arrays & Modules
1 EELE408 Photovoltaics Lecture 18 Photovoltaic Arrays & Modules Dr. Todd J. Kaiser email@example.com Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Montana State University - Bozeman Photovoltaic Arrays PV PV Open Circuit Current reduced from this block by 25 % Current reduced from this cell by 25 % 3
Alternating Current Photovoltaic Building Block
This technology provides a fully integrated and self-containing alternating current (AC) photovoltaic (PV) Building Block device and method that allows photovoltaic applications to become true plug-and-play devices. The Building Block combines, ...
Photovoltaic procurement strategies: an assessment of supply issues
This review report presents the results of an analysis of alternative approaches to the design of a federal photovoltaics procurement program. Advantages and disadvantages of large purchases at fixed prices and smaller purchases for testing and demonstrating the technology are presented. The objectives and possible impacts of these purchase programs on the photovoltaic industry are described. The reactions of the industry to alternative purchase programs were assessed using personal interviews with selected companies currently active in photovoltaics. The report begins with a review of the impacts of federal procurements on other innovations, including the electronics industry, and suggests the relation of these procurements to photovoltaics. The methodology for conducting the interviews is presented next. The results of the interviews are summarized into possible scenarios of future developments in the industry and into discussions of key issues in the design of a procurement program. An appendix on the current structure of the photovoltaic industry is provided.
Posner, D.; Costello, D.
EA-341 Photovoltaic Technologies, LLC | Department of Energy
1 Photovoltaic Technologies, LLC EA-341 Photovoltaic Technologies, LLC Order authorizing Photovoltaic Technologies, LLC to export electric energy to Mexico EA- 341 Photovoltaic...
Photovoltaic systems and applications perspective
The National Photovoltaic Program is currently in the process of increasing emphasis on full-scale system experiments in the potential user environment, a natural coccurrence in the evolution of system design and development. At this point large amounts of design information are available and need to be brought together in usable form to support this effort. The state of understanding in the system definition area for the major applications is reviewed, and the remaining issues, especially as they impact the field test activities, are indicated.
Jones, G.J.
Photovoltaic Power for the Nanosat Project
This report describes the characteristics of photovoltaic arrays that maybe suitable for use with nanosatellite electronic systems. It includes a thorough literature search on power management and distribution systems for satellites as small as microsatellites. The major conclusion to be drawn is that it is the total system, including satellite electronic system, photovoltaic systems, peak power tracker and the power management and distribution systems which need to be optimized. An example of a peak power tracker is given, and a novel series connected boost unit is described which might allow the system voltage to be increased if enough photovoltaic panels to operate the systems in real time is impractical. Finally, it is recommended that the development effort be oriented and expanded to include a peak power tracker and other power management and distribution systems.
Rose, B.H.
Photovoltaic energy: Contract list, fiscal year 1990
The federal government has conducted the National Photovoltaics Program since 1975. Its purpose is to provide focus, direction, and funding for the development of terrestrial photovoltaic technology as an energy option for the United States. In the past, a summary was prepared each year to provide an overview of the government-funded activities within the National Photovoltaics Program. Tasks conducted in-house by participating national laboratories or under contract by industrial, academic, and other research institutes were highlighted. This year's document is more concise than the summaries of previous years. The FY 1990 contract overview comprises a list of all subcontracts begun, ongoing, or completed by Sandia National Laboratory or the Solar Energy Research Institute during FY 1990 (October 1, 1989, through September 30, 1990). Under each managing laboratory, projects are listed alphabetically by project area and then by subcontractor name.
Hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar energy system
Heating and cooling systems that use hybrid solar energy collectors (combination photovoltaic-thermal) have the potential for considerable energy savings, particularly when the system includes a heat pump. Economic evaluations show that photovoltaic systems are potentially most economical, but results depend critically on future collector costs as well as energy prices. Results are based on a specially developed computer program that predicted the total auxiliary energy required for five different solar heating/cooling systems. Performance calculations for a modeled residence and small office building were made using meteorological data from four geographic locations. Annual system costs were also calculated.
Kern, E.C. Jr.; Russell, M.C.
Growth of silicon sheets for photovoltaic applications
The status of silicon sheet development for photovoltaic applications is critically reviewed. Silicon sheet growth processes are classified according to their linear growth rates. The fast growth processes, which include edge-defined film-fed growth, silicon on ceramic, dendritic-web growth, and ribbon-to-ribbon growth, are comparatively ranked subject to criteria involving growth stability, sheet productivity, impurity effects, crystallinity, and solar cell results. The status of more rapid silicon ribbon growth techniques, such as horizontal ribbon growth and melt quenching, is also reviewed. The emphasis of the discussions is on examining the viability of these sheet materials as solar cell substrates for low-cost silicon photovoltaic systems.
Surek, T.
Energy Basics: Photovoltaic Cell Structures
Energy Basics: Photovoltaic Cell Performance
Energy Basics: Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems
Energy Basics: Photovoltaic System Performance
Energy Basics: Photovoltaic Cell Materials
Optimal control of photovoltaic arrays
A high value of the energy conversion efficiency is not the only feature a photovoltaic power processing system must have. An optimal control of the photovoltaic generator must be also designed in order to maximize the electrical power it produces, even ... Keywords: Maximum power point tracking, Photovoltaic systems, Power electronics
N. Femia, G. Petrone, G. Spagnuolo, M. Vitelli
Photovoltaic energy program overview: Fiscal year 1994
This is the 1994 overview for the Photovoltaic Energy Program. The topics of this overview include cooperative research projects to improve PV systems and develop pre-commercial prototypes of new PV products, expanding understanding of the fundamental mechanisms governing the formation and performance of PV materials, and helping US industry enhance its leadership position in the PV market.
that provide necessary weather data to compute solar radiation quantities. This survey of solar databases efforts which accelerate the development and deployment of photovoltaic solar energy as a significant SUMMARY Solar radiation at ground level is a necessary input for performances modeling and sizing of PV
Photovoltaic Electrical Contact and Cell Coating Basics | Department of
Photovoltaic Electrical Contact and Cell Coating Basics Photovoltaic Electrical Contact and Cell Coating Basics Photovoltaic Electrical Contact and Cell Coating Basics August 19, 2013 - 4:12pm Addthis The outermost layers of photovoltaic (PV) cell, or solar cell, are the electrical contacts and anti-reflective coating. These layers provide essential functions to the cell's operation. Electrical Contacts Electrical contacts are essential to PV cells because they bridge the connection between the semiconductor material and the external electrical load, such as a light bulb. The back contact of a cell-the side away from the incoming sunlight-is relatively simple. It usually consists of a layer of aluminum or molybdenum metal. Illustration of a cutaway of a typical solar cell. The layers, from top to bottom, include a cover glass, transparent adhesive, antireflection coating, front contact, n-type semiconductor, p-type seminconductor, and back contact.
American Photovoltaics LP | Open Energy Information
LP LP Jump to: navigation, search Name American Photovoltaics LP Place Houston, Texas Product Manufactures and markets thin-film photovoltaic modules. Coordinates 29.76045°, -95.369784° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":29.76045,"lon":-95.369784,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
photovoltaic | OpenEI
photovoltaic photovoltaic Dataset Summary Description Global PV grid parity and market potential. Data is courtesy of Sean Ong. Source National Renewable Energy Laboratory Date Released Unknown Date Updated Unknown Keywords grid Parity Payback photovoltaic price PV Residential Data text/csv icon globalgridparity.csv (csv, 4.8 KiB) Quality Metrics Level of Review Some Review Comment Temporal and Spatial Coverage Frequency Time Period License License Creative Commons CCZero Comment Rate this dataset Usefulness of the metadata Average vote Your vote Usefulness of the dataset Average vote Your vote Ease of access Average vote Your vote Overall rating Average vote Your vote Comments Login or register to post comments If you rate this dataset, your published comment will include your rating.
Case Studies of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems, Vol. 2
The photovoltaic (PV) industry is growing rapidly, and PV power is likely to become an increasingly significant source of distributed generation as its cost declines over the next ten years. This report documents a number of grid-connected photovoltaic case studies covering a broad range of system configurations and project types. The report provides field experience useful to improve the design of future PV systems and identifies problems that need to be addressed to promote the integration of PV power ...
Case Studies of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems, Volume 3
The photovoltaics industry is growing rapidly, and photovoltaic (PV) power is likely to become an increasingly significant source of distributed generation as its cost declines over the next ten years. This report completes a series of three volumes documenting more than a dozen grid-connected PV case studies in all and covering a broad range of system configurations and project types. The report provides field experience useful to improve the design of future PV systems and identifies problems that need...
Flywheel storage for photovoltaics: an economic evaluation of two applications
A worth analysis is made for an advanced flywheel storage concept for tandem operation with photovoltaics currently being developed at MIT/Lincoln Laboratories. The applications examined here are a single family residence ...
Dinwoodie, Thomas L.
Editorial: Photovoltaic Materials and Devices
As the global energy needs grow, there is increasing interest in the generation of electricity by photovoltaics (PVs) devices or solar cells - devices that convert sunlight to electricity. Solar industry has seen an enormous growth during the last decade. The sale of PV modules has exceeded 27 GW in 2011, with significant contributions to the market share from all technologies. While the silicon technology continues to have the dominant share, the other thin film technologies (CdTe, CIGS, a-Si, and organic PV) are experiencing fast growth. Increased production of silicon modules has led to a very rapid reduction in their price and remains as benchmark for other technologies. The PV industry is in full gear to commercialize new automated equipment for solar cell and module production, instrumentation for process monitoring technologies, and for implementation of other cost-reduction approaches, and extensive research continues to be carried out in many laboratories to improve the efficiency of solar cells and modules without increasing the production costs. A large variety of solar cells, which differ in the material systems used, design, PV structure, and even the principle of PV conversion, are designed to date. This special issue contains peer-reviewed papers in the recent developments in research related to broad spectrum of photovoltaic materials and devices. It contains papers on many aspects of solar cells-the growth and deposition, characterization, and new material development.
Sopori, B.; Tan, T.; Rupnowski, P.
Material Needs for Thin-Film and Concentrator Photovoltaic Modules (Presentation)
This presentation describes the ongoing needs (manufacturability, availability, low cost, performance, and reliability) that drive the development of new photovoltaic materials.
New results in forecasting of photovoltaic systems output based on solar radiation forecasting
Accurate short term forecasting of photovoltaic (PV) systems output has a great significance for fast development of PV parks in South-East Europe
Laurentiu Fara
Precise Application of Transparent Conductive Oxide Coatings for Flat Panel Displays and Photovoltaic Cells
Argonne has developed a new method for applying thin film coatings of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) to large panel displays and photovoltaic (PV) cells.
Crystalline-silicon photovoltaics: Necessary and sufficient
Photovoltaic (PV) energy systems have always been dominated by crystalline-silicon (c-Si) technology, and recent developments persuasively suggest that c-Si will continue to be the dominant technology well into the next century. The authors explain why c-Si technology is fairing much better than previously expected, and discuss the impact of improvements currently under development. They use a ground-up, engineering-based approach to predict the expected evolution of this type of PV system, and argue that c-Si PV will be in a position to compete for the US residential power market starting in about the year 2010. This market alone will provide the opportunity for PV to supply several percent of the electrical energy used in the United States. Crystalline-silicon technology is therefore not just necessary for building a near-term PV industry; it also offers a low-risk approach to meeting long-term goals for PV energy systems.
Basore, P.A.; Gee, J.M.
Photovoltaic radiation detector element
A radiation detector element is formed of a body of semiconductor material, a coating on the body which forms a photovoltaic junction therewith, and a current collector consisting of narrow metallic strips, the aforesaid coating having an opening therein the edge of which closely approaches but is spaced from the current collector strips.
Agouridis, Dimitrios C. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Multiple gap photovoltaic device
A multiple gap photovoltaic device having a transparent electrical contact adjacent a first cell which in turn is adjacent a second cell on an opaque electrical contact, includes utilizing an amorphous semiconductor as the first cell and a crystalline semiconductor as the second cell.
Dalal, Vikram L. (Newark, DE)
Thin film photovoltaic cell
A thin film photovoltaic cell having a transparent electrical contact and an opaque electrical contact with a pair of semiconductors therebetween includes utilizing one of the electrical contacts as a substrate and wherein the inner surface thereof is modified by microroughening while being macro-planar.
Meakin, John D. (Newark, DE); Bragagnolo, Julio (Newark, DE)
Reticulated Organic Photovoltaics
This paper shows how the self-assembled interlocking of two nanostructured materials can lead to increased photovoltaic performance. A detailed picture of the reticulated 6-DBTTC/C{sub 60} organic photovoltaic (OPV) heterojunction, which produces devices approaching the theoretical maximum for these materials, is presented from near edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Grazing Incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The complementary suite of techniques shows how self-assembly can be exploited to engineer the interface and morphology between the cables of donor (6-DBTTC) material and a polycrystalline acceptor (C{sub 60}) to create an interpenetrating network of pure phases expected to be optimal for OPV device design. Moreover, we find that there is also a structural and electronic interaction between the two materials at the molecular interface. The data show how molecular self-assembly can facilitate 3-D nanostructured photovoltaic cells that are made with the simplicity and control of bilayer device fabrication. The significant improvement in photovoltaic performance of the reticulated heterojunction over the flat analog highlights the potential of these strategies to improve the efficiency of organic solar cells.
Schiros T.; Yager K.; Mannsfeld S.; Chiu C.-Y.; Ciston J.; Gorodetsky A.; Palma M.; Bullard Z.; Kramer T.; Delongchamp D.; Fischer D.; Kymissis I.; Toney M.F.; Nuckolls C.
A radiation detector element is formed of a body of semiconductor material, a coating on the body which forms a photovoltaic junction therewith, and a current collector consisting of narrow metallic strips, the aforesaid coating having an opening therein in the edge of which closely approaches but is spaced from the current collector strips.
Agouridis, D.C.
Integrated photovoltaic electrolytic cell
A photovoltaic-electrolytic unit is provided to produce an electric current from solar energy and utilize the current to produce hydrogen by the electrolysis of water. The unit floats in an aqueous medium so that photoelectric cells are exposed to solar radiation, and electrodes submerged in the medium produce oxygen which is vented and hydrogen which is collected in the unit.
Ohkawa, T.
An overview of the DC wiring system design issues in the SMUD Phase I photovoltaic power plant
The DC wiring system of a photovoltaic power requires a number of safety features that result from the unique aspects of photovoltaic devices. This paper presents an overview of the DC wiring system design developed for the Sacramento Municipal Utilities District (SMUD) Phase I photovoltaic power plant. The specific challenges that photovoltaic devices present to a power plant designer are identified along with the specific solutions adopted in the SMUD design.
Rosen, D.; Simburger, E.J.; Sugimura, R.S.
Photovoltaic Silicon Cell Basics | Department of Energy
Silicon Cell Basics Silicon Cell Basics Photovoltaic Silicon Cell Basics August 20, 2013 - 2:19pm Addthis Silicon-used to make some the earliest photovoltaic (PV) devices-is still the most popular material for solar cells. Silicon is also the second-most abundant element in the Earth's crust (after oxygen). However, to be useful as a semiconductor material in solar cells, silicon must be refined to a purity of 99.9999%. In single-crystal silicon, the molecular structure-which is the arrangement of atoms in the material-is uniform because the entire structure is grown from the same crystal. This uniformity is ideal for transferring electrons efficiently through the material. To make an effective PV cell, however, silicon has to be "doped" with other elements to make n-type and p-type layers.
Multijunction photovoltaic device and method of manufacture
A multijunction photovoltaic device includes first, second, and third amorphous silicon p-i-n photovoltaic cells in a stacked arrangement. The intrinsic layers of the second and third cells are formed of a-SiGe alloys with differing ratios of Ge such that the bandgap of the intrinsic layers respectively decrease from the first uppermost cell to the third lowermost cell. An interface layer, composed of a doped silicon compound, is disposed between the two cells and has a lower bandgap than the respective n- and p-type adjacent layers of the first and second cells. The interface layer forms an ohmic contact with the one of the adjacent cell layers of the same conductivity type, and a tunnel junction with the other of the adjacent cell layers.
Arya, Rejeewa R. (Jamison, PA); Catalano, Anthony W. (Boulder, CO); Bennett, Murray (Longhorne, PA)
Photovoltaic Cell Structure Basics | Department of Energy
Structure Basics Structure Basics Photovoltaic Cell Structure Basics August 19, 2013 - 4:50pm Addthis The actual structural design of a photovoltaic (PV), or solar cell, depends on the limitations of the material used in the PV cell. The four basic device designs are: Homojunction Devices Crystalline silicon is the primary example of this kind of cell. A single material-crystalline silicon-is altered so that one side is p-type, dominated by positive holes, and the other side is n-type, dominated by negative electrons. The p/n junction is located so that the maximum light is absorbed near it. The free electrons and holes generated by light deep in the silicon diffuse to the p/n junction and then separate to produce a current if the silicon is of sufficiently high quality. In this homojunction design, these aspects of the cell may be varied to
Operational results from the Saudi Solar Village Photovoltaic power system
The world's largest photovoltaic power system was carried into the operation phase a few months ago. This system was developed and fabricated in the United States and it is providing electrical energy to three remote villages in Saudi Arabia. The facility includes a 350 kW photovoltaic array, 1-MW diesel powered generator, 1100 kWH lead acid batteries, a 300 KVA inverter and a solar weather data monitoring station. The photovoltaic power system is capable of completely automatic operation. It is designed to operate in stand-alone and cogeneration modes of operation.
Huraib, F.; Al-Sani, A.; Khoshami, B.H.
Improved Transparent Conducting Oxides for Photovoltaics: Final Research Report, 1 May 1999--31 December 2002
This subcontract focused on next-generation transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) for improved PV performance. More specifically, there were two research foci: (1) improved Sn-based, n-type TCOs aimed at enhanced CdTe PV cell performance, and (2) novel Cu-based, p-type TCOs applicable to a variety of PV designs. The objective of the research under this subcontract was to identify, explore, evaluate, and develop future generations of photovoltaic technologies that can meet the long-term goal of producing low-cost electricity from sunlight.
Mason, T. O.; Chang, R. P. H.; Marks, T. J.; Poeppelmeier, K. R.
Modeling of lead-acid battery capacity loss in a photovoltaic application
The authors have developed a model for the probabilistic behavior of a rechargeable battery acting as the energy storage component in a photovoltaic power supply system. Stochastic and deterministic models are created to simulate the behavior of the system components. The components are the solar resource, the photovoltaic power supply system, the rechargeable battery, and a load. One focus of this research is to model battery state of charge and battery capacity as a function of time. The capacity damage effect that occurs during deep discharge is introduced via a non-positive function of duration and depth of deep discharge events. Because the form of this function is unknown and varies with battery type, the authors model it with an artificial neural network (ANN) whose parameters are to be trained with experimental data. The battery capacity loss model will be described and a numerical example will be presented showing the predicted battery life under different PV system use scenarios.
Photovoltaic Balance-of-System Assessment
The balance-of-system status for photovoltaic power systems is assessed, including all subsystems and components (except for cells and modules) that are needed for a fully functional power system. Array types for the central station, intermediate, and residential applications are evaluated; both active and passive cooling are considered for the central station and intermediate applications; and battery energy storage is included as an option for intermediate and residential applications.
Alameda Municipal Power - Solar Photovoltaics Rebate Program | Department
Solar Photovoltaics Rebate Program Solar Photovoltaics Rebate Program Alameda Municipal Power - Solar Photovoltaics Rebate Program < Back Eligibility Commercial Residential Savings Category Solar Buying & Making Electricity Program Info Expiration Date December 31, 2017 State California Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount Program is closed Provider Alameda Power and Telecom '''''Note: Alameda Municipal Power had a budget of $4.2 million to support this program. The utility has allocated the full budget and is no longer accepting applications. The information below is provided for historical purposes. ''''' Alameda Municipal Power offers an incentive program to customers who install solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Rebates will be provided to commercial and residential customers on a per-watt AC basis, which, in
Progress Energy Florida - SunSense Solar Photovoltaics Rebate Program
Progress Energy Florida - SunSense Solar Photovoltaics Rebate Progress Energy Florida - SunSense Solar Photovoltaics Rebate Program (Florida) Progress Energy Florida - SunSense Solar Photovoltaics Rebate Program (Florida) < Back Eligibility Residential Savings Category Solar Buying & Making Electricity Maximum Rebate $20,000 Program Info State Florida Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount Varies '''''All funds for Progress Energy Florida's SunSense Solar PV Rebate program have been committed at this time.''''' Progress Energy Florida (PEF) has allocated $1.9 million per year towards residential photovoltaic (PV) incentives. PEF will accept applications annually from residential customers both wishing to install a PV system and qualifying for a rebate. Reservations for a rebate will be issued on a first-come basis, however a reservation does not guarantee that a rebate
Mandatory Photovoltaic System Cost Estimate | Department of Energy
Mandatory Photovoltaic System Cost Estimate Mandatory Photovoltaic System Cost Estimate Mandatory Photovoltaic System Cost Estimate < Back Eligibility Utility Savings Category Solar Buying & Making Electricity Program Info State Colorado Program Type Line Extension Analysis Provider Colorado Public Utilities Commission At the request of a customer or a potential customer, Colorado electric utilities are required to conduct a cost comparison of a photovoltaic (PV) system to any proposed distribution line extension if the customer or potential customer provides the utility with load data (estimated monthly kilowatt-hour usage) requested by the utility to conduct the comparison, and if the customer's or potential customer's peak demand is estimated to be less than 25 kilowatts (kW). In performing the comparison analysis, the
Modesto Irrigation District - Photovoltaic Rebate Program | Department of
Modesto Irrigation District - Photovoltaic Rebate Program Modesto Irrigation District - Photovoltaic Rebate Program Modesto Irrigation District - Photovoltaic Rebate Program < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Local Government Nonprofit Residential State Government Savings Category Solar Buying & Making Electricity Maximum Rebate 50% of total project costs. Program Info State California Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount Systems >1 kW to 30 kW: $1.00/W AC. Systems >30 kW to 1 MW: performance-based incentive of $0.10/kWh for 5 years. Provider PV Program Coordinator Modesto Irrigation District offers a photovoltaic rebate program for all of their electric customers. The peak output capacity of a system must be 1 kW or greater to participate. Systems up to 30 kilowatts (kW) in capacity can
Poudre Valley REA - Photovoltaic Rebate Program | Department of Energy
Poudre Valley REA - Photovoltaic Rebate Program Poudre Valley REA - Photovoltaic Rebate Program Poudre Valley REA - Photovoltaic Rebate Program < Back Eligibility Residential Savings Category Solar Buying & Making Electricity Maximum Rebate $4,500 Program Info State Colorado Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount $1.50 per watt Provider Poudre Valley REA Poudre Valley REC is providing rebates to their residential customers who install photovoltaic (PV) systems on their homes. This rebate program was timed to coincide with the Colorado Governor's Energy Office's (GEO) state-wide rebate program, and Poudre Valley REC customers are permitted to receive both rebates. Before receiving a rebate, applicants must have an energy audit of their home that includes a blower door test. The audit must
Hudson Light and Power - Photovoltaic Incentive Program (Massachusetts) |
Hudson Light and Power - Photovoltaic Incentive Program Hudson Light and Power - Photovoltaic Incentive Program (Massachusetts) Hudson Light and Power - Photovoltaic Incentive Program (Massachusetts) < Back Eligibility Commercial Industrial Local Government Nonprofit Residential Savings Category Solar Buying & Making Electricity Maximum Rebate Residential: $5,000 Non-residential: $10,000 Program Info Start Date 03/2011 State Massachusetts Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount $1.00 per watt Provider Hudson Light and Power Starting in 2011, Hudson Light and Power Department, the municipal utility for the Town of Hudson, started offering a limited number of photovoltaic rebates for residential, commercial, industrial, and municipal customers. The maximum incentive is $5,000 for residential customers per installation
Central Georgia EMC - Photovoltaic Rebate Program | Department of Energy
Central Georgia EMC - Photovoltaic Rebate Program Central Georgia EMC - Photovoltaic Rebate Program Central Georgia EMC - Photovoltaic Rebate Program < Back Eligibility Residential Savings Category Solar Buying & Making Electricity Maximum Rebate $4,500 Program Info State Georgia Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount $450/kW installed capacity Provider Central Georgia Electric Membership Corporation In June 2008, Central Georgia Electric Membership Corporation (CGEMC) began offering a rebate of $450 per kilowatt (kW) to residential members who install photovoltaic (PV) systems that are interconnected and net-metered. To qualify, PV systems must have a warranty of five or more years and must be installed by a licensed contractor. In addition, PV systems are limited to 10 kW in capacity and must be installed in accordance with all
Improving efficiency of high-concentrator photovoltaics by cooling with
Improving efficiency of high-concentrator photovoltaics by cooling with Improving efficiency of high-concentrator photovoltaics by cooling with two-phase forced convection Title Improving efficiency of high-concentrator photovoltaics by cooling with two-phase forced convection Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2010 Authors Ho, Tony, Samuel S. Mao, and Ralph Greif Journal International Journal of Energy Research Volume 34 Start Page 1257 Issue 14 Pagination 1257-1271 Date Published 11/2010 Keywords high-concentrator photovoltaic efficiency, two-phase flow cooling applications Abstract The potential of increasing high-concentrator photovoltaic cell efficiency by cooling with two-phase flow is analyzed. The governing energy equations were used to predict cell temperature distributions and cell efficiencies for a photovoltaic cell under 100 suns' concentration. Several design conditions were taken into consideration in the analysis, including cooling channel height, working fluid type (between water and R134a), working fluid inlet temperature, pressure, and mass flow rate. It was observed that the dominant parameter for increasing cell efficiency was the working fluid saturation temperature, which itself is affected by a number of the aforementioned design parameters. The results show R134a at low inlet pressures to be highly effective in this two-phase cooling design.
Abstract � Power inverters are used to convert the D.C power produced by the solar photovoltaic cell into AC. This paper presents a novel Adaptive Hysteresis Current Controller to control the inverter, used in the solar photovoltaic cell. The proposed controller is capable of reducing the total harmonic distortion and to provide constant switching frequency. The mathematical model of Photovoltaic array is developed using the Newton�s method using the parameter obtained from a commercial photovoltaic data sheet under variable weather conditions, in which the effect of irradiance and temperature are considered. The modeled Photovoltaic array is interfaced with DC-DC boost converter, AC-DC inverter and load. A DC-DC boost converter is used to step up the input DC voltage of the Photovoltaic array while the DC-AC single-phase inverter converts the input DC comes from boost converter into AC. The performance of the proposed controller of inverter is evaluated through MATLAB-Simulation. The results obtained with the proposed algorithm are compared with those obtained when using conventional fixed hysteresis current controller for single-phase photovoltaic inverter in terms of THD and switching frequency.
unknown authors
Identify types of development and climate impacts that are country...
economic and market potential of technologies and initiatives Clean Energy Market Analysis Toolkit 3b.3. Prioritize development options 3c. Analytical Decision Making -...
Department of Energy: Photovoltaics program - FY 1996
The National Photovoltaic Program supports efforts to make PV an important part of the US economy through three main program elements: Research and Development, Technology Development, and Systems Engineering and Applications. (1) Research and Development activities generate new ideas, test the latest scientific theories, and push the limits of PV efficiencies in laboratory and prototype materials and devices. (2) Technology Development activities apply laboratory innovations to products to improve PV technology and the manufacturing techniques used to produce PV systems for the market. (3) Systems Engineering and Applications activities help improve PV systems and validate these improvements through tests, measurements, and deployment of prototypes. In addition, applications research validates, sales, maintenance, and financing mechanisms worldwide. (4) Environmental, Health, Safety and Resource Characterization activities help to define environmental, health and safety issues for those facilities engaged in the manufacture of PV products and organizations engaged in PV research and development. All PV Program activities are planned and executed in close collaboration and partnership with the U.S. PV industry. The overall PV Program is planned to be a balanced effort of research, manufacturing development, and market development. Critical to the success of this strategy is the National Photovoltaic Program`s effort to reduce the cost of electricity generated by photovoltaic. The program is doing this in three primary ways: by making devices more efficient, by making PV systems less expensive, and by validating the technology through measurements, tests, and prototypes.
NREL: Photovoltaics Research - Competitive Solicitations
Competitive Solicitations Competitive Solicitations In competitive solicitations, U.S. industry and/or university researchers may work with National Center for Photovoltaic (NCPV) scientists to submit a proposal to a U.S. government agency for funding of collaborative research projects. These solicitations may be tendered through the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), the Office of Science, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) Defense Advanced Research and Development Agency (DARPA), or other groups. Work is generally competitive research and development (R&D) that is proprietary, either involving intellectual property (IP) or having a high probability of generating IP. Work performed under the solicitation may or may not be
Photovoltaic module and interlocked stack of photovoltaic modules
One embodiment relates to an arrangement of photovoltaic modules configured for transportation. The arrangement includes a plurality of photovoltaic modules, each photovoltaic module including a frame having at least a top member and a bottom member. A plurality of alignment features are included on the top member of each frame, and a plurality of alignment features are included on the bottom member of each frame. Adjacent photovoltaic modules are interlocked by the alignment features on the top member of a lower module fitting together with the alignment features on the bottom member of an upper module. Other embodiments, features and aspects are also disclosed.
Wares, Brian S.
NREL: Photovoltaics Research - Photovoltaic Manufacturing R&D...
in the background. BP Solar's manufacturing capabilities include automatic sorting of solar cells after final testing. NREL's Photovoltaic (PV) Manufacturing Research and...
DOI: 10.5772/10347 Chapter Number Thermal performance of photovoltaic systems integrated in buildings
1.1 History of photovoltaic systems � Photovoltaics is one of the leading chains of "sustainable development". Indeed, when one observes the development programs of energy systems in the countries or nations that move towards sustainable development, we find that the solar (and through it the production of
D. Bigot; F. Miranville; F. Ali Hamada; I. Ingar; S. Guichard; H. Boyer
Photon management in thermal and solar photovoltaics
Photovoltaics is a technology that directly converts photon energy into electrical energy. Depending on the photon source, photovoltaic systems can be categorized into two groups: solar photovoltaics (PV) and thermophotovoltaics ...
Hu, Lu
Analysis methods for photovoltaic applications
Because photovoltaic power systems are being considered for an ever-widening range of applications, it is appropriate for system designers to have knowledge of and access to photovoltaic power systems simulation models and design tools. This brochure gives brief descriptions of a variety of such aids and was compiled after surveying both manufacturers and researchers. Services available through photovoltaic module manufacturers are outlined, and computer codes for systems analysis are briefly described. (WHK)
Photovoltaics: Reality and Prospects
Photovoltaics: Reality and Prospects Photovoltaics: Reality and Prospects Speaker(s): David Faiman Date: August 7, 2001 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Donald Grether David Faiman is on the faculty of Ben-Gurion University and also in the Department of Energy and Environmental Physics at the Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research. The Department is an interdisciplinary research group that includes scientists with training in geography, meteorology, mechanical engineering, applied mathematics, physics and chemistry. Research work at the department covers various aspects of the physical environment. These include solar energy utilization and applied optics, the desert climate, remote sensing and modeling of desertification, and basic aspects of nonlinear dynamics and thermodynamics as related to
Temperature compensated photovoltaic array
A temperature compensated photovoltaic module (20) comprised of a series of solar cells (22) having a thermally activated switch (24) connected in parallel with several of the cells (22). The photovoltaic module (20) is adapted to charge conventional batteries having a temperature coefficient (TC) differing from the temperature coefficient (TC) of the module (20). The calibration temperatures of the switches (24) are chosen whereby the colder the ambient temperature for the module (20), the more switches that are on and form a closed circuit to short the associated solar cells (22). By shorting some of the solar cells (22) as the ambient temperature decreases, the battery being charged by the module (20) is not excessively overcharged at lower temperatures. PV module (20) is an integrated solution that is reliable and inexpensive.
Mosher, Dan Michael (Plano, TX)
A temperature compensated photovoltaic module comprises a series of solar cells having a thermally activated switch connected in parallel with several of the cells. The photovoltaic module is adapted to charge conventional batteries having a temperature coefficient differing from the temperature coefficient of the module. The calibration temperatures of the switches are chosen whereby the colder the ambient temperature for the module, the more switches that are on and form a closed circuit to short the associated solar cells. By shorting some of the solar cells as the ambient temperature decreases, the battery being charged by the module is not excessively overcharged at lower temperatures. PV module is an integrated solution that is reliable and inexpensive. 2 figs.
Mosher, D.M.
NREL: Photovoltaics Research - Facilities
Facilities Facilities NREL's world-class research facilities provide the venue for innovative advances in photovoltaic technologies and applications. These facilities within the National Center for Photovoltaics (NCPV) serve both multi-use and dedicated-use functions. We encourage our research colleagues in industry, universities, and other laboratories to pursue opportunities in working with our staff in these facilities. Dedicated-Use Facilities Photo of a red-hot coil glowing inside a round machine. Research within these facilities focuses on targeted areas of interest that require specific tools, techniques, or unique capabilities. Our two main dedicated-use facilities are the following: Outdoor Test Facility (OTF) OTF researchers study and evaluate advanced or emerging PV technologies
Photovoltaics is a technology that converts radiant Photovoltaics is a technology that converts radiant light energy (photo) to electricity (voltaics). Photo- voltaic (PV) cells are the basic building blocks of this energy technology. PV cells (also called solar cells) are made of semicon- ductor materials, most typically silicon. The amount of electricity a PV cell produces depends on its size, its conversion efficiency (see box on reverse), and the intensity of the light source. Sunlight is the most common source of the energy used by PV cells to produce an electric current. It takes just a few PV cells to produce enough elec- tricity to power a small watch or solar calculator. For more power, cells are connected together to form larger units called modules. Modules, in turn, are connected to form arrays, and arrays can be
EROI of crystalline silicon photovoltaics.
?? Installed photovoltaic nameplate power have been growing rapidly around the worldin the last few years. But how much energy is returned to society (i.e.� (more)
Lundin, Johan
Performance Photovoltaic (PV), or solar cells use the energy in sunlight to produce electricity. However, the amount of electricity produced depends on the quality of the light...
NREL: Learning - Photovoltaics for Students
Solar Sprint. The following resources will help students find out more information about solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. If you are unfamiliar with PV systems, see introduction...
Compound Photovoltaics - Programmaster.org
Sep 15, 2009 ... The growing prospects of current and coming solar-photovoltaic (PV) technologies are envisioned, arguing this solar-electricity source is�...
Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Modules
Flat-plate photovoltaic (PV) modules are made of several components, including the front surface materials, encapsulant, rear surface, and frame.
Photovoltaic-thermal collectors
A photovoltaic-thermal solar cell including a semiconductor body having antireflective top and bottom surfaces and coated on each said surface with a patterned electrode covering less than 10% of the surface area. A thermal-absorbing surface is spaced apart from the bottom surface of the semiconductor and a heat-exchange fluid is passed between the bottom surface and the heat-absorbing surface.
Cox, III, Charles H. (Carlisle, MA)
British Photovoltaic Association | Open Energy Information
Photovoltaic Association Jump to: navigation, search Name British Photovoltaic Association Place Milton Keynes, United Kingdom Zip MK5 8NG Product Trade body for the PV industry in...
SunShot Initiative: Photovoltaics Competitive Awards
Technologies in Solar Next Generation Photovoltaics Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency SunShot Incubator Program Photovoltaic Supply Chain & Cross-Cutting...
Southwest Photovoltaic Systems Inc | Open Energy Information
Southwest Photovoltaic Systems Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name Southwest Photovoltaic Systems Inc Place Tomball, Texas Zip 77375 Product Distributor of small scale PV systems...
Photovoltaic Cell Performance Basics | Department of Energy
Photovoltaic Cell Performance Basics August 19, 2013 - 4:55pm Addthis Photovoltaic (PV), or solar cells use the energy in sunlight to produce electricity. However, the amount...
Aternating current photovoltaic building block - Energy ...
A modular apparatus for and method of alternating current photovoltaic power generation comprising via a photovoltaic module, generating power in the form of direct ...
Alternating Current Photovoltaic Building Block - Energy ...
This technology provides a fully integrated and self-containing alternating current (AC) photovoltaic (PV) Building Block device and method that allows photovoltaic ...
Photovoltaics Value Clearinghouse | Open Energy Information
Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon Photovoltaics Value Clearinghouse Jump to: navigation, search The Photovoltaics Value...
Photovoltaics and the Environment
Over the past five years, solar energy usage has grown by about 43 percent a year, giving rise to a billion-dollar industry in photovoltaics (PV) or getting electricity from light. The word photovoltaics combines the Greek phos, or light, with the �volt� of electricity. PV technologies have distinct environmental advantages over conventional power technologies, such as: no noise, no emissions, no need for fuel and power lines. Compared to burning coal, a gigawatt-hour of PV-generated electricity would prevent the release of about 1,000 tons of carbon dioxide, eight of sulfur dioxide, four of nitrogen oxides, and 0.4 tons of particulates. However, manufacturing the solar cells that transform light to electricity requires the use of some toxic and flammable substances. Addressing the environmental, health, and safety concerns of the PV industry to minimize risk while ensuring economic viability and public support is the work of the National Photovoltaic Environmental Health, & Safety Assistance Center at BNL.
Fthenakis, Vasilis (BNL Environmental Sciences)
Jiangsu Shunfeng Photovoltaic Technology Co Ltd | Open Energy Information
Shunfeng Photovoltaic Technology Co Ltd Shunfeng Photovoltaic Technology Co Ltd Jump to: navigation, search Name Jiangsu Shunfeng Photovoltaic Technology Co Ltd Place Changzhou, China Zip 213169 Product Manufacturer of the silicon crystalline cells and modules in China Coordinates 31.766211°, 119.94722° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":31.766211,"lon":119.94722,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Xi an Huanghe Photovoltaic Technology Co Ltd | Open Energy Information
Xi an Huanghe Photovoltaic Technology Co Ltd Xi an Huanghe Photovoltaic Technology Co Ltd Jump to: navigation, search Name Xi'an Huanghe Photovoltaic Technology Co Ltd Place Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China Sector Solar Product China-based solar cell and module manufacturer. Coordinates 43.429695°, 12.935155° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":43.429695,"lon":12.935155,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Udhaya Energy Photovoltaics P Ltd UPV Solar | Open Energy Information
Udhaya Energy Photovoltaics P Ltd UPV Solar Udhaya Energy Photovoltaics P Ltd UPV Solar Jump to: navigation, search Name Udhaya Energy Photovoltaics (P) Ltd. (UPV Solar) Place Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Zip 641 407 Sector Solar Product Coimbatore-based manufacturers & exporters Of solar PV cells. Coordinates 11.01167°, 76.98406° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":11.01167,"lon":76.98406,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Integrating Photovoltaic Systems into Low-Income Housing Developments: A Case Study on the Creation of a New Residential Financing Model and Low-Income Resident Job Training Program, September 2011 (Brochure)
This case study covers the process of successfully integrating photovoltaic (PV) systems into a low-income housing development in northeast Denver, Colorado, focusing specifically on a new financing model and job training. The Northeast Denver Housing Center (NDHC), working in cooperation with Del Norte Neighborhood Development Corporation, Groundwork Denver, and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), was able to finance the PV system installations by blending private equity funding with utility rebates, federal tax credits, and public sector funding. A grant provided by the Governor's Energy Office allowed for the creation of the new financing model. In addition, the program incorporated an innovative low-income job training program and an energy conservation incentive program.
Dean, J.; Smith-Dreier, C.; Mekonnen, G.; Hawthorne, W.
Renewable energy options in Saudi Arabia: the economic viability of solar photovoltaics within the residential sector
Renewable energy options, including solar power, are becoming progressively more viable and thus increasingly pose challenges to conventional sources of energy, such as oil, coal and natural gas. Solar Photovoltaic technology is one type of solar energy ... Keywords: Saudi Arabia, feasibility study, renewable energy, residential buildings, solar photovoltaics
Yasser Al-Saleh; Hanan Taleb
Photovoltaic manufacturing technology, Phase 1. Final technical report, 1 May 1991--10 May 1991
This report describes subcontracted research by the Chronar Corporation, prepared by Advanced Photovoltaic Systems, Inc. (APS) for Phase 1 of the Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology Development project. Amorphous silicon is chosen as the PV technology that Chronar Corporation and APS believe offers the greatest potential for manufacturing improvements, which, in turn, will result in significant cost reductions and performance improvements in photovoltaic products. The APS ``Eureka`` facility was chosen as the manufacturing system that can offer the possibility of achieving these production enhancements. The relationship of the ``Eureka`` facility to Chronar`s ``batch`` plants is discussed. Five key areas are also identified that could meet the objectives of manufacturing potential that could lead to improved performance, reduced manufacturing costs, and significantly increased production. The projected long-term potential benefits of these areas are discussed, as well as problems that may impede the achievement of the hoped-for developments. A significant number of the problems discussed are of a generic nature and could be of general interest to the industry. The final section of this document addresses the cost and time estimates for achieving the solutions to the problems discussed earlier. Emphasis is placed on the number, type, and cost of the human resources required for the project.
Photovoltaic Cell Material Basics | Department of Energy
Material Basics Material Basics Photovoltaic Cell Material Basics August 19, 2013 - 4:43pm Addthis Although crystalline silicon cells are the most common type, photovoltaic (PV), or solar cells, can be made of many semiconductor materials. Each material has unique strengths and characteristics that influence its suitability for specific applications. For example, PV cell materials may differ based on their crystallinity, bandgap, absorbtion, and manufacturing complexity. Learn more about each of these characteristics below or learn about these solar cell materials: Silicon (Si)-including single-crystalline Si, multicrystalline Si, and amorphous Si Polycrystalline Thin Films-including copper indium diselenide (CIS), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and thin-film silicon Single-Crystalline Thin Films-including high-efficiency material
The solar cube: A building-integrated photovoltaic incubator
A huge tipped glass tube provides instruction to visitors to the Discovery Science Center in Los Angeles, and an educational diversion to commuters on Interstate 5. The project revealed that photovoltaic industry has a lot to learn from those in the construction industry about building-integrated photovoltaics. The industry must develop products pleasing to the architect and the architect's client, and easily adaptable to the rest of the building. This market requires PV manufacturers to look at photovoltaics as a building material that just so happens to produce electricity, too. Hence, price per square rules in this application over cost per watt. Most importantly, of course, demonstrating as pioneers the potential of building-integrated photovoltaics has delighted the client, The Science Discovery Center.
Perlin, J.
Solar Photovoltaics Market Update, Volume 3: Fall
Volume 3 of EPRI�s quarterly Solar PV Market Update provides continued insight into some of the front line trends that are afoot throughout the photovoltaic segment. Like previous Updates, it synthesizes primary as well as secondary data from multiple sources in an effort to highlight both macro and micro industry developments that are likely to impact utility solar PV investment and planning efforts. Specifically, this report offers an account of recent PV pricing and cost trends, an apparent ...
Photovoltaic Systems Assessment: An Integrated Perspective
Information from recent photovoltaic (PV) research and technology assessments was synthesized into a review of key planning, hardware, institutional, and operational issues. Researchers reviewed PV cell and module technologies, results from ongoing field tests of intermediate-size systems, and balance-of-system (non-PV components) costs for residential, intermediate, and central station applications. Cost-performance targets for PV systems in various locations were developed.
Photovoltaic system in system LABI
There is prepared a new model marked as DE10 to extens the system LABI. It is a photovoltaic system. Utilizing of model is into the field of university studying and as a pilot test system for all extern experts. A special parts of model are measurement ... Keywords: automation, measurement, photovoltaic system, sun energy
Hruska Frantisek
Graphite-based photovoltaic cells
The present invention uses lithographically patterned graphite stacks as the basic building elements of an efficient and economical photovoltaic cell. The basic design of the graphite-based photovoltaic cells includes a plurality of spatially separated graphite stacks, each comprising a plurality of vertically stacked, semiconducting graphene sheets (carbon nanoribbons) bridging electrically conductive contacts.
Lagally, Max (Madison, WI); Liu, Feng (Salt Lake City, UT)
Solar photovoltaic panels tracking system
This research project concentrates on the design and control of a two-degrees-of-freedom orientation system for the photovoltaic solar panels in sunny regions which are considered very rich in solar energy. A brief background on the sun path and behavior ... Keywords: altitude, azimuth, closed-loop control, open-loop control, orientation, sensor, solar photovoltaic panels, solar tracking
Ahmed Abu Hanieh
Chapter 9: Photovoltaic DevicesChapter 9: Photovoltaic Devices Solar energy spectrumSolar energy spectrum
;Photovoltaic devices or solar cells convert thePhotovoltaic devices or solar cells convert the incident solar 4 Solar cell plant #12;Cars powered by photovoltaic devices PHYS 5320 Chapter Nine 5 #12;SolarChapter 9: Photovoltaic DevicesChapter 9: Photovoltaic Devices Solar energy spectrumSolar energy
Wang, Jianfang
Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) roofs for sustainability and energy
integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) roofs for sustainability and energy integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) roofs for sustainability and energy efficiency Title Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) roofs for sustainability and energy efficiency Publication Type Report Year of Publication 2013 Authors Ly, Peter, George Ban-Weiss, Nathan Finch, Craig Wray, Mark de Ogburn, William W. Delp, Hashem Akbari, Scott Smaby, Ronnen Levinson, and Bret Gean Corporate Authors SEI Group Inc. Document Number ESTCP EW-200813 Pagination 156 pp. Date Published 09/2013 Publisher Naval Facilities Engineering Command - Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center Type Technical Report Report Number TR-NAVFAC-EXWC-PW-1303 Keywords Buildings Energy Efficiency, energy efficiency, Energy Usage, renewable energy, Renewable Energy: Policy & Programs Abstract
Multiferroics for Photovoltaics and Multiferroics Switching and ...
Nanostructured Magnetoelectrics & Multiferroics: Multiferroics for Photovoltaics and Multiferroics Switching and Domain Walls Program Organizers: Alain�...
Energy Conversion � Photovoltaic, Concentrating Solar Power, and ...
About this Symposium. Meeting, Materials Science & Technology 2012. Symposium, Energy Conversion � Photovoltaic, Concentrating Solar Power, and �...
Terrestrial applications of bifacial photovoltaic solar panels
Bifacial Photovoltaic solar cells (so-called transparent bifacial photovoltaic solar cells) offer additional absorption by rear side, which is a significant advantage over ordinary Photovoltaic solar cells. A range of experiments have been done on bifacial ... Keywords: absorption, panels, photovoltaic, solar cells, terrestrial
P. Ooshaksaraei; R. Zulkifli; S. H. Zaidi; M. Alghoul; A. Zaharim; K. Sopian
Characterization and Modeling of 3D Photovoltaics
About this Abstract. Meeting, Materials Science & Technology 2012. Symposium, Energy Conversion � Photovoltaic, Concentrating Solar Power, and�...
Solar Photovoltaic SPECIFICATION, CHECKLIST AND GUIDE
Photovoltaic Photovoltaic SPECIFICATION, CHECKLIST AND GUIDE Renewable Energy Ready Home Renewable Energy Ready Home SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIFICATION, CHECKLIST AND GUIDE i Table of Contents About the Renewable Energy Ready Home Specifications Assumptions of the RERH Solar Photovoltaic Specification .............................................................................. 1 Builder and Specification Limitations ............................................................................................................. 2
Photovoltaic system reliability
This paper discusses the reliability of several photovoltaic projects including SMUD`s PV Pioneer project, various projects monitored by Ascension Technology, and the Colorado Parks project. System times-to-failure range from 1 to 16 years, and maintenance costs range from 1 to 16 cents per kilowatt-hour. Factors contributing to the reliability of these systems are discussed, and practices are recommended that can be applied to future projects. This paper also discusses the methodology used to collect and analyze PV system reliability data.
Maish, A.B.; Atcitty, C. [Sandia National Labs., NM (United States); Greenberg, D. [Ascension Technology, Inc., Lincoln Center, MA (United States)] [and others
Photovoltaic Degradation Risk: Preprint
The ability to accurately predict power delivery over the course of time is of vital importance to the growth of the photovoltaic (PV) industry. Important cost drivers include the efficiency with which sunlight is converted into power, how this relationship changes over time, and the uncertainty in this prediction. An accurate quantification of power decline over time, also known as degradation rate, is essential to all stakeholders - utility companies, integrators, investors, and researchers alike. In this paper we use a statistical approach based on historical data to quantify degradation rates, discern trends and quantify risks related to measurement uncertainties, number of measurements and methodologies.
Jordan, D. C.; Kurtz, S. R.
Photovoltaic panel clamp
A photovoltaic panel clamp includes an upper and lower section. The interface between the assembled clamp halves and the module edge is filled by a flexible gasket material, such as EPDM rubber. The gasket preferably has small, finger like protrusions that allow for easy insertion onto the module edge while being reversed makes it more difficult to remove them from the module once installed. The clamp includes mounting posts or an integral axle to engage a bracket. The clamp also may include a locking tongue to secure the clamp to a bracket.
Mittan, Margaret Birmingham (Oakland, CA); Miros, Robert H. J. (Fairfax, CA); Brown, Malcolm P. (San Francisco, CA); Stancel, Robert (Loss Altos Hills, CA)
Brown, Malcolm P.; Mittan, Margaret Birmingham; Miros, Robert H. J.; Stancel, Robert
Characterization of Photovoltaic Concentrators
This paper will describe the resources at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for performing characterization of photovoltaic (PV) materials designed for operation under concentrated light. NREL has the capability to measure devices ranging from very small, unencapsulated research cells to reasonably sized, environmentally protected modules. Data gathering and interpretation are also ongoing areas of revision and improvement. The main goal of the current research is to reduce the measurement uncertainty to the lowest practical value. At present, the state of the art is limited at a ?5% level in measuring efficiency accurately.
Kiehl, J.; Emery, E.
Interim performance criteria for photovoltaic energy systems. [Glossary included
This document is a response to the Photovoltaic Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-590) which required the generation of performance criteria for photovoltaic energy systems. Since the document is evolutionary and will be updated, the term interim is used. More than 50 experts in the photovoltaic field have contributed in the writing and review of the 179 performance criteria listed in this document. The performance criteria address characteristics of present-day photovoltaic systems that are of interest to manufacturers, government agencies, purchasers, and all others interested in various aspects of photovoltaic system performance and safety. The performance criteria apply to the system as a whole and to its possible subsystems: array, power conditioning, monitor and control, storage, cabling, and power distribution. They are further categorized according to the following performance attributes: electrical, thermal, mechanical/structural, safety, durability/reliability, installation/operation/maintenance, and building/site. Each criterion contains a statement of expected performance (nonprescriptive), a method of evaluation, and a commentary with further information or justification. Over 50 references for background information are also given. A glossary with definitions relevant to photovoltaic systems and a section on test methods are presented in the appendices. Twenty test methods are included to measure performance characteristics of the subsystem elements. These test methods and other parts of the document will be expanded or revised as future experience and needs dictate.
DeBlasio, R.; Forman, S.; Hogan, S.; Nuss, G.; Post, H.; Ross, R.; Schafft, H.
Quantum well multijunction photovoltaic cell
A monolithic, quantum well, multilayer photovoltaic cell comprises a p-n junction comprising a p-region on one side and an n-region on the other side, each of which regions comprises a series of at least three semiconductor layers, all p-type in the p-region and all n-type in the n-region; each of said series of layers comprising alternating barrier and quantum well layers, each barrier layer comprising a semiconductor material having a first bandgap and each quantum well layer comprising a semiconductor material having a second bandgap when in bulk thickness which is narrower than said first bandgap, the barrier layers sandwiching each quantum well layer and each quantum well layer being sufficiently thin that the width of its bandgap is between said first and second bandgaps, such that radiation incident on said cell and above an energy determined by the bandgap of the quantum well layers will be absorbed and will produce an electrical potential across said junction.
Chaffin, R.J.; Osbourn, G.C.
Chaffin, Roger J. (Albuquerque, NM); Osbourn, Gordon C. (Albuquerque, NM)
Photovoltaic Product Directory and Buyers Guide
The directory guide explains photovoltaic systems briefly and shows what products are available off-the-shelf. Information is given to assist in designing a photovoltaic system and on financial incentives. Help is given for determining if photovoltaic products can meet a particular buyer's needs, and information is provided on actual photovoltaic user's experiences. Detailed information is appended on various financial incentives available from state and federal governments, sources of additional information on photovoltaics, sources of various photovoltaic products, and a listing of addresses of photovoltaic products suppliers. (LEW)
Watts, R.L.; Smith, S.A.; Dirks, J.A.; Mazzucchi, R.P.; Lee, V.E.
Photovoltaics as an operating energy system
In the short time since the discovery of the modern solar cell in 1954, terrestrial photovoltaic power system technology has matured in all areas, from collector reliability to system and subsystem design and operations. Today's PV systems are finding widespread use in powering loads where conventional sources are either unavailable, unreliable, or too costly. A broad range of applications is possible because of the modularity of the technology---it can be used to power loads ranging from less than a watt to several megawatts. This inherent modularity makes PV an excellent choice to play a major role in rural electrification in the developing world. The future for grid-connected photovoltaic systems is also very promising. Indications are that several of today's technologies, at higher production rates and in megawatt-sized installations, will generate electricity in the vicinity of $0.12/kWh in the near future. 12 refs., 3 figs.
Jones, G.J.; Post, H.N.; Thomas, M.G.
Summary of photovoltaic system performance models
The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed overview of photovoltaics (PV) performance modeling capabilities that have been developed during recent years for analyzing PV system and component design and policy issues. A set of 10 performance models have been selected which span a representative range of capabilities from generalized first-order calculations to highly specialized electrical network simulations. A set of performance modeling topics and characteristics is defined and used to examine some of the major issues associated with photovoltaic performance modeling. Next, each of the models is described in the context of these topics and characteristics to assess its purpose, approach, and level of detail. Then each of the issues is discussed in terms of the range of model capabilities available and summarized in tabular form for quick reference. Finally, the models are grouped into categories to illustrate their purposes and perspectives.
Smith, J. H.; Reiter, L. J.
NREL photovoltaic program FY 1997 annual report
This report summarizes the in-house and subcontracted research and development (R and D) activities under the NREL PV Program from October 1, 1996, through September 30, 1997 (FY 1997). The NREL PV Program is part of the US Department of Energy`s (DOE`s) National Photovoltaics Program, as described in the DOE National Photovoltaics Program Plan for 1996--2000. The FY 1997 budget authority for carrying out the NREL PV Program was $39.3 million in operating funds and $0.4 million in capital equipment funds. Subcontract activities represent a major part of the NREL PV Program, with $21.8 million (55% of PV funds) going to some 84 subcontractors. Cost sharing by industry added almost $8.8 million to the subcontract R and D activities with industry.
McConnell, R.D.; Hansen, A.; Smoller, S.
Photovoltaic and thermophotovoltaic devices with quantum barriers
A photovoltaic or thermophotovoltaic device includes a diode formed by p-type material and n-type material joined at a p-n junction and including a depletion region adjacent to said p-n junction, and a quantum barrier disposed near or in the depletion region of the p-n junction so as to decrease device reverse saturation current density while maintaining device short circuit current density. In one embodiment, the quantum barrier is disposed on the n-type material side of the p-n junction and decreases the reverse saturation current density due to electrons while in another, the barrier is disposed on the p-type material side of the p-n junction and decreases the reverse saturation current density due to holes. In another embodiment, both types of quantum barriers are used.
Wernsman, Bernard R. (Jefferson Hills, PA)
Structure-Function Relationships in Semiconducting Polymers for Organic Photovoltaics
Photovoltaic Cell .the materials, all photovoltaic cells operate on the basicEquation 1.2) For photovoltaic cells of all kinds and from
Kavulak, David Fredric Joel
Statistical Methods for Enhanced Metrology in Semiconductor/Photovoltaic Manufacturing
modeling method for photovoltaic cells. � in Proc. IEEE 35thlosses in solar photovoltaic cell networks. � Energy 32:Cell Variability Photovoltaic (PV) cells manufactured with
Zeng, Dekong
Fabrication and Characterization of Organic/Inorganic Photovoltaic Devices
processable polymer photovoltaic cells by self-organizationand their influence on photovoltaic cells, Solar EnergyPhotodiodes, and Photovoltaic Cells, Applied Physics Letters
Guvenc, Ali Bilge
The Market Value and Cost of Solar Photovoltaic Electricity Production
Production of Solar Photovoltaic Cells�, Center for theconcerns is solar photovoltaic cells (PVs), which captureProduction of Solar Photovoltaic Cells Solar PV cells
Borenstein, Severin
World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Volumeof Solar Photovoltaic Cells�, Center for the Study of EnergyPhotovoltaic Subsidies? � Center for the Study of Energy
Photovoltaic module with adhesion promoter
Photovoltaic modules with adhesion promoters and methods for fabricating photovoltaic modules with adhesion promoters are described. A photovoltaic module includes a solar cell including a first surface and a second surface, the second surface including a plurality of interspaced back-side contacts. A first glass layer is coupled to the first surface by a first encapsulating layer. A second glass layer is coupled to the second surface by a second encapsulating layer. At least a portion of the second encapsulating layer is bonded directly to the plurality of interspaced back-side contacts by an adhesion promoter.
High Performance Photovoltaic Project Overview
The High-Performance Photovoltaic (HiPerf PV) Project was initiated by the U.S. Department of Energy to substantially increase the viability of photovoltaics (PV) for cost-competitive applications so that PV can contribute significantly to our energy supply and environment in the 21st century. To accomplish this, the National Center for Photovoltaics (NCPV) directs in-house and subcontracted research in high-performance polycrystalline thin-film and multijunction concentrator devices. In this paper, we describe the recent research accomplishments in the in-house directed efforts and the research efforts under way in the subcontracted area.
Symko-Davies, M.; McConnell, R.
Impact of Different Economic Performance Metrics on the Perceived Value of Solar Photovoltaics
Photovoltaic (PV) systems are installed by several types of market participants, ranging from residential customers to large-scale project developers and utilities. Each type of market participant frequently uses a different economic performance metric to characterize PV value because they are looking for different types of returns from a PV investment. This report finds that different economic performance metrics frequently show different price thresholds for when a PV investment becomes profitable or attractive. Several project parameters, such as financing terms, can have a significant impact on some metrics [e.g., internal rate of return (IRR), net present value (NPV), and benefit-to-cost (B/C) ratio] while having a minimal impact on other metrics (e.g., simple payback time). As such, the choice of economic performance metric by different customer types can significantly shape each customer's perception of PV investment value and ultimately their adoption decision.
Drury, E.; Denholm, P.; Margolis, R.
Data mining and statistical techniques for characterizing the performance of thin-film photovoltaic modules
A method for characterizing the performance ratio of thin-film photovoltaic modules based on the use of data mining and statistical techniques is developed. In general, this parameter changes when modules are working in outdoor conditions depending on ... Keywords: Data mining, Performance ratio, Photovoltaic modules, Solar spectral distribution, Statistical models
Rafael Moreno S�ez, Mariano Sidrach-De-Cardona, Llanos Mora-L�pez
Photovoltaic commercialization: an analysis of legal issues affecting a government-accelerated solar industry
The Photovoltaics Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1978 is discussed. Legal issues, including solar access, the need for performance standards, the effects of building codes on photovoltaic system use and commercialization, and manufacturer and installer performance guarantees, are examined. Electric utility policies are examined, including interconnection, and rates and legal issues affecting them. (LEW)
Lamm, D.
Survey of spectral response measurements for photovoltaic devices
A survey of the photovoltaic community was conducted to ascertain the present state-of-the-art for PV spectral response measurements. Specific topics explored included measurement system designs, good and bad features of the systems, and problems encountered in the evaluation of specific cell structures and materials. The survey showed that most spectral response data are used in diagnostic analysis for the optimization of developmental solar cells. Measurement systems commonly utilize a chopped narrowband source in conjunction with a constant bias illumination which simulates the ambient end use environment. Researchers emphasized the importance of bias illumination for all types of cells in order to minimize the effects of nonlinearities in cell response. Not surprisingly single crystal silicon cells present the fewest measurement problems to the researcher and have been studied more thoroughly than any other type of solar cell. But, the accurate characterization of silicon cells is still difficult and laboratory intercomparison studies have yielded data scatter ranging from +-5% to +-15%. The measurement experience with other types of cells is less extensive. The development of reliable data bases for some solar cells is complicated by problems of cell nonuniformity, environmental instability, nonlinearity, etc. Cascade cells present new problems associated with their structue (multiple cells in series) which are just beginning to be understood. In addition, the importance of many measurement parameters (spectral content of bias light, bias light intensity, bias voltage, chopping frequency, etc.) are not fully understood for most types of solar cells.
Hartman, J.S.; Lind, M.A.
Standards for photovoltaic energy conversion systems. Final report
This report provides the results of a search for existing domestic standards and related documents for possible application in the development of a standards base for photovoltaic energy conversion systems. The search resulted in locating about 150 test methods, recommended practices, standards, solar-thermal performance criteria, and other standards-related documents. They are listed by topic areas in the appendix. The listing was prepared to assist those involved in developing performance criteria for photovoltaic systems and in identifying methods to test system performance against these criteria. It is clear from the results of the search that few standards are directly applicable to terrestrial solar photovoltaic systems and that much standards development is required to support the commercialization of such systems.
Schafft, H. A.
Industrial solar breeder project using concentrator photovoltaics
The purpose of this program is to demonstrate the use of a concentrating photovoltaic system to provide the energy for operating a silicon solar cell production facility, i.e., to demonstrate a solar breeder. Solarex has proposed to conduct the first real test of the solar breeder concept by building and operating a 200 kW(e) (peak) concentrating photovoltaic system based on the prototype and system design developed during Phase I. This system will provide all of the electrical and thermal energy required to operate a solar cell production line. This demonstration would be conducted at the Solarex Rockville facility, with the photovoltaic array located over the company parking lot and on an otherwise unusable flood plain. Phase I of this program included a comprehensive analysis of the application, prototype fabrication and evaluation, system design and specification, and a detailed plan for Phases II and III. A number of prototype tracking concentrator solar collectors were constructed and operated. Extensive system analysis was performed to design the Phase II system as a stand-alone power supply for a solar cell production line. Finally, a detailed system fabrication proposal for Phase II and an operation and evaluation plan for Phase III were completed. These proposals included technical, management, and cost plans for the fabrication and exercise of the proposed system.
Hamilton, R.; Wohlgemuth, J.; Burkholder, J.; Levine, A.; Storti, G.; Wrigley, C.; McKegg, A.
EELE408 Photovoltaics Lecture 16: Silicon Solar Cell Fabrication Techniques
1 EELE408 Photovoltaics Lecture 16: Silicon Solar Cell Fabrication Techniques Dr. Todd J. Kaiser - Bozeman Screen Printed Solar Cells · Starting wafer is about 0.5 mm thick and 10 x 10 cm2. The wafer is p-type and lightly doped with Boron (1016/cm3) 2 Screen Printed Solar Cells · Saw Damage Etch The starting wafer
Oncor Electric Delivery - Solar Photovoltaic Standard Offer Program...
Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount Residential: 538.79kW AC and 0.53kWh AC Non-residential: 538.79kW AC and 0.41kWh AC The 2013 Oncor Solar Photovoltaic...
A survey of thin-film solar photovoltaic industry & technologies
A new type of solar cell technology using so-called thin-film solar photovoltaic material has the potential to make a great impact on our lives. Because it uses very little or no silicon at all, thin- film (TF) solar ...
Grama, Sorin
Direct Use of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Energy
PV-DC refers to the direct use of photovoltaic (PV) energy in an appliance or other equipment without a grid connection. Most (over 90) of the new deployments of PV solar panels connect to the ac electric grid and do not use dc energy directly. These grid-connected PV systems use an electronic inverter to convert the dc array output to ac power for interfacing with the grid. However, with double-digit growth in all types of PV applications, the direct use of solar for powering end-use loads needs to be m...
Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology report, Phase 1
This report describes subcontracted research by Spectrolab, Inc., to address tasks outlined in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) Letter of solicitation RC-0-10057. These tasks include the potential of making photovoltaics (PV) a more affordable energy source, as set forth in the goal of the PVMaT project. Spectrolab believes that the DOE cost goals can be met using three different types of cells: (1) silicon concentrator cells, (2) high efficiency GaAs concentrator cells, and (3) mechanically stacked multijunction cells.
Mason, A.V.; Lillington, D.R.
101: Solar Photovoltaics 101: Solar Photovoltaics Energy 101: Solar Photovoltaics February 10, 2011 - 5:29pm Addthis Learn more about photovoltaic systems that convert light energy into electricity. Andy Oare Andy Oare Former New Media Strategist, Office of Public Affairs What are the key facts? The literal translation of the word photovoltaic is light-electricity. Photovoltaic systems generate power without pollution - and recent advancements have greatly increased their efficiency. Enough energy from the sun hits the earth every hour to power the planet for an entire year-and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are a clean, cost-effective way to harness that power for homes and businesses. The literal translation of the word photovoltaic is light-electricity-and this is exactly what photovoltaic materials and devices do-they convert
Ameren Missouri- Photovoltaic Rebate Program
Ameren Missouri offers rebates to its customers for the installation of net metered photovoltaic (PV) systems on their properties. The rebate is set at $2.00 per DC watt with a maximum rebate of ...
Photovoltaics II - Programmaster.org
Mar 13, 2012 ... Energy Nanomaterials: Photovoltaics II ... and Their Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Ziqi Sun1; Jung Ho Kim1; Yue Zhao1; ... the electron lifetime (?n) are examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
Photovoltaic Operation and Maintenance Evaluation
Results from this study confirm that photovoltaic power plants require low operating and maintenance costs per kilowatthour. Projections based on these results suggest that in the future costs will fall below 0.5 cent per kilowatthour.
OTEC- Residential Photovoltaic Rebate Program
Customers of Oregon Trail Electric Consumers Cooperative (OTEC) who install photovoltaic systems are eligible for a rebate of $500 for the first kilowatt (kW) of installed capacity per year. ...
Salem Electric- Photovoltaic Rebate Program
Salem Electric offers a rebate to residential customers who install solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Customers have the option of receiving a rebate or a [http://dsireusa.org/incentives/incentive...
Rooftop Photovoltaics Market Penetration Scenarios
The goal of this study was to model the market penetration of rooftop photovoltaics (PV) in the United States under a variety of scenarios, on a state-by-state basis, from 2007 to 2015.
Paidipati, J.; Frantzis, L.; Sawyer, H.; Kurrasch, A.
Reducing recombination in organic photovoltaics
In this thesis, I consider two methods to improve organic photovoltaic efficiency: energy level cascades and promotion of triplet state excitons. The former relies on a thin layer of material placed between the active ...
Sussman, Jason M. (Jason Michael)
Photovoltaic cell assembly
A photovoltaic assembly for converting high intensity solar radiation into lectrical energy in which a solar cell is separated from a heat sink by a thin layer of a composite material which has excellent dielectric properties and good thermal conductivity. This composite material is a thin film of porous Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in which the pores have been substantially filled with an electrophoretically-deposited layer of a styrene-acrylate resin. This composite provides electrical breakdown strengths greater than that of a layer consisting essentially of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and has a higher thermal conductivity than a layer of styrene-acrylate alone.
Beavis, Leonard C. (Albuquerque, NM); Panitz, Janda K. G. (Edgewood, NM); Sharp, Donald J. (Albuquerque, NM)
A photovoltaic assembly for converting high intensity solar radiation into electrical energy in which a solar cell is separated from a heat sink by a thin layer of a composite material which has excellent dielectric properties and good thermal conductivity. This composite material is a thin film of porous Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} in which the pores have been substantially filled with an electrophoretically-deposited layer of a styrene-acrylate resin. This composite provides electrical breakdown strengths greater than that of a layer consisting essentially of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and has a higher thermal conductivity than a layer of styrene-acrylate alone. 2 figs.
Beavis, L.C.; Panitz, J.K.G.; Sharp, D.J.
Photovoltaic module mounting system
A solar array mounting system having unique installation, load distribution, and grounding features, and which is adaptable for mounting solar panels having no external frame. The solar array mounting system includes flexible, pedestal-style feet and structural links connected in a grid formation on the mounting surface. The photovoltaic modules are secured in place via the use of attachment clamps that grip the edge of the typically glass substrate. The panel mounting clamps are then held in place by tilt brackets and/or mid-link brackets that provide fixation for the clamps and align the solar panels at a tilt to the horizontal mounting surface. The tilt brackets are held in place atop the flexible feet and connected link members thus creating a complete mounting structure.
Miros, Robert H. J. (Fairfax, CA); Mittan, Margaret Birmingham (Oakland, CA); Seery, Martin N. (San Rafael, CA); Holland, Rodney H. (Novato, CA)
Miros, Robert H. J.; Mittan, Margaret Birmingham; Seery, Martin N; Holland, Rodney H
Photovoltaic solar concentrator
A photovoltaic solar concentrator is disclosed with one or more transverse-junction solar cells (also termed point contact solar cells) and a lens located above each solar cell to concentrate sunlight onto the solar cell to generate electricity. Piezoelectric actuators tilt or translate each lens to track the sun using a feedback-control circuit which senses the electricity generated by one or more of the solar cells. The piezoelectric actuators can be coupled through a displacement-multiplier linkage to provide an increased range of movement of each lens. Each lens in the solar concentrator can be supported on a frame (also termed a tilt plate) having three legs, with the movement of the legs being controlled by the piezoelectric actuators.
Nielson, Gregory N.; Okandan, Murat; Resnick, Paul J.; Cruz-Campa, Jose Luis
Truckee Donner PUD - Photovoltaic Buy Down Program | Department of Energy
PUD - Photovoltaic Buy Down Program PUD - Photovoltaic Buy Down Program Truckee Donner PUD - Photovoltaic Buy Down Program < Back Eligibility Commercial Industrial Residential Savings Category Solar Buying & Making Electricity Maximum Rebate 2012: Residential: $8,850 Commercial: $14,750 Program Info Expiration Date 12/31/2016 State California Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount 2013 level: $2.95/W AC, adjusted based on expected performance Provider Truckee Donner Public Utility District As required by Senate Bill 1 of 2006, Truckee Donner PUD incentive levels will step down annually during the 10 year program. For program year 2013 the incentive level is $2.95 per watt AC, adjusted based on expected-performance. 2013 incentives are capped $8,850 for residential systems and $14,750 for commercial. Systems up to 1 MW may be installed,
New York City - Property Tax Abatement for Photovoltaic (PV) Equipment
Property Tax Abatement for Photovoltaic (PV) Property Tax Abatement for Photovoltaic (PV) Equipment Expenditures New York City - Property Tax Abatement for Photovoltaic (PV) Equipment Expenditures < Back Eligibility Commercial Industrial Institutional Multi-Family Residential Nonprofit Residential Schools Savings Category Solar Buying & Making Electricity Maximum Rebate $62,500 annually or the amount of real property taxes owed during a year Program Info Start Date 08/05/2008 State New York Program Type Property Tax Incentive Rebate Amount Installed from August 5, 2008 to December 31, 2010: 8.75% of system expenditures per year for 4 years (total of 35%); Installed from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2012: 5% of system expenditures per year for 4 years (total of 20%); Installed from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014: 2.5% of system
Visualisation of photovoltaic clad buildings
Architectural composition in the electronic design studio: conceptual design using CAD visualisation and virtual reality modelling - Dobson, A. Comput. Aided Archit. Design Unit, Luton Univ., UKThe paper describes a study carried out to investigate the ... Keywords: PV integrated buildings, aesthetic implications, architectural CAD, building material, computer aided design software, computer visualisationIEEE Conference on Information Visualisation (IV '97), facade architecture, photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic clad buildings, refurbished buildings, visualisation
M. Horne; R. Hill; C. Underwood
Solid State Photovoltaic Research Branch
This report summarizes the progress of the Solid State Photovoltaic Research Branch of the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) from October 1, 1988, through September 30,l 1989. Six technical sections of the report cover these main areas of SERIs in-house research: Semiconductor Crystal Growth, Amorphous Silicon Research, Polycrystalline Thin Films, III-V High-Efficiency Photovoltaic Cells, Solid-State Theory, and Laser Raman and Luminescence Spectroscopy. Sections have been indexed separately for inclusion on the data base.
Mandatory Photovoltaic System Cost Analysis | Department of Energy
Mandatory Photovoltaic System Cost Analysis Mandatory Photovoltaic System Cost Analysis Eligibility Utility Savings For Solar Buying & Making Electricity Program Information...
SMUD forges a new path in photovoltaics generation
The Sacramento Municipal Utility District's dedication of a 1 MW photovoltaic power plant that will ultimately deliver alternating current to utility custtomers promises to place the fledgling technology in the realm of future, economic generating options. The foundation of a five-phase 100 MW photovoltaic project aimed at bringing the technology's cost down to competitive levels, the plant is also providing a technological base for the development of utility-designed equipment that may be of broader use in the industry. Despite government involvement, the utility feels its participation was essential. The use of solar power for summer peaking can eliminate incremental fuel costs as the peak climbs. The conversion device is the M52-S photovoltaic flat plate module developed by ARCO. The current 50 cent cost per kilowatt-hour will decline as the program progresses to phase 5. 1 figure, 1 table.
Utroska, D.
Insuring Solar Photovoltaics: Challenges and Possible Solutions; (Revised)
Insuring solar photovoltaic (PV) systems poses certain challenges. Insurance premiums, which can represent a significant part of overall costs for PV developers, can affect market competition. The market for certain types of insurance products is limited. Historical loss data is lacking, and test data for the long-term viability of PV products under real-life conditions is limited. Insurers' knowledge about PV systems and the PV industry is uneven even as the industry introduces innovative contractual structures and business models. Interviews conducted for this report with PV project developers, insurance brokers, and underwriters suggest government actions aimed at better testing, data collection, and communication could facilitate the development of a market for PV insurance products. This report identifies actions by governments, national laboratories, and other stakeholders that could accelerate the development of insurance products in support PV systems. Such actions include: increasing understanding of the solar PV industry among insurance professionals; expanding the availability of PV historical loss data; evaluating the expansion of renewable energy business classification; developing module and component testing capabilities and services offered by federal labs; and, advancing industry standards for PV system installers.
Speer, B.; Mendelsohn, M.; Cory, K.
SOLERAS - Photovoltaic Power Systems Project. Photovoltaic power seminar, February 20-23, 1983. Final report
A 350 kW concentrator photovoltaic system has been developed in Saudi Arabia. This system is described, both as an overall facility and for the major components related to solar energy collection, conversion, storage, and delivery. Components include the array subsystem, power conditioning, and energy storage. The theory of operation is discussed for the system, as well as system control and data acquisition and solar data collection. The plan for compiling data to evaluate the system's performance is given. (LEW)
New Tomorrow Photovoltaic Co Ltd | Open Energy Information
Tomorrow Photovoltaic Co Ltd Tomorrow Photovoltaic Co Ltd Jump to: navigation, search Name New Tomorrow Photovoltaic Co Ltd Place Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China Zip 518112 Sector Solar Product Produces solar flashlights, solar garden lights, solar cooling caps, solar road warning lights, solar home lighting systems, DC energy-saving lamps and a serials of other photovoltaic products. Coordinates 22.546789°, 114.112556° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":22.546789,"lon":114.112556,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Photovoltaic industry progress through 1984
The growth of the US photovoltaics (PV) industry over the past decade has been impressive. First designed to provide power for satellites using high-cost production techniques, PV is now the economical choice in many remote terrestrial applications. The remarkable growth of PV in terms of quality of cells and modules, production techniques, and system design, was initiated by a cooperative effort of the US Government and the domestic PV manufacturers. European and Japanese firms entered the PV industry later, but are also growing rapidy. The Europeans continue to supply PV systems for village electrification and water pumping to many Third World countries. The Japanese have been developing the amorphous silicon (A-Si) technology by expanding its use in consumer goods. The world PV industry saw dramatic changes in industry ownership and in the emphasis on developing new and improved technology during 1984. The objective of this report is to present information on the developments of the world PV industry and focuses on developments occurring in 1984. Information is presented on a regional basis (US, Europe, Japan, other) to avoid disclosing company-confidential data. All information was gleaned from several sources, including a review of the technical literature and direct contacts with PV manufacturers. Prior to publishing the regional totals, all numbers were compared with those of other sources. The information contained in this report is prepared for use by the Department of Energy for their use in long-term R and D planning. However, this information should also be of interest by PV manufacturers and to those who may be contemplating entering the PV market. PV shipments for 1984, government supports for PV, and various PV market sectors are discussed.
Watts, R.L.; Smith, S.A.; Dirks, J.A.
Biomonitoring for the photovoltaics industry
Biomonitoring often is used as a method for estimating the dose to an individual. Therefore, a parameter of measurement, or biomarkers must be identified. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of biomonitoring protocols for metals used in the photovoltaics industry. Special attention is given to areas that often are skimmed over, to gain insights into some of the problems that may arise when these tasks are carried out. Biological monitoring can be used to determine current human exposures to chemicals, as well as to detect past exposures, and the effects that these exposures may have on human health. It is used in conjunction with environmental monitoring to describe more completely worker`s exposures to, and absorption of, chemicals in the workplace. Biological specimens (e.g., blood, hair or urine) are analyzed for chemical agents, metabolites, or for some specific effect on the person (Lowry 1994). Biomonitoring can assess a workers exposure to industrial chemicals by all routes including skin absorption and ingestion. Although the methodology still is in its infancy, in cases where the procedures have been developed, it can be an invaluable component of an ongoing program of industrial hygiene monitoring. Like any technology, there are limitations to its effectiveness because of a lack of knowledge, contamination of specimens, and the introduction of errors.
Bernholc, N.M.; Moskowitz, P.D.
The Effects of Non-Uniform Electronic Properties on Thin Film Photovoltaics
World �Conf. �Photovoltaic � Energy �Conversion �(2003), �Conference �on �Photovoltaic �Energy �Conversion, �May �17 th �European �Photovoltaic �Solar �Energy �Conference, �
Brown, Gregory Ferguson
Mounting support for a photovoltaic module
A mounting support for a photovoltaic module is described. The mounting support includes a foundation having an integrated wire-way ledge portion. A photovoltaic module support mechanism is coupled with the foundation.
Brandt, Gregory Michael; Barsun, Stephan K.; Coleman, Nathaniel T.; Zhou, Yin
Photovoltaic Cell Basics | Department of Energy
Cell Basics Photovoltaic Cell Basics August 16, 2013 - 4:53pm Addthis Photovoltaic (PV) cells, or solar cells, take advantage of the photoelectric effect to produce electricity. PV...
Amorphous Silicon-Carbon Nanostructure Photovoltaic Devices
way to do better. A photovoltaic cell, or solar cell, is aFor this thesis, I made photovoltaic cells using a Schottkyphotovoltaic processes oc- cur in a Schottky barrier solar cell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Schriver, Maria Christine
Thin film photovoltaic panel and method
A thin film photovoltaic panel includes a backcap for protecting the active components of the photovoltaic cells from adverse environmental elements. A spacing between the backcap and a top electrode layer is preferably filled with a desiccant to further reduce water vapor contamination of the environment surrounding the photovoltaic cells. The contamination of the spacing between the backcap and the cells may be further reduced by passing a selected gas through the spacing subsequent to sealing the backcap to the base of the photovoltaic panels, and once purged this spacing may be filled with an inert gas. The techniques of the present invention are preferably applied to thin film photovoltaic panels each formed from a plurality of photovoltaic cells arranged on a vitreous substrate. The stability of photovoltaic conversion efficiency remains relatively high during the life of the photovoltaic panel, and the cost of manufacturing highly efficient panels with such improved stability is significantly reduced.
Ackerman, Bruce (El Paso, TX); Albright, Scot P. (El Paso, TX); Jordan, John F. (El Paso, TX)
Photovoltaic Reliability and Engineering (Revised) (Fact Sheet)
Capabilities fact sheet for the National Center for Photovoltaics: Photovoltaic Reliability and Engineering. One-sided sheet that includes Scope, Core Competencies and Capabilities, and Contact/Web information.
High-efficiency cell structures and processes applied to photovoltaic-grade Czochralski silicon
The authors performed a detailed study to examine the limiting performance available using photovoltaic-grade Cz silicon. Photovoltaic-grade silicon refers to silicon produced by the photovoltaic industry, which may differ from the silicon used in the semiconductor device industry in impurity and defect concentrations.The study included optimization of fabrication processes, development of advanced device structures, and detailed model calculations to project future performance improvements. Process and device optimization resulted in demonstration of 75-{micro}s bulk lifetimes and 17.6%-efficient large-area cells using photovoltaic-grade Cz silicon. Detailed calculations based on the material and device evaluation of the present work project efficiencies of 20% for photovoltaic-grade Cz silicon with properly optimized processing and device structures.
Gee, J.M. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States). Photovoltaic System Components Dept.; King, R.R.; Mitchell, K.W. [Siemens Solar Industries, Camarillo, CA (United States)
Design of a photovoltaic central power station
Photovoltaic central power station designs have been developed for both high-efficiency flat-panel arrays and two-axis tracking concentrator arrays. Both designs are based on a site adjacent to the Saguaro Power Station of Arizona Public Service. The plants are 100 MW each, made of 5 MW subfields. The site specific designs allow detailed cost estimate for site preparation, installation, and engineering. These designs are summarized and cost estimates analyzed. Provided also are recommendations for future work to reduce system cost for each plant design.
Solar Photovoltaics: Status, Costs, and Trends
This White Paper addresses the history, status, and trends of flat-plate solar photovoltaic power technologies in both crystalline silicon and thin-film forms. Perspectives are provided on the cost and performance, as well as, the materials used for producing PV modules. The major milestones and trends in PV power system development are described, looking back to the 1970's, and forward to the next 30 years. Current incentives and policies are also discussed with focus on utility engagement in PV power. ...
Status of photovoltaic concentrator modules and systems
Several leading line- and point-focus photovoltaic concentrator system development programs are reviewed, including those by ENTECH, SEA Corporation, AMONIX, and Alpha Solarco. Concentrating collectors and trackers are gaining maturity and reaching product status as designs are made more manufacturable and reliable. Utilities are starting to take notice of this emerging technology, and several privately-funded utility installations are underway. Several advantages are offered by concentrators, including low system and capital cost and rapid production ramp-up. These are discussed along with issues generally raised concerning concentrator technology.
Maish, A.B.
Defining Requirements for Improved Photovoltaic System Reliability
Reliable systems are an essential ingredient of any technology progressing toward commercial maturity and large-scale deployment. This paper defines reliability as meeting system fictional requirements, and then develops a framework to understand and quantify photovoltaic system reliability based on initial and ongoing costs and system value. The core elements necessary to achieve reliable PV systems are reviewed. These include appropriate system design, satisfactory component reliability, and proper installation and servicing. Reliability status, key issues, and present needs in system reliability are summarized for four application sectors.
Multijunction Photovoltaic Technologies for High-Performance Concentrators: Preprint
Multijunction solar cells provide high-performance technology pathways leading to potentially low-cost electricity generated from concentrated sunlight. The National Center for Photovoltaics at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has funded different III-V multijunction solar cell technologies and various solar concentration approaches. Within this group of projects, III-V solar cell efficiencies of 41% are close at hand and will likely be reported in these conference proceedings. Companies with well-developed solar concentrator structures foresee installed system costs of $3/watt--half of today's costs--within the next 2 to 5 years as these high-efficiency photovoltaic technologies are incorporated into their concentrator photovoltaic systems. These technology improvements are timely as new large-scale multi-megawatt markets, appropriate for high performance PV concentrators, open around the world.
McConnell, R.; Symko-Davies, M.
Performance model assessment for multi-junction concentrating photovoltaic systems.
Four approaches to modeling multi-junction concentrating photovoltaic system performance are assessed by comparing modeled performance to measured performance. Measured weather, irradiance, and system performance data were collected on two systems over a one month period. Residual analysis is used to assess the models and to identify opportunities for model improvement. Large photovoltaic systems are typically developed as projects which supply electricity to a utility and are owned by independent power producers. Obtaining financing at favorable rates and attracting investors requires confidence in the projected energy yield from the plant. In this paper, various performance models for projecting annual energy yield from Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) systems are assessed by comparing measured system output to model predictions based on measured weather and irradiance data. The results are statistically analyzed to identify systematic error sources.
Stein, Joshua S.; Riley, Daniel M.; McConnell, Robert. (Amonix, Inc., Seal Beach, CA); Sahm, Aaron (University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV); Crawford, Clark (Amonix, Inc., Seal Beach, CA); King, David L.; Cameron, Christopher P.; Foresi, James S. (Emcore, Inc., Albuquerque, NM)
NREL: Learning - Center for Photovoltaics Video (Text Version)
Center for Photovoltaics Video (Text Version) Center for Photovoltaics Video (Text Version) This is the text version for the Center for Photovoltaics video. The video opens with the NREL logo, surrounded by "Department of Energy's NREL: National Renewable Energy Laboratory." A scene of a city skyline at sunset. The sky is a brilliant red, and the buildings are silhouetted in shadow. The scene shifts to an image of a shadowed field, lit by a bright red sunset. The image changes to the NREL Solar Energy Research Facility (SERF), a building with a long, diagonally sloping front with large windows and solar panels on the roof. (Voiceover) It is our constant source of light and heat and it's essential to a sustainable energy future. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado is a global leader in developing cost-effective, solar
Photovoltaics: From the laboratory to the marketplace
Photovoltaics (PV), the direct conversion of sunlight to electricity, is experiencing significant improvements in technology performance and lowered costs. Fostering these improvements, the SERI Photovoltaic Advanced Research and Development (PV AR D) Project supports research and provides services to the US PV industry. This paper presents the recent advances and future direction of the PV project. Research areas are Fundamental and Supporting Research, Advanced Thin-Film Materials, High-Efficiency Materials, Module Development, and Systems Development. Materials of interest include amorphous silicon, copper indium diselenide, cadmium telluride, crystalline silicon, gallium arsenide and related alloys, transparent conductors, antireflection coatings, substrates, and encapsulants. The PV project inherently provides technology transfer that helps industry shorten the time to bring R D advances to the marketplace. SERI annually performs over 10,000 measurements for the entire PV community, participates in collaborative research, and welcomes visiting scientists. Two specific areas of recently increased national focus are: (1) manufacturing processes for cost-effective PV modules, and (2) systems development for high-value utility applications. The SERI research approach is based on facilitating direct contact between industry, electric utilities, and others interested in PV technology. This approach heavily relies on SERI/industry partnerships. The arrangements vary to address generic and company-specific problems to improve the US industry's competitive position and accelerate greater electric utility deployment of PV systems. 5 refs., 5 figs., 6 tabs.
Basso, T.S.; Surek, T.; Thornton, J.
Photovoltaic energy: Program overview, fiscal year 1990
This summary is prepared each year to provide an overview of the government-funded activities within the National Photovoltaics Program. The 1990 PV Program Achievements are listed. Launched the PV Manufacturing Technology initiative, designed to systematically lower PV module costs. Inaugurated the PV Concentrator Technologies Initiative by signing eight multiyear, cost-shared technology development subcontracts with concentrator companies. Established the PV Polycrystalline Thin-Film Initiative by signing six multiyear, cost-shared technology development subcontracts with six polycrystalline thin-film companies. Continued the Amorphous Silicon Project by awarding three new research and development contracts. Focused the resources of three program laboratories on finding solutions to industry's manufacturing problems: the Photovoltaic Device Fabrication Laboratory at Sandia National Laboratories and the Module Failure Analysis Laboratory and the Encapsulant Research Laboratory at SERI. Established an ongoing program to assist utilities in using PV for cost-effective, high-value applications. Completed nearly all of the construction planned for the first phase of PVUSA at Davis, California. Worked with the crystalline silicon PV industry on novel, low-cost cell fabrication processes and on resolving encapsulant problems. Took part in the development of qualification procedures tests for thin- and thick-film flat-plate modules and concentrator modules.
Solar photovoltaic systems for residences in the Northeast
Under sponsorship of the US Department of Energy, MIT Lincoln Laboratory is conducting a program to develop residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. The first phase of this activity involves the design, construction and testing of four prototype systems at the Northeast Residential Experiment Station. The systems employ roof-mounted photovoltaic arrays of 500 to 800 square feet which provide solar-generated electricity sufficient to cut in half the electrical demand of an energy-efficient, passive-solar residence. Construction of these systems will be complete by December 1980, and will be followed by a one-year test period.
Russell, M.C.
Design of photovoltaic central power station concentrator array
A design for a photovoltaic central power station using tracking concentrators has been developed. The 100 MW plant is assumed to be located adjacent to the Saguaro Power Station of Arizona Public Service. The design assumes an advanced Martin Marietta two-axis tracking fresnel lens concentrator. The concentrators are arrayed in 5 MW subfields, each with its own power conditioning unit. The photovoltaic plant output is connected to the existing 115 kV switchyard. The site specific design allows detailed cost estimates for engineering, site preparation, and installation. Collector and power conditioning costs have been treated parametrically.
Simulation and simplified design studies of photovoltaic systems
Results of TRNSYS simulations of photovoltaic systems with electrical storage are described. Studies of the sensitivity of system performance, in terms of the fraction of the electrical load supplied by the solar energy system, to variables such as array size, battery size, location, time of year, and load shape are reported. An accurate simplified method for predicting array output of max-power photovoltaic systems is presented. A second simplified method, which estimates the overall performance of max-power systems, is developed. Finally, a preliminary technique for predicting clamped-voltage system performance is discussed.
Evans, D.L.; Facinelli, W.A.; Koehler, L.P.
Photovoltaic mission analysis. Program summary report, 15 August 1978-28 February 1979
The overall objective of the project since its inception has been to support the planning, development, and guidance of the DOE National Photovoltaic Program on a continuing basis by: (1) identifying and evaluating those photovoltaic applications (including total energy applications) that are most likely to lead to significant contributions to the national energy supply, (2) identifying and evaluating attractive opportunities for demonstration programs and other strategies (e.g. tax incentives) that will stimulate the growth of the near-term (1986-2000) photovoltaic markets, and (3) providing technical support to the DOE Photovoltaic Program Office. The work reported is a direct extension and outgrowth of earlier studies. It includes analytical studies in two areas and a continuation of the program support activities that have been a part of the project since its inception. A summary account is given of the first of these studies, a preliminary examination of the technical and cost impact on utility distribution systems of the introduction of grid-connected residential photovoltaic systems that feed back excess photovoltaic electricity into the utility grid. The second study, is a technical and economic evaluation of a novel photovoltaic power plant concept, a hybrid high-concentration system in which thermal energy removed in cooling the photovoltaic cells is used to generate additional electricity in a bottoming-cycle turbine. (WHK)
Leonard, S.L.; Kammer, W.A.; Kelley, W.A.
NREL: Photovoltaics Research - Thin Film Photovoltaic Partnership Project
Thin Film Photovoltaic Partnership Project Thin Film Photovoltaic Partnership Project NREL's Thin Film Photovoltaic (PV) Partnership Project led R&D on emerging thin-film solar technologies in the United States from 1994 to 2009. The project made many advances in thin-film PV technologies that allowed the United States to attain world leadership in this area of solar technology. Three national R&D teams focused on thin-film semiconductor materials: amorphous silicon (a-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) and its alloys. The Module Reliability Team and Environmental Health and Safety Team were crosscutting. The teams comprised researchers from the solar industry, academia, and NREL who focused their efforts on improving materials, devices, and manufacturing processes-all
enhancement of organic photovoltaic cell open circuit voltage using electron/hole blocking exciton blocking layers united states patent application
Solar Photovoltaic Technologies Available for Licensing ...
Site Map; Printable Version; Share this resource. Send a link to Solar Photovoltaic Technologies Available for Licensing - Energy Innovation Portalto ...
Hybrids for Photovoltaics - Programmaster.org
Hybrid Organic: Inorganic Materials for Alternative Energy: Hybrids for Photovoltaics Program Organizers: Andrei Jitianu, Lehman College, City University of�...
NREL: Photovoltaics Research - Emerging Technologies Engineering...
and the potential benefit of increasing system efficiency. Printable Version Photovoltaics Research Home Silicon Polycrystalline Thin Films Multijunctions New Materials,...
Energy Basics: Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Systems
Energy Basics: Photovoltaic Cell Quantum Efficiency
Energy Basics: Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells
Energy Basics: Photovoltaic Cell Conversion Efficiency
Energy Basics: Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Modules
Photovoltaics for municipal planners
This booklet is intended for city and county government personnel, as well as community organizations, who deal with supplying, regulating, or recommending electric power resources. Specifically, this document deals with photovoltaic (PV) power, or power from solar cells, which is currently the most cost-effective energy source for electricity requirements that are relatively small, located in isolated areas, or difficult to serve with conventional technology. Recently, PV has been documented to be more cost-effective than conventional alternatives (such as line extensions or engine generators) in dozens of applications within the service territories of electric, gas, and communications utilities. Here, we document numerous cost-effective urban applications, chosen by planners and utilities because they were the most cost-effective option or because they were appropriate for environmental or logistical reasons. These applications occur within various municipal departments, including utility, parks and recreation, traffic engineering, transportation, and planning, and they include lighting applications, communications equipment, corrosion protection, irrigation control equipment, remote monitoring, and even portable power supplies for emergency situations.
Photovoltaic solar concentrator module
This invention consists of a planar photovoltaic concentrator module for producing an electrical signal from incident solar radiation which includes an electrically insulating housing having a front wall, an opposing back wall and a hollow interior. A solar cell having electrical terminals is positioned within the interior of the housing. A planar conductor is connected with a terminal of the solar cell of the same polarity. A lens forming the front wall of the housing is operable to direct solar radiation incident to the lens into the interior of the housing. A refractive optical element in contact with the solar cell and facing the lens receives the solar radiation directed into the interior of the housing by the lens and directs the solar radiation to the solar cell to cause the solar cell to generate an electrical signal. An electrically conductive planar member is positioned in the housing to rest on the housing back wall in supporting relation with the solar cell terminal of opposite polarity. The planar member is operable to dissipate heat radiated by the solar cell as the solar cell generates an electrical signal and further forms a solar cell conductor connected with the solar cell terminal to permit the electrical signal generated by the solar cell to be measured between the planar member and the conductor.
Chiang, C.J.
Photovoltaic Incentive Design Handbook
Investments in customer-owned grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) energy systems are growing at a steady pace. This is due, in part, to the availability of attractive economic incentives offered by public state agencies and utilities. In the United States, these incentives have largely been upfront lump payments tied to the system capacity rating. While capacity-based ''buydowns'' have stimulated the domestic PV market, they have been criticized for subsidizing systems with potentially poor energy performance. As a result, the industry has been forced to consider alternative incentive structures, particularly ones that pay based on long-term measured performance. The industry, however, lacks consensus in the debate over the tradeoffs between upfront incentive payments versus longer-term payments for energy delivery. This handbook is designed for agencies and utilities that offer or intend to offer incentive programs for customer-owned PV systems. Its purpose is to help select, design, and implement incentive programs that best meet programmatic goals. The handbook begins with a discussion of the various available incentive structures and then provides qualitative and quantitative tools necessary to design the most appropriate incentive structure. It concludes with program administration considerations.
Hoff, T. E.
PV Testing Group Photovoltaic Cell Data Compilation
PV Testing Group Photovoltaic Cell Data Compilation National Renewable Energy Laboratory 4/2/2010 ______________________________________ Page 1 *NREL Photovoltaic Cell Data Compilation Calibration Conducted For: Kaitlyn VanSant (for Solasta Contact: Paul Ciszek (303) 384-6647 email@example.com #12;PV Testing Group Photovoltaic Cell Data
Burns, Michael J.
output from a photovoltaic cell installed at Northeastern University., Boston, MA, USA. The graph shows to human crews and current hardware alternatives. A photovoltaic cell is an electronic device that converts1 ROBOTIC DEVICE FOR CLEANING PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL ARRAYS MARK ANDERSON, ASHTON GRANDY, JEREMY HASTIE
Mavroidis, Constantinos
International photovoltaic products and manufacturers directory, 1995
This international directory of more than 500 photovoltaic-related manufacturers is intended to guide potential users of photovoltaics to sources for systems and their components. Two indexes help the user to locate firms and materials. A glossary describes equipment and terminology commonly used in the photovoltaic industry.
Shepperd, L.W. [ed.] [Florida Solar Energy Center, Cocoa, FL (United States)] [ed.; Florida Solar Energy Center, Cocoa, FL (United States)
Feasibility Study for Photovoltaics, Wind, solar Hot Water and Hybrid Systems
Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute (SIPI) located in Albuquerque New Mexico is a community college that serves American Indians and Alaska Natives. SIPI�s student body represents over 100 Native American Tribes. SIPI completed a renewable energy feasibility study program and established renewable energy hardware on the SIPI campus, which supplements and creates an educational resource to teach renewable energy courses. The SIPI campus is located, and has as student origins, areas, in which power is an issue in remote reservations. The following hardware was installed and integrated into the campus facilities: small wind turbine, large photovoltaic array that is grid-connected, two photovoltaic arrays, one thin film type, and one polycrystalline type, one dual-axis active tracker and one passive tracker, a hot air system for heating a small building, a portable hybrid photovoltaic system for remote power, and a hot water system to preheat water used in the SIPI Child Care facility. Educational curriculum has been developed for two renewable energy courses one being the study of energy production and use, and especially the roles renewable energy forms like solar, wind, geothermal, hydro, and biomass plays, and the second course being a more advanced in-depth study of renewable energy system design, maintenance, installation, and applications. Both courses rely heavily on experiential learning techniques so that installed renewable energy hardware is continuously utilized in hand-on laboratory activities and are part of the Electronics program of studies. Renewable energy technologies and science has also been included in other SIPI programs of study such as Environmental Science, Natural Resources, Agriculture, Engineering, Network Management, and Geospatial Technology.
Hooks, Ronald; Montoya, Valerie
Photovoltaics in the Czech Republic: example of a distorted market
Analysing the development of "sustainable energy" incentives in the Czech Republic over the last five years and drawing on experience from other countries, the study discovers that the "environmental friendliness" of the so-called "renewable sources", ... Keywords: electricity, energy industry, energy security, environment, investment bubble, photovoltaics, political decisions, renewable sources, wind turbines
Lubo� Smr?ka
Currents in modern photovoltaic hetero-structures: a review
Recent developments in the field of quantum photovoltaic devices, in both theoretical and experimental level have shown strengths and weaknesses of such devices, as far as improvements of transport properties and collection efficiencies are concerned. ... Keywords: low dimensional solar cells, quantum wells, thermionic escape, tunneling
Argyrios C. Varonides
Photovoltaic Crystalline Silicon Cell Basics | Department of Energy
Crystalline Silicon Cell Basics Crystalline Silicon Cell Basics Photovoltaic Crystalline Silicon Cell Basics August 20, 2013 - 2:00pm Addthis To separate electrical charges, crystalline silicon cells must have a built-in electric field. Light shining on crystalline silicon may free electrons within the crystal lattice, but for these electrons to do useful work-such as provide electricity to a light bulb-they must be separated and directed into an electrical circuit. PV Semiconductors To create an electric field within a crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) cell, two silicon semiconductor layers are sandwiched together. P-type (or positive) semiconductors have an abundance of positively charged holes, and n-type (or negative) semiconductors have an abundance of negatively charged electrons. When n- and p-type silicon layers contact, excess electrons move
Solar Photovoltaics for Sustainable Agriculture and
Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have shown their potential in rural electrification projects around the world, especially concerning Solar Home Systems. With continuing price decreases of PV systems, other applications are becoming economically attractive and growing experience is gained with the use of PV in such areas as social and communal services, agriculture and other productive activities, which can have a significant impact on rural development. There is still a lack of information, however, on the potential and limitations of such PV applications. The main aim of this study is, therefore, to contribute to a better understanding of the potential impact and of the limitations of PV systems on sustainable agriculture and rural development (SARD), especially concerning income-generating activities. It is, in fact, of paramount importance to identify the potential contribution of PV to rural development in order to gain further financial and political commitment for PV projects and programmes and to design appropriate PV projects. One of the main lessons learnt through this study is that success of PV programmes is significantly enhanced when an integrated strategy is followed. Solar photovoltaic systems, through their flexibility in use, offer unique chances for the energy sector to provide �packages � of energy services to remote rural areas such as for rural health care, education, communication, agriculture, lighting and water supply. It is hoped that this document contributes to the generation of ideas and discussions among the different institutions involved in providing these services to rural areas and thereby to an "informed " decision on the PV technology option.
B. Van Campen; D. Guidi; G. Best
NREL: Learning - Photovoltaics for Homes
Homes Homes Photo of solar panels on the roof of a traditional looking home in Colorado. Photovoltaic solar panels installed on the roof of a home in Boulder, Colorado. The following resources will help you install a photovoltaic (PV) system on your home. If you are unfamiliar with PV systems, see the introduction to PV. Resources American Solar Energy Society Provides consumers with information about solar energy and resources. Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency Provides information on state, local, utility, and selected federal incentives that promote renewable energy. Florida Solar Energy Center Provides basic information on photovoltaics for consumers. Own Your Power! A Consumer Guide to Solar Electricity The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) answers consumer questions about PV and
2011 The NEED Project P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org 43 How a Photovoltaic CellWorks
a Photovoltaic CellWorks Step 1 A slab (or wafer) of pure silicon is used to make a PV cell. The top of the slab electricfield PHOTONS n-type p-type p-n junction POSITIVE CHARGE NEGATIVE CHARGE SUNSTEP 3 PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS that motivates the energetic electrons out of the cell created when light strikes the PV cell. The phosphorous
Photovoltaic cell and production thereof
An efficient photovoltaic cell, and its process of manufacture, is disclosed wherein the back surface p-n junction is removed from a doped substrate having an oppositely doped emitter layer. A front surface and edges and optionally the back surface periphery are masked and a back surface etch is performed. The mask is not removed and acts as an anti-reflective coating, a passivating agent, or both. The photovoltaic cell retains an untextured back surface whether or not the front is textured and the dopant layer on the back surface is removed to enhance the cell efficiency. Optionally, a back surface field is formed.
Narayanan, Srinivasamohan (Gaithersburg, MD); Kumar, Bikash (Bangalore, IN)
Basic photovoltaic principles and methods
This book presents a nonmathematical explanation of the theory and design of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells and systems. The basic elements of PV are introduced: the photovoltaic effect, physical aspects of solar cell efficiency, the typical single-crystal silicon solar cell, advances in single-crystal silicon solar cells. This is followed by the designs of systems constructed from individual cells, including possible constructions for putting cells together and the equipment needed for a practical producer of electrical energy. The future of PV is then discussed. (LEW)
Hersch, P.; Zweibel, K.
Recycling Of Cis Photovoltaic Waste
A method for extracting and reclaiming metals from scrap CIS photovoltaic cells and associated photovoltaic manufacturing waste by leaching the waste with dilute nitric acid, skimming any plastic material from the top of the leaching solution, separating glass substrate from the leachate, electrolyzing the leachate to plate a copper and selenium metal mixture onto a first cathode, replacing the cathode with a second cathode, re-electrolyzing the leachate to plate cadmium onto the second cathode, separating the copper from selenium, and evaporating the depleted leachate to yield a zinc and indium containing solid.
Drinkard, Jr., William F. (Charlotte, NC); Long, Mark O. (Charlotte, NC); Goozner; Robert E. (Charlotte, NC)
Photovoltaic solar panel resistance to simulated hail. Low-Cost Solar Array Project
As part of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Low-Cost Solar Array Project, test methods have been evaluated and procedures developed for testing photovoltaic flat-plate solar cell modules for resistance to impact by hailstones. Testing has included the use of simulated hailstones (frozen ice spheres projected at terminal velocity), steel balls, and other projectile types applied with three loading methods: pneumatic gun, gravity drop, and static loading. Results are presented that compare the advantages and disadvantages of the three test methods. Dropped-steel-ball tests are shown to exhibit little correlation with high-velocity ice-ball tests, whereas statically-loaded steel balls show a somewhat better correlation with ice-ball tests. Results are also presented on the hail impact strength of 16 flat-plate photovoltaic modules. The module designs tested have been shown to be capable of withstanding as large as 1-1/2-inch diameter and not capable of withstanding as small as 1/2-inch diameter simulated hail. The top surface material of the modules has a dominant influence on the hail impact resistance of the modules. In order of increasing impact strength for a given thickness, the top surface materials encountered in the modules tester were: clear silicone rubber, annealed glass, tempered glass, and acrylic sheet. The critical failure mechanism of each module type is explored and means for improving the hail resistance of future modules are described.
Moore, D.; Wilson, A.
System tests and applications photovoltaic program
A summary of all the photovoltaic system tests and application experiments that have been initiated since the start of the US DOE Photovoltaics Program in 1975 is presented. They are organized in the following manner for ease of reference: (1) application experiments: these are independently designed and constructed projects which are funded by DOE; (2) system field tests: projects designed and monitored by the national laboratories involved in the photovoltaic program; (3) exhibits: designed to acquaint the general public to photovoltaics; (4) component field tests: real time endurance testing conducted to monitor module reliability under actual environmental conditions; and (5) test facilities: descriptions of the four national laboratories involved in the photovoltaic program.
Photovoltaic Geographical Information System | Open Energy Information
Photovoltaic Geographical Information System Photovoltaic Geographical Information System Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Photovoltaic Geographical Information System Focus Area: Renewable Energy Topics: Opportunity Assessment & Screening Website: re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvgis/ Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/photovoltaic-geographical-information Language: English Policies: Deployment Programs DeploymentPrograms: Demonstration & Implementation This tool provides a geographical inventory of solar energy resources and an assessment of the electricity generation from photovoltaic systems in Europe, Africa, and southwest Asia. The tools allows for analysis of the technical, environmental, and socio-economic factors of solar electricity generation. Users may access maps and posters generated using the tool, as
A single-phase photovoltaic inverter topology with a series-connected power buffer
Module integrated converters (MICs) have been under rapid development for single-phase grid-tied photovoltaic applications. The capacitive energy storage implementation for the double-line-frequency power variation represents ...
Pierquet, Brandon J.
The diffusion of photovoltaics : background, modeling and initial reaction of the agricultural - irrigation sector
This paper deals with the background, development and calibration of a model of innovation-diffusion, designed to help allocate government field test and demonstration resources in support of a photovoltaic technology ...
Lilien, Gary Louis
Step-Stress Accelerated Degradation Testing (SSADT) for Photovoltaic (PV) Devices and Cells (Presentation)
Presentation on step-stress accelerated degradation testing (SSADT) for photovoltaics (PV). Developed are a step-stress degradation test (SSADT) for PV reliability tests and a lifetime prediction model for PV products.
Lee, J.; Elmore, R.; Suh, C.; Jones, W.
Self-powered Gating and Other Improvements for Screening-engineered Field-effect Photovoltaics
� IB-3094 Berkeley Lab scientists Alex Zettl and William Regan have developed a straightforward technology that enables fabrication of high efficiency, single junction photovoltaic (PV) cells from inexpensive, abundant, and nontoxic materials�notably ...
Electrical axes of TESLA-type cavities (Theoretical background, development of measurement equipment, measurement results)
- 1 - Electrical axes of TESLA-type cavities (Theoretical background, development of measurement equipment, measurement results) Anton Labanc, MHF-SL, DESY, January 2008 Abstract Cells in TESLA cavities. A short overview was already published at the TESLA Report 2007-01. This paper brings more details about
Development of a new type of oil?free turbo vacuum pump
We developed a new type of high?performance oil?free roughing pump which could attain an inlet pressure of the order of 10? 2 Pa with an outlet pressure of atmosphere. The pump is a turbo vacuum pump which has radial flow and peripheral flow pump stages in series. From the inlet side residual gas analysis
M. Mase; I. Gyoubu; T. Nagaoka; M. Taniyama
Photovoltaic Technology Basics | Department of Energy
Photovoltaic Technology Basics Photovoltaic Technology Basics Photovoltaic Technology Basics August 16, 2013 - 4:47pm Addthis Text Version Photovoltaic (PV) materials and devices convert sunlight into electrical energy, and PV cells are commonly known as solar cells. Photovoltaics can literally be translated as light-electricity. First used in about 1890, "photovoltaic" has two parts: photo, derived from the Greek word for light, and volt, relating to electricity pioneer Alessandro Volta. And this is what photovoltaic materials and devices do-they convert light energy into electrical energy, as French physicist Edmond Becquerel discovered as early as 1839. Becquerel discovered the process of using sunlight to produce an electric current in a solid material. But it took more than another century to truly
Photovoltaic Resources and Technologies | Department of Energy
Photovoltaic Resources and Technologies Photovoltaic Resources and Technologies Photovoltaic Resources and Technologies October 7, 2013 - 9:22am Addthis Graphic of the eTraining logo Training Available Selecting, Implementing, and Funding Photovoltaic Systems in Federal Facilities: Learn how to select, implement, and fund a photovoltaic system by taking this FEMP eTraining course. This page provides a brief overview of photovoltaic (PV) technologies supplemented by specific information to apply PV within the Federal sector. Overview Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity. Systems typically include a PV module or array made of individual PV cells installed on or near a building or other structure. A power inverter converts the direct current (DC) electricity produced by the PV cells to alternative current
Economic Feasibility of Recycling Photovoltaic Modules
The market for photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation has boomed over the last decade, and its expansion is expected to continue with the development of new technologies. Taking into consideration the usage of valuable resources and the generation of emissions in the life cycle of photovoltaic technologies dictates proactive planning for a sound PV recycling infrastructure to ensure its sustainability. PV is expected to be a 'green' technology, and properly planning for recycling will offer the opportunity to make it a 'double-green' technology - that is, enhancing life cycle environmental quality. In addition, economic feasibility and a sufficient level of value-added opportunity must be ensured, to stimulate a recycling industry. In this article, we survey mathematical models of the infrastructure of recycling processes of other products and identify the challenges for setting up an efficient one for PV. Then we present an operational model for an actual recycling process of a thin-film PV technology. We found that for the case examined with our model, some of the scenarios indicate profitable recycling, whereas in other scenarios it is unprofitable. Scenario SC4, which represents the most favorable scenario by considering the lower bounds of all costs and the upper bound of all revenues, produces a monthly profit of $107,000, whereas the least favorable scenario incurs a monthly loss of $151,000. Our intent is to extend the model as a foundation for developing a framework for building a generalized model for current-PV and future-PV technologies.
Choi, J.K.; Fthenakis, V.
Cost Analysis of a Concentrator Photovoltaic Hydrogen Production System
The development of efficient, renewable methods of producing hydrogen are essential for the success of the hydrogen economy. Since the feedstock for electrolysis is water, there are no harmful pollutants emitted during the use of the fuel. Furthermore, it has become evident that concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems have a number of unique attributes that could shortcut the development process, and increase the efficiency of hydrogen production to a point where economics will then drive the commercial development to mass scale.
Thompson, J. R.; McConnell, R. D.; Mosleh, M.
Glass for low-cost photovoltaic solar arrays
In photovoltaic systems, the encapsulant material that protects the solar cells should be highly transparent and very durable. Glass satisfies these two criteria and is considered a primary candidate for low-cost, photovoltaic encapsulation systems. In this report, various aspects of glass encapsulation are treated that are important for the designer of photovoltaic systems. Candidate glasses and available information defining the state of the art of glass encapsulation materials and processes for automated, high volume production of terrestrial photovoltaic devices and related applications are presented. The criteria for consideration of the glass encapsulation systems were based on the LSA (Low-cost Solar Array) Project goals for arrays: (a) a low degradation rate, (b) high reliability, (c) an efficiency greater than 10 percent, (d) a total array price less than $500/kW, and (e) a production capacity of 5 x 10/sup 5/ kW/yr. The glass design areas treated herein include the types of glass, sources and costs, physical properties and glass modifications, such as antireflection coatings. 78 references.
Bouquet, F.L.
NREL photovoltaic subcontract reports: Abstracts and document control information, 1 August 1991--31 July 1992
This report contains document control information and abstracts for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) subcontracted photovoltaic program publications. It also lists source information on additional publications that describe US Department of Energy (DOE) PV research activities. It is not totally exhaustive, so it lists NREL contacts for requesting further information on the DOE and NREL PV programs. This report covers the period from August 1, 1991, through July 31, 1992. The purpose of continuing this type of publication is to help people keep abreast of specific PV interests, while maintaining a balance on the costs to the PV program. The information in this report is organized under PV technology areas: Amorphous silicon research; polycrystalline thin films (including copper indium diselenide, cadmium telluride, and thin-film silicon); crystalline materials and advanced concepts (including silicon, gallium arsenide, and other group III-V materials); and PV manufacturing technology development (which may include manufacturing information for various types of PV materials).
Type B plutonium transport package development that uses metallic filaments and composite materials
A new package was developed for transporting Pu and U quantities that are currently carried in DOT-6M packages. It uses double containment with threaded closures and elastomeric seals. A composite overpack of metallic wire mesh and ceramic or quartz cloth insulation is provided for protection in accidents. Two prototypes were subjected to dynamic crush tests. A thermal computer model was developed and benchmarked by test results to predict package behavior in fires. The material performed isotropically in a global fashion. A Type B Pu transport package can be developed for DOE Pu shipments for less than $5000 if manufactured in quantity. 5 figs, 6 refs. (DLC)
Pierce, J.D.; Moya, J.L.; McClure, J.D.; Hohnstreiter, G.F. (Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)); Golliher, K.G. (USDOE Albuquerque Operations Office, NM (United States))
Improved photovoltaic cells and electrodes
Improved photovoltaic cells and electrodes for use therein, particularly electrodes employing amorphous silicon or polyacetylene coating are produced by a process which includes filling pinholes or porous openings in the coatings by electrochemical oxidation of selected monomers to deposit insulating polymer in the openings.
Skotheim, T.A.
Electrochemical photovoltaic cells and electrodes
Improved electrochemical photovoltaic cells and electrodes for use therein, particularly electrodes employing amorphous silicon or polyacetylene coating are produced by a process which includes filling pinholes or porous openings in the coatings by electrochemical oxidation of selected monomers to deposit insulating polymer in the openings.
Skotheim, Terje A. (East Patchogue, NY)
Photovoltaic cells employing zinc phosphide
A photovoltaic cell having a zinc phosphide absorber. The zinc phosphide can be a single or multiple crystal slice or a thin polycrystalline film. The cell can be a Schottky barrier, heterojunction or homojunction device. Methods for synthesizing and crystallizing zinc phosphide are disclosed as well as a method for forming thin films.
Barnett, Allen M. (Newark, DE); Catalano, Anthony W. (Wilmington, DE); Dalal, Vikram L. (Newark, DE); Masi, James V. (Wilbraham, MA); Meakin, John D. (Newark, DE); Hall, Robert B. (Newark, DE)
Advanced Concepts for Photovoltaic Cells
Novel approaches to high efficiency photovoltaic cells are discussed that are based on the use of semiconductor quantum dots to slow hot electron cooling and thus produce either enhanced photocurrents through impact ionization or enhanced photovoltages through hot electron transport and collection.
RESEARCH COUNCIL Cover Photo: Wind, Solar Powered Car & Building (G8 Building at Birmingham, Photo Courtesy ENGINEERING) Photovoltaics Group School of Electrical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING & REGULATION 24 SYSTEM HARDWARE AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING 24 EDUCATION
Next-Generation Photovoltaic Next-Generation Photovoltaic Technologies Next-Generation Photovoltaic Technologies Print Monday, 06 February 2012 15:48 Organic solar cells based on the polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction (BHJ) model represent one of the most promising technologies for next-generation solar energy conversion due to their low cost and scalability. Traditional organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are thought to have interpenetrating networks of pure polymer and fullerene layers with discrete interfaces. Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory, working with collaborators from the University of Chicago, LBNL, and NIST, used ALS Beamline 126.96.36.199 to perform resonant soft x-ray scattering (RSoXS) on PTB7/fullerene BHJ solar cells to probe performance-related structures at different length scales. These solar cells set a historic record of conversion efficiency (7.4%). The RSoXS demonstrated that the superior performance of PTB7/fullerene solar cells is attributed to surprising hierarchical nanomorphologies ranging from several nanometers of crystallites to tens of nanometers of nanocrystallite aggregates in intermixed PTB7-rich and fullerene-rich domains, themselves hundreds of nanometers in size. This work will lead the research community to rethink ideal OPV morphologies, reconsider which structures should be targeted in OPVs, and enable the rational design of even higher-performance organic solar cells.
Overview of NREL's Photovoltaic Advanced R D Project
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) Photovoltaic Advanced Research and Development (PV AR D) Project supports the US Department of Energy's National Photovoltaics Program in assisting the development and commercialization of photovoltaics (PV) energy technology. The NREL program is implemented through in-house research and subcontracts, with over 50% of the annual budget awarded through competitive solicitations to universities, large and small businesses, and other research centers. These activities include cost-shared, multiyear, government/industry partnerships and technology initiatives. The research has resulted in a better fundamental understanding of materials, devices, and processes, the achievement of record efficiencies in nearly all PV technology areas, the identification of promising new approaches to low-cost photovoltaics, and the introduction of new PV technology products into system experiments and PV markets. This paper presents an overview of NREL's PV AR D Project in terms of project organization and budgets, near- and long-term project objectives, research participants, and current and future research directions. Recent progress in the in-house and subcontracted research activities is described. 4 refs.
Removing Barriers to Utility Interconnected Photovoltaic Inverters
The Million Solar Roofs Initiative has motivated a renewed interest in the development of utility interconnected photovoltaic (UIPV) inverters. Government-sponsored programs (PVMaT, PVBONUS) and competition among utility interconnected inverter manufacturers have stimulated innovations and improved the performance of existing technologies. With this resurgence, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has developed a program to assist industry initiatives to overcome barriers to UIPV inverters. In accordance with newly adopted IEEE 929-2000, the utility interconnected PV inverters are required to cease energizing the utility grid when either a significant disturbance occurs or the utility experiences an interruption in service. Compliance with IEEE 929-2000 is being widely adopted by utilities as a minimum requirement for utility interconnection. This report summarizes work done at the SNL balance-of-systems laboratory to support the development of IEEE 929-2000 and to assist manufacturers in meeting its requirements.
Gonzalez, S.; Bonn, R.H.; Ginn, J.W.
Received 20 Oct 2012 | Accepted 29 Apr 2013 | Published 18 Jun 2013 Cortical responses elicited by photovoltaic
elicited by photovoltaic subretinal prostheses exhibit similarities to visually evoked potentials Yossi developed a wireless photovoltaic retinal prosthesis, in which camera- captured images are projected onto, yet the inner retinal neurons (inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers) that process the visual signals
Palanker, Daniel
Battery Powered Electric Car, Using Photovoltaic Cells Assistance Juan Dixon, Alberto Ziga, Angel Abusleme and Daniel Soto
transport costs. Keywords: solar energy, battery charge, photovoltaic. 1 Introduction Although rangeBattery Powered Electric Car, Using Photovoltaic Cells Assistance Juan Dixon, Alberto Zúñiga, Angel-capacity batteries, it is still difficult to develop an economically viable and socially acceptable EV for massive
Rudnick, Hugh
Design of a photovoltaic central power station: flat-plate array
A design for a photovoltaic central power station using fixed flat-panel arrays has been developed. The 100 MW plant is assumed to be located adjacent to the Saguaro Power Station of Arizona Public Service. The design assumes high-efficiency photovoltaic modules using dendritic web cells. The modules are arranged in 5 MW subfields, each with its own power conditioning unit. The photovoltaic output is connected to the existing 115 kV utility switchyard. The site specific design allows detailed cost estimates for engineering, site preparation, and installation. Collector and power conditioning costs have been treated parametrically.
Development of large-area monolithically integrated silicon-film photovoltaic modules. Annual subcontract report, 1 May 1991--15 November 1991
Rand, J.A.; Bacon, C.; Cotter, J.E.; Lampros, T.H.; Ingram, A.E.; Ruffins, T.R.; Hall, R.B.; Barnett, A.M. [AstroPower, Inc., Newark, DE (United States)
Photovoltaic Theory and Modeling
The scientists developing this capability welcome the opportunity to unite with industry and advance its potential.
Progress in photovoltaic components and systems
The Photovoltaic Manufacturing Research and Development project is a government/industry partnership between the U.S. Department of Energy and members of the U.S. photovoltaic (PV) industry. The purpose of the project is to work with industry to improve manufacturing processes, reduce manufacturing costs, and improve the performance of PV products. This project is conducted through phased solicitations with industry participants selected through a competitive evaluation process. Starting in 1995, the two most recent solicitations include manufacturing improvements for balance-of-system (BOS) components, energy storage, and PV system design improvements. This paper surveys the work accomplished since that time, as well as BOS work currently in progress in the PV Manufacturing R&D project to identify areas of continued interest and product trends. Industry participants continue to work to improve inverters and to expand the features and capabilities of this key component. The industry also continues to advance fully integrated systems that meet standards for performance and safety. All participants included manufacturing improvements to reduce costs and improve reliability. Accomplishments of the project's participants are summarized to illustrate the product and manufacturing trends.
Thomas, H.; Kroposki, B.; Witt, C.; Bower, W.
Progress in Photovoltaic Components and Systems
The Photovoltaic Manufacturing Research and Development project is a government/industry partnership between the US Department of Energy and members of the US photovoltaic (TV) industry. The purpose of the project is to work with industry to improve manufacturing processes, reduce manufacturing costs, and improve the performance of PV products. This project is conducted through phased solicitations with industry participants selected through a competitive evaluation process. Starting in 1995, the two most recent solicitations include manufacturing improvements for balance-of-system (BOS) components, energy storage, and PV system design improvements. This paper surveys the work accomplished since that time, as well as BOS work currently in progress in the PV Manufacturing R and D project to identify areas of continued interest and product trends. Industry participants continue to work to improve inverters and to expand the features and capabilities of this key component. The industry also continues to advance fully integrated systems that meet standards for performance and safety. All participants included manufacturing improvements to reduce costs and improve reliability. Accomplishments of the project's participants are summarized to illustrate the product and manufacturing trends.
Progress in photovoltaic system and component improvements
The Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology (PVMaT) project is a partnership between the US government (through the US Department of Energy [DOE]) and the PV industry. Part of its purpose is to conduct manufacturing technology research and development to address the issues and opportunities identified by industry to advance photovoltaic (PV) systems and components. The project was initiated in 1990 and has been conducted in several phases to support the evolution of PV industrial manufacturing technology. Early phases of the project stressed PV module manufacturing. Starting with Phase 4A and continuing in Phase 5A, the goals were broadened to include improvement of component efficiency, energy storage and manufacturing and system or component integration to bring together all elements for a PV product. This paper summarizes PV manufacturers` accomplishments in components, system integration, and alternative manufacturing methods. Their approaches have resulted in improved hardware and PV system performance, better system compatibility, and new system capabilities. Results include new products such as Underwriters Laboratories (UL)-listed AC PV modules, modular inverters, and advanced inverter designs that use readily available and standard components. Work planned in Phase 5A1 includes integrated residential and commercial roof-top systems, PV systems with energy storage, and 300-Wac to 4-kWac inverters.
Thomas, H.P.; Kroposki, B.; McNutt, P.; Witt, C.E. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Bower, W.; Bonn, R.; Hund, T.D. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Residential Photovoltaic Energy Systems in California: The Effect on Home Sales Prices
Residential Photovoltaic Energy Systems in California: Themarginal impacts of photovoltaic (PV) energy systems on home
Hoen, Ben
Photovoltaic Power Generation in the Stellar Environments
In this paper we have studied the problem of photovoltaic power generation near selected stars in the solar neighborhood. The nature of the optical radiation from a star will depend on its luminosity,HR classification and spectral characteristics. The solar celloperation in the habitable zones of the stars is similar to AM1.0 operation near earth.Thecurrent space solar cell technology can be adopted for power generation near G,K and Mtype stars. Silicon solar cells with good near IR response are particularly suitable in theenvironments of M type stars which are most abundant in the universe. . Photovoltaicpower generation near binary stars like Sirius and Alpha Centauri is also discussed.
T. E. Girish; S. Aranya
Girish, T E
Photovoltaic power systems market identification and analysis. Final report, January 1977--February 1978
This report summarizes the work done by InterTechnology/Solar Corporation, its consultants, Mobil Tyco Solar Energy Corporation and the University of Delaware Institute for Energy Conversion, and its consultants, during the marketing analysis of near and intermediate term photovoltaic power applications. To obtain estimates of the domestic and foreign market potential for photovoltaically powered devices two approaches were used. First, the study was identifying then screening all possible photovoltaic power supply applications. This approach encompassed the first two tasks of the study: (1) a survey of the current uses of photovoltaic systems, both domestic and international, and a projection of the usage of those systems into the future; and (2) a new idea generation task which attempted to come up with new ways of using photovoltaic power. Second, the study required in-depth analysis of key near-term and intermediate-term photovoltaic applications identified during the first phase to obtain reasonable estimates of photovoltaic market potential. This process encompassed the third and fourth tasks of the analysis: (3) refinement of ideas generated in Task 2 so that certain products/applications could be identified, the product defined and a market survey carried out; and (4) development of a detailed product scenario which forecasts sales, barriers to market acceptance, and technical innovationsrequired for proper introduction of the products. The work performed and findings of each task are presented.
Facility Name Facility Name Facility FacilityType Owner Developer EnergyPurchaser
Name Facility Name Facility FacilityType Owner Developer EnergyPurchaser Name Facility Name Facility FacilityType Owner Developer EnergyPurchaser Place GeneratingCapacity NumberOfUnits CommercialOnlineDate WindTurbineManufacturer FacilityStatus Coordinates D Metals D Metals D Metals Definition Small Scale Wind Valley City OH MW Northern Power Systems In Service AB Tehachapi Wind Farm AB Tehachapi Wind Farm AB Tehachapi Definition Commercial Scale Wind Coram Energy AB Energy Southern California Edison Co Tehachapi CA MW Vestas In Service AFCEE MMR Turbines AFCEE MMR Turbines AFCEE MMR Turbines Definition Commercial Scale Wind AFCEE Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment Distributed generation net metered Camp Edwards Sandwich MA MW GE Energy In Service AG Land AG Land AG Land Definition Community Wind AG Land Energy LLC
Pioneering NREL research has been instrumental in developing cadmium telluride (CdTe) and other thin-film photovoltaic (PV) technologies to the point where they are poised to take off
offset the cost of additional manufacturing capacity. In addition, NREL's new Science and Technology near-term manufacturing, building the knowledge and technology base for future manufacturing on. PIX 16735 Thin-Film Manufacturing Process Gives Edge to Photovoltaic Start-Up Abound Solar