text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
1 INTRODUCTION Evaluating safety instrumented systems [SIS] reliabil-
E-Print Network (OSTI)
consists of predictive models. The first related standard is the MIL-HDBK- 217. It appeared in 1960 Quantitative Risk Analy- sis. New-York: Wiley-AIChE Department of Defence of USA [DoD of USA] 1991. MIL- HDBK
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Species Information System (SIS) | Data.gov
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Ocean Data Species Information System (SIS) Dataset Summary Description The Species Information System (SIS) consists of a web-enabled database (login required) and a public...
Catwalk grate lifting tool
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A device is described for lifting catwalk grates comprising an elongated bent member with a handle at one end and a pair of notched braces and a hook at the opposite end that act in conjunction with each other to lock onto the grate and give mechanical advantage in lifting the grate. 10 figs.
Gunter, L.W.
A device for lifting catwalk grates comprising an elongated bent member with a handle at one end and a pair of notched braces and a hook at the opposite end that act in conjunction with each other to lock onto the grate and give mechanical advantage in lifting the grate.
Gunter, Larry W. (615 Sandpit Rd., Leesville, SC 29070)
Multilayer dielectric diffraction gratings
The design and fabrication of dielectric grating structures with high diffraction efficiency used in reflection or transmission is described. By forming a multilayer structure of alternating index dielectric materials and placing a grating structure on top of the multilayer, a diffraction grating of adjustable efficiency, and variable optical bandwidth can be obtained. Diffraction efficiency into the first order in reflection varying between 1 and 98 percent has been achieved by controlling the design of the multilayer and the depth, shape, and material comprising the grooves of the grating structure. Methods for fabricating these gratings without the use of ion etching techniques are described. 7 figs.
Perry, M.D.; Britten, J.A.; Nguyen, H.T.; Boyd, R.; Shore, B.W.
The design and fabrication of dielectric grating structures with high diffraction efficiency used in reflection or transmission is described. By forming a multilayer structure of alternating index dielectric materials and placing a grating structure on top of the multilayer, a diffraction grating of adjustable efficiency, and variable optical bandwidth can be obtained. Diffraction efficiency into the first order in reflection varying between 1 and 98 percent has been achieved by controlling the design of the multilayer and the depth, shape, and material comprising the grooves of the grating structure. Methods for fabricating these gratings without the use of ion etching techniques are described.
Perry, Michael D. (Livermore, CA); Britten, Jerald A. (Oakley, CA); Nguyen, Hoang T. (Livermore, CA); Boyd, Robert (Livermore, CA); Shore, Bruce W. (Livermore, CA)
Applying Human Factors during the SIS Life Cycle
SciTech Connect
Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) are widely used in U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) nonreactor nuclear facilities for safety-critical applications. Although use of the SIS technology and computer-based digital controls, can improve performance and safety, it potentially introduces additional complexities, such as failure modes that are not readily detectable. Either automated actions or manual (operator) actions may be required to complete the safety instrumented function to place the process in a safe state or mitigate a hazard in response to an alarm or indication. DOE will issue a new standard, Application of Safety Instrumented Systems Used at DOE Nonreactor Nuclear Facilities, to provide guidance for the design, procurement, installation, testing, maintenance, operation, and quality assurance of SIS used in safety significant functions at DOE nonreactor nuclear facilities. The DOE standard focuses on utilizing the process industry consensus standard, American National Standards Institute/ International Society of Automation (ANSI/ISA) 84.00.01, Functional Safety: Safety Instrumented Systems for the Process Industry Sector, to support reliable SIS design throughout the DOE complex. SIS design must take into account human-machine interfaces and their limitations and follow good human factors engineering (HFE) practices. HFE encompasses many diverse areas (e.g., information display, user-system interaction, alarm management, operator response, control room design, and system maintainability), which affect all aspects of system development and modification. This paper presents how the HFE processes and principles apply throughout the SIS life cycle to support the design and use of SIS at DOE nonreactor nuclear facilities.
Avery, K.
Reflective diffraction grating
Reflective diffraction grating. A focused ion beam (FIB) micromilling apparatus is used to store color images in a durable medium by milling away portions of the surface of the medium to produce a reflective diffraction grating with blazed pits. The images are retrieved by exposing the surface of the grating to polychromatic light from a particular incident bearing and observing the light reflected by the surface from specified reception bearing.
Lamartine, Bruce C. (Los Alamos, NM)
MIS and SIS solar cells on polycrystalline silicon
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
MIS and SIS structured solar cells are receiving much attention in the photovoltaic community. Seemingly, these cells could be a viable alternative to thermally diffused p-n junctions for use on thin-film polycrystalline silicon substrates. This review describes MIS/SIS structured solar cells and the possible advantages of these structures for use with thin-film polycrystalline silicon. The results of efficiency calculations are presented. Also addressed are lifetime stability and fabrication techniques amenable to large scale production. Finally, the relative advantages and disadvantages of these cells and the results obtained are presented.
Cheek, G.; Mertens, R.
Investigating Ultrasonic Diffraction Grating Spectroscopy and ...
Investigating Ultrasonic Diffraction Grating Spectroscopy and Reflection Techniques for Characterization Slurry Properties Investigating Ultrasonic Diffraction Grating
Electrically-programmable diffraction grating
An electrically-programmable diffraction grating. The programmable grating includes a substrate having a plurality of electrodes formed thereon and a moveable grating element above each of the electrodes. The grating elements are electrostatically programmable to form a diffraction grating for diffracting an incident beam of light as it is reflected from the upper surfaces of the grating elements. The programmable diffraction grating, formed by a micromachining process, has applications for optical information processing (e.g. optical correlators and computers), for multiplexing and demultiplexing a plurality of light beams of different wavelengths (e.g. for optical fiber communications), and for forming spectrometers (e.g. correlation and scanning spectrometers).
Ricco, Antonio J. (Albuquerque, NM); Butler, Michael A. (Albuquerque, NM); Sinclair, Michael B. (Albuquerque, NM); Senturia, Stephen D. (Brookline, MA)
Characterization of Sugar Insensitive (sis) Mutants of Arabidopsis
Despite the fact that soluble sugar levels have been postulated to play an important role in the control of a wide variety of plant metabolic and developmental pathways, the mechanisms by which plants respond to soluble sugar levels remain poorly understood. Plant responses to soluble sugar levels are also important in bioenergy production, as plant sugar responses are believed to help regulate both carbon fixation and carbon partitioning. For example, accumulation of soluble sugars, such as sucrose and glucose, in source tissues leads to feedback inhibition of photosynthesis, thereby decreasing rates of carbon fixation. Soluble sugar levels can also affect sink strengths, affecting the rates of accumulation of carbon-based compounds into both particular molecular forms (e.g. carbohydrates versus lipids versus proteins) and particular plant organs and tissues. Mutants of Arabidopsis that are defective in the ability to respond to soluble sugar levels were isolated and used as tools to identify some of the factors involved in plant sugar response. These sugar insensitive (sis) mutants were isolated by screening mutagenized seeds for those that were able to germinate and develop relatively normal shoot systems on media containing 0.3 M glucose or 0.3 M sucrose. At these sugar concentrations, wild-type Arabidopsis germinate and produce substantial root systems, but show little to no shoot development. Twenty-eight sis mutants were isolated during the course of four independent mutant screens. Based on a preliminary characterization of all of these mutants, sis3 and sis6 were chosen for further study. Both of these mutations appear to lie in previously uncharacterized loci. Unlike many other sugar-response mutants, sis3 mutants exhibit a wild-type or near wild-type response in all phytohormone-response assays conducted to date. The sis6-1 mutation is unusual in that it appears to be due to overexpression of a gene, rather than representing a loss of function mutation. Characterization of mutant and wild-type plants has revealed that sugars inhibit breakdown of seed storage lipids. In addition, high concentrations of exogenous sugars largely eliminate the development of mature chloroplasts by developing seedlings. Affymetrix GeneChip experiments have revealed that expression of many plant genes is partially regulated by sugar levels, with approximately two percent of genes exhibiting alterations in steady-state mRNA levels in response to changing sugar concentrations. Ultimately, a better understanding of plant sugar responses may allow improvements in rates of carbon fixation and manipulation of carbon partitioning. These improvements will be needed to help make production of energy from biomass more economically attractive.
Gibson, Susan I.
An electrically-programmable diffraction grating is disclosed. The programmable grating includes a substrate having a plurality of electrodes formed thereon and a moveable grating element above each of the electrodes. The grating elements are electrostatically programmable to form a diffraction grating for diffracting an incident beam of light as it is reflected from the upper surfaces of the grating elements. The programmable diffraction grating, formed by a micromachining process, has applications for optical information processing (e.g. optical correlators and computers), for multiplexing and demultiplexing a plurality of light beams of different wavelengths (e.g. for optical fiber communications), and for forming spectrometers (e.g. correlation and scanning spectrometers). 14 figs.
Ricco, A.J.; Butler, M.A.; Sinclair, M.B.; Senturia, S.D.
Charged particle accelerator grating
A readily disposable and replaceable accelerator grating for a relativistic particle accelerator is described. The grating is formed for a plurality of liquid droplets that are directed in precisely positioned jet streams to periodically dispose rows of droplets along the borders of a predetermined particle beam path. A plurality of lasers are used to direct laser beams onto the droplets, at predetermined angles, thereby to excite the droplets to support electromagnetic accelerating resonances on their surfaces. Those resonances operate to accelerate and focus particles moving along the beam path. As the droplets are distorted or destroyed by the incoming radiation, they are replaced at a predetermined frequency by other droplets supplied through the jet streams.
Palmer, R.B.
Fiber Grating Environmental Sensing System
Fiber grating environmental measurement systems are comprised of sensors that are configured to respond to changes in moisture or chemical content of the surrounding medium through the action of coatings and plates inducing strain that is measured. These sensors can also be used to monitor the interior of bonds for degradation due to aging, cracking, or chemical attack. Means to multiplex these sensors at high speed and with high sensitivity can be accomplished by using spectral filters placed to correspond to each fiber grating environmental sensor. By forming networks of spectral elements and using wavelength division multiplexing arrays of fiber grating sensors may be processed in a single fiber line allowing distributed high sensitivity, high bandwidth fiber optic grating environmental sensor systems to be realized.
Schulz, Whitten L. (Fairview, OR); Udd, Eric (Fairview, OR)
Gratings Inc | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Gratings Inc Gratings Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name Gratings, Inc. Place Albuquerque, New Mexico Zip 87107 Product R&D firm that specialises in microstructural and nanostructural approaches to different challenges facing the microelectronics and power industries. Coordinates 35.08418°, -106.648639° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":35.08418,"lon":-106.648639,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
MEMS tunable gratings with analog actuation
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We have designed and fabricated tunable gratings with period tunable to within fraction of a nanometer. We actuated the gratings by electrostatic and piezoelectric means, and demonstrated period changes of order 1 nm. Fabrication processes for the two ...
Wei-Chuan Shih; Chee Wei Wong; Yong Bae Jeon; Sang-Gook Kim; George Barbastathis
Gratings for High-Energy Petawatt Lasers
To enable high-energy petawatt laser operation we have developed the processing methods and tooling that produced both the world's largest multilayer dielectric reflection grating and the world's highest laser damage resistant gratings. We have successfully delivered the first ever 80 cm aperture multilayer dielectric grating to LLNL's Titan Intense Short Pulse Laser Facility. We report on the design, fabrication and characterization of multilayer dielectric diffraction gratings.
Nguyen, H T; Britten, J A; Carlson, T C; Nissen, J D; Summers, L J; Hoaglan, C R; Aasen, M D; Peterson, J E; Jovanovic, I
Diffraction gratings used as identifying markers
A finely detailed defraction grating is applied to an object as an identifier or tag which is unambiguous, difficult to duplicate, or remove and transfer to another item, and can be read and compared with prior readings with relative ease. The exact pattern of the defraction grating is mapped by diffraction moire techniques and recorded for comparison with future readings of the same grating.
Deason, Vance A. (Idaho Falls, ID); Ward, Michael B. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Embedded high-contrast distributed grating structures
A new class of fabrication methods for embedded distributed grating structures is claimed, together with optical devices which include such structures. These new methods are the only known approach to making defect-free high-dielectric contrast grating structures, which are smaller and more efficient than are conventional grating structures.
Zubrzycki, Walter J. (Albuquerque, NM); Vawter, Gregory A. (Albuquerque, NM); Allerman, Andrew A. (Albuquerque, NM)
A finely detailed diffraction grating is applied to an object as an identifier or tag which is unambiguous, difficult to duplicate, or remove and transfer to another item, and can be read and compared with prior readings with relative ease. The exact pattern of the diffraction grating is mapped by diffraction moire techniques and recorded for comparison with future readings of the same grating. 7 figures.
Deason, V.A.; Ward, M.B.
A finely detailed defraction grating is applied to an object as an identifier or tag which is unambiguous, difficult to duplicate, or remove and transfer to another item, and can be read and compared with prior readings with relative ease. The exact pattern of the defraction grating is mapped by diffraction moire techniques and recorded for comparison with future readings of the same grating. 7 figs.
Active diffraction gratings: Development and tests
We present the realization and characterization of an active spherical diffraction grating with variable radius of curvature to be used in grazing-incidence monochromators. The device consists of a bimorph deformable mirror on the top of which a diffraction grating with laminar profile is realized by UV lithography. The experimental results show that the active grating can optimize the beam focalization of visible wavelengths through its rotation and focus accommodation.
Bonora, S.; Frassetto, F.; Poletto, L. [Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Council for Research of Italy, via Trasea, 7, Padova 35131 (Italy); Zanchetta, E.; Della Giustina, G.; Brusatin, G. [Industrial Engineering Department, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova (Italy)
Characterizing Fluids Using Ultrasonic Diffraction Grating ...
This technique can be adapted to measurements in a pipeline because the grating surface can form part of the pipeline wall. Advantages.
ALS Scientists Patent Technique To Dramatically Advance Grating...
ALS Scientists Patent Technique To Dramatically Advance Grating-Based Spectroscopy ALS Scientists Patent Technique To Dramatically Advance Grating-Based Spectroscopy Print Tuesday,...
Compact imaging spectrometer utilizing immersed gratings
A compact imaging spectrometer with an immersive diffraction grating that compensates optical distortions. The imaging spectrometer comprises an entrance slit for transmitting light, means for receiving the light and directing the light, an immersion grating, and a detector array. The entrance slit, the means for receiving the light, the immersion grating, and the detector array are positioned wherein the entrance slit transmits light to the means for receiving the light and the means for receiving the light directs the light to the immersion grating and the immersion grating receives the light and directs the light to the means for receiving the light, and the means for receiving the light directs the light to the detector array.
Chrisp, Michael P. (Danville, CA); Lerner, Scott A. (Corvallis, OR); Kuzmenko, Paul J. (Livermore, CA); Bennett, Charles L. (Livermore, CA)
Advanced experimental applications for x-ray transmission gratings spectroscopy using a novel grating fabrication method
A novel fabrication method for soft x-ray transmission grating and other optical elements is presented. The method uses focused-ion-beam technology to fabricate high-quality free standing grating bars on transmission electron microscopy grids. High quality transmission gratings are obtained with superb accuracy and versatility. Using these gratings and back-illuminated CCD camera, absolutely calibrated x-ray spectra can be acquired for soft x-ray source diagnostics in the 100-3000 eV spectral range. Double grating combinations of identical or different parameters are easily fabricated, allowing advanced one-shot application of transmission grating spectroscopy. These applications include spectroscopy with different spectral resolutions, bandwidths, dynamic ranges, and may serve for identification of high-order contribution, and spectral calibrations of various x-ray optical elements.
Hurvitz, G.; Ehrlich, Y.; Shpilman, Z.; Levy, I.; Fraenkel, M. [Plasma Physics Department, Applied Physics Division, Soreq NRC, Yavne (Israel); Strum, G. [Solid State Department, Applied Physics Division, Soreq NRC, Yavne (Israel)
Grating enhanced solid-state laser amplifiers
A novel method and apparatus for suppressing ASE and parasitic oscillation modes in a high average power laser is introduced. Such an invention, as disclosed herein, uses diffraction gratings to increase gain, stored energy density, and pumping efficiency of solid-state laser gain media, such as, but not limited to rods, disks and slabs. By coupling predetermined gratings to solid-state gain media, such as crystal or ceramic laser gain media, ASE and parasitic oscillation modes can be effectively suppressed.
Erlandson, Alvin C. (Livermore, CA); Britten, Jerald A. (Clayton, CA)
Electro-optic Phase Grating Streak Spectrometer
The electro-optic phase grating streak spectrometer (EOPGSS) generates a time-resolved spectra equivalent to that obtained with a conventional spectrometer/streak camera combination, but without using a streak camera (by far the more expensive and problematic component of the conventional system). The EOPGSS is based on a phase, rather than an amplitude grating. Further, this grating is fabricated of electro-optic material such as, for example, KD*P, by either etching grooves into an E-O slab, or by depositing lines of the E-O material onto an optical flat. An electric field normal to the grating alters the material�s index of refraction and thus affects a shift (in angle) of the output spectrum. Ramping the voltage streaks the spectrum correspondingly. The streak and dispersion directions are the same, so a second (static, conventional) grating disperses the spectrum in the orthogonal direction to prevent different wavelengths from �overwriting� each other. Because the streaking is done by the grating, the streaked output spectrum is recorded with a time-integrating device, such as a CCD. System model, typical design, and performance expectations will be presented.
Goldin, F. J.
Fabrication and characterization of the source grating for visibility improvement of neutron phase imaging with gratings
The fabrication of gratings including metal deposition processes for highly neutron absorbing lines is a critical issue to achieve a good visibility of the grating-based phase imaging system. The source grating for a neutron Talbot-Lau interferometer is an array of Gadolinium (Gd) structures that are generally made by sputtering, photo-lithography, and chemical wet etching. However, it is very challenging to fabricate a Gd structure with sufficient neutron attenuation of approximately more than 20 {mu}m using a conventional metal deposition method because of the slow Gd deposition rate, film stress, high material cost, and so on. In this article, we fabricated the source gratings for neutron Talbot-Lau interferometers by filling the silicon structure with Gadox particles. The new fabrication method allowed us a very stable and efficient way to achieve a much higher Gadox filled structure than a Gd film structure, and is even more suitable for thermal polychromatic neutrons, which are more difficult to stop than cold neutrons. The newly fabricated source gratings were tested at the polychromatic thermal neutron grating interferometer system of HANARO at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, and the visibilities and images from the neutron phase imaging system with the new source gratings were compared with those fabricated by a Gd deposition method.
Kim, Jongyul [Neutron Science Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353 (Korea, Republic of); Nuclear and Quantum Engineering Department, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Kye Hong; Lim, Chang Hwy; Kim, Taejoo [Neutron Science Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353 (Korea, Republic of); Ahn, Chi Won [Nano Fusion Technology Division, National Nanofab Center, Daejeon 305-701 (Korea, Republic of); Cho, Gyuseong [Nuclear and Quantum Engineering Department, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Seung Wook [School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735 (Korea, Republic of)
Grate Furnace Combustion: A Submodel for the Solid Fuel Layer
The reduction of NOx-formation in biomass fired grate furnaces requires the development of numerical models. To represent the variety in scales and physical processes playing a role in the conversion, newly developed ... Keywords: Grate furnace, biomass, reverse combustion
H. A. Kuijk; R. J. Bastiaans; J. A. Oijen; L. P. Goey
Integrated optical filters using Bragg gratings and resonators
This thesis provides an in-depth study of optical filters made using integrated Bragg gratings and Bragg resonators. Various topologies for making add/drop filters using integrated gratings are outlined. Each class of ...
Khan, Mohammad Jalal
Coupled-wave analysis of apodized volume gratings
gratings with finite size through numerical simula- tion", CLEO/IQEC and PhAST Technical Digest (Optical
Glebov, Leon
Superfluid {sup 4}He Quantum Interference Grating
We report the first observation of quantum interference from a grating structure consisting of four weak link junctions in superfluid {sup 4}He. We find that an interference grating can be implemented successfully in a superfluid matter wave interferometer to enhance its sensitivity while trading away some of its dynamic range. We also show that this type of device can be used to measure absolute quantum mechanical phase differences. The results demonstrate the robust nature of superfluid phase coherence arising from quantum mechanics on a macroscopic scale.
Sato, Yuki; Joshi, Aditya; Packard, Richard [Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States)
A New Multilayer-Based Grating for Hard X-ray Grating Interferometry |
The Most Detailed Picture Yet of a Key AIDS Protein The Most Detailed Picture Yet of a Key AIDS Protein Superconductivity with Stripes How HIV Infects Cells Simulating Deep Earthquakes in the Laboratory A "Sponge" Path to Better Catalysts and Energy Materials Science Highlights Archives: 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 2001 | 2000 | 1998 | Subscribe to APS Science Highlights rss feed A New Multilayer-Based Grating for Hard X-ray Grating Interferometry November 20, 2013 Bookmark and Share An image of the phase shift in the mouse kidney from a Bonse-Hart interferometer built utilizing the new micro-multilayer grating provides a projection view of the blood vessels. A new kind of x-ray multilayer grating that could open a pathway for high-sensitivity, hard x-ray phase contrast full-field imaging of large
Fiber-bragg grating-loop ringdown method and apparatus
A device comprising a fiber grating loop ringdown (FGLRD) system of analysis is disclosed. A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) or Long-Period grating (LPG) written in a section of single mode fused silica fiber is incorporated into a fiber loop. By utilizing the wing areas of the gratings' bandwidth as a wavelength dependent attenuator of the light transmission, a fiber grating loop ringdown concept is formed. One aspect of the present invention is temperature sensing, which has been demonstrated using the disclosed device. Temperature measurements in the areas of accuracy, stability, high temperature, and dynamic range are also described.
Wang, Chuji (Starkville, MS)
Transmission Grating Measurements of Undulator K
This study was undertaken to understand the practicalities of determine K differences in the undulator modules by measuring single-shot x-ray spectra of the spontaneous radiation with a transmissive grating spectrometer under development to measure FEL spectra. Since the quality of the FEL is dependent on a uniform K value in all the undulator modules, being able to measure the relative undulator K values is important. Preliminary results were presented in a presentation, 'Use of FEL Off-Axis Zone Plate Spectrometer to Measure Relative K by the Pinhole/Centroid Method', at the 'LCLS Beam-Based Undulator K Measurements Workshop' on November 14, 2005 (UCRL-PRES-217281). This study applies equally well to reflective gratings of the appropriate period and inclinations.
Bionta, R. M.
Fluidized bed boiler having a segmented grate
A fluidized bed furnace (10) is provided having a perforate grate (9) within a housing which supports a bed of particulate material including some combustibles. The grate is divided into a plurality of segments (E2-E6, SH1-SH5, RH1-RH5), with the airflow to each segment being independently controlled. Some of the segments have evaporating surface imbedded in the particulate material above them, while other segments are below superheater surface or reheater surface. Some of the segments (E1, E7) have no surface above them, and there are ignitor combustors (32, 34) directed to fire into the segments, for fast startup of the furnace without causing damage to any heating surface.
Waryasz, Richard E. (Longmeadow, MA)
Compact reflective imaging spectrometer utilizing immersed gratings
A compact imaging spectrometer comprising an entrance slit for directing light, a first mirror that receives said light and reflects said light, an immersive diffraction grating that diffracts said light, a second mirror that focuses said light, and a detector array that receives said focused light. The compact imaging spectrometer can be utilized for remote sensing imaging spectrometers where size and weight are of primary importance.
Chrisp, Michael P. (Danville, CA)
Fiber optic security seal including plural Bragg gratings
An optical security system enables the integrity of a container seal to be remotely interrogated. A plurality of Bragg gratings is written holographically into the core of at least one optical fiber placed about the container seal, where each Bragg grating has a predetermined location and a known frequency for reflecting incident light. A time domain reflectometer is provided with a variable frequency light output that corresponds to the reflecting frequencies of the Bragg gratings to output a signal that is functionally related to the location and reflecting frequency of each of the Bragg gratings. 2 figs.
Forman, P.R.
An optical security system enables the integrity of a container seal to be remotely interrogated. A plurality of Bragg gratings is written holographically into the core of at least one optical fiber placed about the container seal, where each Bragg grating has a predetermined location and a known frequency for reflecting incident light. A time domain reflectometer is provided with a variable frequency light output that corresponds to the reflecting frequencies of the Bragg gratings to output a signal that is functionally related to the location and reflecting frequency of each of the Bragg gratings.
Forman, Peter R. (Los Alamos, NM)
Bayesian Statistics and Its Application to Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping
2.2.4 Bayesian inference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .and Genome Selection in Bayesian Shrinkage Analy- sis 126.96.36.199 Bayesian Shrinkage Method and Permutation Test for
Che, Xiaohong
ALS Scientists Patent Technique To Dramatically Advance Grating-Based
ALS Scientists Patent Technique To ALS Scientists Patent Technique To Dramatically Advance Grating-Based Spectroscopy ALS Scientists Patent Technique To Dramatically Advance Grating-Based Spectroscopy Print Tuesday, 29 January 2013 16:28 Gratings - optical elements used to separate light in spectroscopy applications - have been in use since the early 19th century. Developments in the late 19th century led to the manufacture of gratings by highly precise ruling with a diamond onto a metallic surface. Many gratings are still produced today using the same technique. Holographic methods and ion etching are also used, but all of these techniques result in gratings that contain significant imperfections, which limits resolution. Watch a video about this topic... However, a new type of ultra-high diffraction grating recently patented by members of the ALS Experimental Systems Group (ESG), working with colleagues from Berkeley Lab's Center for X-ray Optics, stands to revolutionize the resolution capabilities of soft x-ray spectroscopy. The key to the new technique is the production of a near atomically perfect substrate, using the anisotropic etching of silicon.
ALS Scientists Patent Technique To Dramatically ALS Scientists Patent Technique To Dramatically Advance Grating-Based Spectroscopy ALS Scientists Patent Technique To Dramatically Advance Grating-Based Spectroscopy Print Gratings - optical elements used to separate light in spectroscopy applications - have been in use since the early 19th century. Developments in the late 19th century led to the manufacture of gratings by highly precise ruling with a diamond onto a metallic surface. Many gratings are still produced today using the same technique. Holographic methods and ion etching are also used, but all of these techniques result in gratings that contain significant imperfections, which limits resolution. Watch a video about this topic... However, a new type of ultra-high diffraction grating recently patented by members of the ALS Experimental Systems Group (ESG), working with colleagues from Berkeley Lab's Center for X-ray Optics, stands to revolutionize the resolution capabilities of soft x-ray spectroscopy. The key to the new technique is the production of a near atomically perfect substrate, using the anisotropic etching of silicon.
Grate assembly for fixed-bed coal gasifier
A grate assembly for a coal gasifier of a moving-bed or fixed-bed type is provided for crushing agglomerates of solid material such as clinkers, tailoring the radial distribution of reactant gases entering the gasification reaction zone, and control of the radial distribution of downwardly moving solid velocities in the gasification and combustion zone. The clinker crushing is provided by pinching clinkers between vertically oriented stationary bars and angled bars supported on the upper surface of a rotating conical grate. The distribution of the reactant gases is provided by the selective positioning of horizontally oriented passageways extending through the grate. The radial distribution of the solids is provided by mounting a vertically and generally radially extending scoop mechanism on the upper surface of the grate near the apex thereof.
Notestein, John E. (Morgantown, WV)
Notestein, J.E.
Compact Refractive Imaging Spectrometer Designs Utilizing Immersed Gratings
A compact imaging spectrometer comprising an entrance slit for directing light, a first means for receiving the light and focusing the light, an immersed diffraction grating that receives the light from the first means and defracts the light, a second means for receiving the light from the immersed diffraction grating and focusing the light, and an image plane that receives the light from the second means
Lerner, Scott A. (Livermore, CA); Bennett, Charles L. (Livermore, CA); Bixler, Jay V. (Oakland, CA); Kuzmenko, Paul J. (Livermore, CA); Lewis, Isabella T. (San Jose, CA)
Town Known for First Thanksgiving Grateful for Energy Savings | Department
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Town Known for First Thanksgiving Grateful for Energy Savings Town Known for First Thanksgiving Grateful for Energy Savings Town Known for First Thanksgiving Grateful for Energy Savings November 22, 2011 - 3:55pm Addthis Since January, when energy efficiency improvements were made to Memorial Hall, the civic center for the Plymouth, Mass., community, the building's energy savings have been nearly $1,200 per month. | Photo courtesy of the city of Plymouth. Since January, when energy efficiency improvements were made to Memorial Hall, the civic center for the Plymouth, Mass., community, the building's energy savings have been nearly $1,200 per month. | Photo courtesy of the city of Plymouth. Chris Galm Marketing & Communications Specialist, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy What does this project do?
Kinetic analysis of two dimensional metallic grating Cerenkov maser
The dispersion relation of two dimensional metallic grating Cerenkov maser has been given by using kinetic analysis, in which the influence of electron movement is directly considered without using an equivalent dielectric medium assumption. The effects of structural parameters and beam state on the interaction gain and synchronous frequency have also been investigated in detail by numerical calculations. To an illustrative case, the quantitative relations produced from varying the gap distance between electron beam and metallic grating, beam current, electron transverse to axial velocity ratio, and electron axial velocity spread have been obtained. The developed method can be used to predict the real interaction system performances.
Zhao Ding [Key Laboratory of High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)
Controlled angular redirection of light via nanoimprinted disordered gratings
, the daylighting effect vanishes as the system becomes equivalent to an omnidirectional diffuser and transparency (Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1986). 19. M. Kischkoweit-Lopin, "An overview of daylighting systems," Sol gratings are presented in the context of improved interior daylighting and may furthermore be suited
Comparison of a transmission grating spectrometer to a reflective grating spectrometer for standoff laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy measurements
We evaluate a new transmission grating spectrometer for standoff laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) measurements. LIBS spectra collected from standoff distances are often weak, with smaller peaks blending into the background and noise. Scattered light inside the spectrometer can also contribute to poor signal-to-background and signal-to-noise ratios for smaller emission peaks. Further, collecting standoff spectra can be difficult because most spectrometers are designed for laboratory environments and not for measurements in the field. To address these issues, a custom-designed small, lightweight transmission grating spectrometer with no moving parts was built that is well suited for standoff LIBS field measurements. The performance of the spectrometer was quantified through 10 m standoff LIBS measurements collected from aluminum alloy samples and measurements from spectra of a Hg-Ar lamp. The measurements were compared to those collected using a Czerny-Turner reflective grating spectrometer that covered a similar spectral range and used the same ICCD camera. Measurements using the transmission grating spectrometer had a 363% improved signal-to-noise ratio when measured using the 669 nm aluminum emission peak.
Weisberg, Arel; Craparo, Joseph; De Saro, Robert; Pawluczyk, Romuald
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Phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer grating designs
In a phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer, by sending the zeroth-order diffraction to the reference pinhole of the mask and the first-order diffraction to the test beam window of the mask, the test and reference beam intensities can be balanced and the fringe contrast improved. Additionally, using a duty cycle of the diffraction grating other than 50%, the fringe contrast can also be improved.
Naulleau, Patrick (Oakland, CA); Goldberg, Kenneth Alan (Berkeley, CA); Tejnil, Edita (San Carlos, CA)
Sensitivity in X-ray grating interferometry on compact systems
The optimization of compact X-ray grating interferometry systems is crucial for the progress of this technique in industrial devices. Here, an analytical formulation for the sensitivity of the phase contrast image acquisition is derived using previous results from noise analyses. Furthermore, experimental measurements of the sensitivity for different configurations are compared, providing further insight into the dependence on polychromatic radiation. Finally, strategies for the geometrical optimization are given.
Thuering, Thomas; Modregger, Peter; Haemmerle, Stefan; Weiss, Stephan; Nueesch, Joachim; Stampanoni, Marco [Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI (Switzerland) and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich (Switzerland); School of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (Switzerland); SCANCO Medical AG, Bruettisellen (Switzerland)
High temperature metallic diffraction gratings and process of manufacturing same
This invention is comprised of a method of applying diffraction gratings or images directly to the surface of a substrate wherein the gratings or images are capable of withstanding high temperatures, pressures, humidity and other such conditions related to materials testing. The method includes coating the surface of the substrate with an uniform layer of metal which is then overlaid with a layer of photo-resist material. Next, after contacting the photo-resist material with a master image containing regions of opacity and transparency, electromagnetic radiation is directed through the master image to expose the photo-resist material such that a contact print of the master image is produced on the photo-resist material. Then, after removing the master image, the photo-resist material is developed so as to remove unhardened portions thereof and leave corresponding portions of the metal layer uncovered. Finally, after removing or etching the uncovered portions of the metal layer, the remaining photo-resist material is removed to produce a metallic diffraction grating or image of predetermined size and pattern on the surface of the substrate.
Deason, V.A.; Hsu, Karen M.; Miller, R.L.
Apparatus comprising a tunable nanomechanical near-field grating and method for controlling far-field emission
A tunable nanomechanical near-field grating is disclosed which is capable of varying the intensity of a diffraction mode of an optical output signal. The tunable nanomechanical near-field grating includes two sub-gratings each having line-elements with width and thickness less than the operating wavelength of light with which the grating interacts. Lateral apertures in the two sub-gratings are formed from the space between one line-element of the first sub-grating and at least one line-element of the second sub-grating. One of the sub-gratings is capable of motion such that at least one of aperture width and aperture depth changes, causing a perturbation to the near-field intensity distribution of the tunable nanomechanical near-field grating and a corresponding change to the far-field emission of thereof.
Carr, Dustin Wade (Albuquerque, NM); Bogart, Gregory Robert (Corrales, NM)
Compact Reflective Imaging Spectrometer Design Utilizing An Immersed Grating And Anamorphic Mirror
A compact imaging spectrometer comprising an entrance slit, an anamorphic mirror, a grating, and a detector array. The entrance slit directs light to the anamorphic mirror. The anamorphic mirror receives the light and directs the light to the grating. The grating receives the light from the anamorphic mirror and defracts the light back onto the anamorphic mirror. The anamorphic mirror focuses the light onto a detector array.
Lerner, Scott A. (Corvalis, OR)
Broadband light absorption enhancement in polymer photovoltaics using metal nanowall gratings as transparent electrodes
The authors investigate light absorption in organic solar cells in which indium tin oxide (ITO) is replaced by a new metallic architecture (grating) as a transparent electrode. Different from typical metal nanowire gratings, our gratings consist of metal nanowalls with nanoscale footprint and (sub)microscale height [Adv. Mater. 23, 2469 (2011)], thus ensuring high optical transmittance and electrical conductivity. Simulations reveal that a broadband and polarization-insensitive light absorption enhancement is achieved via two mechanisms, when such silver nanowall gratings are employed in P3HT:PCBM based solar cells. Overall absorption enhanced by ~23% compared to a reference cell with ITO electrode.
Ye, Zhuo; Chaudhary, Sumit; Kuang, Ping; Ho, Kai-Ming
Development of pulse laser processing for mounting fiber Bragg grating
Pulse laser processing has been developed for the application of industrial plants in monitoring and maintenance. Surface cleaning by nano-second laser ablation was demonstrated for decontamination of oxide layers of Cr contained steel. Direct writing by femtosecond processing induced a Bragg grating in optical fiber to make it a seismic sensor for structural health monitoring. Adhesive cement was used to fix the seismic sensor on the surface of reactor coolant pipe material. Pulse laser processing and its related technologies were presented to overcome the severe accidents of nuclear power plants.
Nishimura, Aikihko; Shimada, Yukihiro; Yonemoto, Yukihiro; Suzuki, Hirokazu; Ishibashi, Hisayoshi [Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 8-1-7 Umebidai Kidugawa Kyoto 619-0215 (Japan); Applied Laser Technology Institute, Tsuruga Head Office, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 65-20 Kizaki Tsuruga Fukui 914-8585 (Japan); Technical Research and Development Institute, Kumagai Gumi Co., Ltd., 2-1 Tsukudo, Shinjuku Tokyo 162-8557 (Japan)
Interferometric hard x-ray phase contrast imaging at 204 nm grating period
We report on hard x-ray phase contrast imaging experiments using a grating interferometer of approximately 1/10th the grating period achieved in previous studies. We designed the gratings as a staircase array of multilayer stacks which are fabricated in a single thin film deposition process. We performed the experiments at 19 keV x-ray energy and 0.8 {mu}m pixel resolution. The small grating period resulted in clear separation of different diffraction orders and multiple images on the detector. A slitted beam was used to remove overlap of the images from the different diffraction orders. The phase contrast images showed detailed features as small as 10 {mu}m, and demonstrated the feasibility of high resolution x-ray phase contrast imaging with nanometer scale gratings.
Wen Han; Gomella, Andrew A.; Miao, Houxun; Lynch, Susanna K. [Imaging Physic Laboratory, Biophysics and Biochemistry Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 (United States); Wolfe, Douglas E. [Applied Research Laboratory, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16804 (United States); Xiao Xianghui; Liu Chian [X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States); Morgan, Nicole [National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 (United States)
Grating Based, Phase Contrast Radiography with Bremsstrahlung Source
Phase-contrast radiography (PCR) generates an image from gradients in the phase of the probing X-radiation induced by the radiographic object, and can therefore make visible features difficult or impossible to see with conventional, absorption-contrast (ACR) radiography. For any particular object, variations in either the real or imaginary parts of the index of refraction could be greater. Most practical difficulties of PCR arise from the very small deviation from unity (~10-5-10-6, depending of material and energy) of the real part of the index of refraction. In principal, straightforward shadowgraphy would provide a phase-contrast image, but in practice this is usually overwhelmed by the zero-order (bright field) signal. Eliminating this sets the phase-contrast signal against a dark field (as in Schlieren photography with visible light). One way to do this with X-rays is with a grating that produces a Talbot interference pattern. Minute variations in optical path lengths through the radiographic object can significantly shift the Talbot fringes, and these shifts constitute a dark-field signal separate from the zero-order wave. This technique has recently been investigated up to ~20keV [1-3]; this work addresses what sets the practical upper limit, and where that limit is. These appear to be grating fabrication, and ~60keV, respectively.
Fletcher Goldin and Shaun Hampton
High efficiency multilayer blazed gratings for EUV and soft X-rays: Recent developments
Multilayer coated blazed gratings with high groove density are the best candidates for use in high resolution EUV and soft x-ray spectroscopy. Theoretical analysis shows that such a grating can be potentially optimized for high dispersion and spectral resolution in a desired high diffraction order without significant loss of diffraction efficiency. In order to realize this potential, the grating fabrication process should provide a perfect triangular groove profile and an extremely smooth surface of the blazed facets. Here we report on recent progress achieved at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) in fabrication of high quality multilayer coated blazed gratings. The blazed gratings were fabricated using scanning beam interference lithography followed by wet anisotropic etching of silicon. A 200 nm period grating coated with a Mo/Si multilayer composed with 30 bi-layers demonstrated an absolute efficiency of 37.6percent in the 3rd diffraction order at 13.6 nm wavelength. The groove profile of the grating was thoroughly characterized with atomic force microscopy before and after the multilayer deposition. The obtained metrology data were used for simulation of the grating efficiency with the vector electromagnetic PCGrate-6.1 code. The simulations showed that smoothing of the grating profile during the multilayer deposition is the main reason for efficiency losses compared to the theoretical maximum. Investigation of the grating with cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy revealed a complex evolution of the groove profile in the course of the multilayer deposition. Impact of the shadowing and smoothing processes on growth of the multilayer on the surface of the sawtooth substrate is discussed.
Voronov, Dmitriy; Ahn, Minseung; Anderson, Erik; Cambie, Rossana; Chang, Chih-Hao; Goray, Leonid; Gullikson, Eric; Heilmann, Ralf; Salmassi, Farhad; Schattenburg, Mark; Warwick, Tony; Yashchuk, Valeriy; Padmore, Howard
Fabrication and characterization of a new high density Sc/Si multilayer sliced grating
State of the art soft x-ray spectroscopy techniques like Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) require diffraction gratings which can provide extremely high spectral resolution of 105-106. This problem may be addressed with a sliced multilayer grating with an ultra-high groove density (up to 50,000 mm-1) proposed in the recent publication [Voronov, D. L., Cambie, R., Feshchenko, R. M., Gullikson, E., Padmore, H. A., Vinogradov, A. V., Yashchuk, V. V., Proc. SPIE 6705, 67050E (2007)]. It has been suggested to fabricate such a grating by deposition of a soft x-ray multilayer on a substrate which is a blazed saw-tooth grating (echellette) with low groove density. Subsequent polishing applied to the coated grating removes part of the coating and forms an oblique-cut multiline structure that is a sliced multilayer grating. The resulting grating has a short-scale periodicity of lines (bilayers), which is defined by the multilayer period and the oblique-cut angle. We fabricated and tested a Sc/Si multilayer sliced grating suitable for EUV applications, which is a first prototype based on the suggested technique. In order to fabricate an echellette substrate, we used anisotropic KOH etching of a Si wafer. The etching regime was optimized to obtain smooth and flat echellette facets. A Sc/Si multilayer was deposited by dc-magnetron sputtering, and after that it was mechanically polished using a number of diamond pastes. The resulting sliced grating prototype with ~;;270 nm line period has demonstrated a dispersive ability in the 41-49 nm photon wavelength range with a diffraction efficiency of ~;;7percent for the optimized 38th order assigned to the echellette grating of 10 mu m period.
Advanced Light Source; Voronov, Dmitriy L.; Cambie, Rossana; Gullikson, Eric; Yashchuk, Valeriy; Padmore, Howard; Pershin, Yuri; Ponomarenko, Alexander; Kondratenko, Valeriy
Nanomechanical near-field grating apparatus and acceleration sensor formed therefrom
A nanomechanical near-field grating device is disclosed which includes two sub-gratings vertically spaced by a distance less than or equal to an operating wavelength. Each sub-grating includes a plurality of line-elements spaced apart by a distance less than or equal to the operating wavelength. A light source (e.g., a VCSEL or LED) can provide light at the operating wavelength for operation of the device. The device can operate as an active grating, with the intensity of a reflected or transmitted portion of the light varying as the relative positions of the sub-gratings are controlled by an actuator. The device can also operate as a passive grating, with the relative positions of the sub-gratings changing in response to an environmentally-induced force due to acceleration, impact, shock, vibration, gravity, etc. Since the device can be adapted to sense an acceleration that is directed laterally or vertically, a plurality of devices can be located on a common substrate to form a multi-axis acceleration sensor.
Carr, Dustin Wade (Albuquerque, NM); Bogart, Gregory Robert (Corrales, NM); Keeler, Bianca E. N. (Albuquerque, NM)
TGCat : THE CHANDRA TRANSMISSION GRATING DATA CATALOG AND ARCHIVE
The Chandra Transmission Grating Data Archive and Catalog (TGCat) provides easy access to analysis-ready products, specifically, high-resolution X-ray count spectra and their corresponding calibrations. The web interface makes it easy to find observations of a particular object, type of object, or type of observation; to quickly assess the quality and potential usefulness of the spectra from pre-computed summary plots; or to customize a view with an interactive plotter, optionally combining spectra over multiple orders or observations. Data and responses can be downloaded as a package or as individual files, and the query results themselves can be retrieved as ASCII or Virtual Observatory tables. Portable reprocessing scripts used to create the archive and which use the Chandra X-ray Center's (CXC's) software and other publicly available software are also available, facilitating standard or customized reprocessing from Level 1 CXC archival data to spectra and responses with minimal user interaction.
Huenemoerder, David P.; Dewey, Daniel; Nowak, Michael A.; Schulz, Norbert S.; Davis, John E.; Houck, John C.; Marshall, Herman L.; Noble, Michael S.; Canizares, Claude R. [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, 70 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Mitschang, Arik; Nichols, Joy S.; Morgan, Doug [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States)
Improvement of Laser Damage Resistance and Diffraction Efficiency of Multilayer Dielectric Diffraction Gratings by HF-Etchback Linewidth Tailoring
Multilayer dielectric (MLD) diffraction gratings for Petawatt-class laser systems possess unique laser damage characteristics. Details of the shape of the grating lines and the concentration of absorbing impurities on the surface of the grating structures both have strong effects on laser damage threshold. It is known that electric field enhancement in the solid material comprising the grating lines varies directly with the linewidth and inversely with the line height for equivalent diffraction efficiency. Here, they present an overview of laser damage characteristics of MLD gratings, and describe a process for post-processing ion-beam etched grating lines using very dilute buffered hydrofluoric acid solutions. This process acts simultaneously to reduce grating linewidth and remove surface contaminants, thereby improving laser damage thresholds through two pathways.
Nguyen, H T; Larson, C C; Britten, J A
Grating light reflection spectroelectrochemistry for detection of trace amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons in water
Grating light reflection spectroscopy (GLRS) is an emerging technique for spectroscopic analysis and sensing. A transmission diffraction grating is placed in contact with the sample to be analyzed, and an incident light beam is directed onto the grating. At certain angles of incidence, some of the diffracted orders are transformed from traveling waves to evanescent waves. This occurs at a specific wavelength that is a function of the grating period and the complex index of refraction of the sample. The intensities of diffracted orders are also dependent on the sample's complex index of refraction. The authors describe the use of GLRS, in combination with electrochemical modulation of the grating, for the detection of trace amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons. The diffraction grating consisted of chromium lines on a fused silica substrate. The depth of the grating lines was 1 {micro}m, the grating period was 1 {micro}m, and the duty cycle was 50%. Since chromium was not suitable for electrochemical modulation of the analyte concentration, a 200 nm gold layer was deposited over the entire grating. This gold layer slightly degraded the transmission of the grating, but provided satisfactory optical transparency for the spectroelectrochemical experiments. The grating was configured as the working electrode in an electrochemical cell containing water plus trace amounts of the aromatic hydrocarbon analytes. The grating was then electrochemically modulated via cyclic voltammetry waveforms, and the normalized intensity of the zero order reflection was simultaneously measured. The authors discuss the lower limits of detection (LLD) for two analytes, 7-dimethylamino-1,2-benzophenoxazine (Meldola's Blue dye) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), probed with an incident HeNe laser beam ({lambda} = 543.5 nm) at an incident angle of 52.5{degree}. The LLD for 7-dimethylamino-1,2-benzophenoxazine is approximately 50 parts per billion (ppb), while the LLD for TNT is approximately 50 parts per million (ppm). The possible factors contributing to the differences in LLD for these analytes are discussed. This is the final report for a Sandia National Laboratories Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project conducted during fiscal years 1998 and 1999 (case number 3518.190).
A grateful dead analysis: the relationship between concert and listening behavior
The Grateful Dead was an American band born out of the 1960s San Francisco, California psychedelic movement, that played music together from 1965 to 1995. Despite relatively little popular radio airtime, while on tour the Grateful Dead enjoyed a cult-like following from a fan base that numbered in the millions. Still today, some ten years after dissolution, the band remains popular according to online music services, such as last.fm. This article presents a comparative analysis between 1,590 of the Grateful Dead's live concert set lists from 1972 to 1995 and 2,616,990 Grateful Dead listening events by last.fm users from August 2005 to October 2007. While there is a strong correlation between how songs were played in concert and how they were listened to by last.fm members, the outlying songs in this trend identify interesting aspects of the band and their present-day fans.
Rodriguez, Marko A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gintautas, Vadas [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Pepe, Alberto [U.OF CA AT LA
Elimination of higher-order diffraction using zigzag transmission grating in soft x-ray region
We present a realization of the sinusoidal transmission function using a series of zigzag-profiled strips where the transmission takes on the binary values 0 and 1 in a two-dimensional distribution. A zigzag transmission grating of 1000 line/mm has been fabricated and demonstrated on the soft x-ray beam of synchrotron radiation. The axial single-order diffraction indicates that the zigzag transmission grating is adequate for spectroscopic application.
Zang, H. P.; Wang, C. K. [Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900 (China); Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 (China); Gao, Y. L.; Zhou, W. M.; Kuang, L. Y.; Wei, L.; Fan, W.; Zhang, W. H.; Zhao, Z. Q.; Cao, L. F.; Gu, Y. Q.; Zhang, B. H. [Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900 (China); Jiang, G. [Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 (China); Zhu, X. L.; Xie, C. Q. [Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 (China); Zhao, Y. D.; Cui, M. Q. [Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China)
Acceleration of non-relativistic electrons at a dielectric grating structure: Status report
We report on an experiment aiming at a proof-of-concept of a non-relativistic direct laser accelerator. The system is based on a fused-silica transmission grating illuminated by Titanium:sapphire femtosecond pulses in order to excite evanescent spatial modes, which propagate synchronously with 28 keV electrons originating from an electron column of a scanning electron microscope. The grating period is 750 nm, and we use the third spatial harmonic to continuously accelerate the non-relativistic electrons. With a laser pulse energy of about 150 nJ numerical simulations show expected accelerating gradients of up to 60 MeV/m and an energy gain of around 300 eV at a distance of 100 nm away from the grating surface. The current status of the experiment is reported.
Breuer, John; Hommelhoff, Peter [Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
Dual transmission grating based imaging radiometer for tokamak edge and divertor plasmas
The designs of single transmission grating based extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) imaging spectrometers can be adapted to build an imaging radiometer for simultaneous measurement of both spectral ranges. This paper describes the design of such an imaging radiometer with dual transmission gratings. The radiometer will have an XUV coverage of 20-200 A with a {approx}10 A resolution and a VUV coverage of 200-2000 A with a {approx}50 A resolution. The radiometer is designed to have a spatial view of 16 Degree-Sign , with a 0.33 Degree-Sign resolution and a time resolution of {approx}10 ms. The applications for such a radiometer include spatially resolved impurity monitoring and electron temperature measurements in the tokamak edge and the divertor. As a proof of principle, the single grating instruments were used to diagnose a low temperature reflex discharge and the relevant data is also included in this paper.
Kumar, Deepak; Clayton, Daniel J.; Parman, Matthew; Stutman, Dan; Tritz, Kevin; Finkenthal, Michael [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 (United States)
Production of Gratings for High-Energy Petawatt-Class Lasers
At the time of this writing, we have manufactured and delivered more than 25 multilayer dielectric diffraction gratings from 470-800 mm in long aperture for pulse compression on Petawatt-class,1-micron laser systems being built at government and university facilities in the U.S and elsewhere. We present statistics of diffraction efficiency and its spatial uniformity, diffracted wavefront, and laser damage results on witness gratings. We also discuss yield, failure modes, and manufacturing improvements necessary to improve upon the current state of the art.
Nguyen, H T; Carlson, T C; Hoaglan, C R; Nissen, J D; Aasen, M D; Peterson, J E; Jovanovic, I; Brewer, S W; Britten, J A
Fabrication and characterization of analyzer gratings with high aspect ratios for phase contrast imaging using a Talbot interferometer
In recent years, X-ray imaging based on the differential phase contrast gained more and more attention to be used in X-ray imaging. Among other techniques like crystal-based diffraction and propagation methods, the grating based Talbot interferometry offers an approach measuring phase modulations of X-rays while passing low absorbing objects. The Talbot interferometer yields for highly efficient X-ray imaging signals for hard X-rays with energies above 10 keV. One factor with high impact on the imaging performance of such grating interferometers is the gratings quality. We introduce a fabrication process allowing both, the fabrication of phase modulating and analyzer gratings with high aspect ratios, up to 100. Structural deviations from the optimal geometry of the gratings are investigated and their influence on the obtained image quality is discussed.
Kenntner, Johannes; Altapova, Venera; Grund, Thomas; Pantenburg, Franz Josef; Meiser, Jan; Baumbach, Tilo; Mohr, Juergen [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Laboratory for Application of Synchrotron Radiation, 76128 Karlsruhe (Germany); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Laboratory for Application of Synchrotron Radiation, 76128 Karlsruhe (Germany); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany)
Diffraction efficiency of 200-nm-period critical-angle transmission gratings in the soft x-ray and extreme ultraviolet wavelength bands
We report on measurements of the diffraction efficiency of 200-nm-period freestanding blazed transmission gratings for wavelengths in the 0.96 to 19.4 nm range. These critical-angle transmission (CAT) gratings achieve highly efficient blazing over a broad band via total external reflection off the sidewalls of smooth, tens of nanometer thin ultrahigh aspect-ratio silicon grating bars and thus combine the advantages of blazed x-ray reflection gratings with those of more conventional x-ray transmission gratings. Prototype gratings with maximum depths of 3.2 and 6 {mu}m were investigated at two different blaze angles. In these initial CAT gratings the grating bars are monolithically connected to a cross support mesh that only leaves less than half of the grating area unobstructed. Because of our initial fabrication approach, the support mesh bars feature a strongly trapezoidal cross section that leads to varying CAT grating depths and partial absorption of diffracted orders. While theory predicts broadband absolute diffraction efficiencies as high as 60% for ideal CAT gratings without a support mesh, experimental results show efficiencies in the range of {approx}50-100% of theoretical predictions when taking the effects of the support mesh into account. Future minimization of the support mesh therefore promises broadband CAT grating absolute diffraction efficiencies of 50% or higher.
Heilmann, Ralf K.; Ahn, Minseung; Bruccoleri, Alex; Chang, Chih-Hao; Gullikson, Eric M.; Mukherjee, Pran; Schattenburg, Mark L.
Picosecond polarization-selective transient grating experiments in sodium-seeded flames
techniques such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) ,2V3laser induced fluorescence (LIF),4 the laser beams (CARS and FWM), of a different frequency than some or all of the laser beams (LIF, CARS) Electric field picture for one fringe of an intensity grating. The electric field amplitude varies
Fayer, Michael D.
Improved grating and bar cell models in cortical area V1 and texture coding
This paper presents improved models of cortical neurons in V1 that act like grating and bar detectors. Both models use the same frontend, which consists of a contrast normalisation in combination with isotropic DOG filtering, followed by anisotropic ... Keywords: Computational models, Cortical cells, Diatoms, Groupings, Symmetry order, Texture analysis
J. M. H. du Buf
X-ray Grating Interferometry at ESRF: Applications and Recent Technical Developments
We report on the implementation of X-ray grating interferometry at the imaging beamline ID19 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). We give a brief overview of the results obtained so far with this instrument and on ongoing developments.
Weitkamp, T. [Synchrotron Soleil, Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Zanette, I.; Bernard, P.; Valade, J.-P.; Baruchel, J. [European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble (France); Schulz, G.; Lang, S.; Deyhle, H.; Mueller, B. [Biomaterials Science Center, University of Basel, Basel (Switzerland); Bech, M.; Tapfer, A.; Pfeiffer, F. [Physik-Department E17, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen (Germany); Rutishauser, S.; Donath, T.; David, C. [Labor fuer Mikro- und Nanotechnologie, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland); Reznikova, E.; Kenntner, J.; Mohr, J. [Institut fuer Mikrostrukturtechnik, Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie (KIT), Karlsruhe (Germany)
In-Situ Continuous Detonation Velocity Measurements Using Fiber-optic Bragg Grating Sensors
In order to fully calibrate hydrocodes and dynamic chemistry burn models, initiation and detonation research requires continuous measurement of low order detonation velocities as the detonation runs up to full order detonation for a given density and initiation pressure pulse. A novel detector of detonation velocity is presented using a 125 micron diameter optical fiber with an integral chirped fiber Bragg grating as an intrinsic sensor. This fiber is embedded in the explosive under study and interrogated during detonation as the fiber Bragg grating scatters light back along the fiber to a photodiode, producing a return signal dependant on the convolution integral of the grating reflection bandpass, the ASE intensity profile and the photodetector response curve. Detonation velocity is measured as the decrease in reflected light exiting the fiber as the grating is consumed when the detonation reaction zone proceeds along the fiber sensor axis. This small fiber probe causes minimal perturbation to the detonation wave and can measure detonation velocities along path lengths tens of millimeters long. Experimental details of the associated equipment and preliminary data in the form of continuous detonation velocity records within nitromethane and PBX-9502 are presented.
Benterou, J; Udd, E; Wilkins, P; Roeske, F; Roos, E; Jackson, D
Experimental observation of plasmons in a graphene monolayer resting on a two-dimensional subwavelength silicon grating
We experimentally demonstrate graphene-plasmon polariton excitation in a continuous graphene monolayer resting on a two-dimensional subwavelength silicon grating. The subwavelength silicon grating is fabricated by a nanosphere lithography technique with a self-assembled nanosphere array as a template. Measured transmission spectra illustrate the excitation of graphene-plasmon polaritons, which is further supported by numerical simulations and theoretical prediction of plasmonband diagrams. Our grating-assisted coupling to graphene-plasmon polaritons forms an important platform for graphene-based opto-electronics applications.
Zhu, Xiaolong; Jepsen, Peter Uhd; Hansen, Ole; Mortensen, N Asger; Xiao, Sanshui
ASE Suppression in a Diode-Pumped Nd:YLF Regenerative Amplifier Using a Volume Bragg Grating
Instrument-limited suppression of out-of-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is demonstrated for the first time in a Nd:YLF diode-pumped regenerative amplifier using a volume Bragg grating (VBG) as a cavity mirror.
Okishev, A.V.; Dorrer, C.; Smirnov, V.I.; Glebov, L.B.; Zuegel, J.D.
Design and analysis of a scanning beam interference lithography system for patterning gratings with nanometer-level distortions
This thesis describes the design and analysis of a system for patterning large-area gratings with nanometer level phase distortions. The novel patterning method, termed scanning beam interference lithography (SBIL), uses ...
Konkola, Paul Thomas, 1973-
Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors R&D for Nuclear Power Applications
Fiber-optic sensors offer a broad range of advantages over traditional electrical sensors. These advantages include electromagnetic immunity, significantly lower signal transmission loss, high signal transfer rate (or wide operating spectrum), and better multiplexing capability. Among the many types of fiber-optic sensors, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors stand out because of their simple mechanical structure, ease of compliance with industrial standards, simple multiplexing, and adaptable manufacturing...
Binary Pseudo-Random Gratings and Arrays for Calibration of Modulation Transfer Functions of Surface Profilometers
A technique for precise measurement of the modulation transfer function (MTF), suitable for characterization of a broad class of surface profilometers, is investigated in detail. The technique suggested in [Proc. SPIE 7077-7, (2007), Opt. Eng. 47(7), 073602-1-5 (2008)]is based on use of binary pseudo-random (BPR) gratings and arrays as standard MTF test surfaces. Unlike most conventional test surfaces, BPR gratings and arrays possess white-noise-like inherent power spectral densities (PSD), allowing the direct determination of the one- and two-dimensional MTF, respectively, with a sensitivity uniform over the entire spatial frequency range of a profiler. In the cited work, a one dimensional realization of the suggested method based on use of BPR gratings has been demonstrated. Here, a high-confidence of the MTF calibration technique is demonstrated via cross comparison measurements of a number of two dimensional BPR arrays using two different interferometric microscopes and a scatterometer. We also present the results of application of the experimentally determined MTF correction to the measurement taken with the MicromapTM-570 interferometric microscope of the surface roughness of a super-polished test mirror. In this particular case, without accounting for the instrumental MTF, the surface rms roughness over half of the instrumental spatial frequency bandwidth would be underestimated by a factor of approximately 1.4.
Barber, Samuel K.; Anderson, Erik D.; Cambie, Rossana; McKinney, Wayne R.; Takacs, Peter Z.; Stover, John C.; Voronov, Dmitriy L.; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.
Dynamics of Jacobi's elliptic spatial waves in a nonlinear optical grating
This paper presents the results of our study on the dynamics of Jacobi's elliptic spatial waves in a nonlinear optical grating based on a generalized coupled-mode model. We discuss the characteristics of their amplitudes, widths, and spatial periods as well as their bifurcation in the associated phase plane. Our study on the dynamical propagation of perturbed profiles reveal that these waves can suffer breathing and broadening due to the diffraction effect. A remarkable split-off phenomenon of a spatial wave with wide stripes into several narrow and shallow oblique stripes is observed, as well as their passing and bouncing collisions.
Alatas, Husin [Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Meranti, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680 (Indonesia)
Simultaneous maximum-likelihood reconstruction for x-ray grating based phase-contrast tomography avoiding intermediate phase retrieval
Phase-wrapping artifacts, statistical image noise and the need for a minimum amount of phase steps per projection limit the practicability of x-ray grating based phase-contrast tomography, when using filtered back projection reconstruction. For conventional x-ray computed tomography, the use of statistical iterative reconstruction algorithms has successfully reduced artifacts and statistical issues. In this work, an iterative reconstruction method for grating based phase-contrast tomography is presented. The method avoids the intermediate retrieval of absorption, differential phase and dark field projections. It directly reconstructs tomographic cross sections from phase stepping projections by the use of a forward projecting imaging model and an appropriate likelihood function. The likelihood function is then maximized with an iterative algorithm. The presented method is tested with tomographic data obtained through a wave field simulation of grating based phase-contrast tomography. The reconstruction result...
Ritter, Andr�; Durst, J�rgen; G�del, Karl; Haas, Wilhelm; Michel, Thilo; Rieger, Jens; Weber, Thomas; Wucherer, Lukas; Anton, Gisela
Surface relief grating in azo-polymer obtained for s-s polarization configuration of the writing beams
The paper reports on the formation of the surface relief gratings in thin films of the azobenzene-functionalized polymer. We evidence that the efficiency of the formation process of the surface relief gratings strongly depends on the length of the main polymer chains in the case of the s-s configuration. The explanation of this relationship is given and is based on the revealing of the differences in the ability of the motion of the main chain which is strictly related to its length.
Sobolewska, Anna; Bartkiewicz, Stanislaw [Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw (Poland)
Modelling of a diode laser with a resonant grating of quantum wells and an external mirror
A three-dimensional numerical model of a diode laser with a resonant grating of quantum wells (QWs) and an external mirror is developed and used to calculate diode laser pulses that are long compared to the time of reaching a stationary regime and are short enough to neglect heating of the medium. The consistent solutions of the Helmholtz field equation and the system of diffusion equations for inversion in each QW are found. A source of charge carriers can be both an electron beam and a pump laser beam. The calculations yielded the longitudinal and radial profiles of the generated field, as well as its wavelength and power. The effective threshold pump current is determined. In the created iteration algorithm, the calculation time linearly increases with the number of QWs, which allows one to find the characteristics of lasers with a large number of QWs. The output powers and beam divergence angles of a cylindrical laser are calculated for different cavity lengths and pump spot radii. After calculating the fundamental mode characteristics, high-order modes were additionally calculated on the background of the frozen carrier distributions in the QW grating. It is shown that all the competing modes remain below the excitation threshold for the pump powers used in the experiment. The calculated and experimental data for the case of pumping by a nanosecond electron beam are qualitatively compared.
Vysotskii, D V; Elkin, N N; Napartovich, A P; Kozlovskii, Vladimir I; Lavrushin, B M
Noise in x-ray grating-based phase-contrast imaging
Purpose: Grating-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging is a fast developing new modality not only for medical imaging, but as well for other fields such as material sciences. While these many possible applications arise, the knowledge of the noise behavior is essential. Methods: In this work, the authors used a least squares fitting algorithm to calculate the noise behavior of the three quantities absorption, differential phase, and dark-field image. Further, the calculated error formula of the differential phase image was verified by measurements. Therefore, a Talbot interferometer was setup, using a microfocus x-ray tube as source and a Timepix detector for photon counting. Additionally, simulations regarding this topic were performed. Results: It turned out that the variance of the reconstructed phase is only dependent of the total number of photons used to generate the phase image and the visibility of the experimental setup. These results could be evaluated in measurements as well as in simulations. Furthermore, the correlation between absorption and dark-field image was calculated. Conclusions: These results provide the understanding of the noise characteristics of grating-based phase-contrast imaging and will help to improve image quality.
Weber, Thomas; Bartl, Peter; Bayer, Florian; Durst, Juergen; Haas, Wilhelm; Michel, Thilo; Ritter, Andre; Anton, Gisela [ECAP--Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen (Germany); Pattern Recognition Lab, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany and ECAP--Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen (Germany); ECAP--Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen (Germany)
Integrated municipal solid waste treatment using a grate furnace incinerator: The Indaver case
An integrated installation for treatment of municipal solid waste and comparable waste from industrial origin is described. It consists of three grate furnace lines with flue gas treatment by half-wet scrubbing followed by wet scrubbing, and an installation for wet treatment of bottom ash. It is demonstrated that this integrated installation combines high recovery of energy (40.8% net) with high materials recovery. The following fractions were obtained after wet treatment of the bottom ash: ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, three granulate fractions with different particle sizes, and sludge. The ferrous and non-ferrous metal fractions can both be recycled as high quality raw materials; the two larger particle size particle fractions can be applied as secondary raw materials in building applications; the sand fraction can be used for applications on a landfill; and the sludge is landfilled. For all components of interest, emissions to air are below the limit values. The integrated grate furnace installation is characterised by zero wastewater discharge and high occupational safety. Moreover, with the considered installation, major pollutants, such as PCDD/PCDF, Hg and iodine-136 are to a large extent removed from the environment and concentrated in a small residual waste stream (flue gas cleaning residue), which can be landfilled after stabilisation.
Vandecasteele, C. [Department of Chemical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, De Croylaan 46, 3001 Leuven (Belgium)], E-mail: email@example.com; Wauters, G. [Indaver, Dijle 17a, 2800 Mechelen (Belgium); Arickx, S. [Department of Chemical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, De Croylaan 46, 3001 Leuven (Belgium); Jaspers, M. [Indaver, Dijle 17a, 2800 Mechelen (Belgium); Van Gerven, T. [Department of Chemical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, De Croylaan 46, 3001 Leuven (Belgium)
Efficiency enhancement in a light-emitting diode with a two-dimensional surface grating photonic crystal
Efficiency enhancement in a light-emitting diode with a two-dimensional surface grating photonic 21 November 2003 We demonstrate a light-emitting diode exhibiting 1.72.7-fold enhancement in light light emitting diode LED , the ef- ficiency is limited to several percents by a low light extrac- tion
Baba, Toshihiko
The Influence of Flue Gas Recirculation on the Formation of NOx in the Process of Coal Grate-Fired
With the improvement of environmental protection requirements, the problems of NOx emission from industrial boiler become more and more notable. To explore a real effective method of low NOx combustion, the article discusses the influence of flue gas ... Keywords: flue gas recirculation, grate-fired, temperature, Nox
Li Xu; Jianmin Gao; Guangbo Zhao; Laifu Zhao; Zhifeng Zhao; Shaohua Wu
A soft x-ray transmission grating imaging-spectrometer for the National Ignition Facility
A soft x-ray transmission grating spectrometer has been designed for use on high energy-density physics experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF); coupled to one of the NIF gated x-ray detectors (GXD) it records sixteen time-gated spectra between 250 and 1000eV with 100ps temporal resolution. The trade-off between spectral and spatial resolution leads to an optimized design for measurement of emission around the peak of a 100-300eV blackbody spectrum. Performance qualification results from the NIF, the Trident Laser Facility and VUV beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), evidence a <100{micro}m spatial resolution in combination with a source-size limited spectral resolution that is <10eV at photon energies of 300eV.
Moore, A S; Guymer, T M; Kline, J L; Morton, J; Taccetti, M; Lanier, N E; Bentley, C; Workman, J; Peterson, B; Mussack, K; Cowan, J; Prasad, R; Richardson, M; Burns, S; Kalantar, D H; Benedetti, L R; Bell, P; Bradley, D; Hsing, W; Stevenson, M
Beam dynamics and wakefield simulations of the double grating accelerating structure
Laser-driven acceleration in dielectric structures can provide gradients on the order of GeV/m. The small transverse dimension and tiny feature sizes introduce challenges in design, fabrication, and simulation studies of these structures. In this paper we present the results of beam dynamic simulation and short range longitudinal wakefield simulation of the double grating structure. We show the linear trend of acceleration in a dielectric accelerator design and calculate the maximum achievable gradient equal to 0.47E{sub 0} where E0 is maximum electric field of the laser excitation. On the other hand, using wakefield simulations, we show that the loss factor of the structure with 400nm gap size will be 0.12GV/m for a 10fC, 100as electron bunch which is an order of magnitude less than expected gradient near damage threshold of the device.
Najafabadi, B. Montazeri; Byer, R. L.; Ng, C. K.; England, R. J.; Peralta, E. A.; Soong, K.; Noble, R.; Wu, Z. [Stanford University, Stanford, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA (United States)
A soft x-ray transmission grating spectrometer has been designed for use on high energy-density physics experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF); coupled to one of the NIF gated x-ray detectors it records 16 time-gated spectra between 250 and 1000 eV with 100 ps temporal resolution. The trade-off between spectral and spatial resolution leads to an optimized design for measurement of emission around the peak of a 100-300 eV blackbody spectrum. Performance qualification results from the NIF, the Trident Laser Facility and vacuum ultraviolet beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source, evidence a <100 {mu}m spatial resolution in combination with a source-size limited spectral resolution that is <10 eV at photon energies of 300 eV.
Moore, A. S.; Guymer, T. M.; Morton, J.; Bentley, C.; Stevenson, M. [Directorate Science and Technology, AWE Aldermaston, Reading, RG7 4PR (United Kingdom); Kline, J. L.; Taccetti, M.; Lanier, N. E.; Workman, J.; Peterson, B.; Mussack, K.; Cowan, J. [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 (United States); Prasad, R.; Richardson, M.; Burns, S.; Kalantar, D. H.; Benedetti, L. R.; Bell, P.; Bradley, D.; Hsing, W. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808 (United States)
Diffraction at a time grating in above-threshold ionization: The influence of the Coulomb potential
We analyze the photoelectron emission spectrum in atomic above-threshold ionization by a linearly polarized short-laser pulse. Direct electrons can be characterized by both intracycle and intercycle interferences. The former results from the coherent superposition of two different electron trajectories released in the same optical cycle, whereas the latter is the consequence of the superposition of multiple trajectories released in different cycles. In the present article, a semiclassical analytical expression for the complete (both intracycle and intercycle) interference pattern is derived. We show that the recently proposed semiclassical description in terms of a diffraction process at a time grating remains qualitatively unchanged in the presence of the long-range Coulomb potential. The latter causes only a phase shift of the intracycle interference pattern. We verify the predictions of the semiclassical model by comparison with full three-dimensional (3D) time-dependent Schroedinger equation (TDSE) solutions. One key finding is that the subcycle interference structures originating from trajectories launched within a time interval of less than 1 femtosecond should be experimentally observable also in low-resolution spectra for longer multicycle pulses.
Arbo, Diego G. [Institute for Astronomy and Space Physics, IAFE (CONICET-UBA), CC 67, Suc. 28 (1428) Buenos Aires (Argentina); Department of Physics, FCEN, University of Buenos Aires (Argentina); Ishikawa, Kenichi L. [Photon Science Center, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan); Schiessl, Klaus; Persson, Emil; Burgdoerfer, Joachim [Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/136, A-1040 Vienna (Austria)
Barbara M. Moskal 1. PERSONAL DATA
of the Society. citizenship, gender, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do electron microscope (SEM) petrographic analy- sis with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Two different is funded by the UK Energy Research Centre; Haszeldine is funded by the Scottish Centre for Carbon Storage
423A HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING/NUMERICAL The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications,
423A HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING/NUMERICAL The International Journal of High Performance Computing and barriers in the development of high-performance computing (HPC) algorithms and software. The activity has computing, numerical analy- sis, roadmap, applications and algorithms, software 1 The High-performance
Higham, Nicholas J.
Simulating household activities to lower consumption peaks: demonstration
Energy experts need fine-grained dynamics oriented tools to investigate household activities in order to improve power management in the residential sector. This paper presents the SMACH framework for modelling, simulating and analy- sis of household ... Keywords: agent-based modelling, energy, social simulation
Edouard Amouroux, Francois Semp�, Thomas Huraux, Nicolas Sabouret, Yvon Haradji
Securing Energy Metering Software with Automatic Source Code Correction
Securing Energy Metering Software with Automatic Source Code Correction Ib´eria Medeiros University of energy and achieving cost savings. This monitoring often involves energy metering software with a web of energy production have been fostering the monitoring and analy- sis of electricity consumption
Neves, Nuno
Geophys. J. Int. (2006) 166, 10151038 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03066.x GJIGeodesy,potentialfieldandappliedgeophysics
in Environmental Science), 1973 Colby College (10 lectures on Graph Theory and its Applications to Problems of Soci., Sterling Forest, NY, 1973 Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development Seminar on Structural Analy- sis, Paris, 1973 SIAM Nat'l Meeting, Cal Tech, 1974 New York Academy of Sciences, 1974 National Asso
Watts, A. B. "Tony"
Conformal growth of Mo/Si multilayers on grating substrates using collimated ion beam sputtering
Deposition of multilayers on saw-tooth substrates is a key step in the fabrication of multilayer blazed gratings (MBG) for extreme ultraviolet and soft x-rays. Growth of the multilayers can be perturbed by shadowing effects caused by the highly corrugated surface of the substrates, which results in distortion of the multilayer stack structure and degradation of performance of MBGs. To minimize the shadowing effects we used an ionbeam sputtering machine with a highly collimated atomic flux to deposit Mo/Si multilayers on saw-tooth substrates. The sputtering conditions were optimized by finding a balance between smoothening and roughening processes in order to minimize degradation of the groove profile in the course of deposition and at the same time to keep the interfaces of a multilayer stack smooth enough for high efficiency. An optimal value of energy of 200 eV for sputtering Kr{sup +} ions was found by deposition of test multilayers on flat substrates at a range of ion energies. Two saw-tooth substrates were deposited at energies of 200 eV and 700 eV for the sputtering ions. It was found that reduction of the ion energy improved the blazing performance of the MBG and resulted in a 40% gain in the diffraction efficiency due to better replication of the groove profile by the multilayer. As a result of the optimization performed, an absolute diffraction efficiency of 28.8% was achieved for the 2nd blaze order of the MBG with a groove density of 7350 lines/mm at a wavelength of 13.5 nm. Details of the growth behavior of the multilayers on flat and saw-tooth substrates are discussed in terms of the Linear Continuous Model of film growth.
Gawlitza, Peter; Cambie, Rossana; Dhuey, Scott; Gullikson, Eric; Warwick, Tony; Braun, Stefan; Yashchuk, Valeriy; Padmore, Howard
Deposition of multilayers on saw-tooth substrates is a key step in the fabrication of multilayer blazed gratings (MBG) for extreme ultraviolet and soft x-rays. Growth of the multilayers can be perturbed by shadowing effects caused by the highly corrugated surface of the substrates, which results in distortion of the multilayer stack structure and degradation of performance of MBGs. To minimize the shadowing effects, we used an ion-beam sputtering machine with a highly collimated atomic flux to deposit Mo/Si multilayers on saw-tooth substrates. The sputtering conditions were optimized by finding a balance between smoothening and roughening processes in order to minimize degradation of the groove profile in the course of deposition and at the same time to keep the interfaces of a multilayer stack smooth enough for high efficiency. An optimal value of energy of 200 eV for sputtering Kr{sup +} ions was found by deposition of test multilayers on flat substrates at a range of ion energies. Two saw-tooth substrates were deposited at energies of 200 eV and 700 eV for the sputtering ions. It was found that reduction of the ion energy improved the blazing performance of the MBG and resulted in a 40% gain in the diffraction efficiency due to better replication of the groove profile by the multilayer. As a result of the optimization performed, an absolute diffraction efficiency of 28.8% was achieved for the 2nd blaze order of the MBG with a groove density of 7350 lines/mm at a wavelength of 13.5 nm. Details of the growth behavior of the multilayers on flat and saw-tooth substrates are discussed in terms of the linear continuous model of film growth.
Voronov, D. L.; Cambie, R.; Dhuey, S.; Gullikson, E. M.; Warwick, T.; Yashchuk, V. V.; Padmore, H. A. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States); Gawlitza, P.; Braun, S. [Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology, Winterbergstrasse 28, 01277 Dresden (Germany)
Variable Spaced Grating (VSG) Snout, Rotator and Rails for use at LLE
The Variable Spaced Grating (VSG) is a spectrometer snout mounted to an X-Ray Framing Camera (XRFC) through the Unimount flange. This equipment already exists and is used at the University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) facility. The XRFC and the Unimount flange are designed by LLE. The Tilt Rotator fixture that mounts next to the XRFC and the cart rails are designed by LLNL, and are included in this safety note. The other related components, such as the TIM rails and the Unimount flange, are addressed in a separate safety note, EDSN09-500005-AA. The Multipurpose Spectrometer (MSPEC) and VSG are mounted on the TIM Boat through the cart rails that are very similar in design. The tilt rotator combination with the Unimount flange is also a standard mounting procedure. The later mounting system has been included in this safety note. Figure-1 shows the interface components and the VSG snout. Figure-2 shows the VSG assembly mounted on the Unimount flange. The calibration pointer attachment is shown in place of the snout. There are two types of VSG, one made of 6061-T6 aluminum, weighing approximately 3 pounds, and the other made of 304 stainless steel, weighing approximately 5.5 pounds. This safety note examines the VSG steel design. Specific experiments may require orienting the VSG snout in 90 degrees increment with respect to the Unimount flange. This is done by changing the bolts position on the VSG-main body adapter flange to the Unimount adapter plate. There is no hazard involved in handling the VSG during this procedure as it is done outside the target chamber on the cart rail before installing on the TIM. This safety note addresses the mechanical integrity of the VSG structure, the tilt rotating fixture, the cart rails with handle and their connections. Safety Factors are also calculated for the MSPEC in place of the VSG.
Mukherjee, S K; Emig, J A; Griffith, L V; Heeter, R F; House, F A; James, D L; Schneider, M B; Sorce, C M
Spectral Filtering in a Diode-Pumped Nd:YLF Regenerative Amplifier Using a Volume Bragg Grating
Instrument-limited suppression of out-of-band Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) is demonstrated in a Nd:YLF Diode-Pumped Regenerative Amplifier (DPRA) using a Volume Bragg Grating (VBG) as a spectrally selective reflective element. A VBG with 99.4% diffraction efficiency and 230-pm-FWHM reflection bandwidth produced a 43-pm-FWHM output spectral width in an unseeded DPRA compared to 150-pm FWHM in the same DPRA with no VBG. Instrument-limited ASE suppression is even observed when the DPRA seed pulse energy approaches the ASE background.
At-wavelength characterization of refractive x-ray lenses using a two-dimensional grating interferometer
We report on the application of a two-dimensional hard x-ray grating interferometer to x-ray optics metrology. The interferometer is sensitive to refraction angles in two perpendicular directions with a precision of 10 nrad. It is used to observe the wavefront changes induced by a single parabolic beryllium focusing lens of large radius of curvature. The lens shape is reconstructed and its residual aberrations are analyzed. Its profile differs from an ideal parabolic shape by less than 2 {mu}m or {lambda}/50 at {lambda} = 0.54 A wavelength.
Rutishauser, Simon; David, Christian [Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI (Switzerland); Zanette, Irene [European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble (France); Weitkamp, Timm [Synchrotron Soleil, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Donath, Tilman [Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI (Switzerland); Dectris Ltd., 5400 Baden (Switzerland)
International Energy Outlook 1998
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
8) 8) Dis tri bu tion Cate gory UC-950 In ter na tional En ergy Out look 1998 April 1998 En ergy In for ma tion Ad min istra tion Of fice of In te grated Analy sis and Fore cast ing U.S. De part ment of En ergy Wash ing ton, DC 20585 This re port was pre pared by the En ergy In for ma tion Ad min istra tion, the in de pend ent sta tis ti cal and ana lyti cal agency within the De part ment of En ergy. The in for ma tion con tained herein should be at trib uted to the En ergy In for ma tion Ad min istra tion and should not be con strued as ad vo cat ing or re flect ing any pol icy po si tion of the De part ment of En ergy or of any other or gani za tion. Con tacts The Inter na tional Energy Out look is pre pared by the Energy Infor ma tion Admin istra tion (EIA). Gen eral
In-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer composed of microtaper and long-period grating in all-solid photonic bandgap fiber
We report a compact in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer combining a microtaper with a long-period grating (LPG) in a section of all-solid photonic bandgap fiber. Theoretical and experimental investigations reveal that the interferometer works from the interference between the fundamental core mode and the LP{sub 01} cladding supermodes. The mechanism underlying the mode coupling caused by the microtaper can be attributed to a bandgap-shifting as the fiber diameter is abruptly scaled down. In addition, the interferometer designed to strengthen the coupling ratio of the long-period grating has a promising practical application in the simultaneous measurement of curvature and temperature.
Wu Zhifang [Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Technology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China); OPTIMUS, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637553 (Singapore); Liu Yange; Wang Zhi; Han Tingting; Li Shuo [Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Technology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China); Jiang Meng; Ping Shum, Perry [OPTIMUS, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637553 (Singapore); CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Level 6, Singapore 637553 (Singapore); Quyen Dinh, Xuan [CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Level 6, Singapore 637553 (Singapore); Thales Solutions Asia Pte Ltd, R and T Department, 28 Changi North Rise, Singapore 498755 (Singapore)
Investigation of the signature of lung tissue in X-ray grating-based phase-contrast imaging
Purpose: Grating-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging is a promising modality increasing the soft tissue contrast in medical imaging. In this work, the signature of lung tissue in X-ray grating-based physe-contrast imaging is investigated. Methods: We used a Talbot-Lau interferometer for our investigations of two C57BL/6 mice. Both underwent projection imaging and computed tomography. Results: The results show that the three images obtained by X-ray phase-contrast imaging show complementary anatomical structures. Especially the dark field image allows a more-exact determination of the position of the lung in the chest cavity. Conclusion: Due to its sensitivity to granular structures, the dark field image may be used for the diagnosis of lung diseases in earlier stages or without a CT scan. Furthermore, X-ray phase-contrast imaging may also have great potential in the application of animal laboratory sciences to reduce the number of required animals used in long-term translational, toxicity, and regenerative med...
Weber, Thomas; Haas, Wilhelm; Pelzer, Georg; Rieger, Jens; Ritter, Andr�; Wucherer, Lukas; Braun, Jan Matthias; Durst, J�rgen; Michel, Thilo; Anton, Gisela
Optical Transient-Grating Measurements of Spin Diffusion andRelaxation in a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas
Spin diffusion in n-GaAs quantum wells, as measured by our optical transient-grating technique, is strongly suppressed relative to that of charge. Over a broad range of temperatures and dopings, the suppression of Ds relative to Dc agrees quantitatively with the prediction of ''spin Coulomb dra'' theory, which takes into account the exchange of spin in electron-electron collisions. Moreover, the spin-diffusion length, Ls, is a nearly constant 1 micrometer over the same range of T and n, despite Ds's varying by nearly two orders of magnitude. This constancy supports the D'yakonov-Perel'-Kachorovskii model of spin relaxation through interrupted precessional dephasing in the spin-orbit field.
Weber, Christopher P.
Anisotropic polarization, predicted as a result of the diffraction of blackbody radiation at a reflective phase grating with ideal conductivity
In the course of analyzing the axiomatic principles that form the basis of statistical physics, the validity of the postulate that all the isoenergetic microstates of a closed system are equally probable was checked. This article reports the results of numerically modelling the interaction of thermodynamically equilibrium blackbody radiation with a reflective phase diffraction grating that possesses ideal conductivity. Cases are found in which anisotropy of the polarization parameters is guaranteed to appear inside a closed volume of initially homogeneous blackbody radiation, resulting in a formal decrease of its Boltzmann entropy as a consequence of deviation from the microcanonical Gibbs distribution. This is apparently caused by the discontinuous character of the change of the phase trajectories of the photons during diffraction, which makes the physical system under consideration nonergodic.
Savukov, Vladimir V
A multilayer grating with a novel layer structure for a flat-field spectrograph attached to transmission electron microscopes in energy region of 2-4 keV
A multilayer mirror with a novel layer structure to uniformly enhance the reflectivity in a few keV energy range at a fixed angle of incidence is invented and applied to a multilayer grating for use in a flat-field spectrograph attached to a conventional electron microscope. The diffraction efficiency of the fabricated multilayer grating having the new layer structure is evaluated at the angle of incidence of 88.65 deg. in the energy region of 2.1-4.0 keV. It is shown that the multilayer grating is effective to uniformly enhance the diffraction efficiency and able to be practically used in this energy region.
Imazono, T.; Koike, M.; Koeda, M.; Nagano, T.; Sasai, H.; Oue, Y.; Yonezawa, Z.; Kuramoto, S.; Terauchi, M.; Takahashi, H.; Handa, N.; Murano, T. [QuBS, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215 (Japan); Device Dept., Shimadzu Corp., 1 Nishinokyo-Kuwabarcho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511 (Japan); IMRAM, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); EC Business Unit, JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558 (Japan)
X-ray grating spectrometer for opacity measurements in the 50 eV to 250 eV spectral range at the LULI 2000 laser facility
An x-ray grating spectrometer was built in order to measure opacities in the 50 eV to 250 eV spectral range with an average spectral resolution {approx} 50. It has been used at the LULI-2000 laser facility at Ecole Polytechnique (France) to measure the {Delta}n = 0, n = 3 transitions of several elements with neighboring atomic number: Cr, Fe, Ni, and Cu in the same experimental conditions. Hence a spectrometer with a wide spectral range is required. This spectrometer features one line of sight looking through a heated sample at backlighter emission. It is outfitted with one toroidal condensing mirror and several flat mirrors cutting off higher energy photons. The spectral dispersion is obtained with a flatfield grating. Detection consists of a streak camera sensitive to soft x-ray radiation. Some experimental results showing the performance of this spectrometer are presented.
Reverdin, Charles; Caillaud, T.; Gilleron, F.; Pain, J. C.; Silvert, V.; Soullie, G.; Villette, B. [CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon (France); Thais, Frederic; Loisel, Guillaume; Blenski, T.; Poirier, M. [CEA, DSM, IRAMIS, Service Photons, Atomes et Molecules, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Busquet, M. [ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, Maryland 21042 (United States); Bastiani-Ceccotti, S.; Serres, F. [LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau (France); Ducret, J. E. [CELIA, UMR5107, CEA, CNRS, Universite de Bordeaux, 33400 Talence (France); Foelsner, W. [Max Planck Instituet fuer Quantum Optik, 85748 Garching (Germany); Gilles, D.; Turck-Chieze, S. [CEA, DSM, IRFU, Service d'astrophysique, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
Control of phase locking in a set of lasers with self-pumped phase-conjugate gain-grating mirrors using a passive Q-switch
We studied the possibility of controlling phase-locked lasing of a set of lasers with self-pumped phase-conjugate gain-grating mirrors by using a passive Q-switch and selecting the gain of one of the lasers. The ranges of stable operation are calculated by mathematical simulation and well agree with the experimental results. Single-mode radiation in the form of trains of phase-locked laser pulses are experimentally obtained for the first time in a three-channel diffraction-coupled gain-grating Nd : YAG laser system with a LiF :F {sup -}{sub 2} passive Q-switch. The space-time pattern of the trains of 1.064-{mu}m nanosecond pulses is the same in the channels with and without Q-switch and their interference pattern contrast reaches 0.81. (control of laser radiation parameters)
Basiev, Tasoltan T; Gavrilov, A V; Smetanin, Sergei N; Fedin, Aleksandr V
Dependence of selectivity on plasma conditions in selective etching in submicrometer pitch grating on InP surface by CH{sub 4}/H{sub 2} reactive ion etching
We studied selective etching and polymer deposition in submicrometer pitch gratings on the surface of InP using reactive ion etching with methane and hydrogen and investigated the plasma condition dependence of the selectivity. Using a mask structure consisting of regions with and without a thick layer on a grating-patterned thin layer, we achieved selective etching in submicrometer pitch gratings. In experiments conducted on the same surface at the same time, the InP is selectively etched in the window of the grating in the region with the thick layer, but it is not etched, and polymer is deposited, in the window of the grating in the region without the thick layer. We found that the selectivity depends on the plasma conditions, such as the hydrogen flow rate, pressure, and plasma power in reactive ion etching. This dependence might result from the variation in the ionic atoms of hydrogen or hydrocarbon/hydrogen, which are attracted to the charged mask and supplied to the window of the grating.
Yamamoto, Norio
Development of a soft x-ray diffractometer for a wideband multilayer grating with a novel layer structure in the 2-4 keV range
We have been developing a wavelength-dispersive soft x-ray spectrograph covering an energy region of 50-4000 eV to attach to a conventional electron microscope. Observation of soft x-ray emission in the 2-4 keV range needs a multilayer coated grating. In order to evaluate the performance of the optical component in the energy region, a goniometric apparatus has been newly developed and the preliminary performance has been tested using synchrotron radiation.
Imazono, Takashi; Koike, Masato; Kawachi, Tetsuya; Hasegawa, Noboru; Koeda, Masaru; Nagano, Tetsuya; Sasai, Hiroyuki; Oue, Yuki; Yonezawa, Zeno; Kuramoto, Satoshi; Terauchi, Masami; Takahashi, Hideyuki; Handa, Nobuo; Murano, Takanori [Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215 (Japan); Device Dept., Shimadzu Corp., 1 Nishinokyo-Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511 (Japan); IMRAM, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); ECBU, JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558 (Japan)
Binary pseudo-random gratings and arrays for calibration of the modulation transfer function of surface profilometers: recent developments
The major problem of measurement of a power spectral density (PSD) distribution of the surface heights with surface profilometers arises due to the unknown Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of the instruments. The MTF tends to distort the PSD at higher spatial frequencies. It has been suggested [Proc. SPIE 7077-7, (2007), Opt. Eng. 47 (7), 073602-1-5 (2008)] that the instrumental MTF of a surface profiler can be precisely measured using standard test surfaces based on binary pseudo-random (BPR) patterns. In the cited work, a one dimensional (1D) realization of the suggested method based on use of BPR gratings has been demonstrated. Here, we present recent achievements made in fabricating and using two-dimensional (2D) BPR arrays that allow for a direct 2D calibration of the instrumental MTF. The 2D BPRAs were used as standard test surfaces for 2D MTF calibration of the MicromapTM-570 interferometric microscope with all available objectives. The effects of fabrication imperfections on the efficiency of calibration are also discussed.
Barber, Samuel K.; Soldate, Paul; Anderson, Erik H.; Cambie, Rossana; Marchesini, Stefano; McKinney, Wanye R.; Takacs, Peter Z.; Voronov, Dmitry L.; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.
Damage Detection of CFRP Plates by Full-Spectral Analysis of a Fibre Bragg Grating Sensor Signal
This paper describes the measurement of average strain, strain distribution and vibration of cantilever beam made of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP), using a single Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor mounted on the beam surface. Average strain is determined from the displacement of the peak wavelength of reflected light from the FBG sensor. Unstrained reference FBG sensors were used to compensate for temperature drift and the photoelastic coefficient (P{sub e}), which was used to calculate the gauge factor. Measured strains agree with those measured by a resistance foil strain gauge attached to the sample. Stress distributions are measured by monitoring the variation in the full width half maximum (FWHM) values of the reflected spectrum, using a proposed optical analytical model, described in the paper. FWHM values were measured for both the cantilever test beam and a for a reference beam, loaded using a four-point bending rig. The trend of the stress distribution for the test beam matches with our analytical model, however with a relatively large noise present in the experimentally determined data. The vibration of cantilever beam was measured by temporal analysis of the peak reflection wavelength. This technique is very stable as measurements are not affected by variations in the signal amplitude. Finally an application of FBG sensors for damage detection of CFRP plates is demonstrated, by measuring the average strain and natural frequency. With small defects of different sizes applied to the CFRP plate, average strains were seen to increase with damage size and the natural frequency decreased with damage size.
Mizutani, Yoshihiro [Optical Non-Destructive Testing Laboratory, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2600 GB Delft (Netherlands); Solid and Structures Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, 2-12-1-I1-70, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552 (Japan); Groves, Roger M. [Optical Non-Destructive Testing Laboratory, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2600 GB Delft (Netherlands)
Potl,,]) u.s. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER
Potl,,]) Potl,,]) u.s. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER NEPA DETERMINATION RECIPIENT: North Carolina State University- North Carolina Solar Center PROJECT TITLE: Southem Mid-Atlantic Provider of Solar Instructor Trajning Program Page 1 of2 STATE: NC Funding Opportunity Announcement Number Procurement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number CID Number DE-FOA·()()()()()78 DE-EEOOO5674 GFO-OOO5674-OO1 0 Based on my re"iew ofthe inrormation concerning the proposed action, as NEPA Compliance Officer (authorized under DOE Order451.IA).1 have made the following dt'tenninatioD: ex. EA, EIS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description: A9 Infonnation gathering, analy sis, and dissemination Informabon gathenng (including, but not limited to, literature surveys, mventories, site VIsits, and audits), data analySis
Coherent terahertz radiation from high-harmonic component of modulated free-electron beam in a tapered two-asymmetric grating structure
Based on the mechanism of incoherent diffraction radiation excited by an electron bunch in a waveguide with periodic structure, this paper presents the concept of coherent terahertz (THz) radiation from the high-harmonic component of a modulated free-electron beam in a tapered two-asymmetric grating structure. The results show that in this mechanism 0.43 THz radiation can be generated with 10 A/cm{sup 2} current density, and the efficiency can reach 0.5%. Because of the low required current density and relative high efficiency, this concept shows the application potential for electron-beam-driven terahertz sources.
Zhang Yaxin; Zhou Yucong; Dong Liang; Liu Shenggang [Terahertz Science and Technology Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China)
Commissioning of a Soft X-ray Beamline PF-BL-16A with a Variable-Included-Angle Varied-Line-Spacing Grating Monochromator
The design and commissioning of a new soft X-ray beamline, BL-16A, at the Photon Factory is presented. The beamline consists of a pre-focusing mirror, an entrance slit, a variable-included-angle varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator, and a post-focusing system as usual, and provides circularly and linearly polarized soft X rays in the energy range 200-1500 eV with an APPLE-II type undulator. The commissioning procedure for the beamline optics is described in detail, especially the check of the focal position for the zero-th order and diffracted X rays.
Amemiya, Kenta; Toyoshima, Akio; Kikuchi, Takashi; Kosuge, Takashi; Nigorikawa, Kazuyuki; Sumii, Ryohei; Ito, Kenji [Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801 (Japan)
1 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy
, as we now have 14 instruments at sNs and 14 at hFir either available to users or in commission- ingNs reliability for FY 2010 was 88% at power levels of 1 mw; to date in FY 2011, we are achieving 92%! hFir analy- sis tools at high Flux isotope reactor (hFir) and spallation Neutron source (sNs) have grown over
The Discovery of Broad P Cygni X-ray Lines from Circinus X-1 with the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer
We present the first grating-resolution X-ray spectra of the X-ray binary Cir X-1, obtained with the High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer on Chandra. These reveal a rich set of lines from H-like and/or He-like Ne, Mg, Si, S and Fe detected with a high signal-to-noise ratio. The lines are broad (+/- 2000 km/s) and show P Cygni profiles. The absorption components of the lines extend to low velocity, and they have about the same widths and strengths as the corresponding emission components. The widths of the X-ray P Cygni lines are comparable to that of the broad component of the strong, asymmetric H-alpha line from Cir X-1, suggesting that the two phenomena may be related. We discuss outflow models and propose that the P Cygni profiles may arise in the moderate temperature (5 x 10^6 K) region of the wind from an X-ray heated accretion disk. This basic picture strengthens the idea that the accretion disk in Cir X-1 is viewed in a relatively edge-on manner, and it suggests that Cir X-1 is the X-ray binary analog of a Broad Absorption Line quasar.
W. N. Brandt; N. S. Schulz
NIST Optical grating scatterometry
... It is essential that these limits be determined so that the industry can develop alternative solutions. ... pml. Facilities/Tools Used: ...
Diffraction gratings in ray tracing
simply switching out the shader for the CD material surfaceThis code is added to the shader function for any rendering
Watson, Andre James
Requests are subject to edit upon entering into SIS+ ACTIVITY LOG
Energy Systems and Resources New Course -- -- -- -- 12/15/2007 ENG ENGR 411 Nuclear Reactor Theory New Course -- -- -- -- 12/15/2007 ENG ENGR 412 Nuclear Reactor Analysis New Course -- -- -- -- 12/15/2007 CBA/note/descript -- -- -- -- 12/15/2007 ENG ENGR 300 Principles of Nuclear Engineering New Course -- -- -- -- 12/15/2007 ENG ENGR
Farritor, Shane
Energy Systems Remove Course -- -- -- 4/15/08 ENG AREN 420/820 Lighting II: Theory, Design/15/08 ENG ENGR 410 Radiation Protection and Shielding New Course -- -- -- 4/15/08 ENG ENGR 420 Nuclear Reactor Engineering New Course -- -- -- 4/15/08 ASC MATH 203J Contemporary Math New Course -- -- -- 4
www.i-sis.org.uk superfluid helium) consisting of a coherent phase (about 40
- ments of radar backscatter and passive microwave emissions. In the Amundsen Sea, the Oden cruise between for sequester- ing CO2 emitted from new power cycles, including integrated gasification com- bined cycle (IGCC. His current research focuses on spaceborne imagery to understand the turbulent, dynamic plasma
Saunders, Peter
Excitation functions in central Au+Au collisions from SIS/GSI to AGS/Brookhaven
Using the relativistic transport model (ART), we predict the energy dependence of the stopping power, maximum baryon and energy densities, the population of resonance matter as well as the strength of the transverse and radial flow for central Au+Au reactions at beam momentum from 2 to 12 GeV/c available at Brookhaven's AGS. The maximum baryon and energy densities are further compared to the predictions of relativistic hydrodynamics assuming the formation of shock waves. We also discuss the Fermi-Landau scaling of the pion multiplicity in these reactions.
Bao-An Li; Che Ming Ko
System Size and Energy Dependence of Dilepton Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions at SIS Energies
We study the dilepton production in heavy-ion collisions at energies of 1-2 AGeV as well as in proton induced pp, pn, pd and p+A reactions from 1 GeV up to 3.5 GeV. For the analysis we employ three different transport models - the microscopic off-shell Hadron-String-Dynamics (HSD) transport approach, the Isospin Quantum Molecular Dynamics (IQMD) approach as well as the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) approach. We confirm the experimentally observed enhancement of the dilepton yield (normalized to the multiplicity of neutral pions $N_{\\pi^0}$) in heavy-ion collisions with respect to that measured in $NN = (pp+pn)/2$ collisions. We identify two contributions to this enhancement: a) the $pN$ bremsstrahlung which scales with the number of collisions and not with the number of participants, i.e. pions; b) the dilepton emission from intermediate $\\Delta$'s which are part of the reaction cycles $\\Delta \\to \\pi N ; \\pi N \\to \\Delta$ and $NN\\to N\\Delta; N\\Delta \\to NN$. With increasing system size more generations of intermediate $\\Delta$'s are created. If such $\\Delta$ decays into a pion, the pion can be reabsorbed, however, if it decays into a dilepton, the dilepton escapes from the system. Thus, experimentally one observes only one pion (from the last produced $\\Delta$) whereas the dilepton yield accumulates the contributions from all $\\Delta$'s of the cycle. We show as well that the Fermi motion enhances the production of pions and dileptons in the same way. Furthermore, employing the off-shell HSD approach, we explore the influence of in-medium effects like the modification of self-energies and spectral functions of the vector mesons due to their interactions with the hadronic environment.
E. L. Bratkovskaya; J. Aichelin; M. Thomere; S. Vogel; M. Bleicher
Fundamentals of Grate (bed) ProcessesFundamentals of Grate (bed) ProcessesFundamentals of Grate (bed) ProcessesFundamentals of Grate (bed) Processes (Report on Recent Progress)
. These spectrums are created using Planck's equation for blackbody radiation at a specified wavelength
Full-System Decontamination of a BWR Using the LOMI Process Volume 4: Full System Decontamination Experience and Cost-Benefit Analys is
The LOMI (low-oxidation-state metal-ion) dilute-chemical-decontamination process has been qualified for use on the complete reactor system of BWRs. Full-system decontamination offers several economic and operational advantages over current partsystem applications. This study provides the technical basis for a safety evaluation.
0 0 3.0 Alterna Alterna tiv tiv es es 3-1 DOE/EIS-0287 This chapter describes the alternatives for waste processing and facility disposi- tion analyzed in this environmental impact statement (EIS) as well as alter- natives eliminated from detailed analy- sis. As required by the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) regula- tions implementing the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), a No Action alternative is also included. This chapter identifies the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Preferred Alternative as well as the State of Idaho's Preferred Alternative, which is different from that identified by DOE. Some of the alternatives include one or more options. The options are described in the context of the alternative(s) they fall under, but could be used or com-
University of Califomia, Los Angeles STATE: University of Califomia, Los Angeles STATE: CA PROJECT TITLE: Development of High Operating Temperature Heat Transfer Fluids for Solar Thermal Power Generation Fund ing Opportunity Announumcnt Number Procurement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number CID Number DE-FOA..()()()567 DE·EEOOO5941 GF0-0005941-OO1 Based on my review or the information concerning the proposed action, as NEPA Compliance Officer (authoriud under DOE Order 451.IA). I have made the (ollowing determination: ex, EA, [IS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description : A9 Infonnation gathering, analysis, and dissemination Information gathering (including, but not limited 10, literature surveys, Inventones, site VISits, and audits) . data analySis (including, but not limited to, computer modeling)
major major purpose of the Techni- cal Information Center is to provide the broadest dissemination possi- ble of information DOE'S Research and Reports to business, academic community, contained in Development industry, the and federal, state and local governments. Although a small portion of this report is not reproducible, it is being made available to expedite the availability of information on the research discussed herein. 1 ~&U~ -86-4339 LA-UR--86-4339 DE87 003755 flTL~ ANALySIS OF PICOSECOND PULSEDLASERMELTED GRAPHITE AUWMS). J, Steinbeck, ~. Braunsteln, J. Speck, M. S. I')resselhaus, C. Y. Huang, A. M. Malvezzi, and N. Bloembergen DUBMITTEDTO Procccdings 'f the SympoHlum on Beam-Solid InteractlonaS Uwton, MA, December 1-6, 1986 DISCLAIMER "rhis rcpwI wcc prcpmcd s .wr ummun( of worh qrrwrwrcd hy mn npwy d lhc Unltcd '$lnlu (iovcrnrnd. Nellhcr IIW ( hrikrl Slates
, .* !. , .* !. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MA.>.JAGEMENT CENTER NEPA DETERMINATION RECIPIENT:Laram!e County Community College PROJECT TITLE: LeGe Ulilty-Scale Wind Energy Technology Page 1 of2 STATE: WY Funding Opportunity Announcement Number Procurement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number CID Number DE-PS36-09G099OO9 DE-EEOOOO538 GFO-10-052 0 Based on my review of the information concerning the proposed action, as Nt:PA Compliance Officer (autbori7.ed under DOE Order 451.1A), I have made the following determination: ex, EA, EIS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description: A9 Information gathenng (including, but not limited to, literature surveys, Inventones, audits), data analySIS (including computer modeling), document preparation (such as oonceptual des'9n or feasibility studies, analytical energy supply
u.s. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER NEPA DETERl\IIINATION
Utl Utl ) u.s. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER NEPA DETERl\IIINATION Page 1 of2 RECIPIENT:City of Baltimore STATE: MD PROJEcr TITLE: EECBG Program/Bike Parking Racks/Stand· Baltimore City, MD funding Opportunity Announ«ment Number Pnxurement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number CID Number DE-FOA-OOOOO13 DE-EEOOOO738 GFo.oooo738-003 G0738 Based on my review ortbe inrormation concer ning the proposed action, as NEPA Compliance Officer (authorized under DOE Order 4.5I.tA). I have made the rollowing determination: CX. EA, EIS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description: A9 Infomation gathering, analysis, and d isseminatio n InformatIOn gathenng (including, but not limited to, literature surveys, Inventories SIte VISitS, and audits), data analySIs (including, but not limited to, romputer modeling), document preparatIOn (including, but not limited
Modulation of near-field heat transfer between two gratings
We present a theoretical study of near-field heat transfer between two uniaxial anisotropic planar structures. We investigate how the distance and relative orientation (with respect to their optical axes) between the objects affect the heat flux. In particular, we show that by changing the angle between the optical axes it is possible in certain cases to modulate the net heat flux up to 90% at room temperature, and discuss possible applications of such a strong effect.
Svend-Age Biehs; Felipe S. S. Rosa; Philippe Ben-Abdallah
= mold, noxious off-gases, respiratory problems #12;Stressful work environments Lack of daylight, ventilation, connection with nature eye-strain #12;The Fix Priority on health More daylighting In stairs irrigation system. Or low-flush or dual flush toilets #12;Use Less Land Mixed use land planning = fewer car
Ber�kning av v�rmeenergif�rluster i flerbostadshus genom analys av den totala fj�rrv�rmeenergianv�ndningen; Calculation of the thermal energy losses in apartment buildings through analyze of the total district thermal energy consumption .
?? This thesis has been carried out on behalf of IV Produkt AB and intends to set an average ratio of thermal energy losses in� (more)
Fredhav, Dennis
Modern statssuver�nitet En analys av hur synen p� statssuver�nitet har f�r�ndrats med Bosnien-Hercegovina som exempel; Contemporary state sovereignty An analysis on how state sovereignty has changed with Bosnia-Herzegovina as an example.
?? The purpose of this study is to analyze how the parties (USA, Great Britain, UN and the European Union) legitimize their intervention in Bosnia-Herzegovina� (more)
Kajis, Natasha
Newsletter (July 2010) SHR.pub
Project Staff- Project Staff- ing & DOE G 413.3-19 2 Question of the Month 2 FPD Corner 3 FY10 Course Schedule 4- 5 FY11 Course Schedule 6 P R O J E C T M A N A G E M E N T C A R E E R D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M Pathways to Project Success J U L Y 2 0 1 0 Corrective Action Plan (CAP) Corner: DOE Project Risk Management New Initiatives By Ruben A. Sanchez, P.E., PMP, LEED AP OECM The DOE Root Cause Analy- sis (RCA), Contract and Pro- ject Management, report dated April 2008, had identi- fied deficiencies in contract and project management performance as they relate to risk management. Two corrective actions were un- dertaken to remedy the noted deficiencies: Updat- ing the DOE G 413.3-7, Risk Management Guide, dated October 2008, and aligning
Complete genome sequence of the thermophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing Bacillus tusciae type strain (T2T) and reclassification in the new genus, Kyrpidia gen. nov. as Kyrpidia tusciae comb. nov. and emendation of the family Alicyclobacillaceae da Costa and Rainey, 2010
Bacillus tusciae Bonjour & Aragno 1994 is a hydrogen-oxidizing, thermoacidophilic spore former that lives as a facultative chemolithoautotroph in solfataras. Although 16S rRNA gene sequencing was well established at the time of the initial description of the organism, 16S se- quence data were not available and the strain was placed into the genus Bacillus based on limited chemotaxonomic information. Despite the now obvious misplacement of strain T2T as a member of the genus Bacillus in 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic trees, the misclassification remained uncorrected for many years, which was likely due to the extremely difficult, analy- sis-hampering cultivation conditions and poor growth rate of the strain. Here we provide a taxonomic re-evaluation of strain T2T (= DSM 2912 = NBRC 15312) and propose its reclassi- fication as the type strain of a new species, Kyrpidia tusciae, and the type species of the new genus Kyrpidia, which is a sister-group of Alicyclobacillus. The family Alicyclobacillaceae da Costa and Rainey, 2010 is emended. The 3,384,766 bp genome with its 3,323 protein-coding and 78 RNA genes is part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project.
Klenk, Hans-Peter [DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany; Lapidus, Alla L. [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Chertkov, Olga [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Copeland, A [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Glavina Del Rio, Tijana [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Nolan, Matt [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Lucas, Susan [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Chen, Feng [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Tice, Hope [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Cheng, Jan-Fang [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Han, Cliff [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Bruce, David [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Goodwin, Lynne A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Pitluck, Sam [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Pati, Amrita [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Ivanova, N [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Mavromatis, K [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Daum, Chris [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Chen, Amy [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Palaniappan, Krishna [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Chang, Yun-Juan [ORNL; Land, Miriam L [ORNL; Hauser, Loren John [ORNL; Jeffries, Cynthia [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Detter, J. Chris [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Rohde, Manfred [HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Abt, Birte [DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany; Pukall, Rudiger [DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany; Goker, Markus [DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany; Bristow, James [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Markowitz, Victor [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Hugenholtz, Philip [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Eisen, Jonathan [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute
C01 SIDER.!;.TIONS C01 SIDER.!;.TIONS RE Q UE ST BY INVENTOR FOR THE WAIVER OF DOMESTIC AN D FOREIGN RTGHTS TO AN IDE. TIFIED [NVEN'fl0'\1 ENTiTLED "RESONANT-CAVITY APPA.RATUS FOR CYTOM.GTRY OR PARTICLE ANA L'YS iS'' US P 5,793,485, DEVELOPI·:D UNDER DOE CONTRACT NO. DE-AC04-94AL85000; DOE r:\"VENTfON DISCLOSU RE NO. S-85,819 (SD-5797 ); DOE WAIV ER NO. V.l ( ) 201 l-oo_,; rv3 The Petitioner, Paul L. Gourley (Inventor), has requested a \\'aive of the Government's domestic and fo eign patent rights in a subject invention entitled "Resonant-Cavi ty Apparatus for Cytome ry or Particle Analy·sis." The invention v,·as conceived by the inventor while an employee of the Sandia Corporation (Sandia). ,'andia is the M&O contractor for the Sandia a ional Laboratories (S L), a government-0\vned, contracto
Brookhaven National Laboratory Technology Marketing ...
Brookhaven National Laboratory Technology Marketing ... a critical reaction in a number of growing energy generation and utilization ... Energy Analys ...
Superimposed nanostructured diffraction gratings as high capacity barcodes for biological and chemical applications
. Roth, D. George, S. Eletr, G. Albrecht, E. Vermaas, S.R. Williams, K. Moon, T. Burcham, M. Pallas, R
Zheludev, Nikolay
Life Members The University of Memphis Alumni Association gratefully acknowledges its esteemed life members. Life
. Spencer Jr., JD `69 Sambamurthy Subramanian, JD `98 Christine & Frederick Swerdlow Tabas, Freedman Deichmann Holly Marvin S. Maltzman Ray E. Marchman, Jr. Joseph B. Merlin Martin J. Nash Bernard Rabinowitz Frederick Steven Robbins Michael John Ryan Thomas R. Spencer, Jr. Joseph Teichman Hon. Linda L. Vitale
Memphis, University of
Microeconomic Behavior sessions for comments. We are grateful to the National Science Foundation and the
Using individual-level data on homeowner debt and defaults from 1997 to 2008, we show that borrowing against the increase in home equity by existing homeowners is responsible for a significant fraction of both the sharp rise in U.S. household leverage from 2002 to 2006 and the increase in defaults from 2006 to 2008. Employing land topology-based housing supply elasticity as an instrument for house price growth, we estimate that the average homeowner extracts 25 to 30 cents for every dollar increase in home equity. Money extracted from increased home equity is not used to purchase new real estate or pay down high credit card balances, which suggests that borrowed funds may be used for real outlays (i.e., consumption or home improvement). Home equity-based borrowing is stronger for younger households, households with low credit scores, and households with high initial credit card utilization rates. Homeowners in high house price appreciation areas experience a relative decline in default rates from 2002 to 2006 as they borrow heavily against their home equity, but experience very high default rates from 2006 to
Atif Mian; Amir Sufi
Modeling of Gaussian beam diffraction on volume Bragg gratings in Igor V. Ciapurin,
, V. I. Smirnov, G. B. Venus, L. N. Glebova, E. V. Rotari, and L. B. Glebov, 2004 CLEO/IQEC and PhAST. Dergachev, P. F. Moulton, V. I. Smirnov, and L. B. Glebov, 2004 CLEO/IQEC and PhAST Technical Digest, Paper
Porous Silicon Waveguide with Integrated Grating Coupler for DNA and S. M. Weissa, b
. M. Weissa, b a Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University with greater potential for integration with microfluidics and usage outside of a clinical setting. In section 2 silicon layer of 61% porosity (refractive index of 1.81 at a wavelength of 1550 nm) and a 1500 nm lower
Weiss, Sharon
To grate a liquid into tiny droplets by its impact on a hydrophobic microgrid
We report on experiments of drop impacting a hydrophobic microgrid of typical spacing a few tens of micrometers. Above a threshold in impact speed
P. Brunet; F. Lapierre; F. Zoueshtiagh; V. Thomy; A. Merlen
Strain-tuning of periodic optical devices : tunable gratings and photonic crystals
The advancement of micro- and nano-scale optical devices has heralded micromirrors, semiconductor micro- and nano-lasers, and photonic crystals, among many. Broadly defined with the field of microphotonics and microelect ...
Wong, Chee Wei, 1975-
*Support from EPRI, NSF and ORNL for this work is gratefully acknowledged.
to customer-owned generation. also shown are mul- tiple emerging advanced automation and control systems to control signals to achieve advanced distribution automation. advanced protection schemes are part. major players in the distri- bution automation (da) arena include ansi c12.22 for meter communication
Amin, S. Massoud
Fabrication and measurements of surface-etched grating distributed Bragg reflector laser.
??A laser diode emits light at a specific wavelength band and can be used in specific applications depending on its wavelength. However, the bandwidth of� (more)
Choi, UGuen
Technology Innovation: Fiber Bragg Gratings for Pressure Monitoring in Nuclear Power Plants
To create a reliable power generation network, emerging nuclear energy reactor designs require reliable pressure-measurement technology that is not presently available. Because of their operating conditions, pressure transducers currently used in the power generation industry offer a limited usable life. An improved transducer design would have the opportunity to improve maintenance efficiencies and reliability. The usable life of current pressure-measurement technology used for nuclear power plant appli...
?The author gratefully acknowledges valuable comments and suggestions from Klaus Reiner Schenk-Hopp�,
We show that with the presence of network effects in the market for software products, some degree of software piracy can actually be beneficial to a monopoly software company. On the other hand, monopolistic competition can put an in-optimal downward pressure on the level of copy protection the firm can set. Collusion on higher levels of protection does not seem to be a credible option. We also argue that free riding and lack of property rights enforcement are important factors in explaining the extent of
Henrik B�hm Rasmussen; Teacher Klaus; Discussants Morten H�rmann; Grith Skaaning Storgaard; Nikolaj Malchow-m�ller; Panu Poutvaara; Torben Krogh Nielsen
Binary Pseudo-random Grating Standard for Calibration of Surface Profilometers
Peter Z. Takacs Brookhaven National Laboratoryand Rolf Beuttenmuller at Brookhaven National Lab forbeen authored in part by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC
Yashchuk, Valeriy V.
Development of Fiber Bragg Grating Strain, Thermal, and Magnetic Sensors for Smart Structure Applications
operational load in a wind turbine rotor blade,� Measurementwere observed in the wind turbine rotor blade. Takeda et al.
Emmons, Michael
Synthesis, design and characterization of a distributed feedback grating based non-linear optical chemosensor
Current optical chemosensors that operate by a 3R sensing approach - recognize, relay and report -- generate a measurable luminescent signal in the presence of targeted analyte. However, the advancement of chemical sensing ...
Wun, Aetna W. (Aetna Wai-Yue)
... RE OVE PREPARED BY: ~L-~. ~7";..,r. ~E ';:'. __ lIdards Application and Analys. Diy.ion �ItI8TITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNO;LOGY � . ...
Currents Salinity Gradients WIND ENERGY Characteristics ofCOUNTIES THE CALIFORNIA WIND ENERGY RESOURCE . . . . . . . .Principal Investigator, Wind Energy Mission Analys~s, F~nal
Authors, Various
Core Analysis At Newberry Caldera Area (Carothers, Et Al., 1987...
H. Mariner, Terry E. C. Keith (1987) Isotope Geochemistry Of Minerals And Fluids From Newberry Volcano, Oregon Retrieved from "http:en.openei.orgwindex.php?titleCoreAnaly...
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
SAFETY DIVJSION - ANALYTICAL DEPT. I ' .' . ANALY' TICAL DATA SHEET NUI ' I NO. DISTRIBUTION OF COPIES 1 Analytical Laboratory (RBCCRD COPPI 2 Industrial Hygiene 8 Radiatlon...
Distributed Fiber Optic Gas Sensing for Harsh Environments
primary technology products include: * High-quality sapphire long period grating (LPG) or fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors - both single and multiple grating devices, *...
Formation of Zn-rich phyllosilicate, Zn-layered double hydroxide and hydrozincite in contaminated calcareous soils
pH (CaCl 2 ) GLO LUC2 BAS Limestone Dolomite Limestone TOC (Five soils (GLO, TAL, BAS, LAUS, SIS) had developed frommaterial >2 mm of SIS, LAUS and BAS, white (WP) and reddish-
Jacquat, Olivier
WORKING PAPER SERIES MIT-IPC-Energy Innovation Working Paper 09-001
and technology enterprise. On a quadrennial ba- sis, OSTP, in conjunction with PCAST, and OMB, in conjunction
Modeling the Development and Use of Strategic Information Systems
The successful adoption of a strategic information system SIS is shown to hinge upon a favorable decision to develop a SIS and on a favorable decision to use the developed SIS. A model is exhibited that integrates the factors that lie behind these two ...
Francis D. Tuggle; H. Albert Napier
9) 9) The Na tional En ergy Mod el ing Sys tem: An Over view 2009 October 2009 En ergy In for ma tion Ad min is tra tion Of fice of In te grated Anal y sis and Fore cast ing U.S. De part ment of En ergy Wash ing ton, DC 20585 This re port was pre pared by the En ergy In for ma tion Ad min is tra tion, the in de pend ent sta tis ti cal and an a lyt i cal agency within the U.S. De part ment of En ergy. The in for ma tion con tained herein should be at trib uted to the En ergy In for ma tion Ad min is tra tion and should not be con strued as ad vo cat ing or re flect ing any pol icy po si tion of the De part ment of En ergy or any other or ga ni za tion. This pub li ca tion is on the WEB at: www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/over view/ The Na tional En ergy Mod el ing Sys tem: An Over view 2009 pro vides a sum mary de scrip tion of the Na tional En ergy
Nonlocal, grating-coupled scattering-type near-field scanning optical microscopy of individual gold nano-particles
nano-particles D. Sadiq, J. Shirdel*, and C. Lienau Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität nano-particles. We demonstrate sub-30-nm-resolution imaging of localized SPP fields. By comparison onto a photodetector. When imaging small individual gold nano-particles with
Park, Namkyoo
Latency differences and effects of selective attention to gratings in the central and right visual fields: II
The goals were to examine the temporal sequence in which visual information (such as visual field, spatial frequency) are processed and to determine whether different neural sources are activated when such features are attended versus not attended. These issues are basic to current models of visual selective attention. 10 refs., 4 figs.
Aine, C.J.; George, J.S.; Flynn, E.R.
New Developments and Applications of the Steinmiiller Mass Burn Grate System Peter Lux and Hans-Ulrich Hartenstein
of highly contaminated wood and the co-firing of sewage sludge, hospital waste and other portions of special fuels. For example: · Combustion of wood · Combustion of old tires · Co-firing of sewage sludge · Co-firing of shredder light weight aggregate · Co-firing of spent activated carbon 58 #12;That
Columbia University
2013 Annual Meeting Abstacts Listing
Abstracts from Food Structure presented at the 104th AOCS Annual Meeting. 2013 Annual Meeting Abstacts Listing Topics/ Subject Matter aocs book books cdrom cdroms course echapters fats lipid methods oils press Food Science acid agricultural analy
2008 Annual Meeting Abstacts
Abstracts from Food Structure presented at the 99th AOCS Annual Meeting. 2008 Annual Meeting Abstacts Topics/ Subject Matter aocs book books cdrom cdroms course echapters fats lipid methods oils press Food Science acid agricultural analysis analy
SOFCSOFC (10kW(10kW )) Stack Stack ( )
& Mitsubishi (band ) 150 kW module Rolls-Royce () 100kW SOFC TOTO, Kyushu () 20kW stack wet process #12;2 SOFC () Mitsubishi Heavy Ind. § SIS § 250kW § 55% Rolls-Royce § SIS § 250kW (micro GT-SOFC) § 53% (125 kW ) Tokyo Gas § SIS § kW (5kW ) / #12
Hong, Deog Ki
Space Nanotechnology Laboratory M a s s a c h u s e t t s I n s t i t u t e o f T e c h n o l o g ySNLSNL
(goal system. ! Patterning of gratings Resolution Mirror Assembly (HRMA) Thrusters (4) (105 lb) Low Gain Antenna (2) Aspect Camera Stray Light Shade Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) Transmission Gratings (2) Solar Array (2) Chandra Telescope Grating (stowed) X
An information-based approximation scheme for stochastic ...
sis of our analysis, constructs two stage-aggregated problems by perturbing the ..... energy can be bought or sold on the spot market at price ?t, while new�...
ACHRE Report: Part III
the Subject Interview Study (SIS) in which the attitudes and beliefs of patients about medical research and their decisions and experiences regarding participation in research...
Imaging Lignin-Downregulated Alfalfa Using Coherent Anti-Stokes
modification indeed improves sugar yields during the saccharification processes for bioethanol production. In their study, the lignin biosynthe- sis pathway was downregulated...
Incremental and Encoding Formulations for Mixed Integer ...
Apr 1, 2013 ... aTepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., ...... sis, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, 1998.
Agency datasets monthly list | Data.gov
collection of historical records. SIS is cross-linked with other existing NOAA database tools, including the Fishery-Independent Survey System (FINSS), to increase the...
Information Technology Solutions - Industrial Partnerships Office
Information Technology Solutions Development and IP Status A patent application, US2006/0115427 Diagno-sis and assessment of skeletal related disease
Evolution of pulse shapes during compressor scans in a CPA system and control of electron acceleration in plasmas
of pulse shapes during compressor scans in a CPA system andused optical pulse compressor, the grating pair � withis the grating pulse compressor. In contrast to the most
Development of Metal Oxide Nanostructure-Based Optical Sensors...
pollution. Conceptual drawing of coated fiber Bragg grating and photo of Long Period gratings (LPG) on fiber. Figure and photo provided courtesy of University of Pittsburgh....
GRATEFUL APPRECIATION TO PARTNERS The U.S. Department of Energy would like to acknowledge the in-depth analysis and
, in- stead of summer campers practicing their layups and free throws, the floor of As- sembly Hall and environmental sciences; physics professor Scott Willenbrock; and Robert Roman, chief of utility plant operations
McCalley, James D.
Critical-angle transmission grating spectrometer for high-resolution soft x-ray spectroscopy on the International X-ray Observatory
High-resolution spectroscopy at energies below 1 keV covers the lines of C, N, O, Ne and Fe ions, and is central to studies of the Interstellar Medium, the Warm Hot Intergalactic Medium, warm absorption and outflows in ...
Heilmann, Ralf K.
Information systems strategy: Past, present, future?
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the current discourse in the Strategic Information Systems (SIS) domain about the future and identity of SIS. We draw on Nelson's theorisation of the co-evolution of Physical and Social Technologies to redefine ... Keywords: Coevolution of physical and social technologies, Complex adaptive systems, Network dynamics, Strategic information systems domain
Yasmin Merali; Thanos Papadopoulos; Tanvee Nadkarni
Secure Safety: Secure Remote Access to Critical Safety Systems in Offshore Installations
Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) as defined in IEC 61508 and IEC 61511 are very important for the safety of offshore oil & natural gas installations. SIS typically include the Emergency Shutdown System (ESD) that ensures that process systems return ... Keywords: Offshore, Process Control, Safety Instrumented Systems, Secure remote access
Martin Gilje Jaatun; Tor Olav Gr�tan; Maria B. Line
UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF THE INDIAN OCEAN IN THE CLIMATE SYSTEM � IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR SUSTAINED OBSERVATIONS CLIVAR�GOOS Indian Ocean Panel and others
We gratefully acknowledge the assistance and comments received from P. Blouch, E. Charpentier, H. Cattle,
M. Dengler; J. Gould; E. Harrison; H. Hendon; R. Lumkin; M. Merrifield; R. Molinari; S. Riser; B. Sloyan; A. Schiller; D. Walliser; J. Vialard; S. Wilson; K. Yoneyama
permission provided that full credit, including � notice, is given to the source. Accountability and Flexibility in Public Schools: Evidence from Boston's Charters and Pilots
The authors are grateful to the Boston Foundation for financial support and to Boston's charter schools,
Atila Abdulkadiroglu; Joshua Angrist; Susan Dynarski; Thomas J. Kane; Parag Pathak; Atila Abdulkadiroglu; Joshua Angrist; Susan Dynarski; Thomas J. Kane; Parag Pathak
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 151 (2011) 6069 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
, Petersham, MA. The author gratefully acknowledges the expert assistance of several people there, including
Chen, Jiquan
Explaining the Favorite-Longshot Bias: Is it Risk-Love or Misperceptions?
. Wolfers gratefully acknowledges a Hirtle, Callaghan & Co. Arthur D. Miltenberger Research Fellowship
Jensen, Grant J.
DISCUSSION PAPER Income, resources, and electricity mix
I am grateful for data advice from Ditya Nurdianto and comments from Sambit Bhattacharyya, Raghbendra Jha,
Paul J. Burke
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sis-plan-us-department-energy-office-legacy-management-sites Download FE DOCKET NO. 11-59-LNG ORDER NO. 3324 CONDITIONALLY GRANTING LONG-TERM MULTI-CONTRACT AUTHORIZATION TO EXPORT...
Depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy of silicon supersaturated with sulfur
We investigate the luminescence of Si supersaturated with S (Si:S) using depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy as the S concentration is varied over 2 orders of magnitude ...
Fabbri, Filippo
TIMOTHY O. RANDHIR Associate Professor
. Allegheny County. Florey, Dave. Training/Educational Programs. PA Department of Labor. Francis, Brian Information Services. SIS@IRS. Majewski, Dan. Public Affairs Specialist. SSA@HHS. Mancuso, Joe. Analyst. PA
Schweik, Charles M.
Conditional AIC Under General and Generalized Linear Mixed Models and Smoothing in the Presence of Random Effects with Application to fMRI Data Analysis
consider the use of the B-spline basis here; these are oftenMarx. Flexible smoothing with B-splines and penalties. Sta-difference penalties and the B-spline ba- sis are introduced
Overholser, Rosanna H.
California Energy Demand Scenario Projections to 2050
terms of California�s 16 climate zones (based upon the CEC�sis divided into 16 climate zones to account for variablelevel, in terms of climate zones for electricity, and in
McCarthy, Ryan; Yang, Christopher; Ogden, Joan M.
Classification of communication signals of the little brown bat Karla V. Melendez
- clay et al., 1979; Thomas et al., 1979 , maternal reunion with offspring Balcombe, 1990; Matsumura, 1979, 1981 , avoid- ing predators, and defending or advertising feeding areas Fenton, 1985; Wilkinson inspection of the call's spec- trograms. Only more recently have rigorous statistical analy- ses been applied
Jones, Douglas L.
N ORDRE : 3650 de la thse
Kansas 3 1 1 5 Spectro Analys Of Soil Carbon 1 1 African Development Activities 1 1 2 Internatnl Develpmt Activities 1 1 Whole Farm Nutrient Management 1 1 AGRY69800 Research MS Thesis 1 1 AMST20100 Intro Hydrology Lab 2 2 AGRY58500 Soils And Land Use 1 1 AGRY59800 African Development Activities 1 1 ANSC35100
Calibration of Modulation Transfer Function of Surface Profilometers with 1D and 2D Binary Pseudo-random Array Standards
Pseudo-random Grating Standard for Calibration of SurfaceBinary Pseudorandom Grating as a Standard Test Surface for2D Binary Pseudo-random Array Standards Valeriy V. Yashchuk,
Section 7.1.5 Floor Coverings: Greening Federal Facilities; Second...
or grates at all entries with heavy traffic. Mats or grates greatly reduce the amount of sand, grit, and hydrocarbon pollutants tracked into the building. Reducing sand and grit...
Supervised Lexical Chaining submitted by
longer. I am also grateful to Harendra Mishra and Srinibas Swain for their support during this period. I
Ravindran, Balaraman
... to gratefully acknowledge the support of the Advanced Agent Working Group whose contributing funders are British Petroleum, Exxon, Amoco, US ...
Hyper dispersion pulse compressor for chirped pulse amplification systems
A grating pulse compressor configuration is introduced for increasing the optical dispersion for a given footprint and to make practical the application for chirped pulse amplification (CPA) to quasi-narrow bandwidth materials, such as Nd:YAG. The grating configurations often use cascaded pairs of gratings to increase angular dispersion an order of magnitude or more. Increased angular dispersion allows for decreased grating separation and a smaller compressor footprint.
Barty, Christopher P. J. (Hayward, CA)
Hydrogen Safety Issues Compared to Safety Issues with Methane and Propane
DOE funding for the US Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration is also gratefully acknowledged. REFERENCES Handbook
Green, Michael A.
Residual Stress Evolution in Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier ...
... Office of Industrial Technologies, Project Officer, Patricia Hoffman, Advanced Turbine Systems Program, is gratefully acknowledged. Page 4. ...
The carbon question Debate The carbon question Comment/Q&A he key to climate change
a history of unstable burning on the stoker grate, which required periodic natural gas co-firing to reduce
The cost-effectiveness of biodiversity surveys in tropical forests
Florestal and Jari Celulose at Jari for permissions and logistic support. We are very grateful to Fernando Z
Barlow, Jos
Journal of Applied Ecology 2008 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01454.x 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation 2008 British Ecological Society
to primary forests. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful for the help of Jari Celulose S.A., who kindly hosted
NIST: Electron-Impact Cross Section Database
... of Chemistry, Washington, DC 20059 5: NIST, Physics Laboratory, Office of ... are gratefully acknowledged: WM Huo, NASA Ames Research Center ...
Eliminating Credit Barriers To Increase Homeownership: How Far Can We Go?
the Research Institute for Housing America is gratefully acknowledged. Any remaining errors, of course, are my own.
Stuart S. Rosenthal; Low-income Homeownership; Stuart S. Rosenthal
Nanocrystal structures
A structure including a grating and a semiconductor nanocrystal layer on the grating, can be a laser. The semiconductor nanocrystal layer can include a plurality of semiconductor nanocrystals including a Group II-VI compound, the nanocrystals being distributed in a metal oxide matrix. The grating can have a periodicity from 200 nm to 500 nm.
Eisler, Hans J. (Stoneham, MA); Sundar, Vikram C. (Stoneham, MA); Walsh, Michael E. (Everett, MA); Klimov, Victor I. (Los Alamos, NM); Bawendi, Moungi G. (Cambridge, MA); Smith, Henry I. (Sudbury, MA)
Diffraction encoded position measuring apparatus
When a lightwave passes through a transmission grating, diffracted beams appear at the output or opposite side of the grating that are effectively Doppler shifted in frequency (phase) whereby a detector system can compare the phase of the zero order and higher order beams to obtain an indication of position. Multiple passes through the grating increase resolution for a given wavelength of a laser signal. The resolution can be improved further by using a smaller wavelength laser to generate the grating itself. Since the grating must only have a pitch sufficient to produce diffracted orders, inexpensive, ultraviolet wavelength lasers can be utilized and still obtain high resolution detection. 3 figures.
Tansey, R.J.
Alignment of chirped-pulse compressor
An original method of alignment of grating compressors for ultrahigh-power CPA laser systems is proposed. The use of this method for adjustment of the grating compressor of a PEARL subpetawatt laser complex made it possible to align the diffraction gratings with a second accuracy in all three angular degrees of freedom, including alignment of the grooves, and to adjust the angles of beam incidence on the grating with a high accuracy. A simple method for measuring the difference in the groove densities of gratings with accuracy better than 0.005 lines mm{sup -1} is proposed and tested. (control of laser radiation parameters)
Yakovlev, I V [Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod (Russian Federation)
INCITE and ESP Driven Advances in GAMESS 2013 Early Science Program Invesitgators Meeting
INCITE and ESP Driven Advances in GAMESS INCITE and ESP Driven Advances in GAMESS 2013 Early Science Program Invesitgators Meeting May 15-16th 2013 Old$Analy)c$Gradient$ New$Fully$Analy)c$Gradient$ Fragmentation Methods * Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) methods have become popular in recent years, however, * As system size grows the QM region can get unwieldy * The energy contribution from the environment becomes too large to obtain reasonable accuracy from molecular mechanics * Biomolecules contain hundreds or thousands of atoms, making accurate quantum calculations either very difficult or impossible Fragmentation methods offer a unique solution to accurate calculations on large molecules The Fragment Molecular Orbital Method * Exchange is not long-range in most molecules * Long-range interactions can be treated using just
2012 Annual Workforce Analysis and Staffing Plan Report - Carlsbad
United States Government Department of Energy memorandum Carlsbad Field Office Carlsbad , New Mexico 88221 DATE: REPLY TO ATINOF: SUBJECT: JAN 1 8 2013 CBFO:OESH:GTB:ANC:13-0701 :UFC 3410.00 CBFO Annual Workforce Analys is and Staffing Plan rn: Kare n L. Boardman, Chairperson, Federal Techn ical Capability Panel (HS-70) The Carlsbad Field Office (CBFO) has updated the CBFO Annual Workforce Ana lysis and Staffing Plan as of December 31, 2012. The attachment to this Memorandum provides the updated CBFO Workforce Analysis and Staffing information on th e Federal Technica l Capability Program Workforce Staffing and Analys is Report template. If you have questions, please contact Mr. George T. Basabilvazo, CBFO Federal Technical Capability Panel Agent, at (575) 234-7488.
u.s. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER NEPA DETERMINATION
. . ,.,,,,. u.s. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER NEPA DETERMINATION RECIPIENT:Colorado School of Mines Page lof3 STATE: CO PROJECf TITLE: Time-lapse JOint Inversion of GEOphysical Dala and its Application to Geothermal Prospecting GEODE Funding Opportunity Announcement Number Procurement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number CID Number DOE DE-FOA-0000522 DE-EE0005513 GFO-OOO5513-001 0 Based on my review o(the information concerning the proposed action, as NEPA Compliance Officer (authorizt'd under DOE Order 451.1A),1 han made the (ollowing determination: ex, EA, EIS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description: A9 Infoonatlon gathering, analysIs, and dissemination InformatIOn gathenng (including, but not limited to, literature surveys, Inventories, Site viSits, and audits). data analysIs
Un modle de commande pour le contrle des instabilits de combustion
Un modèle de commande pour le contrôle des instabilités de combustion Landau Ioan-Doré Bouziani pour l'instabilité de combustion. Ce système est analysé en utilisant la méthode de Krylov'analyse sont comparés avec des tests en simulation. Mots-clésmodélisation, instabilité de combustion, systèmes
Purification of silicon by the silicon fluoride transport process. Thermochemical study
A computer-assisted thermochemical equilibrium analysis was conducted for the silicon transport reaction: Si(s) + SiF/sub 4/(g) = (intermediates) = Si(s) + SiF/sub 4/(g). The calculations indicated that a substantial transport rate should be possible at temperatures of 1700/sup 0/K and one atmosphere pressure. Computations were made to determine whether the elemental impurities present in metallurgical-grade silicon would transfer in this process. It was concluded that aluminum, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, and zirconium would not transfer, but that boron, magnesium, phosphorus, and titanium would transfer.
Rhein, R.A.
ACEEE Int. J. on Communication, Vol. 02, No. 03, Nov2011 DOI:01.IJCOM.02.03.524
's classification of the cone C(R) of orderings of a formally r* *eal field is effectively tight, that is: For any s we have an approximation As to A and approximations xe,i,s, ye,i,sand ze,i,sto some of the numbers xe,i,sis undefined, set xe,i,s= s. e.i.2) If xe,i,sand 'e,s(xe,i,s) are defined but ye,i,sis not, choose a valu
Direct Detector for Terahertz Radiation - Energy ...
Patent 7,420,225: Direct detector for terahertz radiation A direct detector for terahertz radiation comprises a grating-gated field-effect transistor ...
ESS 2012 Peer Review - DOE-EPRI Energy Storage Handbook in Collaborati...
Abbas Akhil Dr. Imre Gyuk and the Department of Energy's Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability support is gratefully acknowledged. Electricity Storage Handbook ...
ESS 2012 Peer Review - Energy Storage Test Pad - David Rose,...
Energy Storage Test Pad Date 09282012 Name David Rose The author gratefully acknowledges the support of Dr. Imre Gyuk and the Department of Energy's Office of Electricity...
Solid-State Lighting Issue 13: Scientific Literature (April ...
in periodically corrugated layers: the grating-assisted resonant-cavity light-emitting diode." Delbeke, D., Bienstman, P., Bockstaele, R., and Baets, R. in Journal of the...
DOE Announces More Key Administration Posts | Department of Energy
Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy. President Obama said, "At this critical moment in our nation's history, I am grateful that these...
and Scheduling Procedures Current SPEAR and Beam Line Schedules SOURCE: 30-pole, 1.45-Tesla Wiggler ID Side Station BEAM LINE SPECIFICATIONS: energy range grating type resolution...
BSA 11-15: Reactive Ion Etching of Monolayer and ...
Patent Status: Application Number 20120205785 was published on August 16, 2012. Summary. Multilayer grating, with a line/spacing of 0.5, 115 ...
TMS 2012: Corporate Sponsors
TMS 2012: Corporate Sponsors March 11-15, 2012 � Orlando, FL. TMS gratefully acknowledges the support of the following corporate sponsors. To learn how to�...
The Effect of Partial Vacuum on the Fatigue Crack Growth of Nickel ...
Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under DARPA Orders. M359-00 and M978- 00 is gratefully acknowledged. The encouragement for this work by co-workers�...
February 4, 1995, Board staff trip report on Savannah River Site...
are routed on steel grating above tank 48. This condition violates NFPA 70, National Electric Code (NEC), requirements and creates a worker safety concern. The staff considers...
Slide 1
and Technology Team Leader, NCCC * DOE major funder with several co-funders providing essential cost share. * NCCC gratefully acknowledges their support and encouragement with...
Thin-film spectroscopic sensor
There is disclosed an integrated spectrometer for chemical analysis by evanescent electromagnetic radiation absorption in a reaction volume. The spectrometer comprises a noninteractive waveguide, a substrate, an entrance grating and an exit grating, an electromagnetic radiation source, and an electromagnetic radiation sensing device. There is further disclosed a chemical sensor to determine the pressure and concentration of a chemical species in a mixture comprising an interactive waveguide, a substrate, an entrance grating and an exit grating, an electromagnetic radiation source, and an electromagnetic radiation sensing device.
Burgess, Jr., Lloyd W. (Seattle, WA); Goldman, Don S. (Richland, WA)
Style Guide for Word Users for the NIST Special Publication ...
... Description: Located above lighting grid in the vicinity ... opened through horizontal grates to the street. ... effort to monitor employees and prevent theft; ...
Reactions of the CN Radical with Benzene and Toluene: Product Detection and Low-Temperature Kinetics
Facility, Mail Stop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories,is gratefully acknowledged. Sandia authors and some of theDepartment of Energy. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory
Trevitt, Adam J.
c2an15938d 1..6
authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research through the BioEnergy Science...
EUV Detector Radiometry Beamline
... The second grating is ruled with 300 lines per millimeter and is ... detector responsivity; filter transmission; uniformity of responsivity or transmission. ...
Vapor-Phase-Deposited Organosilane Coatings as "Hardening" Agents for High-Peak-Power Laser Optics
Multilayer-dielectric (MLD) diffraction gratings are used in high-power laser systems to compress laser-energy pulses. The peak power deliverable on target for these short-pulse petawatt class systems is limited by the laser-damage resistance of the optical components in the system, especially the MLD gratings. Recent experiments in our laboratory have shown that vapor treatment of MLD gratings at room temperature with organosilanes such as hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) produces an increase in their damage threshold as compared to uncoated MLD grating control samples.
Marshall, K.L.; Culakova, Z.; Ashe, B.; Giacofei, C.; Rigatti, A.L.; Kessler, T.J.; Schmid, A.W.; Oliver, J.B.; Kozlov, A.
Collins Mechanism Contributions to Single Spin Asymmetry
We are grateful to RIKEN, Brookhaven National Laboratory andCenter, Building 510A, Brookhaven National Laboratory,experiment from RHIC at Brookhaven, and the relevant e + e ?
Yuan, Feng
Transverse Spin Physics: Recent Developments
BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton,experiment from RHIC at Brookhaven, and the very relevant eWe are grateful to RIKEN, Brookhaven National Laboratory and
Custom MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical Systems) - Microsystems Science...
RF Switches Microoptics MEMS Microoptics MEMS Optical Microphone MEMS Mirrors Nano-grating Based Low-G Inertial Sensor Nanophotonic Optical Transducers for displacement...
... We are grateful to Drs. Joe Grcar, Marc Day, and John Bell (LBNL) for sharing and discussing details of their Navier- Stokes flame simulations. ...
Alloy Development for Clean and Efficient Energy Technologies
Mar 4, 2013 ... Support from the Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy through Ames Laboratory (DE-AC02-07CH11358) and ORNL is gratefully�...
Untitled Page
This award represents many years of hard work at the CAST Cooperative Research Center. We are very grateful to our industry partners Pacific Aluminium and�...
Automated DecisionAnalytic Diagnosis of Thermal Performance in Gas Turbines
Automated DecisionAnalytic Diagnosis of Thermal Performance in Gas Turbines To be presented Abstract We have developed an expert system for diagno sis of e#ciency problems for large gas turbines the ultimate goal of applying the system in the daytoday maintenance of gas turbine power plants. A Overview
Horvitz, Eric
Automated Decision-Analytic Diagnosis of Thermal Performance in Gas Turbines
Automated Decision-Analytic Diagnosis of Thermal Performance in Gas Turbines To be presented Abstract We have developed an expert system for diagno- sis of efficiency problems for large gas turbines the ultimate goal of applying the system in the day-to-day maintenance of gas- turbine power plants. A Overview
Epidemiological modeling of news and rumors on Twitter
Characterizing information diffusion on social platforms like Twitter enables us to understand the properties of underlying media and model communication patterns. As Twitter gains in popularity, it has also become a venue to broadcast rumors and misinformation. ... Keywords: SEIZ, SIS, epidemiological modeling, rumor detection
Fang Jin; Edward Dougherty; Parang Saraf; Yang Cao; Naren Ramakrishnan
J. Vounckx, N. Azemard, and P. Maurine (Eds.): PATMOS 2006, LNCS 4148, pp. 360 369, 2006. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006
. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 Energy-Delay Space Analysis for Clocked Storage Elements Under- sis in ED (Energy-Delay) space [15]. This analysis is then extended across a set of topologies-Delay Space Analysis for Clocked Storage Elements 361 2 Efficient Energy-Delay Approach Fig. 1. Energy
California at Davis, University of
Disentangling the relations between safety and security
This article aims at a finer apprehension of the relations between safety and security, which are intrinsically and increasingly intricate. We introduce a new conceptual framework to better capture their moving perimeters. Then, we present our on-going ... Keywords: SIS, computer security, dependability, industrial control systems, safety, safety systems, security
Ludovic Pietre-Cambacedes; Claude Chaudet
National Aeronautics and Space Administration www.nasa.gov
systems during the 2010 and 2011 deployments to Greenland. The CReSIS team perform measurements in conjunction with laser surface elevation measurements being performed by NASA Centers. Scien- tists around structure and describes the Agency's performance management system and management controls (i.e., values
Quantum-limited detection of millimeter waves using superconducting tunnel junctions
The quasiparticle tunneling current in a superconductor-insulator- superconductor (SIS) tunnel junction is highly nonlinear. Such a nonlinearity can be used to mix two millimeter wave signals to produce a signal at a much lower intermediate frequency. We have constructed several millimeter and sub-millimeter wave SIS mixers in order to study high frequency response of the quasiparticle tunneling current and the physics of high frequency mixing. We have made the first measurement of the out-of-phase tunneling currents in an SIS tunnel junction. We have developed a method that allows us to determine the parameters of the high frequency embedding circuit by studying the details of the pumped I-V curve. We have constructed a 80--110 GHz waveguide-based mixer test apparatus that allows us to accurately measure the gain and added noise of the SIS mixer under test. Using extremely high quality tunnel junctions, we have measured an added mixer noise of 0.61 {plus_minus} 0.36 quanta, which is within 25 percent of the quantum limit imposed by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. This measured performance is in excellent agreement with that predicted by Tucker`s theory of quantum mixing. We have also studied quasioptically coupled millimeter- and submillimeter-wave mixers using several types of integrated tuning elements. 83 refs.
Mears, C.A.
The quasiparticle tunneling current in a superconductor-insulator- superconductor (SIS) tunnel junction is highly nonlinear. Such a nonlinearity can be used to mix two millimeter wave signals to produce a signal at a much lower intermediate frequency. We have constructed several millimeter and sub-millimeter wave SIS mixers in order to study high frequency response of the quasiparticle tunneling current and the physics of high frequency mixing. We have made the first measurement of the out-of-phase tunneling currents in an SIS tunnel junction. We have developed a method that allows us to determine the parameters of the high frequency embedding circuit by studying the details of the pumped I-V curve. We have constructed a 80--110 GHz waveguide-based mixer test apparatus that allows us to accurately measure the gain and added noise of the SIS mixer under test. Using extremely high quality tunnel junctions, we have measured an added mixer noise of 0.61 {plus minus} 0.36 quanta, which is within 25 percent of the quantum limit imposed by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. This measured performance is in excellent agreement with that predicted by Tucker's theory of quantum mixing. We have also studied quasioptically coupled millimeter- and submillimeter-wave mixers using several types of integrated tuning elements. 83 refs.
JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV Colloque C7,supplkmentau Journal de Physique 111,Volume 3, novembre 1993
properties to devise coatings for various types energy-efficient buildings. Empha- sis is put on large. Emphasis is put on coatings for energy efficiency and solar energy applications, and key concepts leads naturally to a series of materials - often used as coatings - for energy efficient glazings. We
The HADES-at-FAIR project
After the completion of the experimental program at SIS18 the HADES setup will migrate to FAIR, where it will deliver high-quality data for heavy-ion collisions in an unexplored energy range of up to 8 A GeV. In this contribution, we briefly present the physics case, relevant detector characteristics and discuss the recently completed upgrade of HADES.
Lapidus, K., E-mail: email@example.com [Excellence Cluster 'Origin and Structure of the Universe' (Germany); Agakishiev, G. [Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (Russian Federation); Balanda, A. [Jagiellonian University, Smoluchowski Institute of Physics (Poland); Bassini, R. [Sezione di Milano, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy); Behnke, C. [J.W.Goethe-Universitaet, Institut fuer Kernphysik (Germany); Belyaev, A. [Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (Russian Federation); Blanco, A. [LIP-Laboratorio de Instrumentacao e Fisica Experimental de Particulas (Portugal); Boehmer, M. [Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Physik Department E12 (Germany); Cabanelas, P. [Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Departamento de Fisica de Particulas (Spain); Carolino, N. [LIP-Laboratorio de Instrumentacao e Fisica Experimental de Particulas (Portugal); Chen, J. C. [Excellence Cluster 'Origin and Structure of the Universe' (Germany); Chernenko, S. [Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (Russian Federation); Diaz, J. [Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (Spain); Dybczak, A. [Jagiellonian University, Smoluchowski Institute of Physics (Poland); Collaboration: HADES Collaboration; and others
Graduate Studies University of rochester
and macromolecules, as envisaged by Szent-Gyorgi. Because coherent water is excited water with a plasma of almost to the radio waves and microwaves used in mobile telecommunication (see Non-Thermal Effects , SiS 17 of angular momentum, produces a counter-rotation of the plasma of quasi-free electrons in the CDs, whose
Cantlon, Jessica F.
Historical Range of Variability and Current Landscape Condition Analysis
with a germination mixture (Sunshine mix #3 by SunGro Horticul- ture Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada). We (Asteraceae). Masters the- sis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. CLAUSEN pipeline: Xylem physiology in the light of ion-mediated regulation of plant water transport. Journal
Packed Bed Combustion: An Overview
Packed Bed Combustion: An Overview William Hallett Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Université d'Ottawa - University of Ottawa #12;Packed Bed Combustion - University of Ottawa - CICS 2005 Introduction air fuel feedproducts xbed grate Packed Bed Combustion: fairly large particles of solid fuel on a grate, air supplied
Hallett, William L.H.
Paraxial SGM beamlines for coherence experiments at the Advanced Light Source
Beamlines have been designed for coherence experiments at the ALS based on brightness preserving spherical grating monochromators. The operation is almost paraxial so that a very simple scheme can deliver the modest spectral resolution required, with just two focusing optics, one of which is the spherical grating.
Warwick, Anthony I; Warwick, Anthony I; Howells, Malcolm
Test surfaces useful for calibration of surface profilometers
The present invention provides for test surfaces and methods for calibration of surface profilometers, including interferometric and atomic force microscopes. Calibration is performed using a specially designed test surface, or the Binary Pseudo-random (BPR) grating (array). Utilizing the BPR grating (array) to measure the power spectral density (PSD) spectrum, the profilometer is calibrated by determining the instrumental modulation transfer.
Yashchuk, Valeriy V; McKinney, Wayne R; Takacs, Peter Z
Progress in Direct-Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion Research
Temperature Radius Massdensity Hot spot Burn wave Ablator DT ice #12;A-beam smoothing is critical to ICF ignition I1771 EO phase modulator Grating Amplifiers Grating Focusing optics Angular dispersion f Oscillator Phase Plates1 Measured far field of an OMEGA indirect-drive phase plate
Cement and Concrete Composites 19 (1997) 21 -33 1997 Elsevier Science Limited
's durability. The fiber-optic grating acts as a wavelength- selective mirror for incoming light as is depicted.' 7 Successful implementation of fiber-optic Bragg grating based sensor systems is highly dependent Britain. All rights reserved 0958·94651971$17.00 ELSEVIER PI I: $095 8- 9465 (96) 00040-6 Fiber-optic
Plaid Models for Gene Expression Data Laura Lazzeroni
in noise. We prefer to work with R = 4 on small data sets and R = 3 on larger ones. Computational costs.25 SEAWEED, SPIRULINA, DRIED 1 OZ 1.04 PARMESAN CHEESE, GRATED 1 OZ 1.04 PARMESAN CHEESE, GRATED 1 CUP 1
Owen, Art
European Bulletin of Himalayan Research (EBHR) Volume 25 - 26, Autumn 2003 - Spring 2004
in Heidelberg (2002) at the panel convened by Gis�le Krauskopff and myself. I am grateful to all the participants for their contributions. As the editor of the present collection I am also grateful to Andr�s H�fer and Bo Sax for their support...
South Asia Institute, Heidelberg University, Germany; (CNRS) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France; (SOAS) School of Oriental and African Studies, UK
High-efficiency spectral purity filter for EUV lithography
An asymmetric-cut multilayer diffracts EUV light. A multilayer cut at an angle has the same properties as a blazed grating, and has been demonstrated to have near-perfect performance. Instead of having to nano-fabricate a grating structure with imperfections no greater than several tens of nanometers, a thick multilayer is grown on a substrate and then cut at an inclined angle using coarse and inexpensive methods. Effective grating periods can be produced this way that are 10 to 100 times smaller than those produced today, and the diffraction efficiency of these asymmetric multilayers is higher than conventional gratings. Besides their ease of manufacture, the use of an asymmetric multilayer as a spectral purity filter does not require that the design of an EUV optical system be modified in any way, unlike the proposed use of blazed gratings for such systems.
Chapman, Henry N. (Livermore, CA)
Argonne CNM News: Casimir Force Reduction through Nanostructuring
Casimir Force Reduction through Nanostructuring Casimir Force Reduction through Nanostructuring Casimir force reduction (a) Configuration used to measure the Casimir force between a gold-coated sphere and a nanostructured grating. The sphere is attached to the torsional plate of a micromechanical oscillator and the nanostructured grating is fixed to a single-mode optical fiber. SEM images: (b) nanostructured grating limited by two uniform films (scale bar, 100 µm). (c) Magnified grating showing the high spatial uniformity (scale bar, 400 nm). (d) cross-section of a single grating element (scale bar, 100 nm). By nanostructuring one of two interacting metal surfaces at scales below the plasma wavelength, a new regime in the Casimir force was observed by researchers in the Center for Nanoscale Materials Nanofabrication & Devices
Imaging magnetic sources in the presence of superconducting surfaces : model&experiment
The forward physics model describing the effect of a superconducting surface on the magnetic field distribution resulting from specific magnetic sources has numerous applications ranging from basic physics experiments to large superconducting magnets used in energy storage and magnetic resonance imaging. In this paper, we describe the novel application of a superconducting imaging surface (SIS) to enhance the performance of systems designed to directly observe and localize human brain function. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures the weak magnetic fields emanating from the brain as a direct consequence of the neuronal currents resulting from brain function[1]. The extraordinarily weak magnetic fields are measured by an array of SQUID (Superconducting QUantum Interference Device) sensors. The position and vector characteristics of these neuronal sources can be estimated from the inverse solution of the field distribution at the surface of the head. In addition, MEG temporal resolution is unsurpassed by any other method currently used for brain imaging. Although MEG source reconstruction is limited by solutions of the electromagnetic inverse problem, constraints used for source localization produce reliable results. A novel MEG system incorporating a SIS has been designed and built at Los Alamos with the goal of dramatically improving source localization accuracy while mitigating limitations of current systems (e.g. low signal-to-noise, cost, bulk). We incorporate shielding and source field measurement into an integrated design and combine the latest SQUID and data acquisition technology. The Los Alamos MEG system is based on the principal that fields from nearby sources measured by a SQUID sensor array while the SIS simultaneously shields the sensor array from distant noise fields. In general, Meissner currents flow in the surface of superconductors, preventing any significant penetration of magnetic fields. A hemispherical SIS with a brim, or helmet, surrounds the SQUID sensor array largely sheilding the SQUID sensors from sources outside the helmet. We present the general derivation of the forward model used to describe the effect of a SIS on source fields. Experimental data for the SIS-MEG system are compared with computed field distributions for a comprehensive set of sources.
Matlachov, A. N. (Andrei N.); Espy, M. A. (Michelle A.); Volegov, P. (Petr); Flynn, E. R. (Edward. R.); Maharajh, K. (Keeran); Kraus, Robert H., Jr.
Instrument and method for focusing x rays, gamma rays, and neutrons
A crystal-diffraction instrument or diffraction-grating instrument is described with an improved crystalline structure or grating spacing structure having a face for receiving a beam of photons or neutrons and diffraction planar spacing or grating spacing along that face with the spacing increasing progressively along the face to provide a decreasing Bragg diffraction angle for a monochromatic radiation and thereby increasing the usable area and acceptance angle. The increased planar spacing for the diffraction crystal is provided by the use of a temperature differential across the line structures with different compositions, by an individual crystalline structure with a varying composition and thereby a changing planar spacing along its face, and by combinations of these techniques. The increased diffraction grating element spacing is generated during the fabrication of the diffraction grating by controlling the cutting tool that is cutting the grooves or controlling the laser beam, electron beam, or ion beam that is exposing the resist layer, etc. It is also possible to vary this variation in grating spacing by applying a thermal gradient to the diffraction grating in much the same manner as is done in the crystal-diffraction case.
Smither, R.K.
Advances in low energy neutral atom imaging techniques
Recently proposed low energy neutral atom (LENA) imaging techniques use a collisional process to convert the low energy neutrals into ions before detection. At low energies, collisional processes limit the angular resolution and conversion efficiencies of these devices. However, if the intense ultraviolet light background can be suppressed, direct LENA detection is possible. We present results from a series of experiments designed to develop a novel filtering structure based on free-standing transmission gratings. If the grating period is sufficiently small, free standing transmission gratings can be employed to substantially polarize ultraviolet (UV) light in the wavelength range 300 [Angstrom] to 1500 [Angstrom]. If a second grating is placed behind the first grating with its axis of polarization oriented at a right angle to the first's, a substantial attenuation of UV radiation is achievable. ne neutrals will pass through the remaining open area of two gratings and be detected without UV background complications. We have obtained nominal 2000 [Angstrom] period (1000 [Angstrom] bars with 1000 [Angstrom] slits) free standing, gold transmission gratings and measured their UV and atomic transmission characteristics. The geometric factor of a LENA imager based on this technology is comparable to that of other proposed LENA imagers. In addition, this of imager does not distort the neutral trajectories, allowing for high angular resolution.
Scime, E.E.; Funsten, H.O.; McComas, D.J.; Moore, K.R. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)); Gruntman, M. (University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Space Sciences Center)
Recently proposed low energy neutral atom (LENA) imaging techniques use a collisional process to convert the low energy neutrals into ions before detection. At low energies, collisional processes limit the angular resolution and conversion efficiencies of these devices. However, if the intense ultraviolet light background can be suppressed, direct LENA detection is possible. We present results from a series of experiments designed to develop a novel filtering structure based on free-standing transmission gratings. If the grating period is sufficiently small, free standing transmission gratings can be employed to substantially polarize ultraviolet (UV) light in the wavelength range 300 {Angstrom} to 1500 {Angstrom}. If a second grating is placed behind the first grating with its axis of polarization oriented at a right angle to the first`s, a substantial attenuation of UV radiation is achievable. ne neutrals will pass through the remaining open area of two gratings and be detected without UV background complications. We have obtained nominal 2000 {Angstrom} period (1000 {Angstrom} bars with 1000 {Angstrom} slits) free standing, gold transmission gratings and measured their UV and atomic transmission characteristics. The geometric factor of a LENA imager based on this technology is comparable to that of other proposed LENA imagers. In addition, this of imager does not distort the neutral trajectories, allowing for high angular resolution.
Scime, E.E.; Funsten, H.O.; McComas, D.J.; Moore, K.R. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Gruntman, M. [University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Space Sciences Center
Dispersion-compensated Fresnel lens
A transmission grating is used to reduce chromatic aberration in a Fresnel lens, wherein the lens chromatic dispersion is offset and substantially canceled by the grating's diffraction-induced dispersion. The grating comprises a Fresnel-type pattern of microscopic facets molded directly into the lens surface. The facets would typically have a profile height of around 4[times]10[sup [minus]5] inch and a profile width of at least 10[sup [minus]3] inch. In its primary intended application, the invention would function to improve the optical performance of a Fresnel lens used to concentrate direct sunlight. 10 figs.
Johnson, K.C.
assistance by Angelica Salvi del Pero is gratefully acknowledged. The author is also grateful to all the people interviewed during his mission to Azerbaijan, November 19 th to 28, 2002, for their help and cooperation. He is also grateful to S. Akhtar, Y.Qian, J. Liang and L. Papi of ADB for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this report. The views expressed here are only those of the authors and not of the Asian Development Bank or of any of the people interviewed. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................................... 4
Study Giorgio; Barba Navaretti; Universit� Degli Studi Di Milano
Radiative heat transfer between two dielectric nanogratings in the scattering approach
We present a theoretical study of radiative heat transfer between dielectric nanogratings in the scattering approach. As a comparision with these exact results, we also evaluate the domain of validity of Derjaguin's Proximity Approximation (PA). We consider a system of two corrugated silica plates with various grating geometries, separation distances, and lateral displacement of the plates with respect to one another. Numerical computations show that while the PA is a good approximation for aligned gratings, it cannot be used when the gratings are laterally displaced. We illustrate this by a thermal modulator device for nanosystems based on such a displacement.
J. Lussange; R. Gu�rout; F. S. S. Rosa; J. -J. Greffet; A. Lambrecht; S. Reynaud
Reversible Mode Switching in Y coupled Terahertz Lasers
Electrically independent terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are optically coupled in a Y configuration. Dual frequency, electronically switchable emission is achieved in one QCL using an aperiodic grating, designed using computer-generated hologram techniques, incorporated directly into the QCL waveguide by focussed ion beam milling. Multi-moded emission around 2.9 THz is inhibited, lasing instead occurring at switchable grating-selected frequencies of 2.88 and 2.92 THz. This photonic control and switching behaviour is selectively and reversibly transferred to the second, unmodified QCL via evanescent mode coupling, without the transfer of the inherent grating losses.
Marshall, Owen P; Khairuzzaman, Md; Beere, Harvey E; Ritchie, David A
GSI Rapid Cycling Magnets Project | Superconducting Magnet Division
GSI Rapid Cycling Magnets Project GSI Rapid Cycling Magnets Project While superconducting magnets easily achieve higher magnetic fields at lower cost than conventional electromagnets, it is very difficult to ramp superconducting magnets very quickly. But exactly that is needed at the planned new facility of GSI, the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (Institute for Heavy Ion Research), in Darmstadt, Germany. In the magnets of the SIS 200 ring, one of the components of the new facility, the magnetic field must be ramped from 0.5 Tesla to 4 Tesla at a rate of 1 Tesla per second. This ramp rate is almost 25 times faster than the ramp rate of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) magnets at Brookhaven National Lab (BNL), which ramp at a rate of 0.042 Tesla per second. While the SIS 200 magnets also require a slightly higher field strength than the
Conference, Houston, TX August 4-9, 2002 1 Conference, Houston, TX August 4-9, 2002 1 Superconducting Magnets for the 'International Accelerator Facility for Beams of Ions and An- tiprotons' at GSI Gebhard Moritz The facility will consist of: Abstract-The concept for GSI's planned future facility is based on two superconducting synchrotrons, SIS 100 and SIS 200. The two accelerators are in the same tunnel and have the same radius R, for operation at BR = 100 Tm and 200 Tm respectively. Su- perconducting magnets are necessary to reach the appropriate magnetic field and may considerably reduce the investment and operating costs, in comparison with conventional magnets. An R&D program was initiated to develop dipole magnets with maximum fields of 2 and 4 Tesla and dipole ramp rates of 4 T/s
Fighting against windmills: strategic information systems and organizational deep structures
This paper focuses on the process of implementing strategic information systems (SIS) by studying the radical changes it may bring to an organization's deep structure. It argues that a full understanding of the process of implementation of such systems ... Keywords: IS strategy, case study, corruption, deep structure, developing countries, government, guatemala, health in, implementation, latin america, organizational change, politics, power, public organization, punctuated equilibrium, strategic information systems
Leiser Silva; Rudy Hirschheim
On applications of Ulam-Hyers stability in biology and economics
We argue that Ulam-Hyers stability concept is quite significant in realistic problems in numerical analysis, biology and economics. A generalization to nonlinear systems is proposed and applied to the logistic equation (both differential and difference), SIS epidemic model, Cournot model in economics and a reaction diffusion equation. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time Ulam-Hyers stability is considered from the applications point of view.
E. Ahmed; A. M. A. El-Sayed; H. A. A. El-Saka; Gehan A. Ashry
Strange Particles and Neutron Stars - Experiments at Gsi
Experiments on strangeness production in nucleus-nucleus collisions at SIS energies address fundamental aspects of modern nuclear physics: the determination of the nuclear equation-of-state at high baryon densities and the properties of hadrons in dense nuclear matter. Experimental data and theoretical results will be reviewed. Future experiments at the FAIR accelerator aim at the exploration of the QCD phase diagram at highest baryon densities.
P. Senger
Web et bibliothques, entre mtaphore et Bruno Menon
1 Web et bibliothèques, entre métaphore et mimèsis Bruno Menon Laboratoire Paragraphe - Université Paris 8 Résumé Depuis l'avènement de la Toile, métaphores et comparaisons rapprochant le Web et les les facteurs. Quatre figures, de ces rapprochements sont évoquées : 1. l'utopie originelle du Web
The Coronae of AR Lac
We observed the coronally active eclipsing binary AR Lac with the High Energy Transmission Grating on Chandra for a total of 97 ks, spaced over five orbits, at quadratures and conjunctions. Contemporaneous and simultaneous ...
Huenemoerder, David P.
RICE UNIVERSITY Multiscale Analysis for Intensity and Density Estimation
was always revitalizing. I am also grateful to Dr. Eric Kolaczyk of Boston University for providing Gamma Ray Burst data. Additional thanks are due to Tycho Hoogland, Division of Neuroscience, Baylor College
Willett, Rebecca
High channel density wavelength division multiplexer with defined diffracting means positioning
A wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer is disclosed having optical path lengths between a fiber array and a Fourier transform lens, and between a dispersion grating and the lens equal to the focal length of the lens. The optical path lengths reduce losses due to angular acceptance mismatch in the multiplexer. Close orientation of the fiber array about the optical axis and the use of a holographic dispersion grating reduces other losses in the system. Multi-exposure holographic dispersion gratings enable the multiplexer/demultiplexer for extremely broad-band simultaneous transmission and reflection operation. Individual Bragg plane sets recorded in the grating are dedicated to and operate efficiently on discrete wavelength ranges. 11 figs.
Jannson, T.P.; Jannson, J.L.; Yeung, P.C.
Performance of the upgraded LTP-II at the ALS Optical Metrology Laboratory
project developed by the ALS Scientific Support Group,Beamline 4.0.1: www-als.lbl.gov/als/techspecs/ bl4.0.1.html.GLIDCOP Grating Blank for ALS Beamline 10.0.1,� LSBL-842 (
Kirschman, Jonathan L.; Advanced Light Source
2003 Electronics Materials Conference Grid
Feb 17, 2003 ... light-emitting diode (LED), and the grating, bulk glass and/or DBR filter with a CdS thin film deposited directly onto a photodetector by pulsed-.
Catastrophes A testimony
generally appear as an accident of occlusion and thus extrinsic to the grating. We hypothesized, Damascus, MD) for positioning and to prevent movement. A scleral search coil for measuring eye position
Chaperon, Marc - Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu, Université Paris 7
DOI:01.IJIT.01.02. ACEEE Int. J. on Information Technology, Vol. 01, No. 02, Sep 2011
Beamline 6.0.2
(6-month cycle) Source characteristics 3.5-cm period undulator (U3) Energy range 250 eV- 1.5 keV Monochromator White light and VLS-PGM, with two gratings (250 and 1000 linesmm)...
Imaging X-ray spectroscopy with micro-X and Chandra
High spectral resolution observations of X-ray phenomena have the potential to uncover new physics. Currently, only point sources can be probed with high resolution spectra, using gratings. Extended objects like supernova ...
Rutherford, John (John Morton)
) and the Department of Computer Sci- ence at UBC for their kind technical support. I am particularly grateful to Dave Brent, Michael Sanderson, Teresa Gomez-D´iaz, Chris Majewski, Eric Schost, and Pierre Lafon. I would
Oka, Takeshi
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Strengthening insights into host responses to
Galaxy Disks P.C. van der Kruit1
Kruit, Piet van der
Quantifying mass substructure in early-type galaxies
Groningen, Rijksuniversiteit
Variants of the Consecutive-Ones Property Motivated by the ... - CECM
vided great networking opportunities, one which has led to the position that I plan ... I am grateful to Arvind Gupta for securing the majority of the funding for this.
Integrated photonic structures for light trapping in thin-film Si solar cells
We explore the mechanisms for an efficient light trapping structure for thin-film silicon solar cells. The design combines a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and periodic gratings. Using photonic band theories and numerical ...
Sheng, Xing
The Neural Substrate of Orientation Working Memory
We have used positron emission tomography (PET) to identify the neural substrate of two major cognitive components of working memory (WM), maintenance and manipulation of a single elementary visual attribute, i.e., the orientation of a grating presented ...
L. Cornette; P. Dupont; E. Salmon; Guy A. Orban
Phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer mask designs
In a phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer, different image-plane mask designs can improve the operation of the interferometer. By keeping the test beam window of the mask small compared to the separation distance between the beams, the problem of energy from the reference beam leaking through the test beam window is reduced. By rotating the grating and mask 45.degree., only a single one-dimensional translation stage is required for phase-shifting. By keeping two reference pinholes in the same orientation about the test beam window, only a single grating orientation, and thus a single one-dimensional translation stage, is required. The use of a two-dimensional grating allows for a multiplicity of pinholes to be used about the pattern of diffracted orders of the grating at the mask. Orientation marks on the mask can be used to orient the device and indicate the position of the reference pinholes.
Goldberg, Kenneth Alan (Berkeley, CA)
Measurements of Spin Dynamics Reveal that Shape of Excitons in Quantum Rod Heterostructures Changes with Size (Fact Sheet)
Using femtosecond cross-polarized transient grating (CPTG) and polarization anisotropy, NREL was able to probe the extent of electronic delocalization in CdSe/CdS quantum rod heterostructures (QRH) with a 'dot-in-rod' geometry.
Not Available
JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE C o l l o q u e C2, S u p p l 6 m e n t au n 0 6 , Tome 49, juin 1988
grating to match it exactly to our device array size. The light emitting diode is used to illuminate both the devices and the arrays of reflectors in the different image planes. A light emitting diode operating
Photonics High
of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. SAND 2008-0486P 012008 Figure 2: Photo of the movable MEMS silicon mirror and grating...
Design and fabrication of high-index-contrast self-assembled texture for light extraction enhancement in LEDs
We developed a high-index-contrast photonic structure for improving the light extraction efficiency of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by a self-assembly approach. In this approach, a two-dimensional grating can be ...
thanks go to Rob, absolutely for everything. This work was partially supported by the ASHRAE RP-1119, and partially supported by an ASHRAE Grant-in-Aid scholarship. ASHRAE's support is gratefully acknowledged. #12
Assessment of Superstructure Ice Protection as Applied to Offshore Oil Operations Safety Ice Protection Technologies, Safety Enhancements, and Development Needs
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. COVER: Ice protection technologies�clockwise from upper left (reprinted with permission): 1. Feltwick Anti-Icing Grate from Innovative Dynamics Inc. 2. Ocean Bounty semi-submersible iced in Cook Inlet
Charles C. Ryerson April; Vacca Heater From Vacca Inc; Charles C. Ryerson
Ideologies of language and gesture among Q'eqchi'-Maya mainstream and charismatic Catholics
eternal gratitude. B�antiox eere. I am grateful to Elisabet,nimajwal Dios li nimajwal taxaq chi b�eeresinq eere ut chiosob�tesinq eere ut tooxiq sa� tuqtuq�il uusilal. Augustine:
Hoenes del Pinal, Eric
Nanostructured ZnO arrays with self-ZnO layer created using simple electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly
Formation of unique ZnO nanoarrays utilizing photodynamic polymer, surface-relief grating structures, and unique electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly as a simple and economical methodology was demonstrated. Atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron ...
PilHo Huh; Seong-Cheol Kim
Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods, First edition
� � �All practicing managers and business decision makers should be grateful to Fleisher and Bensoussan for showing them how their analysis work can become more rigorous and their approach less casual. Accept no imitations. This is ...
Craig Fleisher; Babette Bensoussan
Published: June 14, 2011 r 2011 American Chemical Society 2896 dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef2005332 |Energy Fuels 2011, 25, 28962908
: sea spray, snow, glaze, rime, frost, and sleet. Fourteen ice protection technology categories.........................................................................................................32 Fixed Anti-Icing Spray Technology (FAST ........................13 Figure 7. Open grating walkways can rapidly fill with ice caused by sea spray or fog, and nonskid
Lee, Tonghun
Ultra-high precision scanning beam interference lithography and its application : spatial frequency multiplication
Scanning beam interference lithography (SBIL) is a technique developed at MIT in 2003. The SBIL system, referred to as the Nanoruler, could fabricate grating patterns with around ten-nanometer phase repeatability. There ...
Zhao, Yong, 1980-
Designing and control of a SOFC micro-CHP system
system electric and cogeneration efficiencies. In particular, the anode gas recycle has the effect the finalization of my thesis and I am grateful to the many people who have helped and guided me over the past
Liso, Vincenzo
Hotel Cambridge, Massachusetts Oct. 23, 2003 #12;Space Nanotechnology Laboratory M a s s a c h u s e problem: ! Eliminate laser interferometer. ! Adopt optical encoders utilizing nano-accurate gratings
Volume 6, Issue 10 October 14, 2013
Tree Hotel. We are grateful for the support of our donors who are helping UMR students achieve in the parking garage? Any UMR student, staff, or faculty member who would like to utilize Premier Security
Netoff, Theoden
20% Wind Energy by 2030: Increasing Wind Energy's Contribution...
GRATEFUL APPRECIATION TO PARTNERS The U.S. Department of Energy would like to acknowledge the in-depth analysis and extensive research conducted by the National Renewable Energy...
For Presentation at the Asia-North-American Waste Management Conference
by the of 06 Kraftwerke AG, Teilbetrieb Welser Abfallverwertung, Wels, Austria and the anniversary Foundation of the Austrian National Bank (Grant 5814/5). The author gratefully thanks to all personnel of the 06 Kraftwerke
On the toughening of brittle materials by grain bridging: promoting intergranular fracture through grain angle, strength, and toughness
is grateful for the support of Sandia National Laboratories,operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company,Klein c , R.O. Ritchie d,e, ? a Sandia b Department National
Foulk III, J.W.; Johnson, G.C.; Klein, P.A.; Ritchie, R.O.
The Development of a Miniature Optical Sensor for Balloon-Borne Measurements of Ozone Profiles
A new autonomous balloon-borne sounding system for the measurement of stratospheric trace gas profiles was designed and constructed. Major components of the sonde are a miniature grating spectrometer, which covers a wavelength range from the ...
Mareile A. Wolff; Andreas Herber; Hans-Werner Jacobi; Otto Schrems; Jan Hoops; Wilfried Ruhe
! 2 nd International Symposium on Wireless Communications
Program Committees and the Organization Staff are grateful to the sponsors listed below for their important supports to the success of the Conferences. Special thanks to Alcatel that has provided the WiFi coverage in the conference rooms.
The General Chair; Giovanni Giambene; The Co-chair; Boon Sain Yeo; The Technical
Copositive and Semidefinite Relaxations of the Quadratic ...
Apr 29, 2008 ... We take a systematic look at various ... �Partial support by Marie Curie Research Training Network MCRTN-CT-2003-504438 (ADONET) is gratefully ..... ations, which follow from this approach and are strongly connected with�...
EGGS Held above 41 F for over 2 hours
, Romano Safe Processed Cheeses Safe Shredded Cheeses Discard Low-fat Cheeses Discard Grated, or seafood; soy meat substitutes Discard Thawing meat or poultry Discard Meat, tuna, shrimp,chicken
Liskiewicz, Maciej
DOE-Funded Research Projects Win 39 R&D Awards for 2010 | Department...
X-ray free electron laser energy monitor non-intrusively measures the energy of ultrahigh intensity X-ray pulses produced by revolutionary X-ray free electron lasers. Grating...
Desulfurization of phosphogypsum
Phosphogypsum is mixed with fine coal, balled, and charged to a travelling grate where the charge is heated under reducing conditions to evolve sulfur and/or sulfur dioxide for conversion into sulfuric acid.
Gardner, S.A.; Ban, Th.E.
Optical characterization of complex mechanical and thermal transport properties
Time-resolved impulsive stimulated light scattering (ISS), also known as transient grating spectroscopy, was used to investigate phonon mediated thermal transport in semiconductors and mechanical degrees of freedom linked ...
Johnson, Jeremy A. (Jeremy Andrew)
A Study of Coal-Based Direct Reduction of Composite Binder ...
Abstract Scope, A study of the coal-based direct reduction behaviors of composite ... pellets was carried out in a simulating coal-based grate-rotary kiln process.
Photoelectrochemical etching of semiconductors
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching of III-V semiconductors has been used to fabricate unique structures in electronic and photonic devices, such as integral lenses on light-emitting diodes, gratings on laser structures, and through-wafer via connections ...
P. A. Kohl
Measuring Primary and Secondary School Characteristics: A Group-Based Modeling
Minnesota, and data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. We are grateful toWe analyze data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS),
Halpern-Manners, Andrew; Warren, John Robert; Brand, Jennie E.
Technological assessment of light-trapping technology for thin-film Si solar cell
The proposed light trapping technology of Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) with Diffraction Grating (DG) and Anti-Reflection Coating (ARC) for thin film Si solar cell was analyzed from the technology, market, and ...
Susantyoko, Rahmat Agung
High-Altitude Balloon Test of Satellite Solar Occultation Instrument for Monitoring Stratospheric O3, H2O and HNOHNO
In June 1982 a multi-detector infrared grating spectrometer was carried by a balloon to an altitude of 39 km at Palestine, Texas, where it measured intensities of solar radiation transmitted by the stratosphere before and during sunset. The ...
M. P. Weinreb; W. A. Morcan; I-Lok Chang; L. D. Johnson; P. A. Bridges; A. C. Neuendorffer
Particulate Composites III
Oct 19, 2011 ... Support from the USDOE-FE (ARM program) through Ames Laboratory contract no. DE-AC02-07CH11358 is gratefully acknowledged. 2:40 PM
Radon in Soil Gas Above Bedrock Fracture Sets at the Shepley�s Hill Superfund Site
The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) recently provided technical support for ongoing environmental remediation activities at the Shepley�s Hill remediation site near Devens, MA (Figure 1). The technical support was requested as follow-on work to an initial screening level radiation survey conducted in 2008. The purpose of the original study was to assess the efficacy of the INL-developed Backpack Sodium Iodide System (BaSIS) for detecting elevated areas of natural radioactivity due to the decay of radon-222 gases emanating from the underlying fracture sets. Although the results from the initial study were mixed, the BaSIS radiation surveys did confirm that exposed bedrock outcrops have higher natural radioactivity than the surficial soils, thus a high potential for detecting elevated levels of radon and/or radon daughter products. (INL 2009) The short count times associated with the BaSIS measurements limited the ability of the system to respond to elevated levels of radioactivity from a subsurface source, in this instance radon gas emanating from fracture sets. Thus, it was postulated that a different methodology be employed to directly detect the radon in the soil gases. The CR-39 particle track detectors were investigated through an extensive literature and technology search. The relatively long deployment or �detection� time of several days, as well as the sensitivity of the measurement and robustness of the detectors made the CR-39 technology promising for deployment at the Shepley�s Hill site.
J.R. Giles; T.L. McLing; M.V. Carpenter; C.J. Smith; W. Brandon
Measuring short electron bunch lengths using coherent smith-purcell radiation
A method is provided for directly determining the length of sub-picosecond electron bunches. A metallic grating is formed with a groove spacing greater than a length expected for the electron bunches. The electron bunches are passed over the metallic grating to generate coherent and incoherent Smith-Purcell radiation. The angular distribution of the coherent Smith-Purcell radiation is then mapped to directly deduce the length of the electron bunches.
Nguyen, Dinh C. (Los Alamos, NM)
Alignment of the photoelectron spectroscopy beamline at NSRL
The photoelectron spectroscopy beamline at National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) is equipped with a spherical grating monochromator with the included angle of 174 deg. Three gratings with line density of 200, 700 and 1200 lines/mm are used to cover the energy region from 60 eV to 1000 eV. After several years operation, the spectral resolution and flux throughput were deteriorated, realignment is necessary to improve the performance. First, the wavelength scanning mechanism, the optical components position and the exit slit guide direction are aligned according to the design value. Second, the gratings are checked by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). And then the gas absorption spectrum is measured to optimize the focusing condition of the monochromator. The spectral resolving power is recovered to the designed value of 1000@244eV. The flux at the end station for the 200 lines/mm grating is about 10^10 photons/sec/200mA, which is in accordance with the design. The photon flux for the 700 lines/mm grating is about 5 X 10^8 photons/sec/200mA, which is lower than expected. This poor flux throughput may be caused by carbon contamination on the optical components. The 1200 lines/mm grating has roughness much higher than expected so the diffraction efficiency is too low to detect any signal. A new grating would be ordered. After the alignment, the beamline has significant performance improvements in both the resolving power and the flux throughput for 200 and 700 lines/mm gratings and is provided to users.
Chaoyang Li; Hanbin Pan; Shen Wen; Congyuan Pan; Ning An; Xuewei Du; Junfa Zhu; Qiuping Wang
Nitride semiconductors studied by atom probe tomography and correlative techniques
in hope or fear; But, grateful, take the good I find, The best of now and here.� -- John Greenleaf Whittier Acknowledgements iv I am grateful to the many people who have helped and supported me during my three years in the Cambridge Centre... .2.1.2. Challenges to the island coalescence theory .................................................. 48 3.2.2. Effect of TDs ...................................................................................... 53 188.8.131.52. Non-radiative recombination model...
Bennett, Samantha
Diffractive element in extreme-UV lithography condenser
Condensers having a mirror with a diffraction grating in projection lithography using extreme ultra-violet significantly enhances critical dimension control. The diffraction grating has the effect of smoothing the illumination at the camera's entrance pupil with minimum light loss. Modeling suggests that critical dimension control for 100 nm features can be improved from 3 nm to less than about 0.5 nm.
Sweatt, William C. (Albuquerque, NM); Ray-Chaudhuri, Avijit (Livermore, CA)
Sweatt, William C. (Albuquerque, NM); Ray-Chaudhurl, Avijit K. (Livermore, CA)
Measuring short electron bunch lengths using coherent Smith-Purcell radiation
A method is provided for directly determining the length of sub-picosecond electron bunches. A metallic grating is formed with a groove spacing greater than a length expected for the electron bunches. The electron bunches are passed over the metallic grating to generate coherent and incoherent Smith-Purcell radiation. The angular distribution of the coherent Smith-Purcell radiation is then mapped to directly deduce the length of the electron bunches. 8 figs.
Nguyen, D.C.
New stretcher scheme for a parametric amplifier of chirped pulses with frequency conversion
The properties of hybrid prism-grating dispersion systems are studied. The scheme of a prism-grating stretcher matched to a standard compressor in the phase dispersion up to the fourth order inclusive is developed for a petawatt laser complex based on the optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification. The stretcher was used to obtain the {approx}200-TW peak power of laser radiation. (control of laser radiation parameters)
Freidman, Gennadii I; Yakovlev, I V [Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnii Novgorod (Russian Federation)
Apparatus for injecting high power laser light into a fiber optic cable
High intensity laser light is evenly injected into an optical fiber by the combination of a converging lens and a multisegment kinoform (binary optical element). The segments preferably have multi-order gratings on each which are aligned parallel to a radial line emanating from the center of the kinoform and pass through the center of the element. The grating in each segment causes circumferential (lateral) dispersion of the light, thereby avoiding detrimental concentration of light energy within the optical fiber.
Sweatt, William C. (Albuquerque, NM)
Morale: definitions, dimensions and measurement
am very grateful to my supervisor, Philip Stiles, for his unstinting support throughout both this research and the MBA and MPhil which preceded it. He was in turn supported by Annick Stiles who kindly reviewed the statistics for me. I am indebted... of different research sites. I am grateful to Penny Bugden, Denise Clements, Richard Dellabarca, Stephen England-Hall, Nerys Evans, Sue Gibson, Kate Hartigan, Caroline Hulks, Helen Ives, Sian Jeffrey, Carole Manship, Tom Ogilvie, Adrian Roberts, Garret...
Hardy, Ben
The Laconia, New Hampshire bottom ash paving project: Volume 3, Physical Performance Testing Report
Bottom ash is the principal waste stream from the combustion of municipal solid waste (MSW). It is comprised of grate ash (97%), the slag material discharged at the end of the grate system, and grate sifting (3%), the material that melts or falls through the grate structure. This project was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of using municipal solid waste grate ash as an aggregate substitute in the construction of a pavement binder course for a portion of Rt. 3 in Laconia, New Hampshire. The research was conducted over a two year period during 1993 and 1994. This study is the culmination of an earlier two year characterization study between 1990 and 1992 that documented the physical and environmental characteristics of the bottom ash as it was produced at the Concord, N.H. waste-to-energy (@) facility and used in an asphaltic binder course. Together, these two studies provide a complete evaluation of the potential for using grate ash or bottom ash in asphalt binder course or as recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) in base courses in pavements.
The Laconia, New Hampshire Bottom, Ashi Paving Project. Volume 1: Environmental testing report
Bottom ash is the principal waste stream fro m the combustion of municipal solid waste (MSW). It is comprised of grate ash (97%), the slag material discharged at the end of the grate system and grate sffting (3%), the material that melts or falls through the grate structure. This project was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of using municipal solid waste grate ash as an aggregate substitute in the construction of a pavement binder course for a portion of Rt. 3 in Laconia, New Hampshire. The research was conducted over a two year period during 1993 and 1994. This study is the culmination of an earlier two year characterization study between 1990 and 1992 that documented the physical and environmental characteristics of the bottom ash as it was produced at the Concord, N.H. waste-to-energy (WTE) facility and used in an asphaltic binder course. Together, these two studies provide a complete evaluation of the potential for using grate ash or bottom ash in asphalt binder course or as recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) in base courses in pavements.
Essays on Service Innovation
As economies are increasingly driven by services, the introduction of new services to satisfy customers and improve firm value is becoming a critical issue for managers. In my dissertation, I take a step in improving the understanding of service innovations. In the first essay, I look at the determinants of the number of service innovations introduced by a firm and their interrelationship with customer satisfaction and firm value. Furthermore, I look how these interrelationships vary between Internet-Enabled Service Innovations (IESIs) and Non-Internet-Enabled Service Innovations (NIESIs). I develop a system of equations that link service innovation, customer satisfaction and firm value. I model the determinants of service innovations, using a zero-inflated Poisson model. I estimate the model on a panel data set that I assembled across multiple industries from multiple data sources such as the American Customer Satisfaction Index, Compustat, SDC Platinum, and LexisNexis. My results reveal that IESIs are more strongly influenced by financial resources of the firm and by market growth than are NIESIs. Surprisingly, neither IESIs nor NIESIs have a significant direct effect on customer satisfaction. However, IESIs have a positive and significant effect on firm value. Given the differences between consumer markets and business markets, it is important to understand better the determinants and outcomes of business-to-business service innovations (B2B-SIs). In my second essay, I empirically address this issue. I develop a modeling system that relates service innovation to firm value. I estimate my model on unique panel data of service innovations. Results indicate that B2B-SIs have positive effects on firm value. Furthermore, I find that the number of B2B-SIs introduced by a firm is primarily determined by firm-level factors rather than marketlevel factors Overall, I find that regardless of firm type or market type, the number of service innovations introduced by a firm has a substantial impact on firm value. In particular, IESIs and B2B-SIs increase firm value. In addition, the two essays also show that liquid financial resources are important determinants of service innovations. This is especially true for IESIs and B2B-SIs.
Dotzel, Thomas
U.S. DEPARTI\lIENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MA."IAGEMENT CENTER
lIENT OF ENERGY lIENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MA."IAGEMENT CENTER NEPA DETERMINATION RECIPIENT:Louisiana State University and A&M College Page 1 of2 STATE: LA PROJECT TITLE: Geothennal Resource Development with Zero Mass Withdrawal, Engineered Free Convection, and Wellbore Energy Conversion Funding Opportunity ADDounc:ement Number Procurement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number CID Number DE-F0-0000336 OE-EEOOO5125 GF0-0005125-001 0 Based on my review (lrtbe infor madOD concerning the proposed action, as NEPA Compliance Officer (authorized under DOE Order 4S1.1A),1 have' made the following determination: ex, EA, EIS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description: A9 Information gathering (induding, but not limited to, literature surveys, inventories, audits). data analysIs (including
ARM - Datastreams - moltsedassndclass1
Datastreamsmoltsedassndclass1 Datastreamsmoltsedassndclass1 Documentation XDC documentation Data Quality Plots ARM Data Discovery Browse Data Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send Datastream : MOLTSEDASSNDCLASS1 Model Output Loc. Time Ser. (MOLTS): EDAS meteor. analy., enhances soundings, params, stations Active Dates 1997.06.01 - 2013.07.31 Measurement Categories Atmospheric State, Cloud Properties, Radiometric, Surface Properties Originating Instrument Model Output Location Time Series (MOLTS) Measurements The measurements below provided by this product are those considered scientifically relevant. Measurement Variable Cloud fraction cloud_fract Atmospheric moisture cloud_h2o_mix Latent heat flux conv_lat_heat Atmospheric moisture humid Ice water content
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER NEPA DETERlIIINATION
Penobscot Indian Nation/Penobcot indian Nation Enterprises STATE: ME PROJECT TITLE: Alder Stream Wind Project Feasibility Project Funding Opportunity Announcement Number DE-FOA-0000424 Procurement Instrument Number DE-EEOOO5636 NEPA Control Number elD Number GF()..()()()5636.1 Hued on my review oCthe information concerning tbe proposed action, 115 NEPA Compliance Officer (autborized under DOE Order 4S1.1A), I have made tht following determination: ex, EA, tiS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description: A9 Information gathering, analys is, and dissemination 8 3.1 Site characterization .nd environment al monitoring Information gathering (including, but not limited to, literature surveys, inventories, site visits, and audits). data analysis (including, but not limited to, computer modeling), document preparation (including. but not
·UUMENT OF ENERGY ·UUMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER NEPA DETERMINATION RECIPIENT:University of Central Florida PROJECf TITLE: PV Manufacturing Consortium Page 1 of2 STATE: Fl Funding Opportunity Announcement Number Pn)(urement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number CIO Number DE·FOA-OOOOO259 DE-EEOOO4947 GFO-OOO4947'()()2 0 Based on my review of the info rmation concerning the proposed sction, as NEPA Compliance Officer (authorb:ed under DOE Order4S1 .1A),1 have made the following determination: ex, EA, EI S APPENDIX AND NOMBER: Description: 8 3.6 Siting , oonstruction (or modification), operation, and decommissioning of facilities for indoor bench-scale research projects and oonventionallaboratory operations (for example, preparation of chemical standards and sample analysIs):
Accident Investigation Handbook
SENSI NOT MEAS UREMENT TIVE D DOE-HDBK-1 1208-2012 July 2012 DOE E HA ANDBOOK K Ac ccide ent and d Op pera ational Sa afety y An naly ysis Volume e I: Ac ccide ent A Analy ysis Tec chniq ques U.S. Depar rtmen nt of En nergy Was shingto on, D.C C. 205 85 DOE-HDBK-1208-2012 INTRODUCTION - HANDBOOK APPLICATION AND SCOPE Accident Investigations (AI) and Operational Safety Reviews (OSR) are valuable for evaluating technical issues, safety management systems and human performance and environmental conditions to prevent accidents, through a process of continuous organizational learning. This Handbook brings together the strengths of the experiences gained in conducting Department of Energy (DOE) accident investigations over the past many years. That experience encourages us
u.s. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER NEPA DETERlVllNATION
AII.j)l) AII.j)l) u.s. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER NEPA DETERlVllNATION RECIPIENT: HRL Laboratories, LLC PROJECT TITLE : Room Temperature Hydrogen Storage in Nano-confined liquids Page I of2 STATE: CA Funding Opportunity Announcement Number Procurement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number cm Number DE-FOA-0000421 EE0005659 GFO-OOO5659-001 0 BaRd on my review oftbe infonnation concerning the proposed action, as N[PA Compliance Officer (authorized under DOE Order 451 .IA),1 han made tbe following detennination: CX, EA, [IS APPENDIX AND NUMB[R: Description: A91nfonnatlon gathering, analysis, and dissemination Information gathering (indudlng, but not limited to. literature sUNeys. Inventones, site visits, and audits), data analysIs
U.S. DEPARTl\1EN T OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER
EN EN T OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER NEPA DETERlIiJTNATION Page 1 of 3 RECIPIENT:Board of Regents , NSHE, obo University of Nevada, Reno STATE: NV PROJECT TITLE : Development of a Low Cost Method to Estimate the Seismic Signature of a Geothermal Field from Ambient Seismic Noise Analysis Funding Opportunity Announcement Number DE-FOA-OOOO522 Procurement Instrument Number DE-EEOOO5518 NEPA Control Number cm Number GF0-000551fUlO1 Based on my review of the information concerning the proposed action, as NEPA Compliance Officer (authorized under DOE Order 451.IA), I have made the following determination : CX , EA, EIS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description: A. 83.1 Site characterization ,nd enviro nmental monitoring Information gathering (including, but not limited to, literature surveys, inventories. audits). data analysIs
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER NEPA DETEIaillNATION
DETEIaillNATION DETEIaillNATION RECIPIENT: Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs · Energy DivISion PROJECT TITLE: State Energy Program Annual PY12 (FY13) Pagelof4 STATE; AL Funding Opportunity Announcement Number Procurement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number em Number DE-FOA-0000643 DE-EE0004122 GF0..Q004122--analysIs, and dissemination Technical advice and planning assistance to International, national state and local organizations Informatlon gathenng (includIng but not limIted to literature surveys Inventones site VISitS, and audits), data
RECI PI ENT:Guam Energy Office RECI PI ENT:Guam Energy Office PROJECT TITL.E: SEP Formula Grant Page 1 of2 STATE: GU Fundin&: Opportunity Announcement Number Procurement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number CID Number DE· EE0004518 GF().()()()4S18-002 GO Based on my review o(thc information concerning the propDscd action, as NEPA C ompliance Omcer (authorized under DOE Order 451.1 A). I have made the (ollowlng determination: ex, EA, [IS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description : A9 Information gathering, analys is, and dissemination A11 Technical advice and assistance to organizations Rational for determination: Information gathering (indudmQ. but not limited to. literature surveys, (nventones, site VISitS. and audits). data analysis (induding but not limited to, computer modeling), document preparation
JINATION JINATION R[CIPIENT:Ocean Power Technologies. Inc. PROJEcr TITLE : Advanced, High Power, Next Scale, Wave Energy Conversion Device Page 1 of2 STATE: NJ Funding Opportunity Announcement Number Procurement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number em Number DE-FOA-0000069 EEOOO2649 GFO-10-168 GOO Based on my review ofthe information concerning the Pl'1lpos~ action, as NEPA Compliance Officer (autborized under DOE Order 451.1A),1 have made the following determination: ex, EA, EIS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description: A9 Information gathering (including, but not limited to, literature surveys, inventories. audits). data analysIs (induding computer modeling), document preparation (such as conceptual design or feaSibility studies, analytical energy supply
PMC·Fr.. U.S. Dl?PARThIENT OFFNFRGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CE~TER
Fr.. Fr.. U.S. Dl?PARThIENT OFFNFRGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CE~TER Nl!PA DF=llNATION RECIPIENT:Oregon Stale University-NNMREC PROJECT TITLE : Pacific Marine Energy Center FY2012 Funding Page 1 of3 STATE: OR Funding Opportunity Announcement Number Procurement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number CID Number G098030 DE-FG36-08GOI8179 GFO-GOI8179-004 G018179 Based on my review of the information concerning the proposed action, as NEPA Compliance Officer (authorized under DOE Order 451. 1A), I have made the following determination: ex, EA, EIS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description: A9 Inform ation gathering, analys is, and disseminatlon A1 1 Technical advice and assistance to organizations Information gathering (including, but not limited to, literature surveys, inventories, site visits, and
RECiPIENT:Pleasant Grove City RECiPIENT:Pleasant Grove City PROJECT TITLE: PrOject Blue Energy Page 1 of3 ® * , . STATE: UT Funding Opportunity Announcement Number Procurement Instrument Number N[PA Control Number CIO Number COP DE-EEOOO3270 GFO-OOO327()'OO2 G03270 Based on my review of the information concerning the proposed action, as NEPA Compliance Officer (authorized undtr DOE Order 45 1.IA). I bave made the following detcnnination : ex. EA, [IS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description: A9 Inform ation gathering, analysis, and dissemination information gathenng (including, but not limited 10, literature surveys, Inventories, Site visits, and audits), data analysIs (including. but not limited to. computer modeling) , document preparabon (including, but not limited to, oonceptuaJ design, feasIbility studies and analytical energy supply and
ARM - Datastreams - moltsedassfcclass0
Datastreamsmoltsedassfcclass0 Datastreamsmoltsedassfcclass0 Documentation XDC documentation Data Quality Plots ARM Data Discovery Browse Data Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send Datastream : MOLTSEDASSFCCLASS0 Model Output Loc. Time Ser. (MOLTS): EDAS meteor. analy., basic surface, params, stations Active Dates 1997.06.01 - 1999.09.27 Measurement Categories Atmospheric State, Cloud Properties, Radiometric, Surface Properties Originating Instrument Model Output Location Time Series (MOLTS) Measurements The measurements below provided by this product are those considered scientifically relevant. Measurement Variable Horizontal wind U_wind Horizontal wind V_wind Precipitation baseflow Cloud fraction cloud_hi Cloud fraction cloud_low Cloud fraction
International Facility Management Association Strategic Facility
Facility Management Association Facility Management Association Strategic Facility Planning: A WhIte PAPer Strategic Facility Planning: A White Paper on Strategic Facility Planning © 2009 | International Facility Management Association For additional information, contact: 1 e. Greenway Plaza, Suite 1100 houston, tX 77046-0104 USA P: + 1-713-623-4362 F: + 1-713-623-6124 www.ifma.org taBle OF cOntentS PreFace ......................................................... 2 executive Summary .................................... 3 Overview ....................................................... 4 DeFinitiOn OF Strategic Facility Planning within the Overall cOntext OF Facility Planning ................. 5 SPecializeD analySeS ................................ 9 OrganizatiOnal aPPrOacheS tO SFP ... 10 the SFP PrOceSS .......................................
u.s. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MANAG EMENT CENTER NEPA DETERMINATION
Ohio Department of Development, soon to be known as Development Services Agency PROJECf TITLE: State Energy Program Program Year 2012 Formula Grants Page 1 of2 STATE: OH Funding Opportunity Announcement Number Proc urement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number CID Number DE-FOA-0000643 NT43269 GF0-0043269-001 GO Based on my review o'the information concerning the proposed action, as NEPA Compliance Officer (authorized under DOE O rder 451.1 A). I have made the following determinatio n: ex, EA, [IS APPENDIX AND NUM BER: Description: A9 Infonnation gathering, analysis, and dissemination Information gathering (induding, but not limited to, literature surveys, Inventones, site visits, and audits), data analysIs (including, but nollimlted to, computer modeling), document preparation
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER NEPA DETFIU.llNATION
DETFIU.llNATION DETFIU.llNATION RECIPIENT:Battelie Memorial Institute Corporate PROJECT TITLE: Upgrading of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil (Bio-oil) Page I of2 STATE: OH Funding Opportunity Announcement Numbe... PrO(:urement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number em Number DE-FOA-OOOO342 DE-EE0004391 GFO-OOO4391-OO1 EE4391 Based on my Tt:view of the information concerning the proposed adion, as NEPA Compliance Officer (authori7.ed under DOE Order 4Sl.IA),1 bave made the (oUowing determination: ex, EA, EIS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description: 83.6 Siting. construction (or modification), operation, and decommissioning of facilities for indoor bench-scale research projects and conventtonallaboratory operations (for example, preparation of d'lemlcal standards and sample analysIs):
u.s. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MAN AGEMENT CENTER NEPADETERMINATION
NEPADETERMINATION NEPADETERMINATION Page 1 of3 RECIPIENT:Hul1 Municipal Light Plant STATE : MA PROJECT TITLE: Hull Municipal light Plant Offshore Wind Project Funding Opportunity Announcement Number Procurement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number em Number COP DE·EEOOOO326 GFO.Q()()()326-002 G0326 Ba~d on my review Dfthe information concerning the proposed action, as N[PA Complianu Officer (authoriztd under DOE Order 451.IA), I han made the following determination: ex, EA, [IS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Ocscriplion : A91nfonnatJon gathering, analy s is, and dissemination 83.1 Site characterization and environmental monitoring Information gathenng (includmg, but not limited 10, literature surveys, InventOries. site VISits, and audits). data analYSIS (indudlng, but not limited to, computer modeling), document preparation (Including
U.S. DEPARTlVIENT OF ENERGY
Gi.ol) Gi.ol) EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER NEPA DETERlVIINATION RECIPIENT:WA Dept. of Commerce STATE: WA PROJECT SEP ARRA - Washington State Ferries Biodiesel Project - Phase I TITLE: Funding Opportunity Announcement Number Procurement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number CID Number DE-FOA-0000052 EE0000139 GFO-0000139-027 Based on my review of the information concerning the proposed action, as NEPA Compliance Officer (authorized under DOE Order 451.1A), I have made the following determination: CX, EA, EIS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description: A9 Information gathering (including, but not limited to, literature surveys, inventories, audits), data analYSis (including computer modeling), document preparation (such as conceptual design or feasibility studies, analy1ical energy supply
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER NEPA DEIERlYIINATION
DEIERlYIINATION DEIERlYIINATION RECIPIENT:Georgia Environmental Finance Authority PROJECT TITLE : GEFA's 2012 State Energy Program Page 1 of2 STATE: GA Funding Opportunity Announcement Number Procurement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number elO Number DE-FOA-0000643 EE0004521 GF0-0004521-OO1 Based on my review oflhe information concerning the proposed action, as NEPA Compliance Officer (authorized under DOE Order 45 I.1A), I have made the following ddermination: ex, EA, [IS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description: A9 Infomatian gathering, analysis, and dissemination A11 Technical advice and assistance to organizations Rational for determination: Information gathering (including. but not limited to, literature surveys, inventories, site visits, and audits). data analysIs (including, but not limited to, computer modeling). document preparation
AII.ol AII.ol ) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEM ENT CEN T ER NEPA DETERMINATION RECIPI ENT :Mass Department of Energy Resources PROJECf TITL E : SunShot Massachusetts Page 1 of2 ST ATE: MA Funding Opportunity Announcement Number Procurement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number em Number DE· FOA 0000549 DE-EEOOO5692 GFO-OOO5692-OO1 0 Based on my review of the information concerning tbe proposed adion, as NEPA Compliance Officer (authorized under DOE Order45I.1A), I have made the following determination: ex, EA, [IS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Oescript ion: A 11 Technical advice and assistance to organlzatlons Technical advice and planning assistance to intemational, national, state, and local organizations. A9 Info rmati on gathering, analys is, and dissemination
2 2 CURRENT STATUS: Open SUPPORTED TECHNIQUES: X-ray absorption spectroscopy, near edge Photoemission spectroscopy MAIN SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES: Materials % TIME GENERAL USE: 100% SCHEDULING: Proposal Submittal and Scheduling Procedures Current SPEAR and Beam Line Schedules SOURCE: Bending magnet station (soft x-ray) BEAM LINE SPECIFICATIONS: energy range grating type resolution DE/E spot size (FWHM) flux angular acceptance focused 100 - 1300 eV ~4 x 10-4 >0.1 mm2 4.0 mrad OPTICS: M0 mirror: toroidal SiC MONOCHROMATOR: 6m spherical grating monochromator (TGM) Grating Monochromator References ABSORPTION: NA INSTRUMENTATION: User Chambers on VUV Lines DATA ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS: SPEC For questions and issues related to SPEC, contact beam line staff or send
Diagnostics using a Visible Transmission Grating Spectrometer at the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak Diagnostics using a Visible Transmission Grating Spectrometer at the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak 1 A. Graf, 2 M. May, 2 P. Beiersdorfer and 3 D. Whyte, 3 B. Labombard, 3 N. Smick, 3 K. Marr 1 University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA; 2 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 3 Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 190 Albany Ave. Cambridge, MA Abstract UCRL-POST-203859 Spectrometer Views A high throughput, f/# ~3.5, transmission grating spectrometer for visible light (3450-6700 Å) is being used to make localized measurements of bulk flow velocities and temperatures of impurity ions and deuterium atoms, in the edge and scrape of layer of the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. The flows and temperatures of the
An AC phase measuring interferometer for measuring dn/dT of fused silica and calcium fluoride at 193 nm
A novel method for the measurement of the change in index of refraction vs. temperature (dn/dT) of fused silica and calcium fluoride at the 193 nm wavelength has been developed in support of thermal modeling efforts for the development of 193 nm-based photolithographic exposure tools. The method, based upon grating lateral shear interferometry, uses a transmissive linear grating to divide a 193 nm laser beam into several beam paths by diffraction which propagate through separate identical material samples. One diffracted order passing through one sample overlaps the undiffracted beam from a second sample and forms interference fringes dependent upon the optical path difference between the two samples. Optical phase delay due to an index change from heating one of the samples causes the interference fringes to change sinusoidally with phase. The interferometer also makes use of AC phase measurement techniques through lateral translation of the grating. Results for several samples of fused silica and calcium fluoride are demonstrated.
Shagam, R.N.
Aberration-free, all-reflective laser pulse stretcher
An all-reflective pulse stretcher for laser systems employing chirped-pulse amplification enables on-axis use of the focusing mirror which results in ease of use, significantly decreased sensitivity to alignment and near aberration-free performance. By using a new type of diffraction grating which contains a mirror incorporated into the grating, the stretcher contains only three elements: 1) the grating, 2) a spherical or parabolic focusing mirror, and 3) a flat mirror. Addition of a fourth component, a retro-reflector, enables multiple passes of the same stretcher resulting in stretching ratios beyond the current state of the art in a simple and compact design. The pulse stretcher has been used to stretch pulses from 20 fsec to over 600 psec (a stretching ratio in excess of 30,000).
Perry, Michael D. (Livermore, CA); Banks, Paul S. (Livermore, CA); Stuart, Brent C. (Fremont, CA); Fochs, Scott N. (Livermore, CA)
Laser bandwidth interlock capable of single pulse detection and rejection
A pulse of laser light is switched out of a pulse train and spatially dispersed into its constituent wavelengths. The pulse is collimated to a suitable size and then diffracted by high groove density multilayer dielectric gratings. This imparts a different angle to each individual wavelength so that, when brought to the far field with a lens, the colors have spread out in a linear arrangement. The distance between wavelengths (resolution) can be tailored for the specific laser and application by altering the number of times the beam strikes the diffraction gratings, the groove density of the gratings and the focal length of the lens. End portions of the linear arrangement are each directed to a respective detector, which converts the signal to a 1 if the level meets a set-point, and a 0 if the level does not. If both detectors produces a 1, then the pulse train is allowed to propagate into an optical system.
Armstrong, James P; Telford, Steven James; Lanning, Rodney Kay; Bayramian, Andrew James
Transverse-longitudinal integrated resonator
A transverse-longitudinal integrated optical resonator (TLIR) is disclosed which includes a waveguide, a first and a second subwavelength resonant grating in the waveguide, and at least one photonic band gap resonant structure (PBG) in the waveguide. The PBG is positioned between the first and second subwavelength resonant gratings. An electro-optic waveguide material may be used to permit tuning the TLIR and to permit the TLIR to perform signal modulation and switching. The TLIR may be positioned on a bulk substrate die with one or more electronic and optical devices and may be communicably connected to the same. A method for fabricating a TLIR including fabricating a broadband reflective grating is disclosed. A method for tuning the TLIR's transmission resonance wavelength is also disclosed.
Hutchinson, Donald P [Knoxville, TN; Simpson, Marcus L [Knoxville, TN; Simpson, John T [Knoxville, TN
1 1 CURRENT STATUS: Open SUPPORTED TECHNIQUES: Photoemission spectroscopy MAIN SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES: BL8-1a: Materials / Surface Chemistry BL8-1b: Materials % TIME GENERAL USE: 100% SCHEDULING: Proposal Submittal and Scheduling Procedures Current SPEAR and Beam Line Schedules SOURCE: Bending magnet station (vacuum ultraviolet) BEAM LINE SPECIFICATIONS: energy range grating type resolution DE/E spot size (FWHM) flux angular acceptance focused 15 - 185 eV ~1 x 10-3 0.1 mm2 8.0 mrad OPTICS: M0 mirror: Cylindrical, SiC M1 mirror: Spherical, Fused Silica MONOCHROMATOR: 6m toroidal grating monochromator (TGM) Grating Monochromator References Monochromator Crystal Glitch Library Crystal changes need to be scheduled and coordinated in advance with BL support staff.
Ris National Laboratory Technical University of Denmark November 2007 Ris Energy Report 6
EtHaNoL FoR tRaNSPoRt 49 7.6 tHERmaL FuEL CoNVERSIoN PyRoLySIS, gaSIFICatIoN aND ComBuStIoN 54 7.7 Nu. biomass can also be used for heating, replacing oil or natural gas that can be used as motor fuel. Coal is comparable to its proposal of a 15% reduction by 2010 for the 1997 kyoto negotiations, if we take into ac
Sub-threshold production of $\\Sigma$(1385) baryons in Al+Al collisions at 1.9$A$ GeV
First measurement of sub-threshold $\\Sigma$(1385) production is presented. Experimental data are presented for Al+Al reactions at 1.9$A$ GeV measured with the FOPI detector at SIS/GSI. The $\\Sigma$(1385)/$\\Lambda$ ratio is found to be in good agreement with the transport and statistical model predictions. The results allow for a better understanding of sub-threshold strangeness production and strangeness exchange reaction which is the dominant process for $K^-$ production below and close-to threshold.
Lopez, FOPI Collboration: X; Crochet, P
Reactive sticking coefficients of silane on silicon
Reactive sticking coefficients (RSCs) were measured for silane and disilane on polycrystalline silicon for a wide range of temperature and flux (pressure) conditions. The data were obtained from deposition rate measurements using molecular beam scattering and a very low pressure cold wall reactor. The RSCs have non-Arrhenius temperature dependences and decreases with increasing flux at low (710/sup 0/) temperatures. A simple model involving dissociative adsorption of silane is consistent with these results. The results are compared with previous studies of the SiH/sub 4//Si(s) reaction.
Buss, R.J.; Ho, P.; Breiland, W.G.; Coltrin, M.E.
Reactive sticking coefficients for silane and disilane on polycrystalline silicon
Reactive sticking coefficients (RSCs) were measured for silane and disilane on polycrystalline silicon for a wide range of temperature and flux (pressure) conditions. The data were obtained from deposition-rate measurements using molecular beam scattering and a very low-pressure cold-wall reactor. The RSCs have nonlinear Arrhenius temperature dependencies and decrease with increasing flux at low (710 /sup 0/C) temperatures. Several simple models are proposed to explain these observations. The results are compared with previous studies of the SiH/sub 4//Si(s) reaction and low-pressure chemical vapor deposition-rate measurements.
The manuscripts of the works of Gerald of Wales
living in the diocese of Lincoln;9 he died in 1223.10 This account of the facts of Gerald's life gives no hint of the tumultuous and colourful life he actually led, or of the personality of which there is so much evidence in his works. We have a... iini,91 and BNF latin 4126 contains a commentary on . 92 it. PeterAlphol1se (Petnu A!/il1lsis/ A(fol1Sis), Disciplina clericalis (eleventh centtlryr BNF latin 4126 (Topographia hibernica) BL Additional 33991 (Topographia hibernica): fragment. Peter...
Rooney, Catherine Margaret
Evidence for niche adaptation in the genome of the bovine pathogen Streptococcus uberis
regulators that contain SIS phospho-sugar binding domains (SUB0170, SUB0904, SUB1541, SUB1582) Energy metabolism Within the CDSs unique to S. uberis when compared to S. encode subunits of a cytochrome d ubiquinol oxidase. These CDSs are part of an operon (SUB... D-like protein SUB1513 cold shock protein CspC SUB1522 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (fragment) SUB1541 RpiR family regulatory protein SUB1578 putative membrane protein SUB1580 putative membrane protein SUB1581 putative membrane protein SUB1582 RpiR family...
Ward, Philip N; Holden, Matthew T G; Leigh, James A; Lennard, Nicola; Bignell, Alexandra; Barron, Andy; Clark, Louise; Quail, Michael A; Woodward, John; Barrell, Bart G; Egan, Sharon A; Field, Terence R; Maskell, Duncan; Kehoe, Michael; Dowson, Christopher G; Chanter, Neil; Whatmore, Adrian M; Bentley, Stephen D; Parkhill, Julian
Optical-diffraction method for determining crystal orientation
Disclosed is an optical diffraction technique for characterizing the three-dimensional orientation of a crystal sample. An arbitrary surface of the crystal sample is texture etched so as to generate a pseudo-periodic diffraction grating on the surface. A laser light beam is then directed onto the etched surface, and the reflected light forms a farfield diffraction pattern in reflection. Parameters of the diffraction pattern, such as the geometry and angular dispersion of the diffracted beam are then related to grating shape of the etched surface which is in turn related to crystal orientation. This technique may be used for examining polycrystalline silicon for use in solar cells.
Sopori, B.L.
Ultraprecision machining of optics at Los Alamos
Ultraprecision machine tools are used at Los Alamos for single point diamond turning of optics and other precision parts. Measurements of a 50-mm-dia copper flat are used to illustrate the quality of a part which can be machined on the Moore No. 3 lathe. Measurements of a 0.4-m-dia aluminum mirror with a 20-m radius-of-curvature are presented as an example of a part machined on the Moore No. 5 lathe. A varying frequency sine wave grating is used to show a type of special optical grating which can be produced using the Pneumo lathe.
Rhorer, R.L.; Gauler, A.L.; Colston, E.W.; Ruhe, J.R.
LLE Review. Quarterly report, January--March 1992: Volume 50
This volume of the LLE Review, covering the period January--March 1992, contains articles on the use of diffraction gratings in laser applications, and the fabrication of gratings for use in these applications. there are two articles on the use of lasers to explore fundamental physics issues and an article on the use of a solid-state diode array for x-ray imaging. Finally, the activities of the National Laser Users Facility and the GDL and OMEGA laser systems are summarized.
Keck, R.L. [ed.
LLE Review
Keck, R.L. (ed.)
The Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) is conducting a project to examine the fundamental issues limiting the use of biomass in small industrial steam/power systems in order to increase the future use of this valuable domestic resource. Specifically, the EERC is attempting to elucidate the ash-related problems--grate clinkering and heat exchange surface fouling--associated with cofiring coal and biomass in grate-fired systems. Utilization of biomass in stoker boilers designed for coal can be a cause of concern for boiler operators. Boilers that were designed for low volatile fuels with lower reactivities can experience damaging fouling when switched to higher volatile and more reactive lower-rank fuels, such as when cofiring biomass. Higher heat release rates at the grate can cause more clinkering or slagging at the grate because of higher temperatures. Combustion and loss of volatile matter can start too early for biomass fuels compared to the design fuel, vaporizing alkali and chlorides which then condense on rear walls and heat exchange tube banks in the convective pass of the stoker, causing noticeable increases in fouling. In addition, stoker-fired boilers that switch to biomass blends may encounter new chemical species such as potassium sulfates and various chlorides, in combination with different flue gas temperatures because of changes in fuel heating value which can adversely affect ash deposition behavior. The goal of this project is to identify the primary ash mechanisms related to grate clinkering and heat exchange surface fouling associated with cofiring coal and biomass--specifically wood and agricultural residuals--in grate-fired systems, leading to future mitigation of these problems. The specific technical objectives of the project are: Modification of an existing EERC pilot-scale combustion system to simulate a grate-fired system; Verification testing of the simulator; Laboratory-scale testing and fuel characterization to determine ash formation and potential fouling mechanisms and to optimize activities in the modified pilot-scale system; and Pilot-scale testing in the grate-fired system. The resulting data will be collected, analyzed, and reported to elucidate ash-related problems during biomass-coal cofiring and offer a range of potential solutions.
Bruce C. Folkedahl; Darren D. Schmidt; Greg F. Weber; Christopher J. Zygarlicke
The Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) has completed a project to examine fundamental issues that could limit the use of biomass in small industrial steam/power systems in order to increase the future use of this valuable domestic resource. Specifically, the EERC attempted to elucidate the ash-related problems--grate clinkering and heat exchange surface fouling--associated with cofiring coal and biomass in grate-fired systems. Utilization of biomass in stoker boilers designed for coal can be a cause of concern for boiler operators. Boilers that were designed for low-volatile fuels with lower reactivities can experience problematic fouling when switched to higher-volatile and more reactive coal-biomass blends. Higher heat release rates at the grate can cause increased clinkering or slagging at the grate due to higher temperatures. Combustion and loss of volatile matter can start much earlier for biomass fuels compared to design fuel, vaporizing alkali and chlorides which then condense on rear walls and heat exchange tube banks in the convective pass of the stoker, causing noticeable increases in fouling. In addition, stoker-fired boilers that switch to biomass blends may encounter new chemical species such as potassium sulfates, various chlorides, and phosphates. These species in combination with different flue gas temperatures, because of changes in fuel heating value, can adversely affect ash deposition behavior. The goal of this project was to identify the primary ash mechanisms related to grate clinkering and heat exchange surface fouling associated with cofiring coal and biomass--specifically wood and agricultural residuals--in grate-fired systems, leading to future mitigation of these problems. The specific technical objectives of the project were: (1) Modification of an existing pilot-scale combustion system to simulate a grate-fired system. (2) Verification testing of the simulator. (3) Laboratory-scale testing and fuel characterization to determine ash formation and potential fouling mechanisms and to optimize activities in the modified pilot-scale system. (4) Pilot-scale testing in the grate-fired system. The resulting data were used to elucidate ash-related problems during coal-biomass cofiring and offer a range of potential solutions.
Bruce C. Folkedahl; Jay R. Gunderson; Darren D. Schmidt; Greg F. Weber; Christopher J. Zygarlicke
Bounded modes to the rescue of optical transmission
This paper presents a brief survey of the evolution of knowledge about diffraction gratings. After recalling some basic facts, historically and physically, we introduce the concept of Wood anomalies. Next, we present some recent works in order to introduce the role of bounded modes in transmission gratings. The consequences of these recent results are then introduced. This paper is a secondary publication, published in Europhysics News (EPN 38, 3 (2007) 27-31). In the present version, some additional notes have been added with related references.
Michael Sarrazin; Jean Pol Vigneron
A PILOT IMAGING LINE SURVEY OF RW LMi AND IK Tau USING THE EXPANDED VERY LARGE ARRAY
We report on a pilot imaging line survey (36.0-37.0 GHz, with {approx}1 km s{sup -1} spectral channels) with the Expanded Very Large Array for two asymptotic giant branch stars, RW LMi (= CIT6, which has a carbon-rich circumstellar envelope, CSE) and IK Tau (=NML Tau, with an oxygen-rich CSE). Radio continuum emission consistent with photospheric emission was detected from both stars. From RW LMi we imaged the HC{sub 3}N (J = 4{yields}3) emission. The images show several partial rings of emission; these multiple shells trace the evolution of the CSE from 400 to 1200 years. SiS (J = 2{yields}1) emission was detected from both RW LMi and IK Tau. For both stars the SiS emission is centrally condensed with the peak line emission coincident with the stellar radio continuum emission. In addition, we have detected weak HC{sub 7}N (J = 32{yields}31) emission from RW LMi.
Claussen, M. J.; Sjouwerman, L. O.; Rupen, M. P. [National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM 87801 (United States); Olofsson, H.; Schoeier, F. L.; Bergman, P. [Onsala Space Observatory, Department of Radio and Space Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 43992 Onsala (Sweden); Knapp, G. R. [Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States)
An improved user interface for ASSESS/Neutralization
The ASSESS Neutralization Analysis module (Neutralization) is part of Analytic System and Software for Evaluation of Safeguards and Security, ASSESS, a vulnerability assessment tool. Neutralization models a fire fight engagement between security inspectors (SIs) and adversaries. Since version 1.0 of Neutralization was released in 1989, experience has shown that several features of the user interface should be improved. This report describes the improvements that have been implemented, which simplify operation by consolidating all capabilities under a single mode of operation, remove many restrictions on editing, and concentrate more information into fewer types of printed reports. Every adversary and SI combatant is named and described individually. Time to communicate orders is specified for each SI combatant. Adversaries and SIs can be reinforced. SI posting as well deployment destination is labeled. Scenario details can be revised without losing all completed event information. New on-screen summaries spell out characteristics, minimizing abbreviations. Neutralization will read files created by the previous version and permit the user to enter the additional labels supported in the new version. As described here, Neutralization now has an interface that handles more information, but is easier and faster to use.
Paulus, W.K. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (US); Mondragon, J.; Sedam, M. [Science and Engineering Associates, Inc., Albuquerque, NM (US)
Development of Technologies on Innovative-Simplified Nuclear Power Plant Using High-Efficiency Steam Injectors (9) System Outline and Endurance Test of Low-Pressure Steam Injectors
A Steam Injector (SI) is a simple, compact and passive pump and also acts as a high-performance direct-contact compact heater. This provides SI with capability to serve also as a direct-contact feedwater heater that heats up feedwater by using extracted steam from the turbine. We are developing technology for 'Innovative Simplified Nuclear Power Plants' in order to further improve the economy and safety of nuclear power plants. Our technology development aims to significantly simplify equipment and reduce physical quantities by applying 'High-Efficiency SI', which are applicable to a wide range of operation regimes beyond the performance and applicable range of existing SIs and enables unprecedented multistage and parallel operation, to the low-pressure feedwater heaters and Emergency Core Cooling Systems (ECCS) of nuclear power plants, as well as achieve high inherent safety to prevent severe accidents by keeping the core covered with water (a Severe Accident-Free Concept). The innovative-simplified nuclear power plant consists of a simplified feedwater heating system, a passive core injection system and a passive containment cooling system. This report describes the results of the endurance and performance tests of low-pressure SIs for feedwater heaters with Jet-deaerator and core injection system. A part of this report are fruits of research which is carried out by Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), Toshiba, and 7 Universities in Japan, funded from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) of Japan as the national public research-funded program. (authors)
Shuichi Ohmori; Michitsugu Mori; Shoji Goto [Tokyo Electric Power Company (Japan); Tadashi Narabayashi [Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo (Japan); Chikako Iwaki; Yutaka Asanuma [Toshiba Corporation (Japan)
HI in NGC 5433 and its Environment: High-Latitude Emission in a Small Galaxy Group
We present HI synthesis maps of the edge-on starburst NGC 5433 and its environment, obtained with the VLA in its C and D configurations. The observations and spectral model residuals of the main disc emission in NGC 5433 reveal 3 extraplanar features. We associate 2 of these features with coherent extraplanar extensions across multiple spectral channels in our data, including a complete loop in position-velocity space. Interpreting the latter as an expanding shell we derive a corresponding input energy of 2 x 10^54 ergs, comparable to that for the largest supershells found in the Galaxy and those in other edge-on systems. NGC 5433 is in a richer environment than previously thought. We confirm that KUG 1359+326 is a physical companion to NGC 5433 and find two new faint companions, both with Minnesota Automated Plate Scanner identifications, that we label SIS-1 and SIS-2. Including the more distant IC 4357, NGC 5433 is the dominant member of a group of at least 5 galaxies, spanning over 750 kpc in a filamentary structure. A variety of evidence suggests that interactions are occurring in this group. While a number of underlying mechanisms are consistent with the morphology of the high-latitude features in NGC 5433, we argue that environmental effects may play a role in their generation.
K. Spekkens; J. A. Irwin; D. J. Saikia
Weak lensing mass map and peak statistics in CFHT/Stripe82 survey
We present the weak lensing mass map of the 173 tiles Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Stripe82 Survey (CS82) with the effective area ~124 square degrees and study the peak statistics, including peak abundance, correlation functions and tangential-shear profile of peaks with the mass map. We find that (1) peak abundance detected in CS82 are consistent with predictions from a Lambda-CDM cosmological model, once noise effects are properly included; (2) correlation function of peaks with different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be well fitted with power laws. Combining with the SDSS-III/Constant Mass (CMASS) galaxies, the cross-correlation between CMASS galaxies and high SNR peaks can be well-fitted with a power law; (3) the tangential shear profiles of the peaks increase with SNR. We concentrate on fitting spherical models to the tangential profiles with both singular isothermal sphere (SIS) and Navarro Frenk & White (NFW) models. For the high SNR peaks, the SIS model is rejected at ~3-sigma. Comparing the D...
Shan, HuanYuan; Comparat, Johan; Jullo, Eric; Charbonnier, Aldee; Erben, Thomas; Makler, Martin; Moraes, Bruno; Van Waerbeke, Ludovic; Courbin, Frederic; Meylan, George; Tao, Charling; Taylor, James E
for the fire was wood and forests were often destroyed to keep the light burning. After AD 1500 coal was used became hot enough to melt the grate holding the coal. However, coal-burning lighthouses continued!" it says: "sail on, ye stately ships! And with your floating bridge the ocean span; Be mine to guard
Weston, Ken
Metallic Mesh Filter Used for Electromagnetic Shielding of Infrared Window
In order to meet anti-electromagnetism interference performance requirements of infrared window, a metallic mesh coating must be used on the infrared window. From the diffraction theory of grating and the equivalent circuit method, simplified expressions ... Keywords: stealth technology, electro-optical countermeasure, transparent conductive coating, metallic mesh filter, infrared window
Jia-Li Song, Xiao-Guo Feng
Electromagnetic energy flow lines as possible paths of photons
Motivated by recent experiments where interference patterns behind a grating are obtained by accumulating single photon events, here we provide an electromagnetic energy flow-line description to explain the emergence of such patterns. We find and discuss an analogy between the equation describing these energy flow lines and the equation of Bohmian trajectories used to describe the motion of massive particles.
M. Davidovic; A. S. Sanz; D. Arsenovic; M. Bozic; S. Miret-Artes
Dynamical K edge and line variations in the X-ray spectrum of the ultra-compact binary 4U 0614+091
We observed the ultra-compact binary candidate 4U 0614+091 for a total of 200 ks with the high-energy transmission gratings on board the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The source is found at various intensity levels with ...
Schulz, Norbert S.
Disk-dominated States of 4U 1957+11: Chandra, XMM-Newton, and RXTE Observations of Ostensibly the Most Rapidly Spinning Galactic Black Hole
We present simultaneous Chandra High-Energy Transmission Gratings (HETG) and Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observations of a "soft state" of the black hole candidate 4U 1957+11. These spectra, having limited hard X-ray ...
Nowak, Michael A.
. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We gratefully acknowledge support from the U.S. DOE Fossil Energy program trough the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). This project was supported under the DOE-Fossil Energy Program. ORNL Ponds at Tennessee Valley Authority's Paradise Fossil Plant in Kentucky. This research is closely linked
Transcriptional profiling of fetal hypothalamic TRH neurons
for the microarray processing and data analysis. We also thank Dr. Jeffrey Bond from the Bioinformatics Core facility at the University of Vermont for the bioinformatics analysis. We are grateful to Dr. Gustavo Pedraza-Alva for insightful scientific discussions, to M...
Guerra-Crespo, Magdalena; Perez-Monter, Carlos; Janga, Sarath Chandra; Castillo-Ramirez, Santiago; Gutierrez-Rios, Rosa M; Joseph-Bravo, Patricia; Perez-Martinez, Leonor; Charli, Jean-Louis
Dual-band pixelless upconversion imaging devices Hui Lian Hao,1
-band detector inte- grated with a GaN/AlGaN violet light emitting diode. On the basis of the photoresponseAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) and an InGaAs/GaAs near-infrared (NIR) light emitting diode
Matsik, Steven G.
Cortical mechanisms of normal and abnormal processing in the visual system, Part 1: Spatial vision, amblyopia, hyperacuity, modal assumptions: A review
Vernier thresholds rise much more rapidly in the periphery than do grating thresholds. A similar dissociation between acuity and hyperacuity has been shown to be present in strabismic but not in anisometropic amblyopia, thus leading to the suggestion ... Keywords: Peripheral vision, aliasing, amblyopia, anisometropia, hyperacuity, strabismus
F. Fankhauser; S. Kwasniewska
the data series used in this paper. We are also grateful to Karolina Klimpotyuk (University of Alberta) and to Samantha Ward (University of Aberdeen) for research assistance. Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the 22 nd international conference of the IAEE (Rome), and in seminars at the European
Andr� Plourde; G. C. Watkins; Andr� Plourde; G. C. Watkins
Preparation of Enamel Frits
Table 6 Typical end uses and required service criteria...and heat exchangers Thermal shock resistant Laundry units Exteriors Alkali resistant Interiors Alkali resistant Oven liners Conventional Acid resistant Pyrolytic Acid and thermal shock resistant Ranges Exteriors Acid resistant Top Acid and thermal shock resistant Grates and burners Acid and thermal...
The Datacenter as a Computer An Introduction to the Design of
August 10, 1996 US Power Outages 1984-Present Frequency (Per Year) of Outages > N EPRI/DoD CIN was at the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in Palo Alto, CA . EPRI's support and feedback from colleagues at EPRI is gratefully acknowledged. EPRI Grid Reliability & Power Markets Enterprise Information Security
Shafran, Izhak
Thermodynamics of Actinide-based Nuclear Fuels
Symposium, Phase Stability, Diffusion, Kinetics and their Applications (PSDK-VIII) ... Financial support from the LLNL LDRD program under project 12-SI-008 is gratefully ... An Atomistic Study of the Structure and Thermodynamics of Molten- salt Mixtures ... Calorimetric Investigations of Liquid Co-Sn and Co-Li-Sn Alloys.
p s sbasic solid state physics www.pss-b.com
the tubes increases both the conductivity and the transparency for visible light.We also discuss/NIR) and a JASCO grating instrument as well as an Ocean Optics fiber-optic spectrometer in the VIS/UV. Spectra were by excita- tions of the entire -electron system. Between regions 1 and 2 the absorption is low
Tanner, David B.
PROGRESS REPORT October 2001
transmission gratings for x-ray spectrometer. UV blocking nanofilters for neutral atom imaging of solar system of optical, metrological, and advanced lithography systems. Long term goals of the SNL are to advance of silicon micro- mechanical systems for nano-accurate assembly of optical components. The SNL has developed
The Process of Fixing the British National Minimum Wage, 1997-2007
to negotiate, with embedded mediation, a level of minimum wage that has been not only 19 acceptable to government but also, at time of writing, overwhelmingly benign in its economic and social impact. The author is grateful for the comments of David...
Brown, William
Chichagof 7 111 #12;U. S. Coast Guard Tug Redwing IV #12;BRISTOL BAY OCEANOGRAPHY, AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 1938 logs of the U. S. Coast Gucird Tug Redwing present values of temperature, salinity, density, dynamic£ird Tug Redwing equipped to make hydrographic casts, measure currents, and obtain bottom samples. Grateful
This publication may be used by the US Army, US Navy, and US Air Force during training, exercises, and contingency operations.
and completion in North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Acknowledgment is gratefully made to the organizations listed below for permitting the use of copyrighted material is HQ, TRADOC. Submit changes for improving this publication on Department of the Army (DA) Form 2028
US Army Corps of Engineers
Vision Res. Vol. 29, No. 9, pp. 1245-1259, 1989 Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved
.K. (Received 28 February 1988; in revised form 26 September 1988) Abstract-White (1979) has described is that of grey backgrounds overlaid with grids of white or black lines (Helson, 1963). White (1979) has of the grating that they replace. Inspection of the figure will show that the grey bars on the white phase
Kingdom, Frederick A. A.
We have characterized the Advanced Radiographic Capability injection laser system and demonstrated that it meets performance requirements for upcoming National Ignition Facility fusion experiments. Pulse compression was achieved with a scaled down replica of the meter-scale grating ARC compressor and sub-ps pulse duration was demonstrated at the Joule-level.
Haefner, C; Heebner, J; Dawson, J; Fochs, S; Shverdin, M; Crane, J K; Kanz, V K; Halpin, J; Phan, H; Sigurdsson, R; Brewer, W; Britten, J; Brunton, G; Clark, W; Messerly, M J; Nissen, J D; Nguyen, H; Shaw, B; Hackel, R; Hermann, M; Tietbohl, G; Siders, C W; Barty, C J
Detection optimization using linear systems analysis of a coded aperture laser sensor system
Minimum detectable irradiance levels for a diffraction grating based laser sensor were calculated to be governed by clutter noise resulting from reflected earth albedo. Features on the earth surface caused pseudo-imaging effects on the sensor`s detector arras that resulted in the limiting noise in the detection domain. It was theorized that a custom aperture transmission function existed that would optimize the detection of laser sources against this clutter background. Amplitude and phase aperture functions were investigated. Compared to the diffraction grating technique, a classical Young`s double-slit aperture technique was investigated as a possible optimized solution but was not shown to produce a system that had better clutter-noise limited minimum detectable irradiance. Even though the double-slit concept was not found to have a detection advantage over the slit-grating concept, one interesting concept grew out of the double-slit design that deserved mention in this report, namely the Barker-coded double-slit. This diffractive aperture design possessed properties that significantly improved the wavelength accuracy of the double-slit design. While a concept was not found to beat the slit-grating concept, the methodology used for the analysis and optimization is an example of the application of optoelectronic system-level linear analysis. The techniques outlined here can be used as a template for analysis of a wide range of optoelectronic systems where the entire system, both optical and electronic, contribute to the detection of complex spatial and temporal signals.
Gentry, S.M. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States). Optoelectronic Design Dept.
A solid oxide fuel cell system for buildings Florian Zink a,*, Yixin Lu b
online 7 November 2006 Abstract This paper examines an integrated solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) absorption heating and cooling system used for buildings. The inte- grated system can provide heating/cooling and of a pre-commercial SOFC system and a commercial LiBr absorption system, is performed. In the case study
Trading Millet and Sorghum Genetic Resources Women Vendors in the Village Fairs of San and Douentza, Mali
agricultural research centers that receive principal funding from governments, private foundations, and international and regional organizations, most of which are members of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTORS AND PARTNERS IFPRI�s research, capacity strengthening, and communications work is made possible by its financial contributors and partners. IFPRI gratefully acknowledges generous unrestricted funding from Australia,
Melinda Smale
Seed Value Chains for Sorghum and Millet in Mali A State-Based System in Transition
Lamissa Diakit�; Mikkel Grum; Bioversity International; Mikkel Grum; Bioversity International
New Thinking on Corporate Bond Market in India
We thank Vimal Balasubramaniam for excellent research assistance and Debashish Mallick and Partha Sarathi Mukherjee for many helpful discussions on the subject. This paper was produced under the NIPFP-DEA Research Program. We are grateful to seminar participants at the Ministry of Finance for many insightful comments and suggestions.
Sanjay Banerji; Krishna Gangopadhyay; Ila Patnaik; Ajay Shah; Sanjay Banerji; Krishna Gangopadhyay; Ila Patnaik; Ajay Shah
Achieving 40 CFR Part 60 Subpart Cb CO Emission Requirement On Large RDF-Fired Municipal Waste Combustors
have been developed, including co-firing with other fuels and fluidized bed combustion. RDF-fired unit cycle. Co-firing RDF with other grate fired solid fuels such as stoker coal or wood chips is another pre combustion methodology for ·CO control. Co-firing with these higher heating value fuels increases furnace
� notice, is given to the source. The Guy at the Controls: Labor Quality and Power Plant Efficiency
This research was generously supported by the Sloan Foundation-NBER International Productivity Project. We are grateful to Rob Letzler, Amol Phadke and Jenny Shanefelter for excellent research assistance. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the
James B. Bushnell; Catherine Wolfram; James B. Bushnell; Catherine Wolfram; James B. Bushnell; Catherine Wolfram
The Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) is conducting a project to examine the fundamental issues limiting the use of biomass in small industrial steam/power systems in order to increase the future use of this valuable domestic resource. Specifically, the EERC is attempting to elucidate the ash-related problems--grate clinkering and heat exchange surface fouling--associated with cofiring coal and biomass in grate-fired systems. Utilization of biomass in stoker boilers designed for coal can be a cause of concern for boiler operators. Boilers that were designed for low-volatile fuels with lower reactivities can experience damaging fouling when switched to higher-volatile and more reactive lower-rank fuels, such as when cofiring biomass. Higher heat release rates at the grate can cause more clinkering or slagging at the grate because of higher temperatures. Combustion and loss of volatile matter can start too early with biomass fuels compared to design fuel, vaporizing alkali and chlorides which then condense on rear walls and heat exchange tube banks in the convective pass of the boiler, causing noticeable increases in fouling. In addition, stoker-fired boilers that switch to biomass blends may encounter new chemical species such as potassium sulfates and various chlorides in combination with different flue gas temperatures because of changes in fuel heating value, which can adversely affect ash deposition behavior.
Jay R. Gunderson; Bruce C. Folkedahl; Darren D. Schmidt; Greg F. Weber; Christopher J. Zygarlicke
Spray type wet scrubber
A spray type wet scrubber includes a plurality of spray nozzles installed in parallel banks across the path of gas stream within the scrubber body, and partition walls held upright in grating fashion to divide the path of gas stream into a plurality of passages, each of which accommodates one of the spray nozzles.
Atsukawa, M.; Tatani, A.
Enhanced radiative heat transfer between nanostructured gold plates
We compute the radiative heat transfer between nanostructured gold plates in the framework of the scattering theory. We predict an enhancement of the heat transfer as we increase the depth of the corrugations while keeping the distance of closest approach fixed. We interpret this effect in terms of the evolution of plasmonic and guided modes as a function of the grating's geometry.
R. Gu�rout; J. Lussange; F. S. S. Rosa; J. -P. Hugonin; D. A. R. Dalvit; J. -J. Greffet; A. Lambrecht; S. Reynaud
Agricultural Trade Liberalization and Poverty in Brazil
Joachim Bento; Souza Ferreira Filho; Joaquim Bento; Souza Ferreira Filho
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA This is to certify that I have examined this copy of a master's project by
-tight plywood box, connectors, and light emitting diodes). We are also grateful for the fiber polishing lessons Appendix B: Light Emitting Diodes...................................................37 Appendix C that each shone light from a blue light emitting diode (LED) through a wood column onto a portion
Minnesota, University of
CURRENT STATUS OF GLOBAL WTE Nickolas J. Themelis
) and produce electricity and heat. An estimated 200 WTE facilities were built, during the first decade personnel at existing plants. Novel gasification processes have been implemented mostly in Japan both on grate combustion and gasification technologies. Lists of several European plants are presented
Carbon 41 (2003) 2939 CO adsorption on carbonaceous surfaces: a combined2
Truong, Thanh N.
1:30PM, EE1+ Interface Roughness Broadening of Intersubband ...
Growth of InGaAsP on InP DFB Laser Gratings by Solid Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy: W.-Y. HWANG, J.N. Baillargeon, A.Y. Cho, S.N.G. Chu, P.F. Jr. Sciortino
Fabrication of band-gap structures in planar nonlinear waveguides for second harmonic generation
The work presented here deals with the design and fabrication of the linear grating on a LiNbO3 planar waveguide to obtain an efficient second harmonic generation operating in Cerenkov configuration. The lithium niobate is a nonlinear material ... Keywords: e-beam lithography, nonlinear optics
V. Foglietti; E. Cianci; D. Pezzetta; C. Sibilia; M. Marangoni; R. Osellame; R. Ramponi
2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim2578 www.advmat.de
- grated sensing add complexity, weight, and cost to fault-tolerant designs. In battery materials of devices ranging from electrical circuits to battery electrode materials. Mismatches in thermal expansion5] The repeated lithiation and delithiation of battery electrode materials upon charging and discharging
Braun, Paul
Announcing the 2012-2013 Energy Innovation Contest for undergraduates to stamp out carbon emissions on
Announcing the 2012-2013 Energy Innovation Contest for undergraduates to stamp out carbon emissions on New Brunswick Campus The Rutgers Energy Institute will offer three awards: The REI gratefully acknowledges sponsorship of the Energy Contest by Sapphire Energy Inc. Awards will go to students who develop
Garfunkel, Eric
The photoelectron spectroscopy beamline at National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) is equipped with a spherical grating monochromator with the included angle of 174 deg. Three gratings with line density of 200, 700 and 1200 lines/mm are used to cover the energy region from 60 eV to 1000 eV. After several years operation, the spectral resolution and flux throughput were deteriorated, realignment is necessary to improve the performance. First, the wavelength scanning mechanism, the optical components position and the exit slit guide direction are aligned according to the design value. Second, the gratings are checked by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). And then the gas absorption spectrum is measured to optimize the focusing condition of the monochromator. The spectral resolving power is recovered to the designed value of 1000@244eV. The flux at the end station for the 200 lines/mm grating is about 10^10 photons/sec/200mA, which is in accordance with the design. The photon flux for the 700 lines/mm grati...
Li, Chaoyang; Wen, Shen; Pan, Congyuan; An, Ning; Du, Xuewei; Zhu, Junfa; Wang, Qiuping
Elitism and Stochastic Dominance ?
gratefully acknowledged. We are in particular indebted to Eugenio Peluso and Nicolas Gravel for helpful conversations and suggestions. We also would like to thank two anonymous referees whose comments have helped us to make our ideas more precise and to improve the paper. Needless to say, the authors bear the entire responsibility for remaining errors and deficiencies.
Ecole Hautes; Sciences Sociales; Universit�s D' aix-marseille Ii Et Iii; Stephen Bazen; Patrick Moyes; Stephen Bazen; Patrick Moyes
Photonic Switching Techniques and Architecture for Next Generation Optical Networks
Currently, the growth in capacity demand is still increasing by the emergence of a large number of applications that dramatically increase bandwidth demand and generate a large number of resource requirements in the network. Since the emerging applications ... Keywords: Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG), Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), optical CMDA, optical switching, wavelength converters
Driss Benhaddou; Ghulam Chaudhry
Cooperative Extension Service College of Agriculture and
because of what they do not have. A bag lunch can be made low in sugar, salt, fat, or calories. Time mayonnaise. · Sardines plain or with light mayonnaise. #12;Guide E-214 · Page 2 Chicken · Sliced cold chicken with cranberry jelly. · Chicken spread mixed with pecans. Cheese · Sliced or grated with pickles, nuts, onion
Castillo, Steven P.
MSU Extension Publication Archive Archive copy of publication, do not use for current recommendations. Up-to-date
carrots are low in calories (1/2 cup = 30 calories), fat, and sodium. How to Store Carrots With a sharp chicken and a salad. Serves 6. Carrot Bread 3 cups grated raw carrots 1 cup honey 1/2 cup vegetable oil 1
WELL BEING WEDNESDAY Oven Baked Chicken Tandoori with Side Salad, Fresh Lime &
WELL BEING WEDNESDAY Low Fat Oven Baked Chicken Tandoori with Side Salad, Fresh Lime & Homemade with a reduced Fat Tomato Sauce HM V £3.80 Jacket Potato Fillings Low Fat Cottage Cheese Deli Style Coleslaw with Low Fat Mayonnaise Lean Mince Chilli Con Carne Grated Welsh Cheddar Tuna Mayonnaise (responsibly
Davies, Christopher
Measurement of the elements of {chi}{sup (3)} for degenerate four-wave mixing in OH
Measurements of the polarization characteristics of degenerate four-wave mixing transitions in the A{sup 2}{sigma}{sup +} {yields} X{sup 2}{Pi}(0,0) band of OH are found to disagree with theory and are attributed to population gratings from open-system effects.
Rahn, L.A. [Sandia National Labs., Livermore, CA (United States); Brown, M.S. [SRI International, Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Measurement of the elements of. chi. sup (3) for degenerate four-wave mixing in OH
Rahn, L.A. (Sandia National Labs., Livermore, CA (United States)); Brown, M.S. (SRI International, Menlo Park, CA (United States))
agricultural research centers that receive principal funding from governments, private foundations, and international and regional organizations, most of which are members of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTORS AND PARTNERS IFPRI?s research, capacity strengthening, and communications work is made possible by its financial contributors and partners. IFPRI gratefully acknowledges the generous unrestricted funding from
Ruth Vargas Hill
PROCEEDINGS, Thirty-Sixth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California, January 31 -February 2, 2011
, 34469, Turkey 2 Stanford University, Department of Energy Resources Engineering, 367 Panama Street works and in different mathematical forms. This can be seen in the classic paper of Harper and Jordan of parameters with poor predictive capacity. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We gratefully acknowledge PNOC-EDC (now Energy
Stanford University
Symposium Schedule Poster Presentations: 10:30a.m. 12:00pm & 12:30pm 2:00pm
Matthew Murray Advisor: Girsh Blumberg poster # 455 Physics Efficient Grating Coupler for Surface Plasmon of Conserved Residues in S. pombe Tropomyosin (cdc8p) Melissa Pamula Advisor: Sarah Hitchcock-DeGregori A New Political Science Civil Society in New Democracies Kristyn Manoukian & Deepta Janardhan Advisor: Jan Kubik
Prepared by Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Livermore, California 94550 as a mutually beneficial interaction between science and technology in which: science enables new tools and technology, and these tools and technology likewise enable new science. #12;4 Acknowledgements We gratefully
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING DONALD E. KNUTH Stanford University
feedback from readers before I can #12;nalize the o�?cial volumes. In other words, I think these fascicles. As usual, I will gratefully pay a reward of $2.56 to the #12;rst person who reports anything of the fascicles will represent new material destined for Volumes 4 and higher; but sometimes I will be presenting
Knuth, Donald E.
Optical system for high resolution spectrometer/monochromator
An optical system for use in a spectrometer or monochromator employing a mirror which reflects electromagnetic radiation from a source to converge with same in a plane. A straight grooved, varied-spaced diffraction grating receives the converging electromagnetic radiation from the mirror and produces a spectral image for capture by a detector, target or like receiver.
Hettrick, Michael C. (Berkeley, CA); Underwood, James H. (Walnut Creek, CA)
JAHRESBERICHT Institut fr Solarenergieforschung GmbH in Hameln/Emmerthal An-Institut der
, most of the Photovoltaics (PV) solar cells market is based on 200 µm thick crystalline silicon wafer [1 of photonic crystals and diffraction gratings for ultra thin film Si solar cells Présentée devant L forget the investigation suggestions and personal helps from Ounsi EI Daif and Romain Peretti during
Efficient Evaluation of Doubly Periodic Green Functions in 3D Scattering, Including Wood Anomaly Frequencies
We present efficient methods for computing wave scattering by diffraction gratings that exhibit two-dimensional periodicity in three dimensional (3D) space. Applications include scattering in acoustics, electromagnetics and elasticity. Our approach uses boundary-integral equations. The quasi-periodic Green function is a doubly infinite sum of scaled 3D free-space outgoing Helmholtz Green functions. Their source points are located at the nodes of a periodicity lattice of the grating. For efficient numerical computation of the lattice sum, we employ a smooth truncation. Super-algebraic convergence to the Green function is achieved as the truncation radius increases, except at frequency-wavenumber pairs at which a Rayleigh wave is at exactly grazing incidence to the grating. At these "Wood frequencies", the term in the Fourier series representation of the Green function that corresponds to the grazing Rayleigh wave acquires an infinite coefficient and the lattice sum blows up. At Wood frequencies, we modify the Green function by adding two types of terms to it. The first type adds weighted spatial shifts of the Green function to itself with singularities below the grating; this yields algebraic convergence. The second-type terms are quasi-periodic plane wave solutions of the Helmholtz equation. They reinstate (with controlled coefficients) the grazing modes, effectively eliminated by the terms of first type. These modes are needed in the Green function for guaranteeing the well-posedness of the boundary-integral equation that yields the scattered field. We apply this approach to acoustic scattering by a doubly periodic 2D grating near and at Wood frequencies and scattering by a doubly periodic array of scatterers away from Wood frequencies.
Oscar P. Bruno; Stephen P. Shipman; Catalin Turc; Stephanos Venakides
CALIFOREGTIA CALIFOREGTIA Radiation Laboratory Contract NO, W-7405-eng-48 THE PATH O F CARBON I N PHOTOSYNTHF;SIS, X V I I Z THE IDENTIFICATION OF NUCLEOTIDE C O m m S J. G. Buchanan, V . 9, Lynch, A, A, Benson M, Calvin and D o F, Bradley Berkeley, California TIU PATH OF CARBON IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS, XBIII ~m ~IUIFIGATION OF NLTCUOTIDE COENZYMES" *I 6. G , Buchanan, Be Ho Lynchp A . A . Benson, M, Calvin and Do Fo Bradley Radiation Laboratory and Department of Chemistry Univepsity of Cdif ornia Berkeley, California The radioactive compounds to be observed when algae or green leaves are allowed to photosynthesize in C - for short periods are almost all phosphorylated derivatives of sugars, Of these, phosphate esters of trioses, sedoheptulose and fructose are the first to incorporate $4 followed closely
MEtlORANDUM TO: FILE
\ \ MEtlORANDUM / TO: FILE "ATE--$ SUBJECT: ___ NfiME: ALTERNATE w-------- CITY:J!M ------------------ST~~=-i-!-~~- P Pest:-___----_____--______,__ Current: -----_-~~----~~~~~-------- Owner contacted 0 yes q no3 if yes, date contacted TYPE OF OPERATION ----------------- 0 Research & Development q Facility Type 0 Production scale testing 0 Pilot Scale q rlanuf ecturing 0 Bench Scale Process q University 0 Theor&i&l Studies 0 Research Organization 0 Sample & 'Anal*sis 0 Government Sponsored Facility M Other / -LLp&-+ ------- --- 0 Production ==~-++@L _ Cl Disposal/Storage d&&u IY!?~AELE!I~n_CI . - ~. .; 0 Prime 0 Subcontract& 0 Purchase Order 0 Other information (i.e., cost + fixed fee, unit price, time 84 material, etc)
Independent Oversight Review, Savannah River Site - August 2011 |
August 2011 August 2011 Independent Oversight Review, Savannah River Site - August 2011 August 2011 Review of Commercial Grade Dedication Plans for the Safety Instrumented System at the Savannah River Site Waste Solidification Building Project The Office of Enforcement and Oversight (Independent Oversight) within the Office of Health, Safety and Security (HSS), conducted an independent review of selected aspects of Savannah River Nuclear Solutions' (SRNS) plans for commercial grade dedication (CGD) of the Waste Solidification Building (WSB) Safety Instrumented System (SIS) safety significant components at the Savannah River Site (SRS). The independent review was conducted during June 14-24 and July 12-13, 2011, by Independent Oversight in coordination with the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Nuclear
Weak-Lensing Detection at z~1.3: Measurement of the Two Lynx Clusters with Advanced Camera for Surveys
(Abridged) We present a HST/ACS weak-lensing study of RX J0849+4452 and RX J0848+4453, the two most distant (at z=1.26 and z=1.27, respectively) clusters yet measured with weak-lensing. The two clusters are separated by ~4' from each other and appear to form a supercluster in the Lynx field. Using our deep ACS F775W and F850LP imaging, we detected weak-lensing signals around both clusters at ~4 sigma levels. The mass distribution indicated by the reconstruction map is in good spatial agreement with the cluster galaxies. From the SIS fitting, we determined that RX J0849+4452 and RX J0848+4453 have similar projected masses of ~2.0x10^14 solar mass and ~2.1x10^14 solar mass, respectively, within a 0.5 Mpc (~60") aperture radius.
Jee, M J; Ford, H C; Holden, B; Illingworth, G D; Mei, S; White, R L
M. J. Jee; R. L. White; H. C. Ford; G. D. Illingworth; J. P. Blakeslee; B. Holden; S. Mei
Measurement of $K^*(892)^0$ and $K^0$ mesons in Al+Al collisions at 1.9$A$ GeV
New measurement of sub-threshold $K^*(892)^0$ and $K^0$ production is presented. The experimental data complete the measurement of strange particles produced in Al+Al collisions at 1.9$A$ GeV measured with the FOPI detector at SIS/GSI. The $K^*(892)^0$ / $K^0$ yield ratio is found to be $0.0315\\pm 0.006 (\\mathrm{stat.})\\pm 0.012 (\\mathrm{syst.})$ and is in good agreement with the UrQMD model prediction. These measurements provide information on in-medium cross section of $K^+$ - $\\pi^-$ fusion which is the dominant process on sub-threshold $K^*(892)^0$ production.
Lopez, X; Piasecki, K
Application of quaternary phase diagrams to compound semiconductor processing. Progress report, April 1, 1988--December 31, 1988
This paper considers the application of quaternary phase diagrams to understanding and predicting the behavior of II-VI thin film interfaces in photovoltaic devices under annealing conditions. Examples, listed in a table, include semiconductor/insulator/semiconductor (SIS) layered structures, II-VI/II-VI and III-V/II-VI epitaxial heterojunctions and oxidation of ternary compounds. Solid solubility is taken into account for quaternary phase diagrams of semiconductor systems. Using free energies of formation, a method to calculate the quaternary phase diagrams was developed. The Ga-As-II-VI and Cd-Te-Zn-O phase diagrams are reviewed as examples of quaternary phase diagrams without and with solid solubility.
Schwartzman, A.
Phase 1 report: investigation of geothermal energy information sources
A subject screening list was developed which would be used by acquisitions specialists as a guide to the orientation of pertinent literature. The subject screening list was derived primarily from the geothermal subset of the ERDA Energy Thesaurus and from the ERDA Energy Information Data Base Subject Categories (TID-4584). The subject screening list is included. Subsequent to preparation of the subject screening list, a core list of serial publications containing geothermal energy information was generated by SIS library scientists. This list was corelated with the ERDA-TIC serial publications list. Included in both lists is an estimate of the annual geothermal information yield of the serial sources. A listing of sources of geothermal energy information other than serial publications and the conclusions, including methods of acquisitioning to be utilized and the estimated annual volume of information from all sources are presented.
Bayesian analysis of joint strong gravitational lensing and dynamic galactic mass in SLACS: evidence of line-of-sight contamination
We readdress the calculation of the mass of early-type galaxies using strong gravitational lensing and stellar dynamics. Our sample comprises 27 galaxies in the Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) Survey. Comparing the mass estimates from these two independent methods in a Bayesian framework, we find evidence of significant line-of-sight mass contamination. Assuming a power-law mass distribution, the best fit density profile is given by $\\rho \\propto r^{-1.69\\pm0.05}$. We show that neglecting the line-of-sight mass contamination produces an overestimate of the mass attributed to the lens-galaxy by the lensing method, which introduces a bias in favor of a SIS profile when using the joint lensing and dynamic analysis to determine the slope of the density profile. We suggest that the line-of-sight contamination could also be important for other astrophysical and cosmological uses of joint lensing and dynamical measurements.
Antonio C. C. Guimar�es; Laerte Sodr� Jr.
Dynamics of hot and dense nuclear and partonic matter
The dynamics of hot and dense nuclear matter is discussed from the microscopic transport point of view. The basic concepts of the Hadron-String-Dynamical transport model (HSD)-derived from Kadanoff-Baym equations in phase phase-are presented as well as 'highlights' of HSD results for different observables in heavy-ion collisions from 100 A MeV (SIS) to 21 A TeV(RHIC) energies. Furthermore, a novel extension of the HSD model for the description of the partonic phase-the Parton-Hadron-String-Dynamics (PHSD) approach-is introduced. PHSD includes a nontrivial partonic equation of state-in line with lattice QCD-as well as covariant transition rates from partonic to hadronic degrees of freedom. The sensitivity of hadronic observables to the partonic phase is demonstrated for relativistic heavy-ion collisions from the FAIR/NICA up to the RHIC energy regime.
Bratkovskaya, E. L., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Frankfurt University, Institute for Theoretical Physics (Germany); Cassing, W. [Giessen University, Institute for Theoretical Physics (Germany); Linnyk, O. [Frankfurt University, Institute for Theoretical Physics (Germany); Konchakovski, V. P. [Giessen University, Institute for Theoretical Physics (Germany); Voronyuk, V. [Frankfurt University, FIAS (Germany); Ozvenchuk, V. [Frankfurt University, Institute for Theoretical Physics (Germany)
HVAC BESTEST: A Procedure for Testing the Ability of Whole-Building Energy Simulation Programs to Model Space Conditioning Equipment: Preprint
Validation of Building Energy Simulation Programs consists of a combination of empirical validation, analytical verification, and comparative analysis techniques (Judkoff 1988). An analytical verification and comparative diagnostic procedure was developed to test the ability of whole-building simulation programs to model the performance of unitary space-cooling equipment that is typically modeled using manufacturer design data presented as empirically derived performance maps. Field trials of the method were conducted by researchers from nations participating in the International Energy Agency (IEA) Solar Heating and Cooling (SHC) Programme Task 22, using a number of detailed hourly simulation programs from Europe and the United States, including: CA-SIS, CLIM2000, PROMETHEUS, TRNSYS-TUD, and two versions of DOE-2.1E. Analytical solutions were also developed for the test cases.
Neymark, J,; Judkoff, R.; Knabe, G.; Le, H.-T.; Durig, M.; Glass, A.; Zweifel, G.
01 - 12710 of 26,764 results. 01 - 12710 of 26,764 results. Download EA 1714: Final Environmental Assessment Toda America, Incorporated Electric Drive Vehicle Battery and Component Manufacturing Initiative Project Battle Creek, MI http://energy.gov/nepa/downloads/ea-1714-final-environmental-assessment Download DOE-STD-1195-2011 Design of Safety Significant Safety Instrumented Systems Used at DOE Non-Reactor Nuclear Facilities This standard provides requirements and guidance for the design, procurement, installation, testing, maintenance, operation, and quality assurance of safety instrumented systems (SIS) that may be used at Department of Energy (DOE) nonreactor nuclear facilities for safety significant (SS) functions. http://energy.gov/hss/downloads/doe-std-1195-2011 Download DOE-STD-1193-2010
Service Report Enwgy Information Administration Office of Energy Markets and End Use
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Enwgy Information Administration Enwgy Information Administration Office of Energy Markets and End Use U;S. Department of Energy Washington, O.C. 20585 ^ ± SR-EEUD--84-I leather izat ion Program Evaluation §]*: b? .. Gerald E. Pealjody of Energy Markets and End Use Energy End Use Division August 20, 1984 This raport has not received a complete technical review by the Energy In formation Administration (E1A) and, therefore, should not be represented as an official EIA product. |||lsS|; program in 198 l^^lRia; study is based -on a scatii;f|^ipiiii|', national samp 1* Of : - households chac aarcicipscac in the pr; 3 §S||tMi-lfc|Sis2?ia covers ;he ^tiecrr^n: of conditions under vhich the p This ,s«;;5^H:«lil-lSi|iuGcaG ac che requesic of :rva
Categorical Exclusion (CX) Determinations By Date | Department of Energy
2, 2013 2, 2013 CX-011107: Categorical Exclusion Determination High Efficiency Thin Film Fe2SiS4 and Fe2GeS4-based Cells Prepared from Low-Cost Solution CX(s) Applied: B3.6 Date: 08/12/2013 Location(s): Delaware Offices(s): Golden Field Office August 12, 2013 CX-010883: Categorical Exclusion Determination PHX-LOB and LIB-LOB 230-Kilovolt Double-Circuit- Replace Insulators at Structure No. 28-2 With NCI Type Polymers CX(s) Applied: B1.3 Date: 08/12/2013 Location(s): Arizona Offices(s): Western Area Power Administration-Desert Southwest Region August 12, 2013 CX-010802: Categorical Exclusion Determination Building 19 Mezzanine Demolition Project CX(s) Applied: B1.23 Date: 08/12/2013 Location(s): West Virginia Offices(s): National Energy Technology Laboratory August 12, 2013
Argonne CNM News: A better etching technique: sequential infiltration
A Better Etching Technique Is Invented A Better Etching Technique Is Invented Mark Holt (Argonne Center for Nanoscale Materials) examines a sample in the Hard X-Ray Nanoprobe Deep canyons can be etched into materials at the nanoscale with a new SIS-based lithography technique Nanoscientists at Argonne's Center for Nanoscale Materials and Energy Systems Division have discovered a new way to transfer patterns onto different materials, an innovation that combines new tricks with an old technology. One of the biggest recent questions facing materials science has involved the development of better techniques for high-resolution lithographies such as electron-beam (e-beam) lithography. E-beam lithography is used to manufacture the tiniest of structures, including microelectronics and advanced sensors; beams of electrons are part of a
Categorical Exclusion Determinations: Delaware | Department of Energy
Delaware Delaware Categorical Exclusion Determinations: Delaware Location Categorical Exclusion Determinations issued for actions in Delaware. DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD August 12, 2013 CX-011107: Categorical Exclusion Determination High Efficiency Thin Film Fe2SiS4 and Fe2GeS4-based Cells Prepared from Low-Cost Solution CX(s) Applied: B3.6 Date: 08/12/2013 Location(s): Delaware Offices(s): Golden Field Office September 18, 2012 CX-010528: Categorical Exclusion Determination Durability Investigation for Quarternary Phosphonium-based Polymer Hydroxide Exchange Membranes CX(s) Applied: B3.6 Date: 09/18/2012 Location(s): Delaware Offices(s): Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy September 6, 2012 CX-009147: Categorical Exclusion Determination Delaware State Energy Program Formula Grant Application
Selected State Legislation and
and and Selected State Legislation and Regulation in the Annual Energy Outlook U. S. Energy Information Administration/Assumptions to the Annual Energy Outlook 2009 173 Appendix A: Handling of Federal and Selected State Legislation and Regulation in the Annual Energy Outlook Legislation Brief Description AEO Handling Ba sis Residential Sector A. National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 Requires Secretary of Energy to set minimum efficiency standards for 10 appliance categories. Included for categories represented in the AEO residential sector forecast. a. Room Air Conditioners Current standard of 9.8 EER Federal Register Notice of Final Rulemaking. b. Other Air Conditioners (<5.4 tons) Current standard 10 SEET for central air conditioners and heat
Microsoft Word - PNNL 90 1-2010_TSD_Final 5-23-2011_Final.docx
P P un A E o B W H B M repared for the nder Contract D Achie Energ of AS BA Thornton W Wang H Cho B Liu, Projec May 2011 U.S. Departmen DE-AC05-76RL0 eving gy and HRAE n MI Ro Y Xie VV Me ct Manager nt of Energy 01830 the 3 d Cos E Stan osenberg endon r 0% G st Sav ndard EE Rich J Zhang RA Atha Goal: vings d 90.1 hman g alye Analy -2010 PNNL-2040 ysis 0 05 PNNL-20405 Achieving the 30% Goal: Energy and Cost Savings Analysis of ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010 BA Thornton MI Rosenberg EE Richman W Wang Y Xie J Zhang H Cho VV Mendon RA Athalye B Liu, Project Manager May 2011 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352 iii Executive Summary This project was conducted by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in support of the U.S.
MAR 1 MAR 1 7 1932 I:FHare r. OAT( Becht el hatio nal, Inc. AnN: Mr. R. L. Hudolp h PO Box 350 Oak Ridge , Til 37830 Gentle men: CRITER IA FOR RENED IAL ACTION AT ACID/P UEBLO AND BAYD CANYO NS; REQUE ST FOR COST/B ENEFIT ANAlY SES OF RrMEDI AL ACTION OPTION S AT THE CAJIYON S INI T IALSi '0 ~nclos ed are sever"a l pieces of ca.rres ponde nce relate d to Acid/P ueblo and Bayo Canyo ns. First. (P has concu rred with the remed ial action criter ia for the ew Mexico sites that were propos ed to them on Augus t 20. 1981 (with the additi on of a criter ion for Pu-239 added Octob er 20,19 81). In slIDllla ry. the criter ia w1l1 be: Radio nuclid e Soil Limit (pCi/g ) Sr-90 100 80 ,:;; rr, SV DO'~ Cs-137 Th-228 . 50 Th-230 280 Th-232 20 0-234 40 U-238 40 Pu-239 100 Pu-240 100 Pu-241 800
The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: measuring the cosmic expansion history using the Alcock-Paczynski test and distant supernovae
Astronomical observations suggest that today's Universe is dominated by a dark energy of unknown physical origin. One of the most notable consequences in many models is that dark energy should cause the expansion of the Universe to accelerate: but the expansion rate as a function of time has proven very difficult to measure directly. We present a new determination of the cosmic expansion history by combining distant supernovae observations with a geometrical analysis of large-scale galaxy clustering within the WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey, using the Alcock-Paczynski test to measure the distortion of standard spheres. Our result constitutes a robust and non-parametric measurement of the Hubble expansion rate as a function of time, which we measure with 10-15% precision in four bins within the redshift range 0.1 < z < 0.9. We demonstrate that the cosmic expansion is accelerating, in a manner independent of the parameterization of the cosmological model (although assuming cosmic homogeneity in our data analy...
Blake, Chris; Davis, Tamara; Brough, Sarah; Colless, Matthew; Contreras, Carlos; Couch, Warrick; Croom, Scott; Drinkwater, Michael J; Forster, Karl; Gilbank, David; Gladders, Mike; Jelliffe, Ben; Jurek, Russell J; Li, I-hui; Madore, Barry; Martin, Chris; Pimbblet, Kevin; Poole, Gregory; Pracy, Michael; Sharp, Rob; Wisnioski, Emily; Woods, David; Wyder, Ted; Yee, Howard
A study was made to obtain information that could be used to evaluate the protection afforded by residences against radiation due to fallout. The sources used were Co/sup 60/ and Cs/sup 137/ and the radiation dosimeters used were pocket type ionization chambers. Measurements were made for distributed sources (400 Co/sup 60/ and 20 Cs/sup 137/) and for single sources located inside the structures (one each, 2-curie Co/sup 60/ and Cs/sup 137/). Attenuation measurements were made for five houses of typical domestic design and construction. Several modifications were made to the houses, and the attenuation measurements were repeated. The houses. located at the Nevada Test Site, included single- and two-story houses with and without hnsements and with light and heavy walls. For comparison with the house data the dose-rate distrihntion above an extended plane source was measured in a phantom house. i.e., air measurements with the instrument fixed on a framework of thin-walled aluminum tubing. Although the complete analysIs of the data is net yet available, some typical analyses are presented, and the effectiveness of some of the modifications is illustrated. (auth)
Auxier, J.A.; Buchanan, J.O.; Eisenhauer, C.; Menker, H.E.
I I . (-J&l ,J z-i2 Ff?,c Y / . June 24, 1953 +a-. "0 !I 2 F 4s 21' + p; 3: h $7 . . a- d :Q 4. 4 'i @j $w J 9. 10. 11. p - ",..-- AU~ORIZA'PION. Project Number bth0a8 ana SC~ eontempmed uf D &to be fabricated on a sub- bv ~CrELftnc.~~o~~, Ohio. These will 1 . be JY?kilrnefl kn TWV Estf~tea Ma~pswer Required gHezn Months) A. Technical A- B. Non-Technical starting Da&e4 Tllne 1 1 QAnaly%%eaa, _ &OO,~O ____ (E) BnafPeC% cot3ts3 (6) MstePf -_ _ u_____e (2) Overhead a B. ' 13 ana OpePatfag Suppli~. (G) earmlsge (D) Addf%fmaB Equipmnt Required ___1~_1 m,f&ea S&ogs %Q be Effee%ed Posf~iblY $0 .20 per slug
ESTSC - Find the latest in U.S. Department of Energy Software
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Search Software Find DOE Software Find FAQ Quick Pick What kinds of software are available? Who can purchase software? What software should be submitted to ESTSC? How are orders processed? How can I contact ESTSC? ESTSC Package Acronym: Select Package Acronym 2DBPM 3D TORUS V1.0 3D-Thermal Abuse Rea AADVISORV2.3.6 ABCLAT V.1.0 ABSIM ABS_PDv14.0 beta ACCTVTV1.1 ACE-ITV5.0 ACE/SAS 1.0 alpha ACECARD ACMEV1.0 ACONF DOS ACOUSTICS-V.1.0 ACOUSTO-ELECTRICV1.0 ACRO V.2.0 ACS ActiveSVM ACTS ACTtools AdagioV2.1 ADAPT ADAPT ANALY ENG V1 ADC ADIC aDORE ADVAD1.0 ADVANCED GRID AEM AEMASE V.1.0 AES6.1 AF-500+DRIVER AFAT AHA AID V1.0 AIMFAST V2011.4.20 AIMVEE AIMVEE TM AISL-CRYPTO AISLDT AKEA AKENTI ALBANY 2.0 ALBANY V 1.0 ALE-AMR ALGAE BIOFUELS ALGALCOMMAND ALGE ALGEBRA IIVer 1.22 ALGEBRA v.1.27
2 2 CURRENT STATUS Open RESPONSIBLE STAFF: Dan Brehmer Hirohito Ogasawara EXPERIMENTS: Photoemission; NEXAFS (see also: Spectroscopic Techniques) SCHEDULING: BL13 Schedules Proposal Submittal and Scheduling Procedures Current SPEAR and Beam Line Schedules SOURCE: Elliptically polarized undulator OPTICS: M0 vertical deflecting spherical, water-cooled M2 horizontal deflecting spherical M3 vertical deflecting elliptical MONOCHROMATOR: Spherical Grating Monochromator (SGM) SLITS : 0-1000 µm. Entrance slit cooled and movable ± 200 mm along optical axis GRATINGS : 3 water-cooled interchangeable HORIZONTAL ANGULAR ACCEPTANCE : 0.25 mrad ENERGY RANGE : 300 l/mm: 150 - 400 E/DE 10000 600 l/mm: 250 - 700 E/DE 10000 1100 l/mm: 500 - 1200 E/DE 10000 SPOT SIZE : 0.01 x 0.075 mm2
ARM - Facility News Article
25, 2011 [Education, Facility News] 25, 2011 [Education, Facility News] Remote Schools Welcome Much-Needed Resources Bookmark and Share Students at the Children's Academy Centre in Lorengau gather as Jacklyn Soko, Teacher-in-Charge at the school, gratefully receives the donation of a new copier. Students at the Children's Academy Centre in Lorengau gather as Jacklyn Soko, Teacher-in-Charge at the school, gratefully receives the donation of a new copier. Seven schools on Manus Island recently welcomed new copiers donated through ARM's Education and Outreach program. Hymson Waffi, officer-in-charge for the ARM's Tropical Western Pacific site on Manus Island, enjoyed the happy task of delivering the equipment to the various schools, including elementary, primary, secondary, and an academy. Each copier was accompanied
Beamline 4.0.3
3 Print 3 Print High-resolution spectroscopy of complex materials (MERLIN) Endstations: MERIXS: High-resolution inelastic scattering ARPES: Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy GENERAL BEAMLINE INFORMATION Operational 2011 Source characteristics 9.0-cm-period quasiperiodic elliptical polarization undulator (EPU9) Energy range 9eV-120eV with current gratings Monochromator Variable-included-angle spherical grating monochromator (SGM) Calculated flux (1.9 GeV, 400 mA) 1012 photons/s/0.01%BW at 100 eV Resolving power (E/ΔE) High flux 1200 lines/mm; ~1/25,000 Endstations High-resolution inelastic scattering (MERIXS) and ARPES Characteristics Milli-Electron-volt Resolution beamLINe (MERLIN): Ultrahigh-resolution inelastic scattering and angle-resolved photoemission
Understanding quantum polarized-light interference experiments through electromagnetic energy flow lines
General expressions to obtain the electromagnetic energy flow lines behind interference gratings are derived in the case where the incident light consists of a polarized monochromatic plane wave. These flow lines show how the electromagnetic energy redistributes in space (behind the grating) until the Fraunhofer regime is reached, thus providing an interpretation based on photon paths for the physics underlying interference phenomena with light. Within this interpretation, one finds that the outcome from a Young's experiment is related in a simple manner to how the electromagnetic energy flux is influenced by the experimental setup, specifically, how the presence of polarizers on each slit and the boundaries imposed by having one or both slits open affect at each time the electromagnetic energy flow, which is directly linked to the Arago-Fresnel laws.
Sanz, A S; Bozic, M; Miret-Art�s, S
A compact multichannel spectrometer for Thomson scattering
The availability of high-efficiency volume phase holographic (VPH) gratings and intensified CCD (ICCD) cameras have motivated a simplified, compact spectrometer for Thomson scattering detection. Measurements of T{sub e} 100 eV by a 2072 l/mm VPH grating. The spectrometer uses a fast-gated ({approx}2 ns) ICCD camera for detection. A Gen III image intensifier provides {approx}45% quantum efficiency in the visible region. The total read noise of the image is reduced by on-chip binning of the CCD to match the 8 spatial channels and the 10 spectral bins on the camera. Three spectrometers provide a minimum of 12 spatial channels and 12 channels for background subtraction.
Schoenbeck, N. L.; Schlossberg, D. J.; Dowd, A. S.; Fonck, R. J.; Winz, G. R. [Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (United States)
Immersion echelle spectrograph
A small spectrograph containing no moving components and capable of providing high resolution spectra of the mid-infrared region from 2 microns to 4 microns in wavelength. The resolving power of the spectrograph exceeds 20,000 throughout this region and at an optical throughput of about 10.sup.-5 cm.sup.2 sr. The spectrograph incorporates a silicon immersion echelle grating operating in high spectral order combined with a first order transmission grating in a cross-dispersing configuration to provide a two-dimensional (2-D) spectral format that is focused onto a two-dimensional infrared detector array. The spectrometer incorporates a common collimating and condensing lens assembly in a near aberration-free axially symmetric design. The spectrometer has wide use potential in addition to general research, such as monitoring atmospheric constituents for air quality, climate change, global warming, as well as monitoring exhaust fumes for smog sources or exhaust plumes for evidence of illicit drug manufacture.
Stevens, Charles G. (Danville, CA); Thomas, Norman L. (Livermore, CA)
Calibration of a microchannel plate based extreme ultraviolet grazing incident spectrometer at the Advanced Light Source
We present the design and calibration of a microchannel plate based extreme ultraviolet spectrometer. Calibration was performed at the Advance Light Source (ALS) at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). This spectrometer will be used to record the single shot spectrum of radiation emitted by the tapered hybrid undulator (THUNDER) undulator installed at the LOASIS GeV-class laser-plasma-accelerator. The spectrometer uses an aberration-corrected concave grating with 1200 lines/mm covering 11-62 nm and a microchannel plate detector with a CsI coated photocathode for increased quantum efficiency in the extreme ultraviolet. A touch screen interface controls the grating angle, aperture size, and placement of the detector in vacuum, allowing for high-resolution measurements over the entire spectral range.
Bakeman, M. S. [Department of Physics, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557 (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States); Tilborg, J. van; Sokollik, T.; Baum, D.; Ybarrolaza, N.; Duarte, R.; Toth, C.; Leemans, W. P. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States)
Distributed Bragg Coupler for Optical All-dielectric Electron Accelerator
A Bragg waveguide consisting of multiple dielectric layers with alternating index of refraction becomes an excellent option to form electron accelerating structure powered by high power laser sources. It provides confinement of a synchronous speed-of-light mode with extremely low loss. However, laser field can not be coupled into the structure collinearly with the electron beam. There are three requirements in designing input coupler for a Bragg electron accelerator: side-coupling, selective mode excitation, and high coupling efficiency. We present a side coupling scheme using a Bragg-grating-assisted input coupler to inject the laser into the waveguide. Side coupling is achieved by a second order Bragg grating with a period on the order of an optical wavelength. The phase matching condition results in resonance coupling thus providing selective mode excitation capability. The coupling efficiency is limited by profile mismatch between the outgoing beam and the incoming beam, which has normally, a Gaussian pro...
Zhang, Zhiyu; Tantawi, Sami G
B. Sandalow B. Sandalow Before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources United States Senate May 5, 2009 Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member Murkowski and Members of the Committee: Thank you for holding this hearing in this busy time. I am honored to come before you as President Obama's nominee to serve as Assistant Secretary of Energy for Policy and International Affairs. I am deeply grateful to President Obama and Secretary Chu for entrusting me with this challenging assignment. I am also deeply grateful to Senator Lugar for his friendship, support and generous introduction, as well as his long record of distinguished leadership on international energy issues. I would like to introduce my wonderful wife of 19 years, Holly Hammonds, and our children, Ben, Maya and Holly. I am also delighted to introduce my brother Marc and
A Better Way to Probe Biological Polymorphs | Advanced Photon Source
Composite Battery Boost Composite Battery Boost Water-Like Properties of Soft Nanoparticle Suspensions Real-Time Capture of Intermediates in Enzymatic Reactions A New Multilayer-Based Grating for Hard X-ray Grating Interferometry The Most Detailed Picture Yet of a Key AIDS Protein Science Highlights Archives: 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 2001 | 2000 | 1998 | Subscribe to APS Science Highlights rss feed A Better Way to Probe Biological Polymorphs December 3, 2013 Bookmark and Share The byssus of the bivalve Anomia simplex provides the anchor between mussel and substrate. Panel A shows a schematic cross-section of the animal (left) and (right) a three-dimensional micro-computed-tomography rendering of the mineralized byssus. The red lines mark three layers that were investigated
51 - 19260 of 28,905 results. 51 - 19260 of 28,905 results. Article Town Known for First Thanksgiving Grateful for Energy Savings Plymouth, Massachusetts, has made a number of energy efficiency improvements to reduce energy waste in the coming years, while also exploring opportunities to expand use of renewable energy sources. http://energy.gov/articles/town-known-first-thanksgiving-grateful-energy-savings Article 60 Years Since Nuclear Turned on the Lights On the 60th anniversary of the world's first nuclear power plant to produce electricity, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy Peter Lyons discusses the Energy Department's and the Administration's commitment to promoting a nuclear renaissance in the United States. http://energy.gov/articles/60-years-nuclear-turned-lights Article Going for the Gold (Computer), Again
Fire victim helped by area programs
Fire victim helped by area programs Fire victim helped by area programs Fire victim helped by local nonprofit organizations A perennial helper, didn't realize that she might someday need help herself. April 3, 2012 Beatrice Dubois is grateful for the help she received from Lab-supported Beatrice Dubois is grateful for the help she received from Lab-supported, local nonprofits during her time of need. Contact Kurt Steinhaus Community Programs Office (505) 665-7370 Email Beatrice Dubois, dedicated fundraiser, assisted after home fire Beatrice Dubois has always been a strong advocate for LANL employee giving programs. Every year, she organizes a bake sale in support of the annual employee giving campaign and musters support with her coworkers for the Lab's annual holiday drive. A perennial helper, she didn't realize
Composite Battery Boost | Advanced Photon Source
Water-Like Properties of Soft Nanoparticle Suspensions Water-Like Properties of Soft Nanoparticle Suspensions Real-Time Capture of Intermediates in Enzymatic Reactions A New Multilayer-Based Grating for Hard X-ray Grating Interferometry The Most Detailed Picture Yet of a Key AIDS Protein Superconductivity with Stripes Science Highlights Archives: 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 2001 | 2000 | 1998 | Subscribe to APS Science Highlights rss feed Composite Battery Boost December 2, 2013 Bookmark and Share Normalized XANES spectra of Li/Se cell during cycling. Black line is the battery voltage profile. New composite materials based on selenium (Se) sulfides that act as the positive electrode in a rechargeable lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery could boost the range of electric vehicles by up to five times, according to
ESS 2012 Peer Review - Iron Based Flow Batteries for Low Cost Grid Level Energy Storage - Jesse Wainright, Case Western Reserve
authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Department of Energy/Office of Electricity's Energy Storage Program. authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Department of Energy/Office of Electricity's Energy Storage Program. Iron Based Flow Batteries for Low Cost Grid Level Energy Storage J.S. Wainright, R. F. Savinell, P.I.s Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Purpose Impact on Iron Based Batteries on the DOE OE Energy Storage Mission Recent Results Recent Results Develop efficient, cost-effective grid level storage capability based on iron. Goals of this Effort: * Minimize Cost/Watt by increasing current density - Hardware Cost >> Electrolyte Cost * Minimize Cost/Whr by increasing plating capacity * Maximize Efficiency by minimizing current lost to hydrogen evolution Electrochemistry of the all-Iron system:
The Fate of Bioavailable Iron in Antarctic Coastal Seas | Advanced Photon
A Better Way to Probe Biological Polymorphs A Better Way to Probe Biological Polymorphs Composite Battery Boost Water-Like Properties of Soft Nanoparticle Suspensions Real-Time Capture of Intermediates in Enzymatic Reactions A New Multilayer-Based Grating for Hard X-ray Grating Interferometry Science Highlights Archives: 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 2001 | 2000 | 1998 | Subscribe to APS Science Highlights rss feed The Fate of Bioavailable Iron in Antarctic Coastal Seas December 11, 2013 Bookmark and Share On the left is an XRF micrograph map of silicon distribution in the diatom Corethron spp. On the right is a map of the distribution of iron in the same diatom. (The images are 66 µm in width.) Lighter colors indicate higher concentrations. Note how the distribution of iron mirrors the
and Sustained Ocean Observations
We greatly appreciate and thank the reviewers for their many thoughtful and insightful comments. Funding for the development of this Plan, and all related activities of the DMAC Steering Committee and its supporting teams, was provided by NASA, NOAA, and NSF. We gratefully acknowledge their support. Suggested Citation: Hankin, S. and the DMAC Steering Committee, 2005, Data Management and Communications Plan for Research and Operational
Geosciences Professional; Services Inc; Chuck Hakkarinen Consultant; John Lever Navy; Susan Starke Noaa; Steven J. Worley
Compact portable diffraction moire interferometer
A compact and portable moire interferometer used to determine surface deformations of an object. The improved interferometer is comprised of a laser beam, optical and fiber optics devices coupling the beam to one or more evanescent wave splitters, and collimating lenses directing the split beam at one or more specimen gratings. Observation means including film and video cameras may be used to view and record the resultant fringe patterns.
Deason, Vance A. (Shelley, ID); Ward, Michael B. (Idaho Falls, ID)
A compact and portable moire interferometer used to determine surface deformations of an object. The improved interferometer is comprised of a laser beam, optical and fiber optics devices coupling the beam to one or more evanescent wave splitters, and collimating lenses directing the split beam at one or more specimen gratings. Observations means including film and video cameras may be used to view and record the resultant fringe patterns. 7 figs.
Working Paper No. 616 Product Complexity and Economic Development by
Asian Development Bank. We are grateful to Mike Hobday for his comments and suggestions, in particular for bringing to our attention the wealth of related literature on capabilities. The usual disclaimer applies. This paper represents the views of the authors, and not those of the Asian Development Bank, those of its Executive Directors, or of the member countries that they represent. Respective e-mails are: email@example.com;
Arnelyn Abdon; Marife Bacate; Jesus Felipe
Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke in the development of cardiorespiratory disease in smokers
in General and Geriatric Medicine, West Suffolk Hospital . 1985 - 1986 . 3) Consultant Physician in General and Geriatric Medicine, Huntingdon District Health Au~hority. 1986. Acknowledgements I am most grateful to the East Anglian Regional Health... was starting in Virginia. Growing was also started at that time in other parts of the world where the climate was suitable e.g. Turkey (Akehurst 1981). During the 18th century snuff became the most popular way of taking tobacco but the habit rapidly...
Borland, Colin David Ross
Rock art regionalism and identity: case studies from Trans-Pecos Texas and Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
, and Conraad de Rosner, whose knowledge of the veldt is unrivalled. This project was funded by the Arts & Humanities Research Council, UK; the Center for Big Bend Studies, Sul Ross State University, Texas; the McDonald Institute for Archaeological... Research and Clare College, Cambridge; and the Kirk-Greene Travel Fund. I am grateful to Dave Robinson, Maria Abreu, George Nash, the American Rock Art Research Association, and Andy Cloud for enabling me to attend stimulating conferences in far...
Hampson, Jamie
Social Interactions, Ethnicity and Fertility in Kenya
are grateful to Wiji Arulampalam, Ethan Cohen-Cole, Partha Dasgupta, Gernot Doppelhofer, Steven Durlauf, Timothy Guinnane, Andrew Harvey, Larry Iannaccone, Hashem Pesaran, Richard Smith, and Chander Velu. We acknowledge funding from the Centre for Research... of the group is small, such as interaction e�ects within extended families of small communities. 3 Overview of ethnic groups in Kenya Social interactions and channels of message transmission about fertility behaviour are important at the level of ethnicity...
Iyer, Sriya; Weeks, Melvyn
Fueling the Future Force Preparing the Department of Defense for a Post-Petroleum Era
We would like to thank our colleagues at the Center for a New American Security (CNAS) for their valuable insights and comments throughout the research and writing process. Will Rogers, Dr. Kristin Lord, and more than a dozen colleagues all provided invaluable feedback and critiques. Joseph S. Nye, Jr. National Security Intern Alexandra Stark contributed her sharp, investigative research skills and excellent writing. We are grateful for external reviews of drafts from, among others, CDR Herb
Christine Parthemore; John Nagl Acknowledgments; Cover Image; Christine Parthemore
Structural and biochemical studies of the yeast linker histone, Hho1p
gratefully acknowledge the BBSRC, the Board of Graduate Studies Hardship Award Scheme and the Access to Learning Fund for financial aid. Warmest thanks must go to my family and friends who have supported me throughout this endeavour. I thank my parents... , upon increasing the ionic strength, and led to a solenoid model being proposed (Finch and Klug, 1976). The solenoid model describes one strand of nucleosomes that coil into a helix with about six nucleosomes per turn. The adjacent nucleosomes...
Osmotherly, Lara May
A survey of the liberalisation of public enterprises in the UK since 1979
for providing detailed comments. The usual disclaimer applies. Financial support from the IDE�s �Deregulation and Institutional Frameworks� project is gratefully acknowledged. 1 Source: CSO (1987) UK National Accounts 1987 Edition. 2 Source: CSO (1993) UK... exchange (eg. British Petroleum) or which operated in competitive markets were privatised (Amersham and Associated British Ports) were sold off. It was during the second administration 1983-87 that the privatisation of major utilities began...
Pollitt, Michael G.
Common Correlated Effects Estimation of Heterogeneous Dynamic Panel Data Models with Weakly Exogenous Regressors
;t#0;1 + #12;0ixit + #12;1ixi;t#0;1 + pTX `=0 #14;0i`#22;zt#0;` + eyit, (40) 9We are grateful to Jushan Bai, Hyungsik Roger Moon, and Martin Weidner for providing us with their Matlab codes. 20 for i = 1; 2; :::; N , where #22;zt = N#0;1 PN i=1 zit...
Pesaran, Hashem; Chudik, Alexander
Macroeconomic Dynamics and Credit Risk: A Global Perspective
(1999)). The literature on modeling LGD (sometimes called loss severity) is not nearly as rich as it is for PD. Most of the work has been strictly empirical (Altman and Kishore (1996), Gupton, Gates and Carty (2000), Van de Castle, Keisman and Yang (2000... single country or region. By estimating a cointe- grating model for each country/region separately, we are also able to allow for endow- ment and institutional heterogeneities that exist across the different countries in our modeling strategy. Accordingly...
Pesaran, M Hashem; Schuermann, Til; Treutler, Bjorn-Jakob; Weiner, Scott M
Coupling light into graphene plasmons through surface acoustic waves
We propose a scheme for coupling laser light into graphene plasmons with the help of electrically generated surface acoustic waves. The surface acoustic wave forms a diffraction grating which allows to excite the long lived phonon-like branch of the hybridized graphene plasmon-phonon dispersion with infrared laser light. Our approach avoids patterning the graphene sheet, does not rely on complicated optical near-field techniques, and allows to electrically switch the coupling between far field radiation and propagating graphene plasmons.
Schiefele, J�rgen; Sols, Fernando; Calle, Fernando; Guinea, Francisco
Copyright! 2010!No!part!of!this!presentation!may!be! reproduced!in!any!form!without!prior!authorization.
!Power!Research!Institute!(EPRI),!and!support!from!EPRI,!NSF,! and!ORNL!for!my!graduate!students' doctoral!research!is!gratefully!acknowledged. Canada"U.S.!Workshop!on!Smart!Grid!prior!authorization. Smart!Grid:!Tsunami!of!Data!Developing New!devices!in!the!home enabled!by!the!smart!meter You!prior!authorization. "Smart!Grid" Components!&!Devices Google!Power!Meter Smart!Meters Source:!IBM!Smart!Grid! Secure!Smart!Grids
that full credit, including � notice, is given to the source. Shale Gas Development and Property Values: Differences across Drinking Water Sources
Natural Resources for data on well completions. We gratefully acknowledge support from the Cynthia and George Mitchell Foundation. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peerreviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications.
Lucija Muehlenbachs; Elisheba Spiller; Christopher Timmins; Jackie Willwerth; Lucija Muehlenbachs; Elisheba Spiller; Christopher Timmins; Lucija Muehlenbachs; Elisheba Spiller; Christopher Timmins
Journal of Tropical Ecology (2009) 25:281300. Copyright 2009 Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/S0266467409006038 Printed in the United Kingdom
Sampling was conducted in the 1.7-Mha landholding of Jar´i Celulose S.A., located on the border between was developed from a combination of land-use data provided by Jari Celulose S.A and a semi-IBAMA) for permission to conduct this study. We are grateful to Orsa Florestal and Jari Celulose for permission to work
High power microwave generator
A microwave generator efficiently converts the energy of an intense relativistic electron beam (REB) into a high-power microwave emission using the Smith-Purcell effect which is related to Cerenkov radiation. Feedback for efficient beam bunching and high gain is obtained by placing a cylindrical Smith-Purcell transmission grating on the axis of a toroidal resonator. High efficiency results from the use of a thin cold annular highly-magnetized REB that is closely coupled to the resonant structure.
Ekdahl, C.A.