text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Prototype Kilogram 20, replica
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
... kilogramme des Archives, was selected as the International Prototype Kilogram, and is now maintained at BIPM. National Prototype Kilograms No. ...
Kilogram prototype in Paris
... Unit of mass (kilogram). This international prototype, made ... 1st CGPM in 1889. Photograph courtesy of � BIPM. Return to kilogram.
Kilogram/Liter. ca. 1905 NIST Museum Collection. The kilogram/liter was a hollow gold-plated brass sphere having a mass ...
Redefinition of the Kilogram
Redefinition of the Kilogram. Summary: ... US National Prototype Kilogram. It is made of 90% platinum, 10% iridium. Start Date: February 1, 2008. ...
Base unit definitions: Kilogram
... Unit of mass (kilogram), Abbreviations: CGPM, CIPM, BIPM. At the end of the 18th century, a kilogram was the mass of a cubic decimeter of water. ...
Replace Kilogram Standard? NIST Weighs Options
... Replace Kilogram Standard? ... For some time, scientists have considered replacing the kilogram mass standard with a natural constant. ...
Disseminating the Kilogram, No Strings Attached
Disseminating the Kilogram, No Strings Attached. August 24, 2012. ... The impending redefinition of the kilogram presents a weighty dilemma. ...
The New Kilogram Definition and its Implications for High ...
... 353 The New Kilogram Definition and its ... Key words: kilogram redefinition; mass dissemination; uncertainty; weight classes for legal metrology. ...
International Metrology and the Redefinition of the Kilogram
... 15 Compared to the International Prototype Kilogram, the measured masses of prototype kilograms around the world are diverging. Page 16. ...
CODATA Value: kilogram-hartree relationship
... kilogram-hartree relationship. Value, 2.061 485 968 x 10 34 E h. Standard uncertainty, 0.000 000 091 x 10 34 E h. Relative ...
60 kilograms high explosive containment with multi-diagnostic capability
SciTech Connect
In anticipation of increasingly stringent environmental regulations, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) proposes to construct a 60 kilogram (kg) firing chamber to provide blast-effects containment for most of its open-air, high explosives, firing operations. Even though these operations are within current environmental limits, containment of the blast effects and hazardous debris will further drastically reduce emissions to the environment and minimize the generated hazardous waste.
Simmons, L F
CODATA Value: kilogram-kelvin relationship
... kilogram-kelvin relationship. Value, 6.509 6582 x 10 39 K. Standard uncertainty, 0.000 0059 x 10 39 K. Relative standard uncertainty, 9.1 x 10 -7. ...
Replace Kilogram Artifact Now With Definition Based on ...
Replace Kilogram Artifact Now With Definition Based on Nature, Experts Say. ... �This started out as a study of the effects of redefining the kilogram. ...
Appendix C
... 1 hundredweight, gross or short (cwt or net cwt). 100 pounds (exactly) 45.359 kilograms. 1 kilogram (kg), 2.205 pounds. 1 milligram (mg), 0.015 grain ...
KG Group | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
KG Group KG Group Jump to: navigation, search Name KG Group Place Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Sector Solar Product Holding company for three yarn firms; setting up a solar thermal plant in Tamil Nadu. Coordinates 11.01167°, 76.98406° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":11.01167,"lon":76.98406,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Preliminary Results of Voloxidation Processing of Kilogram Quantities of Used Nuclear Fuel
Advanced nuclear fuel processing methodologies are being studied as part of the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) program at ORNL. To support this initiative, processes and equipment were deployed at ORNL to perform all steps in the recycle process on actual used nuclear fuels, ranging from used fuel receipt to production of products and waste forms at the kilogram-scale (with capacity to process 20 kg of used fuel per year in up to four campaigns). In the first campaign, approximately 4 kg of used fuel was processed. As previously reported, the head-end processing was completed using saw-segmented Dresden fuel in lab-scale equipment in multiple batches. The second processing campaign used a new single pin shear and a new bench-scale voloxidizer to perform the dry head-end treatment prior to fuel dissolution. Approximately ~5 kg of used fuel (heavy metal basis) was processed in the second campaign. Two different fuels were oxidized in three separate batches to provide a range of processing conditions. The material used for each batch and general processing conditions are summarized in Table 1. Progress of the oxidation reaction was monitored continuously by two primary measurements; the concentration of oxygen in the effluent stream which was depressed as the oxygen was consumed, and the concentration of krypton-85 in the effluent stream as measured by a gamma counter on the off-gas pipeline. Table 1. Voloxidation test conditions for second campaign. Batch Fuel Source Burnup (GWd/MT)Batch size (kg*)/(kg**)Segment Length (in) Oxidation GasOperation Temperature ( C) 1Surry-2361.223/1.7041.0Air500 2North Anna63 702.071/2.8850.88Air600 3North Anna63 702.012/2.8030.88Oxygen600 * Heavy metal basis. ** Total fuel (oxide + cladding) basis. Fission product gases evolved from the fuel during the oxidation process were trapped for subsequent chemical and radiochemical analysis. The series of traps included a bed of molecular sieves to recover tritium (as HTO), silver-substituted zeolite to capture iodine (e.g. as AgI), a caustic scrubber to collect carbon dioxide (including 14CO2), a hydrogen-substituted mordenite to capture krypton (e.g. 85Kr) by cryogenic temperature swing adsorption, and a silver-substituted mordenite to capture xenon by cryogenic temperature swing absorption. The quantities of these volatile gases collected were compared to ORIGEN calculations to estimate the effectiveness of the voloxidation process to separate the volatiles from the used fuel. This paper will describe the voloxidation system and present preliminary results from the second processing campaign.
Spencer, Barry B [ORNL; DelCul, Guillermo D [ORNL; Jubin, Robert Thomas [ORNL; Owens, R Steven [ORNL; Ramey, Dan W [ORNL; Collins, Emory D [ORNL
Site Recycles Millions of Pounds of Metal | Department of Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Site Recycles Millions of Pounds of Metal Site Recycles Millions of Pounds of Metal Site Recycles Millions of Pounds of Metal May 30, 2013 - 12:00pm Addthis The Portsmouth site worked with two regional companies and local law enforcement to arrange transportation of 10 massive synchronous condensers as part of an asset recovery effort. The Portsmouth site worked with two regional companies and local law enforcement to arrange transportation of 10 massive synchronous condensers as part of an asset recovery effort. PIKETON, Ohio - The EM program at the Portsmouth site and its contractor, Fluor-B&W Portsmouth, recycled millions of pounds of metal from the demolition of an electrical switchyard that served the former gaseous diffusion plant. The effort at the Portsmouth site diverted more than 4 million pounds of
Recycles Millions of Pounds of Metal Recycles Millions of Pounds of Metal Site Recycles Millions of Pounds of Metal May 30, 2013 - 12:00pm Addthis The Portsmouth site worked with two regional companies and local law enforcement to arrange transportation of 10 massive synchronous condensers as part of an asset recovery effort. The Portsmouth site worked with two regional companies and local law enforcement to arrange transportation of 10 massive synchronous condensers as part of an asset recovery effort. PIKETON, Ohio - The EM program at the Portsmouth site and its contractor, Fluor-B&W Portsmouth, recycled millions of pounds of metal from the demolition of an electrical switchyard that served the former gaseous diffusion plant. The effort at the Portsmouth site diverted more than 4 million pounds of
How Measuring the Planck Constant gets to an Electronic Kilogram Standard
The best measurement of the Planck constant is now derived from the watt balance method. This method measures mechanical power, in reference units of the kilogram (artifact mass standard), second (atomic clocks), and meter (lasers), in ratio to electrical power, in reference units of the volt (Josephson effect) and ohm (quantum Hall effect). Of these reference standards, only the kilogram is still an artifact standard. Thus a high precision measurement of the Planck constant is equivalent to monitoring the SI kilogram artifact, and may be used to redefine the kilogram. This talk will summarize the complexity of making a Planck constant measurement, where there are interesting aspects of basic physics that appear when the ultimate precision of the standards laboratory is applied to obtain an uncertainty of 20 parts in a billion.
Steiner, Richard
Pound Ridge, New York: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
Pound Ridge, New York: Energy Resources Pound Ridge, New York: Energy Resources Jump to: navigation, search Equivalent URI DBpedia Coordinates 41.2087066°, -73.5748483° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.2087066,"lon":-73.5748483,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Electronic Kilogram
... NIST has led the world since 1998 with three consistent results for the determination of h. The most recent NIST value ... Lead Organizational Unit: ...
E-Print Network (OSTI)
and maintenance are both important. Propane and CNG are NOT "cleaner burning". RSD is a very good tool but ... Measured grams pollutant per kg of fuel from RSD -quantifiable uncertainty Fuel sales from tax department inventories · Only need one week of work and fuel sales to get fuel based emissions inventories · RSD
Property:PotentialBiopowerSolidMass | Open Energy Information
Property Property Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Property:PotentialBiopowerSolidMass Jump to: navigation, search Property Name PotentialBiopowerSolidMass Property Type Quantity Description The potential mass of solid biopower material for a place. Use this type to express a quantity of magnitude, or an object's resistance to acceleration. The default unit is the kilogram (kg). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram Acceptable units (and their conversions) are: Kilograms - 1 kg, kilo, kilogram, kilograms, Kilogram, kilogramme, kilos Grams - 1000 g, gram, gramme, grams Tonnes - 0.001 tonnes, metric tons, Tonnes, Metric Tonnes Pounds - 2.205 lbs, pounds, pound, Pounds, Lbs Stone - 0.1575 stones, st, stone Ounces - 35.27 ounces, oz, Ounces, ounce
Property:PotentialBiopowerGaseousMass | Open Energy Information
PotentialBiopowerGaseousMass PotentialBiopowerGaseousMass Jump to: navigation, search Property Name PotentialBiopowerGaseousMass Property Type Quantity Description The potential mass of gaseous biopower material for a place. Use this type to express a quantity of magnitude, or an object's resistance to acceleration. The default unit is the kilogram (kg). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram Acceptable units (and their conversions) are: Kilograms - 1 kg, kilo, kilogram, kilograms, Kilogram, kilogramme, kilos Grams - 1000 g, gram, gramme, grams Tonnes - 0.001 tonnes, metric tons, Tonnes, Metric Tonnes Pounds - 2.205 lbs, pounds, pound, Pounds, Lbs Stone - 0.1575 stones, st, stone Ounces - 35.27 ounces, oz, Ounces, ounce BDT - 0.001 BDT, Bone Dry Tonnes, bdt Pages using the property "PotentialBiopowerGaseousMass"
Property:Dry Mass(kg) | Open Energy Information
Mass(kg) Jump to: navigation, search Property Name Dry Mass(kg) Property Type String Retrieved from "http:en.openei.orgwindex.php?titleProperty:DryMass(kg)&oldid623736"...
Property:Dry Mass (kg) | Open Energy Information
Mass (kg) Jump to: navigation, search Property Name Dry Mass (kg) Property Type String Retrieved from "http:en.openei.orgwindex.php?titleProperty:DryMass(kg)&oldid642179"...
Idaho Crews Overcome Challenges to Safely Dispose 1-Million-Pound Hot Cell
Crews Overcome Challenges to Safely Dispose 1-Million-Pound Crews Overcome Challenges to Safely Dispose 1-Million-Pound Hot Cell Idaho Crews Overcome Challenges to Safely Dispose 1-Million-Pound Hot Cell American Recovery and Reinvestment Act cleanup crews at the Idaho site recently disposed of a hot cell as heavy as nine fully loaded Boeing 737s. Unlike the aircrafts, the 1-million-pound concrete structure moved about two miles per hour on a trailer with 224 tires towed by a semi-truck. Workers safely transported the cell from the Advanced Test Reactor Complex (ATR-C) to an onsite landfill two miles away. Idaho Crews Overcome Challenges to Safely Dispose 1-Million-Pound Hot Cell More Documents & Publications 2011 ARRA Newsletters CX-001627: Categorical Exclusion Determination Occupational Safety Performance Trends
Crews Overcome Challenges to Safely Dispose 1-Million-Pound Crews Overcome Challenges to Safely Dispose 1-Million-Pound Hot Cell Idaho Crews Overcome Challenges to Safely Dispose 1-Million-Pound Hot Cell American Recovery and Reinvestment Act cleanup crews at the Idaho site recently disposed of a hot cell as heavy as nine fully loaded Boeing 737s. Unlike the aircrafts, the 1-million-pound concrete structure moved about two miles per hour on a trailer with 224 tires towed by a semi-truck. Workers safely transported the cell from the Advanced Test Reactor Complex (ATR-C) to an onsite landfill two miles away. Idaho Crews Overcome Challenges to Safely Dispose 1-Million-Pound Hot Cell More Documents & Publications 2011 ARRA Newsletters CX-002327: Categorical Exclusion Determination CX-001627: Categorical Exclusion Determination
Drop Tests of 325 Pound 6M Specification Packages
Testing of 6M specification packages, performed in response to concerns over the integrity of the clamp-ring closure, showed that the clamp-ring was unable to retain the top in thirty foot drop tests of packages having the maximum allowed weight (290 kg or 640 lb). To determine if the clamp-ring closure was adequate for packages with lower contents weight, a series of tests were performed on packages weighing 147 kg (325 lb) at a range of impact angles. The results showed that the standard clamp-ring closure was unable to retain the top in tests of standard 6M packages weighing 147 kg (325 lb). A test employing a plywood disk enhanced closure with impact at 6.5 degrees retained its top successfully.
Zero Emission Bay Area (ZEBA) Fuel Cell Bus Demonstration: First...
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
hp horsepower HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning in. inches kg kilograms kW kilowatts lb pounds MBRC miles between roadcalls mpDGE miles per diesel gallon...
AVANCIS GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
search Name AVANCIS GmbH & Co KG Place Torgau, Germany Product Germany-based CIS PV cell manufacturer and subsidiary of Saint Gobain. References AVANCIS GmbH & Co KG1...
Windkraft Luhrs GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
Luhrs GmbH Co KG Jump to: navigation, search Name Windkraft Luhrs GmbH & Co KG Place Germany Sector Wind energy Product Germany-based, wind farm developer. References Windkraft...
Wallenborn Projektentwicklung GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
Wallenborn Projektentwicklung GmbH Co KG Wallenborn Projektentwicklung GmbH Co KG Jump to: navigation, search Name Wallenborn Projektentwicklung GmbH & Co. KG Place Klipphausen OT Lampersdorf, Germany Zip 1665 Sector Solar, Wind energy Product Wallenborn Projektentwicklung is a wind and solar project developer. References Wallenborn Projektentwicklung GmbH & Co. KG[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Wallenborn Projektentwicklung GmbH & Co. KG is a company located in Klipphausen OT Lampersdorf, Germany . References ↑ "Wallenborn Projektentwicklung GmbH & Co. KG" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Wallenborn_Projektentwicklung_GmbH_Co_KG&oldid=352915
Energy age wind ltd Co KG | Open Energy Information
age wind ltd Co KG age wind ltd Co KG Jump to: navigation, search Name energy-age-wind ltd & Co. KG Place Telgte, Germany Zip 48291 Sector Wind energy Product Energy-age-wind aims to develop small scale vertical-axis wind turbines. References energy-age-wind ltd & Co. KG[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. energy-age-wind ltd & Co. KG is a company located in Telgte, Germany . References ↑ "energy-age-wind ltd & Co. KG" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Energy_age_wind_ltd_Co_KG&oldid=344826" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations Companies Organizations Stubs What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version
Bernt Lorentz GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
Bernt Lorentz GmbH Co KG Bernt Lorentz GmbH Co KG Jump to: navigation, search Name Bernt Lorentz GmbH & Co KG Place Henstedt-Ulzburg, Germany Zip D-24558 Sector Solar Product German manufacturer of solar tracking devices, water pumps, and related electronic and hydraulic components. References Bernt Lorentz GmbH & Co KG[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Bernt Lorentz GmbH & Co KG is a company located in Henstedt-Ulzburg, Germany . References ↑ "Bernt Lorentz GmbH & Co KG" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Bernt_Lorentz_GmbH_Co_KG&oldid=342681" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations Companies Organizations Stubs What links here
Berger Lichttechnik GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
Berger Lichttechnik GmbH Co KG Berger Lichttechnik GmbH Co KG Jump to: navigation, search Name Berger Lichttechnik GmbH & Co KG Place Baierbrunn, Germany Zip D-82065 Sector Solar Product German manufacturer of solar simulators and measuring systems. References Berger Lichttechnik GmbH & Co KG[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Berger Lichttechnik GmbH & Co KG is a company located in Baierbrunn, Germany . References ↑ "Berger Lichttechnik GmbH & Co KG" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Berger_Lichttechnik_GmbH_Co_KG&oldid=342677" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations Companies Organizations Stubs What links here Related changes
Fuhrlander Pfleiderer GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
Pfleiderer GmbH Co KG Pfleiderer GmbH Co KG Jump to: navigation, search Name Fuhrlander-Pfleiderer GmbH & Co KG Place Germany Sector Wind energy Product Joint venture combining the wind power activities of Furhlander AG and Pfleiderer AG. References Fuhrlander-Pfleiderer GmbH & Co KG[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Fuhrlander-Pfleiderer GmbH & Co KG is a company located in Germany . References ↑ "[ Fuhrlander-Pfleiderer GmbH & Co KG]" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Fuhrlander_Pfleiderer_GmbH_Co_KG&oldid=345554" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations Companies Organizations Stubs What links here Related changes
Mann Naturenergie GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
Mann Naturenergie GmbH Co KG Mann Naturenergie GmbH Co KG Jump to: navigation, search Name Mann Naturenergie GmbH & Co.KG Place Langenbach/Ww, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany Zip 57520 Sector Biofuels, Renewable Energy Product Mann Naturenergie is engaged in renewable energy production and distribution. It offers biofuels like wood chips, wood briquettes or vegetable oil but also technical expertise. References Mann Naturenergie GmbH & Co.KG[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Mann Naturenergie GmbH & Co.KG is a company located in Langenbach/Ww, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany . References ↑ "Mann Naturenergie GmbH & Co.KG" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Mann_Naturenergie_GmbH_Co_KG&oldid=3486
U.S. Department of Energy Donates More Than 120,000 Pounds of Food to "Feds
Donates More Than 120,000 Pounds of Food Donates More Than 120,000 Pounds of Food to "Feds Feed Families" U.S. Department of Energy Donates More Than 120,000 Pounds of Food to "Feds Feed Families" September 29, 2010 - 12:00am Addthis WASHINGTON, D.C. - Energy Secretary Steven Chu today announced that U.S. Department of Energy employees and contractors collected and donated more than 120,000 pounds of food and supplies during the federal government's second annual "Feds Feed Families" campaign. The Department of Energy and various other agencies across the federal government had a goal of collecting 1.2 million pounds of food this summer. The Department's contribution of 120,014 pounds of food and supplies amounts to more than 10 percent of the overall goal set by the federal
Depar Depar tment of Energy | Office of Environmental Management For More Information on EM Recovery Act Work, Visit Us on the Web: http://www.em.doe.gov/emrecovery/ EM Recovery NEWS FLASH RECOVERY.GOV ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF November 9, 2011 Idaho Crews Overcome Challenges to Safely Dispose 1-Million-Pound Hot Cell IDAHO FALLS, Idaho - American Recovery and Reinvestment Act cleanup crews at the Idaho site recently disposed of a hot cell as heavy as nine fully loaded Boeing 737s. Unlike the aircrafts, the 1-million-pound concrete structure moved
SGL Rotec GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
Zip 27809 Sector Wind energy Product Germany-based manufacturer of rotor blades for wind turbines. References SGL Rotec GmbH & Co KG1 LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase...
Flabeg GmbH co KG | Open Energy Information
Germany Zip 90441 Sector Solar Product Glass finishing for automotive and solar industry, especially STEG. References Flabeg GmbH & co KG1 LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase...
CIS Solartechnik GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
Sector Solar Product The Norddeutsche Affinerie and the Cordes & Graefe KG formed a joint venture in order to develop the CIS solar cells. References CIS Solartechnik GmbH &...
Why should I recycle? The average American generates 4.5 pounds of waste daily.
Why should I recycle? The average American generates 4.5 pounds of waste daily. Instead of throwing throughout campus.These guidelines will help you recycle more and waste less. What's recyclable? · Mixed and plastic-coated papers · Tissue and paper towels · Paper or containers soiled by food or organic waste
Tsien, Roger Y.
Europartner Solar GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
Europartner Solar GmbH Co KG Europartner Solar GmbH Co KG Jump to: navigation, search Name Europartner-Solar GmbH & Co KG Place Wurzburg, Bavaria, Germany Zip 97074 Sector Solar Product Wurzburg-based solar equipment provider for PV systems. Coordinates 49.792775°, 9.936395° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":49.792775,"lon":9.936395,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
GEE Energy GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
GEE Energy GmbH Co KG GEE Energy GmbH Co KG Jump to: navigation, search Name GEE Energy GmbH & Co. KG Place Hamburg, Germany Zip 20459 Sector Biomass Product Biomass trader delivering wood pellets, wood and bark briquettes to Germany, Scandinavia, Austria, Italy and Switzerland. Coordinates 53.553345°, 9.992455° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":53.553345,"lon":9.992455,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Dark matter limits froma 15 kg windowless bubble chamber
The COUPP collaboration has successfully used bubble chambers, a technology previously applied only to high-energy physics experiments, as direct dark matter detectors. It has produced the world's most stringent spin-dependent WIMP limits, and increasingly competitive spin-independent limits. These limits were achieved by capitalizing on an intrinsic rejection of the gamma background that all other direct detection experiments must address through high-density shielding and empirically-determined data cuts. The history of COUPP, including its earliest prototypes and latest results, is briefly discussed in this thesis. The feasibility of a new, windowless bubble chamber concept simpler and more inexpensive in design is discussed here as well. The dark matter limits achieved with a 15 kg windowless chamber, larger than any previous COUPP chamber (2 kg, 4 kg), are presented. Evidence of the greater radiopurity of synthetic quartz compared to natural is presented using the data from this 15 kg device, the first chamber to be made from synthetic quartz. The effective reconstruction of the three-dimensional positions of bubbles in a highly distorted optical field, with ninety-degree bottom lighting similar to cloud chamber lighting, is demonstrated. Another innovation described in this thesis is the use of the sound produced by bubbles recorded by an array of piezoelectric sensors as the primary means of bubble detection. In other COUPP chambers, cameras have been used as the primary trigger. Previous work on bubble acoustic signature differentiation using piezos is built upon in order to further demonstrate the ability to discriminate between alpha- and neutron-induced events.
Szydagis, Matthew Mark; /Chicago U.
SSB Antriebstechnik GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
SSB Antriebstechnik GmbH Co KG SSB Antriebstechnik GmbH Co KG Jump to: navigation, search Name SSB-Antriebstechnik GmbH & Co KG Place Salzbergen, Germany Zip 48499 Sector Wind energy Product Salzbergen-based provider of pitch and control systems for wind turbines including motors, gearboxes, control and switchgear and their maintenance. Coordinates 52.323136°, 7.347278° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":52.323136,"lon":7.347278,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
RIO Energie GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
RIO Energie GmbH Co KG RIO Energie GmbH Co KG Jump to: navigation, search Name RIO Energie GmbH & Co KG Place Mainz, Germany Zip 55118 Sector Wind energy Product Subsidiary of the juwi group, Rio Energie develops and installs small and medium sized PV systems and wind projects. Coordinates 50.000605°, 8.2723° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":50.000605,"lon":8.2723,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Fichtner GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
Fichtner GmbH Co KG Fichtner GmbH Co KG Jump to: navigation, search Name Fichtner GmbH & Co KG Place Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany Zip 70191 Sector Solar Product Consulting engineering company, focusses on large scale projects in the infrastructure sector. Leading consultant for Solar Thermal Electricity Generation (STEG) projects. Coordinates 48.767675°, 9.171925° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":48.767675,"lon":9.171925,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Geek-Up: 350,000 Pounds of Paper, 30,000 Particle Beams and 14 Days in
Up: 350,000 Pounds of Paper, 30,000 Particle Beams and 14 Days Up: 350,000 Pounds of Paper, 30,000 Particle Beams and 14 Days in Flight Geek-Up: 350,000 Pounds of Paper, 30,000 Particle Beams and 14 Days in Flight July 30, 2010 - 5:00pm Addthis Elizabeth Meckes Elizabeth Meckes Director of User Experience & Digital Technologies, Office of Public Affairs Did you know that right now, across the globe, particle beams from some 30,000 accelerators are at work doing everything from diagnosing and treating disease to powering industrial processes? Me neither. Thankfully, the Office of High Energy Physics in the Office of Science has released a full report about how accelerators are shaping America's future. The Z Accelerator from Sandia National Lab Find out more by downloading the full report here. How do you keep 350,000 pounds of paper out of landfills, create jobs, and
Microsoft Word - S07409_2010_SER
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
meters (m) m 3.281 ft miles (mi) 1.609 kilometers (km) km 0.6214 mi pounds (lb) 0.454 kilograms (kg) kg 2.205 lb gallons 3.785 liters (L) L 0.2642 gallons square feet (ft 2 )...
Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)
... such as kilogram/m3, kg/cubic meter, kilogram/cubic meter, kg per m3, or kilogram per meter3. ... m = 5 kg but not: m = five kilograms or m = five kg ...
The effective Hamiltonian of the Pound-Overhauser controlled-NOT gate, submitted for publication
Abstract. In NMR-based quantum computing, it is known that the controlled-NOT gate can be implemented by applying a low-power, monochromatic radiofrequency field to one peak of a doublet in a weakly-coupled two-spin system. This is known in NMR spectroscopy as Pound-Overhauser double resonance. The �transition � Hamiltonian that has been associated with this procedure is however only an approximation, which ignores off-resonance effects and does not correctly predict the associated phase factors. In this paper, the exact effective Hamiltonian for evolution of the spins � state in a rotating frame is derived, both under irradiation of a single peak (on-transition) as well as between the peaks of the doublet (onresonance). The accuracy of these effective Hamiltonians is validated by comparing the observable product operator components of the density matrix obtained by simulation to those obtained by fitting the corresponding experiments. It is further shown that an on-resonance field yields a new implementation of the controlled-NOT gate up to phase factors, wherein the field converts the I A z state into the antiphase state 2IAx IBz, which is then converted into the desired two-spin order 2I A z IBz by a broadband ?/2 pulse selective for the A spin. In the on-transition case, it is explained that while a controlled-NOT gate is approximately obtained whenever the radio-frequency field power is low compared to the spin-spin coupling, at certain specific power levels an exact implementation is obtained up to phase factors. For both these implementations, the phase factors are derived exactly, enabling them to be corrected. In Appendices, the on-resonance Hamiltonian is analytically diagonalized, and proofs are given that, in the weak-coupling approximation, off-resonance effects can be neglected whenever the radio-frequency field power is small compared to the difference in resonance frequencies of the two spins.
David G Cory; Amy E Dunlop; Timothy F Havel; S Somaroo; Wurong Zhang
Wurth Solar GmbH Co KG Wuerth Solar | Open Energy Information
Wurth Solar GmbH Co KG Wuerth Solar Jump to: navigation, search Name Wurth Solar GmbH & Co KG (Wuerth Solar) Place Schwabisch Hall, Baden-Wrttemberg, Germany Zip D-74523 Sector...
Joint Solar Silicon GmbH Co KG JSSI | Open Energy Information
Silicon GmbH Co KG JSSI Jump to: navigation, search Name Joint Solar Silicon GmbH & Co KG (JSSI) Place Germany Sector Solar Product Joint venture between Degussa and SolarWorld for...
Green Energy Geotherm Power Fonds GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
Geotherm Power Fonds GmbH Co KG Geotherm Power Fonds GmbH Co KG Jump to: navigation, search Name Green Energy Geotherm Power Fonds GmbH & Co. KG Place Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany Zip 30559 Sector Geothermal energy Product German-based fund that will invest in geothermal projects to be developed by Green Energy Group. References Green Energy Geotherm Power Fonds GmbH & Co. KG[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Green Energy Geotherm Power Fonds GmbH & Co. KG is a company located in Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany . References ↑ "Green Energy Geotherm Power Fonds GmbH & Co. KG" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Green_Energy_Geotherm_Power_Fonds_GmbH_Co_KG&oldid=346014"
Deutsche Rotor und Turm Service GmbH Co KG DRTS | Open Energy Information
Rotor und Turm Service GmbH Co KG DRTS Rotor und Turm Service GmbH Co KG DRTS Jump to: navigation, search Name Deutsche Rotor und Turm Service GmbH & Co KG (DRTS) Place Bremen, Germany Zip 28239 Sector Wind energy Product Service company for wind turbine blades and towers. References Deutsche Rotor und Turm Service GmbH & Co KG (DRTS)[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Deutsche Rotor und Turm Service GmbH & Co KG (DRTS) is a company located in Bremen, Germany . References ↑ "Deutsche Rotor und Turm Service GmbH & Co KG (DRTS)" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Deutsche_Rotor_und_Turm_Service_GmbH_Co_KG_DRTS&oldid=344202" Categories:
Calculation of Shear Stress
...or: [MathEquation] where P is load in kilograms (pounds), and D is diameter in millimeters (inches)....
Kilogram Scale Synthesis of a Triazine-based Dendrimer and the Development of a General Strategy for the Installation of Pharmacophores to Yield Potential Drug Delivery Agents
Diverse dendrimer peripheries are often produced through convergent synthesis with multiple protection-deprotection steps. Achieving such diversity while maintaining monodispersity, has previously proven problematic. Interception of an electrophilic poly(monochlorotriazine) dendrimer with a molecule of interest bearing a reactive, nucleophilic group presents an efficient method to achieve large quantities of dendrimers with biologically relevant peripheries. Kilogram-scale synthesis of a triazine-based dendrimer relies on reaction of the dichlorotriazine monomer with the amine terminated dendrimer to afford a poly(monochlorotriazine) dendrimer. Normally, the dendrimer is then reacted with piperidine, an inexpensive �cap� due to its chemically inert nature after reaction. The dendrimer then undergoes a global deprotection to afford an amine-terminated dendrimer. Subsequent iterations with the dichlorotriazine monomer affords higher generation architectures. Intercepting the poly(monochlorotriazine) dendrimer with biologically relevant molecules containing reactive amines enables the development of a drug delivery vehicle. Desferrioxamine B, an iron chelate, and camptothecin, and anticancer drug, are two clinically approved drugs of interest investigated for macromolecular drug delivery. Upon acylation of each drug with BOC-isonipecotic acid, substitution on the dendrimer may occur with varying levels of success depending on the drug in question. Upon successful substitution to afford the desired product,biological studies may be performed. Each synthetic approach will be discussed along with alternative routes leading to this general strategy.
Venditto, Vincent J.
A solid state approach to the production of kilogram quantities of Si[sub 80]Ge[sub 20] thermoelectric alloys
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
An important consideration in the development of improved materials for thermal-to-electrical power generation is whether a research-scale process or methodology is amenable to production of kilogram quantities. Research efforts on the solid state technique of mechanical alloying have shown that both n- and p-type Si-20 at. % Ge alloys can be produced which have improved thermoelectric properties compared to state-of-the-art MOD-RTG materials. Studies on the production of large quantities of mechanically alloyed powder alloys using a planetary mill indicate that properties similar to those observed in alloys prepared in smaller quantities by a vibratory mill can be obtained. The characterization of several p-type alloys doped with 0.8 at. % B in the form SiB[sub 4] by X-ray diffraction, scanning laser mass spectroscopy, Hall effect, and high temperature electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient measurements are described. The transport properties of these alloys are shown to be comparable to those measured on similar samples prepared in small quantities by a research-grade vibratory mill.
Cook, B.A.; Harringa, J.L.; Beaudry, B.J.
Sonnen Solar Park GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
search Name Sonnen Solar Park GmbH & Co KG Place Germany Sector Solar Product 1.75MW solar PV park in Bavaria, developed by Voltwerk. References Sonnen Solar Park GmbH & Co...
Paradigma Energie und Umwelttechnik GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
Paradigma Energie und Umwelttechnik GmbH Co KG Paradigma Energie und Umwelttechnik GmbH Co KG Jump to: navigation, search Name Paradigma Energie- und Umwelttechnik GmbH & Co KG Place Karlsbad, Germany Zip 76307 Sector Solar Product A manufacturer of solar energy products and systems Coordinates 48.914742°, 8.506386° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":48.914742,"lon":8.506386,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Offshore Burger Windpark Butendiek GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
Burger Windpark Butendiek GmbH Co KG Burger Windpark Butendiek GmbH Co KG Jump to: navigation, search Name Offshore-Burger-Windpark Butendiek GmbH & Co KG Place Husum, Germany Zip 25813 Sector Wind energy Product Developing the 240MW Butendiek offshore wind farm. Coordinates 45.799479°, -121.486901° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":45.799479,"lon":-121.486901,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is a volatile organic com-pound (VOC) derived from natural gas that is added to gas-
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is a volatile organic com- pound (VOC) derived from natural gas Water in Urban and Agricultural Areas made from methanol, which is derived primarily from natural gas that is added to gas- oline either seasonally or year round in many parts of the United States to increase
KvH Projekt GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
KvH Projekt GmbH Co KG KvH Projekt GmbH Co KG Jump to: navigation, search Name KvH Projekt GmbH & Co KG Place Hamburg, Germany Zip D-20259 Sector Biomass, Solar, Wind energy Product Project developer in wind, solar, biomass and smart architecture. Coordinates 53.553345°, 9.992455° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":53.553345,"lon":9.992455,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
ABO Wind Biogas Sachsen Anhalt GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
ABO Wind Biogas Sachsen Anhalt GmbH Co KG ABO Wind Biogas Sachsen Anhalt GmbH Co KG Jump to: navigation, search Name ABO Wind Biogas Sachsen-Anhalt GmbH & Co. KG Place Wiesbaden, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany Zip 65193 Product Company set up to build and operate three biogas plants in Saxony-Anhalt Germany. Coordinates 50.084592°, 8.242302° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":50.084592,"lon":8.242302,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Umwelt Windrad GmbH Co KG UWR | Open Energy Information
Windrad GmbH Co KG UWR Windrad GmbH Co KG UWR Jump to: navigation, search Name Umwelt Windrad GmbH & Co KG (UWR) Place Rheine, Germany Zip 48431 Sector Wind energy Product Germany-based, subsidiary of Novera Energy owner of the Prutzke and Rohlsdorf windfarms in northern Germany. Coordinates 52.278749°, 7.434676° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":52.278749,"lon":7.434676,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Geothermie Unterhaching GmbH und Co KG | Open Energy Information
Unterhaching GmbH und Co KG Unterhaching GmbH und Co KG Jump to: navigation, search Name Geothermie Unterhaching GmbH und Co KG Place Unterhaching, Bavaria, Germany Zip 82008 Sector Geothermal energy Product The SPV was established by the municipal authority Unterhaching in order to carry out a geothermal project. Coordinates 48.066195°, 11.609048° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":48.066195,"lon":11.609048,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Characterization of BG28 and KG3 filter glass for Drive Diagnostic Attenuators
BG28 and KG3 filter glasses were tested for use as attenuators in the NIF drive diagnostic (DrD) systems. Tests were performed in the Optical Sciences Laser facility with a 351 nm, 2-step, 3-nsec pulse at fluences ranging up to {approx} 1 J/cm{sup 2}. Single-shot measurements showed no solarization when the samples were allowed to relax for a week after exposure. KG3 filters exhibited no luminescence and no transient pulse distortion. BG28 filters luminesced appreciably and imposed a 'droop' (similar to 'square-pulse distortion') on the signals. The droop parameter is estimated at 0.50 {+-} 0.11 cm{sup 2}/J. Droop is explained in terms of known copper-doped-glass spectroscopy and kinetics (buildup of triplet-state populations, with excited-state absorption). Simulation of the distortion ({approx}1.6%) expected on a 1.8 MJ Haan pulse led to a minor redesign of the Drive Diagnostic with reduced fluence on the BG28 filters to reduce the droop distortion to 0.5%.
Page, R H; Weiland, T; Folta, J
Pacific Northwest Site Office P.O. BOX 350, Kg-42
Pacific Northwest Site Office Pacific Northwest Site Office P.O. BOX 350, Kg-42 Richland, Washington 99352 JAN 1 8 2019 MEMORANDUM FOR SCOTT B. HARRIS, GENERAL COUNSEL OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL FROM: SUBJECT: GC- I , HQ JULIE K. ERlCKSON PACIFIC NORTHWEST SITE OFFICE 20 1 1 ANNUAL NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT (NEPA) PLANNING SUMMARY DOE 0 45 1.1B requires Secretarial Officers and Heads of Field Organizations to submit a Annual NEPA Planning Summary to the Office of General Counsel. We have consulted your December 8,201 0, memorandum, and guidance posted on the Office of NEPA Policy and Compliailce (GC-54) web site, and have no NEPA activities to report. If you have any questions, please contact me, or your staff may contact Theresa Aldridge, Operations Division, at (509) 372-4508, or Peter Siebach, Integrated Support Center - Chicago
SI Unit rules and style conventions checklist
... 3 , or kilogram per meter 3 . ... proper: m = 5 kg the current was 15 A improper: m = five kilograms m = five kg the current was 15 amperes ...
...cm centimeter cal calorie d day eV electron volt F farad ft foot g gram G gauss Gy gray GHz gigahertz h hour Hz hertz in. inch J joule K Kelvin kbar kilobar keV kiloelectron volt kg kilogram kHz kilohertz kPa kilopascal ksi kips (1000 lb) per square inch kV kilovolt kW kilowatt L liter lb pound m...
...terms of energy, i.e., foot-pounds, meter-kilograms, or meter-tons (Table 1). The practice of specifying
The TRIAXYS(tm) wave measurement buoy will weigh approximately 440 pounds (220 kilograms), including batteries. It will measure approximately 3 feet (0.9 meter) in diameter...
Proposed Rules Would Allow Metric Only Labeling for Some ...
... the FPLA to allow manufacturers to label their products with US customary units (inch/pound/pint, etc.) and metric units (centimeter/kilogram/liter, etc ...
The Influence of VIM Crucible Composition, Vacuum Arc Remelting ...
ing a weight of 23 kilograms. (50 pounds). The as-cast ingot surface was maintained on all ingots. VIM Ingot Cleanliness. Evaluation. The cleanliness evaluation.
First Dark Matter Search Results from a 4-kg CF$_3$I Bubble Chamber Operated in a Deep Underground Site
New data are reported from the operation of a 4.0 kg CF{sub 3}I bubble chamber in the 6800 foot deep SNOLAB underground laboratory. The effectiveness of ultrasound analysis in discriminating alpha decay background events from single nuclear recoils has been confirmed, with a lower bound of >99.3% rejection of alpha decay events. Twenty single nuclear recoil event candidates and three multiple bubble events were observed during a total exposure of 553 kg-days distributed over three different bubble nucleation thresholds. The effective exposure for single bubble recoil-like events was 437.4 kg-days. A neutron background internal to the apparatus, of known origin, is estimated to account for five single nuclear recoil events and is consistent with the observed rate of multiple bubble events. This observation provides world best direct detection constraints on WIMP-proton spin-dependent scattering for WIMP masses >20 GeV/c{sup 2} and demonstrates significant sensitivity for spin-independent interactions.
Behnke, E.; /Indiana U., South Bend; Behnke, J.; /Indiana U., South Bend; Brice, S.J.; /Fermilab; Broemmelsiek, D.; /Fermilab; Collar, J.I.; /Chicago U., EFI; Conner, A.; /Indiana U., South Bend; Cooper, P.S.; /Fermilab; Crisler, M.; /Fermilab; Dahl, C.E.; /Chicago U., EFI; Fustin, D.; /Chicago U., EFI; Grace, E.; /Indiana U., South Bend /Fermilab
Property:FirstWellFlowRate | Open Energy Information
Property Property Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Property:FirstWellFlowRate Jump to: navigation, search Property Name FirstWellFlowRate Property Type Quantity Use this type to express a quantity of flow rate by mass. The default unit is kilogram per second (kg/s). Acceptable units (and their conversions) are: Kilogram per second - 1 kg/s,kilogram per second Kilogram per minute - 60 kg/min,kilogram per minute Kilogram per hour - 3600 kg/hour,kilogram per hour,kg/h Kilogram per day - 86400 kg/day,kilogram per day Liter per second - 1.0000000001 L/s,l/s,liters per second,l/sec,L/sec,liters/sec,Liters/sec Gallon per minute - 15.85032 gal/min,gallons per minute,gpm,gallons/min,Gallons/min Barrel per minute - 0.00839 bar/min,barrels per minute,barrel/min,barrels/min,Barrels/min
... 56, rad, radian. 57, kg/m�, kilogram per cubic meter. 58, g/cm�, grams per cubic centimeter. 59, kg/L, kilograms per liter. 60, m/s, meters per second. ...
Word Pro - Untitled1
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
85 85 a Exact conversion. b Calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Techni- cal Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices, NIST Handbook 44, 1994 Edition (Washington, DC, October 1993), pp. B-10, C-17 and C-21. cubic feet (ft 3 ) 128 a = 1 cord (cd) shorts tons 1.25 b = 1 cord (cd) Wood kilograms (kg) 1,000 a = 1 metric ton (t) pounds (lb) 2,240 a = 1 long ton pounds (lb) 2,000 a = 1 short ton Coal U.S. gallons (gal) 42 a = 1 barrel (bbl) Petroleum alent in Final Units Equiv Original Unit Energy Source
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
5 5 a Exact conversion. b Calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#appendices. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Techni- cal Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices, NIST Handbook 44, 1994 Edition (Washington, DC, October 1993), pp. B-10, C-17 and C-21. cubic feet (ft 3 ) 128 a = 1 cord (cd) shorts tons 1.25 b = 1 cord (cd) Wood kilograms (kg) 1,000 a = 1 metric ton (t) pounds (lb) 2,240 a = 1 long ton pounds (lb) 2,000 a = 1 short ton Coal U.S. gallons (gal) 42 a = 1 barrel (bbl) Petroleum alent in Final Units Equiv
78. Domestic Refinery Distillation Base Capacity, Expansion, and Utilization (1 of 1) 78. Domestic Refinery Distillation Base Capacity, Expansion, and Utilization (1 of 1) (Million of Barrels per Day) 1998- 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2020 PAD District I Base Capacity 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 0.3% Capacity Additions 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 -1.4% Total Capacity 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 0.2% Utilization 94.0 92.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 0.0% PAD Districts II to IV Base Capacity 11.3 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.6 0.1% Capacity Additions
Detection of chlorine with concentration of 0.18 kg/m{sup 3} in concrete by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
The chlorine concentration in concrete samples was measured by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). One or two pulsed second harmonic Nd:YAG lasers ({lambda}=532 nm) were used for the generation of laser-induced breakdown, and an intensified CCD camera, spectrometer, and optical bundle fiber were used for spectral measurement. To maximize the spectral intensity of the chlorine fluorescence line at a wavelength of 837.59 nm, the time delay between laser irradiation and spectral measurement, the time delay between the two laser pulses in double-pulse measurement, and the gate width of the spectral measurement were optimized. The linear relationship between the spectral intensity of the chlorine fluorescence line and the chlorine concentration was verified for pressed samples with chlorine concentrations from 0.18 to 5.4 kg/m{sup 3}. The signal-to-noise ratio was higher than 2 for the sample with a chlorine concentration of 0.18 kg/m{sup 3} (0.008 wt. %). Thus, a chlorine concentration of 0.6 kg/m{sup 3}, at which the reinforcing bars in concrete structures start to corrode, can be detected. These results show that LIBS is effective for the quantitative measurement of chlorine concentration in concrete with high sensitivity.
Sugiyama, K.; Fujii, T.; Matsumura, T.; Shiogama, Y.; Yamaguchi, M.; Nemoto, K.
EA-1123: Transfer of Normal and Low-Enriched Uranium Billets to the United Kingdom, Hanford Site, Richland, Washington
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
This EA evaluates the environmental impacts of the proposal to transfer approximately 710,000 kilograms (1,562,000 pounds) of unneeded normal and low-enriched uranium to the United Kingdom; thus,...
Microsoft Word - B5D7DEEC.doc
Three types of 19 percent aqueous NH 3 spills were simulated: a 400-pound (181-kilograms) leak from a valve, an uncontained 23.1-ton (21-metric ton) (6,000-gallon...
It's Elemental - The Element Uranium
into uranium-233, also through beta decay. If completely fissioned, one pound (0.45 kilograms) of uranium-233 will provide the same amount of energy as burning 1,500 tons...
Page not found | Department of Energy
evaluates the environmental impacts of the proposal to transfer approximately 710,000 kilograms (1,562,000 pounds) of unneeded normal and low-enriched uranium to the United...
Preliminary Hazards Analyses to Identify Bounding Accidents for...
of their occurrence. 1 The current design includes enough storage capacity for 250 kilograms of hydrogen. Storage pressures vary from 3,500 to 15,000 pounds per square inch...
FACT SHEET U.S. Department of Energy
altitude: 25,000 feet (7.5 kilometers) * Maximum gross weight: 36,000 pounds (16,330 kilograms) * Endurance with typical payload fuel: 4 hours * Crew capacity: 2 pilots, 1-4...
BNL Guest, User and Visitor Center | Shipping to Brookhaven
(transport package) with a gross weight equal to or greater than 400 pounds (180 kilograms) must be marked with the center of gravity and gross weight on at least one side, or...
Convoy Returns World Trade Center Steel to New York City
... The tractor trailers, each carrying between 10,000 and 30,000 pounds (approximately 4,500 to 13,600 kilograms) of steel, traveled with a police ...
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Underground Search for...
is a thin-walled cylinder made of extremely pure copper. It is full of about 200 kilograms (about 440 pounds) of liquid xenon and buried 2,150 feet deep at the DOE's Waste...
EA-1123: Transfer of Normal and Low-Enriched Uranium Billets...
60Optimization Satellites are
pound = 0.453 kilograms) Space Math http://spacemath.gsfc.nasa.gov #12;Answer Key Problem 1 panels to generate electricity using solar cells. Instead, the solar cells have to be mounted
Electric vehicle propulsion batteries: design and cost study for nickel/zinc battery manufacture. Task A. [25 kWh, 700 pounds, 245 Ah at 100+ V, 4. 77 ft/sup 3/
For satisfying the 25-kWh energy requirement necessary for vehicle propulsion, a 700-pound nickel--zinc battery was configured. Containing 64 individual cells, the unit was selected for minimum weight from computed packaging possibilities. Unit volume was projected to be 4.77 cubic feet. Capacity of the cells delivering 100+ volts was set at 245 ampere-hours. Selection was made primarily because of the compatibility with expressed vehicle requirements of a lower-current system. Manufacturing costs were computed for a unit using sintered positive electrodes at $86/kWh, pilot plant rate, and $78/kWh, production plant rate. Based on a lower than anticipated cost differential between sintered and nonsintered positive electrodes and certain other performance differences, the sintered electrode was chosen for the battery design. Capital expenditures for a production rate of 10,000 batteries per year are estimated to be $2,316,500. Capital expenditure for demonstrating production rates in a pilot plant facility is approximately $280,000, with the use of some shared available equipment. 29 figures, 9 tables.
SpaceX-D Manifest USOS (U.S. On-Orbit Segment) Cargo
range from microbial growth to water purification in microgravity · Ice bricks For cooling and transfer flights Computers and supplies 22 pounds (10 kilograms) · Laptop, batteries, power supply cables Total kilograms) · "Plant Signaling" hardware (16 Experiment Unique Equipment Assemblies) · Plant Signaling seek
The Kilogram and Measurements of Mass and Force
... that the mass of the check standard does not change from ... of the density of moist air (1981/91), Metrologia ... [12] RD Deslattes, Proceedings of course ...
133Ba as a gamma-ray surrogate source for 1kg HEU and 10g 239Pu and 252Cf as a Neutron Surrogate for Pu
Monte Carlo was performed for the purpose of relating gamma-ray signal strength from 1kg of HEU and 10g of {sup 239}Pu (as described in the ASTM standards) to the radiation emitted from an amount of {sup 133}Ba. A determination was made on the amount of {sup 133}Ba that could act as a surrogate for the specified amounts of HEU and Pu. {sup 133}Ba is not the ideal source to use as a surrogate for HEU because of its higher energies. {sup 133}Ba was chosen as the surrogate since it has a half-life of 10.54 years, rather then the more ideal surrogate of {sup 57}Co which has a half-life of 271 days. A similar Monte Carlo was performed for the purpose of relating neutron signal strength from 200g of Pu (as described in the ASTM standards) to the radiation emitted from an amount of shielded {sup 252}Cf. A determination was made on the amount of {sup 252}Cf necessary to act as a surrogate for the 200g of Pu. An ASTM standard source is a metallic sphere, cube, or right cylinder of SNM having maximum self-attenuation of its emitted radiation. For plutonium, the source should be at least 93% {sup 239}Pu, less than 6.5% {sup 240}Pu, and less than 0.5% impurities. A cadmium filter of at least 0.08cm thick should be used to reduce the impact of {sup 241}Am. For uranium, the source should contain at least 95% {sup 235}U and less than 0.25% impurities. For neutron detector testing, the neutron source shall be placed in a lead shielding container that reduces the gamma radiation from the source to 1% of its unshielded value.
Pohl, B A; Archer, D E
Abundance, Distribution and Estimated Consumption (kg fish) of Piscivorous Birds Along the Yakima River, Washington State; Implications for Fisheries Management, 2002 Annual Report.
This report is divided into two chapters. The abstract for chapter one is--Understanding of the abundance and spatial and temporal distributions of piscivorous birds and their potential consumption of fish is an increasingly important aspect of fisheries management. During 1999-2002, we determined the abundance and distribution and estimated the maximum consumption (kg biomass) of fish-eating birds along the length of the Yakima River in Washington State. Sixteen different species were observed during the 4-yr study, but only half of those were observed during all years. Abundance and estimated consumption of fish within the upper and middle sections of the river were dominated by common mergansers (Mergus merganser) which are known to breed in those reaches. Common mergansers accounted for 78 to 94% of the estimated total fish take for the upper river or approximately 28,383 {+-} 1,041 kg over the 4 yrs. A greater diversity of avian piscivores occurred in the lower river and potential impacts to fish populations was more evenly distributed among the species. In 1999-2000, great blue herons potentially accounted for 29 and 36% of the fish consumed, whereas in 2001-2002 American white pelicans accounted for 53 and 55%. We estimated that approximately 75,878 {+-} 6,616 kg of fish were consumed by piscivorous birds in the lower sections of the river during the study. Bird assemblages differed spatially along the river with a greater abundance of colonial nesting species within the lower sections of the river, especially during spring and the nesting season. The abundance of avian piscivores and consumption estimates are discussed within the context of salmonid supplementation efforts on the river and juvenile out-migration. The abstract for chapter two is--Consumption of fish by piscivorous birds may be a significant constraint on efforts to enhance salmonid populations within tributaries to the Columbia River in Washington State. During 1999-2002, we determined the abundance of fish-eating birds, primarily ring-billed (Larus delawarensis) and California (L. californicus) gulls and monitored their behavior at two man-made structures within the Yakima River in eastern Washington: Horn Rapids Dam, a low-head irrigation dam, and the return pipe for the Chandler Juvenile Fish Handling Facility. Earlier observations of congregations of gulls at these structures suggested an increased likelihood of predation of out-migrating juvenile salmonids. We estimated the number of fish consumed and examined the relationship between river flow and gull numbers and fish taken. Numbers of gulls at the structures varied daily between their arrival in Late March-early April and departure in late June (mean ({+-}SE) - Horn Rapids: 11.7 ({+-}2.0), Chandler: 20.1 ({+-}1.5) ). During the 4-yr study, numbers at Horn Rapids peaked dramatically during the last 2 weeks in May (between 132.9 ({+-}4.2) to 36.6 ({+-}2.2) gulls/day) and appeared to the associated with the release of > 1-mil hatchery juvenile fall chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) above the 2 study sites. A comparable peak in gull abundance was not observed at Chandler. Diurnal patterns of gull abundance also varied among years and sites. The relationship between foraging efficiency and gull numbers was not consistent among years or sites. Gull numbers were not correlated with river flow when year was considered. However, variations in flow among years appeared to be associated with average gull numbers at each site, but trends were not consistent between sites. Low seasonal flows were associated with increased predation at Chandler, whereas high seasonal flows were associated with increased predation at Horn Rapids. Assuming all fish taken were salmonids, we estimate gulls consumed between 0.1-10.3 % of the juvenile salmonids passing or being released from the Chandler Juvenile Fish Monitoring Facility located above the two structures. Staggered releases of hatchery fish, nocturnal releases of fish entrained in the Chandler facility, changes in the orientation of the outflow from the f
Major, III, Walter; Grassley, James M.; Ryding, Kristen E. (University of Washington, Quantitive Ecology Program, Seattle, WA)
Form WAMRF-008
... The International System of Units (SI) for mass is the kilogram (kg) (see Conversion Factors on page 3). The report number for this report is the only ...
What are the exact relative masses of...
to one another, it doesn't tell you what the actual masses of these particles are. In kilograms, the masses are: Neutron 1.6749286*10-27 kg Proton 1.6726231*10-27 kg Electron ...
Emergency Operations donates more than 357 pounds of food | National...
Our Mission Managing the Stockpile Preventing Proliferation Powering the Nuclear Navy Emergency Response Recapitalizing Our Infrastructure Continuing Management Reform Countering...
Event or Meeting Title
... Page 22. Representation Root Causes 22 Kilogram Kilogram per Sq Kilograms per D Kilograms per Cu Kilograms per Un Kilograms per Mi ...
Performance oriented packaging testing of nine Mk 3 Mod 0 signal containers in PPP-B-621 wood box for packing group II solid hazardous materials. Final report
A PPP-B-621 wood box containing nine Mk 3 Mod 0 Signal containers was tested for conformance to Performance Oriented Packaging criteria established by Code of Federal Regulations Title 49 CFR. The container was tested with a gross weight of 123.3 pounds (56 kilograms) and met all requirements.
Libbert, K.J.
Electron-beam processing of kilogram quantities of iridium for radioisotope thermoelectric generator applications
Iridium alloys are used as fuel-cladding materials in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs). Hardware produced at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been used in Voyagers I and 2, Galilee, and Ulysses spacecraft. An integral part of the production of iridium-sheet metal involves electron-beam (EB) processing. These processes include the degassing of powder-pressed compacts followed by multiple meltings in order to purify 500-g buttons of Ir-0.3% W alloy. Starting in 1972 and continuing into 1992, our laboratory EB processing was Performed (ca. 1970) in a 60-kW (20 kV at 3 A), two-gun system. In 1991, a new 150-kW EB gun facility was installed to complement the older unit. This paper describes how the newly installed system was qualified for production of RTG developmental work is discussed that will potentially improve the existing process by utilizing the capabilities of the new EB system.
Huxford, T.J.; Ohriner, E.K.
Stabilization and solidification of chromium-contaminated soil
Chromium-contaminated soil is a common environmental problem in the United States as a result of numerous industrial processes involving chromium. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is the species of most concern because of its toxicity and mobility in groundwater. One method of diminishing the environmental impact of chromium is to reduce it to a trivalent oxidation state [Cr(III)], in which it is relatively insoluble and nontoxic. This study investigated a stabilization and solidification process to minimize the chromium concentration in the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) extract and to produce a solidified waste form with a compressive strength in the range of 150 to 300 pounds per square inch (psi). To minimize the chromium in the TCLP extract, the chromium had to be reduced to the trivalent oxidation state. The average used in this study was an alluvium contaminated with chromic and sulfuric acid solutions. The chromium concentration in the in the in situ soil was 1212 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) total chromium and 275 mg/kg Cr(VI). The effectiveness of iron, ferrous sulfate to reduce Cr(VI) was tested in batch experiments.
Cherne, C.A.; Thomson, B.M. [Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States). Civil Engineering Dept.; Conway, R. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Zero-Emission Vehicle Scenario Cost Analysis Using A Fuzzy Set-Based Framework
cells decreases (and the cost per kWh increases). If vehiclebetween NiMH battery cost per kWh (and per kilogram (kg))meter, and a variable, per kWh cost. SCE has two different
Lipman, Timothy Edward
Glossary | Building Energy Codes Program
K Kelvin. kg Kilogram. Kilovolt-Ampere (KVA) Where the term "kilovolt-ampere" (KVA) is used, it is the product of the line current (amperes) times the nominal system voltage...
Table of Contents
... Agency g gram K Kelvin temperature scale kg kilogram kJ kiloJoule kPa kiloPascal kW kilowatt LH2 liquid hydrogen LNG liquefied natural gas m ...
32kg: performance systems for a post-digital age
Why is a seemingly mundane issue such as airline baggage allowance of great significance in regards to the performance practice of electronic music? This paper discusses how a performance practice has evolved that seeks to question the binary and corporate ... Keywords: DIY, bastardisation, dirty electronics, eBay, live electronics, modular, performance, portability, post-digital, punktronics
John Richards
K.G. Duleep Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc.
. motor fuel tax exemption for hydrogen, and 50% cost-sharing for regional infrastructure Consumer with gasoline. All three subsidies and ZEV mandate needed. #12;Strategies for Phase 2 FCV subsidy policy could purchase tax credit Guaranteed trade in value? Government fleet buy-down continues #12;Policies
MT Energie GmbH Co KG | Open Energy Information
Saxony, Germany Zip 27404 Sector Services Product MT-Energie provides both turn-key biogas plants and related components and services. Coordinates 53.295765, 9.27964 Loading...
Lithium/selenium secondary battery for implantation. Annual technical progress report No. 1, 23 June 1969--22 June 1970. [10 W, 120 Wh, 1. 1 kg, LiF--LiCl--LiI + LiAlO/sub 2/ electrolyte
A lithium/selenium battery is being developed as an implantable power source for an artificial heart or heart-assist device. Tests of 7.5-cm dia single cells operating at about 370C with a paste electrolyte consisting of LiF--LiCl--LiI and LiAlO/sub 2/ powder yielded energy densities exceeding 0.76 Wh/cm/sup 2/ at an average voltage above 1.7 V. This performance is sufficient to permit the construction of a 10-W, 120-Wh battery weighing about 1.1 kg. An unsealed battery test demonstrated that a battery of five 7.5-cm dia lithium/selenium cells will be capable of at least 12 W of power. In addition, a sealed lithium/selenium battery was operated in an air environment, and was found to be relatively insensitive to motion as well as orientation. Further work is needed on the development of sealed cells and batteries, on increasing the battery power level to 30 W, and on increased cell life.
Cairs, F.J.; Chilenskas, A.A.; Shimotake, H.; Steunenbert, R.K.; Tevebaugh, A.D.
2011 SURF Summer Seminars and Tours
... July 7 The Electronic Kilogram and the Planck Constant and The Next Generation E-Kilogram The Electronic Kilogram ...
Hydrogen Electrochemical Energy Storage Device
very high energy density of approximately 30,000 Watt-hour per kilogram (Wh/kg). Comparatively, state of the art Li-Ion batteries have energy densities of about 400 Wh/kg. While hydrogen fuel cells have been heavily investigated as an alternative ...
From Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) to cell phones our high-tech world, today, is demanding smaller, lighter weight and higher capacity portable power devices. Nowhere has this personal power surge been more evident than in today's U.S Warfighter. The modern Warfighter is estimated to carry from 65 to 95 pounds of supplies in the field with over 30 pounds of this dedicated to portable power devices. These devices include computer displays, infrared sights, Global Positioning Systems (GPS), night vision and a variety of other sensor technologies. Over 80% of the energy needed to power these devices comes from primary (disposable) batteries. It is estimated that a brigade will consume as much as 7 tons of batteries in a 72 hour mission at a cost of $700,000. A recent comprehensive study on the energy needs of the future warrior published by the National Academy of Science in 2004 made a variety of recommendations for average power systems from 20 to 1,000 watts. For lower power systems recommendations included pursuing science and technology initiatives focused on: (1) 300 watt-hours per kilogram (Wh/kg) secondary battery technologies; (2) smart hybrids; and (3) fuel cells (with greater than 6 wt% hydrogen storage). Improved secondary (rechargeable) batteries may be the ideal solution for military power systems due to their ease of use and public acceptance. However, a 3X improvement in their specific energy density is not likely anytime soon. Today's Lithium Ion batteries, at about 150 Wh/kg, fall well short of the energy density that is required. Future battery technology may not be the answer since many experts do not predict more than a 2X improvement in Lithium battery systems over the next 10 years. That is why most auto companies have abandoned all electric vehicles in favor of fuel cells and hybrid vehicles. Fuel cells have very high specific energy densities but achieving high energy values will depend on the energy density and the storage method of its fuel. Improved methods of safely and efficiently storing larger amounts of hydrogen will be a key development area for portable fuel cell power systems. Despite their high potential energy, fuel cells exhibit low power densities. That is why many systems today are going hybrid. Hybrid systems typically combine low energy and high power components with high energy and low power components. Typical configurations include capacitors and fuel cells or batteries and fuel cells. If done correctly, a hybrid system often can have both high energy and high power density even higher than any of the individual components.
Motyka, T.
KCP installs steel cable mesh that can stop a 20 pound item traveling...
item traveling 240 mph Posted By Office of Public Affairs Construction of the Kansas City Plant at the new National Security Campus has included some unique building...
Table 4.10 Uranium Reserves, 2008 (Million Pounds Uranium Oxide)
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
money. The forward costs used to estimate U.S. uranium ore reserves are independent of the price at which uranium produced from the estimated reserves might be sold ...
Environmental Protection Agency 61.220 (iii) The quantity (in pounds) of phos-
for the phosphogypsum; (vi) A copy of each certification doc- ument which accompanied the phos- phogypsum at the time or transfer of phosphogypsum to a person other than an agricultural end- user, the distributor, retailer information: (1) The name and address of the per- son in charge of the activity involving use of phosphogypsum
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
designers and product engineers to identify design weaknesses and failure modes before production. The new National Security Campus will be move-in ready by January 2013. Nearly...
Control of Solidification Structure in VAR and ESR Processed Alloy ...
e.g., hot-topping ..... hot tops. The advantages and disadvantages of orous ceramic filters in the VIM tundish have ..... load cell, which is about 0.45 Kg (1 pound).
CX-000925: Categorical Exclusion Determination | Department of Energy
25: Categorical Exclusion Determination 25: Categorical Exclusion Determination CX-000925: Categorical Exclusion Determination Sustainable Hydrogen Fueling Station, California State University, Los Angeles CX(s) Applied: B5.1 Date: 02/23/2010 Location(s): Los Angeles, California Office(s): Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Golden Field Office California State University, Los Angeles will use Congressionally Directed Funding through Department of Energy to install a hydrogen fueling station. The unit will dispense gaseous hydrogen at 5,000 psi (pounds per square inch) and 10,000 psi with a storage capacity of 60 kilograms. The station will be capable of refueling approximately fifteen vehicles per day at approximately 4 kilograms of hydrogen per vehicle. DOCUMENT(S) AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD CX-000925.pdf
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Manufacturing Overview
..............................................................................17 Figure 18: Truck Featuring a Delphi SOFC APU Solutions SOFC Solid oxide fuel cell kg Kilogram TGC The Gas Company km/h Kilometer per hour UAV Unmanned fuel cells (SOFC) for residential use. In South Korea, a new government program is supporting up to 80
systems, Research, Traffic engineering, Crash Reduction Factors 18. Distribution Statement Copies.454 kilograms kg TEMPERATURE (exact) T short tons (2000 lb) 0.907 megagrams Mg °C Celsius temperature 1.8 + 32................................................................18 3.1.6 Add two-way left-turn lane
Bertini, Robert L.
FOR THE TRANSFER OF THE KANSAS CITY PLANT, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration May 2013 DOE/EA-1947 CONVERSION FACTORS Metric to English English to Metric Multiply by To get Multiply by To get Area Square kilometers 247.1 Acres Square kilometers 0.3861 Square miles Square meters 10.764 Square feet Concentration Kilograms/sq. meter 0.16667 Tons/acre Milligrams/liter 1 a Parts/million Micrograms/liter 1 a Parts/billion Micrograms/cu. meter 1 a Parts/trillion Density Grams/cu. centimeter 62.428 Pounds/cu. ft. Grams/cu. meter 0.0000624 Pounds/cu. ft. Length Centimeters 0.3937 Inches Meters 3.2808 Feet Micrometers 0.00003937 Inches Millimeters 0.03937 Inches Kilometers 0.62137 Miles
What's so cool about Curiosity
What's so cool about Curiosity? What's so cool about Curiosity? Curiosity, the Mars Science Laboratory, is the largest and most complicated device we have ever landed on a planet other than Earth. About the size of a small SUV -- ten feet long (not including the arm), nine feet wide and seven feet tall 900 kilograms (2,000 pounds) (Spirit and Opportunity, earlier research vehicles sent to Mars were 384 pounds) Uses aerobraking, parachute, retro rockets and skycrane concepts to land gently (Spirit and Opportunity used aerobraking, parachutes and airbags that bounced them to the surface) Curiosity carries three instruments from Los Alamos National Laboratory. The Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator supplies electricity and heat to the rover
Elevated Hydrogen Management for Three Mile Island Unit 1
The Chemistry, Fuel Reliability and Material Reliability Programs at the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) have developed a comprehensive Elevated Reactor Coolant System (RCS) Hydrogen Program that is focused on qualification of plant operation with dissolved hydrogen concentration in the RCS greater than 50 standard cubic centimeters per kilogram (scc/kg) and up to 60 scc/kg to mitigate primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) in nickel-based alloys. Currently, the industry-wide RCS upper ...
Energy savings can be communicated in terms of kilowatt hours (energy), carbon (climate change) or pounds (cost).
AIM Energy savings can be communicated in terms of kilowatt hours (energy), carbon (climate change for saving energy and impact subsequent perceptions and behaviour. A particular focus here is behaviour beyond immediate energy consumption behaviour, i.e., more general environmental behaviours. SOCIAL VALUES
McAuley, Derek
Environment - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) - U.S. Energy
environment environment Carbon Dioxide Emissions Coefficients Release Date: February 14, 2013 | Also available in spreadsheet Carbon Dioxide Emissions Coefficients by Fuel Pounds CO2 Kilograms CO2 Pounds CO2 Kilograms CO2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Factors: Per Unit of Volume or Mass Per Unit of Volume or Mass Per Million Btu Per Million Btu For homes and businesses Propane 12.7/gallon 5.8/gallon 139.0 63.1 Butane 14.8/gallon 6.7/gallon 143.2 65.0 Butane/Propane Mix 13.7/gallon 6.2/gallon 141.1 64.0 Home Heating and Diesel Fuel 22.4/gallon 10.2/gallon 161.3 73.2 Kerosene 21.5/gallon 9.8/gallon 159.4 72.3 Coal (All types) 4,631.5/short ton 2,100.8/short ton 210.2 95.3 Natural Gas 117.1/thousand cubic feet 53.1/thousand cubic feet 117.0 53.1
Mass and Force Group
... the � Highlights. US National Prototype Kilogram. (� Robert Rathe). The picture is of the US National Prototype Kilogram. It ...
NIST Image Gallery: Image Details
... Title: Metrology, Basic Units; Mass; Kilogram (blue). ... MEL, mass measurements, kilogram, SI, metric system, measurement artifact, weight,. ...
126.96.36.199.1. General matrix solutions to calibration designs
... process at NIST. In this example, two NIST kilograms are compared with a customer's unknown kilogram. The design matrix ...
Overview of Depleted Uranium Hexafluoride Management Program
DOE's DUF DOE's DUF 6 Cylinder Inventory a Location Number of Cylinders DUF 6 (MT) b Paducah, Kentucky 36,910 450,000 Portsmouth, Ohio 16,041 198,000 Oak Ridge (ETTP), Tennessee 4,683 56,000 Total 57,634 704,000 a The DOE inventory includes DUF 6 generated by the government, as well as DUF 6 transferred from U.S. Enrichment Corporation pursuant to two memoranda of agreement. b A metric ton (MT) is equal to 1,000 kilograms, or 2,200 pounds. Overview of Depleted Uranium Hexafluoride Management Program Over the last four decades, large quantities of uranium were processed by gaseous diffusion to produce enriched uranium for U.S. national defense and civilian purposes. The gaseous diffusion process uses uranium in the form of uranium hexafluoride (UF 6 ), primarily because UF 6 can conveniently be used in
Generic Assessment for Optimized Reactor Coolant System Hydrogen of a Four-loop Westinghouse Pressurized Water Reactor
The Chemistry, Fuel Reliability, and Material Reliability Programs at the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) have developed a comprehensive elevated reactor coolant system (RCS) hydrogen program that is focused on qualification of plant operation with dissolved hydrogen concentration in the RCS greater than 50 standard cubic centimeters per kilogram (scc/kg) (1.38 in.3/lbm), up to 60 scc/kg (1.66 in.3/lbm), to mitigate primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) in nickel-based alloys. Currentl...
Overview of Requirements for Using Overweight Vehicles to Ship Spent Nuclear Fuel
The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Final Environmental Impact Statement for a Geologic Repository for the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste at Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada, considered a range of options for transportation. In evaluating the impacts of the mostly-legal weight truck scenario, DOE assumed that some shipments would use overweight trucks. The use of overweight trucks is also considered in the Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for a Geologic Repository for the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste at Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada, issued for public comment in Fall 2007. With the exception of permit requirements and operating restrictions, the vehicles for overweight shipments would be similar to legal-weight truck shipments but might weigh as much as 52,200 kilograms (115,000 pounds). The use of overweight trucks was determined to be acceptable for the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) Program because the payload is not divisible and the packaging alone may make shipments overweight. Overweight truck shipments are common, and states routinely issue overweight permits, some for vehicles with a gross vehicle weight up to 58,500 kilograms (129,000 pounds). This paper will present an overview of state overweight truck permitting policies and national and regional approaches to promote safety and uniformity. In conclusion: Overweight truck shipments are made routinely by carriers throughout the country. State permits are obtained by the carriers or by companies that provide permitting services to the carriers. While varying state permit restrictions may add complexity to OCRWM's planning activities, the well-established experience of commercial carriers and efforts to bring uniformity to the permitting process should allow the overweight shipment of SNF to be a viable option. (authors)
Thrower, A.W. [U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, Washington, DC (United States); Offner, J. [Booz Allen Hamilton, Washington, DC (United States); Bolton, P. [Booz Allen Hamilton, Santa Fe, NM (United States)
International Energy Statistics - Units Close Window Energy Equivalent Conversions Million Btu (British thermal units) Giga (10^9) Joules TOE (Metric Tons of Oil Equivalent) TCE (Metric Tons of Coal Equivalent) Million Btu (British thermal units) 1.00000 0.94782 39.68320 27.77824 Giga (10^9) Joules 1.05506 1.00000 41.86800 29.30760 TOE (Metric Tons of Oil Equivalent) 0.02520 0.02388 1.00000 0.70000 TCE (Metric Tons of Coal Equivalent) 0.03600 0.03412 1.42857 1.00000 Mass Equivalent Conversions Short Tons Kilograms Metric Tons Long Tons Pounds Short Tons 1.00000 0.00110 1.10231 1.12000 0.00050 Kilograms 907.18470 1.00000 1000.00000 1016.04700 0.45359 Metric Tons 0.90718 0.00100 1.00000 1.01605 0.00045 Long Tons 0.89286 0.00098 0.98421 1.00000
... kilogram(s), drugs use, drugs sale. Narrative: A relevant document should contain information on. drug problems in China, how the ...
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - Fab Team Scales Up Production...
- thus the need for such a punishing schedule. Where previous phases used 4 kilograms to 9 kilograms of germanium, the next phase of the experiment, called...
Preventing Molten Aluminium Water Explosions through the Use of ...
The energy released from one kilogram of molten aluminium reacted with oxygen is equivalent to detonating 3 kilograms of trinitrotoluene (TNT). For over 60�...
Incidental-to-Reprocessing Evaluation for the West Valley Demonstratio...
question pertained to whether page 6 of the Draft Evaluation should say ". . . 1,926 kilograms of plutonium . . ." rather than ". . . 1,926 kilograms of uranium . . ." DOE...
Appendix B
... of a cubic decimeter of water or to the Kilogram of the ... of the international standards; these are known as National Prototype Meters and Kilograms. ...
NIST Thermophysical properties of moist gases
... Using these results absolute humidity of kilograms of water vapor per kilogram of dry hydrogen has been determined as a function of pressure up to ...
Aluminum Cast Shop IV
Mar 6, 2013 ... The energy released from one kilogram of molten aluminium reacted with oxygen is equivalent to detonating 3 kilograms of trinitrotoluene�...
SI Units - Mass
... standards; these are known as National Prototype Meters and Kilograms. Learn more about the history and current definition of the kilogram. ...
September 19, 2001, DOE letter providing additional information...
of plutonium at the PFP. These 108 containers contain a total of approximately three kilograms of plutonium and approximately three kilograms of uranium. These lean solutions...
Lightweight rovers for Mars science exploration and sample return
We report on the development of new mobile robots for Mars exploration missions. These "lightweight survivable rover (LSR)" systems are of potential interest to both space and terrestrial applications, and are distinguished from more conventional designs by their use of new composite materials, collapsible running gear, integrated thermal-structural chassis, and other mechanical features enabling improved mobility and environmental robustness at reduced mass, volume, and power. Our first demonstrated such rover architecture, LSR-I, introduces running gear based on 2D composite struts and 3D machined composite joints, a novel collapsible hybrid composite-aluminum wheel design, a unit-body structural-thermal chassis with improved internal temperature isolation and stabilization, and a spot-pushbroom laser/CCD sensor enabling accurate, fast hazard detection and terrain mapping. LSR-1 is a-.7 x 1.0 meterA2(WxL) footprint six-wheel (20 cm dia.) rocker-bogie geometry vehicle of- 30 cm ground clearance, weighing only 7 kilograms with an onboard.3 kilogram multi-spectral imager and spectroscopic photometer. By comparison, NASNJPL's recently flown Mars Pathfinder rover Sojourner is an 1 I+ kilogram flight experiment (carrying a 1 kg APXS instrument) having-,45 x.6 meterA2 (WxL) footprint and 15 cm ground clearance, and about half the warm electronics enclosure (WEE) volume with twice the diurnal temperature swing (-40 to +40�C) of LSR-I in nominal Mars environments. We are also developing a new, smaller 5 kilogram class LSR-type vehicle for Mars sample return- the travel to, localization of, pick-up, and transport back to an Earth return ascent vehicle of a sample cache collected by earlier science missions. This Sample Retrievnl Rover R&D prototype has a
P. S. Schenker; L. F. Sword; A. J. Ganino; D. B. Bickler; G. S. Hickey; D. K. Brown; E. T. Baumgartner; L. H. Matthies; B. H. Wilcox; T. Balch; H. Aghazarian; M. S. Garrett
... �Wash load� means seven pounds of laundry by dry weight. ... pound, pint 17. Detergents, soap, laundry products ..... ...
Miller, K.G., and Snyder, S.W. (Eds.), 1997 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 150X
1950; Vaillancourt 1973).This recommendationwas emphasizedwith regard to contingent valuation (CV the natural re- sourcesin Prince William Sound,Alaska, thatwere injured by the 1989Exxon Valdez oil spill detailed sce- nario describing the condition of Prince William Soundbefore and after the Exxon Valdez spill
Miller, K.G., Sugarman, P.J., Browning, J.V., et al. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports Volume 174AX
is based. A thin paleosol, uniform massive medium sand, and medium sand with heavy mineral laminations (3 (23.1545.5 ft; 7.0613.87 m) consists of micaceous clays with silt laminations and uniform, tight) medium to fine sands (45.5 63.6 ft; 13.8719.39 m) deposited in lagoonalestuarine or proximal up- per
Electronics & Telecommunications Programs/Projects in PML
Electronics & Telecommunications Programs/Projects in PML. ... Electric Power Metrology and the Smart Grid. Electronic Kilogram. ...
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Efficiency
Presented By: WALTER E. JOHNSTON, PE Presented By: WALTER E. JOHNSTON, PE CEM, CEA, CLEP, CDSM, CPE pound of water 1 F = 0.252 KgCal 1 Pound of Water = About 1 Pint of Water ~ 1 Large Glass 1 Kitchen Match Basics of Air Conditioning = 1 Btu 5 = 6 Low Cost Cooling Unit 7 8 Typical Design Conditions 75 degrees F temperature 50% relative humidity 30 - 50 FPM air movement
Definition: British thermal unit | Open Energy Information
thermal unit thermal unit Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png British thermal unit The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit; often used as a unit of measure for the energy content of fuels.[1][2] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition The British thermal unit (BTU or Btu) is a traditional unit of energy equal to about 1055 joules. It is the amount of energy needed to cool or heat one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. In scientific contexts the BTU has largely been replaced by the SI unit of energy, the joule. The unit is most often used as a measure of power (as BTU/h) in the power, steam generation, heating, and air conditioning industries, and also as a measure of agricultural energy production (BTU/kg). It is still used
Streamlined approach for environmental restoration closure report for Corrective Action Unit No. 456: Underground storage tank release site 23-111-1, Nevada Test Site, Nevada
The underground storage tank (UST) release site 23-111-1 is located in Mercury, Nevada. The site is in Area 23 of the Nevada Test Site, (NTS) located on the north side of Building 111. The tank associated with the release was closed in place using cement grout on September 6, 1990. The tank was not closed by removal due to numerous active underground utilities, a high-voltage transformer pad, and overhead power lines. Soil samples collected below the tank bottom at the time of tank closure activities exceeded the Nevada Administrative Code Action Level of 100 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) for petroleum hydrocarbons. Maximum concentrations detected were 119 mg/kg. Two passive venting wells were subsequently installed at the tank ends to monitor the progress of biodegradation at the site. Quarterly air sampling from the wells was completed for approximately one year, but was discontinued since data indicated that considerable biodegradation was not occurring at the site.
Status Production Energy Efficiency % 72 70 Storage, Compression, Dispensing Efficiency Total Hydrogen Costs Hydrogen Production Costs
By 2012, develop and demonstrate distributed reforming technology for producing hydrogen from bio-oil at $3.80/kilogram (kg) purified hydrogen. By 2011, develop a prototype that incorporates the key operations: bio-oil injection, catalytic autothermal reforming, water-gas shift, and hydrogen isolation. Develop the necessary understanding of process chemistry, bio-oil compositional effects, catalyst chemistry, and deactivation and regeneration strategy to form a basis for process definition for automated distributed reforming to meet the DOE targets. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2010, demonstrate the process of auto-thermal reforming of bio-oil including a longterm catalyst performance, yields of hydrogen, and mass balances. Using a bench-scale reactor system, demonstrate catalytic conversion consistent with $3.80/kg hydrogen.
Richard French; Michael Penev; Rick Farmer
Degradation of cellulosic biomass and its subsequent utilization for the production of chemical feedstocks
Progress in studies on the production of reducing sugars and other products by Clostridium thermocellum on cellulosic biomass is reported. The rate of reducing sugar production using corn residue was found to be equal if not greater than on solka floc. Current work is being devoted towards elucidating discrepancies between reducing sugar analysis and high pressure liquid chromatography sugar analysis in order to permit accurate material balances to be completed. Studies are reported in further characterizing the plasmics of C. thermocellum and in the development of protoplasts of the same microorganism. A process and economic analysis for the production of 200 x 10/sup 6/ pounds (90 x 10/sup 6/ kilograms) per year of soluble reducing sugars from corn stover cellulose, using enzymes derived from Clostridium thermocellum was designed. Acrylic acid was produced in resting cell preparation of Clostridium propionicum from both ..beta..-alanine and from propionic acid. Results from the conversion of corn stover hydrolyzates to lactic acid, a precursor to acrylic acid, show that up to 70% of the sugars produced are converted to lactic acid. Efforts are proceeding to improve the conversion yield and carry out the overall conversion of corn stover to acrylic acid in the same fermentor. Results on the production of acetone and butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum demonstrated the capability of the strain to produce mixed solvents in concentration and conversion similar to that achieved in industrial processes. Various studies on the production of acetic acid by Clostridium thermoaceticum are also reported.
Wang, D.I.C.; Cooney, C.L.; Demain, A.L.; Gomez, R.F.; Sinskey, A.J.
Pressure coal gasification experience in Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia's large deposits of brown coal supply the country's three operating pressure gasification plants. The gas produced is suitable for further treatment to provide fuel for household and industrial consumers. Coal gasification is not new to the energy planners in Czechoslovakia. Since 1948, 56 gasifiers have been installed in the three pressure gasification plants currently in operation. The newest and biggest of these plants is at Vresova. The plant processes 5,000 tons of brown coal per day. The locally mined coal used for feed at the Vresova plant has a calorific value of 12 to 14 megajoules per kilogram (52 to 60 Btu's per pound). The gasifiers produce up to 13,000 cubic meters (459,000 cubic feet) per hour of crude gas per gasifier. Gasification technology has been under development in Czechoslovakia since 1945. The country has virtually no oil or natural gas reserves, a fact that emphasizes the importance of coal-based energy. Production of gas from coal in Czechoslovak gasifiers is based on gasification in the fixed bed of a gasifier.
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The United States (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE) proposes to transport highly enriched uranium (HEU) from Russia to a secure storage facility in Oak Ridge, TN. This proposed action would allow the United States and Russia to accelerate the disposition of excess nuclear weapons materials in the interest of promoting nuclear disarmament, strengthening nonproliferation, and combating terrorism. The HEU would be used for a non-weapons purpose in the U.S. � as fuel in research reactors performing solely peaceful missions. The amount of HEU to be transferred under the proposed action would be, on average, 166 kilograms (366 pounds) per year over a period of 10 years. The entire shipping campaign would be conducted under very high security. The Russian Federation would be responsible for packaging the material in appropriate packages that meet international and U.S. safety standards. The Russian Federation would also be responsible for transporting the material to a point of transfer, which could be in Russia or a cooperating European country. The U.S. would then take possession of the material and assume responsibility for its security and transport. The proposed action is to transport the HEU by U.S. military aircraft from Russia or a cooperating European country to the McGhee Tyson Air National Guard Base near Knoxville, TN, then by Safe Secure Transport/SafeGuards Transportation (SST/SGT) to the
unknown authors
Metallurgical Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE) Study Guide
The overall cell reaction is. a Al2O3 + b C = c Al + d CO + e CO2. If an electrolytic cell uses 0.44 kilograms of carbon per kilogram of molten aluminum produced,�...
It's Elemental - The Element Aluminum
Company of America, or Alcoa. When it opened, his company could produce about 25 kilograms of aluminum a day. By 1909, his company was producing about 41,000 kilograms of...
Peer Review of Strategy for Characterizing Contamination in DUF6...
plant (GDP) sites. Therefore, the assumption in Smith 1984 that 25percent (4.6 kilograms) of the neptunium received (18.4 kilograms) in the UO 3 will enter the cascade,...
126.96.36.199.1. Example of Shewhart control chart for mass ...
... There is no slot in the 1,1,1,1 design for an artifact check standard when the first two kilograms are reference standards; the third kilogram is a test ...
Microsoft PowerPoint - IPRC12.DeAngelis [Compatibility Mode
SYNTHESIS of SODALITE ( a i a 0 ) 100 Percentage of release a i weight in kilograms of each constituent leached during each leaching interval a 0 weight in kilograms...
Materials Sustainability: Digital Resource Center - Superalloy ...
Jul 1, 2008 ... About 55 million pounds of clean and contaminated superalloy scrap were processed in 1986; about 92 pct (50 million pounds) went to�...
NIST Fundamental Constants Data Center 1999 - FCDC
... Redefinition of the Kilogram. Motivated by recent NIST advances in determining the Planck constant h using a moving-coil ...
February 2013 VCAT Meeting Agenda
... 1:20 pm, International Metrology and the Redefinition of the Kilogram James Olthoff, Acting Deputy Director, Physical Measurement Laboratory. ...
... Title: Metrology--Basic Units; Mass; Electronic Kilogram/Watt Balance Schematic. Description: In the NIST watt balance ...
... 72 DPI Image � 150 DPI Image � 300 DPI Image �. Title: Metrology, Basic Units; Mass; Electronic Kilogram. Description ...
Electronics & Telecommunications Programs and Projects
... nanostructured materials. In the phenomenon � more. Electronic Kilogram Last Updated Date: 06/25/2013 This project ...
... Hamon Transfer Methods; Transverse Motion of the Main Induction Coil in the Electronic Kilogram Experiment; Design and ...
Detailed Contents
... Historical context of the base units: meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, and candela, including definitions of the abbreviations CGPM ...
Monday, September 23, 2013 � Hilton Washington DC North ...
... Fundamental Science Units and Redefining the Kilogram, Dr. James Olthoff Forensics@NIST Susan Ballou SBIR Overview: ...
The detonation of shot one at Bikini Atoll on March 1, 1954, produced a fallout of radioactive ash upon Rongelap Atoll, Marshall Islands. The distribution of the radioactive ash on the islands and in the plants and animals of the area has been studied and evaluated. During the first expedition to Rongelap Atoll on March 26, 1954, biological samples were collected and measurements made of the radiation contamination. On three additional expeditions extensive collections of material were made for this study, the last on January 25-30, 1955. The decline in radioactivity was measured in 1499 samples of fish, invertebrates, land plants, algae, birds, plankton, soil, and water from the Rongelap area. During this study particular emphasis was placed upon evaluation of the radioactivity in food used by the natives. Coconut milk collected on March 26, 1954, contained 1.03 microcuries per kilogram of wet tissue while the coconut meat had 1.16 mu c/kg. By January 25-30, 1955, the level in coconut milk had declined to 0.041 mu c/kg and the meat to 0.036 mu c/ kg. Fish muscle on March 26, 1954, averaged 2.74 mu c/kg and fish liver 204.0 mu c/kg. The decline to January 25-30 was 0.10 mu c/kg for the muscle and 3.52 mu c/kg for the liver of fish. Somewhat similar declines were found for clam muscle, crab muscle, bird muscle and liver, and for squash, papaya, arrowroot and pandanus. The level of radioactivity was highest in the northern portion of the atoll, except for samples of algae and fish-eating birds, collected during January 1955 from the southern part of the atoll, which had higher levels of radioactivity than samples collected from the northern islands on the same date. This may indicate a translocation of radioactive materials within the lagoon. (auth)
Berkley, K.M.; Pearse, H.E.
Distributed Bio-Oil Reforming - DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2012 Annual Progress Report
5 5 FY 2012 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Stefan Czernik (Primary Contact), Richard French, Michael Penev National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, CO 80401 Phone: (303) 384-6135 Email: email@example.com DOE Manager Sara Dillich Phone: (202) 586-1623 Email: email@example.com Subcontractor: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN Project Start Date: October 1, 2004 Project End Date: September 30, 2012 Fiscal Year (FY) 2012 Objectives By 2012, develop and demonstrate distributed reforming * technology for producing hydrogen from bio-oil at $4.10/ kilogram (kg) purified hydrogen. Demonstrate integrated performance at bench scale * including bio-oil vaporization, partial-oxidation (POX)
DOE/EA-1607: Final Environmental Assessment for Disposition of DOE Excess Depleted Uranium, Natural Uranium, and Low-Enriched Uranium (June 2009)
μCi/cc microcuries per cubic centimeter μCi/cc microcuries per cubic centimeter MAP mitigation action plan MEI maximally exposed individual mg/kg milligrams per kilogram mrem millirem mSv millisievert MT metric ton MTCA Model Toxics Control Act MTU metric tons of uranium N/A not applicable Final Environmental Assessment: Disposition of DOE Excess Depleted Uranium, Natural Uranium, and Low-Enriched Uranium vi NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NEF National Enrichment Facility NEPA National Environmental Policy Act NRC U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission NU natural uranium NUF 6 natural uranium hexafluoride pCi/g picocuries per gram PEIS programmatic environmental impact statement PM 2.5 particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less PM 10 particulate matter with a diameter of 10 microns or less
Magnetic-field shielding of satellites from high-energy-electron environments
Magnet configurations are found that limit the 6-MeV electrons threatening satellite electronics to <1% of the incident flux. Successful configurations of permanent magnets and electromagnets require magnetic energies of {approximately}8 to 12 kJ to protect each liter of electronics volume. The fundamental strength of materials leads to a required minimum mass of {approximately}48 to 64 kg/liter to support the magnetic pressure. With the electronics requiring {approximately}5 liters, several hundred kilograms are needed for this support. Except for protecting small apertures, magnetic shielding provides little, if any, advantage over that obtained by coating with an equivalent mass using traditional methods. 7 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.
Vittitoe, C.N.
Environmental Assessment Proposed Changes to the Sanitary Biosolids Land Application Program on the Oak Ridge Reservation Oak Ridge, Tennessee
56 56 Environmental Assessment Proposed Changes to the Sanitary Biosolids Land Application Program on the Oak Ridge Reservation Oak Ridge, Tennessee February 2003 U.S. Department of Energy Oak Ridge Operations i ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ac acres ALARA as low as reasonably achievable AMSA American Metropolitan Sewer Association CEQ Council on Environmental Quality CSF cancer slope factor DOE U.S. Department of Energy EA environmental assessment EFPC East Fork Poplar Creek EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPS Effluent Polishing System (West End Treatment Facility) FONSI Finding of No Significant Impact g gram ha hectares HEAST Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables HI hazard index HQ hazard quotient IDP Industrial Discharge Permit IRIS Integrated Risk Information System kg kilogram
µCi/cc microcuries per cubic centimeter µCi/cc microcuries per cubic centimeter MAP mitigation action plan MEI maximally exposed individual mg/kg milligrams per kilogram mrem millirem mSv millisievert MT metric ton MTCA Model Toxics Control Act MTU metric tons of uranium N/A not applicable Final Environmental Assessment: Disposition of DOE Excess Depleted Uranium, Natural Uranium, and Low-Enriched Uranium vi NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NEF National Enrichment Facility NEPA National Environmental Policy Act NRC U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission NU natural uranium NUF 6 natural uranium hexafluoride pCi/g picocuries per gram PEIS programmatic environmental impact statement PM 2.5 particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less PM 10 particulate matter with a diameter of 10 microns or less
Definition: Joule | Open Energy Information
Joule Joule Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Joule A metric unit of energy or work; 1 joule per second equals 1 watt; 1 Btu equals 1,055 joules.[1][2] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition The joule, symbol J, is a derived unit of energy, work, or amount of heat in the International System of Units. It is equal to the energy expended (or work done) in applying a force of one newton through a distance of one metre (1 newton metre or N·m), or in passing an electric current of one ampere through a resistance of one ohm for one second. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818-1889). In terms firstly of base SI units and then in terms of other SI units: where N is the newton, m is the metre, kg is the kilogram, s is the second, Pa is
1. Zu bestimmen ist der Druck in der Mitte der Erde. Nehmen Sie die Dichte als konstant an: 10 /kg m . Der Radius der Erde ist 6400R km .
1. Zu bestimmen ist der Druck in der Mitte der Erde. Nehmen Sie die Dichte als konstant an: 4 3 10. Der Reibungskoeffizient des Sandes mit der Wand sei . Zu bestimmen ist der Druck im Sand als Funktion pl an der Stelle [1] als Funktion von . b) Wie gro�? darf die Winkelgeschwindigkeit höchstens
Berlin,Technische Universität
PTG 2010PTG 2010 i i 33 P blP bl 55PTG 2010PTG 2010 vningvning 33 ProblemProblem 55 2 kg of steam at a pressure of 1 bar are contained in a
of steam at a pressure of 1 bar are contained in a i id l d t k h l i 3 97 3 Th trigid sealed tank whose volume is 3.97 m3. The steam begins to cool off as heat is transferred to the atmosphere. When is the initial temperature of the steam in the tank (°C)? c) What will the temperature be in the tank when thec
Zevenhoven, Ron
Mountain, G.S., Miller, K.G., Blum, P., Poag, C.W., and Twichell, D.C. (Eds.), 1996 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 150
constraints on paleobathymetry and sediment provenance. The New Jersey Transect yields cosmopolitan Eocene ventilated by similar intermediate to upper deep-water masses in the late Eocene. A cosmopolitan Lenticulina
Development of an ammonia emission protocol and preliminary emission factor for a central Texas dairy
A protocol was developed to measure ammonia emission concentrations from dairies using an isolation flux chamber. A hybrid dairy in Comanche county, Texas, was measured for one week each during August 2002 and January 2003. Sixty total ammonia samples were taken from the free stall barn, open lot, mixing tank, separated solids, compost, and two lagoons using the developed protocol. The ammonia concentration measurements were made using a chemiluminescence analyzer located inside a mobile laboratory. From the emission concentrations recorded, it was estimated that 9.68 metric tons of ammonia were produced from this dairy per year. An emission factor of 13.34 � 28.80 kilograms per day per thousand head of cattle (kg/day/1000 head) was estimated for this dairy (�95% confidence intervals) during summer conditions. For winter conditions the emission factor was 12.05 � 12.89 kg/day/1000 head. The 11% difference of the emission factors from summer to winter conditions was predominantly from the change in ambient and control volume temperatures (a mean difference of approximately 25 degrees Celsius), differences in source temperatures, and seasonal variability in husbandry. The adsorption of ammonia onto different polymer tubing used in pollutant stream conveyance was researched for possible systematic losses. Teflon and low density polyethylene (LDPE) were tested for ammonia losses with treatments of: temperature, length, and inlet concentration. Inlet concentration and temperature were significant factors used to describe ammonia adsorption for Teflon, whereas LDPE was also affected by tubing length. These factors were used to create a model to correct the summer dairy measurements for ammonia losses, resulting in an emission factor increase of 8.3% over the original value obtained from the flux chamber. A nitrogen mass balance was performed to estimate the amount of nitrogen available for ammonia formation as excreted - 177.5 kilograms per year per animal (wet basis). The amount of ammonia excreted per year was also estimated to be 26.63 kilograms per year. The measured ammonia emitted from the dairy was five times less than the ammonia excreted and thirty-six times less than the total nitrogen excreted.
Rose, Adam Joseph
Powered Remote Manipulators Perform Hazardous Retrieval, Handling, and Size Reduction Operations
This paper describes a new lightweight, powered remote manipulator (PRM) that S.A.Robotics has developed for remote material handling and size reduction in hazardous environments such as reactor decommissioning projects. PRMs can be mounted to various deployment platforms such as remote controlled track-driven vehicles, commercial All Terrain Vehicles, or crane-mounted arms. They can also be installed as replacements for traditional Master-Slave Manipulators (MSMs) in hot cells. The PRM is a six degree of freedom manipulator with carbon fiber structural components that can provide up to a 3 meter (10 foot) reach. Either electric or hydraulic power options can be used and a variety of hydraulic fluids are available to meet combustible material limitations. The PRM is operated with easy-to-use joystick controls that allow operators to sit in a comfortable work station and handle 90 kg (200 pound) loads with a hydraulic power pack or 45 kg (100 pounds) with electric servo-motor driven equipment. With a quick disconnect tool changer, the manipulator can operate grippers, drills, shears, saws, sampling and survey instruments, and the arm can also deploy cameras and lights to support a wide range of remote applications. (authors)
Cole, M.D.; Owen, J.R.; Adams, S.R. [S.A.Robotics, Inc., 3985 S. Lincoln Avenue, Suite 100, Loveland, Colorado 80241 (United States)
Humic acid complexation of basic and neutral polycyclic aromatic compounds
, metallurgical processes, and some coal, oil shale, and tar sand conversion systems. These com- pounds exhibit
Chorover, Jon
Corrective Action Plan for Corrective Action Unit 321: Area 22 Weather Station Fuel Storage Nevada Test Site, Nevada
The purpose of this Corrective Action Plan (CAP) is to provide the strategy and methodology to close the Area 22 Weather Station Fuel Storage. The CAU will be closed following state and federal regulations and the FFACO (1996). Site characterization was done during February 1999. Soil samples were collected using a direct-push method. Soil samples were collected at 0.6-m (2-ft) intervals from the surface to 1.8 m (6 ft) below ground surface. The results of the characterization were reported in the Corrective Action Decision Document (CADD) (DOE, 1999b). Soil sample results indicated that two locations in the bermed area contain total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) as diesel at concentrations of 124 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) and 377 mg/kg. This exceeds the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP) regulatory action level for TPH of 100 mg/kg (Nevada Administrative Code, 1996). The TPH-impacted soil will be removed and disposed as part of the corrective action.
D. S. Tobiason
Corrective Action Plan for Corrective Action Unit 428: Area 3 Septic Waste Systems 1 and 5 Tonopah Test Range, Nevada
Area 3 Septic Waste Systems 1 and 5 are located in Area 3 of the Tonopah Test Range (TTR) (Figure 1). The site is listed in the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (FFACO, 1996) as Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 428 and includes Corrective Action Sites 03-05-002-SW01 (Septic Waste System 1 [SWS 1]), and 03-05-002-SW05 (Septic Waste System 5 [SWS 5]). The site history for the CAU is provided in the Corrective Action Investigation Plan (U.S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office [DOE/NV], 1999). SWS 1 consists of two leachfields and associated septic tanks. SWS 1 received effluent from both sanitary and industrial sources from various buildings in Area 3 of the TTR (Figure 2). SWS 5 is comprised of one leachfield and outfall with an associated septic tank. SWS 5 received effluent from sources in Building 03-50 in Area 3 of the TTR (Figure 2). Both systems were active until 1990 when a consolidated sewer system was installed. The purpose of this Corrective Action Plan (CAP) is to provide the strategy and methodology to close the Area 3 SWS 1 and 5. The CAU will be closed following state and federal regulations and the FFACO (1996). Site characterization was done during May and June 1999. Samples of the tank contents, leachfield soil, and soil under the tanks and pipes were collected. The results of the characterization were reported in the Corrective Action Decision Document (CADD) (DOE/NV, 2000). Additional sampling was done in May 2000, the results of which are presented in this plan. Soil sample results indicated that two constituents of concern were detected above Preliminary Action Levels (PALs). Total arsenic was detected at a concentration of 68.7 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg). The arsenic was found under the center distribution line at the proximal end of the SWS 5 Leachfield (Figure 3). Total benzo(a)pyrene was detected at a concentration of 480 micrograms per kilogram ({micro}g/kg). The benzo(a)pyrene was found in the soil under the discharge line at SWS 1 Septic Tank 33-1A (Figure 3). These concentrations are above the PALs of 3.0 mg/kg and 360 {micro}g/kg, respectively (DOE/NV, 1999) but are below the hazardous regulatory levels for these constituents. The soil will be excavated and disposed in the Nevada Test Site (NTS) Area 23 Sanitary Landfill.
The Impact of Charge on Performance of an Air-to-Air Heat Pump for R22 and Three Binary Blends of Refrigerants 32 and 134a
An experimental study was conducted in which the performance of three blends of R134a and R32 were compared to R22. The effect of refrigerant charge and the size of expansion device on the performance of these refrigerants in an air-to-air heat pump operating in the air-conditioning mode was quantified. All tests were conducted according to ASHRAE Standard 116 (1983). The mixtures consisted of 60%/40%, 70%/30% and 80%/20% ratios by mass of R134a and R32. Charge levels of 5, 5.45, 5.90 and 6.00 kilograms (11, 12, 13 and 14 pounds) were tested. At each charge level, outdoor room conditions of 27.8�C, 35.0�C and 40.6�C (82�F, 95�F and 105�F) were tested. For each combination of charge level and outdoor room temperature, orifice diameters of 1.64, 1.78, 1.96 and 2.07 millimeters (0.0645, 0.0700, 0.0770 and 0.0815 inches) were tested. Three variables were used to quantify refrigerant performance: total capacity, total electrical power consumption and coefficient of performance (COP). Several other variables such as mass flow rate, compressor suction pressures and differential pressures were also used to determine system characteristics. The performance of the three mixtures was not as good as the R22. The capacities were between 7 and 17% lower than R22. The energy efficiency ratios were IV within three percent in some cases but the corresponding capacities at these EERs were more than 12% lower than the R22 base case. The best results for a mixture was the 60/40 blend. The capacity was 7.3% lower than the base case and the EER was 8.5% lower.
Robinson, J. H.
Corrective Action Plan for Corrective Action Unit 230: Area 22 Sewage Lagoons and Corrective Action Unit 320: Area 22 Desert Rock Airport Strainer Box, Nevada Test Site, Nevada
The purpose of this Corrective Action Plan (CAP) is to provide the strategy and methodology to close the Area 22 Sewage Lagoons site. The CAU will be closed following state and federal regulations and the FFACO (1996). Site characterization was done during September 1999, Soil samples were collected using a direct-push method and a backhoe. Soil samples were collected from the sludge bed, sewage lagoons, strainer box, and Imhoff tank areas. Characterization of the manholes associated with the septic system leading to the Imhoff tank was done during March 2000. The results of the characterization were reported in the Corrective Action Decision Document (CADD) (DOE/NV, 2000). Soil sample results indicated that the only constituent of concern (COC) detected above Preliminary Action Levels (PALs) was total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) as diesel-range organics. This COC was detected in three samples from the sludge bed at concentrations up to 580 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg). This exceeds the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP) regulatory action level for TPH of 100 mg/kg (Nevada Administrative Code, 1996). Excavation of the area during characterization uncovered asphalt debris, four safety poles, and strands of barbed wire. The TPH-impacted soil and debris will be removed and disposed in the NTS Area 6 Hydrocarbon Landfill.
Corrective Action Plan for Corrective Action Unit 423: Area 3 Building 03-60 Underground Discharge Point, Tonopah Test Range, Nevada
The Corrective Action Plan provides the closure methods for Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 423: Area 3 Building 03-60 Underground Discharge Point (UDP), Tonoopah Test Range, Nevada. CAU 423 consists of the UDP and an associated discharge pipeline extending from Building 03-60. Corrective action investigations were completed in January 1998, and are documented in the Corrective Action Decision Document (US DOE, 1998). Results indicate an asymmetrical hydrocarbon plume, measuring 11 meters (m) 35 ft in length, 6 m (20 ft) in width, and 4 to 20 m (14 to 65 ft) in depth, has formed beneath the UDP and migrated westward. Petroleum hydrocarbon levels were identified above the 100 miligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) action level specified in Nevada Administrative Code (NAC) 445A (NAC 1996). The highest petroleum hydrocarbon concentration detected was 2,4000 mg/kg at 6 m, 20 ft, below surface grade as diesel. Corrective actions will consist of administrative controls and in place closure of th e UDP and its associated discharge pipeline.
Bechtel Nevada
Energy Department Completes Salt Coolant Material Transfer to...
Republic's Ministry of Industry and Trade to complete the transfer of 75 kilograms of fluoride salt from the Department's Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to the Czech Nuclear...
United States and Czech Republic Establish a Joint Civil Nuclear...
between our two nations. Last month, DOE completed the transfer of 75 kilograms of fluoride salt from the Department's Oak Ridge National Laboratory to the Czech Nuclear...
Joprnal of Research
... Calibration of a nickel- chrome or a stainless steel kilogram by comparison to a platinum-iridium prototype presents many additional problems ...
Removal of Last Remaining HEU from Vietnam - Time Lapse Video...
(MOST) and the Russian Federation successfully removed 11 kilograms of highly enriched uranium (HEU) from the Dalat Nuclear Research Institute. This is the eleventh country...
Chapter 2. OOF2 Concepts
... Of course, at NIST we prefer that you use SI units (kilograms, meters, and seconds, etc.), but if you use slugs, furlongs, and fortnights instead, OOF2 ...
From Artefacts to Atoms--The BIPM and the Search for ...
... and a loudspeaker that demonstrates the principles of the watt balance, one of the ways of realizing the future definition of the kilogram based on a ...
IV. Uniform Regulations B. Uniform Regulation for the Method ...
... Labeling. � All hydrogen fuel kept, offered, or exposed for sale and sold at retail shall be in mass units in terms of the kilogram. ...
Major World Ecosystem Complexes Ranked by Carbon in Live Vegetation...
kilometers); and medium, revised medium, minimum, and maximum carbon densities (in kilograms carbon per square meter). The minimum, medium, and maximum carbon densities were...
PNNL: About PNNL - Laboratory Awards
pollution prevention related avoidances of 4,159,500 and approximately 13,450 kilograms of hazardous waste. (announced 512007) PNNL Wins Excellence Awards for Safety and...
Nanomanufacturing: Deposition and Exfoliation Processes
Oct 11, 2012 ... Modifications to the tooling assembly resulted in changes of flake morphology and allowed easier exfoliation for producing kilograms of�...
Modeling Magnetically Excited and Magnetically Damped Liquid ...
The dynamic interaction of the turbulent flow with the oscillating interface needs to be accounted if it is required to levitate liquid metal of up to few kilograms�...
Professional Preface, 4 (1): MDMD Sponsors First MaD Competition
The test results also illustrate that the cost criteria, which was specified as cost/ kilogram, served as a disadvantage to the fiberglass/plywood specimen since it�...
The Avogadro Project A 25 Year Quest
... The Avogadro constant is an important input parameter for the international effort to redefine the kilogram on the basis of a fundamental physical ...
Redefining the SI Units
... and accuracy, simplify and normalize the unit definitions, and liberate the system from dependence on the prototype kilogram, an artifact adopted in ...
New Reference Material to Help Get the Lead Out of Paints for ...
... The law requires that paints used on children's products contain no more than 90 milligrams of lead per kilogram of paint, a marked decrease from ...
Computer Experiments for an Alternative Approach to Mass ...
... In anticipation of the redefinition of the kilogram and to avoid a parallel non-SI dissemination system for mass, an alternative approach to mass ...
Journal of Research Volume 76C
... Volume 76C. ISSN: 0022-4316. Issue 1 and 2. Issue 1 and 2 January 1972. National Bureau of Standards one kilogram balance NBS no. ...
NIST Tech Beat - Sept. 23, 2005
... Nature. Sept. 15. Media Contact: Laura Ost, email@example.com, (301) 975-4034. Up. Advance May Move Kilogram Closer to 'Natural' Definition. ...
A Weighty Matter - Materials Technology @ TMS
Jan 6, 2013 ... The years have not been kind to the international prototype kilogram (IPK). Like many who face advancing years, the platinum-iridium alloy�...
United States and Latvian Governments Sign Agreement to Allow...
of HEU in research reactors worldwide. To date, Russia has accepted approximately 105 kilograms of fresh Russian-origin HEU from six countries under GTRI's Russian Research Reactor...
Status of the Alcoa Carbothermic Aluminum Project
... have resulted in a reactor design able to continuously operate the process for several weeks at the time, with hundreds of kilograms of alloy in every tap.
Groundbreaking Ceremony for the Center for Advanced ...
... You may automatically think of us as worrying about the national time standard and the mass of a kilogram, but we conduct research in any area of ...
Mass Measurements
... NIST maintains the national standard for mass in the form of the prototype kilogram (K20) and provides services to support the parts of the national ...
Nonstick and Laser-safe Gold Aids Laser Trapping of ...
... (A one-kilogram mass on the Earth's surface exerts a force of roughly 10 newtons. A piconewton is 0.000 000 000 001 newtons. ...
EXO project spent six years designing and assembling a tank that will soon hold 200 kilograms of liquid xenon. The process was complicated by an extensive effort toward...
Prototype Cathode Processor (PCP) - Nuclear Engineering Division...
processor has allowed the prototype unit to purify, by distillation, several hundred kilograms of uranium chloride salt produced by the Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division...
Effect of Microstructure (and Heat Treatment) on the 649�C ... - TMS
Approximately 45 kilograms of powder was placed into steel containers for subsequent hot compaction and extrusion at. Wyman Gordon's facilities in Houston,�...
Quantum Measurement Division Homepage
... Even the kilogram (the only base unit currently defined by an artifact) is the subject of QMD measurement research, part of a worldwide effort to ...
Journal of Research of NIST
... The New Kilogram Definition and its Implications for High-Precision Mass Tolerance Classes Patrick J. Abbott and Zeina J. Kubarych http://dx.doi ...
NIST Tech Beat for October 26, 2010
... pictured) offer new ways of determining an accurate value of the Planck constant h, thereby contributing to a definition of the kilogram based on ...
NIST Tech Beat -February 24, 2005
... To view an agenda or register for the meeting, see http://www.ostp.gov/mfgiwg/. Back to Top of Page. Experts Urge Redefinition of the Kilogram. ...
Revised formula for the density of moist air (CIPM-2007)
... using air buoyancy artefacts Metrologia 41 330�2 [6] Kobayashi Y, Nezu Y, Uchikawa K, Ikeda S and Yano H 1986 Prototype kilogram balance II of ...
Everyday Life within the United States
... The international prototype of the kilogram is the only remaining artifact used to define a base unit of the SI (rather than definition by a fundamental ...
CODATA Values of the Fundamental Constants
... inverse meter relationship atomic mass unit-joule relationship atomic mass unit-kelvin relationship atomic mass unit-kilogram relationship electron ...
NIST Atomic Physics Division - 2000
... in the coming decade and have impacts to science in areas as diverse as gamma-ray spectroscopy and the realization of a non-artifact kilogram. ...
Quantum Electrical Measurements News
... Disseminating the Kilogram, No Strings Attached Release Date: 08/24/2012 Patrick Abbot inspects the upper (vacuum) section of the apparatus. ...
Get the Lead Out of Paints for Children's Products Video ...
... products. That is for children of age 12 or younger. 90 parts per million is 90 milligrams of lead per kilogram of paint. The ...
Fuel Cell Technologies Office: Fuel Cell Technologies Office...
efficiency of today's gasoline vehicles with refueling times of five minutes for four kilograms of hydrogen. Visit our website to access technical information about hydrogen and...
Deputy Secretary Daniel Poneman's Remarks to the International...
two nations partnered with the International Atomic Energy Agency to blend down 33 kilograms of highly enriched uranium from the Kazakh Institute of Nuclear Physics in Almaty....
Coupling GIS and LCA for biodiversity assessments of land use: Part 1: Inventory modeling
that farmers producing corn ethanol feedstocks may be aban-vulgaris) feedstocks. Corn-based ethanol can be producedfeedstock/ kilogram ethanol): corn grains, 3.41; corn
Geyer, Roland; Stoms, David M.; Lindner, Jan P.; Davis, Frank W.; Wittstock, Bastian
An Integrated Hydrogen Vision for California
of $2.00-2.50 per kilogram. Gasification of Coal and Othermore generally as �gasification,� hydrogen can be producedproduced from coal gasification POx processes at delivered
International System of Units (SI)
... of the kilogram, ampere, kelvin, and mole: A proposed approach to implementing CIPM recommendation 1 (CI-2005),� IM Mills, PJ Mohr, TJ Quinn ...
PowerPoint Presentation
or Thorium) * 1 kilogram or more of "foreign obligated" source material, - report the inventory to NMMSS * Enrichment, MOX fuel fabrication or downblending uranium >10% enriched, -...
high-level radioactive waste ... solution to be disposed of as low-activity waste in Saltstone � Purification of 2 kilograms of curium-244 for offsite ...
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence for Nuclear Materials Assay
that are of interest for nuclear security applications. Theof interest to nuclear security. To either make theseother targets of nuclear security interest, such kilogram-
Quiter, Brian Joseph
Force to be Reckoned With: NIST Measures Laser Power with ...
... but also advances fundamental measurement science. Now, NIST will be able to compare an optical watt (the basic electrical unit) to a kilogram ...
Inventory of China's Energy-Related CO2 Emissions in 2008
F. , 2008. Wang, Fuchen, �Coal gasification technology ins standard energy measure of coal equivalent (1 kilogram =energy consumption, 82% is from coal consumption, 15% from
Fridley, David
Table 7. Carbon intensity of the energy supply by state (2000...
"Table 7. Carbon intensity of the energy supply by state (2000 - 2010)" "kilograms of energy-related carbon dioxide per million Btu" ,,,"Change" ,,,"2000 to 2010"...
Hoisting and Rigging
4 4 BELOW-THE-HOOK LIFTING DEVICES 14-i This chapter provides the requirements for below-the-hook lifting devices used in hoisting and rigging, such as spreader bars, lifting yokes, and lift fixtures. This section implements the requirements of ASME B30.20, "Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices" (for latest ASME standards, see http://catalog.asme.org/home.cfm?Category=CS). NOTE: Special lifting devices for shipping containers weighing 10,000 lb or more that are used for radioactive materials are governed by ANSI N14.6 ["Standard for Special Lifting Devices for Shipping Containers Weighing 10,000 Pounds (4,500 kg) or More for Nuclear Materials."] 14.1 GENERAL ...............................................................................................................................14-1
DOE-STD-1090-2004; Hoisting and Rigging (Formerly Hoisting and Rigging Manual)
4 4 BELOW-THE-HOOK LIFTING DEVICES 14-i Chapter 14 Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices This chapter provides the requirements for below-the-hook lifting devices used in hoisting and rigging, such as spreader bars, lifting yokes, and lift fixtures. This section implements the requirements of ASME B30.20, "Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices." NOTE: Special lifting devices for shipping containers weighing 10,000 lb or more that are used for radioactive materials may be governed by ANSI N14.6 ["Standard for Special Lifting Devices for Shipping Containers Weighing 10,000 Pounds (4,500 kg) or More for Nuclear Materials."] 14.1 GENERAL ...............................................................................................................................14-1
Manufacturing Consumption of Energy 1991
Metric Unit Mass Short Tons Short Tons Uranium Oxide (U 3 0 8 ) Short Tons Uranium Fluoride (UF 6 ) Long Tons Pounds(lb) Pounds Uranium Oxide(lb U 3 O 8 ) Ounces,...
... personal. personnel. petrol. pick. plain. plan. plea. pleasure. point. poland. police. policy. political. politician. position. pot. pounds. power. preacher. ...
HIGHLIGHTSHIGHLIGHTSHIGHLIGHTSHIGHLIGHTSHIGHLIGHTS Personal and Financial Record
-Out* Quarter pound Flame Broiled Burgers Char-Grilled Hot Dogs Cole Slaw Potato Chips Condiments and Garnishes
Neimark, Alexander V.
Standards for Business Conduct
Novel duplex vapor-electrochemical method for silicon solar cells. Quarterly progress report No. 9, February 1--April 30, 1978
Economic studies of the SRI process for the production of silicon are described. These studies cover the recovery of SiF/sub 4/ gas from fluosilicic acid (H/sub 2/SiF/sub 6/), sodium reduction of SiF/sub 4/ gas, separation of silicon from the reaction products by leaching the sodium fluorides, conversion of residual fluorides to cryolite, and the environmental treatment of the waste effluents. Since the sodium reduction of SiF/sub 4/ gas is highly exothermic, an attempt was made to understand the problems of heat transfer in the system and possibly predict their effect on the annual rate of silicon production. The details of the process economics are discussed, and the heat transfer studies are described. Economic analyses of the SRI process for the production of silicon show that silicon can be produced at a cost of $6.20/kg with a total fixed capital of $9,006,985 (1975 dollars) for a 1000 MT/yr operation. The cost per kilogram of silicon varies with the annual tonnage produced. On increasing the annual production to 3000 MT/yr, the cost was calculated to be $5.30/kg, while for a 5000 MT/yr operation, the cost of silicon production dropped to $5.00/kg. The yield of acceptable product silicon from the silicon produced was assumed to be 80%. By-product credit was obtained by converting the fluorides of sodium and hydrofluoric acid to marketable cryolite (Na/sub 3/AlF/sub 6/). These calculations also include the cost of environmental treatment and disposal for the waste effluents.
Kapur, V.K.; Nanis, L.; Sanjurjo, A.; Barlett, R.W.
JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE ColloqueC6,suppl6mentau nO1l,Tome 48,novembre 1987
uranium containing the mixture of isotopes occurring in nature; uranium depleted in the isotope 235; Depleted uranium 1000 kilograms; and Thorium 1000 kilograms. #12;INFCIRC/254/Rev.9/Part.1 November 2007 Annex B, section 4.); 2.5. Plants for the separation of isotopes of natural uranium, depleted uranium
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Remediation and Recovery of Uranium from Contaminated
Lovley, Derek
NIST: Special Publication 330
... 126.96.36.199, Unit of length (meter). 188.8.131.52, Unit of mass (kilogram). 22.214.171.124, Unit of time (second). ... 3.1, SI prefixes. 3.2, The kilogram. 4, Units outside the SI. ...
Advanced lead acid battery development project. Final report
This project involved laboratory and road testing of the Horizon (registered) advanced lead acid batteries produced by Electrosource, Inc. A variety of electric vehicles in the fleet operated by the Sacramento Municipal Utility District and McClellan Air Force Base were used for road tests. The project was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under RA 93-23 entitled Electric Vehicle Technology and Infrastructure. The Horizon battery is a valve regulated, or sealed, lead acid battery produced in a variety of sizes and performance levels. During the project, several design and process improvements on the Horizon battery resulted in a production battery with a specific energy approaching 45 watt-hours per kilogram (Whr/kg) capable of delivering a peak current of 450 amps. The 12 volt, 95 amp-hour (Ahr) Horizon battery, model number 12N95, was placed into service in seven (7) test vehicles, including sedans, prototype lightweight electric vehicles, and passenger vans. Over 20,000 miles have been driven to date on vehicles powered by the Horizon battery. Road test results indicate that when the battery pack is used with a compatible charger and charge management system, noticeably improved acceleration characteristics are evident, and the vehicles provide a useful range almost 20% greater than with conventional lead-acid batteries.
Research Reactor Preparations for the Air Shipment of Highly Enriched Uranium from Romania
In June 2009 two air shipments transported both unirradiated (fresh) and irradiated (spent) Russian-origin highly enriched uranium (HEU) nuclear fuel from two research reactors in Romania to the Russian Federation for conversion to low enriched uranium. The Institute for Nuclear Research at Pitesti (SCN Pitesti) shipped 30.1 kg of HEU fresh fuel pellets to Dimitrovgrad, Russia and the Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH) shipped 23.7 kilograms of HEU spent fuel assemblies from the VVR S research reactor at Magurele, Romania, to Chelyabinsk, Russia. Both HEU shipments were coordinated by the Russian Research Reactor Fuel Return Program (RRRFR) as part of the U.S. Department of Energy Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI), were managed in Romania by the National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN), and were conducted in cooperation with the Russian Federation State Corporation Rosatom and the International Atomic Energy Agency. Both shipments were transported by truck to and from respective commercial airports in Romania and the Russian Federation and stored at secure nuclear facilities in Russia until the material is converted into low enriched uranium. These shipments resulted in Romania becoming the 3rd country under the RRRFR program and the 14th country under the GTRI program to remove all HEU. This paper describes the research reactor preparations and license approvals that were necessary to safely and securely complete these air shipments of nuclear fuel.
K. J. Allen; I. Bolshinsky; L. L. Biro; M. E. Budu; N. V. Zamfir; M. Dragusin; C. Paunoiu; M. Ciocanescu
Autonomous, agile micro-satellites and supporting technologies
This paper updates the on-going effort at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to develop autonomous, agile micro-satellites (MicroSats). The objective of this development effort is to develop MicroSats weighing only a few tens of kilograms, that are able to autonomously perform precision maneuvers and can be used telerobotically in a variety of mission modes. The required capabilities include satellite rendezvous, inspection, proximity-operations, docking, and servicing. The MicroSat carries an integrated proximity-operations sensor-suite incorporating advanced avionics. A new self-pressurizing propulsion system utilizing a miniaturized pump and non-toxic mono-propellant hydrogen peroxide was successfully tested. This system can provide a nominal 25 kg MicroSat with 200-300 m/s delta-v including a warm-gas attitude control system. The avionics is based on the latest PowerPC processor using a CompactPCI bus architecture, which is modular, high-performance and processor-independent. This leverages commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) technologies and minimizes the effects of future changes in processors. The MicroSat software development environment uses the Vx-Works real-time operating system (RTOS) that provides a rapid development environment for integration of new software modules, allowing early integration and test. We will summarize results of recent integrated ground flight testing of our latest non-toxic pumped propulsion MicroSat testbed vehicle operated on our unique dynamic air-rail.
Breitfeller, E; Dittman, M D; Gaughan, R J; Jones, M S; Kordas, J F; Ledebuhr, A G; Ng, L C; Whitehead, J C; Wilson, B
Microsats for On-Orbit Support Missions
I appreciate the opportunity to address this conference and describe some of our work and plans for future space missions and capabilities. My presentation will consist of a short overview of our program, some potential missions and enabling technologies, as well as, a description of some of our test vehicles and ongoing docking experiments. The Micro-Satellite Technology Program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is developing technologies for a new generation of a very highly capable autonomous microsats. A microsat is defined here as a vehicle that's less than 100 kilograms in mass. We're looking at a number of different microsat design configurations, between 0.5 to 1 meter in length and less than 40 kg in mass. You'll see several ground-test vehicles that we have been building that are modeled after potential future on-orbit systems. In order to have very aggressive missions, these microsats will require new integrated proximity operation sensors, advanced propulsion, avionics and guidance systems. Then to make this dream a reality a new approach to high fidelity ''hardware-in-the-loop'' ground testing, will be discussed that allows repeated tests with the same vehicle multiple times. This will enable you to ''get it right'' before going into space. I'll also show some examples of our preliminary docking work completed as of today.
Ledebuhr, A G
Sintered Reaction Bonded Silicon Parts by Microwave Nitridation Combined with Gas-Pressure Sintering
The cooperative project was a joint development program between Ceradyne and Oak Ridge National Laboratory through Lockheed Martin Energy Research (LMER). Cooperative work was of benefit to both parties. ORNL was able to assess the effect of the microwave nitridation process coupled with gas-pressure sintering for fabrication of parts for advanced diesel engines. Ceradyne gained access to gelcasting expertise and microwave facilities and experience for the nitridation of SRBSN materials. The broad objective of the CRADA between Ceradyne and OIWL was to (1) examine the applicability of the gelcasting technology to fabricate parts from SRBSN, and (2) to assess the effect of the microwave nitridation of silicon process coupled with gas-pressure sintering for fabrication of parts for advanced diesel engines. The following conclusions can be made from the work performed under the CRADA: (1) Gelcasting is a viable method to fabricate SRBSN parts using Ceradyne Si mixtures. However, the technique requires further development prior to being put into commercial use. (2) Microwave heating can be utilized to nitride multiple SRBSN parts. Scale-up of the process to fabricate several kilograms of material (up to 6 kg) per furnace run was demonstrated.
Kiggans, J.O.; Mikijelj, B.; Tiegs, T.N.
Gas Generation Testing of Neptunium Oxide Generated Using the HB-Line Phase IIFlowsheet
The hydrogen (H{sub 2}) gas generation rate for neptunium dioxide (NpO{sub 2}) samples produced on a laboratory scale using the HB-Line Phase II flowsheet has been measured following exposure to 75% relative humidity (RH). As expected, the observed H{sub 2} generation rates for these samples increase with increasing moisture content. A maximum H{sub 2} generation rate of 1.8 x 10{sup -6} moles per day per kilogram (mol {center_dot} day{sup -1} kg{sup -1}) was observed for NpO{sub 2} samples with approximately one and one-half times (1 1/2 X) the expected specific surface area (SSA) for the HB-Line Phase II product. The SSA of NpO{sub 2} samples calcined at 650 C is similar to plutonium dioxide (PuO{sub 2}) calcined at 950 C according to the Department of Energy (DOE) standard for packaging and storage of PuO{sub 2}. This low SSA of the HB-Line Phase II product limits moisture uptake to less than 0.2 weight percent (wt %) even with extended exposure to 75% RH.
Duffey, J
Nevada test site underground storage tank number 12-13-1: Nevada division of emergency management case number H931130E corrective action unit 450. Closure report
The project site was identified as an abandoned Underground Storage Tank (UST) to be closed under the Department of Energy/Nevada Operations Office (DOE/NV) Environmental Restoration Division (ERD) Program during Fiscal Year 1993. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires that before permanent closure is completed an assessment of the site must take place. The Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP) requires assessment and corrective actions for a petroleum substance in the soil which exceeds 100 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg). Subsequent to the tank removal, a hydrocarbon release was identified at the site. The release was reported to the NDEP by DOE/NV on November 30, 1993. Nevada Division of Environmental Management (NDEM) Case Number H931130E was assigned. This final closure report documents the assessment and corrective actions taken for the hydrocarbon release identified at the site. The Notification of Closure, EPA Form 7530-1 dated March 22, 1994, is provided in Appendix A. A 45-day report documenting the notification for a hydrocarbon release was submitted to NDEP on April 6, 1994.
Achieve Continuous Injection of Solid Fuels into Advanced Combustion System Pressures
The overall objective of this project is the development of a mechanical rotary-disk feeder, known as the Stamet Posimetric High Pressure Solids Feeder System, to feed dry granular coal continuously and controllably into pressurized environments of up to 35 kg/cm{sup 2} (500 psi). This was to be accomplished in two phases. The first task was to review materials handling experience in pressurized operations as it related to the target pressures for this project, and review existing coal preparation processes and specifications currently used in advanced combustion systems. Samples of existing fuel materials were obtained and tested to evaluate flow, sealing and friction properties. This provided input data for use in the design of the Stamet Feeders for the project, and ensured that the material specification used met the requirements of advanced combustion & gasification systems. Ultimately, Powder River Basin coal provided by the PSDF facility in Wilsonville, AL was used as the basis for the feeder design and test program. Based on the material property information, a Phase 1 feeder system was designed and built to accomplish feeding the coal to an intermediate pressure up to 21 kg/cm{sup 2} (300 psi) at feed rates of approximately 100 kilograms (220lbs) per hour. The pump & motor system was installed in a custom built test rig comprising an inlet vessel containing an active live-wall hopper mounted in a support frame, transition into the pump inlet, transition from pump outlet and a receiver vessel containing a receiver drum supported on weigh cells. All pressure containment on the rig was rated for the final pressure requirement of 35 kg/cm{sup 2} (500psi). A program of testing and modification was carried out in Stamet's facility in CA, culminating in successful feeding of coal into the Phase 1 target of 21 kg/cm{sup 2} (300psi) gas pressure in December 2003. Further testing was carried out at CQ Inc's facility in PA, providing longer run times and experience of handling and feeding the coal in winter conditions. Based on the data developed through the testing of the Phase I unit, a Phase II system was designed for feeding coal into pressures of up to 35 kg/cm{sup 2} (500 psi). A further program of testing and modification was then carried out in Stamet's facility, with the target pressure being achieved in January 2005. Repeated runs at pressure were achieved, and optimization of the machine resulted in power reductions of 60% from the first successful pressure runs. General design layout of a commercial-scale unit was conducted, and preliminary cost estimates for a commercial unit obtained.
Derek L. Aldred; Timothy Saunders
The overall objective of this project is the development of a mechanical rotary-disk feeder, known as the Stamet Posimetric High Pressure Solids Feeder System, to demonstrate feeding of dry granular coal continuously and controllably into pressurized environments of up to 70 kg/cm2 (1,000 psi). This is the Phase III of the ongoing program. Earlier Phases 1 and II successfully demonstrated feeding into pressures up to 35 kg/cm{sup 2} (500 psi). The final report for those phases was submitted in April 2005. Based on the previous work done in Phases I & II using Powder River Basin coal provided by the PSDF facility in Wilsonville, AL, a Phase III feeder system was designed and built to accomplish the target of feeding the coal into a pressure of 70 kg/cm2 (1,000 psi) and to be capable of feed rates of up to 550 kilograms (1,200lbs) per hour. The drive motor system from Phase II was retained for use on Phase III since projected performance calculations indicated it should be capable of driving the Phase III pump to the target levels. The pump & motor system was installed in a custom built test rig comprising an inlet vessel containing an active live-wall hopper mounted on weigh cells in a support frame, transition into the pump inlet, transition from pump outlet and a receiver vessel containing a receiver drum supported on weigh cells. All pressure containment on the rig was rated to105 kg/cm{sup 2} (1,500psi) to accommodate the final pressure requirement of a proposed Phase IV of the program. A screw conveyor and batch hopper were added to transfer coal at atmospheric pressure from the shop floor up into the test rig to enable continuous feeding up to the capacity of the receiving vessel. Control & monitoring systems were up-rated from the Phase II system to cover the additional features incorporated in the Phase III rig, and provide closer control and expanded monitoring of the entire system. A program of testing and modification was carried out in Stamet's facility in CA, culminating in the first successful feeding of coal into the Phase III target of 70 kg/cm{sup 2} (1,000 psi) gas pressure in March 2007. Subsequently, repeated runs at pressure were achieved, and comparison of the data with Phase II results when adjusted for scale differences showed further power reductions of 40% had been achieved from the final Phase II pressure runs. The general design layout of a commercial-scale unit was conducted, and preliminary cost estimates made.
Engineering-Scale Liquid Cadmium Cathode Experiments
Recovery of transuranic actinides (TRU) using electrorefining is a process being investigated as part of the Department of Energy (DOE) Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI). TRU recovery via electrorefining onto a solid cathode is very difficult as the thermodynamic properties of transuranics are not favourable for them to remain in the metal phase while significant quantities of uranium trichloride exist in the electrolyte. Theoretically, the concentration of transuranics in the electrolyte must be approximately 106 greater than the uranium concentration in the electrolyte to produce a transuranic deposit on a solid cathode. Using liquid cadmium as a cathode contained within a LiCl-KCl eutectic salt, the co-deposition of uranium and transuranics is feasible because the activity of the transuranics in liquid cadmium is very small. Depositing transuranics and uranium in a liquid cadmium cathode (LCC) theoretically requires the concentration of transuranics to be two to three times the uranium concentration in the electrolyte. Three LCC experiments were performed in an Engineering scale elecdtrorefiner, which is located in the argon hot cell of the Fuel Conditioning Facility at the Materials and Fuels Complex on the Idaho National Laboratory. Figure 1 contains photographs of the LCC assembly in the hot cell prior to the experiment and a cadmium ingot produced after the first LCC test. Figure 1. Liquid Cadmium Cathode (left) and Cadmium Ingot (right) The primary goal of the engineering-scale liquid cadmium cathode experiments was to electrochemically collect kilogram quantities of uranium and plutonium via a LCC. The secondary goal was to examine fission product contaminations in the materials collected by the LCC. Each LCC experiment used chopped spent nuclear fuel from the blanket region of the Experimental Breeder Reactor II loaded into steel baskets as the anode with the LCC containing 26 kg of cadmium metal. In each experiment, between one and two kilograms of heavy metal was collected in the LCC after passing an integrated current over 500 amp hours. Analysis of samples from the liquid cadmium cathode ingots showed detectable amounts of transuranics and rare-earth elements. Acknowledgements K. B. Davies and D. M. Pace for the mechanical and electrical engineering needed to prepare the equipment for the engineering-scale liquid cadmium cathode experiments.
D Vaden; B. R. Westphal; S. X. Li; T. A. Johnson; K. B. Davies; D. M. Pace
Propulsion engineering study for small-scale Mars missions
Rocket propulsion options for small-scale Mars missions are presented and compared, particularly for the terminal landing maneuver and for sample return. Mars landing has a low propulsive {Delta}v requirement on a {approximately}1-minute time scale, but at a high acceleration. High thrust/weight liquid rocket technologies, or advanced pulse-capable solids, developed during the past decade for missile defense, are therefore more appropriate for small Mars landers than are conventional space propulsion technologies. The advanced liquid systems are characterize by compact lightweight thrusters having high chamber pressures and short lifetimes. Blowdown or regulated pressure-fed operation can satisfy the Mars landing requirement, but hardware mass can be reduced by using pumps. Aggressive terminal landing propulsion designs can enable post-landing hop maneuvers for some surface mobility. The Mars sample return mission requires a small high performance launcher having either solid motors or miniature pump-fed engines. Terminal propulsion for 100 kg Mars landers is within the realm of flight-proven thruster designs, but custom tankage is desirable. Landers on a 10 kg scale also are feasible, using technology that has been demonstrated but not previously flown in space. The number of sources and the selection of components are extremely limited on this smallest scale, so some customized hardware is required. A key characteristic of kilogram-scale propulsion is that gas jets are much lighter than liquid thrusters for reaction control. The mass and volume of tanks for inert gas can be eliminated by systems which generate gas as needed from a liquid or a solid, but these have virtually no space flight history. Mars return propulsion is a major engineering challenge; earth launch is the only previously-solved propulsion problem requiring similar or greater performance.
Whitehead, J.
Prototype Weigh-In-Motion Performance
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed and patented methods to weigh slowly moving vehicles. We have used this technology to produce a portable weigh-in-motion system that is robust and accurate. This report documents the performance of the second-generation portable weigh-in-motion prototype (WIM Gen II). The results of three modes of weight determination are compared in this report: WIM Gen II dynamic mode, WIM Gen II stop-and-go mode, and static (parked) mode on in-ground, static scales. The WIM dynamic mode measures axle weights as the vehicle passes over the system at speeds of 3 to 7 miles per hour (1.3 to 3.1 meters/second). The WIM stop-and-go mode measures the weight of each axle of the vehicle as the axles are successively positioned on a side-by-side pair of WIM measurement pads. In both measurement modes the center of balance (CB) and the total weight are obtained by a straight-forward calculation from axle weights and axle spacings. The performance metric is measurement error (in percent), which is defined as 100 x (sample standard deviation)/(average); see Appendix A for details. We have insufficient data to show that this metric is predictive. This report details the results of weight measurements performed in May 2005 at two sites using different types of vehicles at each site. In addition to the weight measurements, the testing enabled refinements to the test methodology and facilitated an assessment of the influence of vehicle speed on the dynamic-mode measurements. The initial test at the National Transportation Research Center in Knoxville, TN, involved measurements of passenger and light-duty commercial vehicles. A subsequent test at the Arrival/Departure Airfield Control Group (A/DACG) facility in Ft. Bragg, NC, involved military vehicles with gross weights between 3,000 and 75,000 pounds (1,356 to 33,900 kilograms) with a 20,000-pound (9,040 kilograms) limit per axle. For each vehicle, four or more separate measurements were done using each weighing mode. WIM dynamic, WIM stop-and-go, and static-mode scale measurements were compared for total vehicle weight and the weight of the individual axles. We made WIM dynamic mode measurements with three assemblages of weight-transducer pads to assess the performance with varying numbers (2, 4, and 6) of weigh pads. Percent error in the WIM dynamic mode was 0.51%, 0.37%, and 0.37% for total vehicle weight and 0.77%, 0.50%, and 0.47% for single-axle weight for the two-, four-, and six-pad systems, respectively. Errors in the WIM stop-and-go mode were 0.55% for total vehicle weight and 0.62% for single-axle weights. In-ground scales weighed these vehicles with an error of 0.04% (within Army specifications) for total vehicle weight, and an error of 0.86% for single-axle weight. These results show that (1) the WIM error in single-axle weight was less than that obtained from in-ground static scales; (2) the WIM system eliminates time-consuming manual procedures, human errors, and safety concerns; and (3) measurement error for the WIM prototype was less than 1% (within Army requirements for this project). All the tests were performed on smooth, dry, level, concrete surfaces. Tests under non-ideal surface conditions are needed (e.g., rough but level, sun-baked asphalt, wet pavement), and future work will test WIM performance under these conditions. However, we expect the performance will be as good as, if not better than, the present WIM performance. We recommend the WIM stop-and-go mode under non-ideal surface conditions. We anticipate no performance degradation, assuming no subsurface deformation occurs.
Abercrombie, Robert K [ORNL; Beshears, David L [ORNL; Hively, Lee M [ORNL; Scudiere, Matthew B [ORNL; Sheldon, Frederick T [ORNL
University of Missouri housinG 101
- consumer waste and is manufactured with electricity that is Green-e certified renewable energy: SoLID TrEES WaTEr EnErGy WaSTE GaSES 16 7,123 5 million 42 1,479 fully grown gallons BTU pounds pounds of CO2 as well as a high-energy 100-station cardio theater, more than 14,000 pounds of free weights, a 42-foot
Taylor, Jerry
DOE Electrolysis-Utility Integration Workshop Background Paper...
challenge for electrolysis to provide a significant portion of this fuel remains the high price of electricity. For every kilogram of hydrogen produced, 60-90% of the cost is...
Testing and Evaluation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells in Extreme Conditions...
that a pure oxygen-blown CPOX reformer integrated with a 30-cell Delphi Gen 3.2 SOFC stack showed a reactant-based specific energy of 4,900 kilojoules per kilogram for...
Fermilab Today
The CDMS collaboration found that if WIMPs have 100 times the mass of protons (about 100 GeVc2) they collide with one kilogram of germanium less than a few times per year;...
Differences of Random Variables
of woodscrews containing a variety of sizes for a local DIY store. The weight W (in kilograms) of boxes happen if the DIY store bought in similar products from different manufacturers. Before we can solve
Vickers, James
DOE-Idaho Operations Summary For May 12 to May 25, 2009
a key role in the successful removal of almost 74 kilograms of Russian-origin highly enriched uranium spent nuclear fuel from Kazakhstan and its return to a secure Russian...
An Analysis of Measures to Reduce the Life-Cycle Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of California's Personal Computers
2002). Estimating Carbon Dioxide Emissions Factors for thefactors for California of 9.2 megajoules per kilowatt-hour (MJ/kWh) and 0.4 kilograms of carbon dioxide
Horvath, A; Masanet, Eric
EA-1255: Project Partnership Transportation of Foreign-Owned...
This EA evaluates the environmental impacts for the proposal to transport 5.26 kilograms of enriched uranium-23 5 in the form of nuclear fuel, from the Republic of Georgia...
EA-1255: Final Environmental Assessment | Department of Energy
Fuel Cell-Powered Lift Truck FedEx Freight Fleet Deployment ...
over 90,000 hours of fuel cell operation by June * 30, 2012. Purchasing 29,240 kilograms of hydrogen by June 30, * 2012. Monitoring operating costs and reliability of * 40...
EMSL Quarterly Highlights Report, 1st Quarter Fiscal Year 2010
the subsurface at the Hanford Site in Washington State is estimated to hold 202,703 kilograms of uranium. Understanding how and when uranium migrates may aid in creating...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) - Sector
data were converted at 8.162674 barrels per metric ton. One metric ton equals 1,000 kilograms. bFor INFORUM, liquids demand data were converted from quadrillion Btus to barrels...
to the midpoint between the hands at the start of the lift. Determine the TLV in kilograms for the lifting task, as displayed in the table cell that corresponds to the...
It's Elemental - The Element Scandium
chemist, in 1879 while attempting to produce a sample of pure ytterbia from 10 kilograms of the mineral euxenite ((Y, Ca, Er, La, Ce, U, Th)(Nb, Ta, Ti)2O6). Scandium can be...
Brinell Hardness Testing
...D 2 - d 2 ) 1/2 ] where L is the load, in kilograms; D is the diameter of the ball, in millimeters; and d is the diameter of the indentation, in millimeters....
Coming to a Little Screen Near You: Copper Nanowires - Materials ...
Sep 23, 2011 ... Indium is also an expensive rare earth element, costing as much as $800 per kilogram. One alternative to an ITO film is to use inks containing�...
It's Elemental - The Element Protactinium
125 grams of 99.9% pure protactinium, although they had to process about 55,000 kilograms of ore and spend about 500,000 to get it. Protactinium's most stable isotope,...
it. The previous CDMS experiment, CDMS II, used 19 germanium disks weighing 0.25 kilograms each; SuperCDMS-Soudan, set to start taking data this summer, will use 15 germanium...
to be tested in the laboratory are not expected to weigh any more than a few thousand kilograms and consequently should not significantly alter the natural frequencies of floor...
EIA - AEO2012 Early Release Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Annual Energy Outlook 2012 (EIA)
use), and the carbon intensity of U.S. energy consumption falls from 57.4 to 53.8 kilograms per million Btu (6.3 percent). Over the same period, U.S. economic activity becomes...
A weekly review of scientific and technological achievements...
asteroids during periods of heavy bombardment may have been as high as 10 trillion kilograms per year, delivering up to several orders of magnitude greater mass of organics than...
--No Title--
of these catalysts is ongoing. In parallel, we are developing a pilot-scale ALD coating facility that will enable us to scale our catalyst manufacturing from grams to kilograms...
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - How Slow is Slow? EXO...
to happen and as few places to hide as possible. A detector chamber filled with 200 kilograms of liquid xenon takes care of the first strategic objective - the xenon has been...
Process Makes Al Strong as Steel - Materials Technology @ TMS
Sep 21, 2010... a thin disk of metal to a cylindrical anvil and pressing it against another anvil with a force of about 60,000 kilograms per square centimeter.
NNSA's Global Threat Reduction Initiative Completes First Plutonium...
was the first shipment of plutonium to the United States under this program. Over 3 kilograms of plutonium was removed and included Swedish, UK, and U.S. origin material stemming...
several authoritative sources, we can reasonably estimate that nearly half a billion kilograms of carbon dioxide are kept out of the atmosphere by shopping on-line," Miller said....
A Pioneering Method
be able to see them, but tiny airborne particles are everywhere. Tens of millions of kilograms of the smallest particles, known as PM2.5, float over a typical big city in the form...
Biological denitrification of high concentration nitrate waste
DOE Patents (OSTI)
Biological denitrification of nitrate solutions at concentrations of greater than one kilogram nitrate per cubic meter is accomplished anaerobically in an upflow column having as a packing material a support for denitrifying bacteria.
Francis, Chester W. (Oak Ridge, TN); Brinkley, Frank S. (Knoxville, TN)
NIST Guide to SI Units - Appendix A. Definitions of the SI Base ...
... that SI derived units are uniquely defined only in terms of SI base units; for example, 1 ... The kilogram is the unit of mass; it is equal to the mass of the ...
in the back of the van was a stand-in for a piece of precious cargo: the quartz bell jar that makes up the heart and soul of the 60-kilogram COUPP dark matter experiment....
1 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy
1 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy For the first time information-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy Between 1950 and 1963 approximately 11 million kilograms of mercury (Hg
NIST Global Standards Information Events
... next time you shop for frozen seafood, and the price per pound seems enticingly low, make sure that you are really getting a full 16 ounces of fish. ...
Site Environmental Report BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY
...........................................................................22 Water Quality Program.........................................24 Radiological Dose Assessment and approximately 2.2 million pounds of materials were reduced, recycled, or reused. short-term storage
Johnson, Peter D.
Domestic Uranium Production Report - Quarterly - Energy ...
Total anticipated uranium market requirements at U.S. civilian nuclear power reactors are 50 million pounds for 2013. 2. 1 2012 Uranium Marketing ...
Uranium Marketing Annual Report - Release Date: May 31, 2011
Table S1a. Uranium purchased by owners and operators of U.S. civilian nuclear power reactors, 1994-2012 million pounds U 3 O 8 equivalent
Theses and Dissertations *Haworth, E. A contribution to the geology of the Lead and MS Patrick?
with a capacity of distilling 100 pounds of coal or oil shale at a run. . . . A large down-draught kiln has been
Peterson, Blake R.
NIST Tech Beat, April 2000
... Pounds of Quartz Help Keep America Mighty. ... technologies such as low-power magnetic non ... A wind tunnel, dynamometer laboratory and altitude ...
Analysis of Purdue University Corn Stover Approximately10 pounds of corn stover, 1977 crop, grown in Tippecanoeof Purdue University Corn Stover 4
Wilke, C.R.
Lisle, Dong, and Isensee
... of the HCI site home page, hammers pounded, hands moved, electricity zapped, etc ... with lower level browsers, we provided a more basic version of ...
Recovering Foam from Scrapped Autos
material carpet padding and for reuse in automotive applications. Clean recycled foam sells for $0.25-0.30 per pound, compared with more than
... and local laws, all scales, gas pumps and ... $7.69 per pound its unit price in metric ... packages (those packages marked for wholesale and industrial ...
at a pressure of more than 90 pounds per square inch, along with pipelines used to carry petroleum products and coal... http:energy.govsavingspipelines-minnesota Rebate...
inverters, offering less weight, higher efficiency, and lower-cost installations.
to 10 pounds per square foot of dead weight to the roof structural members, concentrated throughinverters, offering less weight, higher efficiency, and lower- cost installations. The electrical
Johnson, Eric E.
CX-005320: Categorical Exclusion Determination | Department of...
CX-005320: Categorical Exclusion Determination 700100 Pounds Per Square Inch Compressor Additional Filtration Project CX(s) Applied: B2.5 Date: 02242011 Location(s):...
Argonne TDC: Vertec Biosolvents - Argonne National Laboratory
Ethyl Lactate Solvents: Low-Cost and Environmentally Friendly. Millions of pounds of toxic industrial solvents could be replaced by environmentally friendly solvents ...
The Greenness of Cities: Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Urban Development
carbon dioxide emissions index, we use conversion factors.conversion factor of pounds of carbon dioxide emitted perappropriate factors to arrive at carbon dioxide emissions.
Glaeser, Edward L.; Kahn, Matthew E.
Carbon Dioxide Uncontrolled Emission Factors Fuel EIA Fuel Code Source and Tables (As Appropriate) Factor (Pounds of CO2 Per Million Btu)*** Bituminous Coal BIT
An economic evaluation of the effectiveness of the Texas Pecan Checkoff Program.
??The Texas Pecan Board was established in 1998 to administer the Texas Pecan Checkoff Program and is financed through a one-half cent per pound assessment� (more)
Moore, Eli Del
CX-004246: Categorical Exclusion Determination | Department of...
Technology Laboratory Transport Reactor Development unit modification to provide a syngas slipstream at elevated conditions to enable separation of 100 pounds per day of...
underflo\\\\ stream produced Process waters from LFTC' s Rockand Occidental retort waters produced fractions pounds canTable 1. Simulated waters are produced in aqueous effluents
Fish, Richard H.
Experimentation and Measurement
... the following words: degree Fahrenheit; inch, foot, and mile; ounce, pound, and ton; pint, quart, and gallon; volt, ampere, and kilowatt hours; second ...
Novel nuclear magnetic resonance techniques for studying biological molecules
parameters by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance." J.and R. V. Pound. "Nuclear audiofrequency spectroscopy byresonant heating of the nuclear spin system." Phys. Rev. ,
Laws, David D.
Dr. Oliver Simpson Metallurgical Laboratory
5000 pound order for regular rotary fired SP beryllium oxide for AC Spark Plug Company, Flint, Michigan,, we have been .busv reviewring our production achodules and have now...
Consequences of Sprawl: Threats to California's Natural Environment and Human Health
Toxic Emmission Rates for Refineries in Ten Highest-Capacitycom- pounds emissions from refineries and service stations (the state�s petroleum refineries are located in densely
Goldman, Todd
U.S. Department of Energy OMB No. 1905-0160 U.S. Energy ...
ITEM 2: MILLING AND PROCESSING. Pounds U. 3. O. 8. Exploration: Beginning In-Process Inventory: Mining: Total Feed Source*: Milling: Concentrate Production: Processing:
cogeneration. Report. purchased steam (Code 113) to the nearest whole number of . million pounds. PART 4. REFINERY RECEIPTS OF CRUDE OIL BY METHOD OF ...
Safety Bulletin 2005-08: Safe Management of Mercury (Hg)
in quantities ranging from milliliters to over 100 pounds. Improper cleanup of one spill led to the contamination of four workers. Another 30 percent of those incidents involved...
Buildings Energy Data Book: 2.4 Residential Environmental Data
Buildings Energy Data Book (EERE)
(Pounds of CO2) Northeast Midwest South West National Space Heating Space Cooling Water Heating Refrigerator Other Appliances & Lighting Total Source(s): EIA, A Look at...
Award Recipient of the ENERGY STAR Challenge for Industry Bainbridge...
approximately 47 million inshell pounds of peanuts. The Bainbridge facility achieved the ENERGY STAR Challenge for Industry in 2010. This plant reached 16% reduction in energy...
U.S. Department of Energy U.S. Energy Information ...
Type: Rated Capacity: Operating Status: ITEM 2: PRODUCTION. Pounds U. 3. O. 8. October-2012. November-2012. ... FACILITY INFORMATION on Form EIA-851Q are NOT considered
Mississippi | Department of Energy
of pounds of pumpkins have turned from seasonal decorations to trash destined for compost heaps or landfills. But in Oakland, California, a public utility district are using...
Florida | Department of Energy
Life Cycle Analysis: Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ...
"ASTM Standard Inch-Pound Reinforcing Bars". http:www.crsi.orgrebarmetric.html. Davis, Leroy,(2007). Reference & Information: American Wire Gauge Cable Descriptions....
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of HIP PM 718
solution temperatures resulted in n~icrostructures uith less grain boundarq ... Fiftq pound heats of Alloy 718 nere made bq N- and Ar-atomization in the LGA.
Table 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source ...
gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kilowatthour; and purchased steam: 1,000 Btu/pound.
Annual Report on Technology Transfer: Approach and Plans ...
... four at the former Chernobyl nuclear power plant ... With funding from AIDEA, several seafood processors in ... 17 million pounds of waste dumped into ...
NETL Report format template
solution psia Pounds per square inch absolute PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene SCC Stress corrosion cracking SCE Saturated calomel electrode SSC Sulfide stress cracking TiDP Titanium...
Buildings Energy Data Book: 1.4 Environmental Data
debris represents approximately 3.2 pounds of debris per person per day in the U.S. EPAOSW, Estimating 2003 Building-Related Construction and Demolition Materials...
5 710 FIGURE 10. PRODUCTION COST BY MANUFACTURING COMPONENTmillion dollars. The production costs presented were basedper pound. The minimum production costs shifts to lower
Perez, Javier
Freshwater Shore Lines
banks are regularly scoured by freshets: or on lakes where high waves pound over a sandy beach; or on artificial reservoirs where the water levels fluctuate greatly because...
Dose Rates from Plutonium Metal and Beryllium Metal in a 9975 Shipping Container
A parametric study was performed of the radiation dose rates that might be produced if plutonium metal and beryllium metal were shipped in the 9975 shipping package. These materials consist of heterogeneous combinations plutonium metal and beryllium. The plutonium metal content varies up to 4.4 kilograms while the beryllium metal varies up to 4 kilograms. This paper presents the results of that study.
Nathan, S.J.
APS Alternative Fuel (Hydrogen) Pilot Plant - Monitoring System Report
The U.S. Department of Energy�s (DOE�s) Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity (AVTA), along with Electric Transportation Applications and Arizona Pubic Service (APS), is monitoring the operations of the APS Alternative Fuel (Hydrogen) Pilot Plant to determine the costs to produce hydrogen fuels (including 100% hydrogen as well as hydrogen and compressed natural gas blends) for use by fleets and other operators of advanced-technology vehicles. The hydrogen fuel cost data will be used as benchmark data by technology modelers as well as research and development programs. The Pilot Plant can produce up to 18 kilograms (kg) of hydrogen per day by electrolysis. It can store up to 155 kg of hydrogen at various pressures up to 6,000 psi. The dispenser island can fuel vehicles with 100% hydrogen at 5,000 psi and with blends of hydrogen and compressed natural gas at 3,600 psi. The monitoring system was designed to track hydrogen delivery to each of the three storage areas and to monitor the use of electricity on all major equipment in the Pilot Plant, including the fuel dispenser island. In addition, water used for the electrolysis process is monitored to allow calculation of the total cost of plant operations and plant efficiencies. The monitoring system at the Pilot Plant will include about 100 sensors when complete (50 are installed to date), allowing for analysis of component, subsystems, and plant-level costs. The monitoring software is mostly off-the-shelve, with a custom interface. The majority of the sensors input to the Programmable Automation Controller as 4- to 20-mA analog signals. The plant can be monitored over of the Internet, but the control functions are restricted to the control room equipment. Using the APS general service plan E32 electric rate of 2.105 cents per kWh, during a recent eight-month period when 1,200 kg of hydrogen was produced and the plant capacity factor was 26%, the electricity cost to produce one kg of hydrogen was $3.43. However, the plant capacity factor has been increasing, with a recent one-month high of 49%. If a plant capacity factor of 70% can be achieved with the present equipment, the cost of electricity would drop to $2.39 per kg of hydrogen. In this report, the power conversion (76.7%), cell stack (53.1%), and reverse osmosis system (7.14%) efficiencies are also calculated, as is the water cost per kg of hydrogen produced ($0.10 per kg). The monitoring system has identified several areas having the potential to lower costs, including using an reverse osmosis system with a higher efficiency, improving the electrolysis power conversion efficiency, and using air cooling to replace some or all chiller cooling. These activities are managed by the Idaho National Laboratory for the AVTA, which is part of DOE�s FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Program.
James Francfort; Dimitri Hochard
SRNL - News Room
Paves Way for Portable Power Systems Paves Way for Portable Power Systems ( PDF button Download printer-friendly, PDF version) SRNL Portable Power Research AIKEN, S.C. (January 9, 2012) - Developments by hydrogen researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) are paving the way for the successful development of portable power systems with capacities that far exceed the best batteries available today. SRNL's advances in the use of alane, a lightweight material for storing hydrogen, may be the key that unlocks the development of portable fuel cell systems that meet the needs for both military and commercial portable power applications. SRNL has demonstrated a practical path to portable power systems based on alane and similar high capacity hydrogen storage materials that provide the sought-after high specific energy, which means the amount of energy per weight. Their accomplishments to date include developing a lower-cost method of producing alane, developing a method to dramatically increase the amount of hydrogen it releases, and demonstrating a working system powering a 150 W fuel cell. Portable power equipment manufacturers are looking for systems that can provide specific energies greater than 1000 watt-hours per kilogram (Wh/kg); that's more than 2 to 3 times the capacity of the best primary lithium batteries today. "Higher specific energy means more energy per weight," said SRNL's Dr. Ted Motyka. "The goal is to provide sufficient energy to a system that is light enough to be carried by a soldier or used in unmanned aircraft and other applications where weight is a factor."
An Analysis of a Spreader Bar Crane Mounted Gamma-Ray Radiation Detection System
Over 95% of imports entering the United States from outside North America arrive via cargo containers by sea at 329 ports of entry. The current layered approach for the detection only scans 5% of cargo bound for the United States. This is inadequate to protect our country. This research involved the building of a gamma-ray radiation detection system used for cargo scanning. The system was mounted on a spreader bar crane (SBC) at the Port of Tacoma (PoT) and the applicability and capabilities of the system were analyzed. The detection system provided continuous count rate and spectroscopic data among three detectors while operating in an extreme environment. In a separate set of experiments, 60Co and 137Cs sources were positioned inside a cargo container and data were recorded for several count times. The Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) code was used to simulate a radioactive source inside an empty cargo container and the results were compared to experimentally recorded data. The detection system demonstrated the ability to detect 60Co, 137Cs, 192Ir, highly-enriched uranium (HEU), and weapons-grade plutonium (WGPu) with minimum detectable activities (MDA) of 5.9 � 0.4 microcuries (?Ci), 19.3 � 1.1 ?Ci, 11.7 � 0.6 ?Ci, 3.5 � 0.3 kilograms (kg), and 30.6 � 1.3 grams (g), respectively. This system proved strong gamma-ray detection capabilities, but was limited in the detection of fissile materials Additional details of this system are presented and advantages of this approach to cargo scanning over current approaches are discussed.
Grypp, Matthew D
An MHD heat source based on intermetallic reactions
The main objective of this program was the development of an MHD heat source of potential use in Space - Based Multi Megawatt, MHD Power Systems. The approach is based on extension of high temperature chemical/ion release technology developed by the General Sciences, Incorporated (GSI) team and successfully applied in other Space Applications. Solid state reactions have been identified which can deliver energy densities and electrons in excess of those from high energy explosives as well as other conventional fuels. The use of intermetallic reactions can be used to generate hot hydrogen plasma from the reaction, to create a high level of seedant ionization, can be packaged as a cartridge type fuels for discrete pulses. The estimated weight for energizing a (100 MW - 1000 sec) Pulsed MHD Power System can range from 12 to 25 {times} 10{sup 3} kg depending on reaction system and strength of the magnetic field. The program consisted of two major tasks with eight subtasks designed to systematically evaluate these concepts in order to reduce fuel weight requirements. Laboratory measurements on energy release, reaction product identification and levels of ionization were conducted in the first task to screen candidate fuels. The second task addressed the development of a reaction chamber in which conductivity, temperature and pressure were measured. Instrumentation was developed to measure these parameters under high temperature pulsed conditions in addition to computer programs to reduce the raw data. Measurements were conducted at GSI laboratories for fuel weights of up to 120 grams and at the Franklin Research Center* for fuel weights up to 1 kilogram. The results indicate that fuel weight can be scaled using modular packaging. Estimates are presented for fuel weight requirements. 15 refs.
Sadjian, H.; Zavitsanos, P. (General Sciences, Inc., Souderton, PA (United States)); Marston, C.H. (Villanova Univ., PA (United States))
Application of molten salt oxidation for the minimization and recovery of plutonium-238 contaminated wastes
Molten salt oxidation (MSO) is proposed as a {sup 238}Pu waste treatment technology that should be developed for volume reduction and recovery of {sup 238}Pu and as an alternative to the transport and permanent disposal of {sup 238}Pu waste to the WIPP repository. In MSO technology, molten sodium carbonate salt at 800--900 C in a reaction vessel acts as a reaction media for wastes. The waste material is destroyed when injected into the molten salt, creating harmless carbon dioxide and steam and a small amount of ash in the spent salt. The spent salt can be treated using aqueous separation methods to reuse the salt and to recover 99.9% of the precious {sup 238}Pu that was in the waste. Tests of MSO technology have shown that the volume of combustible TRU waste can be reduced by a factor of at least twenty. Using this factor the present inventory of 574 TRU drums of {sup 238}Pu contaminated wastes is reduced to 30 drums. Further {sup 238}Pu waste costs of $22 million are avoided from not having to repackage 312 of the 574 drums to a drum total of more than 4,600 drums. MSO combined with aqueous processing of salts will recover approximately 1.7 kilograms of precious {sup 238}Pu valued at 4 million dollars (at $2,500/gram). Thus, installation and use of MSO technology at LANL will result in significant cost savings compared to present plans to transport and dispose {sup 238}Pu TRU waste to the WIPP site. Using a total net present value cost for the MSO project as $4.09 million over a five-year lifetime, the project can pay for itself after either recovery of 1.6 kg of Pu or through volume reduction of 818 drums or a combination of the two. These savings show a positive return on investment.
Wishau, R.
Phys-068 Energy, Work, and Power revised \\Ch-01 Energy
Energy is a very important concept both in physics and in our world at large. Energy takes various forms. A massive truck traveling along the highway at a high speed has much kinetic energy; a water reservoir just above a dam contains significant gravitational potential energy; a tank of gasoline contains significant chemical energy; radio waves emitted from a broadcast antenna contain energy stored in the electric and magnetic fields. Energy can take on many forms but it is never created or destroyed. This is one of the fundamental laws of physics. We say that energy is conserved. Various forms of energy include heat, light, radio waves, translational kinetic energy, rotational kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, chemical energy, and electric potential energy. Even mass is a 2 form of energy as Einstein showed in his famous formula, E = mc. In this short tutorial I hope to present the basic energy concepts that you will need to consider practical problems involving building energy. This tutorial cannot hope to substitute for a physics course. 1. System of Units and Conversions In physics, work has a precise definition involving a force and distance. Scientists world wide have adapted a system of measurements called System International (SI). In this system length is measured in meters (m), mass in kilograms (kg), and time in seconds (s). The subset of the SI units which are commonly used in physics courses is called the MKS system (for meterkilogram-second). In SI units temperature is measured in Kelvin (K). A less well-known quantity is charge. The SI unit for quantity of charge is the Coulomb (C). One coulomb is equal to the total charge of 6.24 x 10 18 protons. Many other quantities are derived from these basic units and are given their own names. Below is a summary of the main quantities of interest in this course.
Continuous Process for Low-Cost, High-Quality YSZ Powder
This report describes results obtained by NexTech Materials, Ltd. in a project funded by DOE under the auspices of the Solid-State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA). The project focused on development of YSZ electrolyte powder synthesis technology that could be ''tailored'' to the process-specific needs of different solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) designs being developed by SECA's industry teams. The work in the project involved bench-scale processing work aimed at establishing a homogeneous precipitation process for producing YSZ electrolyte powder, scaleup of the process to 20-kilogram batch sizes, and evaluation of the YSZ powder products produced by the process. The developed process involved the steps of: (a) preparation of an aqueous hydrous oxide slurry via coprecipitation; (b) washing of residual salts from the precipitated hydroxide slurry followed by drying; (c) calcination of the dried powder to crystallize the YSZ powder and achieve desired surface area; and (d) milling of the calcined powder to targeted particle size. YSZ powders thus prepared were subjected to a comprehensive set of characterization and performance tests, including particle size distribution and surface area analyses, sintering performance studies, and ionic conductivity measurements. A number of different YSZ powder formulations were established, all of which had desirable performance attributes relative to commercially available YSZ powders. Powder characterization and performance metrics that were established at the onset of the project were met or exceeded. A manufacturing cost analysis was performed, and a manufactured cost of $27/kg was estimated based on this analysis. The analysis also allowed an identification of process refinements that would lead to even lower cost.
Scott L. Swartz; Michael Beachy; Matthew M. Seabaugh
Costs of electronuclear fuel production
The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) proposes to study the electronuclear fuel producer (EFP) as a means of producing fissile fuel to generate electricity. The main advantage of the EFP is that it may reduce the risks of nuclear proliferation by breeding /sup 233/U from thorium, thereby avoiding plutonium separation. A report on the costs of electronuclear fuel production based upon two designs considered by LASL is presented. The findings indicate that the EFP design variations considered are not likely to result in electricity generation costs as low as the uranium fuel cycle used in the US today. At current estimates of annual fuel output (500 kg /sup 233/U per EFP), the costs of electricity generation using fuel produced by the EFP are more than three times higher than generating costs using the traditional fuel cycle. Sensitivity analysis indicates that electronuclear fuel production would become cost competitive with the traditional uranium fuel cycle when U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ (yellowcake) prices approach $1000 per pound.
Flaim, T.; Loose, V.
A Cheap Levitating Gas/Load Pipeline
Design of new cheap aerial pipelines, a large flexible tube deployed at high altitude, for delivery of natural (fuel) gas, water and other payload over a long distance is delineated. The main component of the natural gas is methane which has a specific weight less than air. A lift force of one cubic meter of methane equals approximately 0.5 kg (1 pound). The lightweight film flexible pipeline can be located in air at high altitude and, as such, does not damage the environment. Using the lift force of this pipeline and wing devices payloads of oil, water, or other fluids, or even solids such as coal, cargo, passengers can be delivered cheaply at long distance. This aerial pipeline dramatically decreases the cost and the time of construction relative to conventional pipelines of steel which saves energy and greatly lowers the capital cost of construction. The article contains a computed project for delivery 24 billion cubic meters of gas and tens of million tons of oil, water or other payload per year.
Alexander Bolonkin
Bolonkin, Alexander
The PC (polluting computer): Forever a tragedy of the commons?
The portable computer or notebook has become an integral and even essential aspect of modern life. Year-in-year its price to the consumer falls while its performance grows, yet recent analysis suggests that pound-for-pound its environmental costs are ... Keywords: Efficiency, Green IT, Life cycle analysis (LCA), Notebook, Sustainability, Tragedy of the commons
Philip DesAutels; Pierre Berthon
...e ) ln linear-elastic fracture mechanics LEFM light-emitting diode LED length-to-diameter ratio L / D life cycle analysis (or assessment) LCA pound-force lbf pound lb length L liter; longitudinal direction; liquid L mean free path; length l kilowatt kW kilovolt kV kips (1000 lb) per square inch ksi kilopascal kPa...
...e ) ln linear-elastic fracture mechanics LEFM light-emitting diode LED length-to-diameter ratio L/D life cycle analysis (or assessment) LCA pound-force lbf pound lb length L liter; longitudinal direction; liquid L mean free path; length l kilowatt kW kilovolt kV kips (1000 lb) per square inch ksi kilopascal kPa...
Swine Finishing Manure Applied on Frozen Ground as a Top-Dress Nitrogen Source on Wheat
were similar in the manure and urea reps with approximately 15 plants per square foot. Urea cost was $0.65 per pound. Urea replications had $48.75 per acre in nitrogen expense plus the cost of application and field conditions supported the fertilizer buggy. The urea application rate was 75 pounds of nitrogen per
Jones, Michelle
Oak Ridge Removes Laboratory's Greatest Source of Groundwater...
soil that surrounded Tank W-1A. The 6,500-pound Tank W-1A is shipped away from ORNL. The 6,500-pound Tank W-1A is shipped away from ORNL. Workers remove the 4,000-gallon...
2009SiteEnvironmentalReport SUMMARYBROOKHAVENNATIONALLABORATORY
- vironmental Executive for reusing or recycling approximately 81,000 pounds of electronics. ENVIRONMENTAL reduced, recycled, or reused annually. The Laboratory also has an active and successful solid waste. Approximately 1,232 pounds of ozone-depleting refrigerants were recovered from refrigeration equipment for reuse
Energy notes: Energy in natural processes and human consumption, some numbers H A&S 220c Fall 2004 19x2004
19x2004 The average person in the US consumes 60 barrels of oil (2520 gallons) per year106 candy bar 106 barrel of crude oil (contains 42 gallons) 6.1x109 pound of coal 1.6 x 107 pound 1027 Solar power incident on earth 1017 Solar power avg. on U.S. 1015 Solar power consumed
Costs and Returns Trends in the Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Industry, 197178
Costs and Returns Trends in the Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Industry, 1971·78 JOHN P. WARREN and WADE L. GRIFFIN Figure I.-Total U.S. Gulf of Mexico shrimp landings: Volume (million pounds), value (million dollars), average price (cents/pound), and days fished (thousands), 1956-77. The Gulf of Mexico Shrimp
7 7 Table 4.10 Uranium Reserves, 1 2008 (Million Pounds Uranium Oxide) State Forward-Cost 2 Category (dollars 3 per pound) $50 or Less $100 or Less Total .................................................................................................................................... 539 1,227 Wyoming ......................................................................................................................... 220 446 New Mexico .................................................................................................................... 179 390 Arizona, Colorado, Utah ................................................................................................. 63 198 Texas
Formulation and Characterization of LX-17-2 from new FK 800 binder and WA, ATK, and BAE TATBs
Currently LLNL has no Kel-F 800 or wet-aminated TATB reserves for formulation. Although both materials are soon to be commercially available, their synthesis processes have changed and the explosive must be re-evaluated. In 2000 3M phased out the uses of perfluorooctanoyl (C8) derivatives due to environmental persistence and bioaccumulation issues. A C8 derivative was used as an emulsifier for making Kel F-800. In 2001 Kel F-800 was scheduled to be discontinued and the last Kel F-800 run was made in early 2002. LANL ordered 2M$ worth of Kel-F 800 for reserves and Pantex purchased several hundred pounds to satisfy mock needs. After four years, 3M has decided to introduce a Kel-F 800-like polymer based on a new emulsifier using the same chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride monomers and emulsion polymerization process. They have produced 3 batches and claim the 'new' FK-800 is indistinguishable from the 'old' Kel-F 800 in any of their testing parameters. In June-July 2006 3M scaled up a batch of about 800 pounds and have test quantities available. We have samples of the new FK-800 for evaluation. Neither wet nor dry-aminated TATB has been synthesized in the US in any significant quantity since about 1985 and significant quantities of LX-17-1 has not been formulated since about 1990. Over the last few years as part of a DOD MANTECH, ATK Thiokol and BAE Holston Army Ammunition Plant (HAAP) have produced moderate quantities of TATB ({approx}5 kg batches) with plans to scale up for DOD applications. Thiokol TATB is polycrystalline with an average particle size of about 40 m (similar to WA TATB) but HAAP TATB is only 5-6 {micro}m (similar to ultrafine). We have obtained small quantities of these materials for evaluation. The project (1) compares new FK-800 with old Kel-F 800 and FK-800 lots currently available at LLNL, (2) compares and characterizes new TATB with old TATB, (3) formulates new FK-800 with wet-aminated TATB and new TATBs in according to HAAP slurry coating procedure into LX-17-2, and (4) evaluates the mechanical and detonation performance characteristics of this insensitive high explosive (IHE). Priorities are to prove that these new materials can be formulated, pressed to density and machined; and that they contain no impurities which might cause compatibility issues. Since 3M, LANL, Pantex and AWE are currently evaluating the new FK-800, we plan to share data rather than repeating their work. Our effort is described.
DePiero, S C; Hoffman, D M
Final Status Survey for the Largest Decommissioning Project on Earth
To assist the United States Department of Energy's (US DOE's) re-industrialization efforts at its gaseous diffusion site in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, known as the East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP), the US DOE awarded a 6-year Decontamination and Decommissioning (D and D) contract to BNG America (formerly BNFL Inc.) in 1997. The ETTP 3-Building D and D Project included the removal and disposition of the materials and equipment from the K-33, K-31, and K-29 Gaseous Diffusion Plant buildings. The three buildings comprise more than 4.8 million square feet (446,000 square meters) of floor surface area and more than 350 million pounds (148 million kilograms) of hazardous and radioactively contaminated material, making it the largest nuclear D and D project in progress anywhere in the world. The logistical hurdles involved in a project of this scope and magnitude required an extensive amount of Engineering and Health Physics professionals. In order to accomplish the Final Status Survey (FSS) for a project of this scope, the speed and efficiency of automated survey equipment was essential. Surveys of floors, structural steel and ceilings up to 60 feet (18 meters) were required. The FSS had to be expanded to include additional remediation and surveys due to characterization surveys and assumptions regarding the nature and extent of contamination provided by the US DOE. Survey design and technical bases had to consider highly variable constituents; including uranium from depleted to low enrichment, variable levels of Technetium-99 and transuranic nuclides, which were introduced into the cascade during the 1960's when recycled uranium (RU) from Savannah River was re-enriched at the facility. The RU was transported to unexpected locations from leaks in the cascade by complex building ventilation patterns. The primary survey tool used for the post remediation and FSS was the Surface Contamination Monitor (SCM) and the associated Survey Information Management System (SIMS), developed by Shonka Research Associates, Inc. (SRA). Final Status Radiological surveys have been performed over the last year on a 24-hour per day and seven day per week basis. As many as eight SCMs have been in use at any one time. Each SCM can perform over 250,000 measurements per hour, simultaneously collecting both scan and static measurement requirements to meet FSS regulatory requirements. Thus, efficient management and quality control of giga-bytes of data was needed. In addition, some surveys were accomplished with traditional instrumentation and with some using other automated systems such as smear counters. The FSS Reports required integration of all of the data in a format that permitted undemanding verification by DOE using the ORISE/ESSAP IVT contractor. A project of this scope and magnitude could not have been accomplished without the use of the SCM and SIMS. This paper reports on the survey and logistical issues that required ingenuity of the entire 1,700-person workforce to resolve. In particular, this paper summarizes the issues addressed and resolved by the integrated team of survey technicians, subject matter experts (SMEs), radiological engineers, data processing staff and BNG America management. (authors)
Dubiel, R.W. [Millennium Services, Inc., 222 Creekstone Ridge, Woodstock, GA 30188 (United States); Miller, J. [BNG America, 804 S. Illinois Avenue, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 (United States); Quayle, D. [Shonka Research Associates, Inc., 704 S. Illinois Avenue, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 (United States)
Iodine kinetics and dosimetry in the salivary glands during repeated courses of radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer
Purpose: The present study was conducted to investigate salivary iodine kinetics and dosimetry during repeated courses of radioiodine ({sup 131}I) therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Such data could provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of {sup 131}I induced salivary toxicity and help to develop appropriate methods to reduce this injury. Methods: Seventy-eight consecutive DTC patients (mean age 45 {+-} 17 years, 60%, female) undergoing {sup 131}I therapy for remnant ablation or metastatic tumors were prospectively recruited. Planar quantitative scintigraphy of head-neck images was serially acquired after administration of 2.9-7.4 GBq of {sup 131}I to assess kinetics in the salivary glands of patients. Salivary absorbed doses were calculated based on the schema of Medical Internal Radiation Dosimetry. Results: The maximum uptakes in percentage of administered {sup 131}I activity per kilogram of gland tissue (%/kg) were 12.9% {+-} 6.5%/kg (range, 0.4%-37.3%/kg) and 12.3% {+-} 6.2%/kg (range, 0.4%-35.1%/kg) for the parotid and submandibular glands, respectively. Statistically significant correlations of maximum uptake versus cumulative activity (r = -0.74, P glands; r = -0.71, P glands) and treatment cycle (P gland types) were found. The effective half-lives of {sup 131}I in the parotid and submandibular glands were 9.3 {+-} 3.5 h (range, 1.5-19.8 h) and 8.6 {+-} 3.2 h (range, 0.8-18.0 h), respectively. A statistically significant correlation was observed between effective half-life with cumulative activity (r = 0.37, P glands. The calculated absorbed doses were 0.20 {+-} 0.10 mGy/MBq (range, 0.01-0.92 mGy/MBq) and 0.25 {+-} 0.09 mGy/MBq (range, 0.01-1.52 mGy/MBq) for the parotid and submandibular glands, respectively. The photon contribution to the salivary absorbed dose was minimal in relation to the beta dose contribution. Photon-absorbed dose fractions of total absorbed dose were 4.9% {+-} 1.3% (range, 1.1%-8.7%) and 3.7% {+-} 2.5% (range, 0.8%-7.9%) for the parotid and submandibular glands, respectively. Conclusions: The iodine uptake of salivary glands is continuously reduced during the courses of therapy. The phenomenon of hyper-radiosensitivity may to some extent account for the occurrence of salivary gland hypofunction at very low radiation doses with low dose rates in {sup 131}I therapy. On the other hand, failure to incorporate a nonuniform and preferential uptake by salivary gland ductal cells may result in underestimating the actual dose for the critical tissue. Other methods, including {sup 124}I voxel-based dosimetry, are warranted to further investigate the {sup 131}I-induced salivary gland toxicity.
Liu, B.; Huang, R.; Kuang, A.; Zhao, Z.; Zeng, Y.; Wang, J.; Tian, R. [Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041 (China)
equivalent 23.3 MJ 325 MJ Charcoal, kg. Soft coke, kg.Hard coke, kg. Coal, kg. Firewood, kg. Dungcakes, kg.Total ( a ) Firewood Charcoal Coke Coal Motor S p i r i t
Meier, Richard L.
Everyday Estimation
... 1300 kg, Small Automobile. 70 kg, Large Dog (Great Dane). 10 kg, Bicycle. 5 kg, Cat. 850 g, Baseball Bat. 270 g, NCAA Volleyball. 150 g, Cell Phone ...
Immobilization of Rocky Flats Graphite Fines Residues
The Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) is developing an immobilization process for graphite fines residues generated during nuclear materials production activities at the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site (Rocky Flats). The continued storage of this material has been identified as an item of concern. The residue was generated during the cleaning of graphite casting molds and potentially contains reactive plutonium metal. The average residue composition is 73 wt percent graphite, 15 wt percent calcium fluoride (CaF2), and 12 wt percent plutonium oxide (PuO2). Approximately 950 kilograms of this material are currently stored at Rocky Flats. The strategy of the immobilization process is to microencapsulate the residue by mixing with a sodium borosilicate (NBS) glass frit and heating at nominally 700 degrees C. The resulting waste form would be sent to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) for disposal. Since the PuO2 concentration in the residue averages 12 wt percent, the immobilization process was required to meet the intent of safeguards termination criteria by limiting plutonium recoverability based on a test developed by Rocky Flats. The test required a plutonium recovery of less than 4 g/kg of waste form when a sample was leached using a nitric acid/CaF2 dissolution flowsheet. Immobilization experiments were performed using simulated graphite fines with cerium oxide (CeO2) as a surrogate for PuO2 and with actual graphite fines residues. Small-scale surrogate experiments demonstrated that a 4:1 frit to residue ratio was adequate to prevent recovery of greater than 4 g/kg of cerium from simulated waste forms. Additional experiments investigated the impact of varying concentrations of CaF2 and the temperature/heating time cycle on the cerium recovery. Optimal processing conditions developed during these experiments were subsequently demonstrated at full-scale with surrogate materials and on a smaller scale using actual graphite fines.In general, the recovery of cerium from the full-scale waste forms was higher than for smaller scale experiments. The presence of CaF2 also caused a dramatic increase in cerium recovery not seen in the small-scale experiments. However, the results from experiments with actual graphite fines were encouraging. A 4:1 frit to residue ratio, a temperature of 700 degrees C, and a 2 hr heating time produced waste forms with plutonium recoveries of 4 plus/minus 1 g/kg. With an increase in the frit to residue ratio, waste forms fabricated at this scale should meet the Rocky Flats product specification. The scale-up of the waste form fabrication process to nominally 3 kg is expected to require a 5:1 to 6:1 frit to residue ratio and maintaining the waste form centerline temperature at 700 degrees C for 2 hr.
Rudisill, T. S.
Textile drying using solarized can dryers to demonstrate the application of solar energy to industrial drying or dehydration processes, Phase II. Final report
This program has resulted in the installation of a solar energy collection system for providing process heat to a textile drying process. The solar collection subsystem uses 700 square meters (7500 square feet) of parabolic trough, single-axis tracking, concentrating collectors to heat water in a high temperature water (HTW) loop. The solar collectors nominally generate 193/sup 0/C (380/sup 0/F) water with the HTW loop at 1.9 x 10/sup 6/ Pa (275 psi). A steam generator is fueled with the HTW and produces 450 kg/hour (1000 pounds per hour) of process steam at the nominal design point conditions. The solar-generated process steam is at 0.5 x 10/sup 6/ Pa (75 psi) and 160/sup 0/C (321/sup 0/F). It is predicted that the solar energy system will provide 1.2 x 10/sup 6/ MJ/year (1.1 x 10/sup 9/ Btu/year) to the process. This is 46 percent of the direct isolation available to the collector field during the operational hours (300 days/year of the Fairfax mill. The process being solarized is textile drying using can dryers. The can dryers are part of a slashing operation in a WestPoint Pepperell mill in Fairfax, Alabama. Over 50 percent of all woven goods are processed through slashers and dried on can dryers. The collectors were fabricated by Honeywell at a pilot production facility in Minneapolis, Minnesota, under a 3000-square-meter (32,000-square-foot) production run. The collectors and other system components were installed at the site by the Bahnson Service Company and their subcontractors, acting as the project general contractor. System checkout and start-up was conducted. Preliminary system performance was determined from data collected during start-up. System design, fabrication and installation, data analysis, operation and maintenance procedures, and specifications and drawings are presented.
Mitchell, P.D.; Beesing, M.E.; Bessler, G.L.
Fuel Mix and Emissions Disclosure
Iowa adopted regulations in 2003 that generally require rate-regulated electric utilities to disclose to customers the fuel mix and estimated emissions, in pounds per megawatt-hour (MWh), of...
DOE-HDBK-1169-2003; DOE Handbook Nuclear Air Cleaning Handbook
DOE TECHNICAL STANDARDS NOVEMBER 2003 TS INCH-POUND DOE-HDBK-1169-2003 DOE HANDBOOK NUCLEAR AIR CLEANING HANDBOOK U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 DISTRIBUTION...
Microsoft Word - front_and_summary.doc
inch psig pounds per square inch gauge PV photovoltaic RFP Request for Proposal ROW right-of-way RSF Research Support Facilities S&TF Science and Technology Facility SERF Solar...
Geek-Up: K East Reactor Demolition, Retrograde Melting and Cloud...
lead-ions, courtesy the ALICE experiment at CERN Geek-Up11.05.10: Quark Gluon Plasma, Solar-Power Generating Windows and CCS Field Studies Geek-Up: 350,000 Pounds of Paper,...
Total production of uranium concentrate in the United States
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Article DirectoryArticle Directory Free Online Article Directory
, As Much As 9 Pounds Per Week in 2 Simple Steps. GE Gas Turbines ecomagination.com/GE_Gas_Turbines GE heavy duty gas turbine consumes less fuel and emit lower emissions. Free Weight Loss Seminar www
News and Events
Uranium Production World uranium production in 2001 was 35,767 metric tons or 78.9 million pounds. more facts >> Mailing List Signup Receive e-mail updates about this project and...
Table 9. Summary production statistics of the U.S. uranium ...
Mine Production of Uranium (million pounds U 3O 8) ... 1993-2002-Uranium Industry Annual 2002 (May 2003), Table H1 and Table 2. 2003-2010-Form ...
b r o o k h a v e n n a t i o n a l l a b o r a t o r y 2007 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT
and approximately 14.6 million pounds of materials being reduced, recycled, or reused. The Laboratory also has Projects...............19 Water Quality Surveillance ............................19 Radiological Dose Assessment ......................20 Natural Resource Monitoring........................21 Quality Assurance
Guinea Pigs and Hamsters
of a hundred pounds and is the world' s largest living rodent. The Inca Indians of Peru domesticated the guinea pig and used it for food long before the discovery of America....
Abbreviations and Symbols
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Deep Energy Retrofits-Eleven California Case Studies
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Ferrell, G.C.
Recycle : resource recovery in Belmont Massachusetts
A potential threat to the earth's ecosystem and the people and animals living here is improper disposal of trash. The average American throws away 3.5 pounds of trash daily. While we have focused our concerns on the arms ...
Milliken, David Gayley
The Mathematics of Estimation: Possibilities for Interdisciplinary ...
approximately 456 pounds of waste per person per day! This scaled down but ... is lower than that of 456 lbs of trash that we discussed in class. It is. 240 000. 1.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 34253442, 2009 www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/3425/2009/
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Meskhidze, Nicholas
94 IAEI NEWS November.December 2008 www.iaei.org a top to bottom perspective on a pv system
by professional engineers. PV arrays may add up to 45 pounds per square foot of dead weight to the roof struc inverters (lower cost, less weight, higher efficiency) (NEC 690.35). Although the electrical connectors
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15-year life, has no embrittlement, and produces 50 standard cubic feet per hour per square foot (scfhft 2 ) of ultra high purity hydrogen at P 200 pounds per square inch...
CX-005904: Categorical Exclusion Determination
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Energy Efficiency & Environmental News: Practical Uses of Solar Energy 1 Florida Energy Extension Service and Mike West 2 PRACTICAL USES OF SOLAR ENERGY
You can put solar energy to work for you and save energy and money. Switching to solar helps protect Florida�s beautiful and delicate environment, and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. Today, there are three practical uses of solar energy for the homeowner: pool heating, hot water, and electricity for remote locations. Less use of electric power generated from fossil fuels means less greenhouse gas and acid rain emissions. Every kWh saved eliminates 1.5 pounds of carbon dioxide, 0.2 pounds of sulfur dioxide, 0.25 pounds of carbon monoxide, and 0.01 pounds of nitrogen oxide emissions. To purchase solar systems, consult a local contractor. Many communities are served by an energy conservation or solar contractor. Check the yellow pages under "Solar
Recreating the Strength of Diamonds
momentum, inductance L "Low torque" state LL "Lower than low" torque state lb. Pounds LED Light emitting diode m Meters m Azimuthal wavenumber, spherical harmonic order xv #12;MHz Megahertz MOSFET Metal oxide
pounds or approximately 500 cups per person per year -- about half of the world's total crop. The Boston Tea Party which touched off the Revolutionary War caused our rebellious...
How much carbon dioxide is produced by burning gasoline and ...
How much carbon dioxide is produced by burning gasoline and diesel fuel? About 19.64 pounds of carbon dioxide (CO 2) are produced from burning a gallon of gasoline ...
Demolitions Produce Recyclable Materials for Organization Promoting Economic Activity
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February news
1,450 pounds per MWh. PSEG also committed 1.5 million to NJDEP to assist in developing landfill gas projects, and will implement a 300 million, ten year program to reduce NO x...
Weight of DOE DUF6 Inventory The 704,000 metric tons of uranium hexafluoride in the Department's inventory is over 1.5 BILLION pounds For comparison, the Great Pyramid of Egypt...
Pet Waste Management
About 1 million pounds of dog waste is deposited daily in North Texas alone. That's why proper disposal of pet waste can make a big difference in the environment. 5 photos, 2 pages
Mechell, Justin; Lesikar, Bruce J.
Superalloy Recycling 1976-1986
Jul 1, 2008... and 10 pct (5.5 million pounds) was sold to refineries. The average element content of superalloy scrap processed in 1986 was about 44 pct�...
U.S. Representative Cleaver congratulates KCP employees for safety...
moved a wide range of equipment including tools weighing as little as six ounces to a milling machine weighing 87,000 pounds. By the end of the move in August 2014, about 3,000...
Energy Efficiency Report--Glossary
Thermal Unit (Btu): The quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit at or near 39.2 degrees Fahrenheit. Census Region: A geographic...
Comparison of Powder Processing Methods
Table 5 Application of powder processing methods...wrought Greater than wrought Equal to wrought Price per pound $0.50�??5.00 $1�??10 >$100 $1�??5...
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Partnerships and Technology Transfer
... 12-volt, deep-cycle batteries. Among the vehicle�s other features are motorcycle-style parts, one set of handlebars, a 5-foot-pound motor running the back ...
51 - 4360 of 11,722 results. Article EM Rockets Past Target for Donations to Stock Food Banks WASHINGTON, D.C. - EM donated close to 50,000 pounds of non-perishable items to the...
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1 of 12 Day 12: Drive Your Way to Fuel Savings Save money on fuel costs by emptying your car after all your shopping trips -- an extra 100 pounds in your vehicle could increase gas...
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services respond to market trends by Steven Blank, Karenyears, there has been a trend in California from harvesting1,300 pounds or more. This trend is influencing how hay-
Blank, Steven; Klonsky, Karen; Fuller, Kate
EDS V25 containment vessel explosive qualification test report.
The V25 containment vessel was procured by the Project Manager, Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel (PMNSCM) as a replacement vessel for use on the P2 Explosive Destruction Systems. It is the first EDS vessel to be fabricated under Code Case 2564 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, which provides rules for the design of impulsively loaded vessels. The explosive rating for the vessel based on the Code Case is nine (9) pounds TNT-equivalent for up to 637 detonations. This limit is an increase from the 4.8 pounds TNT-equivalency rating for previous vessels. This report describes the explosive qualification tests that were performed in the vessel as part of the process for qualifying the vessel for explosive use. The tests consisted of a 11.25 pound TNT equivalent bare charge detonation followed by a 9 pound TNT equivalent detonation.
Rudolphi, John Joseph
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Huston, N.E.
Company Name: Preparer Name: Company Address: Preparer Title...
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Uranium Feed, Enrichment Services, Uranium Loaded In 2011, COOs delivered 51 million pounds U 3 O 8 e of natural uranium feed to U.S. and foreign enrichers. Fifty-
transfer of more than 45 metric tons (or approximately 100,000 pounds) of highly enriched uranium from Y-12 to the United States Enrichment Corporation. BWXT's Nuclear Products...
Revised May 2013 Faculty of Graduate Studies Website
commercial relevance con- ducted in collaboration with industry. The Program offers opportunities for study of intermetallic com- pounds, piezoelectric ceramics, ceramic processes and properties, corrosion, composite are funded by national and international granting agencies, industry, and government organisations. Graduate
Brownstone, Rob
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Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (EERE)
in a tank at a pressure of 3,000 to 3,600 pounds per square inch. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is super- cooled and stored in its liquid phase at -260F in special insulated tanks....
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and Unit 5 tested for one hour * Units performed as designed, however, the mortality of fish occurred during the tests * Approximately 2,000 pounds of fish were killed * Kansas...
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Florida. NASA's newest Mars rover is powered by a Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermal Generator made up of just more than 10 pounds of plutionium-238, and NNSA personnel...
Property:History | Open Energy Information
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Identification and Assessment of Food Waste Generators in Hawaii
tight. In the final analysis, the customer is interested in cost per pound of material and the cost a use are as a sand sub stitute in concrete, as mulch or soil conditioner, as a substitute of wood
Clean Cities Guide to Alternative Fuel Commercial Lawn Equipment...
www.hustlerturf.comfind-a-dealer.html Zeon - - Cutting Deck Size: 42 in. - - Propulsion: Hydro-Gear, 48 V, 82 foot-pound maximum torque - - MSRP: 6,999 - - Basic Commercial...
Hanford Firefighters Compete in Combat Challenge | Department of Energy
Firefighters Compete in Combat Challenge Firefighters Compete in Combat Challenge Hanford Firefighters Compete in Combat Challenge October 30, 2013 - 12:00pm Addthis Hanford Fire Department Lt. Anthony Lovato, Jr. (left) urges his teammate, Capt. Sean Barajas, to carry the 175-pound life-sized dummy across the finish line at the Scott Firefighter Combat Challenge in Everett, Wash. Hanford Fire Department Lt. Anthony Lovato, Jr. (left) urges his teammate, Capt. Sean Barajas, to carry the 175-pound life-sized dummy across the finish line at the Scott Firefighter Combat Challenge in Everett, Wash. Hanford Fire Department Lt. Anthony Lovato, Jr. performs the 40-pound tower hoisting leg of the Scott Firefighter Combat Challenge in Everett, Wash. Hanford Fire Department Lt. Anthony Lovato, Jr. performs the 40-pound tower
NETL: Features - February 2010
0 0 All Walled Up and No Place to Go: Large-Scale Geologic Sequestration Successes Put Carbon Dioxide in Its Place Jan Baptist Van Helmont Jan Baptist Van Helmont, the 17th-century scientist who first observed CO2. It is the mid-17th century. Jan Baptist Van Helmont, a Belgian chemist, places a carefully measured 62 pounds of coal into a basin, which he ignites, covers, and allows to burn. When the fire has at last smoldered down to nothing but ash and embers, Van Helmont measures the remains and finds not the expected 62 pounds he had started with, but rather one lonely pound of debris. In his treatise, he declares that "the 61 remaining pounds are the wild spirit." This entity, "which can neither be contained by Vessels, nor reduced into a visible body," he labels "the
Uranium Overview Production and Trade, 1949-2011 Production and Trade, 2011 Inventories, End of Year 1981-2011 Average Prices, 1981-2011 274 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011 Purchased Imports Purchased Imports Domestic Purchases 1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. Note: See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary. Source: Table 9.3. 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 0 25 50 75 Million Pounds Uranium Oxide Export Sales Domestic Concentrate Production 4 54 17 Domestic Purchased Imports Export Sales 0 20 40 60 Million Pounds Uranium Oxide Concentrate Production 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 50 100 150 200 Million Pounds Uranium Oxide Total 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Dollars¹ per Pound Uranium Oxide
Uranium Marketing Annual Report - Energy Information Administration
Uranium Marketing Annual Report Uranium Marketing Annual Report With Data for 2012 | Release Date: May 16, 2013 | Next Release Date: May 2014 | full report Previous uranium marketing annual reports Year: 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Go Uranium purchases and prices Owners and operators of U.S. civilian nuclear power reactors ("civilian owner/operators" or "COOs") purchased a total of 58 million pounds U3O8e (equivalent1) of deliveries from U.S. suppliers and foreign suppliers during 2012, at a weighted-average price of $54.99 per pound U3O8e. The 2012 total of 58 million pounds U3O8e increased 5 percent compared with the 2011 total of 55 million pounds U3O8e. The 2012 weighted-average price of
2012 Domestic Uranium Production Report
2. U.S. uranium mine production and number of mines and sources, 2003-2012" 2. U.S. uranium mine production and number of mines and sources, 2003-2012" "Production / Mining Method",2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012 "Underground" "(estimated contained thousand pounds U3O8)","W","W","W","W","W","W","W","W","W","W" "Open Pit" "(estimated contained thousand pounds U3O8)",0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 "In-Situ Leaching" "(thousand pounds U3O8)","W","W",2681,4259,"W","W","W","W","W","W" "Other1" "(thousand pounds U3O8)","W","W","W","W","W","W","W","W","W","W"
10. Uranium reserve estimates at the end of 2012" 10. Uranium reserve estimates at the end of 2012" "million pounds U3O8" "Uranium Reserve Estimates1 by Mine and Property Status, Mining Method, and State(s)","Forward Cost 2" ,"$0 to $30 per pound","$0 to $50 per pound","$0 to $100 per pound" "Properties with Exploration Completed, Exploration Continuing, and Only Assessment Work","W","W",101.956759 "Properties Under Development for Production","W","W","W" "Mines in Production","W",21.40601,"W" "Mines Closed Temporarily and Closed Permanently","W","W",133.139239 "In-Situ Leach Mining","W","W",128.576534
The Honorable Spencer Abraham
The Honorable Spencer Abraham The Honorable Spencer Abraham April 26,2001 Page 2 1992-99 Energy Efficiency & CO, Emissions Trends. We track performance from 1992 because in that year our survey began to request data on "pounds of production", which we use as an output metric. Analysis of our survey results indicates energy efficiency (measured as Btus consumed per pound of product produced) improved an average of 3-3% per year since 1992, or a total of 2l1%. CO, efficiency (measured as pounds of CO, emitted per pound of product produced) improved an average of 3.8% per year since 1992, or a total of 23.7%. (As before, CO, emissions include emissions from purchased electricity.) 1990-99 Energy Efficiency & CO, Emissions Trends. The Council also tracks energy efficiency
Reduce Climate Change
Reduce Climate Change Reduce Climate Change Highway vehicles release about 1.5 billion metric tons of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere each year-mostly in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2)-contributing to global climate change. Each gallon of gasoline you burn creates 20 pounds of CO2. That's roughly 5 to 9 tons of CO2 each year for a typical vehicle. more... How can a gallon of gasoline create 20 pounds of carbon dioxide? It seems impossible that a gallon of gasoline, which weighs about 6.3 pounds, could produce 20 pounds of carbon dioxide (CO2) when burned. However, most of the weight of the CO2 doesn't come from the gasoline itself, but the oxygen in the air. When gasoline burns, the carbon and hydrogen separate. The hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water (H2O), and carbon combines with oxygen
Energy Conservation in Existing Olefins Plants
The manufacture of olefins in a modern steam cracking plant consumes a great deal of energy. Depending upon the feedstock, between 6000 and 12000 BTU per pound of ethylene produced is required. In older designs, those designed prior to the first OPEC oil embargo, energy requirements are even higher. A pre-1973 design would consume 50 to 100 percent more BTU's per pound of ethylene product produced.
DeHaan, S.
Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 342: Area 23 Mercury Fire Training Pit Nevada Test Site, Nevada
The purpose of this Closure Report (CR) is to provide documentation of the completed corrective action and to provide data confirming the corrective action. The corrective action was performed following the approved Corrective Action Plan (CAP) (U.S. Department of Energy [DOE], 1999b) and consisted of closure-in-place with partial excavation, disposal, backfilling, administrative controls, and post-closure monitoring. Soil with petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations above the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP) Action Level of 100 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) (Nevada Administrative Code, 1996) was removed to a depth of 1.5 meters (m) (5 feet [ft]). The excavations were backfilled with clean fill to restore the site and to prevent contact with deeper, closed-in-place soil that exceeded the NDEP Action Level. According to the Corrective Action Investigation Plan (CAIP) (DOE, 1998), the Mercury Fire Training Pit was used from approximately 1965 to the early 1990s to train fire-fighting and emergency response personnel at the NTS and encompasses an area approximately 85 by 115 m (280 by 380 ft). The location of the Mercury Fire Training Pit is shown in Figure 1 and a site plan is shown in Figure 2. The Mercury Fire Training Pit formerly included a bermed bum pit with four small bum tanks; four large above ground storage tanks (ASTS); an overturned bus, a telephone pole storage area; and several areas for burning sheds, pallets, and cables. During the active life of the Mercury Fire Training Pit, training events were conducted at least monthly and sometimes as often as weekly. Fuels burned during these events included off-specification or rust-contaminated gasoline, diesel, and aviation fuel (JP-4). Other items burned during these events included paint, tires, a pond liner, wood, paper, cloth, and copper cable. Approximately 570 liters (L) (150 gallons [gal]) of fuel were used for each training event resulting in an approximate total of 136,000 L (36,000 gal) of fuel used over the life of the Mercury Fire Training Pit. Unburned fuel was allowed to pool on the ground and was left to eventually volatilize or soak into the soil. In addition, fuels from the ASTS and fuels and fluids from the overturned bus leaked or spilled onto the ground. Approximately 19 L to 38 L (5 to 10 gal) of paint were also burned monthly until sometime in the 1970s.
C. M. Obi
Leveling Intermittent Renewable Energy Production Through Biomass Gasification-Based Hybrid Systems
The increased use of intermittent renewable power in the United States is forcing utilities to manage increasingly complex supply and demand interactions. This paper evaluates biomass pathways for hydrogen production and how they can be integrated with renewable resources to improve the efficiency, reliability, dispatchability, and cost of other renewable technologies. Two hybrid concepts were analyzed that involve co-production of gaseous hydrogen and electric power from thermochemical biorefineries. Both of the concepts analyzed share the basic idea of combining intermittent wind-generated electricity with a biomass gasification plant. The systems were studied in detail for process feasibility and economic performance. The best performing system was estimated to produce hydrogen at a cost of $1.67/kg. The proposed hybrid systems seek to either fill energy shortfalls by supplying hydrogen to a peaking natural gas turbine or to absorb excess renewable power during low-demand hours. Direct leveling of intermittent renewable electricity production is accomplished with either an indirectly heated biomass gasifier, or a directly heated biomass gasifier. The indirect gasification concepts studied were found to be cost competitive in cases where value is placed on controlling carbon emissions. A carbon tax in the range of $26-40 per metric ton of CO{sub 2} equivalent (CO{sub 2}e) emission makes the systems studied cost competitive with steam methane reforming (SMR) to produce hydrogen. However, some additional value must be placed on energy peaking or sinking for these plants to be economically viable. The direct gasification concept studied replaces the air separation unit (ASU) with an electrolyzer bank and is unlikely to be cost competitive in the near future. High electrolyzer costs and wind power requirements make the hybridization difficult to justify economically without downsizing the system. Based on a direct replacement of the ASU with electrolyzers, hydrogen can be produced for $0.27 premium per kilogram. Additionally, if a non-renewable, grid-mix electricity is used, the hybrid system is found to be a net CO{sub 2}e emitter.
Dean, J.; Braun, R.; Penev, M.; Kinchin, C.; Munoz, D.
Anion retention in soil: Possible application to reduce migration of buried technetium and iodine
This report summarizes a literature review of our present knowledge of the anion exchange properties of a number of soils and minerals, which may potentially be used as anion exchangers to retard migration of such anions as iodide (I{sup {minus}}), iodate (IO{sub 3}{sup {minus}}) and pertechnetate (TcO{sub 4}{sup {minus}}) away from disposal site. The amorphous clays allophane and imogolite, are found to be among the most important soil components capable of developing appreciable amounts of positive charge for anion exchange even at about neutral pH. Decreases in the SiO{sub 2}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} ratio and soil pH result in an increase in soil AEC. Allophane and imogolite rich soils have an AEC ranging from 1 to 18 meq/100g at pH about 6. Highly weathered soils dominated by Fe and Al oxides and kaolinite may develop a significant amount of AEC as soil pH falls. The retention of iodine (I) and technetium ({Tc}), by soils is associated with both soil organic matter, and Fe and Al oxides, whereas sorption on layer silicate minerals in negligible. Fe and Al oxides become more important in the retention of anionic I{sup {minus}}, IO{sub 3}{sup {minus}}, and TcO{sub 4}{sup {minus}} as pH falls, since more positive charge is developed on the oxide surfaces. Although few studies, if any, have been conducted on I and {Tc} sorption by soil allophane and imogolite, it is estimated that a surface plough soil (2 million pounds soil per acre) with 5 meq/100g AEC, as is commonly found in andisols, shall retain approximately 5900 kg I and 4500 kg {Tc}. It is conceivable that an anion exchanger such as an andisol could be used to modify the near field environment of a radioactive waste disposal facility. This whole disposal system would then offer similar migration resistance to anions as is normally afforded to cations by usual and normal soils. 93 refs., 10 figs., 7 tabs.
Gu, B.; Schulz, R.K. (California Univ., Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Soil Science)
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6) are used in a wide variety of applications ranging from aerosol cans to industrial refrigeration and electrical systems which may contain thousands of kilograms of these substances. The paper at hand describes the uses and emission sources of these gases
Feasibility Study of Hydrogen Production from Existing Nuclear Power Plants Using Alkaline Electrolysis
The mid-range industrial market currently consumes 4.2 million metric tons of hydrogen per year and has an annual growth rate of 15% industries in this range require between 100 and 1000 kilograms of hydrogen per day and comprise a wide range of operations such as food hydrogenation, electronic chip fabrication, metals processing and nuclear reactor chemistry modulation.
Dana R. Swalla
: The milita- rization of space could create a permanent halo of orbiting debris that will interfere's Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in Paris. About 3 million kilograms of debris (roughly 6- trackable debris smaller than a marble that orbits at around 17,000 miles per hour, 10 times faster than
California at Santa Cruz, University of
Licensed fuel facility status report: Inventory difference data, January 1986-June 1986
NRC is committed to the periodic publication of licensed fuel facilities' inventory difference data, following agency review of the information and completion of any related investigations. Information in this report includes inventory difference data for active fuel fabrication facilities possessing more than one effective kilogram of high enriched uranium, low enriched uranium, plutonium, or uranium-233.
Licensed fuel facility status report: Inventory difference data, July 1986-December 1986
Human Generated Power for Mobile Electronics Thad Starner Joseph A. Paradiso
players have replaced cassette and CD-based systems, and these "MP3 players" are evolving into portable improvements in performance, battery energy density (as measured by joules per kilogram or joules per cubic-hungry and poten- tially expensive wireless networks! One can imagine a system that examines the user's e-mail, web
Starner, Thad E.
Low-cost propellant launch to LEO from a tethered balloon -- 'Propulsion depots' not 'propellant depots'
As we have previously reported [1 -- 4], it may be possible to launch payloads into low-Earth orbit (LEO) at a per-kilogram cost that is one to two orders of magnitude lower than current launch systems. The capital investment required would be relatively ...
Brian H. Wilcox; Evan G. Schneider; David A. Vaughan; Jeffrey L. Hall; Chi Yau Yu
Performance oriented packaging testing of the six-foot flexible linear shaped charge box for packing group II hazardous materials. Final report
The wood box (Drawing 53711-6665109) for six-foot flexible linear shaped charges was tested for conformance to Performance Oriented Packaging standards specified by the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49 CFR, Parts 107 through 178, dated 31 December 1991. The box was tested with a gross weight of 14 kilograms and met all the requirements.
LLNL Site plan for a MOX fuel lead assembly mission in support of surplus plutonium disposition
The principal facilities that LLNL would use to support a MOX Fuel Lead Assembly Mission are Building 332 and Building 334. Both of these buildings are within the security boundary known as the LLNL Superblock. Building 332 is the LLNL Plutonium Facility. As an operational plutonium facility, it has all the infrastructure and support services required for plutonium operations. The LLNL Plutonium Facility routinely handles kilogram quantities of plutonium and uranium. Currently, the building is limited to a plutonium inventory of 700 kilograms and a uranium inventory of 300 kilograms. Process rooms (excluding the vaults) are limited to an inventory of 20 kilograms per room. Ongoing operations include: receiving SSTS, material receipt, storage, metal machining and casting, welding, metal-to-oxide conversion, purification, molten salt operations, chlorination, oxide calcination, cold pressing and sintering, vitrification, encapsulation, chemical analysis, metallography and microprobe analysis, waste material processing, material accountability measurements, packaging, and material shipping. Building 334 is the Hardened Engineering Test Building. This building supports environmental and radiation measurements on encapsulated plutonium and uranium components. Other existing facilities that would be used to support a MOX Fuel Lead Assembly Mission include Building 335 for hardware receiving and storage and TRU and LLW waste storage and shipping facilities, and Building 331 or Building 241 for storage of depleted uranium.
Bronson, M.C.
How much plutonium does North Korea really have?
In a previous study, as part of the Global Nuclear Material Control Model effort, the author estimated the maximum quantity of plutonium that could be produced in thermal research reactors in the potential nuclear weapon states (including North Korea), based on their declared power level. D. Albright has estimated the amount of plutonium the North Koreans may have produced since 1986 in the 5-megawatt-electric power reactor at Yongbon. Albright provided an upper-bound estimate of 53 kilograms of weapon-grade plutonium produced cumulatively if the gas-graphite (magnox) reactor had achieved a load factor of 0.80. This cumulative estimate of 53 kilograms ignores the potential plutonium production in the 8-megawatt-thermal research reactor, IRT-DPRK. To better quantify the cumulative North Korean production, the author conducted a study to estimate the amount of plutonium that could have been produced in the IRT-DPRK research reactor operating at the declared power level during the entire period it has operated, including a period it was not safeguarded. The author estimates that, at most, an additional 6 to 33 kilograms of plutonium could have been produced cumulatively in the research reactor operating at the declared power level during the entire period it has operated, including a 12-year period it was not safeguarded, resulting in a total of 13 to 47 kilograms of plutonium possibly produced in both the research and power reactors.
Dreicer, J.S.
Energy Equivalent Conversions
Kilograms. 907.18470. 1.00000. 1000.00000. 1016.04700. 0.45359. Metric Tons. 0.90718. 0.00100. 1.00000. 1.01605. 0.00045. Long Tons. 0.89286. 0.00098. 0.98421. 1 ...
Culham Centre for Fusion Energy Fusion -A clean future
be expected, even if energy can be used more efficiently. At the same time, we need to find new ways; Governments are divided over whether to include nuclear fission in their energy portfolios; and renewable, lithium, which is abundant in the earth's crust; · An efficient way of making energy. Just one kilogram
Magnesium oxide inserts for the LECO Carbon Analyzer
LECO carbon analysis of plutonium metal and plutonium oxide at the Rocky Flats Plant generates several hundred kilograms of high silica residues each year. The plutonium in these residues is difficult and expensive to recover using production dissolution processes. A magnesium oxide (MgO) insert has been developed that significantly lowers the plutonium recovery costs without adversely affecting accuracy of the carbon analysis.
Bagaasen, L.M.; Jensen, C.M.
Current technology development efforts on the international X-ray Observatory
The International X-ray Observatory (IXO) is a collaboration between NASA, ESA, and JAXA which is under study for launch in 2021. IXO will be a large 6600 kilogram Great Observatory-class mission which will build upon the legacies of the Chandra and ...
David Robinson
32 IEEE power & energy magazine july/august 2005 1540-7977/05/$20.002005 IEEE
in primary energy consumption has increased only 278%. The energy intensity, measured in terms of energy behind in terms of per capita electricity consump- tion. Indeed, with roughly 1,000 kWh per capita per consumption in kilogram of coal equivalent (kgce) per economic output in dollar of Chinese yuan, dropped from
Leung, Ka-Cheong
Results of Characterization and Retrieval Testing on Tank 241-C-110 Heel Solids
Nine samples of heel solids from tank 241-C-110 were delivered to the 222-S Laboratory for characterization and dissolution testing. After being drained thoroughly, the sample solids were primarily white to light-brown with minor dark-colored inclusions. The maximum dimension of the majority of the solids was <2 mm; however, numerous pieces of aggregate, microcrystalline, and crystalline solids with maximum dimensions ranging from 5-70 mm were observed. In general, the larger pieces of aggregate solids were strongly cemented. Natrophosphate [Na{sub 7}F(PO{sub 4}){sub 2}?19H{sub 2}O] was the dominant solid phase identified in the heel solids. Results of chemical analyses suggested that 85-87 wt% of the heel solids were the fluoridephosphate double salt. The average bulk density measured for the heel solids was 1.689 g/mL; the reference density of natrophosphate is 1.71 g/mL. Dissolution tests on composite samples indicate that 94 to 97 wt% of the tank 241-C-110 heel solids can be retrieved by dissolution in water. Dissolution and recovery of the soluble components in 1 kg (0.59 L) of the heel solids required the addition of ≈9.5 kg (9.5 L) of water at 15 ?C and ≈4.4 kg (4.45 L) of water at 45 ?C. Calculations performed using the Environmental Simulation Program indicate that dissolution of the ≈0.86 kg of natrophosphate in each kilogram of the tank 241-C-110 heel solids would require ≈9.45 kg of water at 15 ?C and ≈4.25 kg of water at 45 ?C. The slightly larger quantities of water determined to be required to retrieve the soluble components in 1 kg of the heel solids are consistent with that required for the dissolution of solids composed mainly of natrophosphate with a major portion of the balance consisting of highly soluble sodium salts. At least 98% of the structural water, soluble phosphate, sodium, fluoride, nitrate, carbonate, nitrite, sulfate, oxalate, and chloride in the test composites was dissolved and recovered in the dissolution tests. Most of the {sup 99}Tc and {sup 137}Cs present in the initial heel solids composites was removed in the water dissolution tests. The estimated activities/weights of {sup 129}I, {sup 234}U, {sup 235}U, {sup 236}U, and {sup 238}U in the dry residual solids were <25% of the weights/activities in the initial composite solids. Gibbsite and nordstrandite [both Al(OH){sub 3}] were the major solid phases identified in the solids remaining after completion of the dissolution tests. Chemical analysis indicated that the residual solids may have contained up to 62 wt% Al(OH){sub 3}. Significant quantities of unidentified phosphate-, iron-, bismuth-, silicon-, and strontium- bearing species were also present in the residual solids. The reference density of gibbsite (and nordstrandite) is 2.42 g/mL. The measured density of the residual solids, 2.65 g/mL, would be a reasonable value for solids containing gibbsite as the major component with minor quantities of other, higher density solids. Sieve analysis indicated that 22.2 wt% of the residual solids were discrete particles >710 μm in size, and 77.8 wt% were particulates <710 μm in size. Light-scattering measurements suggested that nearly all of the <710-μm particulates with diameters >12 μm were weakly bound aggregates of particles with diameters <2 μm. The <710-μm residual solids settled very slowly when dispersed in reagent water. The physical appearance of a suspension containing ≈0.4 vol% of the solids in pure water changed very little over a period of 46.5 hours. It should be noted that the distribution of particle sizes in the residual solids and the observed settling behavior were both strongly influenced by the procedures followed in the dissolution tests.
Callaway, William S.
Domestic Uranium Production Report Domestic Uranium Production Report 2012 Domestic Uranium Production Report Release Date: June 6, 2013 Next Release Date: May 2014 Activity at U.S. Mills and In-Situ-Leach Plants 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Ore from Underground Mines and Stockpiles Fed to Mills 1 0 W W W 0 W W W W W Other Feed Materials 2 W W W W W W W W W W Total Mill Feed W W W W W W W W W W (thousand pounds U 3 O 8 ) W W W W W W W W W W (thousand pounds U 3 O 8 ) W W W W W W W W W W (thousand pounds U 3 O 8 ) E2,000 2,282 2,689 4,106 4,534 3,902 3,708 4,228 3,991 4,146 (thousand pounds U 3 O 8 ) E1,600 2,280 2,702 3,838 4,050 4,130 3,620 5,137 4,000 3,911 Deliveries (thousand pounds U 3 O 8 ) W W W 3,786 3,602 3,656 2,044 2,684 2,870 3,630 Weighted-Average Price (dollars per pound U 3 O 8 ) W W W 28.98 42.11 43.81 36.61 37.59 52.36 49.63 Notes: The 2003 annual amounts were estimated by rounding to the nearest 200,000 pounds to avoid disclosure of individual company data. Totals may not equal sum of components
Geologic Assessment of the Damage Zone from the Second Test at Source Physics Experiment-Nevada (SPE-N)
The National Center for Nuclear Security (NCNS), established by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, is conducting a series of explosive tests at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS; formerly the Nevada Test Site) that are designed to increase the understanding of certain basic physical phenomena associated with underground explosions. These tests will aid in developing technologies that might be used to detect underground nuclear explosions in support of verification activities for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). The initial NCNS project is a series of explosive tests, known collectively as the Source Physics Experiment at the NNSS (SPE-N), being conducted in granitic rocks at the Climax stock in northern Yucca Flat. The SPE-N test series is designed to study the generation and propagation of seismic waves. The data will be used to improve the predictive capability of calculational models for detecting and characterizing underground explosions. The first SPE-N test (SPE-N-1) was a �calibration� shot conducted in May 2011, using 100 kilograms (kg) of explosives at the depth of 54.9 meters (m) (180 feet [ft]) in the U-15n source hole. SPE-N-2 was conducted in October 2011, using 1,000 kg of explosives at the depth of 45.7 m (150 ft) in the same source hole. Following the SPE-N-2 test, the core hole U-15n#10 was drilled at an angle from the surface to intercept the SPE-N-2 shot point location to obtain information necessary to characterize the damage zone. The desire was to determine the position of the damage zone near the shot point, at least on the northeast side, where the core hole penetrated it. The three-dimensional shape and symmetry of the damage zone are unknown at this time. Rather than spherical in shape, the dimensions of the damage zone could be influenced by the natural fracture sets in the vicinity. Geologic characterization of the borehole included geophysical logging, a directional survey, and geologic description of the core to document visual evidence of damage. Selected core samples were provided to Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) for laboratory tests (to be reported by SNL). A significant natural fault zone was encountered in the U-15n#10 angle core hole between the drilled depths of 149 and 155 ft (straight-line distance or range station [RS] from the shot point of 7.5 to 5.7 m). However, several of the fractures observed in the U-15n#10 hole are interpreted as having been caused by the explosion. These fractures are characterized by a �fresh,� mechanically broken look, with uncoated and very irregular surfaces. They tend to terminate against natural fractures and have orientations that differ from the previously defined natural fracture sets. The most distant fracture from the shot point that could be interpreted as having been caused by the explosion was seen at approximately RS 10.0 m. No other possibly explosion-induced fractures are apparent above the fault, but are common starting at RS 5.4 m, which is below the fault. It is unknown how the fault zone might have affected the propagation of seismic waves or how the materials in the fault zone (altered granite, breccia, gouge) were affected by the explosion. From RS 3.3 m to the end of the recovered core at RS 1.6 m, some of the core samples are softer and lighter in color, but do not appear to be weathered. It is thought this could be indicative of the presence of distributed microfracturing.
Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 561: Waste Disposal Areas, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 0
CAU 561 comprises 10 CASs: (1) 01-19-01, Waste Dump; (2) 02-08-02, Waste Dump and Burn Area; (3) 03-19-02, Debris Pile; (4) 05-62-01, Radioactive Gravel Pile; (5) 12-23-09, Radioactive Waste Dump; (6) 22-19-06, Buried Waste Disposal Site; (7) 23-21-04, Waste Disposal Trenches ; (8) 25-08-02, Waste Dump; (9) 25-23-21, Radioactive Waste Dump; and (10) 25-25-19, Hydrocarbon Stains and Trench. The purpose of this CADD/CR is to provide justification and documentation supporting the recommendation for closure of CAU 561 with no further corrective action. The purpose of the CAI was to fulfill the following data needs as defined during the DQO process: (1) Determine whether COCs are present; (2) If COCs are present, determine their nature and extent; and (3) Provide sufficient information and data to complete appropriate corrective actions. The following contaminants were determined to be present at concentrations exceeding their corresponding FALs: (1) No contamination exceeding FALs was identified at CASs 01-19-01, 03-19-02, 05-62-01, 12-23-09, and 22-19-06. (2) The surface and subsurface soil within the burn area at CAS 02-08-02 contains arsenic and lead above the FALs of 23 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) and 800 mg/kg, respectively. The surface and subsurface soil within the burn area also contains melted lead slag (potential source material [PSM]). The soil within the waste piles contains polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) above the FALs. The contamination within the burn area is spread throughout the area, as it was not feasible to remove all the PSM (melted lead), while at the waste piles, the contamination is confined to the piles. (3) The surface and subsurface soils within Trenches 3 and 5 at CAS 23-21-04 contain arsenic and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) above the FALs of 23 mg/kg and 0.74 mg/kg, respectively. The soil was removed from both trenches, and the soil that remains at this CAS does not contain contamination exceeding the FALs. Lead bricks and counterweights were also removed, and the soil below these items does not contain contamination that exceeds the FAL for lead. (4) The concrete-like material at CAS 25-08-02 contains arsenic above the FAL of 23 mg/kg. This concrete-like material was removed, and the soil that remains at this CAS does not contain contamination exceeding the FALs. Lead-acid batteries were also removed, and the soil below the batteries does not contain contamination that exceeds the FAL for lead. (5) The surface soils within the main waste dump at the posted southern radioactive material area (RMA) at CAS 25-23-21 contain cesium (Cs)-137 and PCBs above the FALs of 72.9 picocuries per gram (pCi/g) and 0.74 mg/kg, respectively. The soil was removed from the RMA, and the soil that remains at this CAS does not contain contamination exceeding the FALs. (6) The surface and subsurface soils at CAS 25-25-19 do not contain contamination exceeding the FALs. In addition, lead bricks were removed, and the soil below these items does not contain contamination that exceeds the FAL for lead. The following best management practices were implemented: (1) Housekeeping debris at CASs 02-08-02, 23-21-04, 25-08-02, 25-23-21, and 25-25-19 was removed and disposed of; (2) The open trenches at CAS 23-21-04 were backfilled; (3) The waste piles at CAS 25-08-02 were removed and the area leveled to ground surface; and (4) The remaining waste piles at the main waste dump at CAS 25-23-21 were leveled to ground surface. Therefore, NNSA/NSO provides the following recommendations: (1) No further action for CASs 01-19-01, 03-19-02, 05-62-01, 12-23-09, and 22-19-06; (2) Closure in place with an FFACO use restriction (UR) at CAS 02-08-02 for the remaining PAH-, arsenic-, and lead-contaminated soil, and the melted lead PSM. The UR form and map have been filed in the NNSA/NSO Facility Information Management System, the FFACO database, and the NNSA/NSO CAU/CAS files; (3) No further corrective action at CAS 23-21-04, as the lead bricks and counterweights (PSM) have been removed, and the COCs of arsenic and PCBs in soil have be
Mark Krauss
Hydrogen Bus Technology Validation Program
buses. Station 1: Steam Methane Reformer, 100 kg/day (10kg) $/yr Station 2: Steam Methane Reformer, 1000 kg/day (100
Burke, Andy; McCaffrey, Zach; Miller, Marshall; Collier, Kirk; Mulligan, Neal
Decentralized robust PI controller design for an industrial boiler Batool Labibi a,*, Horacio Jose Marquez b
are u1, feedwater flow rate (kg/s); u2, fuel flow rate (kg/s); and u3, attemperator spray flow rate (kg
Marquez, Horacio J.
Domestic Uranium Production Report
2. U.S. uranium mine production and number of mines and sources, 2003-2012 2. U.S. uranium mine production and number of mines and sources, 2003-2012 Production / Mining Method 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Underground (estimated contained thousand pounds U3O8) W W W W W W W W W W Open Pit (estimated contained thousand pounds U3O8) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 In-Situ Leaching (thousand pounds U3O8) W W 2,681 4,259 W W W W W W Other1 (thousand pounds U3O8) W W W W W W W W W W Total Mine Production (thousand pounds U3O8) E2,200 2,452 3,045 4,692 4,541 3,879 4,145 4,237 4,114 4,335 Number of Operating Mines Underground 1 2 4 5 6 10 14 4 5 6 Open Pit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 In-Situ Leaching 2 3 4 5 5 6 4 4 5 5 Other Sources1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
5 5 2012 Domestic Uranium Production Report Release Date: June 6, 2013 Next Release Date: May 2014 Production / Mining Method 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 (estimated contained thousand pounds U 3 O 8 ) W W W W W W W W W W (estimated contained thousand pounds U 3 O 8 ) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (thousand pounds U 3 O 8 ) W W 2,681 4,259 W W W W W W (thousand pounds U 3 O 8 ) W W W W W W W W W W (thousand pounds U 3 O 8 ) E2,200 2,452 3,045 4,692 4,541 3,879 4,145 4,237 4,114 4,335 Underground 1 2 4 5 6 10 14 4 5 6 Open Pit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 In-Situ Leaching 2 3 4 5 5 6 4 4 5 5 Other Sources 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 Total Mines and Sources 4 6 10 11 12 17 20 9 11 12 Other 1 Number of Operating Mines Table 2. U.S. uranium mine production and number of mines and sources, 2003-2012 Underground Open Pit In-Situ Leaching Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration: Form EIA-851A, "Domestic Uranium Production Report" (2003-2012).
FEMP-Designated Product: Water-Cooled Ice Machines | Department of Energy
FEMP-Designated Product: Water-Cooled Ice Machines FEMP-Designated Product: Water-Cooled Ice Machines FEMP-Designated Product: Water-Cooled Ice Machines October 7, 2013 - 11:11am Addthis Federal agencies are required by the National Energy Conservation Policy Act (P.L. 95-619), Executive Order 13423, Executive Order 13514, and Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) Subpart 23.2 and 53.223 to specify and buy ENERGY STAR® qualified products or, in categories not included in the ENERGY STAR program, FEMP designated products, which are among the highest 25% of equivalent products for energy efficiency. A PDF version of Water-Cooled Ice Machines is also available. Performance Requirements for Federal Purchases Type Ice Harvest Rate (pounds per 24 hours) Energy Usea (per 100 pounds) Potable Water Useb (per 100 pounds)
Joshua Tree and Mojave Go Solar
Until late 1998, Joshua Tree National Park and Until late 1998, Joshua Tree National Park and Mojave National Preserve in southern California used diesel generators to produce electricity in remote areas. Like many park energy systems, the diesel generators at Joshua Tree's Cottonwood Campground also produced potentially harmful emissions: 120 tons of carbon dioxide, 5,770 pounds of nitrous oxides, 286 pounds of sulfur dioxide, and 218 pounds of suspended particulates every year. Today, Joshua Tree has cut those emissions dramati- cally while reducing annual operating costs by an impressive 90%, thanks to a new photovoltaic (PV) system that harnesses the sun's energy to produce clean electric power. Mojave has also had good results. And both parks continue to provide high- quality experiences for visitors while preserving
Form EIA-851Q
ITEM 1: FACILITY INFORMATION ITEM 1: FACILITY INFORMATION Name: County: State: Owner: Type: Rated Capacity: Operating Status: ITEM 2: PRODUCTION Pounds U 3 O 8 October-2013 November-2013 December-2013 Total = 0.0 ITEM 3: PRODUCTION SOURCE Mine name(s) Pounds U 3 O 8 Other type: Pounds U 3 O 8 Total = 0.0 COMMENTS All other information you provide will be used for statistical purposes only. In accordance with the Confidential Information Protection provisions of Title V, Subtitle A of Public Law 107-347 and other applicable Federal laws, your responses will be kept confidential and will not be disclosed in identifiable form to anyone other than employees or agents without your consent. By law, every EIA employee, as well as every agent, is subject to a jail term, a fine of up to $250,000, or both if he or she discloses ANY identifiable
Nuclear & Uranium - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) - U.S.
Nuclear & Uranium Nuclear & Uranium Glossary › FAQS › Overview Data Summary Uranium & Nuclear Fuel Nuclear Power Plants Radioactive Waste International All Nuclear Data Reports Analysis & Projections Most Requested Nuclear Plants and Reactors Projections Uranium All Reports Uranium Mill Sites Under the UMTRA Project Remediation of UMTRCA Title I Uranium Mill Sites Under the UMTRA Project Summary Table: Uranium Ore Processed, Disposal Cell Material, and Cost for Remediation as of December 31, 1999 Uranium Ore Processed Remediation Project Cost Remediation Project (Mill Site Name, State) Ore (Million Short Tons) Uranium Production (Million Pounds U3O8) Disposal Cell Remediated Material Volume (Million Cubic Yards) Total Cost A (Thousand U.S. Dollars)02/09 Per Pound Produced (Dollars per Pound U3O8) Per Unit of Remediated Material
SCALEUP OF ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE CATALYST FOR PILOT PLANT LPDMEtm RUN
The Liquid Phase Dimethyl Ether (LPDME{trademark}) process converts synthesis gas to dimethyl ether in a single slurry bubble column reactor. A mixed slurry of methanol synthesis catalyst and methanol dehydration catalyst in a neutral mineral oil simultaneously synthesizes methanol from syngas and converts some of it to dimethyl ether and water. The reaction scheme is: 2H{sub 2} + CO = CH{sub 3}OH 2CH{sub 3}OH = CH{sub 3}OCH{sub 3} + H{sub 2}O H{sub 2}O + CO = CO{sub 2} + H{sub 2}. Most of the water produced in this reaction is converted to hydrogen by reduction with carbon monoxide (water gas shift reaction). This synergy permits higher per pass conversion than methanol synthesis alone. The enhancement in conversion occurs because dehydration of the methanol circumvents the equilibrium constraint of the syngas-to-methanol step. The slurry bubble column reactor provides the necessary heat transfer capacity to handle the greater heat duty associated with high conversion. In order to improve the stability of the catalyst system, non-stoichiometric aluminum phosphate was proposed as the dehydration catalyst for the LPDME{trademark} process. This aluminum phosphate material is a proprietary catalyst. This catalyst system of a standard methanol catalyst and the aluminum phosphate provided stable process performance that met the program targets under our standard test process conditions in the laboratory. These targets are (1) an initial methanol equivalent productivity of 28 gmol/kg/hr, (2) a CO{sub 2}-free, carbon selectivity of 80% to dimethyl ether and (3) stability of both catalysts equivalent to that of the methanol catalyst in the absence of the aluminum phosphate. A pilot plant trial of the LPDME{trademark} process using the aluminum phosphate catalyst was originally planned for March 1998 at the DOE-owned, Air Products (APCI)-operated facility at LaPorte, Texas. Because the aluminum phosphate catalyst is not commercially available, we initiated a scaleup project with a commercial catalyst vendor. A total of 800 pounds of aluminum phosphate catalyst was ordered to provide two reactor charges and some additional material for testing. Although the scaleup was never completed, the effort yielded valuable information about the nature of the catalyst and the nature of the LPDME{trademark} process. This information is documented in this topical report.
Andrew W. Wang
The Liquid Phase Dimethyl Ether (LPDME{trademark}) process converts synthesis gas to dimethyl ether in a single slurry bubble column reactor. A mixed slurry of methanol synthesis catalyst and methanol dehydration catalyst in a neutral mineral oil simultaneously synthesizes methanol from syngas and converts some of it to dimethyl ether and water. The reaction scheme is shown below: 2H{sub 2} + CO = CH{sub 3}OH; 2CH{sub 3}OH = CH{sub 3}OCH{sub 3} + H{sub 2}O; H{sub 2}O + CO = CO{sub 2} + H{sub 2}. Most of the water produced in this reaction is converted to hydrogen by reduction with carbon monoxide (water gas shift reaction). This synergy permits higher per pass conversion than methanol synthesis alone. The enhancement in conversion occurs because dehydration of the methanol circumvents the equilibrium constraint of the syngas-to-methanol step. The slurry bubble column reactor provides the necessary heat transfer capacity to handle the greater heat duty associated with high conversion. In order to improve the stability of the catalyst system, non-stoichiometric aluminum phosphate was proposed as the dehydration catalyst for the LPDME{trademark} process. This aluminum phosphate material is a proprietary catalyst. This catalyst system of a standard methanol catalyst and the aluminum phosphate provided stable process performance that met the program targets under our standard test process conditions in the laboratory. These targets are (1) an initial methanol equivalent productivity of 28 gmol/kg/hr, (2) a CO{sub 2}-free, carbon selectivity of 80% to dimethyl ether and (3) stability of both catalysts equivalent to that of the methanol catalyst in the absence of the aluminum phosphate. A pilot plant trial of the LPDME{trademark} process using the aluminum phosphate catalyst was originally planned for March 1998 at the DOE-owned, Air Products (APCI)-operated facility at LaPorte, Texas. Because the aluminum phosphate catalyst is not commercially available, we initiated a scaleup project with a commercial catalyst vendor. A total of 800 pounds of aluminum phosphate catalyst was ordered to provide two reactor charges and some additional material for testing. Although the scaleup was never completed, the effort yielded valuable information about the nature of the catalyst and the nature of the LPDME{trademark} process. This information is documented in this topical report.
Texas Hydrogen Highway Fuel Cell Hybrid Bus and Fueling Infrastructure Technology Showcase - Final Scientific/Technical Report
The Texas Hydrogen Highway project has showcased a hydrogen fuel cell transit bus and hydrogen fueling infrastructure that was designed and built through previous support from various public and private sector entities. The aim of this project has been to increase awareness among transit agencies and other public entities on these transportation technologies, and to place such technologies into commercial applications, such as a public transit agency. The initial project concept developed in 2004 was to show that a skid-mounted, fully-integrated, factory-built and tested hydrogen fueling station could be used to simplify the design, and lower the cost of fueling infrastructure for fuel cell vehicles. The approach was to design, engineer, build, and test the integrated fueling station at the factory then install it at a site that offered educational and technical resources and provide an opportunity to showcase both the fueling station and advanced hydrogen vehicles. The two primary technology components include: Hydrogen Fueling Station: The hydrogen fueling infrastructure was designed and built by Gas Technology Institute primarily through a funding grant from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. It includes hydrogen production, clean-up, compression, storage, and dispensing. The station consists of a steam methane reformer, gas clean-up system, gas compressor and 48 kilograms of hydrogen storage capacity for dispensing at 5000 psig. The station is skid-mounted for easy installation and can be relocated if needed. It includes a dispenser that is designed to provide temperaturecompensated fills using a control algorithm. The total station daily capacity is approximately 50 kilograms. Fuel Cell Bus: The transit passenger bus built by Ebus, a company located in Downey, CA, was commissioned and acquired by GTI prior to this project. It is a fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicle which is ADA compliant, has air conditioning sufficient for Texas operations, and regenerative braking for battery charging. It uses a 19.3 kW Ballard PEM fuel cell, will store 12.6 kg of hydrogen at 350 Bar, and includes a 60 kWh battery storage system. The objectives of the project included the following: (a) To advance commercialization of hydrogen-powered transit buses and supporting infrastructure; (b) To provide public outreach and education by showcasing the operation of a 22-foot fuel cell hybrid shuttle bus and Texas first hydrogen fueling infrastructure; and (c) To showcase operation of zero-emissions vehicle for potential transit applications. As mentioned above, the project successfully demonstrated an early vehicle technology, the Ebus plug-in hybrid fuel cell bus, and that success has led to the acquisition of a more advanced vehicle that can take advantage of the same fueling infrastructure. Needed hydrogen station improvements have been identified that will enhance the capabilities of the fueling infrastructure to serve the new bus and to meet the transit agency needs. Over the course of this project, public officials, local government staff, and transit operators were engaged in outreach and education activities that acquainted them with the real world operation of a fuel cell bus and fueling infrastructure. Transit staff members in the Dallas/Ft. Worth region were invited to a workshop in Arlington, Texas at the North Central Texas Council of Governments to participate in a workshop on hydrogen and fuel cells, and to see the fuel cell bus in operation. The bus was trucked to the meeting for this purpose so that participants could see and ride the bus. Austin area transit staff members visited the fueling site in Austin to be briefed on the bus and to participate in a fueling demonstration. This led to further meetings to determine how a fuel cell bus and fueling station could be deployed at Capital Metro Transit. Target urban regions that expressed additional interest during the project in response to the outreach meetings and showcase events include San Antonio and Austin, Texas. In summary, the project objectives wer
Hitchcock, David
Microsoft Word - Summary_FEIS_Final for GPO.doc
Summary Summary Cover photos courtesy of (left to right): Southeast Renewable Fuels, LLC DOE National Renewable Energy Laboratory Public domain CONVERSION FACTORS Metric to English English to Metric Multiply by To get Multiply by To get Area Square kilometers 247.1 Acres Acres 0.0040469 Square kilometers Square kilometers 0.3861 Square miles Square miles 2.59 Square kilometers Square meters 10.764 Square feet Square feet 0.092903 Square meters Concentration Kilograms/sq. meter 0.16667 Tons/acre Tons/acre 0.5999 Kilograms/sq. meter Milligrams/liter 1 a Parts/million Parts/million 1 a Milligrams/liter Micrograms/liter 1 a Parts/billion Parts/billion 1 a Micrograms/liter Micrograms/cu. meter 1 a Parts/trillion Parts/trillion 1 a Micrograms/cu. meter
NNSA NEWS OCTOBER 2010.pmd
2010 National Nuclear Security Administration Monthly News NNSA Completes Largest Fuel Return Campaign NNSA Senior Leadership Team in Place This month, NNSA successfully completed the largest fuel return campaign in the agency's history by removing more than 450 kilograms of Russian-origin highly enriched uranium (HEU) spent fuel from the Maria and Ewa reactors in Swierk, Poland. The nuclear material, enough to make more than 18 nuclear weapons, was sent back to Russia in a series of five shipments. It included the largest single shipment of HEU spent fuel (187 kilograms), which required the entire fleet of spent fuel transportation casks used for transportation of Russian-origin HEU. "This major milestone brings us one step closer to achieving
Method of regulating the amount of underfire air for combustion of wood fuels in spreader-stroke boilers
A method of metering underfire air for increasing efficiency and reducing particulate emissions from wood-fire, spreader-stoker boilers is disclosed. A portion of the combustion air, approximately one pound of air per pound of wood, is fed through the grate into the fuel bed, while the remainder of the combustion air is distributed above the fuel in the furnace, and the fuel bed is maintained at a depth sufficient to consume all oxygen admitted under fire and to insure a continuous layer of fresh fuel thereover to entrap charred particles inside the fuel bed.
Tuttle, Kenneth L. (Federal Way, WA)
Standard Test Method for Measured Speed of Oil Diffusion Pumps
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the measured speed (volumetric flow rate) of oil diffusion pumps. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia
Test results are presented that show that a strong concrete weighing approximately 185 lb/ft/sup 3/ can be made using water, waste lead slag, and Ciment Fondu. Feasibility, materials, mortar tests, concrete tests, and Ciment Fondu concretes are discussed. A 24-in.-thick concrete shield wall would have to be increased in thickness by 5 in. if slag concrete is used in place of barytes or magnetite concrete. On a pound-for-pound basis, the waste lead slag concrete materials were 30% cheaper than barytes and magnetite concrete materials. (M.C.G.)
Northup, T.E.
Process for the synthesis of aliphatic alcohol-containing mixtures
A process for the synthesis of mixtures which include saturated aliphatic alcohols is disclosed. In the first step of the process, the first catalyst activation stage, a catalyst, which comprises the oxides of copper, zinc, aluminum, potassium and one or two additional metals selected from the group consisting of chromium, magnesium, cerium, cobalt, thorium and lanthanum, is partially activated. In this step, a reducing gas stream, which includes hydrogen and at least one inert gas, flows past the catalyst at a space velocity of up to 5,000 liters (STP) per hour, per kilogram of catalyst. The partially activated catalyst is then subjected to the second step of the process, second-stage catalyst activation. In this step, the catalyst is contacted by an activation gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide present in a volume ratio of 0.5:1 and 4:1, respectively, at a temperature of 200.degree. to 450.degree. C. and a pressure of between 35 and 200 atmospheres. The activation gas flows at a space velocity of from 1,000 to 20,000 liters (STP) per hour, per kilogram of catalyst. Second-stage activation continues until the catalyst is contacted with at least 500,000 liters (STP) of activation gas per kilogram of catalyst. The fully activated catalyst, in the third step of the process, contacts a synthesis gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
Greene, Marvin I. (Oradell, NJ); Gelbein, Abraham P. (Morristown, NJ)
EPA issues interim final waste minimization guidance
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has released a new and detailed interim final guidance to assist hazardous waste generators in certifying they have a waste minimization program in place under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). EPA's guidance identifies the basic elements of a waste minimization program in place that, if present, will allow people to certify they have implemented a program to reduce the volume and toxicity of hazardous waste to the extent economically practical. The guidance is directly applicable to generators of 1000 or more kilograms per month of hazardous waste, or large-quantity generators, and to owners and operators of hazardous waste treatment, storage or disposal facilities who manage their own hazardous waste on site. Small-quantity generators that generate more than 100 kilograms, but less than 1,000 kilograms, per month of hazardous waste are not subject to the same program in place certification requirement. Rather, they must certify on their manifests that they have made a good faith effort to minimize their waste generation.
Bergeson, L.L.
Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 560: Septic Systems, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, Revision 0
Corrective Action Unit�560 comprises seven corrective action sites (CASs): �03-51-01, Leach Pit �06-04-02, Septic Tank �06-05-03, Leach Pit �06-05-04, Leach Bed �06-59-03, Building CP-400 Septic System �06-59-04, Office Trailer Complex Sewage Pond �06-59-05, Control Point Septic System The purpose of this CADD/CR is to provide justification and documentation supporting the recommendation for closure of CAU 560 with no further corrective action. To achieve this, corrective action investigation (CAI) activities were performed from October 7, 2008, through February 24, 2010, as set forth in the Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit�560: Septic Systems, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, and Record of Technical Change No.�1. The purpose of the CAI was to fulfill the following data needs as defined during the data quality objective (DQO) process: �Determine whether contaminants of concern (COCs) are present. �If COCs are present, determine their nature and extent. �Provide sufficient information and data to complete appropriate corrective actions. The CAU 560 dataset from the investigation results was evaluated based on the data quality indicator parameters. This evaluation demonstrated the quality and acceptability of the dataset for use in fulfilling the DQO data needs. Analytes detected during the CAI were evaluated against final action levels (FALs) established in this document. The following contaminants were determined to be present at concentrations exceeding their corresponding FALs: �No contamination exceeding the FALs was identified at CASs 03-51-01, 06-04-02, and�06-59-04. �The soil at the base of the leach pit chamber at CAS�06-05-03 contains arsenic above the FAL of 23 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) above the FAL of 0.74 mg/kg, confined vertically from a depth of approximately 5 to 20 feet (ft) below ground surface. The contamination is confined laterally to the walls of the leach pit chamber and leach rock. The contamination present at CAS 06-05-03 within the leach pit was not feasible to remove. �The surface and subsurface soils within and surrounding the septic system at CAS 06-05-04 contained PCB concentrations above the FAL of 0.74 mg/kg. The�lateral and vertical extent of COCs was determined for this CAS. Contaminated soils were removed up to within 18 ft of the building. The remaining contamination is confined to subsurface soils adjacent to and beneath Building�CP-162 and was not feasible to remove. �The solid materials within the septic tank and soils immediately surrounding the inlet end of the tank at CAS 06-59-03 contained benzo(a)pyrene above the FAL of 0.21 mg/kg. The soils, tank contents, and tank were removed. Materials remaining at this CAS do not contain contamination exceeding FALs. �The solids contained within the septic tank and inlet pipe at CAS 06-59-05 contained the following contaminants above their respective FALs: PCBs, arsenic, lead, benzo(a)pyrene, and pesticides. The tank and inlet pipe contents were removed. Materials remaining at this CAS do not contain contamination exceeding FALs. Therefore, the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office (NNSA/NSO) provides the following corrective action recommendations: �No further action for CASs 03-51-01, 06-04-02, and 06-59-04, as no contaminants of potential concern were present that exceed FALs. �Closure in place for CAS 06-05-03 under a corrective action with a use restriction (UR) for remaining PCB- and arsenic-impacted potential source material (PSM). The UR form and map have been filed in the NNSA/NSO Facility Information Management System, the FFACO database, and NNSA/NSO CAU/CAS files. �Closure in place for CAS 06-05-04 under a corrective action with a UR for remaining PCBs in soil adjacent to and beneath Building CP-162. The UR form and map have been filed in the NNSA/NSO Facility Information Management System, the FFACO database, and NNSA/NSO CAU/CAS files. �No further action for CAS 06-59-0
Grant Evenson
GLASS FORMULATION TESTING TO INCREASE SULFATE INCORPORATION - Final Report VSL-04R4960-1, Rev 0, 2/28/05, Vitreous State Laboratory, The Catholic University of American, Washington, D.C.
About 50 million gallons of high-level mixed waste is currently in storage in underground tanks at The United States Department of Energy's (DOE's) Hanford site in the State of Washington. The Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) will provide DOE's Office of River Protection (ORP) with a means of treating this waste by vitrification for subsequent disposal. The tank waste will be separated into low- and high-activity fractions, which will then be vitrified respectively into Immobilized Low Activity Waste (ILAW) and Immobilized High Level Waste (IHLW) products. The ILAW product will be disposed of in an engineered facility on the Hanford site while the IHLW product will be directed to the national deep geological disposal facility for high-level nuclear waste. The ILAW and IHLW products must meet a variety of requirements with respect to protection of the environment before they can be accepted for disposal. The Office of River Protection is currently examining options to optimize the Low Activity Waste (LAW) facility and the LAW glass waste form. One option under evaluation is to enhance the waste processing rate of the vitrification plant currently under construction. It is likely that the capacity of the LAW vitrification plant can be increased incrementally by implementation of a variety of low-risk, high-probability changes, either separately or in combination. These changes include: (1) Operating at the higher processing rates demonstrated at the LAW Pilot Melter; (2) Increasing the glass pool surface area within the existing external melter envelope; (3) Increasing plant availability; (4) Increasing the glass waste loading; (5) Removing sulfate from the LAW stream; (6) Operating the melter at slightly higher temperature; (7) Installing the third LAW melter into the WTP plant; and (8) Other smaller impact changes. The melter tests described in this report utilized blended feed (glass formers plus waste simulant) prepared by Optima Chemicals according to VSL specifications. Sufficient feed was prepared to produce over nineteen hundred kilograms of glass during melter tests. The nominal reductant concentration (stoichiometric ratio of 0.5 {approx} 1 mole sucrose per 16 mole NOx or 3 mole carbon per 4 mole NOx) was maintained in all the tests by the addition of sugar at VSL. The DM 10 was used to screen the optimized glass formulation with two alternative aluminum sources (kyanite and zeolite) over a wide range of target sulfur concentrations. Subsequently, based on the DM10 results, nine 12- to 34-hour DM100 tests were conducted; six with kyanite as the aluminum additive at glass sulfur concentrations ranging from 0.75 to 1.5 wt.% SO{sub 3}, and the other three with zeolite as the aluminum additive at glass sulfur concentrations ranging from 0.75 to 1.5 wt. % SO{sub 3}. The DM 100-WV melter was used in order to provide a direct comparison with the LAW tests previously conducted on the same melter. Key operating parameters such as glass temperature and production rate were held constant to investigate the sulfur incorporation into the glass and the effects of varying the aluminum additive source. The bubbling rate was adjusted to achieve a production rate of 2000 kg/m{sup 2}/day with a near-complete cold cap (90-100% of melt surface covered with feed). Quantitative measurements of glass production rates, melter operating conditions (temperatures, pressures, power, flows, etc.), and off-gas characteristics (NOx, SO{sub 2}, CO, particulate load and composition, and acid gases) were made for each test. Glass samples taken from the glass pool and the discharge chamber were inspected throughout testing to determine the limit of salt-free operation in the melter.
MDD Status Letter Report (AFCI CETE Milestone)
Current flow sheets for processing used nuclear fuels do not produce separated streams of all of the actinides. These aqueous processing streams must be converted into solid forms suitable for recycle (fuel/target fabrication), storage, or disposal, necessitating co-conversion. A process developed at ORNL in the 1980s to make UO{sub 3} suitable as fuel feedstock was studied for preparation of mixed actinide oxides with similarly favorable ceramic properties. The process, Modified Direct Denitration (MDD), uses ammonium nitrate to alter the thermal decomposition behavior of metal nitrates and improve the ceramic properties of the resulting solid oxide. Since plutonium (IV) and neptunium(IV) form compounds similar to uranium with the ammonium ion [(NH{sub 4}){sub 2}Pu(NO{sub 3}){sub 6}, (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}Np(NO{sub 3}){sub 6}], MDD-conversion of these metals was considered to be applicable. Co-conversion has advantages for making mixed oxides over individual element conversions that are followed by dry mixing of the oxide powders. Issues associated with preparing a mixture from individual oxides include use of additional equipment, dusting associated with feeding and milling, time requirements for milling, blending to obtain a uniform mixture, and inhomogenity at higher plutonium concentrations. These issues can be partially or wholly avoided by using MDD coconversion in which the mixing of the individual metals occurs in liquid solution; thus, adjusting relative metal concentrations is simpler and the resulting mixed oxide is more uniform than that produced by blending the individual oxides. Utilizing MDD also eliminates the need for mechanical treatment of the powder to obtain the desired ceramic properties, such as surface area and particle size distribution, since these characteristics are acceptable as-produced. The original MDD development work established that uranium oxide with good ceramic properties could be made. Following the discovery, a more fundamental understanding of the chemistry of the uranium-ammonium double nitrate salt was developed. Later pilot-scale studies produced kilogram quantities of UO{sub 3} using engineering-scale (1 kg/hour), continuously-operated equipment, while establishing the reliability of the process and equipment. The current work was performed in support of the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI), utilizing glove-box-contained equipment (100 g/hour) to produce UO{sub 3}, PuO{sub 2}, and mixed oxides of uranium, plutonium, neptunium, and americium from a nitrate solution of those actinides. Then the MDD glove-box system was utilized in the Coupled-End-To-End (CETE) project to convert the U-Pu-Np and uranium product solutions into oxide powders. As part of the CETE project, a powder characterization laboratory was established in gloveboxes with instruments required for the determination of: (1) surface area by the BET methodology; (2) tap density by using a Quantachrome AutoTap; (3) flow properties by using a Freeman technology powder rheometer; (4) material composition and crystalline structure by using a powder X-ray diffractometer; (5) particle size distribution by using a laser light-scattering analyzer; and (6) imaging of the powders with a stereomicroscope. These instruments can be used to characterize the products and to determine the effects of MDD operating parameters on product powder morphology. Ultimately, the powder characteristics necessary to produce high-density, sintered MOX pellets can be determined.
Vedder, Raymond James [ORNL; Jubin, Robert Thomas [ORNL
Bulk Hauling Equipment for CHG
BULK HAULING EQUIPMENT FOR CHG BULK HAULING EQUIPMENT FOR CHG Don Baldwin Director of Product Development - Hexagon Lincoln HEXAGON LINCOLN TITAN(tm) Module System Compressed Hydrogen Gas * Capacity 250 bar - 616 kg 350 bar - 809 kg 540 bar - 1155 kg * Gross Vehicle Weight (with prime mover) 250 bar - 28 450 kg 350 bar - 30 820 kg 540 bar - 39 440 kg * Purchase Cost 250 bar - $510,000 350 bar - $633,750 540 bar - $1,100,000 Compressed Natural Gas * Capacity (250 bar at 15 C) - 7412 kg * GVW (With prime mover) - 35 250 kg * Purchase Cost (+/- 5%) - $510,000 HEXAGON LINCOLN TITAN(tm) V Magnum Trailer System Compressed Hydrogen Gas * Capacity 250 bar - 800 kg 350 bar - 1050 kg 540 bar - 1500 kg * Gross Vehicle Weight (with prime mover) 250 bar - 31 000 kg 350 bar - 34 200 kg 540 bar - 45 700 kg * Purchase Cost (+/-
Resources Policy 25 (1999) 179188 www.elsevier.com/locate/resourpol
(% Total Energy Material Process and feedstock SBR (MJ/kg of Usage (MJ) (MJ/kg of product) (MJ) feedstock188 Table 7 Energy usage for the production of 1 kg of rubber tires Material usage (kg/kg of Energy usage (MJ/kg of Total Energy Usage Tire production) product) (MJ/kg) 1. SBR 0.59 55.79 32.92 2. Carbon Black
Columbia University
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) used large quantities of mercury in the uranium separating process from the 1950s until the late 1980s in support of national defense. Some of this mercury, as well as other hazardous metals and radionuclides, found its way into, and under, several buildings, soil and subsurface soils and into some of the surface waters. Several of these areas may pose potential health or environmental risks and must be dealt with under current environmental regulations. DOE's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) awarded a contract ''Alternative Field Methods to Treat Mercury in Soil'' to IT Group, Knoxville TN (IT) and its subcontractor NFS, Erwin, TN to identify remedial methods to clean up mercury-contaminated high-clay content soils using proven treatment chemistries. The sites of interest were the Y-12 National Security Complex located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, the David Witherspoon properties located in Knoxville, Tennessee, and at other similarly contaminated sites. The primary laboratory-scale contract objectives were (1) to safely retrieve and test samples of contaminated soil in an approved laboratory and (2) to determine an acceptable treatment method to ensure that the mercury does not leach from the soil above regulatory levels. The leaching requirements were to meet the TC (0.2 mg/l) and UTS (0.025 mg/l) TCLP criteria. In-situ treatments were preferred to control potential mercury vapors emissions and liquid mercury spills associated with ex-situ treatments. All laboratory work was conducted in IT's and NFS laboratories. Mercury contaminated nonradioactive soil from under the Alpha 2 building in the Y-12 complex was used. This soils contained insufficient levels of leachable mercury and resulted in TCLP mercury concentrations that were similar to the applicable LDR limits. The soil was spiked at multiple levels with metallic (up to 6000 mg/l) and soluble mercury compounds (up to 500 mg/kg) to simulate expected ranges of mercury contamination and to increase the TCLP mercury values. IT/NFS investigated ambient temperature amalgamation/stabilization/fixation of mercury-contaminated soils to meet these objectives. Treatment ranged in size from a few ounces to 10 pounds. The treatability study philosophy was to develop working envelops of formulations where reasonable minimum and maximum amounts of each reagent that would successfully treat the contaminated soil were determined. The dosages investigated were based on ratios of stoichiometric reactions and applications of standard sets of formulations. The approach purposely identified formulations that failed short or longer cure-time performance criteria to define the limits of the envelope. Reagent envelops successfully met the project requirements one day after treatment and after greater than 30-day cures. The use of multiple levels of spikes allowed the establishment of reagent dosages that were successful across a broad range of mercury values, e.g., 50 to 6000 mg/kg mercury. The treatment products were damp to slightly wet material. Enough drying reagent, e.g., Portland cement or lime by-product, were added to some formulations to control the leachability of uranium and other hazardous metals and to ensure the product passed the paint filter test. Cost analyzes and conceptual designs for four alternatives for full-scale treatments were prepared. The alternatives included two in-situ treatments and two ex-situ treatments. The cost estimates were based on the results from the bench-scale study. All four alternatives treatment costs were well below the baseline costs.
Ernest F. Stine Jr; Steven T. Downey
Metabolism and disposition of 1-bromopropane in rats and mice following inhalation or intravenous administration
Workplace exposure to 1-bromopropane (1-BrP) can potentially occur during its use in spray adhesives, fats, waxes, and resins. 1-BrP may be used to replace ozone depleting solvents, resulting in an increase in its annual production in the US, which currently exceeds 1 million pounds. The potential for human exposure to 1-BrP and the reports of adverse effects associated with potential occupational exposure to high levels of 1-BrP have increased the need for the development of biomarkers of exposure and an improved understanding of 1-BrP metabolism and disposition. In this study, the factors influencing the disposition and biotransformation of 1-BrP were examined in male F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice following inhalation exposure (800 ppm) or intravenous administration (5, 20, and 100 mg/kg). [1,2,3-{sup 13}C]1-BrP and [1-{sup 14}C]1-BrP were administered to enable characterization of urinary metabolites using NMR spectroscopy, LC-MS/MS, and HPLC coupled radiochromatography. Exhaled breath volatile organic chemicals (VOC), exhaled CO{sub 2}, urine, feces, and tissues were collected for up to 48 h post-administration for determination of radioactivity distribution. Rats and mice exhaled a majority of the administered dose as either VOC (40-72%) or {sup 14}CO{sub 2} (10-30%). For rats, but not mice, the percentage of the dose exhaled as VOC increased between the mid ({approx} 50%) and high ({approx} 71%) dose groups; while the percentage of the dose exhaled as {sup 14}CO{sub 2} decreased (19 to 10%). The molar ratio of exhaled {sup 14}CO{sub 2} to total released bromide, which decreased as dose increased, demonstrated that the proportion of 1-BrP metabolized via oxidation relative to pathways dependent on glutathione conjugation is inversely proportional to dose in the rat. [{sup 14}C]1-BrP equivalents were recovered in urine (13-17%, rats; 14-23% mice), feces (< 2%), or retained in the tissues and carcass (< 6%) of rats and mice administered i.v. 5 to 100 mg/kg [{sup 14}C]1-BrP. Metabolites characterized in urine of rats and mice include N-acetyl-S-propylcysteine, N-acetyl-3-(propylsulfinyl)alanine, N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxypropyl)cysteine, 1-bromo-2-hydroxypropane-O-glucuronide, N-acetyl-S-(2-oxopropyl)cysteine, and N-acetyl-3-[(2-oxopropyl)sulfinyl]alanine. These metabolites may be formed following oxidation of 1-bromopropane to 1-bromo-2-propanol and bromoacetone and following subsequent glutathione conjugation with either of these compounds. Rats pretreated with 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), a potent inhibitor of P450 excreted less in urine ({down_arrow}30%), exhaled as {sup 14}CO2 ({down_arrow}80%), or retained in liver ({down_arrow}90%), with a concomitant increase in radioactivity expired as VOC ({up_arrow}52%). Following ABT pretreatment, rat urinary metabolites were reduced in number from 10 to 1, N-acetyl-S-propylcysteine, which accounted for > 90% of the total urinary radioactivity in ABT pretreated rats. Together, these data demonstrate a role for cytochrome P450 and glutathione in the dose-dependent metabolism and disposition of 1-BrP in the rat.
Garner, C.E. [Department of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (United States)]. E-mail: email@example.com; Sumner, S.C.J. [Department of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (United States); Davis, J.G. [Department of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (United States); Burgess, J.P. [Department of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (United States); Yueh, Y. [Department of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (United States); Demeter, J. [Department of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (United States); Zhan, Q. [Department of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (United States); Valentine, J. [Department of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (United States); Jeffcoat, A.R. [Department of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (United States); Burka, L.T. [National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (United States); Mathews, J.M. [Department of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (United States)
a. Uranium purchased by owners and operators of U.S. civilian nuclear power reactors ranked by price and distributed by quantity, 2010-2012 deliveries thousand pounds U3O8 equivalent; dollars per pound U3O8 equivalent a. Uranium purchased by owners and operators of U.S. civilian nuclear power reactors ranked by price and distributed by quantity, 2010-2012 deliveries thousand pounds U3O8 equivalent; dollars per pound U3O8 equivalent Deliveries in 2010 Deliveries in 2011 Deliveries in 2012 Quantity Distribution1 Quantity with Reported Price Weighted-Average Price Quantity with Reported Price Weighted-Average Price Quantity with Reported Price Weighted-Average Price First 5,757 31.91 6,789 34.97 7,119 38.24 Second 5,757 40.66 6,789 46.48 7,119 48.64 Third 5,757 43.60 6,789 50.80 7,119 51.16 Fourth 5,757 45.34 6,789 54.07 7,119 54.15 Fifth 5,757 47.89 6,789 57.21 7,119 56.93 Sixth 5,757 54.28 6,789 61.90 7,119 59.98 Seventh 5,757 60.21 6,789 65.21 7,119 61.02
. Uranium purchased by owners and operators of U.S. civilian nuclear power reactors by origin and delivery year, 2008-2012 thousand pounds U3O8 equivalent; dollars per pound U3O8 equivalent . Uranium purchased by owners and operators of U.S. civilian nuclear power reactors by origin and delivery year, 2008-2012 thousand pounds U3O8 equivalent; dollars per pound U3O8 equivalent Deliveries 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 U.S.-Origin Uranium Purchases 7,720 7,053 3,687 5,205 9,807 Weighted-Average Price 59.55 48.92 45.25 52.12 59.44 Foreign-Origin Uranium Purchases 45,633 42,777 42,895 49,626 47,713 Weighted-Average Price 43.47 45.35 49.64 55.98 54.07 Total Purchases 53,353 49,830 46,582 54,831 57,520 Weighted-Average Price 45.88 45.86 49.29 55.64 54.99 Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Weighted-average prices are not adjusted for inflation. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration: Form EIA-858 "Uranium Marketing Annual Survey" (2008-2012).
10. Uranium reserve estimates at the end of 2012 10. Uranium reserve estimates at the end of 2012 million pounds U3O8 Forward Cost2 Uranium Reserve Estimates1 by Mine and Property Status, Mining Method, and State(s) $0 to $30 per pound $0 to $50 per pound $0 to $100 per pound Properties with Exploration Completed, Exploration Continuing, and Only Assessment Work W W 102.0 Properties Under Development for Production W W W Mines in Production W 21.4 W Mines Closed Temporarily and Closed Permanently W W 133.1 In-Situ Leach Mining W W 128.6 Underground and Open Pit Mining W W 175.4 Arizona, New Mexico and Utah 0 W 164.7 Colorado, Nebraska and Texas W W 40.8 Wyoming W W 98.5 Total 51.8 W 304.0 1 Sixteen respondents reported reserve estimates on 71 mines and properties. These uranium reserve estimates cannot be compared with the much larger historical data set of uranium reserves that were published in the July 2010 report U.S. Uranium Reserves Estimates at http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/reserves/ures.html. Reserves, as reported here, do not necessarily imply compliance with U.S. or Canadian government definitions for purposes of investment disclosure.
5. Average price and quantity for uranium purchased by owners and operators of U.S. civilian nuclear power reactors by pricing mechanisms and delivery year, 2011-2012 dollars per pound U3O8 equivalent; thousand pounds U3O8 equivalent 5. Average price and quantity for uranium purchased by owners and operators of U.S. civilian nuclear power reactors by pricing mechanisms and delivery year, 2011-2012 dollars per pound U3O8 equivalent; thousand pounds U3O8 equivalent Pricing Mechanisms Domestic Purchases1 Foreign Purchases2 Total Purchases 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 Contract-Specified (Fixed and Base-Escalated) Pricing Weighted-Average Price 53.48 57.61 56.20 54.74 54.86 56.26 Quantity with Reported Price 11,597 14,495 11,928 12,941 23,525 27,436 Spot-Market Pricing Weighted-Average Price 51.56 49.53 57.72 51.89 55.57 51.19 Quantity with Reported Price 2,931 2,237 5,494 5,772 8,425 7,510 Other Pricing Weighted-Average Price 54.37 56.42 57.06 54.25 56.48 54.71
Mound Isotope Power Systems; AMTEC Integral Cell Wall Compression Test
An AMTEC (Alkali Metal Thermal-to-Electric Conversion) device is tested under a compression load at a rate of 0.0025 inches/minute. The integral cell wall is made of Haynes Alloy 25. The wall buckled at 724 pounds load.
2006 SitE ENvirONmENtAL rEPOrtv Each year, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) prepares
- ronmental and worker safety risks. Initiatives to reduce, recycle, and reuse 13 million pounds of industrial. Radiological Dose Assessment Program BNL routinely assesses its operations to ensure that any potential to a hypothetical Maximally Exposed Individual (MEI) at the BNL site boundary. For dose assessment purposes
Homes, Christopher C.
A MESSAGE FROM THE LABORATORY DIRECTOR As Director of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), I expect nothing less than
.........................................................................20 Radiological Dose Assessment Program ....22 Dose in Perspective instituted since 1999 have saved more than $1.5 million and have resulted in the reduction, recycling, or reuse of approximately 2.3 million pounds of industrial, sanitary, hazardous, and radioactive waste
2005 Site environmental reportv Each year, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) prepares an annual Site Environmental Report
.4 years. Initiatives to reduce, recycle, and reuse 2.8 million pounds of industrial, sanitary, hazardous monitoring. Radiological Dose Assessment Program BNL routinely assesses its operations to ensure that any to a hypothetical Maximally Exposed In- dividual (MEI) at the BNL site boundary. For dose assessment purposes
2007 Site environmental reportv Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) prepares an annual Site Environmental Report (SER)
to reduce, recycle, and reuse 14.6 million pounds of industrial, sanitary, hazard- ous, and radiological, and maps relating to all groundwater monitoring performed in 2007. Radiological Dose Assessment Program BNL (MEI) at the BNL site boundary. For dose assessment purposes, the pathways include direct radiation
2010 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTiii Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) prepares an annual Site Environmental Report (SER)
.5 years. Initiatives to reduce, recycle, and reuse 9.1 million pounds of industrial, sanitary, hazardous in 2010. Radiological Dose Assessment Program BNL routinely assesses its operations to ensure that any to a hypothetical Maximally Exposed In- dividual (MEI) at the BNL site boundary. For dose assessment purposes
Ohta, Shigemi
Environmental Management System 2 2010 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT2-1
(known as "affirmative procurement") Conserve natural resources and energy Reuse and recycle materials, and provides the number of pounds of materials reduced, reused, or recycled, as well as the estimated cost, recycled, or reused annually. The Laboratory also has an ac- tive and successful solid waste recycling
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. ISSN 0077-8923 ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
wind, solar, and other forms of nonfossil fuel power generation, along with investments in efficiency power generation (one gigaton = one billiontons;onemetricton=2,204pounds.)1 Non power-generation uses that coal power is responsible for much of the U.S. power generation-related emissions of PM2.5 (51%), NOx
Vermont, University of
Performance-oriented packaging testing of wood box for M83769/4-1 battery. Final report
The current packaging configuration for the M873769/4-1 Battery was tested for conformance to Performance Oriented Packaging regulations. The cleated plywood box was tested with a gross weight of 214 pounds and met the requirements and retained its contents.
F A C U L T Y O F E N G I N E E R I N G M C M A S T E R U N I V E R S I T Y F A L L 2 0 0 4 MacEngineer
or pressure tubes in CANDU nuclear reactors. The behaviour of zirconium intermetallic com- pounds containing tubes in CANDU reactors. In addition, Fe controls self and substi- tutional diffusion in both a. Acknowledgements This research project was funded mainly through a CANDU Owners Group (COG) contract and we wish
Haykin, Simon
Comparative study of 2-group P1 and diffusion theories for the calculation of the neutron noise in 1D 2-region systems
Demazière, Christophe
William F. (Rick) Brandes 8075 Leehaven Road
of hazardous priority chemicals from commerce through voluntary reduction efforts. In addition, #12;the branch million pounds of lead from the environment. Mr. Brandes additionally championed the integration of environmental endpoints into the existing system of Lean Manufacturing principles. This action was recognized
Preliminary Design of an Industrial/Commercial Microwave Clothes Dryer
Drying fabrics with microwave energy can reduce both the drying time and the drying temperature. This process provides a new level of fabric care to make all fabrics last longer and look better. The purpose of designing a 125-pound commercial/industrial microwave dryer was to perform cost exercises and calculate payback periods.
TSCA and the regulation of renewable chemicals
Biobased chemicals represent a multi-billion pound chemical business, and their share of the global chemical industry is expected to grow from 2% to 22% by 2025 TSCA and the regulation of renewable chemicals Publications aocs articles book books c
The perfect place for a pint!
cheese with tomatoes, red & green peppers black olives and Jalapeños oven baked with salsa and sour cream. Add Guacamole 2 Add spiced chicken or beef 4 Make it a large for 4 Wings 11 Chicken Wings by the pound tomatoes, feta cheese, parsley, red onion, garlic and basil served on toasted crostini Vegetable Spring
MacMillan, Andrew
H a n d b o o k P E N N S Y L V A N I A
make IPM a necessity, not an option. With production measured in pounds per square foot rather than in bushels or tons per acre, mushroom growing is very dense farming. If a pest gets into a room, it can. Increased regulations are driving up the cost of producing new pesticides, making it difficult or impossible
Boyer, Elizabeth W.
26 McCormick / spring ALL IN A DAY'S WORK
House, a 128-square-foot, zero-net-energy house that can operate completely o the grid (see photo that cost both the owner and the environment. The group can put a dollar figure on these energy losses's, it turned out, can save more than $700 a year and reduce his carbon footprint by 9,400 pounds per year
MacIver, Malcolm A.
CE 4990 -Construction Scheduling Week 1: Steel Frame Project
steel or about 10 pounds per square foot. Fabrication and erection cost $9 per square foot. A total . The building has four stories, 80,000 square feet of built area, weighs approximately 400 tons of structural and keeping costs low. 1This case study has been adapted from: Daccarett, V., and T. Mrozowski. 2005. Aisc
Mukherjee, Amlan
2009 Site Environmental Report Brookhaven National Laboratory
,000 gallons of propane 257 million ft3 feet of natural gas Energy use per square foot was ~ 8% less than,000 pounds of electronics #12;Pollution Prevention (P2) Program Ch. 2 Cost avoidance of over $5.5 million Funds invested in FY2009 = $24,000 15 proposals submitted, 5 funded Annual cost savings = $33
Imaging Lignin-Downregulated Alfalfa Using Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy
products and in industrial fermentation processes. Introduction Short-chain weak organic acids are potent acids also occur as inhibitory com- pounds in industrial fermentation processes. One important example is the detrimental effect of acetic acid and other weak acids on the production of bioethanol with the yeast
Xie, Xiaoliang Sunney
NRRI NowSpring/Summer 2008 GrowingStrongIndustries~DevelopingNewIdeas~NurturingNaturalResources
,500 mattresses a month to Duluth Goodwill Industries (and growing!) 360 pounds per cubic yard compaction rateNRRI NowSpring/Summer 2008 GrowingStrongIndustries~DevelopingNewIdeas~NurturingNaturalResources 2 The afterlife of mattresses Birds in the riparian zone Pellet industry heats up Watchdogs for change Biology
Netoff, Theoden
Reduction of Water Consumption
Cooling systems using water evaporation to dissipate waste heat, will require one pound of water per 1,000 Btu. To reduce water consumption, a combination of "DRY" and "WET" cooling elements is the only practical answer. This paper reviews the various options available: WET-DRY towers, or DRY-WET, or combination WET and DRY towers!
Adler, J.
A Monthly Safety Bulletin The Office of the NASA
recently became aware of one such change affecting Boeing 737 aircraft through the following pilot report B-737s] have been increased by as much as 20 knots. So a heavy B-737-400, e.g., 119,000 pounds, has gross weights. In May 1999, following an industry/government evaluation, the Boeing Company issued
Federal Regulations Affecting Use of Pesticides1 Frederick M. Fishel2
pesticide was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use on fruit and vegetable crops, mainly. "Farmers use 200 to 300 pounds of Midas per acre and nearly 80 percent of the pesticide is not effective the molecular structure of a pesticide to determine if the product could be made more efficient... Click here
Watson, Craig A.
SEARCH FUTURITY Go Futurity: Discover the Future
. "Farmers use 200 to 300 pounds of Midas per acre and nearly 80 percent of the pesticide is not effective 180 times) Tags: agriculture, carcinogens, environmental sciences, food crops, fumigant, pesticides, 2012 13:36 - 0 Comments Different mix may make pesticide safer "Gas lost to the atmosphere could pose
Glaser, Rainer