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Optical absorption measurement system
DOE Patents (OSTI)
The system of the present invention contemplates a non-intrusive method for measuring the temperature rise of optical elements under high laser power optical loading to determine the absorption coefficient. The method comprises irradiating the optical element with a high average power laser beam, viewing the optical element with an infrared camera to determine the temperature across the optical element and calculating the absorption of the optical element from the temperature.
Draggoo, V.G.; Morton, R.G.; Sawicki, R.H.; Bissinger, H.D.
Draggoo, Vaughn G. (Livermore, CA); Morton, Richard G. (San Diego, CA); Sawicki, Richard H. (Pleasanton, CA); Bissinger, Horst D. (Livermore, CA)
Atmospheric optical calibration system
An atmospheric optical calibration system is provided to compare actual atmospheric optical conditions to standard atmospheric optical conditions on the basis of aerosol optical depth, relative air mass, and diffuse horizontal skylight to global horizontal photon flux ratio. An indicator can show the extent to which the actual conditions vary from standard conditions. Aerosol scattering and absorption properties, diffuse horizontal skylight to global horizontal photon flux ratio, and precipitable water vapor determined on a real-time basis for optical and pressure measurements are also used to generate a computer spectral model and for correcting actual performance response of a photovoltaic device to standard atmospheric optical condition response on a real-time basis as the device is being tested in actual outdoor conditions.
Hulstrom, Roland L. (Bloomfield, CO); Cannon, Theodore W. (Golden, CO)
An atmospheric optical calibration system is provided to compare actual atmospheric optical conditions to standard atmospheric optical conditions on the basis of aerosol optical depth, relative air mass, and diffuse horizontal skylight to global horizontal photon flux ratio. An indicator can show the extent to which the actual conditions vary from standard conditions. Aerosol scattering and absorption properties, diffuse horizontal skylight to global horizontal photon flux ratio, and precipitable water vapor determined on a real-time basis for optical and pressure measurements are also used to generate a computer spectral model and for correcting actual performance response of a photovoltaic device to standard atmospheric optical condition response on a real-time basis as the device is being tested in actual outdoor conditions. 7 figs.
Hulstrom, R.L.; Cannon, T.W.
Stereoscopic optical viewing system
An improved optical system which provides the operator with a stereoscopic viewing field and depth of vision, particularly suitable for use in various machines such as electron or laser beam welding and drilling machines. The system features two separate but independently controlled optical viewing assemblies from the eyepiece to a spot directly above the working surface. Each optical assembly comprises a combination of eye pieces, turning prisms, telephoto lenses for providing magnification, achromatic imaging relay lenses and final stage pentagonal turning prisms. Adjustment for variations in distance from the turning prisms to the workpiece, necessitated by varying part sizes and configurations and by the operator's visual accuity, is provided separately for each optical assembly by means of separate manual controls at the operator console or within easy reach of the operator.
Tallman, C.S.
Optics Supply Planning System
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The purpose of this study is to specify the design for an initial optics supply planning system for NIF, and to present quality assurance and test plans for the construction of the system as specified. The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a large laser facility that is just starting operations. Thousands of specialized optics are required to operate the laser, and must be exchanged over time based on the laser shot plan and predictions of damage. Careful planning and tracking of optic exchanges is necessary because of the tight inventory of spare optics, and the long lead times for optics procurements and production changes. Automated inventory forecasting and production planning tools are required to replace existing manual processes. The optics groups members who are expected to use the supply planning system are the stakeholders for this project, and are divided into three groups. Each of these groups participated in a requirements specification that was used to develop this design. (1) Optics Management--These are the top level stakeholdersk, and the final decision makers. This group is the interface to shot operations, is ultimately responsible for optics supply, and decides which exchanges will be made. (2) Work Center Managers--This group manages the on site optics processing work centers. They schedule the daily work center operations, and are responsible for developing long term processing, equipment, and staffing plans. (3) Component Engineers--This group manages the vendor contracts for the manufacture of new optics and the off site rework of existing optics. They are responsible for sourcing vendors, negotiating contracts, and managing vendor processes. The scope of this analysis is to describe the structure and design details of a system that will meet all requirements that were described by stakeholders and documented in the analysis model for this project. The design specifies the architecture, components, interfaces, and data stores of the system at a level of detail that can be used for construction and deployment. Test and quality assurance plans are also included to insure that the system delivers all requirements when it is built. The design is for an automated forecasting prototype that allocates inventory and processing resources in response to potentially daily changes in the forecasted optics exchanges required to operate NIF. It will automatically calculate future inventory levels and processing rates based on current inventory and projected exchanges, procurements, and capacities. It will include screens that allow users to readily assess the feasibility of the forecast, identify failures to meet the demand, revise input data, and re-run the automated forecast calculation. In addition, the system will automatically retrieve the current exchange demand from an external database. Approved forecasts from the system will automatically update work order plans and procurement plans in the existing inventory and production control database. The timing of optics exchanges affects the forecast of damage and future exchanges, so an approved exchange plan will be fed back to the demand database and be used to calculate the next demand projection. The system will read the demand data and update the forecast and output files daily. This specification has been divided into two parts. This document, Part 1 lays out the major design decisions and specifies the architectural, component, and data structure designs. Part 2 will add interface designs, quality assurance and testing plans, and deployment details.
Gaylord, J
Optical key system
An optical key system comprises a battery-operated optical key and an isolated lock that derives both its operating power and unlock signals from the correct optical key. A light emitting diode or laser diode is included within the optical key and is connected to transmit a bit-serial password. The key user physically enters either the code-to-transmit directly, or an index to a pseudorandom number code, in the key. Such person identification numbers can be retained permanently, or ephemeral. When a send button is pressed, the key transmits a beam of light modulated with the password information. The modulated beam of light is received by a corresponding optical lock with a photovoltaic cell that produces enough power from the beam of light to operate a password-screen digital logic. In one application, an acceptable password allows a two watt power laser diode to pump ignition and timing information over a fiberoptic cable into a sealed engine compartment. The receipt of a good password allows the fuel pump, spark, and starter systems to each operate. Therefore, bypassing the lock mechanism as is now routine with automobile thieves is pointless because the engine is so thoroughly disabled.
Hagans, Karla G. (Livermore, CA); Clough, Robert E. (Danville, CA)
Hagans, K.G.; Clough, R.E.
Optical fiber inspection system
A remote optical inspection system including an inspection head. The inspection head has a passageway through which pellets or other objects are passed. A window is provided along the passageway through which light is beamed against the objects being inspected. A plurality of lens assemblies are arranged about the window so that reflected light can be gathered and transferred to a plurality of coherent optical fiber light guides. The light guides transfer the light images to a television or other image transducer which converts the optical images into a representative electronic signal. The electronic signal can then be displayed on a signal viewer such as a television monitor for inspection by a person. A staging means can be used to support the objects for viewing through the window. Routing means can be used to direct inspected objects into appropriate exit passages for accepted or rejected objects. The inspected objects are advantageously fed in a singular manner to the staging means and routing means. The inspection system is advantageously used in an enclosure when toxic or hazardous materials are being inspected.
Moore, Francis W. (Richland, WA)
A remote optical inspection system including an inspection head. The inspection head has a passageway through which pellets or other objects are passed. A window is provided along the passageway through which light is beamed against the objects being inspected. A plurality of lens assemblies are arranged about the window so that reflected light can be gathered and transferred to a plurality of coherent optical fiber light guides. The light guides transfer the light images to a television or other image transducer which converts the optical images into a representative electronic signal. The electronic signal can then be displayed on a signal viewer such as a television monitor for inspection by a person. A staging means can be used to support the objects for viewing through the window. Routing means can be used to direct inspected objects into appropriate exit passages for accepted or rejected objects. The inspected objects are advantageously fed in a singular manner to the staging means and routing means. The inspection system is advantageously used in an enclosure when toxic or hazardous materials are being inspected. 10 figs.
Moore, F.W.
System for testing optical fibers
A system for measuring a combination of optical transmission properties of fiber optic waveguides. A polarized light pulse probe is injected into one end of the optical fiber. Reflections from discontinuities within the fiber are unpolarized whereas reflections of the probe pulse incident to its injection remain polarized. The polarized reflections are prevented from reaching a light detector whereas reflections from the discontinuities reaches the detector. 2 figs.
Golob, J.E.; Looney, L.D.; Lyons, P.B.; Nelson, M.A.; Davies, T.J.
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Optical Fibers for Transmission, John Wiley and Sons, 9.Laboratories, Transmission Systems for Communications, BellANALOG FIBER OPTIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM G. Stover M.S. Thesis
Stover, G.
Nonimaging optical illumination system
A nonimaging illumination optical device for producing a selected far field illuminance over an angular range. The optical device includes a light source a light reflecting surface, and a family of light edge rays defined along a reference line with the reflecting surface defined in terms of the reference lines a parametric function R(t) where t is a scalar parameter position and R(t)=k(t)+Du(t) where k(t) is a parameterization of the reference line, and D is a distance from a point on the reference line to the reflection surface along the desired edge ray through the point. 35 figs.
Winston, R.; Ries, H.
A nonimaging illumination optical device for producing a selected far field illuminance over an angular range. The optical device includes a light source, a light reflecting surface, and a family of light edge rays defined along a reference line with the reflecting surface defined in terms of the reference line as a parametric function R(t) where t is a scalar parameter position and R(t)=k(t)+Du(t) where k(t) is a parameterization of the reference line, and D is a distance from a point on the reference line to the reflection surface along the desired edge ray through the point. 35 figs.
A nonimaging illumination optical device for producing a selected far field illuminance over an angular range. The optical device includes a light source 102, a light reflecting surface 108, and a family of light edge rays defined along a reference line 104 with the reflecting surface 108 defined in terms of the reference line 104 as a parametric function R(t) where t is a scalar parameter position and R(t)=k(t)+Du(t) where k(t) is a parameterization of the reference line 104, and D is a distance from a point on the reference line 104 to the reflection surface 108 along the desired edge ray through the point.
Winston, Roland (Chicago, IL); Ries, Harald (Villigen, CH)
Winston, Roland (Chicago, IL); Ries, Harald (Villigen PSI, CH)
Nonimaging Optical Illumination System
A nonimaging illumination or concentration optical device. An optical device is provided having a light source, a light reflecting surface with an opening and positioned partially around the light source which is opposite the opening of the light reflecting surface. The light reflecting surface is disposed to produce a substantially uniform intensity output with the reflecting surface defined in terms of a radius vector R.sub.i in conjunction with an angle .phi..sub.i between R.sub.i, a direction from the source and an angle .theta..sub.i between direct forward illumination and the light ray reflected once from the reflecting surface. R.sub.i varies as the exponential of tan (.phi..sub.i -.theta..sub.i)/2 integrated over .phi..sub.i.
Winston, Roland (Chicago, IL)
Applying System Engineering to Pharmaceutical Safety
While engineering techniques are used in the development of medical devices and have been applied to individual healthcare processes, such as the use of checklists in surgery and ICUs, the application of system engineering ...
Couturier, Matthieu
A nonimaging illumination optical device for producing selected intensity output over an angular range. The device includes a light reflecting surface (24, 26) around a light source (22) which is disposed opposite the aperture opening of the light reflecting surface (24, 26). The light source (22) has a characteristic dimension which is small relative to one or more of the distance from the light source (22) to the light reflecting surface (24, 26) or the angle subtended by the light source (22) at the light reflecting surface (24, 26).
Applied Optical Systems | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
NREL Yes Partnership Type CRADA Partnering Center within NREL National Center for Photovoltaics Partnership Year 2008 Link to project description http:www.nrel.gov...
Available Technologies: Optical Synchronization Systems for ...
Optical Synchronization Systems for Femtosecond Light Sources . ... The invention enables synchronizing signals to be trasnmitted over standard fiber optic lines to a ...
SciTech Connect
A system for nondestructively determining the attenuation coefficient, .alpha.(.lambda.), of low-loss optical fiber wave guides. Cerenkov light pulses are generated at a plurality of locations in the fiber by a beam of charged particles. The transit times of selected spectral components and their intensities are utilized to unfold the .alpha.(.lambda.) values over the measured spectrum.
Davies, Terence J. (Santa Barbara, CA); Franks, Larry A. (Santa Barbara, CA); Nelson, Melvin A. (Santa Barbara, CA)
Gregorian optical system with non-linear optical technology for protection against intense optical transients
An optical system comprising a concave primary mirror reflects light through an intermediate focus to a secondary mirror. The secondary mirror re-focuses the image to a final image plane. Optical limiter material is placed near the intermediate focus to optically limit the intensity of light so that downstream components of the optical system are protected from intense optical transients. Additional lenses before and/or after the intermediate focus correct optical aberrations.
Ackermann, Mark R. (Albuquerque, NM); Diels, Jean-Claude M. (Albuquerque, NM)
Fiber optic inclination detector system
A fiber optic inclination detector system for determining the angular displacement of an object from a reference surface includes a simple mechanical transducer which requires a minimum number of parts and no electrical components. The system employs a single light beam which is split into two light beams and provided to the transducer. Each light beam is amplitude modulated upon reflecting off the transducer to detect inclination. The power values associated with each of the reflected light beams are converted by a pair of photodetectors into voltage signals, and a microprocessor manipulates the voltage signals to provide a measure of the angular displacement between the object and the reference surface.
Cwalinski, J.P.
The Applied Mathematics for Power Systems (AMPS)
Increased deployment of new technologies, e.g., renewable generation and electric vehicles, is rapidly transforming electrical power networks by crossing previously distinct spatiotemporal scales and invalidating many traditional approaches for designing, analyzing, and operating power grids. This trend is expected to accelerate over the coming years, bringing the disruptive challenge of complexity, but also opportunities to deliver unprecedented efficiency and reliability. Our Applied Mathematics for Power Systems (AMPS) Center will discover, enable, and solve emerging mathematics challenges arising in power systems and, more generally, in complex engineered networks. We will develop foundational applied mathematics resulting in rigorous algorithms and simulation toolboxes for modern and future engineered networks. The AMPS Center deconstruction/reconstruction approach 'deconstructs' complex networks into sub-problems within non-separable spatiotemporal scales, a missing step in 20th century modeling of engineered networks. These sub-problems are addressed within the appropriate AMPS foundational pillar - complex systems, control theory, and optimization theory - and merged or 'reconstructed' at their boundaries into more general mathematical descriptions of complex engineered networks where important new questions are formulated and attacked. These two steps, iterated multiple times, will bridge the growing chasm between the legacy power grid and its future as a complex engineered network.
Chertkov, Michael [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Technology reviews: Daylighting optical systems
We present a representative review of existing, emerging, and future technology options in each of five hardware and systems areas in envelope and lighting technologies: lighting systems, glazing systems, shading systems, daylighting optical systems, and dynamic curtain wall systems. The term technology is used here to describe any design choice for energy efficiency, ranging from individual components to more complex systems to general design strategies. The purpose of this task is to characterize the state of the art in envelope and lighting technologies in order to identify those with promise for advanced integrated systems, with an emphasis on California commercial buildings. For each technology category, the following activities have been attempted to the extent possible: Identify key performance characteristics and criteria for each technology. Determine the performance range of available technologies. Identify the most promising technologies and promising trends in technology advances. Examine market forces and market trends.Develop a continuously growing in-house database to be used throughout the project. A variety of information sources have been used in these technology characterizations, including miscellaneous periodicals, manufacturer catalogs and cut sheets, other research documents, and data from previous computer simulations. We include these different sources in order to best show the type and variety of data available, however publication here does not imply our guarantee of these data. Within each category, several broad classes are identified, and within each class we examine the generic individual technologies that fall into that class.
Schuman, J.; Rubinstein, F.; Papamichael, K.; Beltran, L.; Lee, E.S.; Selkowitz, S.
Applied nonlinear optics in the journal 'Quantum Electronics'
A brief historical review of the experimental and theoretical works on nonlinear optical frequency conversion (generation of harmonics, up- and down-conversion, parametric oscillation), which have been published in the journal 'Quantum Electronics' for the last 40 years, is presented.
Grechin, Sergei G; Dmitriev, Valentin G; Chirkin, Anatolii S
Porous silicon optical cavity structure applied to high sensitivity organic solvent sensor
The present work reports the thermal annealing process, the number of layer and electrochemical process effect in the optical response quality of Bragg and microcavity devices that were applied as organic solvent sensors. These devices have been obtained ... Keywords: Microcavities, Optical sensors, Photonic crystal, Porous silicon
Danilo R. Huanca; Francisco J. Ramirez-Fernandez; Walter J. Salcedo
Roadmap: Applied Engineering Manufacturing Systems Bachelor of Science
Roadmap: Applied Engineering Manufacturing Systems Bachelor of Science [AT 15000 Introduction to Human Communication 3 Fulfills Kent Core Additional Kent Core Requirement 3 See #12;Roadmap: Applied Engineering Manufacturing Systems Bachelor of Science [AT
Sheridan, Scott
Applying Innovation System Concept in Agricultural Research for
Applying Innovation System Concept in Agricultural Research for Applying Innovation System Concept in Agricultural Research for Development: A learning module Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Applying Innovation System Concept in Agricultural Research for Development: A learning module Agency/Company /Organization: International Livestock Research Institute Sector: Land Focus Area: Agriculture Topics: Policies/deployment programs Resource Type: Training materials Website: mahider.ilri.org/bitstream/10568/167/1/Innovation_System_Agric_LM.pdf Applying Innovation System Concept in Agricultural Research for Development: A learning module Screenshot References: Applying Innovation System Concept in Agricultural Research for Development: A learning module[1] Preface "Sustained agricultural growth requires, among others, increased
Modular Systems Biology applied to TGFbeta and DNA Damage Response...
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Modular Systems Biology applied to TGFbeta and DNA Damage Response Signaling following Low Dose Radiation Francis Cucinotta NASA Johnson Space Center Abstract Modular systems...
Optically pumped isotopic ammonia laser system
An optically pumped isotopic ammonia laser system which is capable of producing a plurality of frequencies in the middle infrared spectral region. Two optical pumping mechanisms are disclosed, i.e., pumping on R(J) and lasing on P(J) in response to enhancement of rotational cascade lasing including stimulated Raman effects, and, pumping on R(J) and lasing on P(J+2). The disclosed apparatus for optical pumping include a hole coupled cavity and a grating coupled cavity.
Buchwald, Melvin I. (Santa Fe, NM); Jones, Claude R. (Los Alamos, NM); Nelson, Leonard Y. (Seattle, WA)
MONOCULAR OPTICAL FLOW FOR REALTIME VISION SYSTEMS Stephen M. Benoit and Frank P. Ferrie TRCIM96 268510 FAX: (514) 3987348 Email: email@example.com #12; MONOCULAR OPTICAL FLOW FOR REALTIME VISION
Dudek, Gregory
Optics and multilayer coatings for EUVL systems
EUV lithography (EUVL) employs illumination wavelengths around 13.5 nm, and in many aspects it is considered an extension of optical lithography, which is used for the high-volume manufacturing (HVM) of today's microprocessors. The EUV wavelength of illumination dictates the use of reflective optical elements (mirrors) as opposed to the refractive lenses used in conventional lithographic systems. Thus, EUVL tools are based on all-reflective concepts: they use multilayer (ML) coated optics for their illumination and projection systems, and they have a ML-coated reflective mask.
Soufli, R; Bajt, S; Hudyma, R M; Taylor, J S
Optics A computer program to calculate the optical properties of glazing systems and laminates. The program can be used to construct new laminates from existing components and...
EG G Mound Applied Technologies payroll system
EG G Mound Applied Technologies, Inc., manages and operates the Mound Facility, Miamisburg, Ohio, under a cost-plus-award-fee contract administered by the Department of Energy's Albuquerque Field Office. The contractor's Payroll Department is responsible for prompt payment in the proper amount to all persons entitled to be paid, in compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and legal decisions. The objective was to determine whether controls were in place to avoid erroneous payroll payments. EG G Mound Applied Technologies, Inc., did not have all the internal controls required by General Accounting Office Title 6, Pay, Leave, and Allowances.'' Specifically, they did not have computerized edits, separation of duties and responsibilities, and restricted access to payroll data files. This condition occurred because its managers were not aware of Title 6 requirements. As a result, the contractor could not assure the Department of Energy that payroll costs were processes accurately; and fraud, waste, or abuse of Department of Energy funds could go undetected. Our sample of 212 payroll transactions from a population of 66,000 in FY 1991 disclosed only two minor processing errors and no instances of fraud, waste or abuse.
Not Available
Characterization of Optical Fiber Strength Under Applied Tensile Stress and Bending Stress
Various types of tensile testing and bend radius tests were conducted on silica core/silica cladding optical fiber of different diameters with different protective buffer coatings, fabricated by different fiber manufacturers. The tensile tests were conducted to determine not only the average fiber strengths at failure, but also the distribution in fracture strengths, as well as the influence of buffer coating on fracture strength. The times-to-failure of fiber subjected to constant applied bending stresses of various magnitudes were measured to provide a database from which failure times of 20 years or more, and the corresponding minimum bend radius, could be extrapolated in a statistically meaningful way. The overall study was done to provide an understanding of optical fiber strength in tensile loading and in applied bending stress as related to applications of optical fiber in various potential coizfgurations for weapons and enhanced surveillance campaigns.
P.E. Klingsporn
Applied Materials Switzerland SA Formerly HCT Shaping Systems SA | Open
Switzerland SA Formerly HCT Shaping Systems SA Switzerland SA Formerly HCT Shaping Systems SA Jump to: navigation, search Name Applied Materials Switzerland SA (Formerly HCT Shaping Systems SA) Place Chezeaux, Switzerland Zip 1033 Product Manufacturer of wire saws for the semiconductor and photovoltaic wafer slicing industries. References Applied Materials Switzerland SA (Formerly HCT Shaping Systems SA)[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Applied Materials Switzerland SA (Formerly HCT Shaping Systems SA) is a company located in Chezeaux, Switzerland . References ↑ "[ Applied Materials Switzerland SA (Formerly HCT Shaping Systems SA)]" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Applied_Materials_Switzerland_SA_Formerly_HCT_Shaping_Systems_SA&oldid=342245"
Crosstalk due to optical demultiplexing in subcarrier multiplexed systems
We report an in-depth investigation of the inter-modulation crosstalk in subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) systems with optical demultiplexing (ODeMux). Both theoretical derivations and numerical simulations show that the crosstalk in ODeMux systems mainly ... Keywords: Crosstalk analysis, Optical communications, Optical signal processing, Optical-label switching (OLS), Passive optical networks (PON), Subcarrier multiplexing (SCM)
Zuqing Zhu
Optical switching system and method
An optically bistable device is disclosed. The device includes a uniformly thick layer of amorphous silicon to constitute a Fabry-Perot chamber positioned to provide a target area for a probe beam. The probe beam has a maximum energy less than the energy band gap of the amorphous semiconductor. In a preferred embodiment, a multilayer dielectric mirror is positioned on the Fabry-Perot chamber to increase the finesse of switching of the device. The index of refraction of the amorphous material is thermally altered to alter the transmission of the probe beam.
Ranganathan, Radha (N. Tonawanda, NY); Gal, Michael (Engadine, AU); Taylor, P. Craig (Salt Lake City, UT)
Efficient optical pulse stacker system
Method and apparatus for spreading and angle-encoding each pulse of a multiplicity of small area, short pulses into several temporally staggered pulses by use of appropriate beam splitters, with the optical elements being arranged so that each staggered pulse is contiguous with one or two other such pulses, and the entire sequence of stacked pulses comprising a single, continuous long pulse. The single long pulse is expanded in area, and then doubly passed through a nonstorage laser amplifier such as KrF. After amplification, the physically separated, angle-encoded and temporally staggered pulses are recombined into a single pulse of short duration. This high intensity output beam is well collimated and may be propagated over long distance, or used for irradiating inertial confinement fusion targets.
Seppala, Lynn G. (Pleasanton, CA); Haas, Roger A. (Pleasanton, CA)
An Observation System Using Both Optical Stitching and Video Geo ...
home \\ technologies \\ optical stitching and video geo registration. Technologies: Ready-to-Sign Licenses: Software: Patents: An Observation System Using Both Optical ...
Multiple channel optical data acquisition system
A multiple channel optical data acquisition system is provided in which a plurality of remote sensors monitoring specific process variable are interrogated by means of a single optical fiber connecting the remote station/sensors to a base station. The remote station/sensors derive all power from light transmitted through the fiber from the base station. Each station/sensor is individually accessed by means of a light modulated address code sent over the fiber. The remote station/sensors use a single light emitting diode to both send and receive light signals to communicate with the base station and provide power for the remote station. The system described can power at least 100 remote station/sensors over an optical fiber one mile in length.
Fasching, G.E.; Goff, D.R.
Injection-seeded optical parametric oscillator and system
Optical parametric oscillators (OPO) and systems are provided. The OPO has a non-linear optical material located between two optical elements where the product of the reflection coefficients of the optical elements are higher at the output wavelength than at either the pump or idler wavelength. The OPO output may be amplified using an additional optical parametric amplifier (OPA) stage.
Lucht, Robert P. (West Lafayette, IN); Kulatilaka, Waruna D. (West Lafayette, IN); Anderson, Thomas N. (Seguin, TX); Bougher, Thomas L. (Dublin, OH)
Optical Blade Position Tracking System Test
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The Optical Blade Position Tracking System Test measures the blade deflection along the span of the blade using simple off-the-shelf infrared security cameras along with blade-mounted retro-reflective tape and video image processing hardware and software to obtain these measurements.
Fingersh, L. J.
Birefringence insensitive optical coherence domain reflectometry system
A birefringence insensitive fiber optic optical coherence domain reflectometry (OCDR) system is provided containing non-polarization maintaining (non-PM) fiber in the sample arm and the reference arm without suffering from signal degradation caused by birefringence. The use of non-PM fiber significantly reduces the cost of the OCDR system and provides a disposable or multiplexed section of the sample arm. The dispersion in the reference arm and sample arm of the OCDR system are matched to achieve high resolution imaging. This system is useful in medical applications or for non-medical in situ probes. The disposable section of non-PM fiber in the sample arm can be conveniently replaced when contaminated by a sample or a patient.
Everett, Matthew J. (Livermore, CA); Davis, Joseph G. (Lafayette, CA)
Fiber coupled optical spark delivery system
A spark delivery system for generating a spark using a laser beam is provided, the spark delivery system including a laser light source and a laser delivery assembly. The laser delivery assembly includes a hollow fiber and a launch assembly comprising launch focusing optics to input the laser beam in the hollow fiber. In addition, the laser delivery assembly includes exit focusing optics that demagnify an exit beam of laser light from the hollow fiber, thereby increasing the intensity of the laser beam and creating a spark. In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, the assembly may be used to create a spark in a combustion engine. In accordance with other embodiments of the present invention, a method of using the spark delivery system is provided. In addition, a method of choosing an appropriate fiber for creating a spark using a laser beam is also presented.
Yalin, Azer (Fort Collins, CO); Willson, Bryan (Fort Collins, CO); Defoort, Morgan (Fort Collins, CO)
Fiber laser coupled optical spark delivery system
A spark delivery system for generating a spark using a laser beam is provided, and includes a laser light source and a laser delivery assembly. The laser delivery assembly includes a hollow fiber and a launch assembly comprising launch focusing optics to input the laser beam in the hollow fiber. The laser delivery assembly further includes exit focusing optics that demagnify an exit beam of laser light from the hollow fiber, thereby increasing the intensity of the laser beam and creating a spark. Other embodiments use a fiber laser to generate a spark. Embodiments of the present invention may be used to create a spark in an engine. Yet other embodiments include collecting light from the spark or a flame resulting from the spark and conveying the light for diagnostics. Methods of using the spark delivery systems and diagnostic systems are provided.
Yalin, Azer (Fort Collins, CO); Willson, Bryan (Fort Collins, CO); Defoort, Morgan (Fort Collins, CO); Joshi, Sachin (Fort Collins, CO); Reynolds, Adam (Fort Collins, CO)
Optical Transition Radiation System for ATF2
In this paper we present the first measurements performed during the fall 2010 and early 2011 runs. Software development, simulations and hardware improvements to the Multi-Optical Transition Radiation System installed in the beam diagnostic section of the Extraction line of ATF2 are described. 2D emittance measurements have been performed and the system is being routinely used for coupling correction. Realistic beam simulations have been made and compared with the measurements. A demagnifier lens system to improve the beam finding procedure has been designed and will be implemented in a future run. We also discuss further work planned for the subsequent run periods.
Alabau-Gonzalvo, J.; Gutierrez, C.Blanch; Faus-Golfe, A.; Garcia-Garrigos, J.J.; /Valencia U., IFIC; Cruz, J.; McCormick, D.; White, G.; Woodley, M.; /SLAC
Fiber optic systems for mobile platforms II
This book contains papers presented at the symposium of International Society for Optical Engineering. Topics covered/include: Fiber optic pressure sensor for internal combustion engine; Automotive fiber optic technology: application issues; and Fiber optic guided missile.
Lewis, N.E.; Moore, E.L.
Distributed fiber optic moisture intrusion sensing system
Method and system for monitoring and identifying moisture intrusion in soil such as is contained in landfills housing radioactive and/or hazardous waste. The invention utilizes the principle that moist or wet soil has a higher thermal conductance than dry soil. The invention employs optical time delay reflectometry in connection with a distributed temperature sensing system together with heating means in order to identify discrete areas within a volume of soil wherein temperature is lower. According to the invention an optical element and, optionally, a heating element may be included in a cable or other similar structure and arranged in a serpentine fashion within a volume of soil to achieve efficient temperature detection across a large area or three dimensional volume of soil. Remediation, moisture countermeasures, or other responsive action may then be coordinated based on the assumption that cooler regions within a soil volume may signal moisture intrusion where those regions are located.
Weiss, Jonathan D. (Albuquerque, NM)
C: Applying the Toyota Production System to a Hospital Pharmacy
This paper presents the early results of an action research project to apply the principles of the Toyota Production System to a hospital pharmacy. We demonstrate that work systems can be improved through Bowen and Spear�s [3] Rules-in-Use: defining activities better, making simpler and more direct connections, and/or smoothing pathways. We also extend this work by introducing a problem-solving tool to facilitate process improvement. The paper will describe the interventions attempted, the results, and implications for applying the Rules-in-Use to health care environments.
Durward K. Sobek; Cindy Jimmerson
International Conference on Experimental Mechanics We describe a methodology to relate optical signals to surface motion, and apply it to the
. The telescopic optical system is shown with the fiber-optically coupled single-element sensor. Figures 19 and 20 with the optical measurements. We show how the optical system is capable of detecting theoretically expected modal achromatic telescope Meade Optical flip-mirror Model 647 Fiber-optically coupled near-infrared (1.6 micron
Kielkopf, John
Generative Design Systems Applied to Low-Energy Buildings
Generative Design Systems Applied to Low-Energy Buildings Generative Design Systems Applied to Low-Energy Buildings Speaker(s): Maria Luisa de Oliveira Gama Caldas Date: March 15, 2012 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Paul Mathew Generative Design Systems (GDS) represent a step beyond parametric models, integrating design goals, building simulations and shape generation. In this seminar, present and future research projects on the application of different GDS to low-energy buildings are discussed. The software GENE_ARCH integrates energy simulations with multicriteria search methods such as pareto genetic algorithms, to locate acceptable alternatives that move the current design towards performance goals set by the user. DIVA, a system that integrates parametric geometrical modeling with Radiance, Daysim and
Applied Optoelectronics | Open Energy Information
optical semiconductor devices, packaged optical components, optical subsystems, laser transmitters, and fiber optic transceivers. References Applied Optoelectronics1...
Fiber optically isolated and remotely stabilized data transmission system
A fiber optically isolated and remotely stabilized data transmission systems described wherein optical data may be transmitted over an optical data fiber from a remote source which includes a data transmitter and a power supply at the remote source. The transmitter may be remotely calibrated and stabilized via an optical control fiber, and the power source may be remotely cycled between duty and standby modes via an optical control fiber. 3 figs.
Nelson, M.A.
A fiber optically isolated and remotely stabilized data transmission system s described wherein optical data may be transmitted over an optical data fiber from a remote source which includes a data transmitter and a power supply at the remote source. The transmitter may be remotely calibrated and stabilized via an optical control fiber, and the power source may be remotely cycled between duty and standby modes via an optical control fiber.
Nelson, Melvin A. (Santa Barbara, CA)
A fiber optically isolated and remotely stabilized data transmission system
It is, an object of this invention to provide a fiber optically isolated and remotely stabilized data transmission system wherein optical data may be transmitted over an optical data fiber from a remote source which includes a data transmitter and a power supply at the remote source, the transmitter may be remotely calibrated and stabilized via an optical control fiber, and the power source may be remotely cycled between duty and standby modes via an optical control fiber.
Systems and methods for free space optical communication
Free space optical communication methods and systems, according to various aspects are described. The methods and systems are characterized by transmission of data through free space with a digitized optical signal acquired using wavelength modulation, and by discrimination between bit states in the digitized optical signal using a spectroscopic absorption feature of a chemical substance.
Harper, Warren W [Benton City, WA; Aker, Pamela M [Richland, WA; Pratt, Richard M [Richland, WA
Precision-analog fiber-optic transmission system
This article describes the design, experimental development, and construction of a DC-coupled precision analog fiber optic link. Topics to be covered include overall electrical and mechanical system parameters, basic circuit organization, modulation format, optical system design, optical receiver circuit analysis, and the experimental verification of the major design parameters.
Optical monitoring system for a turbine engine
The monitoring system for a gas turbine engine including a viewing tube assembly having an inner end and an outer end. The inner end is located adjacent to a hot gas flow path within the gas turbine engine and the outer end is located adjacent to an outer casing of the gas turbine engine. An aperture wall is located at the inner end of the viewing tube assembly and an optical element is located within the viewing tube assembly adjacent to the inner end and is spaced from the aperture wall to define a cooling and purge chamber therebetween. An aperture is defined in the aperture wall for passage of light from the hot gas flow path to the optical element. Swirl passages are defined in the viewing tube assembly between the aperture wall and the optical element for passage of cooling air from a location outside the viewing tube assembly into the chamber, wherein swirl passages effect a swirling movement of air in a circumferential direction within the chamber.
Lemieux, Dennis H; Smed, Jan P; Williams, James P; Jonnalagadda, Vinay
Optical Interconnections within Modern High-performance Computing Systems
Optical technologies are ubiquitous in telecommunications networks and systems, providing multiple wave-length channels of transport at 2.5-10 Gbps data rates over single fiber-optic cables. Market pressures continue to drive the number of wavelength ...
Howard Davidson; Rick Lytel; Nyles Nettleton; Theresa Sze
Optical antenna design for indoor optical wireless communication systems: Research Articles
In the present paper, the design of the non-imaging totally internally reflecting concentrator family denominated optical antennas (OAs) is discussed, and its use for indoor optical wireless communication systems is explained. The lenses presented here ... Keywords: antenna, communications, indoor, infrared, optical, wireless
R. Ramirez-Iniguez; R. J. Green
Optical fiber imaging for high speed plasma motion diagnostics: Applied to low voltage circuit breakers
An integrated portable measurement system is described for the study of high speed and high temperature unsteady plasma flows such as those found in the vicinity of high current switching arcs. An array of optical fibers allows the formation of low spatial resolution images, with a maximum capture rate of 1x10{sup 6} images per second (1 MHz), with 8 bit intensity resolution. Novel software techniques are reported to allow imaging of the arc; and to measure arc trajectories. Results are presented on high current (2 kA) discharge events in a model test fixture and on the application to a commercial low voltage circuit breaker.
McBride, J. W. [School of Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ (United Kingdom); Balestrero, A.; Tribulato, G. [ABB SACE DIVISION, ABB S.p.A., Via Baioni, Bergamo 35 IT-24123 (Italy); Ghezzi, L. [ABB SACE DIVISION, ABB S.p.A., Viale dell'Industria, Vittuone (MI)18 IT-20010 (Italy); Cross, K. J. [Taicaan Ltd., 2 Venture Road, Southampton Science Park, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 7NP (United Kingdom)
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis | Open Energy
Analysis Analysis Jump to: navigation, search Logo: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Name International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Address Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Place Laxenburg, Austria Number of employees 201-500 Year founded 1972 Phone number (+43 2236) 807 0 Coordinates 48.0682549°, 16.358201° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":48.0682549,"lon":16.358201,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Applying pomdps to dialog systems in the troubleshooting domain
This paper reports on progress applying partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) to a commercial dialog domain: troubleshooting. In the troubleshooting domain, a spoken dialog system helps a user to fix a product such as a failed DSL connection. Past work has argued that a POMDP is a principled approach to building spoken dialog systems in the simpler slot-filling domain; this paper explains how the POMDPs formulation can be extended to the more complex troubleshooting domain. Results from dialog simulation verify that a POMDP outperforms a handcrafted baseline. 1
Jason D. Williams
Computer aided design of long-haul optical transmission systems
We present a general overview of the role of computer models in the design and optimization of commercial optical transmission systems. Specifically, we discuss (1) the role of modeling in a commercial setting, (2) achieving the proper balance between ... Keywords: Long-Haul (LH) transmission, Ultra-Long Haul (ULH) transmission, optical communication, optical modeling
James G. Maloney; Brian E. Brewington; Curtis R. Menyuk
Stray Light Correction of the Marine Optical System
The Marine Optical System is a spectrograph-based sensor used on the Marine Optical Buoy for the vicarious calibration of ocean color satellite sensors. It is also deployed from ships in instruments used to develop bio-optical algorithms that ...
Michael E. Feinholz; Stephanie J. Flora; Mark A. Yarbrough; Keith R. Lykke; Steven W. Brown; B. Carol Johnson; Dennis K. Clark
Multiparameter fiber optic sensing system for monitoring enhanced geothermal systems
The goal of this project was to design, fabricate and test an optical fiber cable which supports multiple sensing modalities for measurements in the harsh environment of enhanced geothermal systems. To accomplish this task, optical fiber was tested at both high temperatures and strains for mechanical integrity, and in the presence of hydrogen for resistance to darkening. Both single mode (SM) and multimode (MM) commercially available optical fiber were identified and selected for the cable based on the results of these tests. The cable was designed and fabricated using a tube-within-tube construction containing two MM fibers and one SM fiber, and without supporting gel that is not suitable for high temperature environments. Commercial fiber optic sensing instruments using Raman DTS (distributed temperature sensing), Brillouin DTSS (distributed temperature and strain sensing), and Raleigh COTDR (coherent optical time domain reflectometry) were selected for field testing. A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) pressure sensor was designed, fabricated, packaged, and calibrated for high pressure measurements at high temperatures and spliced to the cable. A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensor was also spliced to the cable. A geothermal well was selected and its temperature and pressure were logged. The cable was then deployed in the well in two separate field tests and measurements were made on these different sensing modalities. Raman DTS measurements were found to be accurate to �?�?�?±5�?�?�?°C, even with some residual hydrogen darkening. Brillouin DTSS measurements were in good agreement with the Raman results. The Rayleigh COTDR instrument was able to detect some acoustic signatures, but was generally disappointing. The FBG sensor was used to determine the effects of hydrogen darkening, but drift over time made it unreliable as a temperature or pressure sensor. The MEMS sensor was found to be highly stable and accurate to better than its 0.1% calibration.
William A. Challener
Optical systems fabricated by printing-based assembly - Energy ...
Provided are optical devices and systems fabricated, at least in part, via printing-based assembly and integration of device components. In specific embodiments the ...
Cellular / wireless LAN repeater system by wireless optical link with optical power supply
Wireless market, such as cellular systems and wireless LAN, becomes huge and is still expanding. Since operational frequency and transmission bit rate are increasing, much more base stations or access points are necessary to overcome capacity and link ... Keywords: RoF, cellular system, optical power transmission, optical transmission, wireless
Nobuo Nakajima; Naohiro Yokota
Optics5 (5.1.02) Knowledge Base Optics5 (5.1.02) Knowledge Base Last Updated: 09/11/13 Table of Contents INSTALLATION EXECUTION bullet ** Operating Systems -- Microsoft Windows 7 and Vista ** bullet ** Running Optics5 with Microsoft Windows 7 and Vista ** bullet ** Running Optics5 with Microsoft Windows 7 and Vista 64 bit ** Optics5 may not work correctly with regional/locale settings using "," as a decimal separator. bullet Which Windows operating systems can be used to run Optics? "Class Does Not Support Automation or Expected Interface" error message bullet How much hard disk space should be available to install Optics? Optics user manual bullet I receive a virus warning (nimda-virus) when installing Optics. What should I do? NFRC Procedure for Applied Films bullet I have installed Optics but I can't find the program or the icon.
Nuclear safety as applied to space power reactor systems
To develop a strategy for incorporating and demonstrating safety, it is necessary to enumerate the unique aspects of space power reactor systems from a safety standpoint. These features must be differentiated from terrestrial nuclear power plants so that our experience can be applied properly. Some ideas can then be developed on how safe designs can be achieved so that they are safe and perceived to be safe by the public. These ideas include operating only after achieving a stable orbit, developing an inherently safe design, ''designing'' in safety from the start and managing the system development (design) so that it is perceived safe. These and other ideas are explored further in this paper.
Cummings, G.E.
The Multi Optical Transition Radiation System
The determination and monitoring of the transverse phase space in ATF2 is crucial in order to meet their performances specifications. Since the beam sizes at the Interaction Point (IP) depend strongly on the aberrations in the Final Focus System (FFS), accurate measurement upstream of the FFS is required to tune the beam sizes at the IP. The beam sizes as well as the emittance are measured in several locations in the beam diagnostic section of the Extraction Line (EXT line) of ATF2. The vertical beam sizes in the diagnostic section are of the order of 10 {mu}m this means that the devices have to image spot sizes as small as 5 {mu}m, with 10% accuracy a 2 {mu}m resolution device is necessary. The ATF2 EXT line is a beam line with low power and low repetition rate that make usable devices using solid targets. In contrast to a ring machine, where an individual bunch can be measured many times as it passes around the ring, the beam size and the emittance measurement in the LC or in the beam lines have to be performed in a single pass. This requires that the wire scan device types (laser or solid) sample across successive bunches within a train, often with an over-estimation of the beam size due to beam position and intensity jitter, and can take up to half a minute to complete the measurement. Although some of these effects could be corrected, as the jitter effect could be subtracted by using the nearby BPMs signals, this can be avoided by using Optical Transition Radiation (OTR) Monitors. These monitors are based on the transition radiation effect, a light cone emitted when the charged particle crosses a metallic interface. This light is emitted in a specular fashion so it can be focused on to a CCD and produces an image of the beam. OTRs are able to take many fast measurements and therefore to measure the emittance with high statistics, giving a low error and a good understanding of the emittance jitter. In this article, simulations of the expected beam sizes and emittance, along with a technical description of the system, its hardware and software implementation are described. Additionally first measurement of the beam size and emittance of the Multi Optical Transition Radiation System located in the Extraction Line of ATF2 are presented.
Faus-Golfe, A.; Alabau-Gonzalvo, J.; Blanch Gutierrez, C.; /Valencia U., IFIC; McCormick, D.; Cruz, J.; Woodley, M.; White, G.; /SLAC
MONOCULAR OPTICAL FLOW FOR REAL-TIME VISION SYSTEMS Stephen M. Benoit and Frank P. Ferrie TR-CIM-96 268510 FAX: 514 398-7348 Email: email@example.com #12;MONOCULAR OPTICAL FLOW FOR REAL-TIME VISION SYSTEMS
Optical/electrical particle measurement system
... The microscope is outfitted with fast, computer-controlled cameras (both optical and fluorescence) and with a bright 480 nm light emitting diode(LED ...
Session: CSP Advanced Systems: Optical Materials (Presentation)
The Optical Materials project description is to characterize advanced reflector, perform accelerated and outdoor testing of commercial and experimental reflector materials, and provide industry support.
Kennedy, C.
Optical systems fabricated by printing-based assembly
Provided are optical devices and systems fabricated, at least in part, via printing-based assembly and integration of device components. In specific embodiments the present invention provides light emitting systems, light collecting systems, light sensing systems and photovoltaic systems comprising printable semiconductor elements, including large area, high performance macroelectronic devices. Optical systems of the present invention comprise semiconductor elements assembled, organized and/or integrated with other device components via printing techniques that exhibit performance characteristics and functionality comparable to single crystalline semiconductor based devices fabricated using conventional high temperature processing methods. Optical systems of the present invention have device geometries and configurations, such as form factors, component densities, and component positions, accessed by printing that provide a range of useful device functionalities. Optical systems of the present invention include devices and device arrays exhibiting a range of useful physical and mechanical properties including flexibility, shapeability, conformability and stretchablity.
Rogers, John (Champaign, IL); Nuzzo, Ralph (Champaign, IL); Meitl, Matthew (Durham, NC); Menard, Etienne (Durham, NC); Baca, Alfred J. (Urbana, IL); Motala, Michael (Champaign, IL); Ahn, Jong-Hyun (Suwon, KR); Park, Sang-II (Savoy, IL); Yu; Chang-Jae (Urbana, IL); Ko, Heung-Cho (Gwangju, KR); Stoykovich; Mark (Dover, NH); Yoon, Jongseung (Urbana, IL)
Scanning tunneling optical resonance microscopy applied to indium arsenide quantum dot structures.
??The technique of Scanning Tunneling Optical Resonance Microscopy (STORM) has been investigated for use on nanostructures. It has been demonstrated as a viable technique to� (more)
Byrnes, Daniel P.
Validation of optical remote sensing measurement strategies applied to industrial gas emissions
In May 2004 a field campaign was conducted at a power plant in Spain, aiming to validate the use of a miniaturized, fibre-optic, ultraviolet, differential optical absorption spectrometer (mini-DOAS) for sulfur dioxide (SO2) flux quantification. Emissions ...
C. Rivera; J. A. Garcia; B. Galle; L. Alonso; Yan Zhang; M. Johansson; M. Matabuena; G. Gangoiti
Proceedings: 3rd EPRI Optical Sensor Systems Workshop
These are the proceedings of the third Optical Sensor System Workshop, part of an ongoing effort by EPRI to support development of optical sensor technology, to identify benefits for utility users, and to position EPRI members as more ''informed buyers'' and users.
The Center for X-ray Optics - Now hiring engineers. Apply Today.
Database Nanomagnetism X-Ray Microscopy EUV Lithography EUV Mask Database Nanomagnetism X-Ray Microscopy EUV Lithography EUV Mask Imaging Reflectometry Zoneplate Lenses Coherent Optics Nanofabrication Optical Coatings Engineering Education Careers Publications Contact LBNL-Logo The Center for X-Ray Optics is a multi-disciplined research group within Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's (LBNL) Materials Sciences Division (MSD). Notice to users. Precision Engineering Building the tools that make nanoscience possible. A high-precision stage fabricated by CXRO's Instrument Fabrication Facility Zone plates Diffractive lenses for a new generation of x-ray beamlines. SEM image of a zoneplate fabricated by CXRO Interferometry Wavefront control with sub-angstrom sensitivity Null interferogram, in preparation for EUV metrology of the SEMATECH Berkeley Microfield Exposure Tool (MET)
Session 2 Optical Systems Rainer Mautz
egomotion tracking and mapping objects Combined: SLAM #12;Introduction 3 Success of optical positioning.e. lasers) computing data transmission rates image processing algorithms #12;Introduction 4 Reported detection direct view needed disturbing light local coverage Upper left: TrackSense Grid, upper right
Applying and analyzing robust modern control on uncertain hydraulic systems .
??In this work modern robust control systems are designed and compared to standard techniques for a hydraulic implement system. The system includes an independent metering� (more)
Bax, Brian
Design data brochure for a pyramidal optics solar system
This Design Data Brochure provides information on a Pyramidal Optics Solar System for solar heating and domestic hot water. The system is made up of the collecting, storage, and distribution subsystems. Contained in the brochure are such items as system description, available accessories, installation arrangements, physical data, piping and wiring diagrams, and guide specifications.
OPTICS (Version 5.1.02) OPTICS (Version 5.1.02) Release notes NOTE: See the Optics Knowledge Base for how to run this version of Optics on the Microsoft Vista and Microsoft Windows 7 operating systems March 5, 2003: Release Maintenance Pack 2 New ! January 7, 2003: Release Maintenance Pack 1 October 23, 2002: Release Optics 5.1.01 September 27, 2002: Release Optics 5.1.00 (only released on CDs at NFRC Annual Fall Meeting) Release notes Maintenance Pack 2 Bug fixes: New features: bullet Applied films that were created could not be saved or exported. This has been fixed. bullet Exporting glazing systems generated a message that the operation failed because the glazing system type is unknown. Glazing systems can now be exported to file (e.g. to view the spectral data), but the structure information will be lost.
First Light Adaptive Optics System for Large Binocular Telescope S. Espositoa
First Light Adaptive Optics System for Large Binocular Telescope S. Espositoa , A. Tozzia , D of the single conjugate Adaptive Optics system to be installed on the LBT telescope. This system will be located optics is supposed to start from the beginning. The Adaptive Optics system to be used in first light
Fini, Luca
Airborne Optical System for Remote Sensing of Ocean Waves
A compact, turret-based optical system has been designed and constructed for passive imaging of ocean waves using a small aircraft. The purpose of the system is to collect time series of images, which are mapped to a common geodetic surface in ...
J. P. Dugan; G. J. Fetzer; J. Bowden; G. J. Farruggia; J. Z. Williams; C. C. Piotrowski; K. Vierra; D. Campion; D. N. Sitter
System and method for ultrafast optical signal detecting via a synchronously coupled anamorphic light pulse encoded laterally
In one general embodiment, a method for ultrafast optical signal detecting is provided. In operation, a first optical input signal is propagated through a first wave guiding layer of a waveguide. Additionally, a second optical input signal is propagated through a second wave guiding layer of the waveguide. Furthermore, an optical control signal is applied to a top of the waveguide, the optical control signal being oriented diagonally relative to the top of the waveguide such that the application is used to influence at least a portion of the first optical input signal propagating through the first wave guiding layer of the waveguide. In addition, the first and the second optical input signals output from the waveguide are combined. Further, the combined optical signals output from the waveguide are detected. In another general embodiment, a system for ultrafast optical signal recording is provided comprising a waveguide including a plurality of wave guiding layers, an optical control source positioned to propagate an optical control signal towards the waveguide in a diagonal orientation relative to a top of the waveguide, at least one optical input source positioned to input an optical input signal into at least a first and a second wave guiding layer of the waveguide, and a detector for detecting at least one interference pattern output from the waveguide, where at least one of the interference patterns results from a combination of the optical input signals input into the first and the second wave guiding layer. Furthermore, propagation of the optical control signal is used to influence at least a portion of the optical input signal propagating through the first wave guiding layer of the waveguide.
Heebner, John E. (Livermore, CA)
Applied high resolution digital control for universal precision systems
This thesis describes the design and characterization of a high-resolution analog interface for dSPACE digital control systems and a high-resolution, high-speed data acquisition and control system. These designs are intended ...
Gawlik, Aaron John
Applying formal methods for the design of wireless telecommunication systems
The increasing complexity of modern telecommunication systems is one of the main issues encountered in most telecom products. Despite the plethora of methods and tools for efficient system design, verification and validation phases are still consuming ... Keywords: B language, formal methods, hardware/software codesign, wireless systems
Konstantinos Antonis; Nikolaos S. Voros
Applying Innovation System Concept in Agricultural Research for...
and impact orientation need to be integrated into the agricultural research process. The R&D system should think in terms of contributing to innovation. The Improving Productivity...
Optical diagnostics based on elastic scattering: An update of clinical demonstrations with the Optical Biopsy System
The Los Alamos National Laboratory has continued the development of the Optical Biopsy System (OBS) for noninvasive, real-time in situ diagnosis of tissue pathologies. Our clinical studies have expanded since the last Biomedical Optics Europe conference (Budapest, September 1993), and we report here on the latest results of clinical tests in gastrointestinal tract. The OBS invokes a unique approach to optical diagnosis of tissue pathologies based on the elastic scattering properties, over a wide range of wavelengths, of the tissue. The use of elastic scattering as the key to optical tissue diagnostics in the OBS is based on the fact that many tissue pathologies, including a majority of cancer forms, manifest significant architectural changes at the cellular and sub-cellular level. Since the cellular components that cause elastic scattering have dimensions typically on the order of visible to near-IR wavelengths, the elastic (Mie) scattering properties will be wavelength dependent. Thus, morphology and size changes can be expected to cause significant changes in an optical signature that is derived from the wavelength-dependence of elastic scattering. The OBS employs a small fiberoptic probe that is amenable to use with any endoscope or catheter, or to direct surface examination. The probe is designed to be used in optical contact with the tissue under examination and has separate illuminating and collecting fibers. Thus, the light that is collected and transmitted to the analyzing spectrometer must first scatter through a small volume of the tissue before entering the collection fiber(s). Consequently, the system is also sensitive to the optical absorption spectrum of the tissue, over an effective operating range of <300 to 950 nm, and such absorption adds valuable complexity to the scattering spectral signature.
Bigio, I.J.; Boyer, J.; Johnson, T.M.; Lacey, J.; Mourant, J.R. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Conn, R. [Lovelace Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM (United States); Bohorfoush, A. [Wisconsin Medical School, Milwaukee, WI (United States)
EG&G Mound Applied Technologies payroll system
EG&G Mound Applied Technologies, Inc., manages and operates the Mound Facility, Miamisburg, Ohio, under a cost-plus-award-fee contract administered by the Department of Energy`s Albuquerque Field Office. The contractor`s Payroll Department is responsible for prompt payment in the proper amount to all persons entitled to be paid, in compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and legal decisions. The objective was to determine whether controls were in place to avoid erroneous payroll payments. EG&G Mound Applied Technologies, Inc., did not have all the internal controls required by General Accounting Office Title 6, ``Pay, Leave, and Allowances.`` Specifically, they did not have computerized edits, separation of duties and responsibilities, and restricted access to payroll data files. This condition occurred because its managers were not aware of Title 6 requirements. As a result, the contractor could not assure the Department of Energy that payroll costs were processes accurately; and fraud, waste, or abuse of Department of Energy funds could go undetected. Our sample of 212 payroll transactions from a population of 66,000 in FY 1991 disclosed only two minor processing errors and no instances of fraud, waste or abuse.
Applying the Toyota Production System to a Hospital Pharmacy Durward K. Sobek, II
Applying the Toyota Production System to a Hospital Pharmacy Durward K. Sobek, II Dept research project to apply the principles of the Toyota Production System to a hospital pharmacy. We. Keywords: Toyota Production System, health care, lean manufacturing 1. Introduction The Toyota Production
Sobek II, Durward K.
An applied study using systems engineering methods to prioritize green systems options
For many years, there have been questions about the effectiveness of applying different green solutions. If you're building a home and wish to use green technologies, where do you start? While all technologies sound promising, which will perform the best over time? All this has to be considered within the cost and schedule of the project. The amount of information available on the topic can be overwhelming. We seek to examine if Systems Engineering methods can be used to help people choose and prioritize technologies that fit within their project and budget. Several methods are used to gain perspective into how to select the green technologies, such as the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Kepner-Tregoe. In our study, subjects applied these methods to analyze cost, schedule, and trade-offs. Results will document whether the experimental approach is applicable to defining system priorities for green technologies.
Lee, Sonya M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Macdonald, John M [Los Alamos National Laboratory
An applied manufacturing system for highly-complex assembly factory
This thesis focuses on a manufacturing system at a semiconductor equipment manufacturing company (SEMC). The company faces highly variable demand for its products that require highly-complex assembly within the factory. ...
Umeda, Koji
System Configured For Applying Multiple Modifying Agents To A Substrate.
The present invention is related to the modifying of substrates with multiple modifying agents in a single continuous system. At least two processing chambers are configured for modifying the substrate in a continuous feed system. The processing chambers can be substantially isolated from one another by interstitial seals. Additionally, the two processing chambers can be substantially isolated from the surrounding atmosphere by end seals. Optionally, expansion chambers can be used to separate the seals from the processing chambers.
Propp, W. Alan (Idaho Falls, ID); Argyle, Mark D. (Idaho Falls, ID); Janikowski, Stuart K. (Idaho Falls, ID); Fox, Robert V. (Idaho Falls, ID); Toth, William J. (Idaho Falls, ID); Ginosar, Daniel M. (Idaho Falls, ID); Allen, Charles A. (Idaho Falls, ID); Miller, David L. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Nuclear magnetic flowmeter -- Spectrometer with fiber -optical communication line in cooling systems of atomic energy plants
Fiber-optic communication line for transmitting a signal of nuclear magnetic resonance of liquid medium in the ship's central computer was developed. This fiber-optic communication line allows us to give an NMR signal in digital or analog form without ... Keywords: FOCL transmission coefficient, Fiber optic communication line (FOCL), communication system, optical converter, optical modulator
V. V. Davydov; V. I. Dudkin; A. U. Karseev
Linearity and CNR Improvement Technologies against Optical Reflection inFiber-Oriented Wireless Access Systems
It is important to consider optical reflection conditions when designing fiber-oriented wireless access systems around subcarrier optical transmission since the noise characteristic can be significantly degraded by optical reflection, especially ... Keywords: intensity noise, optical reflection, predistorter, subcarrier optical transmission, superimposed subcarrier modulation, superluminescent diode
Yuji Aburakawa; Hiroyuki Ohtsuka
Meso-/micro-optical system interface coupling solutions.
Optoelectronic microsystems are more and more prevalent as researchers seek to increase transmission bandwidths, implement electrical isolation, enhance security, or take advantage of sensitive optical sensing methods. Board level photonic integration techniques continue to improve, but photonic microsystems and fiber interfaces remain problematic, especially upon size reduction. Optical fiber is unmatched as a transmission medium for distances ranging from tens of centimeters to kilometers. The difficulty with using optical fiber is the small size of the core (approximately 9 {micro}m for the core of single mode telecommunications fiber) and the tight requirement on spot size and input numerical aperture (NA). Coupling to devices such as vertical cavity emitting lasers (VCSELs) and photodetectors presents further difficulties since these elements work in a plane orthogonal to the electronics board and typically require additional optics. This leads to the need for a packaging solution that can incorporate dissimilar materials while maintaining the tight alignment tolerances required by the optics. Over the course of this LDRD project, we have examined the capabilities of components such as VCSELs and photodetectors for high-speed operation and investigated the alignment tolerances required by the optical system. A solder reflow process has been developed to help fulfill these packaging requirements and the results of that work are presented here.
Armendariz, Marcelino G.; Kemme, Shanalyn A.; Boye, Robert R. (01713 Photonic Microsystems Technology)
Energy Conservation-As it Applies to Condensate Return Systems
Valuable heat energy in condensate is wasted when it is vented to the atmosphere in the form of flash steam at many condensate pumping stations. This heat energy may be recovered and put to use if the pumping station can handle condensate temperatures above 212 �F. The Johnson Corporation has such a condensate pumping station that can handle multiple temperatures and pressures called the LIQUI-MOVER. The Liqui-Mover can be utilized in one of three types of condensate return systems: open, closed, and flash. The closed and flash type condensate return systems are the most energy efficient. The report will show how the Johnson Liqui-Mover operates and how this system has been and can be used to recover wasted flash steam.
Sneary, M. L.
Instrumentation & control architecture applied for a hydrogen isotopes storage system
The properties of hydrogen storage used materials refers to their ability to high "connect" hydrogen, to have a large storage capacity, to be easily achievable and, if necessary, to allow its easy recovery. The metals and intermetallic compounds are ... Keywords: architecture, control system, hydrogen, isotopes, storage
Eusebiu Ilarian Ionete; Bogdan Monea
Optical system for high resolution spectrometer/monochromator
An optical system for use in a spectrometer or monochromator employing a mirror which reflects electromagnetic radiation from a source to converge with same in a plane. A straight grooved, varied-spaced diffraction grating receives the converging electromagnetic radiation from the mirror and produces a spectral image for capture by a detector, target or like receiver.
Hettrick, Michael C. (Berkeley, CA); Underwood, James H. (Walnut Creek, CA)
A Global Climatology of Single-Layer and Overlapped Clouds and their Optical Properties Developed Using a New Algorithm Applied to Terra/MODIS Data
Global Climatology of Single-Layer and Overlapped Global Climatology of Single-Layer and Overlapped Clouds and their Optical Properties Developed Using a New Algorithm Applied to Terra/MODIS Data F.-L. Chang and Z. Li Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland College Park, Maryland Z. Li Department of Meteorology University of Maryland College Park, Maryland Introduction To date, weather satellites are the only tool to measure cloud and climate variables on a global scale, an objective addressed by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) (Rossow and Schiffer 1991; Rossow and Schiffer 1999). However, there is a dearth of information concerning the global climatology of cloud vertical structure and cirrus cloud properties. This is because the often-used
Multiparameter Fiber Optic Sensing System for Monitoring Enhanced
Multiparameter Fiber Optic Sensing System for Monitoring Enhanced Multiparameter Fiber Optic Sensing System for Monitoring Enhanced Geothermal Systems Geothermal Project Jump to: navigation, search Last modified on July 22, 2011. Project Title Multiparameter Fiber Optic Sensing System for Monitoring Enhanced Geothermal Systems Project Type / Topic 1 Recovery Act: Enhanced Geothermal Systems Component Research and Development/Analysis Project Type / Topic 2 High-Temperature Downhole Tools Project Description The multidisciplinary team, consisting of participants from GE, Qorex LLC, AFL Telecommunications and Sandia National Labs, has a strong record of successful harsh environment sensor technology development and will design and validate the reliability of a suite of distributed temperature, strain, vibration and precision point pressure fiber-based sensors. During the first year, the program will demonstrate fiber and sensor subsystem reliability in the presence of hydrogen at 374°C and 220 bar, which is critical to acceptance of this technology in EGS. Based on these results, a go/no-go decision will be made to complete any remaining development and proceed to prototype a high temperature cable which integrates these subsystems onto a single tool string to facilitate field deployment.
Optical diagnostics integrated with laser spark delivery system
Optical inspection system for cylindrical objects
In the inspection of cylindrical objects, particularly O-rings, the object is translated through a field of view and a linear light trace is projected on its surface. An image of the light trace is projected on a mask, which has a size and shape corresponding to the size and shape which the image would have if the surface of the object were perfect. If there is a defect, light will pass the mask and be sensed by a detector positioned behind the mask. Preferably, two masks and associated detectors are used, one mask being convex to pass light when the light trace falls on a projection from the surface and the other concave, to pass light when the light trace falls on a depression in the surface. The light trace may be either dynamic, formed by a scanned laser beam, or static, formed by such a beam focussed by a cylindrical lens. Means are provided to automatically keep the illuminating receiving systems properly aligned.
Brenden, Byron B. (Richland, WA); Peters, Timothy J. (Richland, WA)
Optical control system for high-voltage terminals
An optical control system for the control of devices in the terminal of an electrostatic accelerator includes a laser that is modulated by a series of preselected codes produced by an encoder. A photodiode receiver is placed in the laser beam at the high-voltage terminal of an electrostatic accelerator. A decoder connected to the photodiode decodes the signals to provide control impulses for a plurality of devices at the high voltage of the terminal.
Bicek, John J. (Tinley Park, IL)
Fiber-Optic Stethoscope: A Cardiac Monitoring and Gating System for Magnetic Resonance Microscopy
Fiber-Optic Stethoscope: A Cardiac Monitoring and Gating System for Magnetic Resonance Microscopy monitoring and gating purposes. The fiber-optic stethoscope system offers a novel approach to measuring) small enough for use on rats and mice. METHODS Fiber-Optic Stethoscope System Design As shown in the MR
Optical system for determining physical characteristics of a solar cell
The invention provides an improved optical system for determining the physical characteristics of a solar cell. The system comprises a lamp means for projecting light in a wide solid-angle onto the surface of the cell; a chamber for receiving the light through an entrance port, the chamber having an interior light absorbing spherical surface, an exit port for receiving a beam of light reflected substantially normal to the cell, a cell support, and an lower aperture for releasing light into a light absorbing baffle; a means for dispersing the reflection into monochromatic components; a means for detecting an intensity of the components; and a means for reporting the determination.
Sopori, Bhushan L. (Denver, CO)
Applying brain emotional learning algorithm for multivariable control of HVAC systems
In this paper, we apply a modified version of Brain Emotional Learning (BEL) controller for Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) control system whose multivariable, nonlinear and non-minimum phase nature makes the task difficult. The proposed ...
N. Sheikholeslami; D. Shahmirzadi; E. Semsar; C. Lucas; M. J. Yazdanpanah
Inventory reduction : applying a pull ordering system to a distribution business
This thesis is a description of an internship project at an aerospace parts distribution company. The goal of the project was to reduce inventory by applying a pull ordering system to the distributor's value chain. The ...
Chesborough, Amber J. (Amber June), 1977-
Protocols for Relay-Assisted Free-Space Optical Systems
We investigate transmission protocols for relay-assisted free-space optical (FSO) systems, when multiple parallel relays are employed and there is no direct link between the source and the destination. As alternatives to all-active FSO relaying, where all the available relays transmit concurrently, we propose schemes that select only a single relay to participate in the communication between the source and the destination in each transmission slot. This selection is based on the channel state information (CSI) obtained either from all or from some of the FSO links. Thus, the need for synchronizing the relays' transmissions is avoided and the slowly varying nature of the atmospheric channel is exploited. For both relay selection and all-active relaying, novel closed-form expressions for their outage performance are derived, assuming the versatile Gamma-Gamma channel model. Furthermore, based on the derived analytical results, the problem of allocating the optical power resources to the FSO links is addressed, ...
Chatzidiamantis, Nestor D; Kriezis, Emmanouil E; Karagiannidis, George K; Schober, Robert
Development of a digital optical diagnostic system for the CASPER GEC rf reference cell.
??The development and implementation of a completely digital optical analysis system for dusty plasma research has been completed. This system minimizes data loss during acquisition� (more)
Boesse, Carolyn M.
Multi Optical Transition Radiation System for ATF2
In this paper we describe the design, installation and first calibration tests of a Multi Optical Transition Radiation System in the beam diagnostic section of the Extraction (EXT) line of ATF2, close to the multi wire scanner system. This system will be a valuable tool for measuring beam sizes and emittances coming from the ATF Damping Ring. With an optical resolution of about 2 {micro}m an original OTR design (OTR1X) located after the septum at the entrance of the EXT line demonstrated the ability to measure a 5.5 {micro}m beam size in one beam pulse and to take many fast measurements. This gives the OTR the ability to measure the beam emittance with high statistics, giving a low error and a good understanding of emittance jitter. Furthermore the nearby wire scanners will be a definitive test of the OTR as a beam emittance diagnostic device. The multi-OTR system design proposed here is based on the existing OTR1X.
Alabau-Gonzalvo, Javier; /Valencia U., IFIC; Blanch Gutierrez, Cesar; /Valencia U., IFIC; Civera, Jose Vicente; /Valencia U., IFIC; Faus-Golfe, Angeles; /Valencia U., IFIC; Garcia-Garrigos, Juan; /Valencia U., IFIC; Cruz, Juan; /SLAC; McCormick, Douglas; /SLAC; White, Glen; /SLAC
Transparent electrode for optical switch
The invention relates generally to optical switches and techniques for applying a voltage to an electro-optical crystal, and more particularly, to transparent electodes for an optical switch. System architectures for very large inertial confinement fusion (ICF) lasers require active optical elements with apertures on the order of one meter. Large aperture optical switches are needed for isolation of stages, switch-out from regenerative amplifier cavities and protection from target retroreflections.
Goldhar, J.; Henesian, M.A.
Thin-film fiber optic hydrogen and temperature sensor system
The invention discloses a sensor probe device for monitoring of hydrogen gas concentrations and temperatures by the same sensor probe. The sensor probe is constructed using thin-film deposition methods for the placement of a multitude of layers of materials sensitive to hydrogen concentrations and temperature on the end of a light transparent lens located within the sensor probe. The end of the lens within the sensor probe contains a lens containing a layer of hydrogen permeable material which excludes other reactive gases, a layer of reflective metal material that forms a metal hydride upon absorbing hydrogen, and a layer of semi-conducting solid that is transparent above a temperature dependent minimum wavelength for temperature detection. The three layers of materials are located at the distal end of the lens located within the sensor probe. The lens focuses light generated by broad-band light generator and connected by fiber-optics to the sensor probe, onto a reflective metal material layer, which passes through the semi-conducting solid layer, onto two optical fibers located at the base of the sensor probe. The reflected light is transmitted over fiber optic cables to a spectrometer and system controller. The absence of electrical signals and electrical wires in the sensor probe provides for an elimination of the potential for spark sources when monitoring in hydrogen rich environments, and provides a sensor free from electrical interferences. 3 figs.
Nave, S.E.
Micro-opto-mechanical switching and tuning for integrated optical systems
Integrated optical circuits have the potential to lower manufacturing and operating costs and enhance the functionality of optical systems in a manner similar to what has been achieved by integrating electronic circuits. ...
Nielson, Gregory Nolan, 1974-
Performance of the Keck Observatory adaptive optics system
In this paper, the adaptive optics (AO) system at the W.M. Keck Observatory is characterized. The authors calculate the error budget of the Keck AO system operating in natural guide star mode with a near infrared imaging camera. By modeling the control loops and recording residual centroids, the measurement noise and band-width errors are obtained. The error budget is consistent with the images obtained. Results of sky performance tests are presented: the AO system is shown to deliver images with average Strehl ratios of up to 0.37 at 1.58 {micro}m using a bright guide star and 0.19 for a magnitude 12 star.
van Dam, M A; Mignant, D L; Macintosh, B A
Reflective optical imaging system for extreme ultraviolet wavelengths
This invention is comprised of a projection reflection optical system having two mirrors in a coaxial, four reflection configuration to reproduce the image of an object. The mirrors have aspherical reflection surfaces to provide a very high resolution of object feature wavelengths less than 200 {mu}m, and preferably less than 100 {mu}m. An image resolution of features less than 0.05--0.1 {mu}m, is obtained over a large area field; i.e., 25.4 mm {times} 25.4 mm, with a distortion less than 0.1 of the resolution over the image field.
Viswanathan, V.K.; Newnam, B.E.
The Direct Neural Control Applied to the Position Control in Hydraulic Servo System
This study utilizes the direct neural control (DNC) based on back propagation neural networks (BPN) with specialized learning architecture applied to control the position of a cylinder rod in an electro-hydraulic servo system (EHSS). The proposed neural ... Keywords: Back propagation, Electro-hydraulic servo system, Neural networks, Position control
Yuan Kang; Yi-Wei Chen; Yeon-Pun Chang; Ming-Huei Chu
NETL's High-Speed Imaging System Successfully Applied in Medicine, Broad
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
NETL's High-Speed Imaging System Successfully Applied in Medicine, NETL's High-Speed Imaging System Successfully Applied in Medicine, Broad Spectrum of Industry NETL's High-Speed Imaging System Successfully Applied in Medicine, Broad Spectrum of Industry November 15, 2010 - 12:00pm Addthis Washington, DC - A groundbreaking Department of Energy-developed imaging system originally designed to help create cleaner fossil energy processes is finding successful applications in a wide range of medical, chemical processing, energy, and other industries. Developed by the Office of Fossil Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), the high-speed imaging technology known as "particle imaging velocimetry" (PIV) is being put to use by a research consortium of more than 25 major chemical and energy companies and may soon have other
Low Cost Fiber-Optic Links for Digital Applications
will allow longer fiber-optic links to operate at fre- quencies beyond the flat portion of the system side of the board. Production fiber-optic systems can Equation 4. OPM (dB) = Optical power margin. PR shielding should be applied to the receiver if the system using the fiber-optic link is extremely noisy
Berns, Hans-Gerd
An optical see-through augmented reality system for the treatment of phobia to small animals
This paper presents an optical see-through (OST) Augmented Reality (AR) system for the treatment of phobia to small animals. Our group has already presented two AR systems for this treatment. The first system was a video see-through (VST) AR system. ... Keywords: augmented reality, optical see-through, phobia to small animals, virtual therapy
M. Carmen Juan; Mariano Alca�iz; J�r�me Calatrava; Irene Zaragoz�; Rosa Ba�os; Cristina Botella
Interferometric at-wavelength flare characterization of EUV optical systems
The extreme ultraviolet (EUV) phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer (PS/PDI) provides the high-accuracy wavefront characterization critical to the development of EUV lithography systems. Enhancing the implementation of the PS/PDI can significantly extend its spatial-frequency measurement bandwidth. The enhanced PS/PDI is capable of simultaneously characterizing both wavefront and flare. The enhanced technique employs a hybrid spatial/temporal-domain point diffraction interferometer (referred to as the dual-domain PS/PDI) that is capable of suppressing the scattered-reference-light noise that hinders the conventional PS/PDI. Using the dual-domain technique in combination with a flare-measurement-optimized mask and an iterative calculation process for removing flare contribution caused by higher order grating diffraction terms, the enhanced PS/PDI can be used to simultaneously measure both figure and flare in optical systems.
Naulleau, Patrick P. (Oakland, CA); Goldberg, Kenneth Alan (Berkeley, CA)
Modular Systems Biology applied to TGFbeta and DNA Damage Response Signaling following Low Dose Radiation
Modular Systems Biology applied to TGFbeta and DNA Damage Response Signaling following Modular Systems Biology applied to TGFbeta and DNA Damage Response Signaling following Low Dose Radiation Francis A. Cucinotta 1 , Yongfeng Li 2 , Minli Wang 2 , Claudio Carra 2 , Janice Pluth 3 , and Peter O'Neill 4 1 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 2 U.S.R.A. Division of Life Sciences, Houston TX 3 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA 4 Oxford University, Oxford UK Abstract: Modular systems biology (MSB) describes the complexity of biological systems using well defined modules that represent distinct biological response pathways or sub-systems within pathways. We review mathematical concepts from control theory that can be used to identify and construct well defined modules for describing complex biological processes. The DNA damage response and TGFbeta/Smad signaling are two important response pathways following
Novel optical-fiber network management system in central office using RFID and LED navigation technologies
Optical IP services such as FTTH have been growing rapidly, leading to an urgent need to manage the optical fiber network from the central office. We have developed an optical-fiber distribution facility called an IDM. However, the changing FTTH environment ... Keywords: FTTH, RFID, automatic navigation system, human error
Masaki Waki; Shigenori Uruno; Yoshitaka Enomoto; Yuji Azuma
Surface-enhanced raman optical data storage system
A method and apparatus for a Surface-Enhanced Raman Optical Data Storage (SERODS) System is disclosed. A medium which exhibits the Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) phenomenon has data written onto its surface of microenvironment by means of a write-on procedure which disturbs the surface or microenvironment of the medium and results in the medium having a changed SERS emission when excited. The write-on procedure is controlled by a signal that corresponds to the data to be stored so that the disturbed regions on the storage device (e.g., disk) represent the data. After the data is written onto the storage device it is read by exciting the surface of the storage device with an appropriate radiation source and detecting changes in the SERS emission to produce a detection signal. The data is then reproduced from the detection signal.
Vo-Dinh, Tuan (Knoxville, TN)
Expert Meeting Report: Recommendations for Applying Water Heaters in Combination Space and Domestic Water Heating Systems
The topic of this meeting was 'Recommendations For Applying Water Heaters In Combination Space And Domestic Water Heating Systems.' Presentations and discussions centered on the design, performance, and maintenance of these combination systems, with the goal of developing foundational information toward the development of a Building America Measure Guideline on this topic. The meeting was held at the Westford Regency Hotel, in Westford, Massachusetts on 7/31/2011.
Rudd, A.; Ueno, K.; Bergey, D.; Osser, R.
EE160: Fiber-Optic Communication Systems University of California, Riverside Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside
EE160: Fiber-Optic Communication Systems University of California, Riverside Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside EE160: Fiber-Optic Communication Systems Spring 2005 Class, Optically Pre-Amplified Receiver · Fiber-Optic System Design Issues Homework There will be four bi
Extremum seeking control techniques applied to photovoltaic systems with multimodal power curves
) Current(A) 0 200 320025 I-V curve P-V curve VMPP Power(W) 1000 Fig. 1. Photovoltaic cell I-V and P generator method, open-circuit voltage photovoltaic cell test method, incremental conductance method (CI) [5Extremum seeking control techniques applied to photovoltaic systems with multimodal power curves
Recanati, Catherine
Advanced optical daylighting systems: light shelves and light pipes
We present two perimeter daylighting systems that passively redirect beam sunlight further from the window wall using special optical films, an optimized geometry, and a small glazing aperture. The objectives of these systems are (1) to increase daylight illuminance levels at 4.6-9.1 m (15-30 ft) from the window aperture with minimum solar heat gains and (2) to improve the uniformity of the daylighting luminance gradient across the room under variable solar conditions throughout the year. The designs were developed through a series of computer-assisted ray-tracing studies, laser visualization techniques, and photometric measurements and observations using physical scale models. Bi-directional illuminance measurements in combination with analytical routines were then used to simulate daylight performance for any solar position, and were incorporated into the DOE-2.1E building energy analysis computer program to evaluate energy savings. Results show increased daylight levels and an improved luminance gradient throughout the year compared to conventional daylighting systems.
Beltran, L.O.; Lee, E.S.; Selkowitz, S.E.
Optical Optical fiber-based single-shot picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy Andrew R. Cook a͒ and Yuzhen Shen Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA ͑Received 27 January 2009; accepted 29 May 2009; published online 17 July 2009͒ A new type of single-shot transient absorption apparatus is described based on a bundle of optical fibers. The bundle contains 100 fibers of different lengths, each successively giving ϳ15 ps longer optical delay. Data are collected by imaging light from the exit of the bundle into a sample where it is overlapped with an electron pulse or laser excitation pulse, followed by imaging onto a charge coupled device ͑CCD͒ detector where the intensity of light from each fiber is measured simultaneously. Application to both ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy and pulse radiolysis is demonstrated. For pulse
Applying Collision Avoidance Expert System to Navigation Training Systems as an Intelligent Tutor
To enhance the skills of captains and improve the existing training technologies, it is very important and urgent to research and develop an intelligent navigation training system. Therefore we propose to incorporate a collision avoidance expert system ...
Chunsheng Yang; Sieu Phan; Pikuei Kuo; Fuhua Oscar Lin
Navy explosive ordnance disposal project: Optical ordnance system development. Final report
An optical ordnance firing system consisting of a portable hand held solid state rod laser and an optically ignited detonator has been developed for use in explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) activities. Solid state rod laser systems designed to have an output of 150 mJ in a 500 microsecond pulse have been produced and evaluated. A laser ignited detonator containing no primary explosives has been designed and fabricated. The detonator has the same functional output as an electrically fired blasting cap. The optical ordnance firing system has demonstrated the ability to reliably detonate Comp C-4 through 1000 meters of optical fiber.
Merson, J.A.; Salas, F.J.; Helsel, F.M.
An improved Surface-Enhanced Raman Optical Data Storage System (SERODS) is disclosed. In the improved system, entities capable of existing in multiple reversible states are present on the storage device. Such entities result in changed Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) when localized state changes are effected in less than all of the entities. Therefore, by changing the state of entities in localized regions of a storage device, the SERS emissions in such regions will be changed. When a write-on device is controlled by a data signal, such a localized regions of changed SERS emissions will correspond to the data written on the device. The data may be read by illuminating the surface of the storage device with electromagnetic radiation of an appropriate frequency and detecting the corresponding SERS emissions. Data may be deleted by reversing the state changes of entities in regions where the data was initially written. In application, entities may be individual molecules which allows for the writing of data at the molecular level. A read/write/delete head utilizing near-field quantum techniques can provide for a write/read/delete device capable of effecting state changes in individual molecules, thus providing for the effective storage of data at the molecular level.
Mismatch Corrections for Electro-Optic Sampling Systems*
... by determining the power spectrum of a photoreceiver's optical impulse response. ... as well as the voltage they would deliver to an ideal 50 $ load. ...
Radiometric Characterization and Absolute Calibration of the Marine Optical System (MOS) Bench Unit
The Marine Optical System (MOS) is a dual charge-coupled device (CCD)-based spectrograph system developed for in-water measurements of downwelling solar irradiance Ed and upwelling radiance Lu. These measurements are currently used in the ...
Catherine Habauzit; Steven W. Brown; Keith R. Lykke; B. Carol Johnson; Michael E. Feinholz; Mark Yarbrough; Dennis K. Clark
Discrete-Time Queueing Systems and Their Application to Analysis of Optical-Fiber Communication Networks
A double-bus optical-fiber communication system is studied. The request and transmission buses are modeled by a priority and cyclic queueing system, respectively. Their probabilistic-time characteristics are determined. Theoretical results are compared ...
A. A. Nazarov; S. U. Urazbaeva
Actuation of Micro-Optomechanical Systems Via Cavity-Enhanced Optical Dipole Forces
We demonstrate a new type of optomechanical system employing a movable, micron-scale waveguide evanescently-coupled to a high-Q optical microresonator. Micron-scale displacements of the waveguide are observed for milliwatt(mW)-level optical input powers. Measurement of the spatial variation of the force on the waveguide indicates that it arises from a cavity-enhanced optical dipole force due to the stored optical field of the resonator. This force is used to realize an all-optical tunable filter operating with sub-mW control power. A theoretical model of the system shows the maximum achievable force to be independent of the intrinsic Q of the optical resonator and to scale inversely with the cavity mode volume, suggesting that such forces may become even more effective as devices approach the nanoscale.
Matt Eichenfield; Christopher P. Michael; Raviv Perahia; Oskar Painter
Rule-Based Energy Management System Applied to Large Industrial Facilities
Deregulation of electricity and rising fuel costs are causing renewed interest in Energy Management Systems (EMS). This paper details the results of integrating a rule-based EMS controller at a Pulp and Paper Mill and additional findings from several other large industrial power complexes. It is a PC-based supervisory system that is interfaced to a Distributed Control System (DCS). The EMS has been applied on powerhouse complexes as large as 433 MW of electricity and 7500 KPPH of steam. The EMS may, as required, include boiler load allocation, steam turbine load allocation, combustion turbine and HRSG load allocation, real-time pricing (RTP) tie-line control, coordinated header pressure control, bus voltage and plant power factor control and electric and steam economic load shed systems. It optimizes the powerhouse operations to meet rapidly changing steam and electrical requirements of the plant at minimum cost subject to all of the operating constraints imposed on the generation equipment. Steady state optimization methods, such as linear and non-linear programming, are not suited for on line optimization of power complex operations since the process is rarely in steady state. Instead, it is critical to control the trajectory of the power generation for optimal steam and electric moves while satisfying multiple constraints. The optimization strategy applied here is reduced to a fairly small number of prioritized rules. It has proven itself capable of optimizing large powerhouse complexes while keeping the powerhouse and process units within a safe operating envelop.
Gauthier, M.; Childress, R. L.
From Basic Control to Optimized Systems-Applying Digital Control Systems to Steam Boilers
This presentation examines the application of Distributed Digital Controls in order to review the application of this recent control technology towards Steam Boilers in a step-by-step manner. The main purpose of a steam generating boiler is to supply enough steam to meet process demands. Steam conditions must remain as stable as possible, because variations in the steam system can affect downstream processes. Pressure variations in the steam supply header, for example, can have a severe effect on heat transferred to a process. If that process suffers an upset, unstable conditions can propagate from one process to another via the steam supply system. The closer the tolerance in the boiler control system, the smaller the steam header disturbances will be. This reduces the interaction, or 'coupling', of upsets between steam-consuming processes. Also, it may reduce the complexity of instrumentation needed for those processes. If the boiler control system can eliminate major upsets, the downstream processes won't need exotic schemes to compensate for such upsets.
Hockenbury, W. D.
Recommendations for Applying Recommendations for Applying Water Heaters in Combination Space and Domestic Water Heating Systems A. Rudd, K. Ueno, D. Bergey, R. Osser Building Science Corporation June 2012 i This report received minimal editorial review at NREL. NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, subcontractors, or affiliated partners makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
NETL: News Release - NETL's High-Speed Imaging System Successfully Applied
15, 2010 15, 2010 NETL's High-Speed Imaging System Successfully Applied in Medicine, Broad Spectrum of Industry Washington, D.C. - A groundbreaking Department of Energy-developed imaging system originally designed to help create cleaner fossil energy processes is finding successful applications in a wide range of medical, chemical processing, energy, and other industries. MORE INFO Learn more about the high-speed PIV system More information about the application of high-speed PIV for coal gasification Developed by the Office of Fossil Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), the high-speed imaging technology known as "particle imaging velocimetry" (PIV) is being put to use by a research consortium of more than 25 major chemical and energy companies and may soon have other
A Diver-Operated Optical and Physical Profiling System
A new instrument package for measuring physical (temperature, salinity, and depth) as well as optical (absorption and attenuation at nine wavelength) parameters using SCUBA is described. The package is attached to the SCUBA bottle and allows for ...
J. Ronald V. Zaneveld; Emmanuel Boss; Casey M. Moore
NETL: Gasification Systems - Single-Crystal Sapphire Optical...
Single-Crystal Sapphire Optical Fiber Sensor Instrumentation Virginia Polytechnic Institute Project No.: DE-FC26-99FT40685 Phase I - The Photonics Laboratory at Virginia Tech has...
Continuous Measurement and Stochastic Methods in Quantum Optical Systems
This dissertation studies the statistics and modeling of a quantum system probed by a coherent laser field. We focus on an ensemble of qubits dispersively coupled to a traveling wave light field. The first research topic explores the quantum measurement statistics of a quasi-monochromatic laser probe. We identify the shortest timescale that successive measurements approximately commute. Our model predicts that for a probe in the near infrared, noncommuting measurement effects are apparent for subpicosecond times. The second dissertation topic attempts to find an approximation to a conditional master equation, which maps identical product states to identical product states. Through a technique known as projection filtering, we find such a equation for an ensemble of qubits experiencing a diffusive measurement of a collective angular momentum projection, and global rotations. We then test the quality of the approximation through numerical simulations. In the presence of strong randomized rotations, the approximation reproduces the exact expectation values to within 95%. The final topic applies the projection filter to the problem of state reconstruction. We find an initial state estimate based on a single continuous measurement of an identically prepared atomic ensemble. Given the ability to make a continuous collective measurement and simultaneously applying time varying controls, it is possible to find an accurate estimate given based upon a single measurement realization. Here we explore the fundamental limits of this protocol by studying an idealized model for pure qubits, which is limited only by measurement backaction. Using the exact dynamics to produce simulated measurements, we then numerically search for a maximum likelihood estimate based on the approximate expression. Our estimation technique nearly achieves an average fidelity bound set by an optimum POVM.
Robert L. Cook
A time convolution less density matrix approach to the nonlinear optical response of a coupled system-bath complex
Time convolution less density matrix theory (TCL) is a powerful and well established tool to investigate strong system-bath coupling for linear optical spectra. We show that TCL equations can be generalised to the nonlinear optical response up to a chosen order in the optical field. This goal is achieved via an time convolution less perturbation scheme for the reduced density matrices of the electronic system. In our approach, the most important results are the inclusion of a electron-phonon coupling non-diagonal in the electronic states and memory effects of the bath: First, the considered model system is introduced. Second, the time evolution of the statistical operator is expanded with respect to the external optical field. This expansion is the starting point to explain how a TCL theory can treat the response up to in a certain order in the external field. Third, new TCL equations, including bath memory effects, are derived and the problem of information loss in the reduced density matrix is analysed. For this purpose, new dimensions are added to the reduced statistical operator to compensate lack of information in comparison with the full statistical operator. The theory is benchmarked with a two level system and applied to a three level system including non-diagonal phonon coupling. In our analysis of pump-probe experiments, the bath memory is influenced by the system state occupied between pump and probe pulse. In particular, the memory of the bath influences the dephasing process of electronic coherences developing during the time interval between pump and probe pulses.
Richter, Marten [Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin (Germany)], E-mail: email@example.com; Knorr, Andreas [Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin (Germany)
Investigation of the effects of long-duration exposure on active optical system components (S0050)
The effects of long duration space exposure on the relevant performance parameters of lasers, radiation detectors, and selected optical components, was determined. The results and implications of the measurements indicating real or suspected degradation mechanisms were evaluated and guidelines, based on these results, for selection and use of components for space electro-optical systems are established.
Blue, M.D.; Gallagher, J.J.; Shackelford, R.G.
Impact on Grain Quality Parameters when Nitrogen Is `Sensor Applied' by the `Hydro Precise System'
Yield and grain quality maps have been produced at full-scale field trials within a 10.5 ha field for four different nitrogen strategies. Grain samples have been collected directly from the grain flow of a combine harvester and analysed for quality in the laboratory and merged with the yield meter registrations. Within the field great variance was observed in yield and grain quality. This paper evaluates the impact on yield and grain quality -- protein when nitrogen is sensor applied by the Hydro-Precise N-Sensor system. The results are discussed in terms of a potential new precision nitrogen application strategy for Danish winter wheat
R.N. J�rgensen; R. N. J�rgensen
High-repetition-rate femtosecond optical parametric oscillator�amplifier system near 3 mm
An ultrafast laser system for the chemically important 3-mm spectral region has been constructed by means of noncritically phased-matched KTiOPO4 optical parametric gain elements. An optical parametric oscillator, synchronously pumped by a mode-locked Ti:sapphire oscillator, generates high-quality seed pulses for an optical parametric amplifier. The optical parametric amplifier, pumped by a high-repetition-rate Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier, amplifies the seed pulses by a factor of 520. Pulses with an energy of 550 nJ and a pulse width of 160 fs are produced at a 250-kHz repetition rate in the 3-mm region. 1.
Gary R. Holtom; Robert A. Crowell; X. Sunney Xie
Embedded calibration system for the DIII-D Langmuir probe analog fiber optic links
This paper describes a generally applicable technique for simultaneously measuring offset and gain of 64 analog fiber optic data links used for the DIII-D fixed Langmuir probes by embedding a reference voltage waveform in the optical transmitted signal before every tokamak shot. The calibrated data channels allow calibration of the power supply control fiber optic links as well. The array of fiber optic links and the embedded calibration system described here makes possible the use of superior modern data acquisition electronics in the control room.
Watkins, J. G. [Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California (United States); Rajpal, R.; Mandaliya, H. [Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat (India); Watkins, M.; Boivin, R. L. [General Atomics, San Diego, California (United States)
Absorption and spectra of optical parameters in amorphous solid solutions of the Se-S system
A study of the optical properties of the Se-S system has revealed a correlation between the dependences of optical absorption coefficient {alpha}, effective concentration of charged defects N{sub t}, and characteristic energy E{sub 0} corresponding to the Urbach optical absorption in the spectral region where the Urbach rule works for the Se-S system on the S concentration. These optical properties are controlled by charged defects. It is shown that concentrations of intrinsic charged defects can be changed by variation in composition of the Se-S system. Reflectance spectra of amorphous solid solutions of the Se-S system are studied within the energy range 1-6 eV. Using the Kramers-Kronig method, spectral dependences of optical constants and derivative optical and dielectric functions are calculated. Variation in the spectra of optical parameters with composition of the Se-S system are explained within a cluster model in which the density of electron states is a function of atomic configurations in clusters, i.e., of the character of a short-range order.
Djalilov, N. Z.; Damirov, G. M., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Institute of Physics (Azerbaijan)
System configured for applying a modifying agent to a non-equidimensional substrate
The present invention is related to systems and methods for modifying various non-equidimensional substrates with modifying agents. The system comprises a processing chamber configured for passing the non-equidimensional substrate therethrough, wherein the processing chamber is further configured to accept a treatment mixture into the chamber during movement of the non-equidimensional substrate through the processing chamber. The treatment mixture can comprise of the modifying agent in a carrier medium, wherein the carrier medium is selected from the group consisting of a supercritical fluid, a near-critical fluid, a superheated fluid, a superheated liquid, and a liquefied gas. Thus, the modifying agent can be applied to the non-equidimensional substrate upon contact between the treatment mixture and the non-equidimensional substrate.
Janikowski; Stuart K. (Idaho Falls, ID), Argyle; Mark D. (Idaho Falls, ID), Fox; Robert V. (Idaho Falls, ID), Propp; W. Alan (Idaho Falls, ID), Toth; William J. (Idaho Falls, ID), Ginosar; Daniel M. (Idaho Falls, ID), Allen; Charles A. (Idaho Falls, ID), Miller; David L. (Idaho Falls, ID)
On the Feasibility of Optical Circuit Switching for High Performance Computing Systems
The interconnect plays a key role in both the cost and performance of large-scale HPC systems. The cost of future high-bandwidth electronic interconnects mushrooms due to expensive optical transceivers needed between electronic switches. We describe ...
Kevin J. Barker; Alan Benner; Ray Hoare; Adolfy Hoisie; Alex K. Jones; Darren K. Kerbyson; Dan Li; Rami Melhem; Ram Rajamony; Eugen Schenfeld; Shuyi Shao; Craig Stunkel; Peter Walker
Fiber optic/cone penetrometer system for subsurface heavy metals detection
This document describes a project designed to develop an intergrated fiber optic sensor/cone penetrometer system to analyze the heavy metals content of the subsurface as a site characterization tool.
Saggese, S.; Greenwell, R.
Homodyne detection and optical parametric amplification: a classical approach applied to proposed "loophole-free" Bell tests
Recent proposed ``loophole-free'' Bell tests are discussed in the light of classical models for the relevant features of optical parametric amplification and homodyne detection. The Bell tests themselves are uncontroversial: there are no obvious loopholes that might cause bias and hence, if the world does, after all, obey local realism, no violation of a Bell inequality will be observed. Interest centres around the question of whether or not the proposed criterion for ``non-classical'' light is valid. If it is not, then the experiments will fail in their initial concept, since both quantum theorists and local realists will agree that we are seeing a purely classical effect. The Bell test, though, is not the only criterion by which the quantum-mechanical and local realist models can be judged. It is suggested that the quantum-mechanical models given in the proposals will also fail in their detailed predictions. If the experiments are extended by including a range of parameter values and by analysing, in addition to the proposed digitised voltage differences, the raw voltages, the models can be compared in their overall performance and plausibility.
Caroline H Thompson
LINSOL: a model for predicting the optical performance of parabolic trough solar thermal systems
A detailed model has been developed to predict the optical performance of parabolic trough solar energy systems. The model is one to two orders of magnitude faster than previous, less complete calculations and makes tractable investigation of a wide range of design and application alternatives for trough systems. Representative results are presented that show the dependence of the trough optical performance on field orientation and site latitude.
Dellin, T.A.
Energy analysis of facade-integrated photovoltaic systems applied to UAE commercial buildings
Developments in the design and manufacture of photovoltaic cells have recently been a growing concern in the UAE. At present, the embodied energy pay-back time (EPBT) is the criterion used for comparing the viability of such technology against other forms. However, the impact of PV technology on the thermal performance of buildings is not considered at the time of EPBT estimation. If additional energy savings gained over the PV system life are also included, the total EPBT could be shorter. This paper explores the variation of the total energy of building integrated photovoltaic systems (BiPV) as a wall cladding system applied to the UAE commercial sector and shows that the ratio between PV output and saving in energy due to PV panels is within the range of 1:3-1:4. The result indicates that for the southern and western facades in the UAE, the embodied energy pay-back time for photovoltaic system is within the range of 12-13 years. When reductions in operational energy are considered, the pay-back time is reduced to 3.0-3.2 years. This study comes to the conclusion that the reduction in operational energy due to PV panels represents an important factor in the estimation of EPBT. (author)
Radhi, Hassan [Architectural Engineering Department, UAE University, Al-ain (United Arab Emirates)
Applying combined pinch and exergy analysis to closed-cycle gas turbine system design
Pinch technology has developed into a powerful tool for thermodynamic analysis of chemical processes and associated utilities, resulting in significant energy savings. Conventional pinch analysis identifies the most economical energy consumption in terms of heat loads and provides practical design guidelines to achieve this. However, in analyzing systems involving heat and power, for example, steam and gas turbines, etc., pure heat load analysis is insufficient. Exergy analysis, on the other hand, provides a tool for heat and power analysis, although at times it does not provide clear practical design guideline. An appropriate combination of pinch and exergy analysis can provide practical methodology for the analysis of heat and power systems. The methodology has been successfully applied to refrigeration systems. This paper introduces the application of a combined pinch and exergy approach to commercial power plants with a demonstration example of a closed-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) system. Efficiency improvement of about 0.82 percent (50.2 to 51.02 percent) can be obtained by application of the new approach. More importantly, the approach can be used as an analysis and screening tool for the various design improvements and is generally applicable to any commercial power generation facility.
Dhole, V.R.; Zheng, J.P. [Univ. of Manchester (United Kingdom). Inst. of Science and Technology
Extrinsic fiber optic displacement sensors and displacement sensing systems
An extrinsic Fizeau fiber optic sensor comprises a single-mode fiber, used as an input/output fiber, and a multimode fiber, used purely as a reflector, to form an air gap within a silica tube that acts as a Fizeau cavity. The Fresnel reflection from the glass/air interface at the front of the air gap (reference reflection) and the reflection from the air/glass interface at the far end of the air gap (sensing reflection) interfere in the input/output fiber. The two fibers are allowed to move in the silica tube, and changes in the air gap length cause changes in the phase difference between the reference reflection and the sensing reflection. This phase difference is observed as changes in intensity of the light monitored at the output arm of a fused biconical tapered coupler. The extrinsic Fizeau fiber optic sensor behaves identically whether it is surface mounted or embedded, which is unique to the extrinsic sensor in contrast to intrinsic Fabry-Perot sensors. The sensor may be modified to provide a quadrature phase shift extrinsic Fizeau fiber optic sensor for the detection of both the amplitude and the relative polarity of dynamically varying strain. The quadrature light signals may be generated by either mechanical or optical means. A plurality of the extrinsic sensors may connected in cascade and multiplexed to allow monitoring by a single analyzer.
Murphy, Kent A. (Roanoke, VA); Gunther, Michael F. (Blacksburg, VA); Vengsarkar, Ashish M. (Scotch Plains, NJ); Claus, Richard O. (Christiansburg, VA)
A ber-optic based calibration system for the High Resolution Fly's Eye
2 FIBER-OPTICS Fig. 2. Routing of the bers of the HiRes-II calibration system from the light source. This automated calibration system delivers light from a frequency tripled 355nm YAG laser to the 10,752 photo, electronic response, and re ectivity of each mirror. Hence light from the cal- ibration system must
New Beam Delivery System Optics: BDS9901 Peter Tenenbaum LCC-Note-0020
Beam Beam Delivery System Optics: BDS9901 Peter Tenenbaum LCC-Note-0020 14-July-1999 Abstract We describe in detail the optics and XSIF decks for the NLC Beam Delivery System in its present version, BDS9901. 1 Introduction In this Note, we describe the present optics design of the NLC Beam Delivery System, which has been somewhat revised for 1999. Most important optical changes include: * Organization of BPMs into quad-style (BPMQ), BPMs in feedback loops (BPMFB), BPMs which provide sub-train/multibunch information (BPMMB), and BPMs used to measure beam-beam deflections (BPMIP) * Addition of a number of small quad, skew-quad, sextupole, and skew-sextupole tuning mag- nets * Addition of actuators for the feedbacks * A 6-quadrupole final telescope, which allows all of the linear degrees of freedom to be opti- mized * Replacement of the low-energy final quads Q1A and Q1B with a single
Characterization of Multicrystalline Silicon Modules with System Bias Voltage Applied in Damp Heat
As it is considered economically favorable to serially connect modules to build arrays with high system voltage, it is necessary to explore potential long-term degradation mechanisms the modules may incur under such electrical potential. We performed accelerated lifetime testing of multicrystalline silicon PV modules in 85 degrees C/ 85% relative humidity and 45 degrees C/ 30% relative humidity while placing the active layer in either positive or negative 600 V bias with respect to the grounded module frame. Negative bias applied to the active layer in some cases leads to more rapid and catastrophic module power degradation. This is associated with significant shunting of individual cells as indicated by electroluminescence, thermal imaging, and I-V curves. Mass spectroscopy results support ion migration as one of the causes. Electrolytic corrosion is seen occurring with the silicon nitride antireflective coating and silver gridlines, and there is ionic transport of metallization at the encapsulant interface observed with damp heat and applied bias. Leakage current and module degradation is found to be highly dependent upon the module construction, with factors such as encapsulant and front glass resistivity affecting performance. Measured leakage currents range from about the same seen in published reports of modules deployed in Florida (USA) and is accelerated to up to 100 times higher in the environmental chamber testing.
Hacke, P.; Kempe, M.; Terwilliger, K.; Glick, S.; Call, N.; Johnston, S.; Kurtz, S.
New fault locating system for air-insulated substations using optical current detector
This paper deals with a newly developed fault locating system. This fault locating system helps to shorten the time required for restoration of service after the occurrence of a busbar fault in an air-insulated distribution substation. Recent optical and electronic technologies allow highly accurate and compact fault locating system, which consists of optical current detectors using Faraday effect and a fault locating processor employing digital data processing technique. The fault location is made by discriminating the direction of zero-sequence currents. Through various tests and field operations it has been confirmed that the system has sufficient performance for practical application.
Yoshida, Y.; Kawazoe, S. (Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc., Osaka (Japan)); Ibuki, K.; Yamada, K.; Ochi, N. (Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Amagasaki, Hyogo (Japan). Itami Works)
Solar house heating system using reflective pyramid optical condensing system. Evaluation of performance, June 1, 1975--December 31, 1976
The prototype system, previously built on Westover Road, Stamford, Connecticut, was upgraded, instrumented, and evaluated. It was found to perform essentially as expected, but the open construction was found to have problems. A fully enclosed model Pyramidal Optics house was built by Better Homes of Delaware near Rehoboth, Delaware. After a number of significant improvements were made in the optical concentrating system and the flat plate receiver assembly, the system was monitored throughout the winter of 1976/1977 and found to perform very well. The solar contribution to heating amounted to 70 percent during the severe winter months and is expected to exceed 80 percent throughout the year. The Pyramidal Optics system has been found to have a number of economic and operational advantages. It is planned to evaluate additional systems in other locations and different climatic conditions.
Procedures to identify Energy Conservation Opportunities applied to HVAC system: example of VSD of chilled water pumps
Procedures to identify Energy Conservation Opportunities applied to HVAC system: example of VSD of HVAC equipment using variable speed drive (VSD) is an Energy Conservation Opportunity (ECO) which can
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Radiometric and Geometric Calibration of a Visible Spectral Electro-Optic �Fisheye� Camera Radiance Distribution System
Camera systems which measure a complete hemispherical field (�fisheye� lens systems), can be applied to the measurement of the radiance, but accurate radiometric and geometric calibrations are required to obtain absolute radiance data. The ...
Kenneth J. Voss; Giuseppe Zibordi
Film thickness measurement techniques applied to micro-scale two-phase flow systems
Recently semi-empirical models to estimate flow boiling heat transfer coefficient, saturated CHF and pressure drop in micro-scale channels have been proposed. Most of the models were developed based on elongated bubbles and annular flows in the view of the fact that these flow patterns are predominant in smaller channels. In these models, the liquid film thickness plays an important role and such a fact emphasizes that the accurate measurement of the liquid film thickness is a key point to validate them. On the other hand, several techniques have been successfully applied to measure liquid film thicknesses during condensation and evaporation under macro-scale conditions. However, although this subject has been targeted by several leading laboratories around the world, it seems that there is no conclusive result describing a successful technique capable of measuring dynamic liquid film thickness during evaporation inside micro-scale round channels. This work presents a comprehensive literature review of the methods used to measure liquid film thickness in macro- and micro-scale systems. The methods are described and the main difficulties related to their use in micro-scale systems are identified. Based on this discussion, the most promising methods to measure dynamic liquid film thickness in micro-scale channels are identified. (author)
Tibirica, Cristiano Bigonha; do Nascimento, Francisco Julio; Ribatski, Gherhardt [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Escola de Engenharia de Sao Carlos (EESC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos (Brazil)
An optical system for line-of-sight communication
We design and implement a system for short and medium range directional two-way wireless communication. The system uses infrared radiation to transmit and receive voice data digitally. We utilize narrow angle infrared light ...
Mehta, Agustya R
End-to-end verifiability for optical scan voting systems
End-to-end verifiable voting systems allow voters to verify that their votes are cast as intended, collected as cast, and counted as collected. Essentially, end-to-end voting systems provide voters assurance that each step ...
Shen, Emily (Emily Huei-Yi)
Applied & Computational MathematicsChallenges for the Design and Control of Dynamic Energy Systems
The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) was passed with the goal 'to move the United States toward greater energy independence and security.' Energy security and independence cannot be achieved unless the United States addresses the issue of energy consumption in the building sector and significantly reduces energy consumption in buildings. Commercial and residential buildings account for approximately 40% of the U.S. energy consumption and emit 50% of CO{sub 2} emissions in the U.S. which is more than twice the total energy consumption of the entire U.S. automobile and light truck fleet. A 50%-80% improvement in building energy efficiency in both new construction and in retrofitting existing buildings could significantly reduce U.S. energy consumption and mitigate climate change. Reaching these aggressive building efficiency goals will not happen without significant Federal investments in areas of computational and mathematical sciences. Applied and computational mathematics are required to enable the development of algorithms and tools to design, control and optimize energy efficient buildings. The challenge has been issued by the U.S. Secretary of Energy, Dr. Steven Chu (emphasis added): 'We need to do more transformational research at DOE including computer design tools for commercial and residential buildings that enable reductions in energy consumption of up to 80 percent with investments that will pay for themselves in less than 10 years.' On July 8-9, 2010 a team of technical experts from industry, government and academia were assembled in Arlington, Virginia to identify the challenges associated with developing and deploying newcomputational methodologies and tools thatwill address building energy efficiency. These experts concluded that investments in fundamental applied and computational mathematics will be required to build enabling technology that can be used to realize the target of 80% reductions in energy consumption. In addition the finding was that there are tools and technologies that can be assembled and deployed in the short term - the next 3-5 years - that can be used to significantly reduce the cost and time effective delivery of moderate energy savings in the U.S. building stock. Simulation tools, which are a core strength of current DOE computational research programs, provide only a part of the answer by providing a basis for simulation enabled design. New investments will be required within a broad dynamics and control research agenda which must focus on dynamics, control, optimization and simulation of multi-scale energy systems during design and operation. U.S. investments in high performance and high productivity computing (HP2C) should be leveraged and coupled with advances in dynamics and control to impact both the existing building stock through retrofits and also new construction. The essential R&D areas requiring investment are: (1) Characterizing the Dynamics of Multi-scale Energy Systems; (2) Control and Optimization Methodologies of Multi-scale Energy Systems Under Uncertainty; and (3) Multiscale Modeling and Simulation Enabled Design and Operation. The concept of using design and control specific computational tools is a new idea for the building industry. The potential payoffs in terms of accelerated design cycle times, performance optimization and optimal supervisory control to obtain and maintain energy savings are huge. Recent advances in computational power, computer science, and mathematical algorithms offer the foundations to address the control problems presented by the complex dynamics of whole building systems. The key areas for focus and associated metrics with targets for establishing competitiveness in energy efficient building design and operation are: (1) Scalability - Current methodology and tools can provide design guidance for very low energy buildings in weeks to months; what is needed is hours to days. A 50X improvement is needed. (2) Installation and commissioning - Current methodology and tools can target a three month wi
Brown, D L; Burns, J A; Collis, S; Grosh, J; Jacobson, C A; Johansen, H; Mezic, I; Narayanan, S; Wetter, M
The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) was passed with the goal 'to move the United States toward greater energy independence and security.' Energy security and independence cannot be achieved unless the United States addresses the issue of energy consumption in the building sector and significantly reduces energy consumption in buildings. Commercial and residential buildings account for approximately 40% of the U.S. energy consumption and emit 50% of CO{sub 2} emissions in the U.S. which is more than twice the total energy consumption of the entire U.S. automobile and light truck fleet. A 50%-80% improvement in building energy efficiency in both new construction and in retrofitting existing buildings could significantly reduce U.S. energy consumption and mitigate climate change. Reaching these aggressive building efficiency goals will not happen without significant Federal investments in areas of computational and mathematical sciences. Applied and computational mathematics are required to enable the development of algorithms and tools to design, control and optimize energy efficient buildings. The challenge has been issued by the U.S. Secretary of Energy, Dr. Steven Chu (emphasis added): 'We need to do more transformational research at DOE including computer design tools for commercial and residential buildings that enable reductions in energy consumption of up to 80 percent with investments that will pay for themselves in less than 10 years.' On July 8-9, 2010 a team of technical experts from industry, government and academia were assembled in Arlington, Virginia to identify the challenges associated with developing and deploying newcomputational methodologies and tools thatwill address building energy efficiency. These experts concluded that investments in fundamental applied and computational mathematics will be required to build enabling technology that can be used to realize the target of 80% reductions in energy consumption. In addition the finding was that there are tools and technologies that can be assembled and deployed in the short term - the next 3-5 years - that can be used to significantly reduce the cost and time effective delivery of moderate energy savings in the U.S. building stock. Simulation tools, which are a core strength of current DOE computational research programs, provide only a part of the answer by providing a basis for simulation enabled design. New investments will be required within a broad dynamics and control research agenda which must focus on dynamics, control, optimization and simulation of multi-scale energy systems during design and operation. U.S. investments in high performance and high productivity computing (HP2C) should be leveraged and coupled with advances in dynamics and control to impact both the existing building stock through retrofits and also new construction. The essential R&D areas requiring investment are: (1) Characterizing the Dynamics of Multi-scale Energy Systems; (2) Control and Optimization Methodologies of Multi-scale Energy Systems Under Uncertainty; and (3) Multiscale Modeling and Simulation Enabled Design and Operation. The concept of using design and control specific computational tools is a new idea for the building industry. The potential payoffs in terms of accelerated design cycle times, performance optimization and optimal supervisory control to obtain and maintain energy savings are huge. Recent advances in computational power, computer science, and mathematical algorithms offer the foundations to address the control problems presented by the complex dynamics of whole building systems. The key areas for focus and associated metrics with targets for establishing competitiveness in energy efficient building design and operation are: (1) Scalability - Current methodology and tools can provide design guidance for very low energy buildings in weeks to months; what is needed is hours to days. A 50X improvement is needed. (2) Installation and commissioning - Current methodology and tools can target a three month window for commissioni
Utilization of melting techniques for borehole wall stabilization. [Applied to geothermal well production systems
A research program on the Subterrene concept based on excavation by melting has been completed. Theoretical and experimental studies were made for a broad range of applications. Most recently, a study of Subterrene deep geothermal well production systems predicted that, compared to rotary-drilled wells, significant cost savings are possible, e.g., 2 and 4 million dollars for 10-km-deep wells and geothermal gradients of 25 and 40 K/km, respectively. It was also concluded that for most wells the rate of penetration of the melting bits should be increased several times over that attained in the Subterrene tests. Subterrene melting penetration tests showed that borehole glass liners can be formed in a wide variety of materials and structural characterization tests showed that tuff glass cylinders can be many times stronger in compression than the parent material. Also, the tests showed that the rock-glass liner permeability decreases rapidly with confining pressure. New melting devices are conceivable that could line rotary-drilled boreholes with rock glass or other materials with resultant improvements in well costs. With emphasis on borehole liners, an overview of Subterrene program results, data on rock-glass liners, and suggestions on how molten materials might be applied to the borehole wall as part of a rotary drilling operation are presented.
Altseimer, J.H.
Optical pyrometer system for collisionless shock experiments in high-power laser-produced plasmas
A temporally and spatially resolved optical pyrometer system has been fielded on Gekko XII experiments. The system is based on the self-emission measurements with a gated optical imager (GOI) and a streaked optical pyrometer (SOP). Both detectors measure the intensity of the self-emission from laser-produced plasmas at the wavelength of 450 nm with a bandpass filter with a width of {approx}10 nm in FWHM. The measurements were calibrated with different methods, and both results agreed with each other within 30% as previously reported [T. Morita et al., Astrophys. Space Sci. 336, 283 (2011)]. As a tool for measuring the properties of low-density plasmas, the system is applicable for the measurements of the electron temperature and density in collisionless shock experiments [Y. Kuramitsu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 175002 (2011)].
Morita, T.; Sakawa, Y.; Kuramitsu, Y.; Sano, T.; Takabe, H. [Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan); Dono, S.; Ide, T.; Tanji, H.; Shiroshita, A. [Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan); Shibata, S.; Aoki, H. [Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 (Japan); Waugh, J. N.; Woolsey, N. C. [Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD (United Kingdom); Gregory, C. D. [LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau (France)
Design of collection optics and polychromators for a JT-60SA Thomson scattering system
This paper presents designs of collection optics for a JT-60SA Thomson scattering system. By using tangential (to the toroidal direction) YAG laser injection, three collection optics without strong chromatic aberration generated by the wide viewing angle and small design volume were found to measure almost all the radial space. For edge plasma measurements, the authors optimized the channel number and wavelength ranges of band-pass filters in a polychromator to reduce the relative error in T{sub e} by considering all spatial channels and a double-pass laser system with different geometric parameters.
Tojo, H.; Hatae, T.; Sakuma, T.; Hamano, T.; Itami, K. [Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 801-1 Mukoyama, Naka 311-0193 (Japan); Aida, Y.; Suitoh, S.; Fujie, D. [Showa Optronics Co., Ltd., 1-22-1 Hakusan, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-0006 (Japan)
Distributed fiber optic intrusion sensor system for monitoring long perimeters
A distributed sensor using an optical fiber for detecting and locating intruders over long perimeters (>10 km) is described. Phase changes resulting from either the pressure of the intruder on the ground immediately above the buried fiber or from seismic disturbances in the vicinity are sensed by a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (??OTDR). Light pulses from a cw laser operating in a single longitudinal mode and with low (MHz/min range) frequency drift are injected into one end of the single mode fiber, and the backscattered light is monitored with a photodetector. In laboratory tests with 12 km of fiber on reels, the effects of localized phase perturbations induced by a piezoelectric fiber stretcher on ??OTDR traces were characterized. In field tests in which the sensing element is a single mode fiber in a 3-mm diameter cable buried in an 8 to 18 inch deep, 4 inch wide trench in clay soil, detection of intruders on foot up to 15 ft from the cable line was achieved. In desert terrain field tests in which the sensing fiber is in a 4.5-mm diameter cable buried in a 1 ft deep, 2.5 ft wide trench filled with loose sand, high sensitivity and consistent detection of intruders on foot and of vehicles traveling down a road near the cable line was realized over a cable length of 8.5 km and a total fiber path of 19 km in real time. In a final series of field tests in clay soil, phase changes produced by the steps of a person walking up to 15 ft away from the buried cable were observed, and vehicles traveling at 10 mph were consistently detected up to 300 ft away. Based on these results, this technology may be regarded as a candidate for providing low-cost perimeter security for nuclear power plants, electrical power distribution centers, storage facilities for fuel and volatile chemicals, communication hubs, airports, government offices, military bases, embassies, and national borders.
Juarez, Juan C.
Optical Measurement of Bubbles: System Design and Application
Affordable high quality charge-coupled device (CCD) video cameras and image processing software are powerful tools for bubble measurements. Because of the wide variation between bubble populations, different bubble measurement systems (BMSs) are ...
Ira Leifer; Gerrit de Leeuw; Leo H. Cohen
A Torus-Based Hierarchical Optical-Electronic Network-on-Chip for Multiprocessor System-on-Chip
Networks-on-chip (NoCs) are emerging as a key on-chip communication architecture for multiprocessor systems-on-chip (MPSoCs). Optical communication technologies are introduced to NoCs in order to empower ultra-high bandwidth with low power consumption. ... Keywords: Hierarchical architecture, multiprocessor system-on-chip, optical network-on-chip, optical-electronic router, power consumption
Yaoyao Ye; Jiang Xu; Xiaowen Wu; Wei Zhang; Weichen Liu; Mahdi Nikdast
The College of Optics & Photonics Industrial Affiliates Day
wavelength Sunlight Unclad fiber under UV light Concentrating fiber fabric First complete solar The College of Optics & Photonics Infrared Systems Lab Solar X-ray Imager Near-field Scanning Optical crystals) · OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS · LIGHT PROCESSING TECH · Laser Energetics · POLARA · Applied Photonics
Van Stryland, Eric
Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance Studies on ?-conjugated semiconductor systems
Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) techniques were used to investigate the dynamics of excitons and charge carriers in ?-conjugated organic semiconductors. Degradation behavior of the negative spin-1/2 electroluminescence-detected magnetic resonance (ELDMR) was observed in Alq3 devices. The increase in the resonance amplitude implies an increasing bipolaron formation during degradation, which might be the result of growth of charge traps in the device. The same behavior of the negative spin-1/2 ELDMR was observed in 2wt% Rubrene doped Tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminium (Alq3) devices. However, with increasing injection current, a positive spin-1/2 ELDMR, together with positive spin 1 triplet powder patterns at {delta}m{sub S}={+-}1 and {delta}m{sub S}={+-}2, emerges. Due to the similarities in the frequency dependences of single and double modulated ELDMR and the photoluminescence-detected magnetic resonance (PLDMR) results in poly[2-methoxy-5-(2 -ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenyl ene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) films, the mechanism for this positive spin-1/2 ELDMR was assigned to enhanced triplet-polaron quenching under resonance conditions. The ELDMR in rubrene doped Alq3 devices provides a path to investigate charge distribution in the device under operational conditions. Combining the results of several devices with different carrier blocking properties and the results from transient EL, it was concluded trions not only exist near buffer layer but also exist in the electron transport layer. This TPQ model can also be used to explain the positive spin-1/2 PLDMR in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films at low temperature and in MEH-PPV films at various temperatures up to room temperature. Through quantitative analysis, TE-polaron quenching (TPQ) model is shown having the ability to explain most behaviors of the positive spin-1/2 resonance. Photocurrent detected magnetic resonance (PCDMR) studies on MEH-PPV devices revealed a novel transient resonance signal. The signal may originate from the higher concentration of deep traps near cathode. A quantitative analysis based on this assumption was carried out and found to be consistent with the experimental results.
Chen, Ying
New Energy-Saving Fiber Optic Lighting System Lights Up Public Spaces
Energy Focus to develop a Energy Focus to develop a breakthrough lighting technology that delivers light comparable to conventional lamps while using significantly less energy per lumen, reducing watts per square foot without sacrificing light levels. As a result of DOE SBIR and other government funding, EFO (efficient fiber optics) Lighting Systems can deliver as much as 80% energy savings over halogen or
Negative ion source with low temperature transverse divergence optical system
A negative ion source is provided which has extremely low transverse divergence as a result of a unique ion focusing system in which the focal line of an ion beam emanating from an elongated, concave converter surface is outside of the ion exit slit of the source and the path of the exiting ions. The beam source operates with a minimum ion temperature which makes possible a sharply focused (extremely low transverse divergence) ribbon like negative ion beam.
Whealton, J.H.; Stirling, W.L.
Design considerations for a fiber optic communications network for power systems
The design of a fiber optic communication network for monitoring and control in power systems is discussed. It is shown that by appropriate choice of protocols, a fault-tolerant system can be built that operates in any arbitrary configuration. Since the network is based on fiber optics, it can be made fast enough for substation monitoring and control. In this application, a relatively small number of cables is required to implement a high reliability system. The network can also be used for distribution automation. In this application the network is required to reach all parts of the power system, and the fiber cable itself becomes a significant fraction of the cost of communications. However, since many applications can be supported at once, the cost per function can be reasonable.
Kirkham, H.; Johnston, A.R. [Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena, CA (United States); Allen, G.D. [American Electric Power Service Corp., Columbus, OH (United States)
Estimation of Channel Impulse Response Using Modified Ceiling Bounce Model in Non-Directed Indoor Optical Wireless Systems
In this paper a modification to the traditional Ceiling bounce model is proposed for use with non-directed indoor optical wireless systems which takes into account the transceiver separation distances as well as their actual positions while computing ... Keywords: Diffuse indoor optical systems, Indoor channel impulse response, Modified Ceiling bounce model
K. Smitha; Arumugam Sivabalan; Joseph John
An efficient all-optical switch using a lambda atom in a cavity QED system
We propose an all-optical switch constructed from a two-mode optical resonator containing a strongly coupled, three-state system. The coupling allows a weak laser drive to incoherently control the transmission of a much stronger signal laser into (and through) the resonator. We demonstrate that in this simple setup the presence of a control drive with one tenth the power of the signal drive can induce near complete reflection of the signal, while its absence allows for near complete transmission. The switch can also be operated as a set-reset relay with two control inputs that efficiently drive the switch into either the reflecting or the transmitting state
Anne E. B. Nielsen; Joseph Kerckhoff
Nielsen, Anne E B
Development of a flexible optical fiber based high resolution integrated PET/MRI system
Purpose: The simultaneous measurement of PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging field for molecular imaging research. Although optical fiber based PET/MRI systems have advantages on less interference between PET and MRI, there is a drawback in reducing the scintillation light due to the fiber. To reduce the problem, the authors newly developed flexible optical fiber bundle based block detectors and employed them for a high resolution integrated PET/MRI system. Methods: The flexible optical fiber bundle used 0.5 mm diameter, 80 cm long double clad fibers which have dual 12 mm Multiplication-Sign 24 mm rectangular inputs and a single 24 mm Multiplication-Sign 24 mm rectangular output. In the input surface, LGSO scintillators of 0.025 mol.% (decay time: {approx}31 ns: 0.9 mm Multiplication-Sign 1.3 mm Multiplication-Sign 5 mm) and 0.75 mol.% (decay time: {approx}46 ns: 0.9 mm Multiplication-Sign 1.3 mm Multiplication-Sign 6 mm) were optically coupled in depth direction to form depth-of-interaction detector, arranged in 11 Multiplication-Sign 13 matrix and optically coupled to the fiber bundle. The two inputs of the bundle are bent for 90 Degree-Sign , bound to one, and are optically coupled to a Hamamatsu 1-in. square position sensitive photomultiplier tube. Results: Light loss due to the fiber bundle could be reduced and the performance of the block detectors was improved. Eight optical fiber based block detectors (16 LGSO blocks) were arranged in a 56 mm diameter ring to form a PET system. Spatial resolution and sensitivity were 1.2 mm full-width at half-maximum and 1.2% at the central field-of-view, respectively. Sensitivity change was less than 1% for 2 Degree-Sign C temperature changes. This PET system was integrated with a 0.3 T permanent magnet MRI system which has 17 cm diameter hole at the yoke area for insertion of the PET detector ring. There was no observable interference between PET and MRI. Simultaneous imaging of PET and MRI was successfully performed for small animal studies. Conclusions: The authors confirmed that the developed high resolution PET/MRI system is promising for molecular imaging research.
Yamamoto, Seiichi; Watabe, Hiroshi; Kanai, Yasukazu; Watabe, Tadashi; Aoki, Masaaki; Sugiyama, Eiji; Kato, Katsuhiko; Hatazawa, Jun [Department of Radiological and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673 (Japan); Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 565-0871 Osaka (Japan); Neomax Engineering, Takasaki 370-2115 (Japan); Department of Radiological and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 461-8673 (Japan); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan) and Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan)
Views on Applying RKW Theory: An Illustration Using the 8 May 2009 Derecho-Producing Convective System
This work presents an analysis of the vertical wind shear during the early stages of the remarkable 8 May 2009 central U.S. derecho-producing convective system. Comments on applying Rotunno�Klemp�Weisman (RKW) theory to mesoscale convective ...
Michael C. Coniglio; Stephen F. Corfidi; John S. Kain
Applied research of data sensing and service to ubiquitous intelligent transportation system
High-efficiency transportation systems in urban environments are not only solutions for the growing public travel demands, but are also the premise for enlarging transportation capacity and narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas. Such transportation ... Keywords: Beijing ubiquitous transportation intelligent system (BUIT), application systems, cyber physical systems (CPS), moving sensors (MS)
Weifeng Lv; Bowen Du; Dianfu Ma; Tongyu Zhu; Chen Wang
SCRAM: a fast computational model for the optical performance of point fucus solar central receiver systems
Because of the complexities of heliostat shadowing and blocking calculations, computational models for the optical performance of point focus central receiver (PFCR) systems tend to be too slow for many important applications, such as optimization studies based on performance with realistic weather data. In this paper, a mathematical approximation procedure, designated Sandia Central Receiver Approximation Model (SCRAM) will be described. Rather than simulating the system components from first principles, it relies on data generated by the DELSOL code of Dellin and Fish for the optical performance of PFCR systems, and abstracts a mathematical model using a stepwise regression procedure. The result is a computational procedure which allows the user to define the heliostat field boundaries and tower height arbitrarily, generating a model for optical field performance, including shadowing, blocking, cosine, losses, and atmospheric attenuation, and which requires only a polynomial evaluation for each set of sun angles. A comparison with DELSOL for three different fields on three representative days indicates that the rms error of the approximation is 1-3% and that the new code is 1,000-3,000 times as fast as DELSOL. It is also shown that one reason that the accuracy in field performance predictions is higher than that of the generting function for the model is that much of the error in the generating function is due to an oscillatory behavior associated with a moire pattern in the optical response of the heiostat field.
Bergeron, K. D.; Chiang, C. J.
Systems and methods for optically measuring properties of hydrocarbon fuel gases
A system and method for optical interrogation and measurement of a hydrocarbon fuel gas includes a light source generating light at near-visible wavelengths. A cell containing the gas is optically coupled to the light source which is in turn partially transmitted by the sample. A spectrometer disperses the transmitted light and captures an image thereof. The image is captured by a low-cost silicon-based two-dimensional CCD array. The captured spectral image is processed by electronics for determining energy or BTU content and composition of the gas. The innovative optical approach provides a relatively inexpensive, durable, maintenance-free sensor and method which is reliable in the field and relatively simple to calibrate. In view of the above, accurate monitoring is possible at a plurality of locations along the distribution chain leading to more efficient distribution. 14 figs.
Adler-Golden, S.; Bernstein, L.S.; Bien, F.; Gersh, M.E.; Goldstein, N.
Solar power system utilizing optical fibers each fiber fed by a respective lens
A mosaic of lenses is oriented to face the sun. Each lens focuses a solar image upon the open end of a respective optical fiber. The several fibers converge to form a bundle. The bundle passes to a receiver generally inside a building. The radiation delivered by the bundle may be used for cooking, lighting, operation of a thermodynamic engine, or other similar application. In the preferred system the lens mosaic is a plastic sheet into which lenses have been molded. In a first auxiliary system the lens mosaic is formed on the front surface of a transparent plate. Solar images are formed on the rear surface. Optical fibers are attached where these solar images are formed. This eliminates two reflecting surfaces, thereby increasing efficiency by 19%. In a second auxiliary system mass of the plate is reduced by using truncated cones to transmit the radiation to the solar image positions.
Whitaker, R.O.
A comprehensive approach to complex system product development : operations management tools applied to automotive design
The research is based on observations made over a two-year period with the Closures Systems Integrators or CSIs (supervisory engineers who coordinate attribute balance and system decisions for conflicting door attributes) ...
Noor, Muhammad Jehanzeb, 1982-
This paper describes an extension of the Point of Collapse method developed for ac systems studies to the determination of saddle-node bifurcations in power systems including high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission. Bus voltage profiles are illustrated for an ac/dc test system, which significantly differ from the profiles of pure ac systems for typical system models. In particular, voltage dependent current order limits (VD-COLs) are shown to affect the voltage profiles ("nose" curves) and the loadability margin of the system. It is also shown that Hopf bifurcations, which are not possible in purely ac lossless systems with second-order generator models, become plausible when the dynamics for the HVDC system are included.
Claudio A. Ca�izares; Fernando L. Alvarado; et al.
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics A Modeling Framework for Applying Discrete Optimization to System
system (e.g. electric, bipropellant), power supply system (solar, nuclear), and thermal control system variables. Genetic algorithms are evolutionary search techniques that mimic Darwin's Theory of Natural designs of a hydrogen reduction reactor exist, they can both be included at the "OR" level for hydrogen
de Weck, Olivier L.
Applying simulation experience design methods to creating serious game-based adaptive training systems
The purpose of the present paper is to briefly introduce adaptive training systems, and describe the Simulation Experience Design Method. Adaptive training systems are serious games whose goal it is to engender communication opportunities for players ... Keywords: Adaptive training systems, Communication, Real-time in-game feedback assessment, Serious games, Simulation Experience Design Method
Elaine M. Raybourn
Concentrator Photovoltaic Qualification Standards for Systems Using Refractive and Reflective Optics: Preprint
This paper describes a proposed international qualification standard for photovoltaic (PV) systems generating electricity from concentrated sunlight. The standard's purpose is to provide stress tests and procedures to identify any component weaknesses in a system. If no weaknesses are identified during qualification, both the manufacturer and the customer can expect a more reliable product. In 2002, we began developing the standard, under the auspices of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), that would describe testing procedures for concentrator PV systems using reflecting (mirrors) or refractive (lenses) optics for focusing sunlight onto solar cells. The initial draft of the IEC standard was based on the first concentrator PV qualification standard published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in the United States in 2001. Well-developed U.S. concentrator technologies use refractive optics, and the IEEE standard needed improvement for testing systems with reflective optics. Furthermore, with record III-V solar cell efficiencies above 37%, concentrator PV developers around the world would like to incorporate such cells into their next generation of technologies. The paper will highlight significant differences between the proposed IEC standard and the earlier IEEE standard.
McConnell, R.; Ji, L.; Lasich, J.; Mansfield, R.
Applying Systems Engineering in a Renewable Energy Research and Development Environment: Preprint
This paper examines lessons learned in systems engineering research and development at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and explores new ideas for future process enhancements.
Snyder, N.; Antkowiak, M.
System level design of telecom systems using formal model refinement: Applying the B method/language in practice
The increasing complexity of modern telecommunication systems is one of the main issues encountered in most telecom products. Despite the plethora of methods and tools for efficient system design, verification and validation phases are still consuming ... Keywords: Correct by construction systems, Formal methods, Formal verification, System level design
KBSLUA: A knowledge-based system applied in river land use assessment
The assessment of river land use is an important, but complex and time-consuming task that has to deal with a huge amount of data, domain regulations, legal aspects, and expert knowledge in terms of environmental protection, ecology, and water resource ... Keywords: Geographic information system, Knowledge-based system, River land use
Tzai-Zang Lee; Chien-Hsing Wu; Hsien-Hui Wei
Solar load ratio method applied to commercial building active solar system sizing
The hourly simulation procedure is the DOE-2 building energy analysis computer program. It is capable of calculating the loads and of simulating various control strategies in detail for both residential and commercial buildings and yet is computationally efficient enough to be used for extensive parametric studies. In addition, to a Building Service Hot Water (BSHW) System and a combined space heating and hot water system using liquid collectors for a commercial building analyzed previously, a space heating system using an air collector is analyzed. A series of runs is made for systems using evacuated tube collectors for comparison to flat-plate collectors, and the effects of additional system design parameters are investigated. Also, the generic collector types are characterized by standard efficiency curves, rather than by detailed collector specifications. (MHR)
Schnurr, N.M.; Hunn, B.D.; Williamson, K.D. III
Fade-resistant forward error correction method for free-space optical communications systems
Free-space optical (FSO) laser communication systems offer exceptionally wide-bandwidth, secure connections between platforms that cannot other wise be connected via physical means such as optical fiber or cable. However, FSO links are subject to strong channel fading due to atmospheric turbulence and beam pointing errors, limiting practical performance and reliability. We have developed a fade-tolerant architecture based on forward error correcting codes (FECs) combined with delayed, redundant, sub-channels. This redundancy is made feasible though dense wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and/or high-order M-ary modulation. Experiments and simulations show that error-free communications is feasible even when faced with fades that are tens of milliseconds long. We describe plans for practical implementation of a complete system operating at 2.5 Gbps.
Johnson, Gary W. (Livermore, CA); Dowla, Farid U. (Castro Valley, CA); Ruggiero, Anthony J. (Livermore, CA)
Systems engineering applied to integrated safety management for high consequence facilities
Integrated Safety Management is a concept that is being actively promoted by the U.S. Department of Energy as a means of assuring safe operation of its facilities. The concept involves the integration of safety precepts into work planning rather than adjusting for safe operations after defining the work activity. The system engineering techniques used to design an integrated safety management system for a high consequence research facility are described. An example is given to show how the concepts evolved with the system design.
Barter, R; Morais, B
Development of an Integrated Multicontaminant Removal Process Applied to Warm Syngas Cleanup for Coal-Based Advanced Gasification Systems
an Integrated an Integrated Multicontaminant Removal Process Applied to Warm Syngas Cleanup for Coal-Based Advanced Gasification Systems Background The U.S. has more coal than any other country, and it can be converted through gasification into electricity, liquid fuels, chemicals, or hydrogen. However, for coal gasification to become sufficiently competitive to benefit the U.S. economy and help reduce our dependence on foreign fuels, gasification costs must be reduced
Integrated optical systems for excitation delivery and broadband detection in micro-fluidic electrochromatography
The authors have designed and assembled two generations of integrated micro-optical systems that deliver pump light and detect broadband laser-induced fluorescence in micro-fluidic chemical separation systems employing electrochromatography. The goal is to maintain the sensitivity attainable with larger, tabletop machines while decreasing package size and increasing throughput (by decreasing the required chemical volume). One type of micro-optical system uses vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) as the excitation source. Light from the VCSELs is relayed with four-level surface relief diffractive optical elements (DOEs) and delivered to the chemical volume through substrate-mode propagation. Indirect fluorescence from dye-quenched chemical species is collected and collimated with a high numerical aperture DOE. A filter blocks the excitation wavelength, and the resulting signal is detected as the chemical separation proceeds. Variations of this original design include changing the combination of reflective and transmissive DOEs and optimizing the high numerical aperture DOE with a rotationally symmetric iterative discrete on-axis algorithm. The authors will discuss the results of these implemented optimizations.
Miniaturized Fiber-Optic Transmission System for MRI Omer Gokalp Memis,1 Yigitcan Eryaman,1 Orhan Aytur,1 and Ergin Atalar1,2*
Miniaturized Fiber-Optic Transmission System for MRI Signals Omer Gokalp Memis,1 Yigitcan Eryaman,1 to a photodetector with fiber-optic cabling. The overall noise figure of the system is lower than 1 dB. Total power for such a small- sized fiber-optic transmission system is the minimization of cabling problems in phased array
Atalar, Ergin
Beam power and angle adaptation in multibeam 2.5 Gbit/s spot diffusing mobile optical wireless system
Mobility can induce significant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance degradation in optical wireless (OW) systems based on diffuse as well as spot-diffusing configurations. Two methods (beam angle and beam power adaptation) are introduced to the design ... Keywords: beam angle adaptation, diversity receiver, optical wireless communication, transmit power adaptation
Fuad E. Alsaadi; Jaafar M. H. Elmirghani
Retrievals of Thick Cloud Optical Depth from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) by Calibration of Solar Background Signal
Laser beams emitted from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS), as well as other spaceborne laser instruments, can only penetrate clouds to a limit of a few optical depths. As a result, only optical depths of thinner clouds (< about 3 for ...
Yuekui Yang; Alexander Marshak; J. Christine Chiu; Warren J. Wiscombe; Stephen P. Palm; Anthony B. Davis; Douglas A. Spangenberg; Louis Nguyen; James D. Spinhirne; Patrick Minnis
Analysis and Evaluation of Learning Classifier Systems applied to Hyperspectral Image Classification
In this article, two learning classifier systems based on evolutionary techniques are described to classify remote sensing images. Usually, these images contain voluminous, complex, and sometimes erroneous and noisy data. The first approach implements ...
Arnaud Quirin; Jerzy Korczak; Martin V. Butz; David E. Goldberg
Applied fractionalization : quantum phases and phase transitions of strongly interacting systems
Strongly correlated systems present interesting challenges in condensed matter physics. On the one hand, the theoretical work in the last two decades suggests that strong interactions may lead to new phases and phase ...
Grover, Tarun, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Systems Theoretic Hazard Analysis (STPA) applied to the risk review of complex systems : an example from the medical device industry
Traditional methods to identify and document hazards, and the corresponding safety constraints, are lacking in their ability to account for human, software and sub-system interactions in highly technical systems. STAMP, a ...
Antoine, Blandine
Beam Size Measurement by Optical Diffraction Radiation and Laser System for Compton Polarimeter
Beam diagnostics is an essential constituent of any accelerator, so that it is named as "organs of sense" or "eyes of the accelerator." Beam diagnostics is a rich field. A great variety of physical effects or physical principles are made use of in this field. Some devices are based on electro-magnetic influence by moving charges, such as faraday cups, beam transformers, pick-ups; Some are related to Coulomb interaction of charged particles with matter, such as scintillators, viewing screens, ionization chambers; Nuclear or elementary particle physics interactions happen in some other devices, like beam loss monitors, polarimeters, luminosity monitors; Some measure photons emitted by moving charges, such as transition radiation, synchrotron radiation monitors and diffraction radiation-which is the topic of the first part of this thesis; Also, some make use of interaction of particles with photons, such as laser wire and Compton polarimeters-which is the second part of my thesis. Diagnostics let us perceive what properties a beam has and how it behaves in a machine, give us guideline for commissioning, controlling the machine and indispensable parameters vital to physics experiments. In the next two decades, the research highlight will be colliders (TESLA, CLIC, JLC) and fourth-generation light sources (TESLA FEL, LCLS, Spring 8 FEL) based on linear accelerator. These machines require a new generation of accelerator with smaller beam, better stability and greater efficiency. Compared with those existing linear accelerators, the performance of next generation linear accelerator will be doubled in all aspects, such as 10 times smaller horizontal beam size, more than 10 times smaller vertical beam size and a few or more times higher peak power. Furthermore, some special positions in the accelerator have even more stringent requirements, such as the interaction point of colliders and wigglor of free electron lasers. Higher performance of these accelerators increases the difficulty of diagnostics. For most cases, intercepting measurements are no longer acceptable, and nonintercepting method like synchrotron radiation monitor can not be applied to linear accelerators. The development of accelerator technology asks for simutanous diagnostics innovations, to expand the performance of diagnostic tools to meet the requirements of the next generation accelerators. Diffraction radiation and inverse Compton scattering are two of the most promising techniques, their nonintercepting nature avoids perturbance to the beam and damage to the instrumentation. This thesis is divided into two parts, beam size measurement by optical diffraction radiation and Laser system for Compton polarimeter. Diffraction radiation, produced by the interaction between the electric field of charged particles and the target, is related to transition radiation. Even though the theory of diffraction radiation has been discussed since 1960s, there are only a few experimental studies in recent years. The successful beam size measurement by optical diffraction radiation at CEBAF machine is a milestone: First of all, we have successfully demonstrated diffraction radiation as an effective nonintercepting diagnostics; Secondly, the simple linear relationship between the diffraction radiation image size and the actual beam size improves the reliability of ODR measurements; And, we measured the polarized components of diffraction radiation for the first time and I analyzed the contribution from edge radiation to diffraction radiation.
Chuyu Liu
Lessons Learned from the Alternative Fuels Experience and How They Apply to the Development of a Hydrogen-Fueled Transportation System
Report describes efforts to deploy alternative transportation fuels and how those experiences might apply to a hydrogen-fueled transportation system.
Melendez, M.; Theis, K.; Johnson, C.
Long-distance entanglement in many-body atomic and optical systems
We discuss the phenomenon of long-distance entanglement in the ground state of quantum spin models, its use in high-fidelity and robust quantum communication, and its realization in many-body systems of ultracold atoms in optical lattices and in arrays of coupled optical cavities. We investigate different patterns of site-dependent interaction couplings, singling out two general settings: Patterns that allow for perfect long-distance entanglement (LDE) in the ground state of the system, namely such that the end-to-end entanglement remains finite in the thermodynamic limit, and patterns of quasi long-distance entanglement (QLDE) in the ground state of the system, namely, such such that the end-to-end entanglement vanishes with a very slow power-law decay as the length of the spin chain is increased. We discuss physical realizations of these models in ensembles of ultracold bosonic atoms loaded in optical lattices. We show how, using either suitably engineered super-lattice structures or exploiting the presence of edge impurities in lattices with single periodicity, it is possible to realize models endowed with nonvanishing LDE or QLDE. We then study how to realize models that optimize the robustness of QLDE at finite temperature and in the presence of imperfections using suitably engineered arrays of coupled optical cavities. We finally introduce LDE-based schemes of long-distance quantum teleportation in linear arrays of coupled cavities and show that they allow for high-fidelity and high success rates even at moderately high temperatures.
Salvatore M. Giampaolo; Fabrizio Illuminati
Streaked Optical Pyrometer System for Laser-Driven Shock-Wave Experiments on OMEGA
The temperature of laser-driven shock waves is of interest to inertial confinement fusion and high-energy-density physics. We report on a streaked optical pyrometer that measures the self-emission of laser-driven shocks simultaneously with a velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR). Together these diagnostics are used to obtain the temporally and spatially resolved temperatures of ~Mbar shocks driven by the OMEGA laser. We provide a brief description of the diagnostic and how it is used with VISAR. Key spectral calibration results are discussed and important characteristics of the recording system are presented.
Miller, J.E.; Boehly, T.R.; Melchior, Meyerhofer, D.D.; Celliers, P.M.; Eggert, J.H.; Hicks, D.G.; Sorce, C.M.; Oertel, J.A.; Emmel, P.M.
LIS: Localization based on an intelligent distributed fuzzy system applied to a WSN
The localization of the sensor nodes is a fundamental problem in wireless sensor networks. There are a lot of different kinds of solutions in the literature. Some of them use external devices like GPS, while others use special hardware or implicit parameters ... Keywords: CL, Centroid, Fuzzy system, Localization, RSSI, WSN
D. F. Larios; J. Barbancho; F. J. Molina; C. Le�n
A Displacement-Based Error Measure Applied in a Regional Ensemble Forecasting System
Errors in regional forecasts often take the form of phase errors, where a forecasted weather system is displaced in space or time. For such errors, a direct measure of the displacement is likely to be more valuable than traditional measures. A ...
Christian Keil; George C. Craig
Study on a hybrid fuzzy-PI controller applied to VSC-HVDC system
A hybrid fuzzy-PI controller for voltage source converter based HYDC (VSC-HVDC) transmission system is proposed in this paper. At first, the elementary model of VSC-HYDC is described. Then the fuzzy self-tuning control strategy is proposed, in which ... Keywords: HVDC, VSC, direct current control, hybrid fuzzy-PI control
Geng Yuancheng; Li Zhixiong; Zhang Jiangcheng
Solar energy applied to dehumidification and water heating in an integrated system
This project involved the demonstration of a desiccant dryer assist for use with residential air conditioning systems and designed for retrofitting to in-place equipment. The dryer is part of an integrated package including solar regeneration of the desiccant, water heating, and winter time humidification. Some of the key features and results of the project are summarized in this report.
Fago, E.T. Jr.
Fuzzy theory applied in quality management of distributed manufacturing system: A literature review and classification
Fuzzy theory has been regarded as a very important technique for quality management (QM) of distributed manufacturing system and attracts the attentions of academic and industry; however, there is a lack of a comprehensive literature review and a classification ... Keywords: Classification, Clustering analysis, Distributed manufacturing network, Fuzzy theory, Quality management
Lv Yaqiong; Lee Ka Man; Wu Zhang
A macro-micro system architecture analysis framework applied to Smart Grid meter data management systems by Sooraj Prasannan.
??This thesis proposes a framework for architectural analysis of a system at the Macro and Micro levels. The framework consists of two phases �� Formulation� (more)
Prasannan, Sooraj
Multiwavelength optical observations of the chromospherically active binary system MS Ser
We present here a continuation of our ongoing project of multiwavelength optical observations aimed at studying the chromosphere of active binary systems using the information provided for several optical spectroscopic features that are formed at different heights in the chromosphere (Montes et al. 1997, 1998; Sanz-Forcada et al. 1998). In this contribution we focus our study on the preliminar analysis of the active binary system MS Ser. We have taken H$\\alpha$ and H$\\beta$ spectra in 1995 with the Coude Spectrograph at 2.2m telescope in Calar Alto, and high resolution SOFIN echelle spectra (covering H_alpha, H_beta, Na I D_{1} and D_{2}, He I D_{3}, Mg I b triplet, Ca II H & K, and Ca II infrared triplet lines) in 1998 with the 2.56m Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) in La Palma. A strong emission in the Ca II H & K and Ca II IRT lines, coming from the primary component (recently classified as K2IV) is observed. One of the Ca II H & K spectra (at orbital phase near quadrature) reveals that the secondary (G8V) also exhibit a small emission. A near complete and variable filling-in of the H_alpha and H_beta is obtained after the application of the spectral subtraction technique. We detect also some seasonal variations between these two observing runs and in comparation with our previous Ca II H & K observations taken in 1993 (Montes et al. 1995).
J. Sanz-Forcada; D. Montes; M. J. Fernandez-Figueroa; E. De Castro; M. Cornide
Optically powered firing system for the Procyon high explosive pulse power system
An optically powered fireset has been developed for the Procyon high explosive pulsed-power generator at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The fireset was located inside this flux compression experiment where large magnetic fields are generated. No energy sources were allowed inside the experiment and no wire connections can penetrate through the wall, of the experiment because of the high magnetic fields. The flux compression was achieved with high explosives in the experiment. The fireset was used to remotely charge a 1.2 {micro}f capacitor to 6,500V and to provide a readout of the voltage on the capacitor at the control room. The capacitor was charged by using two 7W fiber coupled GaAlAs laser diodes to illuminate two fiber coupled 12V solar cells. The solar cell outputs were connected in parallel to the input of a DC-DC converter which step up a 12V to 6,500V. A voltmeter, powered by illuminating a third 12V solar cell with 1W laser diode, was used to monitor the charge on the capacitor. The voltage was measured with a divider circuit, then converted to frequency in a V-F converter and transmitted to the control room over a fiber optic link. A fiducial circuit measured the capacitor firing current and provided an optical output timing pulse.
Earley, L.; Paul, J.; Rohlev, L.; Goforth, J.; Hall, C.R.
Applying Human Factors Evaluation and Design Guidance to a Nuclear Power Plant Digital Control System
The United States (U.S.) nuclear industry, like similar process control industries, has moved toward upgrading its control rooms. The upgraded control rooms typically feature digital control system (DCS) displays embedded in the panels. These displays gather information from the system and represent that information on a single display surface. In this manner, the DCS combines many previously separate analog indicators and controls into a single digital display, whereby the operators can toggle between multiple windows to monitor and control different aspects of the plant. The design of the DCS depends on the function of the system it monitors, but revolves around presenting the information most germane to an operator at any point in time. DCSs require a carefully designed human system interface. This report centers on redesigning existing DCS displays for an example chemical volume control system (CVCS) at a U.S. nuclear power plant. The crucial nature of the CVCS, which controls coolant levels and boration in the primary system, requires a thorough human factors evaluation of its supporting DCS. The initial digital controls being developed for the DCSs tend to directly mimic the former analog controls. There are, however, unique operator interactions with a digital vs. analog interface, and the differences have not always been carefully factored in the translation of an analog interface to a replacement DCS. To ensure safety, efficiency, and usability of the emerging DCSs, a human factors usability evaluation was conducted on a CVCS DCS currently being used and refined at an existing U.S. nuclear power plant. Subject matter experts from process control engineering, software development, and human factors evaluated the DCS displays to document potential usability issues and propose design recommendations. The evaluation yielded 167 potential usability issues with the DCS. These issues should not be considered operator performance problems but rather opportunities identified by experts to improve upon the design of the DCS. A set of nine design recommendations was developed to address these potential issues. The design principles addressed the following areas: (1) color, (2) pop-up window structure, (3) navigation, (4) alarms, (5) process control diagram, (6) gestalt grouping, (7) typography, (8) terminology, and (9) data entry. Visuals illustrating the improved DCS displays accompany the design recommendations. These nine design principles serve as the starting point to a planned general DCS style guide that can be used across the U.S. nuclear industry to aid in the future design of effective DCS interfaces.
Thomas Ulrich; Ronald Boring; William Phoenix; Emily Dehority; Tim Whiting; Jonathan Morrell; Rhett Backstrom
Technical and Energy Assessment of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Systems applied to the UAE Office Buildings
In the market, the embodied energy payback time (EPBT) is the scale to measure and compare the viability of PV systems against other technologies. Although the impact of PV panels on the operational energy is significant, it is not considered at the time of EPBT estimation. Including savings in operational energy gained over the PV system life leads to shortening the total EPBT. This study shows that the ratio between PV outputs and savings in energy due to PV panels is about 1:3. For the southern and western PV facades of the UAE office buildings, the embodied energy payback time is 12-13 years. When reductions in operational energy are considered the payback time can be reduced to 3 years. It is obvious that the reduction in the operational energy due to the PV panels represents an important factor when the EPBT is estimated.
Radhi, H.
System and method that suppresses intensity fluctuations for free space high-speed optical communication
A high-speed (Gbps), free space optical communication system is based on spectral encoding of radiation from a wide band light source, such as a laser. By using partially coherent laser beams in combination with a relatively slow photosensor, scintillations can be suppressed by orders of magnitude for distances of more than 10 km. To suppress the intensity fluctuations due to atmospheric turbulence, a source with partial transverse coherence in combination with slow response time photodetector is used. Information is encoded in the spectral domain of a wideband optical source by modulation of spectral amplitudes. A non-coherent light source with wide spectrum (an LED, for example) may be used for high-speed communication over short (less than about a mile) distances.
Berman, Gennady P. (Los Alamos, NM); Bishop, Alan R. (Los Alamos, NM); Nguyen, Dinh C. (Los Alamos, NM); Chernobrod, Boris M. (Santa Fe, NM); Gorshkov, Vacheslav N. (Kiev, UA)
Microminiaturized minimally invasive intravascular micro-mechanical systems powered and controlled via fiber-optic cable
A micro-mechanical system for medical procedures is constructed in the basic form of a catheter having a distal end for insertion into and manipulation within a body and a near end providing for a user to control the manipulation of the distal end within the body. A fiber-optic cable is disposed within the catheter and having a distal end proximate to the distal end of the catheter and a near end for external coupling of laser light energy. A microgripper is attached to the distal end of the catheter and providing for the gripping or releasing of an object within the body. A laser-light-to-mechanical-power converter is connected to receive laser light from the distal end of the fiber-optic cable and connected to mechanically actuate the microgripper. 22 figs.
Fitch, J.P.; Hagans, K.; Clough, R.; Matthews, D.L.; Lee, A.P.; Krulevitch, P.A.; Benett, W.J.; Silva, L. Da; Celliers, P.M.
Multi-attribute criteria applied to electric generation energy system analysis LDRD.
This report began with a Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project to improve Sandia National Laboratories multidisciplinary capabilities in energy systems analysis. The aim is to understand how various electricity generating options can best serve needs in the United States. The initial product is documented in a series of white papers that span a broad range of topics, including the successes and failures of past modeling studies, sustainability, oil dependence, energy security, and nuclear power. Summaries of these projects are included here. These projects have provided a background and discussion framework for the Energy Systems Analysis LDRD team to carry out an inter-comparison of many of the commonly available electric power sources in present use, comparisons of those options, and efforts needed to realize progress towards those options. A computer aid has been developed to compare various options based on cost and other attributes such as technological, social, and policy constraints. The Energy Systems Analysis team has developed a multi-criteria framework that will allow comparison of energy options with a set of metrics that can be used across all technologies. This report discusses several evaluation techniques and introduces the set of criteria developed for this LDRD.
Kuswa, Glenn W.; Tsao, Jeffrey Yeenien; Drennen, Thomas E.; Zuffranieri, Jason V.; Paananen, Orman Henrie; Jones, Scott A.; Ortner, Juergen G. (DLR, German Aerospace, Cologne); Brewer, Jeffrey D.; Valdez, Maximo M.
Applied Science/Techniques
Applied Science/Techniques Applied Science/Techniques Applied Science/Techniques Print The ALS is an excellent incubator of new scientific techniques and instrumentation. Many of the technical advances that make the ALS a world-class soft x-ray facility are developed at the ALS itself. The optical components in use at the ALS-mirrors and lenses optimized for x-ray wavelengths-require incredibly high-precision surfaces and patterns (often formed through extreme ultraviolet lithography at the ALS) and must undergo rigorous calibration and testing provided by beamlines and equipment from the ALS's Optical Metrology Lab and Berkeley Lab's Center for X-Ray Optics. New and/or continuously improved experimental techniques are also a crucial element of a thriving scientific facility. At the ALS, examples of such "technique" highlights include developments in lensless imaging, soft x-ray tomography, high-throughput protein analysis, and high-power coherent terahertz radiation.
This thesis proposes a framework for architectural analysis of a system at the Macro and Micro levels. The framework consists of two phases -- Formulation and Analysis. Formulation is made up of three steps -- Identifying ...
Electronic band structure and optical properties of the cubic, Sc, Y and La hydride systems
Electronic band structure calculations are used to interpret the optical spectra of the cubic Sc, Y and La hydride systems. Self-consistent band calculations of ScH/sub 2/ and YH/sub 2/ were carried out. The respective joint densities of states are computed and compared to the dielectric functions determined from the optical measurements. Additional calculations were performed in which the Fermi level or band gap energies are rigidly shifted by a small energy increment. These calculations are then used to simulate the derivative structure in thermomodulation spectra and relate the origin of experimental interband features to the calculated energy bands. While good systematic agreement is obtained for several spectral features, the origin of low-energy interband transitions in YH/sub 2/ cannot be explained by these calculated bands. A lattice-size-dependent premature occupation of octahedral sites by hydrogen atoms in the fcc metal lattice is suggested to account for this discrepancy. Various non-self-consistent calculations are used to examine the effect of such a premature occupation. Measurements of the optical absorptivity of LaH/sub x/ with 1.6 < x < 2.9 are presented which, as expected, indicate a more premature occupation of the octahedral sites in the larger LaH/sub 2/ lattice. These experimental results also suggest that, in contrast to recent calculations, LaH/sub 3/ is a small-band-gap semiconductor.
Peterman, D.J.
Acoustic monitoring method and system in laser-induced optical breakdown (LIOB)
An acoustic monitoring method and system in laser-induced optical breakdown (LIOB) provides information which characterize material which is broken down, microbubbles in the material, and/or the microenvironment of the microbubbles. In one embodiment of the invention, femtosecond laser pulses are focused just inside the surface of a volume of aqueous solution which may include dendrimer nanocomposite (DNC) particles. A tightly focused, high frequency, single-element ultrasonic transducer is positioned such that its focus coincides axially and laterally with this laser focus. When optical breakdown occurs, a microbubble forms and a shock or pressure wave is emitted (i.e., acoustic emission). In addition to this acoustic signal, the microbubble may be actively probed with pulse-echo measurements from the same transducer. After the microbubble forms, received pulse-echo signals have an extra pulse, describing the microbubble location and providing a measure of axial microbubble size. Wavefield plots of successive recordings illustrate the generation, growth, and collapse of microbubbles due to optical breakdown. These same plots can also be used to quantify LIOB thresholds.
O' Donnell, Matthew (Ann Arbor, MI); Ye, Jing Yong (Ann Arbor, MI); Norris, Theodore B. (Dexter, MI); Baker, Jr., James R. (Ann Arbor, MI); Balogh, Lajos P. (Ann Arbor, MI); Milas, Susanne M. (Ann Arbor, MI); Emelianov, Stanislav Y. (Ann Arbor, MI); Hollman, Kyle W. (Fenton, MI)
Stochastic Lagrangian relaxation applied to power scheduling in a hydro-thermal system under uncertainty
A dynamic (multi-stage) stochastic programming model for the weekly cost-optimal generation of electric power in a hydro-thermal generation system under uncertain load is developed. The model involves a large number of mixed-integer (stochastic) decision variables and constraints linking time periods and operating power units. Astochastic Lagrangian relaxation scheme is designed by assigning (stochastic) multipliers to all constraints coupling power units. It is assumed that the stochastic load process is given (or approximated) by a nite number of realizations (scenarios) in scenario tree form. Solving the dual by a bundle subgradient method leads to a successive decomposition into stochastic single (thermal or hydro) unit subproblems. The stochastic thermal and hydro subproblems are solved by astochastic dynamic programming technique and by a speci c descent algorithm, respectively. A Lagrangian heuristics that provides approximate solutions for the rst stage (primal) decisions starting from the optimal (stochastic) multipliers is developed. Numerical results are presented for realistic data from a German power utility andfornumbers of scenarios ranging from 5 to 100 and a time horizon from 7 to 9 days. The sizes of the corresponding optimization problems go up to 200.000 binary and 350.000 continuous variables, and more than 500.000 constraints.
M. P. Nowak; W. R�misch
Assembly and Characterization of a Prototype Laser-Optical Firing System
The design, assembly and characterization of the latest generation of a small, ruggedized laser-optical firing system will be discussed. This work builds upon earlier results in an effort to continue the development of robust fiber-coupled laseroptical firing systems.[1][2] This newest prototype strives to improve on earlier designs, while continuing to utilize many of the environmentally proven opto-mechanical sub-assemblies.[2][3] One area of improvement involves the implementation of a second optical safing and arming component. Several additional design improvements were also incorporated to address shortcomings uncovered during environmental testing.[4][5] These tests and the subsequent failure analysis were performed at the laser sub-system level. Four identical prototypes were assembled and characterized. The performance of the units were evaluated by comparing a number of parameters including laser output energy, slope efficiency, beam divergence, spatial intensity profile, fiber injection and splitter-coupler transmission efficiency. Other factors evaluated were the ease of alignment, repeatability of the alignment process and the fabrication of the fiberoptical cables. The experimentally obtained results will be compared and contrasted to the performance of earlier prototypes.
Morelli, Gregg L
Integrated self-cleaning window assembly for optical transmission in combustion environments
An integrated window design for optical transmission in combustion environments is described. The invention consists of an integrated optical window design that prevents and removes the accumulation of carbon-based particulate matter and gaseous hydrocarbons through a combination of heat and catalysis. These windows will enable established optical technologies to be applied to combustion environments and their exhaust systems.
Kass, Michael D [Oak Ridge, TN
Autonomous Optical Sensor System for the Monitoring of Nitrogen Dioxide from Aging Rocket Propellant
An optical sensor system has been developed for the autonomous monitoring of NO{sub 2} evolution in energetic material aging studies. The system is minimally invasive, requiring only the presence of a small sensor film within the aging chamber. The sensor material is a perylene/PMMA film that is excited by a blue LED light source and the fluorescence detected with a CCD spectrometer. Detection of NO{sub 2} gas is done remotely through the glass window of the aging chamber. Irreversible reaction of NO{sub 2} with perylene, producing the non-fluorescent nitroperylene, provides the optical sensing scheme. The rate of fluorescence intensity loss over time can be modeled using a numerical solution to the coupled diffusion and a nonlinear chemical reaction problem to evaluate NO{sub 2} concentration levels. The light source, spectrometer, spectral acquisition, and data processing were controlled through a Labivew program run by a laptop PC. Due to the long times involved with materials aging studies the system was designed to turn on, warm up, acquire data, power itself off, then recycle at a specific time interval. This allowed the monitoring of aging HE material over the period of several weeks with minimal power consumption and stable LED light output. Despite inherent problems with gas leakage of the aging chamber they were able to test the sensor system in the field under an accelerated aging study of rocket propellant. They found that the propellant evolved NO{sub 2} at a rate that yielded a concentration of between 10 and 100 ppm. The sensor system further revealed that the propellant, over an aging period of 25 days, evolves NO{sub 2} with cyclic behavior between active and dormant periods.
Advanced techniques for safety analysis applied to the gas turbine control system of ICARO co-generative plant
The paper describes two complementary and integrable approaches, a probabilistic one and a deterministic one, based on classic and advanced modelling techniques for safety analysis of complex computer based systems. The probabilistic approach is based on classical and innovative probabilistic analysis methods. The deterministic approach is based on formal verification methods. Such approaches are applied to the gas turbine control system of ICARO co generative plant, in operation at ENEA CR Casaccia. The main difference between the two approaches, behind the underlining different theories, is that the probabilistic one addresses the control system by itself, as the set of sensors, processing units and actuators, while the deterministic one also includes the behaviour of the equipment under control which interacts with the control system. The final aim of the research, documented in this paper, is to explore an innovative method which put the probabilistic and deterministic approaches in a strong relation to overcome the drawbacks of their isolated, selective and fragmented use which can lead to inconsistencies in the evaluation results. 1.
Ro Bologna; Ester Ciancamerla; Piero Incalcaterra; Michele Minichino; Andrea Bobbio; Universit� Del Piemonte Orientale; Enrico Tronci
An iterative method for extreme optics of two-level systems
We formulate the problem of a two-level system in a linearly polarized laser field in terms of a nonlinear Riccati-type differential equation and solve the equation analytically in time intervals much shorter than half the optical period. The analytical solutions for subsequent intervals are then stuck together in an iterative procedure to cover the scale time of the laser pulse. This approach is applicable to pulses of arbitrary (nonrelativistic) strengths, shapes and durations, thus covering the whole region of light-matter couplings from weak through moderate to strong ones. The method allows quick insight into different problems from the field of light--matter interaction. Very good quality of the method is shown by recovering with it a number of subtle effects met in earlier numerically calculated photon-emission spectra from model molecular ions, double quantum wells, atoms and semiconductors. The method presented is an efficient mathematical tool to describe novel effects in the region of, e.g., extreme nonlinear optics, i.e., when two--level systems are exposed to pulses of only a few cycles in duration and strength ensuring the Rabi frequency to approach and even exceed the laser light frequence.
R. Parzynski; M. Sobczak; A. Plucinska
Multiplexed Optical Fiber Sensors for Coal Fired Advanced Fossil Energy Systems
This report summarizes technical progress on the program �??Multiplexed Optical Fiber Sensors for Coal Fired Advanced Fossil Energy Systems�?� funded by the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, and performed jointly by the Center for Photonics Technology of the Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Virginia Tech. This three-year project started on October 1, 2008. In the project, a fiber optical sensing system based on intrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometer (IFPI) was developed for strain and temperature measurements for Ultra Supercritical boiler condition assessment. Investigations were focused on sensor design, fabrication, attachment techniques and novel materials for high temperature and strain measurements. At the start of the project, the technical requirements for the sensing technology were determined together with our industrial partner Alstom Power. As is demonstrated in Chapter 4, all the technical requirements are successfully met. The success of the technology extended beyond laboratory test; its capability was further validated through the field test at DOE NETL, in which the sensors yielded distributed temperature mapping of a testing coupon installed in the turbine test rig. The measurement results agreed well with prior results generated with thermocouples. In this project, significant improvements were made to the IFPI sensor technology by splicing condition optimization, transmission loss reduction, sensor signal demodulation and sensor system design.
Anbo Wang; Gary Pickrell
Applied Science/Techniques Print Applied Science/Techniques Print The ALS is an excellent incubator of new scientific techniques and instrumentation. Many of the technical advances that make the ALS a world-class soft x-ray facility are developed at the ALS itself. The optical components in use at the ALS-mirrors and lenses optimized for x-ray wavelengths-require incredibly high-precision surfaces and patterns (often formed through extreme ultraviolet lithography at the ALS) and must undergo rigorous calibration and testing provided by beamlines and equipment from the ALS's Optical Metrology Lab and Berkeley Lab's Center for X-Ray Optics. New and/or continuously improved experimental techniques are also a crucial element of a thriving scientific facility. At the ALS, examples of such "technique" highlights include developments in lensless imaging, soft x-ray tomography, high-throughput protein analysis, and high-power coherent terahertz radiation.
Applying the Systems Engineering Process for Establishing Requirements for the Safety and Health Monitoring System of the Waste Solidification Building at the Savannah River Site
The Safety and Health Monitoring (SHM) System technical basis document for the Waste Solidification Building (WSB) was developed by the Westinghouse Savannah River Company design team. The WSB is being designed and built to support the waste disposal needs of the Pit Disassembly and Conversion Facility (PDCF) and the Mixed Oxide Fuel Fabrication Facility (MFFF) at the Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina. The main mission of the WSB is to process the radiological liquid waste streams from the PDCF and the MFFF into a solid waste form. The solid waste form, concrete encased waste, is acceptable for shipment and disposal as transuranic (TRU) waste at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) and as Low Level Waste (LLW) at on-site disposal areas. The SHM System will also handle the job control waste from the PDCF, the MFFF, and the WSB. The SHM System will serve the WSB by monitoring personnel radiation exposure and environmental releases. The WSB design used HPT design support in determining the air monitoring equipment required for the WSB. The Systems Engineering (SE) process was applied to define the functions and requirements necessary to design and operate the SHM System. The SE process is a proven disciplined approach that supports management in clearly defining the mission or problem, managing system functions and requirements, identifying and managing risk, establishing bases for informed decision making, and verifying that products and services meet customer needs. This SE process applied to the SHM System was a major effort encompassing requirements analysis and interface control. Use of the SE process combined with HPT design input resulted in well-defined requirements to support the procurement of a safe-mission essential SHM System.
Simpkins, P.J.
A Multiscale Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation System Applied in the San Joaquin Valley during SARMAP. Part I: Modeling Design and Basic Performance Characteristics
This paper presents results of numerical simulations made with a high-resolution multiscale four-dimensional data assimilation system applied over California during two episodes associated with high ozone concentrations in the San Joaquin Valley. ...
Nelson L. Seaman; David R. Stauffer; Annette M. Lario-Gibbs
Simulation and analysis of laser guide star adaptive optics systems for the eight to ten meter class telescopes
This paper discusses the design and analysis of laser-guided adaptive optic systems for the large, 8--10 meter class telescopes. We describe a technique for calculating the expected modulation transfer function and the point spread function for a closed loop adaptive optics system, parameterized by the degree of correction and the seeing conditions. The results agree closely with simulations and experimental data, and validate well known scaling law models even at low order correction. Scaling law.model analysis of a proposed adaptive optics system at the Keck telescope leads to the conclusion that a single laser guide star beacon will be adequate for diffraction limited imaging at wavelengths between 1 and 3 am with reasonable coverage of the sky. Cone anisoplanatism will dominate wavefront correction error at the visible wavelengths unless multiple laser guide stars are used.
Gavel, D.T.; Olivier, S.S.
Operation and maintenance manual for the optical alignment system (OAS) system 6250
The OAS is a camera and laser system that will be used as an end effector on the LDUA to properly align the arm with the entry riser. It is attached to the LDUA by means of a Tool Interface Plat (TIP) which provides a feed through for all electrical and pneumatic utilities needed by the end effector to operate.
Pardini, A.F., Westinghouse Hanford
Solar house heating system using reflective pyramid optical condensing system. Progress report 101-4, June 1, 1975--June 1, 1976
An experimental program to evaluate solar energy heating and cooling systems employing a pyramidal optics concentrating system is described. Work on this contract has proceeded with improvements to the initial test installation and instrumentation and evaluation of a newly constructed residence employing an improved version of the concept. The developmental progress made and the test results obtained thus far are summarized.
The systems edge of the Parameterized Linear Array with a Reconfigurable Pipelined Bus System (LARPBS(p)) optical bus parallel computing model
This paper is about exploring the various systems related aspects pertinent in the recent Parameterized Linear Array with a Reconfigurable Pipelined Bus System (LARPBS(p)) model. The two principal features of the LARPBS(p) model is, firstly, its bridging ... Keywords: Optical bus, Parallel computing model
Brian J. D'Auriol
Tomographic reconstruction for Wide Field Adaptive Optics systems: Fourier domain analysis and fundamental limitations
Several Wide Field of view Adaptive Optics (WFAO) concepts like Multi-Conjugate AO (MCAO), Multi-Object AO (MOAO) or Ground-Layer AO (GLAO) are currently studied for the next generation of Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs). All these concepts will use atmospheric tomography to reconstruct the turbulent phase volume. In this paper, we explore different reconstruction algorithms and their fundamental limitations. We conduct this analysis in the Fourier domain. This approach allows us to derive simple analytical formulations for the different configurations, and brings a comprehensive view of WFAO limitations. We then investigate model and statistical errors and their impact on the phase reconstruction. Finally, we show some examples of different WFAO systems and their expected performance on a 42m telescope case.
B. Neichel; T. Fusco; J. -M. Conan
Multiple layer optical memory system using second-harmonic-generation readout
A novel optical read and write information storage system is described which comprises a radiation source such as a laser for writing and illumination, the radiation source being capable of radiating a preselected first frequency; a storage medium including at least one layer of material for receiving radiation from the radiation source and capable of being surface modified in response to said radiation source when operated in a writing mode and capable of generating a pattern of radiation of the second harmonic of the preselected frequency when illuminated by the radiation source at the preselected frequency corresponding to the surface modifications on the storage medium; and a detector to receive the pattern of second harmonic frequency generated.
Boyd, Gary T. (Woodbury, MN); Shen, Yuen-Ron (Berkeley, CA)
Fiber optic monitoring device
A device for the purpose of monitoring light transmissions in optical fibers comprises a fiber optic tap that optically diverts a fraction of a transmitted optical signal without disrupting the integrity of the signal. The diverted signal is carried, preferably by the fiber optic tap, to a lens or lens system that disperses the light over a solid angle that facilitates viewing. The dispersed light indicates whether or not the monitored optical fiber or system of optical fibers is currently transmitting optical information. 4 figures.
Samborsky, J.K.
This invention is comprised of a device for the purpose of monitoring light transmissions in optical fibers comprises a fiber optic tap that optically diverts a fraction of a transmitted optical signal without disrupting the integrity of the signal. The diverted signal is carried, preferably by the fiber optic tap, to a lens or lens system that disperses the light over a solid angle that facilitates viewing. The dispersed light indicates whether or not the monitored optical fiber or system of optical fibers is currently transmitting optical information.
Method for ultrafast optical deflection enabling optical recording via serrated or graded light illumination
In one general embodiment, a method for deflecting an optical signal input into a waveguide is provided. In operation, an optical input signal is propagated through a waveguide. Additionally, an optical control signal is applied to a mask positioned relative to the waveguide such that the application of the optical control signal to the mask is used to influence the optical input signal propagating in the waveguide. Furthermore, the deflected optical input signal output from the waveguide is detected in parallel on an array of detectors. In another general embodiment, a beam deflecting structure is provided for deflecting an optical signal input into a waveguide, the structure comprising at least one wave guiding layer for guiding an optical input signal and at least one masking layer including a pattern configured to influence characteristics of a material of the guiding layer when an optical control signal is passed through the masking layer in a direction of the guiding layer. In another general embodiment, a system is provided including a waveguide, an attenuating mask positioned on the waveguide, and an optical control source positioned to propagate pulsed laser light towards the attenuating mask and the waveguide such that a pattern of the attenuating mask is applied to the waveguide and material properties of at least a portion of the waveguide are influenced.
Digital Pulse-Shape Discrimination Applied to an Ultra-Low-Background Gas-Proportional Counting System: First Results
Abstract A new ultra-low-background proportional counter (ULBPC) design was recently developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). This design, along with an ultra-low-background counting system (ULBCS) which provides passive and active shielding with radon exclusion, has been developed to complement a new shallow underground laboratory (~30 meters water-equivalent) constructed at PNNL. After these steps to mitigate dominant backgrounds (cosmic rays, external gamma-rays, radioactivity in materials), remaining background events do not exclusively arise from ionization of the proportional counter gas. Digital pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) is thus employed to further improve measurement sensitivity. In this work, a template shape is generated for each individual sample measurement of interest, a "self-calibrating" template. Differences in event topology can also cause differences in pulse shape. In this work, the temporal region analyzed for each event is refined to maximize background discrimination while avoiding unwanted sensitivity to event topology. This digital PSD method is applied to sample and background data, and initial measurement results from a biofuel methane sample are presented in the context of low-background measurements currently being developed.
Aalseth, Craig E.; Day, Anthony R.; Fuller, Erin S.; Hoppe, Eric W.; Keillor, Martin E.; Mace, Emily K.; Myers, A. W.; Overman, Cory T.; Panisko, Mark E.; Seifert, Allen; Warren, Glen A.; Williams, Richard M.
No moving parts safe and arm apparatus and method with monitoring and built-in-test for optical firing of explosive systems
A laser initiated ordnance controller apparatus which provides a safe and arm scheme with no moving parts. The safe and arm apparatus provides isolation of firing energy to explosive devices using a combination of polarization isolation and control through acousto-optical deviation of laser energy pulses. The apparatus provides constant monitoring of the systems status and performs 100% built-in-test at any time prior to ordnance ignition without the risk of premature ignition or detonation. The apparatus has a computer controller, a solid state laser, an acousto-optic deflector and RF drive circuitry, built-in-test optics and electronics, and system monitoring capabilities. The optical system is completed from the laser beam power source to the pyrotechnic ordnance through fiber optic cabling, optical splitters and optical connectors. During operation of the apparatus, a command is provided by the computer controller and, simultaneous with laser flashlamp fire, the safe and arm device is opened for approximately 200 microseconds which allows the laser pulse to transmit through the device. The arm signal also energizes the laser power supply and activated the acousto-optical deflector. When the correct fire format command is received, the acousto-optic deflector moves to the selected event channel and the channel is verified to ensure the system is pointing to the correct position. Laser energy is transmitted through the fiber where an ignitor or detonator designed to be sensitive to optical pulses is fired at the end of the fiber channel.
Hendrix, J.L.
Proceedings of ICRC 2001: 623 c Copernicus Gesellschaft 2001 A fiber-optic based calibration system for the HiRes Experiment
Conclusion The fiber-optic calibration system was installed at HiRes-II. 355nm light from a single YAG laser calibration system delivers light from a frequency-tripled (355nm) YAG laser to the 10,762 photoRes detector and check the PMT response over the range of light recorded #12;624 LASERXe FLASHERS 6 FIBER-OPTIC
Study of optical parameters of the Se-As chalcogenide semiconductor system containing EuF{sub 3} impurities
Optical properties of chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors of composition Se{sub 95}As{sub 5} containing different amounts of rare-earth metal fluorides (EuF{sub 3}) are studied, and, on this basis, the fundamental parameters, such as the refractive index and extinction coefficient, are determined. The dependences of these parameters on the content of EuF{sub 3} molecules are nonmonotonic: the low content (below 0.25 at %) aids in decreasing the parameters, whereas the high content tends to increase them. From the analysis of the results with consideration for the structural features of chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors of the Se{sub 95}As{sub 5} system (the presence of ordered high-coordinated microregions separated from each other by regions with a lower atomic density), it is concluded that the optical properties of the chalcogenide vitreous semiconductor system under study can be described in the context of Penn's model.
Isayev, A. I.; Mekhtiyeva, S. I.; Garibova, S. N., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Alekperov, R. I.; Zeynalov, V. Z. [Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Abdullaev Institute of Physics (Azerbaijan)
Thunderstorm and Lightning Studies using the FORTE Optical Lightning System (FORTE/OLS)
Preliminary observations of simultaneous RF and optical emissions from lightning as seen by the FORTE spacecraft are presented. RF/optical pairs of waveforms are routinely collected both as individual lightning events and as sequences of events associated with cloud-to-ground (CG) and intra-cloud (IC) flashes. CG pulses can be distinguished from IC pulses based on the properties of the RF and optical waveforms, but mostly based on the associated RF spectrograms. The RF spectrograms are very similar to previous ground-based VHF observations of lightning and show signatures associated with return strokes, stepped and dart leaders, and attachment processes,. RF emissions are observed to precede the arrival of optical emissions at the satellite by a mean value of 280 microseconds. The dual phenomenology nature of these observations are discussed in terms of their ability to contribute to a satellite-based lightning monitoring mission.
Argo, P.; Franz, R.; Green, J.; Guillen, J.L.; Jacobson, A.R.; Kirkland, M.; Knox, S.; Spalding, R.; Suszcynsky, D.M.
Optical design of the National Ignition Facility main laser and switchyard/target area beam transport system
The optical design of the main laser and transport mirror sections of the National Ignition Facility are described. For the main laser the configuration, layout constraints, multiple beam arrangement, pinhole layout and beam paths, clear aperture budget, ray trace models, alignment constraints, lens designs, wavefront performance, and pupil aberrations are discussed. For the transport mirror system the layout, alignment controls and clear aperture budget are describe
English, R E; Korniski, R J; Miller, J L; Rodgers, J M
Rugged fiber optic probes and sampling systems for remote chemical analysis via the Raman technique
Recent advances in fiber optics, diode lasers, CCD detectors, dielectric and holographic optical filters, grating spectrometers, and chemometric data analysis have greatly simplified Raman spectroscopy. In order to make a rugged fiber optic Raman probe for solids/slurries like these at Savannah River, we have designed a probe that eliminates as many optical elements and surfaces as possible. The diffuse reflectance probe tip is modified for Raman scattering by installing thin dielectric in-line filters. Effects of each filter are shown for the NaNO{sub 3} Raman spectrum. By using a diode laser excitation at 780 nm, fluorescence is greatly reduced, and excellent spectra may be obtained from organic solids. At SRS, fiber optic Raman probes are being developed for in situ chemical mapping of radioactive waste storage tanks. Radiation darkening of silica fiber optics is negligible beyond 700 nm. Corrosion resistance is being evaluated. Analysis of process gas (off-gas from SRS processes) is investigated in some detail: hydrogen in nitrogen with NO{sub 2} interference. Other applications and the advantages of the method are pointed out briefly.
Optical Communication System for Remote Monitoring and Adaptive Control of Distributed Ground Sensors Exhibiting Collective Intelligence
Comprehensive management of the battle-space has created new requirements in information management, communication, and interoperability as they effect surveillance and situational awareness. The objective of this proposal is to expand intelligent controls theory to produce a uniquely powerful implementation of distributed ground-based measurement incorporating both local collective behavior, and interoperative global optimization for sensor fusion and mission oversight. By using a layered hierarchal control architecture to orchestrate adaptive reconfiguration of autonomous robotic agents, we can improve overall robustness and functionality in dynamic tactical environments without information bottlenecks. In this concept, each sensor is equipped with a miniaturized optical reflectance modulator which is interactively monitored as a remote transponder using a covert laser communication protocol from a remote mothership or operative. Robot data-sharing at the ground level can be leveraged with global evaluation criteria, including terrain overlays and remote imaging data. Information sharing and distributed intelli- gence opens up a new class of remote-sensing applications in which small single-function autono- mous observers at the local level can collectively optimize and measure large scale ground-level signals. AS the need for coverage and the number of agents grows to improve spatial resolution, cooperative behavior orchestrated by a global situational awareness umbrella will be an essential ingredient to offset increasing bandwidth requirements within the net. A system of the type described in this proposal will be capable of sensitively detecting, tracking, and mapping spatial distributions of measurement signatures which are non-stationary or obscured by clutter and inter- fering obstacles by virtue of adaptive reconfiguration. This methodology could be used, for example, to field an adaptive ground-penetrating radar for detection of underground structures in urban environments and to detect chemical species concentrations in migrating plumes. Given is our research in these areas and a status report of our progress.
Cameron, S.M.; Stantz, K.M.; Trahan, M.W.; Wagner, J.S.
Fluorescence enhanced optical tomography on breast phantoms with measurements using a gain modulated intensified CCD imaging system
Fluorescence-enhanced optical imaging using near-infrared (NIR) light developed for in-vivo molecular targeting and reporting of cancer provides promising opportunities for diagnostic imaging. However, prior to the administration of unproven contrast agents, the benefits of fluorescence-enhanced optical imaging must be assessed in feasibility phantom studies. A novel intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) imaging system has been developed to perform 3-D fluorescence tomographic imaging in the frequency-domain using near-infrared contrast agents. This study is unique since it (i) employs a large tissue-mimicking phantom (~1087 cc), which is shaped and sized to resemble a female breast and part of the extended chest wall region, and (ii) enables rapid data acquisition in the frequency-domain by using a gain-modulated ICCD camera. Diagnostic 3-D fluorescence-enhanced optical tomography is demonstrated using 0.5-1 cc single and multiple targets contrasted from their surrounding by ??M concentrations of Indocyanine green (ICG) in the breast-shaped phantom (10 cm diameter), under varying conditions of target-to-background absorption contrast ratios (1:0 and 100:1) and target depths (up to 3 cm deep). Boundary surface fluorescence measurements of referenced amplitude and phase shift were used along with the coupled diffusion equation of light propagation in order to perform 3-D image reconstructions using the approximate extended Kalman filter (AEKF) algorithm, and hence differentiate the target from the background based on fluorescent optical contrast. Detection of single and multiple targets is demonstrated under various conditions of target depths (up to 2 cm deep), absorption optical contrast ratio (1:0 and 100:1), target volumes (0.5-1 cc), and multiple targets (up to three 0.5 cc targets). The feasibility of 3-D image reconstructions from simultaneous multiple point excitation sources are presented. Preliminary lifetime imaging studies with 1:2 and 2:1 optical contrast in fluorescence lifetime of the contrast agents is also demonstrated. The specificity of the optical imager is further assessed from homogeneous phantom studies containing no fluorescently contrasted targets. While nuclear imaging currently provides clinical diagnostic opportunities using radioactive tracers, molecular targeting of tumors using non-ionizing NIR contrast agents tomographically imaged using the frequency-domain ICCD imaging system could possibly become a new method of diagnostic imaging.
Godavarty, Anuradha
Applied Science
Applied Science Applied Science Correlation of predicted and measured iron oxidation states in mixed iron oxides H. D. Rosenfeld and W. L. Holstein Development of a quantitative measurement of a diesel spray core using synchrotron x-rays C.F. Powell, Y. Yue, S. Gupta, A. McPherson, R. Poola, and J. Wang Localized phase transformations by x-ray-induced heating R.A. Rosenberg, Q. Ma, W. Farrell, E.D. Crozier, G.J. Soerensen, R.A. Gordon, and D.-T. Jiang Resonant x-ray scattering at the Se edge in ferroelectric liquid crystal materials L. Matkin, H. Gleeson, R. Pindak, P. Mach, C. Huang, G. Srajer, and J. Pollmann Synchrotron-radiation-induced anisotropic wet etching of GaAs Q. Ma, D.C. Mancini, and R.A. Rosenberg Synchrotron-radiation-induced, selective-area deposition of gold on
No moving parts safe & arm apparatus and method with monitoring and built-in-test for optical firing of explosive systems
A laser initiated ordnance controller apparatus which provides a safe and m scheme with no moving parts. The safe & arm apparatus provides isolation of firing energy to explosive devices using a combination of polarization isolation and control through acousto-optical deviation of laser energy pulses. The apparatus provides constant monitoring of the systems status and performs 100% built-in-test at any time prior to ordnance ignition without the risk of premature ignition or detonation. The apparatus has a computer controller, a solid state laser, an acousto-optic deflector and RF drive circuitry, built-in-test optics and electronics, and system monitoring capabilities. The optical system is completed from the laser beam power source to the pyrotechnic ordnance through fiber optic cabling, optical splitters and optical connectors. During operation of the apparatus, a command is provided by the computer controller and, simultaneous with laser flashlamp fire, the safe & arm device is opened for approximately 200 microseconds which allows the laser pulse to transmit through the device. The arm signal also energizes the laser power supply and activates the acousto-optical deflector. When the correct fire format command is received, the acousto-optic deflector moves to the selected event channel, and the channel is verified to ensure the system is pointing to the correct position. Laser energy is transmitted through the fiber where an ignitor or detonator designed to be sensitive to optical pulses is fired at the end of the fiber channel. Simultaneous event channels may also be utilized by optically splitting a single event channel. The built-in-test may be performed anytime prior to ordnance ignition.
Hendrix, James L. (Overland Park, KS)
A laser initiated ordnance controller apparatus which provides a safe and arm scheme with no moving parts. The safe & arm apparatus provides isolation of firing energy to explosive devices using a combination of polarization isolation and control through acousto-optical deviation of laser energy pulses. The apparatus provides constant monitoring of the systems status and performs 100% built-in-test at any time prior to ordnance ignition without the risk of premature ignition or detonation. The apparatus has a computer controller, a solid state laser, an acousto-optic deflector and RF drive circuitry, built-in-test optics and electronics, and system monitoring capabilities. The optical system is completed from the laser beam power source to the pyrotechnic ordnance through fiber optic cabling, optical splitters and optical connectors. During operation of the apparatus, a command is provided by the computer controller and, simultaneous with laser flashlamp fire, the safe & arm device is opened for approximately 200 microseconds which allows the laser pulse to transmit through the device. The arm signal also energizes the laser power supply and activates the acousto-optical deflector. When the correct fire format command is received, the acousto-optic deflector moves to the selected event channel, and the channel is verified to ensure the system is pointing to the correct position. Laser energy is transmitted through the fiber where an ignitor or detonator designed to be sensitive to optical pulses is fired at the end of the fiber channel. Simultaneous event channels may also be utilized by optically splitting a single event channel. The built-in-test may be performed anytime prior to ordnance ignition. 6 figures.
Fiber-Optic Sensing Technology
This article offers a basic review of fiber-optic sensing technology, or more specifically, fiber-optic sensing technology as applied to the qualitative or quantitative identification of a chemical sample, and how it works,
Milnes, M. [Westinghouse Savannah River Company, AIKEN, SC (United States); Baylor, L.C.; Bave, S.
Subsonic Tests of a Flush Air Data Sensing System Applied to a Fixed-Wing Micro Air Vehicle
Flush air data sensing (FADS) systems have been successfully tested on the nose tip of large manned/unmanned air vehicles. In this paper we investigate the application of a FADS system on the wing leading edge of a micro (unmanned) air vehicle (MAV) ... Keywords: Extended minimum resource allocating neural networks, Fault accommodation, Flush air data sensing systems, Micro (unmanned) air vehicle
Ihab Samy; Ian Postlethwaite; Dawei Gu
NFRC Procedures for Applied Films
Applied Films Applied Films Last update: 12/10/2013 07:29 PM NFRC now has a procedure for adding applied films to substrates in Optics5 and importing those applied film constructions into WINDOW5 to be used in a whole product calculation. The information presented below is provided to help simulators with this process. Feel free to contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com with questions or comments. NFRC Applied Film Procedure Applied Film Procedures (approved by NFRC) (PDF file) Approved Applied Film List (IGDB 33.0) (PDF file) NFRC Laminate Procedure Training Powerpoint with Examples (This Powerpoint presentation was used in the NFRC web based training sessions in December 2006 and January 2007) PowerPoint Presentation (PPT file) PowerPoint Presentation (PDF file) Help and Troubleshooting
Simulation and Analysis for Applying the Double-Stage Coupled Heat Pump System in the Villa of Cold Area
The conventional heating mode is a one-way circulation in cold areas, which causes abatement in the reserves of energy source and increases environmental pollution. An ecological cycle heating system, an air-to-water + apartment water-to-water double-stage coupled heat pump system, is presented in this paper based on analyzing the characteristics of the villa district heating. Prediction and analysis of the feasibility of the double-stage coupled heat pump system in cold areas were carried after the components and characteristics of the system are introduced. The lumped parameter method was used to establish a mathematical model of the whole system, and the system control methods and the volume of the heat storage tank were decided to get the best value of the heating seasonal performance factor (HSPF). Furthermore, the application of the double-stage coupled heat pump system in some representative cities of cold areas in China was analyzed. The results show that the novel heat pump system can be used for heating the villa district in cold areas. To make the HSPF of the system much better, the water circulations of the double-stage coupled heat pump system also were analyzed in this paper; some improvements are put forward, and single-double stages mixed heat pumps system for the villa districts heating are introduced.
Yang, L.; Yao, Y.; Ma, Z.
Applying the Inverse Average Magnitude Squared Coherence Index for Determining Order-Chaos Transition in a System Governed by H�non Mapping Dynamics
The quantitative determination of the order-chaos transition in a nonlinear dynamical system described by H�non mapping defined as x[n + 1] = 1.0 ? A ? x[n] 2 + B ? y[n],y[n + 1] = B ? x[n], where B = 0.3, and A is an adjustable control parameter, was made. This was achieved by applying the Inverse Average Magnitude-Squared Coherence Index (IAMSCI). This method is based on the Welch average periodogram technique and it has the advantage respect to nonlinear dynamical methods that it may be applied to any stationary signal by using discrete Fourier transform (DFT) representation which allows to operate on a short discrete-time series. Its effectiveness was demonstrated by comparing the results obtained by applying IAMSCI
Rub�n Orozco Morales
Fundamental Performance Determining Factors of the Ultrahigh-Precision Space-Borne Optical Metrology System for the LISA Pathfinder mission
The LISA Pathfinder mission to space employs an optical metrology system (OMS) at its core to measure the distance and attitude between two freely floating test-masses to picometer and nanorad accuracy, respectively, within the measurement band of [1 mHz, 30 mHz]. The OMS is based upon an ultra-stable optical bench with 4 heterodyne interferometers from which interference signals are read-out and processed by a digital phase-meter. Laser frequency noise, power fluctuations and optical path-length variations are suppressed to uncritical levels by dedicated control loops so that the measurement performance approaches the sensor limit imposed by the phase-meter. The system design is such that low frequency common mode noise which affects the read-out phase of all four interferometers is generally well suppressed by subtraction of a reference phase from the other interferometer signals. However, high frequency noise directly affects measurement performance and its common mode rejection depends strongly on the relative signal phases. We discuss how the data from recent test campaigns point towards high frequency phase noise as a likely performance limiting factor which explains some important performance features.
Gerald Hechenblaikner; Reinhold Flatscher
First results from the MIT optical rapid imaging system (MORIS) on the IRTF: A stellar occultation by Pluto and a transit by exoplanet XO-2b
We present a high-speed, visible-wavelength imaging instrument: MORIS (the MIT Optical Rapid Imaging System). MORIS is mounted on the 3 m Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Its primary component is ...
Gulbis, Amanda A. S.
Unique system of FE/PD for magneto-optical recording and magnetic switching devices
A high density magneto-optical information storage medium utilizing the properties of an ultrathin iron film on a palladium substrate. The present invention comprises a magneto-optical medium capable of thermal and magnetic stability and capable of possessing a vertical orientation of the magnetization vector for the magnetic material. Data storage relies on the temperature dependence of the coercivity of the ultrathin film. Data retrieval derives from the Kerr effect which describes the direction of rotation of a plane of polarized light traversing the ultrathin magnetic material as a function of the orientation of the magnetization vector.
Liu, Chian Q. (Hinsdale, IL); Bader, Samuel D. (Oak Park, IL)
A unique system of Fe/Pd for magneto-optical recording and magnetic switching devices
This invention is comprised of a high density magneto-optical information storage medium utilizing the properties of an ultrathin iron film on a palladium substrate. The present invention comprises a magneto-optical medium capable of thermal and magnetic stability and capable of possessing a vertical orientation of the magnetization vector for the magnetic material. Data storage relies on the temperature dependence of the coercivity of the ultrathin film. Data retrieval derives from the Kerr effect which describes the direction of rotation of a plane of polarized light traversing the ultrathin magnetic material as a function of the orientation of the magnetization vector.
Liu, Chian Q.; Bader, S.D.
Technical Readiness and Gaps Analysis of Commercial Optical Materials and Measurement Systems for Advanced Small Modular Reactors
This report intends to support Department of Energy�s Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) Nuclear Energy Research and Development Roadmap and industry stakeholders by evaluating optical-based instrumentation and control (I&C) concepts for advanced small modular reactor (AdvSMR) applications. These advanced designs will require innovative thinking in terms of engineering approaches, materials integration, and I&C concepts to realize their eventual viability and deployability. The primary goals of this report include: 1. Establish preliminary I&C needs, performance requirements, and possible gaps for AdvSMR designs based on best available published design data. 2. Document commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) optical sensors, components, and materials in terms of their technical readiness to support essential AdvSMR in-vessel I&C systems. 3. Identify technology gaps by comparing the in-vessel monitoring requirements and environmental constraints to COTS optical sensor and materials performance specifications. 4. Outline a future research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) program plan that addresses these gaps and develops optical-based I&C systems that enhance the viability of future AdvSMR designs. The development of clean, affordable, safe, and proliferation-resistant nuclear power is a key goal that is documented in the Nuclear Energy Research and Development Roadmap. This roadmap outlines RD&D activities intended to overcome technical, economic, and other barriers, which currently limit advances in nuclear energy. These activities will ensure that nuclear energy remains a viable component to this nation�s energy security.
Anheier, Norman C.; Suter, Jonathan D.; Qiao, Hong (Amy); Andersen, Eric S.; Berglin, Eric J.; Bliss, Mary; Cannon, Bret D.; Devanathan, Ramaswami; Mendoza, Albert; Sheen, David M.
Trust and multi-agent systems: applying the "diffuse, default model" of trust to experiments involving artificial agents
We argue that the notion of trust, as it figures in an ethical context, can be illuminated by examining research in artificial intelligence on multi-agent systems in which commitment and trust are modeled. We begin with an analysis of a philosophical ... Keywords: Artificial agents, Default trust, Diffuse trust, Multi-agent systems, Trust
Jeff Buechner; Herman T. Tavani
Reference modeling for higher education budgeting: applying the H2 toolset for conceptual modeling of performance-based funding systems
The Higher Education (HE) sector has gained remarkable economic importance worldwide. There is a huge amount of institutions competing in this dynamically evolving market. Emerging concepts like new public management advise to organize HE institutions ... Keywords: H2, budgeting, higher education (HE), incentive system, indicator system, information model, performance-based funding, reference modeling
Jan vom Brocke; Christian Buddendick; Alexander Simons
Impact of gbit/s fiber optic chip-to-chip interconnects on digital processing systems
Exploiting gbit/s photonic circuits and optical interconnect schemes for chip-to-chip communication promises to facilitate the development of large, highly parallel network computers that can solve computationally intensive tasks. The basic concept, potential applications, and key technological issues required to implement this approach are presented. 11 references.
Husain, A.
Program on Technology Innovation: Research Plan for Applying Visualization, Simulation, and Interactive Human System Interface Technologies to Sensor Information for Electric Power Industry Activities
This report presents a plan for a multi-year research program to identify, evaluate, and demonstrate visualization, simulation, and interactive human system interface (HSI) technologies to support electric power industry needs. The research program will include demonstrations and produce guidelines. These guidelines will aid not only in identifying and selecting electric power industry applications that are the most likely to provide benefits to the electric power industry from applying advances in visua...
Applying decision-oriented accounting principles for the simulation-based design of logistics systems in production
In this contribution, we focus on the configuration of logistics systems embedded into production processes. To evaluate the dynamic behavior of alternative configurations, Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) proofs helpful. Emphasis is typically put on ...
Niklas Labitzke; Thomas S. Spengler; Thomas Volling
System planning analysis applied to OTEC: initial cases by Florida Power Corporation. Task II report No. FC-5237-2
The objective of the task was to exercise the FPC system planning methodology on: (1) Base Case, 10 year generation expansion plan with coal plants providing base load expansion, and (2) same, but 400 MW of OTEC substituting for coal burning units with equal resultant system reliability. OTEC inputs were based on reasonable economic projections of direct capital cost and O and M costs for first-generation large commercial plants. OTEC inputs discussed in Section 2. The Base Case conditions for FPC system planning methodology involved base load coal fueled additions during the 1980's and early 1990's. The first trial runs of the PROMOD system planning model substituted OTEC for 400 MW purchases of coal generated power during 1988-1989 and then 400 MW coal capacity thereafter. Result showed higher system reliability than Base Case runs. Reruns with greater coal fueled capacity displacement showed that OTEC could substitute for 400 MW purchases in 1988-1989 and replace the 800 MW coal unit scheduled for 1990 to yield equivalent system reliability. However, a 1995 unit would need to be moved to 1994. Production costing computer model runs were used as input to Corporate Model to examine corporate financial impact. Present value of total revenue requirements were primary indication of relative competitiveness between Base Case and OTEC. Results show present value of total revenue requirements unfavorable to OTEC as compared to coal units. The disparity was in excess of the allowable range for possible consideration.
Thermo-mechanical analysis of ITER first mirrors and its use for the ITER equatorial visible/infrared wide angle viewing system optical design
ITER first mirrors (FMs), as the first components of most ITER optical diagnostics, will be exposed to high plasma radiation flux and neutron load. To reduce the FMs heating and optical surface deformation induced during ITER operation, the use of relevant materials and cooling system are foreseen. The calculations led on different materials and FMs designs and geometries (100 mm and 200 mm) show that the use of CuCrZr and TZM, and a complex integrated cooling system can limit efficiently the FMs heating and reduce their optical surface deformation under plasma radiation flux and neutron load. These investigations were used to evaluate, for the ITER equatorial port visible/infrared wide angle viewing system, the impact of the FMs properties change during operation on the instrument main optical performances. The results obtained are presented and discussed.
Joanny, M.; Salasca, S.; Dapena, M.; Cantone, B.; Travere, J. M. [CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance (France); Thellier, C.; Ferme, J. J. [THALES SESO, 13593 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 3 (France); Marot, L. [Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel (Switzerland); Buravand, O. [Institut d'Optique Graduate School, 91127 Palaiseau (France); Perrollaz, G. [AMETRA, 13770 Venelles (France); Zeile, C. [INR, KIT, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (Germany)
High Capacity High Speed Optical Data Storage System Based on Diffraction-Free Nanobeam. Final Report, 09-02-98 to 03-17-99
Physical Optics Corporation (POC) investigated the development of an optical data storage system built around a current well-engineered high-speed optical disk system with an innovative diffraction-free micro-optical element to produce a beam {approximately}250 nm wide with {approximately}4-5 mm depth of focus, allowing the system to address data at {approximately}100 Mbits/second and to store it 100 to 1,000 times more densely ({approximately}10 Gbit/in.{sup 2}) than in present systems. In Phase 1 of this project POC completed a thorough feasibility study by system design and analysis, successfully demonstrated fabrication of the key components, and conducted a proof-of-principle experimental demonstration. Specifically, production of a subwavelength ({approximately}380 nm) large depth of focus ({approximately}4-5 mm) addressing beam was demonstrated by fabricating a special microdiffractive optical element and recording this beam on a standard optical recording disk coated with a photopolymer material.
Tin Aye
Propagation of an arbitrary vortex pair through an astigmatic optical system and determination of its net topological charge
We embed a pair of vortices with different topological charges in a Gaussian beam and study its evolution through an astigmatic optical system, a tilted lens. The propagation dynamics is explained by a closed-form analytical expression. Furthermore, we show that a careful examination of the intensity distribution at a predicted position past the lens can provide us with the net charge present in the beam. To the best of our knowledge, our method is the first non-interferometric technique to measure the net charge of an arbitrary vortex pair. Our experimental results are in close agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Reddy, Salla Gangi; Aadhi, A; Banerji, J; Singh, R P
Evaluation of multi-attribute decision making systems applied during the concept design of new microplasma devices
Various multi-attribute decision making (MADM) systems can be implemented to narrow a field of new concept designs down to those with high likelihoods of surpassing state-of-the-art technologies. This research investigated the conceptual design phase ... Keywords: AHP, Concept design tools, Design process(es), Engineering design, GRA, MADM, Multi-attribute decision making, New product development, Pugh, QFD, UBAF
Elizabeth Lennon, John Farr, Ronald Besser
Optical switch
An optical switching device is provided whereby light from a first glass fiber or a second glass fiber may be selectively transmitted into a third glass fiber. Each glass fiber is provided with a focusing and collimating lens system. In one mode of operation, light from the first glass fiber is reflected by a planar mirror into the third glass fiber. In another mode of operation, light from the second glass fiber passes directly into the third glass fiber. The planar mirror is attached to a rotatable table which is rotated to provide the optical switching. 3 figs.
Reedy, R.P.
An optical switching device (10) is provided whereby light from a first glass fiber (16) or a second glass fiber (14) may be selectively transmitted into a third glass fiber (18). Each glass fiber is provided with a focusing and collimating lens system (26, 28, 30). In one mode of operation, light from the first glass fiber (16) is reflected by a planar mirror (36) into the third glass fiber (18). In another mode of operation, light from the second glass fiber (14) passes directly into the third glass fiber (18). The planar mirror (36) is attached to a rotatable table (32) which is rotated to provide the optical switching.
Reedy, Robert P. (Livermore, CA)
Optical and chemical properties of molten salt mixtures for use in high temperature power systems
A future, robust energy portfolio will include, together with fossil fuel technologies and nuclear systems, a mix of renewable energy systems. Within each type of system there will also be variants used to strengthen a ...
Passerini, Stefano
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (EERE)
Lessons Learned from the Lessons Learned from the Alternative Fuels Experience and How They Apply to the Development of a Hydrogen- Fueled Transportation System M. Melendez, K. Theis, and C. Johnson Technical Report NREL/TP-560-40753 August 2007 NREL is operated by Midwest Research Institute ● Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by Midwest Research Institute * Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 Technical Report NREL/TP-560-40753 August 2007 Lessons Learned from the Alternative Fuels Experience and How They Apply to the Development of a Hydrogen-
Instrumentation and Techniques Instrumentation and Techniques A bent Laue analyzer detection system for dilute fluorescence XAFS C. Karanfil, Z. Zhong, L.D. Chapman, R. Fischetti, C.U. Segre, B.A. Bunker, and G.B. Bunker A classical Hanbury Brown-Twiss experiment with hard x-rays E. Gluskin, E.E. Alp, I. McNulty, W. Sturhahn, and J. Sutter A fixed-angle double-mirror filter for producing a pink undulator beam at the Advanced Photon Source E. Dufresne, T. Sanchez, T. Nurushev, and S. Dierker A hard x-ray scanning microprobe for fluorescence imaging and microdiffraction at the Advanced Photon Source Z. Cai, B. Lai, P. Ilinski, D. Legnini, J. Maser, W. Yun, and W. Rodrigues A high-energy phase retarder for the simultaneous production of right- and left-handed circularly polarized x-rays C.T. Venkataraman, J.C. Lang, C.S. Nelson, G. Srajer, D.R. Haeffner, and
Vehicle Technologies Office: Applied Battery Research
Applied Battery Research Applied battery research addresses the barriers facing the lithium-ion systems that are closest to meeting the technical energy and power requirements for...
Mark Linne Dept. Applied Mechanics, Chalmers University, Gothenburg...
Optical and X-ray Measurements for Fuel Sprays Mark Linne Dept. Applied Mechanics, Chalmers University, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden This talk will describe measurement needs across...
Quantum theory of cold bosonic atoms in optical lattices
Ultracold atoms in optical lattices undergo a quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator as the lattice potential depth is increased. We describe an approximate theory of interacting bosons in optical lattices which provides a qualitative description of both superfluid and insulator states. The theory is based on a change of variables in which the boson coherent state amplitude is replaced by an effective potential which promotes phase coherence between different number states on each lattice site. It is illustrated here by applying it to uniform and fully frustrated lattice cases but is simple enough that it can be applied to spatially inhomogeneous lattice systems.
Tilahun, Dagim [Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 (United States); Department of Physics, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666 (United States); Duine, R. A. [Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Leuvenlaan 4, NL-3584 CE Utrecht (Netherlands); MacDonald, A. H. [Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 (United States)
Measurement on CO_2 Solution Density by Optical Technology
The optical technology based on Mach-Zehnder interferometry was successfully applied to a high-pressure liquid CO_2 and water system to measure CO_2 solution density. Experiments were carried out at a pressure range of from 5.0 to 12.5 MPa, temperatures ... Keywords: CO_2 ocean sequestration, CO_2 solution, Mach-Zehnder Interferometry, density
Y. Song; M. Nishio; B. Chen; S. Someya; T. Ohsumi
On-Board Imaging Validation of Optically Guided Stereotactic Radiosurgery Positioning System for Conventionally Fractionated Radiotherapy for Paranasal Sinus and Skull Base Cancer
Purpose: To evaluate the positioning accuracy of an optical positioning system for stereotactic radiosurgery in a pilot experience of optically guided, conventionally fractionated, radiotherapy for paranasal sinus and skull base tumors. Methods and Materials: Before each daily radiotherapy session, the positioning of 28 patients was set up using an optical positioning system. After this initial setup, the patients underwent standard on-board imaging that included daily orthogonal kilovoltage images and weekly cone beam computed tomography scans. Daily translational shifts were made after comparing the on-board images with the treatment planning computed tomography scans. These daily translational shifts represented the daily positional error in the optical tracking system and were recorded during the treatment course. For 13 patients treated with smaller fields, a three-degree of freedom (3DOF) head positioner was used for more accurate setup. Results: The mean positional error for the optically guided system in patients with and without the 3DOF head positioner was 1.4 {+-} 1.1 mm and 3.9 {+-} 1.6 mm, respectively (p <.0001). The mean positional error drifted 0.11 mm/wk upward during the treatment course for patients using the 3DOF head positioner (p = .057). No positional drift was observed in the patients without the 3DOF head positioner. Conclusion: Our initial clinical experience with optically guided head-and-neck fractionated radiotherapy was promising and demonstrated clinical feasibility. The optically guided setup was especially useful when used in conjunction with the 3DOF head positioner and when it was recalibrated to the shifts using the weekly portal images.
Maxim, Peter G.; Loo, Billy W.; Murphy, James D.; Chu, Karen P.M.; Hsu, Annie [Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (United States); Le, Quynh-Thu, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (United States)
Navigating without vision: Basic and applied research
ABSTRACT: We describe some of the results of our program of basic and applied research on navigating without vision. One basic research topic that we have studied extensively is path integration, a form of navigation in which perceived self-motion is integrated over time to obtain an estimate of current posilion and orientation. In experiments on pathway completion, one test of path integration ability, we have found that subjects who are passively guided over the outbound path without vision exhibit significant errors when attempting to return to the origin but are nevertheless sensitive to turns and segment lengths in the stimulus path. We have also found no major differences in path inlegration ability among blirid and sighted populations. A model we havc developed that attributes errors in path integration to errors in encoding the stimulus path is a good beginning toward understanding path integration performance. In otber research on path integration, in which optic flow information was manipulated in addition to the proprioceptive and vestibular information of nonvisual locomotion, we havc found that optic flow is a weak input to the path integration process. In other basic research, our studies of auditory distance perception in outdoor environments show systematic underestimation oC sound source distance. Our applied research has been concerned with developing and evaluating a navigation system for the visually impaired that uses three recent technologies: the Global Positioning System, Geographic Information Systems, and virtual acouslics. Our work shows that there is considerable promise of these three technologies in allowing visually impaired individuals to navigate and learn about unfamiliar environments without the assistance of human guides. (Optoni Vis Sci 2001;78:282-289)
Jack M. Loomis; Roberta L. Klatzky; Reginald G. Golledge
Installation, operation, and maintenance for the pyramidal optics solar system installed at Yacht Cove, Columbia, SC
Information is presented concerning the installation, operation, and maintenance of the pyramidal Solar System for space heating and domestic hot water. Included are such items as principles of operation, sequence of installation, and procedures for the operation and maintenance of each subsystem making up the solar system. Also included are trouble-shooting charts and maintenance schedules.
Applied research on energy storage and conversion for photovoltaic and wind energy systems. Volume II. Photovoltaic systems with energy storage. Final report
This volume of the General Electric study was directed at an evaluation of those energy storage technologies deemed best suited for use in conjunction with a photovoltaic energy conversion system in utility, residential and intermediate applications. Break-even cost goals are developed for several storage technologies in each application. These break-even costs are then compared with cost projections presented in Volume I of this report to show technologies and time frames of potential economic viability. The form of the presentation allows the reader to use more accurate storage system cost data as they become available. The report summarizes the investigations performed and presents the results, conclusions and recommendations pertaining to use of energy storage with photovoltaic energy conversion systems. Candidate storage concepts studied include (1) above ground and underground pumped hydro, (2) underground compressed air, (3) electric batteries, (4) flywheels, and (5) hydrogen production and storage. (WHK)
Applied research on energy storage and conversion for photovoltaic and wind energy systems. Volume III. Wind conversion systems with energy storage. Final report
The variability of energy output inherent in wind energy conversion systems (WECS) has led to the investigation of energy storage as a means of managing the available energy when immediate, direct use is not possible or desirable. This portion of the General Electric study was directed at an evaluation of those energy storage technologies deemed best suited for use in conjunction with a wind energy conversion system in utility, residential and intermediate applications. Break-even cost goals are developed for several storage technologies in each application. These break-even costs are then compared with cost projections presented in Volume I of this report to show technologies and time frames of potential economic viability. The report summarizes the investigations performed and presents the results, conclusions and recommendations pertaining to use of energy storage with wind energy conversion systems.
Optical Characterization Laboratory (Fact Sheet)
This fact sheet describes the purpose, lab specifications, applications scenarios, and information on how to partner with NREL's Optical Characterization Laboratory at the Energy Systems Integration Facility. The Optical Characterization Laboratory at NREL's Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) conducts optical characterization of large solar concentration devices. Concentration solar power (CSP) mirror panels and concentrating solar systems are tested with an emphasis is on measurement of parabolic trough mirror panels. The Optical Characterization Laboratory provides state-of-the-art characterization and testing capabilities for assessing the optical surface quality and optical performance for various CSP technologies including parabolic troughs, linear Fresnel, dishes, and heliostats.
Staged attitude-metrology pointing control and parametric integrated modeling for space-based optical systems
The quest for higher sensitivity and finer angular resolution in astronomy demands larger and more complex space imaging systems. This thesis presents the concepts developed for two different technologies that have the ...
Lim, Ryan S. (Ryan Seungwook)
Preliminary evaluation of two-element optical concentrators for use in solar photovoltaic systems
The objective of this program was: to evaluate for photovoltaic applications the use of the compound parabolic concentrator design as a field collector--in conjunction with a primary focusing concentrator. The primary focusing concentrator may be a parabolic reflector, an array of Fresnel mirrors, a Fresnel lens, or some other type; Select several candidate configurations of such compound systems (focusing concentrators/CPC field collectors); Perform an analytic evaluation of the technical performance of these systems; and identify the most promising configurations and perform a cost effectiveness study pertinent to coupling CPC concentrators to solar cells. (WDM)
Transformations between 2MASS, SDSS and BVRI photometric systems: bridging the near infrared and optical
We present colour transformations for the conversion of the {\\em 2MASS} photometric system to the Johnson-Cousins $UBVRI$ system and further into the {\\em SDSS} $ugriz$ system. We have taken {\\em SDSS} $gri$ magnitudes of stars measured with the 2.5-m telescope from $SDSS$ Data Release 5 (DR5), and $BVRI$ and $JHK_{s}$ magnitudes from Stetson's catalogue and \\citet{Cu03}, respectively. We matched thousands of stars in the three photometric systems by their coordinates and obtained a homogeneous sample of 825 stars by the following constraints, which are not used in previous transformations: 1) the data are de-reddened, 2) giants are omitted, and 3) the sample stars selected are of the highest quality. We give metallicity, population type, and transformations dependent on two colours. The transformations provide absolute magnitude and distance determinations which can be used in space density evaluations at short distances where some or all of the {\\em SDSS} $ugriz$ magnitudes are saturated. The combination of these densities with those evaluated at larger distances using {\\em SDSS} $ugriz$ photometry will supply accurate Galactic model parameters, particularly the local space densities for each population.
S. Bilir; S. Ak; S. Karaali; A. Cabrera-Lavers; T. S. Chonis; C. M. Gaskell
Ris-R-1262(EN) The Magneto Optical System at Ris
measured on the system is shown. Image correction and magnetic field to current density conversion for the field to critical current inversion of the MO images. Appendix B.11 on sample polishing and part ms. The overall purpose was to identify current paths with low critical current and improve the flux
A Small Portable Mie�Rayleigh Lidar System to Measure Aerosol Optical and Spatial Properties
The characteristics of a small, lightweight portable lidar system for measuring aerosol (Mie) scatter at wavelengths of 1064 and 532 nm are described. It uses a 20-Hz Nd:YAG pulsed laser as a source and a 12.7-cm-diameter telescope as a receiver. ...
J. N. Porter; B. R. Lienert; S. K. Sharma; H. W. Hubble
Optical flow using phase information for deblurring
This thesis presents a method for reconstructing motion-degraded images by using velocity information generated with a phase-based optical flow calculation. The optical flow method applies a set of frequency-tuned Gabor ...
Texin, Cheryl (Cheryl A.)
Fiber-Optic Defect and Damage Locator System for Wind Turbine Blades
IFOS in collaboration with Auburn University demonstrated the feasibility of a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) integrated sensor system capable of providing real time in-situ defect detection, localization and quantification of damage. In addition, the system is capable of validating wind turbine blade structural models, using recent advances in non-contact, non-destructive dynamic testing of composite structures. This new generation method makes it possible to analyze wind turbine blades not only non-destructively, but also without physically contacting or implanting intrusive electrical elements and transducers into the structure. Phase I successfully demonstrated the feasibility of the technology with the construction of a 1.5 kHz sensor interrogator and preliminary instrumentation and testing of both composite material coupons and a wind turbine blade.
Dr. Vahid Sotoudeh; Dr. Richard J. Black; Dr. Behzad Moslehi; Mr. Aleks Plavsic
Quantum optical waveform conversion
Currently proposed architectures for long-distance quantum communication rely on networks of quantum processors connected by optical communications channels [1,2]. The key resource for such networks is the entanglement of matter-based quantum systems with quantum optical fields for information transmission. The optical interaction bandwidth of these material systems is a tiny fraction of that available for optical communication, and the temporal shape of the quantum optical output pulse is often poorly suited for long-distance transmission. Here we demonstrate that nonlinear mixing of a quantum light pulse with a spectrally tailored classical field can compress the quantum pulse by more than a factor of 100 and flexibly reshape its temporal waveform, while preserving all quantum properties, including entanglement. Waveform conversion can be used with heralded arrays of quantum light emitters to enable quantum communication at the full data rate of optical telecommunications.
Kielpinski, D; Wiseman, HM
Estimation the Performance of Solar Fiber Optic Lighting System after Repairing the Glass Fiber Cables in a South Korean Residential Building
The solar fiber optic lighting system consists of the solar ray concentrating apparatus, the tracking control, lighting transmission and emission parts. This system was installed on a 20-storey apartment building in South Korea. Many residents had concerns about its long-term maintenance. The most common maintenance difficulties are sun tracking problems and damaged glass fiber cables. Sometimes fiber optic lighting systems should not be repaired with splices. Splicing glass fiber cables often results in decreased system efficiency and further cable damage. In this study, the cost of replacing the cables was prohibitive; hence, the drop in efficiency of the damaged cables was answered by repairing through splicing. These damaged cables were repaired by specially process of cutting and polishing. Results showed that the luminous intensity ratio improved by 0.391%, though this was still lower than the recommended guideline of 0.725%. Accordingly, on average 55% of luminous intensity was increased.
Cha, K. S.; Kim, T. K.; Park, M. S.
Optical methods and systems for detecting a constituent in a gas containing oxygen in harsh environments
A method for detecting a gas phase constituent such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen, or hydrocarbons in a gas comprising oxygen such as air, includes providing a sensing material or film having a metal embedded in a catalytically active matrix such as gold embedded in a yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) matrix. The method may include annealing the sensing material at about 900.degree. C., exposing the sensing material and gas to a temperature above 400.degree. C., projecting light onto the sensing material, and detecting a change in the absorption spectrum of the sensing material due to the exposure of the sensing material to the gas in air at the temperature which causes a chemical reaction in the sensing material compared to the absorption spectrum of the sensing material in the absence of the gas. Systems employing such a method are also disclosed.
Carpenter, Michael A. (Scotia, NY); Sirinakis, George (Bronx, NY)
A micro-mechanical system for medical procedures is constructed in the basic form of a catheter having a distal end for insertion into and manipulation within a body and a near end providing for a user to control the manipulation of the distal end within the body. A fiberoptic cable is disposed within the catheter and having a distal end proximate to the distal end of the catheter and a near end for external coupling of laser light energy. A microgripper is attached to the distal end of the catheter and providing for the gripping or releasing of an object within the body. A laser-light-to-mechanical-power converter is connected to receive laser light from the distal end of the fiberoptic cable and connected to mechanically actuate the microgripper.
Fitch, Joseph P. (Livermore, CA); Hagans, Karla (Livermore, CA); Clough, Robert (Danville, CA); Matthews, Dennis L. (Moss Beach, CA); Lee, Abraham P. (Walnut Creek, CA); Krulevitch, Peter A. (Los Altos, CA); Benett, William J. (Livermore, CA); Da Silva, Luiz (Danville, CA); Celliers, Peter M. (Berkeley, CA)
Spectra of optical parameters in bulk and film amorphous alloys of the Se{sub 95}As{sub 5} system containing samarium (Sm) impurities
Reflectance spectra of bulk and film amorphous alloys of the Se{sub 95}As{sub 5} system containing samarium (Sm) impurities are studied in the energy range of 1-6 eV. Spectral dependences of optical constants and derivatives of optical dielectric functions are calculated by the Kramers-Kronig method. Changes in spectra of optical parameters depending on the content of impurities introduced into Se{sub 95}As{sub 5} and conditions of their preparation are explained based on the cluster model. According to the latter, changes in the electron density of states depends on changes in atomic configurations in clusters, i.e., short-range order changes.
Djalilov, N. Z.; Damirov, G. M., E-mail: email@example.com [National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Institute of Physics (Azerbaijan)
Optical fuel pin scanner
An optical scanner for indicia arranged in a focal plane at a cylindrical outside surface by use of an optical system including a rotatable dove prism. The dove prism transmits a rotating image of an encircled cylindrical surface area to a stationary photodiode array.
Kirchner, Tommy L. (Richland, WA); Powers, Hurshal G. (Richland, WA)
Optical scanning apparatus
An optical scanner employed in a radioactive environment for reading indicia imprinted about a cylindrical surface of an article by means of an optical system including metallic reflective and mirror surfaces resistant to degradation and discoloration otherwise imparted to glass surfaces exposed to radiation is described.
Villarreal, R.A.
Thermalized polarization dynamics of a discrete optical waveguide system with four-wave mixing
Statistical mechanics of two coupled vector fields is studied in the tight-binding model that describes propagation of polarized light in discrete waveguides in the presence of the four-wave mixing. The energy and power conservation laws enable the formulation of the equilibrium properties of the polarization state in terms of the Gibbs measure with positive temperature. The transition line $T=\\infty$ is established beyond which the discrete vector solitons are created. Also in the limit of the large nonlinearity an analytical expression for the distribution of Stokes parameters is obtained which is found to be dependent only on the statistical properties of the initial polarization state and not on the strength of nonlinearity. The evolution of the system to the final equilibrium state is shown to pass through the intermediate stage when the energy exchange between the waveveguides is still negligible. The distribution of the Stokes parameters in this regime has a complex multimodal structure strongly dependent on the nonlinear coupling coefficients and the initial conditions.
S. A. Derevyanko
Structure of multiphoton quantum optics. II. Bipartite systems, physical processes, and heterodyne squeezed states
Extending the scheme developed for a single mode of the electromagnetic field in the preceding paper [F. Dell'Anno, S. De Siena, and F. Illuminati, Phys. Rev. A 69, 033812 (2004)], we introduce two-mode nonlinear canonical transformations depending on two heterodyne mixing angles. They are defined in terms of Hermitian nonlinear functions that realize heterodyne superpositions of conjugate quadratures of bipartite systems. The canonical transformations diagonalize a class of Hamiltonians describing nondegenerate and degenerate multiphoton processes. We determine the coherent states associated with the canonical transformations, which generalize the nondegenerate two-photon squeezed states. Such heterodyne multiphoton squeezed states are defined as the simultaneous eigenstates of the transformed, coupled annihilation operators. They are generated by nonlinear unitary evolutions acting on two-mode squeezed states. They are non-Gaussian, highly nonclassical, entangled states. For a quadratic nonlinearity the heterodyne multiphoton squeezed states define two-mode cubic phase states. The statistical properties of these states can be widely adjusted by tuning the heterodyne mixing angles, the phases of the nonlinear couplings, as well as the strength of the nonlinearity. For quadratic nonlinearity, we study the higher-order contributions to the susceptibility in nonlinear media and we suggest possible experimental realizations of multiphoton conversion processes generating the cubic-phase heterodyne squeezed states.
Dell'Anno, Fabio; De Siena, Silvio; Illuminati, Fabrizio [Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello', Universita di Salerno, INFM UdR di Salerno, INFN Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA (Italy)
Optical Radiation
*. Bookmark and Share. Optical Radiation Measurements. Fees for services are located directly below the technical contacts ...
New electrochromic mirror systems
New electrochromic mirror systems ... recorded using a fiber optic spectrometer (Ocean Optics). ... transmittance modulation of infrared light could lead
User's manual for DELSOL2: a computer code for calculating the optical performance and optimal system design for solar-thermal central-receiver plants
DELSOL2 is a revised and substantially extended version of the DELSOL computer program for calculating collector field performance and layout, and optimal system design for solar thermal central receiver plants. The code consists of a detailed model of the optical performance, a simpler model of the non-optical performance, an algorithm for field layout, and a searching algorithm to find the best system design. The latter two features are coupled to a cost model of central receiver components and an economic model for calculating energy costs. The code can handle flat, focused and/or canted heliostats, and external cylindrical, multi-aperture cavity, and flat plate receivers. The program optimizes the tower height, receiver size, field layout, heliostat spacings, and tower position at user specified power levels subject to flux limits on the receiver and land constraints for field layout. The advantages of speed and accuracy characteristic of Version I are maintained in DELSOL2.
Dellin, T.A.; Fish, M.J.; Yang, C.L.
Dynamic pixel selection in free-space photon-counting optical communication systems for the exploitation of excess channel capacity
Atmospheric turbulence in free-space optical communications turns signal demodulation and decoding into a multimode problem as wavefronts of the transmitting laser beams are warped spatially past the desired form of a ...
Chandrasekaran, Nivedita
A Multi-Chamber System for Analyzing the Outgassing, Deposition,and Associated Optical Degradation Properties of Materials in a Vacuum
We report on the Camera Materials Test Chamber, a multi-vessel apparatus which analyzes the outgassing consequences of candidate materials for use in the vacuum cryostat of a new telescope camera. The system measures the outgassing products and rates of samples of materials at different temperatures, and collects films of outgassing products to measure the effects on light transmission in six optical bands. The design of the apparatus minimizes potential measurement errors introduced by background contamination.
Singal, Jack; Schindler, Rafe; Chang, Chihway; Czodrowski, Patrick; Kim, Peter; /KIPAC, Menlo Park /SLAC /Stanford U.
Optical Military Systems Adaptive
turbulence in ground-based telescopes or to improve the spatial mode and power of lasers. More recently, Sandia has led the innovation of using adaptive elements, such as...
Applying geographic information systems to support strategic environmental assessment: Opportunities and limitations in the context of Irish land-use plans
The strengthening of spatial database infrastructures, further promoted by the INSPIRE Directive adopted in 2007, has led to an increased use of spatial data in planning and decision-making. Given that land-use plans are intrinsically spatial, such evidence and approaches can significantly benefit plan-making. A spatial framework could especially support the specific Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) aspects of the plan-making process. Spatial tools such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are particularly well-placed to support the environmental integration sought in SEA by providing evidence through the spatial assessment of multiple environmental datasets. Moreover, GIS bring the opportunity to augment conventional assessment techniques (e.g. matrix-based assessments) by acting as visual mediators of spatial knowledge and by providing an effective tool for the spatial and temporal analysis of environmental impacts. This paper presents a GIS-based approach to SEA (GISEA), and analyses the above premise by evaluating the barriers, limitations, opportunities and benefits of its implementation. The GISEA approach has been applied to seven development plans of differing scales in the Republic of Ireland. The results of the case studies revealed that current issues in SEA (e.g. restricted time-frames and institutional arrangements) condition the implementation of a GIS-based approach. Moreover, GIS expertise, data accessibility and quality remain limiting factors to an effective GIS application in SEA. However, the results also confirmed that GIS have the potential to increase the objectivity and accuracy of the assessment, enhance both the understanding of environmental and planning considerations and the delivery of information, and, therefore, help to improve the effectiveness of SEA practice.
Gonzalez, Ainhoa, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Environment and Planning, Dublin Institute of Technology, Zhivago Building, Bolton Street, Dublin 1 (Ireland); Gilmer, Alan, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Environment and Planning, Dublin Institute of Technology, Zhivago Building, Bolton Street, Dublin 1 (Ireland); Foley, Ronan, E-mail: email@example.com [National Centre for Geo-computation, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare (Ireland); Sweeney, John, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Geography, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare (Ireland); Fry, John, E-mail: email@example.com [School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 (Ireland)
Development of a cable reel development system using a rotary joint for kilometer lengths of two-fiber multi-mode fiber optic cable
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) recently developed a two-component system for use during remote inspections. The system consists of a mobile unit with television cameras and other equipment and a stationary base station. A variety of signals must be continually transmitted between the two system components as the mobile unit is moved from the location to another. Two channels of broadband (10MHz) NTSC video are transmitted from the mobile unit to the base station, and a bi-directional ``talk set`` provides audio communication between personnel at each location. In addition, several channels of RS-232 are required to support present and future instruments used at the mobile unit and controlled by personnel at the base station. Brookhaven developed a mobile unit which communicated with a base station over a 2-fiber multimode fiber optic cable. One of the design requirements was maintaining constant communication with the base station during the time the mobile unit was moved about. To provide uninterrupted communications, deployment of the 1-km long fiber optic cable was initially performed with a ``spinning reel`` mechanism. The spinning reel mechanism proved to be mechanically unsuitable, and so the cable deployment mechanism was redesigned to spool the cable off the reel. The requirement for uninterrupted communications required a two-channel fiber optic rotary joint in the design. Incorporation of the rotary joint into the design is described, and appropriate reference material is included.
Curtiss, J.A.; Jahelka, J.R.
Applied Quantum Information Science
Applied Quantum Information Science. Summary: Theory is being developed and used to devise methods for preserving ...
Optical keyboard
An optical keyboard includes an optical panel having optical waveguides stacked together. First ends of the waveguides define an inlet face, and opposite ends thereof define a screen. A projector transmits a light beam outbound through the waveguides for display on the screen as a keyboard image. A light sensor is optically aligned with the inlet face for sensing an inbound light beam channeled through the waveguides from the screen upon covering one key of the keyboard image.
Veligdan, James T. (Manorville, NY); Feichtner, John D. (Fiddletown, CA); Phillips, Thomas E. (San Diego, CA)
Present Status of the Nanotomography System at BL47XU at SPring-8 and Its Efficiency Improvement Using Double-Condenser Optics
Although imaging x-ray nanotomography developed at beamline BL47XU of SPring-8 has reached a spatial resolution less than 200 nm, poor intensity and low signal-to-noise ratio are more serious problems in the system using zone plate optics. Improvement of the diffraction efficiency of Koehler illumination optics is attempted by doubling two condenser zone plates, which have a constant grating pitch of 200 nm. Although a long longitudinal distance between two condensers is possible ({approx}100 mm), efficiency varies periodically as the distance is changed due to the Talbot effect. A maximum efficiency close to 0.3 is obtained with a periodic distance of approximately 500 {mu}m.
Takeuchi, A.; Suzuki, Y.; Uesugi, K. [Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8 (Japan)
Magneto-optical oxide thin films and integrated nonreciprocal photonic devices
Nonreciprocal photonic devices including optical isolators and optical circulators are indispensible components in present day optical communication systems. Although highly desired by the fast development of silicon ...
Bi, Lei, Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Parallel signal processing for optical satellite detection
An optical satellite detection system can provide a high scan coverage rate if the telescope is scanning the sky continuously, rather than stepping and staring. In the imc signal processor, a high throughput rate has been achieved by dividing the focal plane imaging into five fields-of-view, processing these in a parallel signal processing architecture, and detecting satellites on a several-lines basis rather than waiting for frame-to-frame comparisons. The concepts developed can be applied to a more general detection problem. The signal processing considerations and processor algorithms are discussed. The processor hardware is described, laboratory results are given, and future plans described. 2 references.
Mayer, G.J.; Macdonald, M.J.
Silicon fiber optic sensors
A Fabry-Perot cavity is formed by a partially or wholly reflective surface on the free end of an integrated elongate channel or an integrated bounding wall of a chip of a wafer and a partially reflective surface on the end of the optical fiber. Such a constructed device can be utilized to detect one or more physical parameters, such as, for example, strain, through the optical fiber using an optical detection system to provide measuring accuracies of less than aboutb0.1%.
Pocha, Michael D. (Livermore, CA); Swierkowski, Steve P. (Livermore, CA); Wood, Billy E. (Livermore, CA)
Thin display optical projector
An optical system (20) projects light into a planar optical display (10). The display includes laminated optical waveguides (12) defining an inlet face (14) at one end and an outlet screen (16) at an opposite end. A first mirror (26) collimates light from a light source (18) along a first axis, and distributes the light along a second axis. A second mirror (28) collimates the light from the first mirror along the second axis to illuminate the inlet face and produce an image on the screen.
Veligdan, James T. (Manorville, NY)
Electrically Distributed Optically Pumped Laser Spark Plug and...
Distributed Optically Pumped Laser Spark Plug and Ignition System Opportunity Research is active on the patent-pending technology, titled "Electrically Distributed Optically Pumped...
Optical engineering
The Optical Engineering thrust area at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) was created in the summer of 1996 with the following main objectives: (1) to foster and stimulate leading edge optical engineering research and efforts key to carrying out LLNL's mission and enabling major new programs; (2) to bring together LLNL's broad spectrum of high level optical engineering expertise to support its programs. Optical engineering has become a pervasive and key discipline, with applications across an extremely wide range of technologies, spanning the initial conception through the engineering refinements to enhance revolutionary application. It overlaps other technologies and LLNL engineering thrust areas.
Saito, T T
Applying technology strategy with enterprise architecting : a case study in transformation planning for integrating Unmanned Aircraft Systems into the National Airspace
The research presented in this thesis combines Enterprise Architecture and Technology Strategy for analyzing, evaluating, and recommending appropriate solutions for integrating Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) into the ...
Richardson, Kristina L. (Kristina Lynn)
Ris-R-1505(EN) Optics and Plasma Research
Risø-R-1505(EN) Optics and Plasma Research Department Annual Progress Report for 2004 Edited by H March 2005 #12;Abstract The Optics and Plasma Research Department performs basic and applied research
SOUTHVIEWDR Center for Applied
/Geology Chemistry Biological Sciences Geology Lab Bookstore Reed Milledge Payne Memorial Hall SANFORD DR Center CAES Activity Center Visitors Center (Four Towers) Greenhouses Center for Applied Isotope Study
Hall, Daniel
Optical Synchrotron Radiation Beam Imaging with a Digital Mask
We have applied a new imaging/optical masking technique, which employs a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) and optical synchrotron radiation (OSR), to perform high dynamic range (DR) beam imaging at the JLAB Energy Recovery Linac and the SLAC/SPEAR3 Synchrotron Light Source. The OSR from the beam is first focused onto the DMD to produce a primary image; selected areas of this image are spatially filtered by controlling the state of individual micro-mirrors; and finally, the filtered image is refocused onto a CCD camera. At JLAB this technique has been used successfully to view the beam halo with a DR ~ 105. At SPEAR3 the DMD was used to filter out the bright core of the stored beam to study the turn-by-turn dynamics of the 10-3 weaker injected beam. We describe the optical performance, present limitations and our plans to improve the DR of both experimental systems.
Fiorito, R B; Zhang, H D; Corbett, W J; Fisher, A S; Mok, W Y; Tian, K; Douglas, D; Wilson, F G; Zhang, S
Hand-held optical fuel pin scanner
An optical scanner for indicia arranged in a focal plane perpendicular to an optical system including a rotatable dove prism. The dove prism transmits a rotating image to a stationary photodiode array.
Kirchner, T.L.; Powers, H.G.
Applied Energy Programs
Applied Energy Programs Applied Energy Programs Applied Energy Programs Los Alamos is using its world-class scientific capabilities to enhance national energy security by developing energy sources with limited environmental impact and by improving the efficiency and reliability of the energy infrastructure. CONTACT US Acting Program Director Melissa Fox (505) 663-5538 Email Applied Energy Program Office serves as the hub connecting the Laboratory's scientific and technical resources to DOE sponsors, DoD programs, and to industry. The Applied Energy Program Office manages Los Alamos National Laboratory programs funded by the Department of Energy's (DOE's) Offices of Energy Efficiency/Renewable Energy, Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, and Fossil Energy. With energy use increasing across the nation and the
Femtosecond Frequency Combs for Optical Clocks and Timing Transfer
and optical, through 10-km-scale optical fiber links. Actively stabilizing the optical phase delay of such a fiber link, we are able to transfer a cw optical frequency standard with a transfer instability of 6 of the optical system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 4.4 Comparison of results
Ye, Jun
Applications of fiber optics in physical protection
The purpose of this NUREG is to provide technical information useful for the development of fiber-optic communications and intrusion detection subsystems relevant to physical protection. There are major sections on fiber-optic technology and applications. Other topics include fiber-optic system components and systems engineering. This document also contains a glossary, a list of standards and specifications, and a list of fiber-optic equipment vendors.
Buckle, T.H. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Optical access port
A 0.025 m diameter optical access port system is provided for a high-pressure (20.4 bars) and high-temperature (538{degrees}C) fixed-bed coal gasification process stream. A pair of proximal channels lead into the pipe containing the process stream with the proximal channels disposed on opposite sides of the pipe and coaxial. A pair of ball valves are attached to respective ends of proximal channels for fluidly closing the respective channels in a closed position and for providing a fluid and optical aperture in an open position. A pair of distal channels are connected to respective ball valves. These distal channels are also coaxial with each other and with the proximal channels. Each distal channel includes an optical window disposed therein and associated sealing gaskets. A purge gas is introduced into each distal channel adjacent a respective optical window. The purge gas is heated by a heater before entry into the distal channels. Preferably the optical windows are made of fused silica and the seals are Grafoil gaskets which are pressed against the optical window. 3 figs.
Lutz, S.A.; Anderson, R.J.
NIST Optical Radiation Group
Optical Radiation Group. Welcome. The Optical Radiation Group maintains, improves, and disseminates the national scales ...
Essays in applied microeconomics
This dissertation consists of three chapters on topics in applied microeconomics. In the first chapter. I investigate whether voters are more likely to support additional spending on local public services when they perceive ...
Aron-Dine, Aviva
Stopping Light All-Optically
We show that light pulses can be stopped and stored all-optically, with a process that involves an adiabatic and reversible pulse bandwidth compression occurring entirely in the optical domain. Such a process overcomes the fundamental bandwidth-delay constraint in optics, and can generate arbitrarily small group velocities for light pulses with a given bandwidth, without the use of any coherent or resonant light-matter interactions. We exhibit this process in optical resonator systems, where the pulse bandwidth compression is accomplished only by small refractive index modulations performed at moderate speeds. (Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett. Submitted on Sept. 10th 2003)
Mehmet Fatih Yanik; Shanhui Fan
Applying Information From Analogue Systems to the Evaluation of Radioactive Waste Repositories: Proceedings of the EPRI Natural Analogues Workshop - Palo Alto, California - October 9-10, 2003
Natural analogue studies involve investigations of geological, archaeological, or industrial systems that bear some similarity to material components or processes related to a repository or its surrounding environment. Since the initiation of natural analogue studies in the 1970s, their number has grown and their use has matured to become a common and important supporting activity in evaluating the safety of radioactive waste storage or disposal. This report documents the proceedings of EPRI's Natural An...
Applied Mathematics | Argonne National Laboratory
Applied Mathematics Applied Mathematics Our work in applied mathematics ranges from algorithm design, to development of software tools and technology, to advanced simulations in...
Kinoform optics applied to X-ray photon correlation specroscopy
Moderate-demagnification higher-order silicon kinoform focusing lenses have been fabricated to facilitate small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) experiments. The geometric properties of such lenses, their focusing performance and their applicability for XPCS measurements are described. It is concluded that one-dimensional vertical X-ray focusing via silicon kinoform lenses significantly increases the usable coherent flux from third-generation storage-ring light sources for small-angle XPCS experiments.
Sandy, A.R.; Evans-Lutterodt, K.; Narayanan, S.; Sprung, M.; Su, J.D; Isakovic, A.F.; Stein, A.
Transmission Characteristics Evaluation Under Bad Weather Conditions in Optical Wireless Links with Different Optical Transmission Windows
Optical wireless links offer gigabit per second data rates and low system complexity. For ground space and or terrestrial communication systems, these links suffer from atmospheric loss mainly due to fog, scintillation and precipitation. Optical Wireless ... Keywords: Bad weather effects, Empirical model, Rain Attenuation, Rain Scattering, Specific attenuation, Visibility, Wireless Optics (WOs)
Ahmed Nabih Rashed; Mohamed M. El-Halawany
Printed Optics: 3D Printing of Embedded Optical Elements for Interactive Devices
., and Takada, Y. Ficon: A tangible display device for tabletop system using optical fiber. In ITS '11, ACM that the design of optical systems for interactive devices can be greatly enhanced. We present the following of individual parts and the manual labor required for assembly. Optical fiber bun- dles, that are typically made
Poupyrev, Ivan
Design strategies for optically-accessible, high-temperature, high-pressure reactor
The authors have developed two optical cell designs for high-pressure and high-temperature fluid research: one for flow systems, and the other for larger batch systems. The flow system design uses spring washers to balance the unequal thermal expansions of the reactor and the window materials. A typical design calculation is presented showing the relationship between system pressure, operating temperature, and torque applied to the window-retaining nut. The second design employs a different strategy more appropriate for larger windows. This design uses two seals: one for the window that benefits from system pressure, and a second one that relies on knife-edge, metal-to-metal contact.
S. F. Rice; R. R. Steeper; C. A. LaJeunesse; R. G. Hanush; J. D. Aiken
Design Strategies for Optically-Accessible, High-Temperature, High-Pressure Reactor
Cavity-enhanced absorption for optical refrigeration
A 20-fold increase over the single path optical absorption is demonstrated with a low loss medium placed in a resonant cavity. This has been applied to laser cooling of Yb:ZBLAN glass resulting in 90% absorption of the incident pump light. A coupled-cavity scheme to achieve active optical impedance matching is analyzed.
Seletskiy, Denis V; Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor
Full spectrum optical safeguard
An optical safeguard device with two linear variable Fabry-Perot filters aligned relative to a light source with at least one of the filters having a nonlinear dielectric constant material such that, when a light source produces a sufficiently high intensity light, the light alters the characteristics of the nonlinear dielectric constant material to reduce the intensity of light impacting a connected optical sensor. The device can be incorporated into an imaging system on a moving platform, such as an aircraft or satellite.
Ackerman, Mark R. (Albuquerque, NM)
Micro benchtop optics by bulk silicon micromachining
Micromachining of bulk silicon utilizing the parallel etching characteristics of bulk silicon and integrating the parallel etch planes of silicon with silicon wafer bonding and impurity doping, enables the fabrication of on-chip optics with in situ aligned etched grooves for optical fibers, micro-lenses, photodiodes, and laser diodes. Other optical components that can be microfabricated and integrated include semi-transparent beam splitters, micro-optical scanners, pinholes, optical gratings, micro-optical filters, etc. Micromachining of bulk silicon utilizing the parallel etching characteristics thereof can be utilized to develop miniaturization of bio-instrumentation such as wavelength monitoring by fluorescence spectrometers, and other miniaturized optical systems such as Fabry-Perot interferometry for filtering of wavelengths, tunable cavity lasers, micro-holography modules, and wavelength splitters for optical communication systems.
Lee, Abraham P. (Walnut Creek, CA); Pocha, Michael D. (Livermore, CA); McConaghy, Charles F. (Livermore, CA); Deri, Robert J. (Pleasanton, CA)
Optical Materials
Oct 30, 2013... 1Fraunhofer Center for Silicon Photovoltaics CSP; 2Centre for Innovation Competence SiLi-nano�; 3South Westphalia University of Applied�...
Optical memory
Optical memory comprising: a semiconductor wire, a first electrode, a second electrode, a light source, a means for producing a first voltage at the first electrode, a means for producing a second voltage at the second electrode, and a means for determining the presence of an electrical voltage across the first electrode and the second electrode exceeding a predefined voltage. The first voltage, preferably less than 0 volts, different from said second voltage. The semiconductor wire is optically transparent and has a bandgap less than the energy produced by the light source. The light source is optically connected to the semiconductor wire. The first electrode and the second electrode are electrically insulated from each other and said semiconductor wire.
Mao, Samuel S; Zhang, Yanfeng
Fiber optic hydrogen sensor
Apparatus and method for detecting a chemical substance by exposing an optic fiber having a core and a cladding to the chemical substance so that the chemical substance can be adsorbed onto the surface of the cladding. The optic fiber is coiled inside a container having a pair of valves for controlling the entrance and exit of the substance. Light from a light source is received by one end of the optic fiber, preferably external to the container, and carried by the core of the fiber. Adsorbed substance changes the transmissivity of the fiber as measured by a spectrophotometer at the other end, also preferably external to the container. Hydrogen is detected by the absorption of infrared light carried by an optic fiber with a silica cladding. Since the adsorption is reversible, a sensor according to the present invention can be used repeatedly. Multiple positions in a process system can be monitored using a single container that can be connected to each location to be monitored so that a sample can be obtained for measurement, or, alternatively, containers can be placed near each position and the optic fibers carrying the partially-absorbed light can be multiplexed for rapid sequential reading, by a single spectrophotometer.
Buchanan, B.R.; Prather, W.S.
Sandia National Laboratories Fluid Interface Position Optical ...
The fiber optic technology of this Sandia ... absorbed light in the system and calculate the position of the interface between opaque and clear ...
Optics for Next Generation Synchrotron Sources
synchrotron equipment including; High Precision Slits, Optical Tables, Lead Shielded Beam Pipes, Micro Ion Chambers, Split Two Axis Ion Chambers, Mirror Systems, Monochromators,...
Optical sensing based on wavelength modulation spectroscopy
Techniques, apparatus and systems for using Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy measurements to optically monitor gas media such as gases in gas combustion chambers.
Buckley, Steven G. (Redmond, WA); Gharavi, Mohammadreza (Tehran, IR); Borchers; Marco (Berlin, DE)
Optical Backscatter Probe for Sensing Particulate Matter
By supplying light from the fiber optic probe into specific engine locations, ... systems to optimize engine performance � On-board diagnostics required by regulatory
Development of an Integrated Multi-Contaminant Removal Process Applied to Warm Syngas Cleanup for Coal-Based Advanced Gasification Systems
This project met the objective to further the development of an integrated multi-contaminant removal process in which H2S, NH3, HCl and heavy metals including Hg, As, Se and Cd present in the coal-derived syngas can be removed to specified levels in a single/integrated process step. The process supports the mission and goals of the Department of Energy�??s Gasification Technologies Program, namely to enhance the performance of gasification systems, thus enabling U.S. industry to improve the competitiveness of gasification-based processes. The gasification program will reduce equipment costs, improve process environmental performance, and increase process reliability and flexibility. Two sulfur conversion concepts were tested in the laboratory under this project, i.e., the solventbased, high-pressure University of California Sulfur Recovery Process �?? High Pressure (UCSRP-HP) and the catalytic-based, direct oxidation (DO) section of the CrystaSulf-DO process. Each process required a polishing unit to meet the ultra-clean sulfur content goals of <50 ppbv (parts per billion by volume) as may be necessary for fuel cells or chemical production applications. UCSRP-HP was also tested for the removal of trace, non-sulfur contaminants, including ammonia, hydrogen chloride, and heavy metals. A bench-scale unit was commissioned and limited testing was performed with simulated syngas. Aspen-Plus®-based computer simulation models were prepared and the economics of the UCSRP-HP and CrystaSulf-DO processes were evaluated for a nominal 500 MWe, coal-based, IGCC power plant with carbon capture. This report covers the progress on the UCSRP-HP technology development and the CrystaSulf-DO technology.
Howard Meyer
ATP-Funded Optics Technology Produces Large Energy ...
1.B.8: ATP-Funded Optics Technology Produces Large Energy Savings in Petroleum Refineries and Distribution Systems, ...
Few-photon optical diode
We propose a novel scheme of realizing an optical diode at the few-photon level. The system consists of a one-dimensional waveguide coupled asymmetrically to a two-level system. The two or multi-photon transport in this system is strongly correlated. We derive exactly the single and two-photon current and show that the two-photon current is asymmetric for the asymmetric coupling. Thus the system serves as an optical diode which allows transmission of photons in one direction much more efficiently than the opposite.
Roy, Dibyendu
AquaOptical: a lightweight device for high-rate long-range underwater point-to-point communication
This paper describes AquaOptical, an underwater optical communication system. Three optical modems have been developed: a long range system, a short range system, and a hybrid. We describe their hardware and software ...
Doniec, Marek Wojciech
of a data acquisition assembly that takes advantage of the optical fiber and network communication systems Optical Oceanography Group, with sensors mounted on their "Slowdrop" profiling system. Two separate ac-9's vehicle configuration and optical sensor acquisition system has been successfully tested on a recent
Sosik, Heidi
BIMA Memoranda Series Report from First Hat Creek Fiber-Optic Test
-mode fibers.* * On Sept. 20, the fiber-optic link was disassembled and the normal system restored. 2 system. 2.2 Fiber-Optic Cable Two 100-m lengths of fiber-optic cable were used in the experiments. 5 #12; A Fiber-Optic Upgrade of the BIMA Array In light of the success of the fiber-optic link
On optical communications networks and wideband network architecture
The optical networks of today are just beginning to realize their abilities to carry a tremendous amount of information in the forms of voice, data and video signals on a single optical fiber. However, many challenges lay ahead as designers and system ... Keywords: Optical networks, Wave division multiplexing and optical switching, Wideband network architecture
K Makki; J Broussard; N Pissinou
Optical Sensor Technology Development and Deployment
The objectives of this ESP (Enhanced Surveillance) project are to evaluate sensor performance for future aging studies of materials, components and weapon systems. The goal of this project is to provide analysis capability to experimentally identify and characterize the aging mechanisms and kinetics of Core Stack Assembly (CSA) materials. The work on fiber optic light sources, hermetic sealing of fiber optics, fiber optic hydrogen sensors, and detection systems will be discussed.
B. G. Parker
Optical transcutaneous bilirubin detector
This invention consists of a transcutaneous bilirubin detector comprising a source of light having spectral components absorbable and not absorbable by bilirubin, a handle assembly, electronic circuitry and a fiber optic bundle connecting the assembly to the light source and circuitry. Inside the assembly is a prism that receives the light from one end of the fiber optic bundle and directs it onto the skin and directs the reflected light back into the bundle. The other end of the bundle is trifucated, with one end going to the light source and the other two ends going to circuitry that determines how much light of each kind has been reflected. A relatively greater amount absorbed by the skin from the portion of the spectrum absorbable by bilirubin may indicate the presence of the illness. Preferably, two measurements are made, one on the kneecap and one on the forehead, and compared to determine the presence of bilirubin. To reduce the impact of light absorption by hemoglobin in the blood carried by the skin, pressure is applied with a plunger and spring in the handle assembly, the pressure limited by points of a button slidably carried in the assembly that are perceived by touch when the pressure applied is sufficient.
Kronberg, J.W.
Virtual Optical Comparator
The Virtual Optical Comparator, VOC, was conceived as a result of the limitations of conventional optical comparators and vision systems. Piece part designs for mechanisms have started to include precision features on the face of parts that must be viewed using a reflected image rather than a profile shadow. The VOC concept uses a computer generated overlay and a digital camera to measure features on a video screen. The advantage of this system is superior edge detection compared to traditional systems. No vinyl charts are procured or inspected. The part size and expensive fixtures are no longer a concern because of the range of the X-Y table of the Virtual Optical Comparator. Product redesigns require only changes to the CAD image overlays; new vinyl charts are not required. The inspection process is more ergonomic by allowing the operator to view the part sitting at a desk rather than standing over a 30 inch screen. The procurement cost for the VOC will be less than a traditional comparator with a much smaller footprint with less maintenance and energy requirements.
Thompson, Greg
Thin-film optical initiator
A thin-film optical initiator having an inert, transparent substrate, a reactive thin film, which can be either an explosive or a pyrotechnic, and a reflective thin film. The resultant thin-film optical initiator system also comprises a fiber-optic cable connected to a low-energy laser source, an output charge, and an initiator housing. The reactive thin film, which may contain very thin embedded layers or be a co-deposit of a light-absorbing material such as carbon, absorbs the incident laser light, is volumetrically heated, and explodes against the output charge, imparting about 5 to 20 times more energy than in the incident laser pulse.
Erickson, Kenneth L. (Albuquerque, NM)
April 15, 1993 / Vol. 18, No. 8 / OPTICS LETTERS 565 Confocal microscopy through a fiber-optic imaging bundle
). In the system of Fig. 1, one end of a fiber-optic imaging bundle is placed at the focal plane of lens LiApril 15, 1993 / Vol. 18, No. 8 / OPTICS LETTERS 565 Confocal microscopy through a fiber-optic microscope with a fiber-optic imaging bundle is presented, and experimental results are shown todemonstrate
Gmitro, Arthur F.
All-optical reversible logic gate via adiabatic population transfer
The Toffoli gate is an essential logic element, which permits implementation of a reversible processor. It is of relevance both for classical as well as quantum logics. We propose and theoretically study all-optical implementations of three-bit and four-bit Toffoli gates by application of adiabatic population transfer techniques. For a three-bit Toffoli gate we use variants of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) processes in a $\\Lambda$-type level scheme, driven by two laser pulses at sufficiently large detunings. For the implementation of a four-bit Toffoli gate, we apply reversible adiabatic population transfer in five-level quantum systems, interacting with three laser pulses. We demonstrate correct all-optical implementation of the truth table of three-bit and four-bit Toffoli gates. Moreover, we derive conditions for adiabatic evolution of the population dynamics and robust operation of the gates.
G. Grigoryan; V. Chaltykyan; E. Gazazyan; O. Tikhova; T. Halfmann
Quantum Optical Version of Classical Optical Transformations and Beyond
By the newly developed technique of integration within an ordered product (IWOP) of operators, we explore quantum optical version of classical optical transformations such as optical Fresnel transform, Hankel transform, fractional Fourier transform, Wigner transform, wavelet transform and Fresnel-Hadmard combinatorial transform etc. In this way one may gain benefit for developing classical optics theory from the research in quantum optics, or vice-versa. We can not only find some new quantum mechanical unitary operators which correspond to the known optical transformations, deriving a new theorem for calculating quantum tomogram of density operators, but also can reveal some new classical optical transformations. We derive GFO's normal product form and its canonical coherent state representation and find that GFO is the loyal representation of symplectic group multiplication rule. We show that GFT is just the transformation matrix element of GFO in the coordinate representation such that two successive GFTs is still a GFT. The ABCD rule of the Gaussian beam propagation is directly demonstrated in the context of quantum optics. Especially, the introduction of quantum mechanical entangled state representations opens up a new area to finding new classical optical transformations. The complex wavelet transform and the condition of mother wavelet are studied in the context of quantum optics too. Throughout our discussions, the coherent state, the entangled state representation of the two-mode squeezing operators and the IWOP technique are fully used. All these confirms Dirac's assertion: " ... for a quantum dynamic system that has a classical analogue, unitary transformation in the quantum theory is the analogue of contact transformation in the classical theory".
Hong-yi Fan; Li-yun Hu
Light diffusing fiber optic chamber
A light diffusion system for transmitting light to a target area. The light is transmitted in a direction from a proximal end to a distal end by an optical fiber. A diffusing chamber is operatively connected to the optical fiber for transmitting the light from the proximal end to the distal end and transmitting said light to said target area. A plug is operatively connected to the diffusing chamber for increasing the light that is transmitted to the target area.
Maitland, Duncan J. (Lafayette, CA)
Applied antineutrino physics workshop.
This workshop is the fourth one of a series that includes the Neutrino Geophysics Conference at Honolulu, Hawaii, which I attended in 2005. This workshop was organized by the Astro-Particle and Cosmology laboratory in the recently opened Condoret building of the University of Paris. More information, including copies of the presentations, on the workshop is available on the website: www.apc.univ-paris7.fr/AAP2007/. The workshop aims at opening neutrino physics to various fields such that it can be applied in geosciences, nuclear industry (reactor and spent fuel monitoring) and non-proliferation. The workshop was attended by over 60 people from Europe, USA, Asia and Brazil. The meeting was also attended by representatives of the Comprehensive nuclear-Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The workshop also included a workshop dinner on board of a river boat sailing the Seine river.
Lund, James C.
Optical bistability in artificial composite nanoscale molecules: Towards all optical processing at the nanoscale
Optical response of artificial composite nanoscale molecules comprising a closely spaced noble metal nanoparticle and a semiconductor quantum dot have been studied theoretically. We consider a system composed of an Au particle and CdSe or CdSe/ZnSe quantum dot and predict optical bistability and hysteresis in its response, which suggests various applications, in particular, all-optical processing and optical memory.
A. V. Malyshev; V. A. Malyshev
Applied and Computational Mathematics Division
Applied and Computational Mathematics Division. Topic Areas. Mathematics; Scientific Computing; Visualization; Quantum Computing. ...
Video Scanning Hartmann Optical Testing of State-of-the-Art Parabolic Trough Concentrators: Preprint
This paper describes the Video Scanning Hartmann Optical Test System (VSHOT) used to optically test parabolic trough designs by both Solargenix and Industrial Solar Technology.
Wendelin, T.; May, K.; Gee, R.
Final Report: Deconvolution of Adaptive Optics Images of Titan, Neptune, and Uranus
This project involved images of Titan, Neptune, and Uranus obtained using the 10-meter W.M. Keck II Telescope and its adaptive optics system. An adaptive optics system corrects for turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere by sampling the wavefront and applying a correction based on the distortion measured for a known source within the same isoplanatic patch as the science target (for example, a point source such as a star). Adaptive optics can achieve a 10-fold increase in resolution over that obtained by images without adaptive optics (for example, Saturn's largest moon Titan is unresolved without adaptive optics but at least 10 resolution elements can be obtained across the disk in Keck adaptive optics images). The adaptive optics correction for atmospheric turbulence is not perfect; a point source is converted to a diffraction-limited core surrounded by a ''halo''. This halo is roughly the size and shape of the uncorrected point spread function one would observe without adaptive optics. In order to enhance the sharpness of the Keck images it is necessary to apply a deconvolution algorithm to the data. Many such deconvolution algorithms exist such as maximum likelihood and maximum entropy. These algorithms suffer to various degrees from noise amplification and creation of artifacts near sharp edges (''ringing''). In order to deconvolve the Keck images I have applied an algorithm specifically developed for observations of planetary bodies, the myopic deconvolution algorithm MISTRAL (''Myopic Iterative STep-preserving Restoration ALgorithm'') (Conan et al. 1998, 2000). MISTRAL was developed by ONERA (Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales) and has been extensively tested on simulated and real AO observations, including observations of Titan (Coustenis et al.2001), Io (Marchis et al.2002, 2001), and asteroids (Hestroffer et al.2001, Rosenberg et al.2001, Makhoul et al.2001). Compared to more classical methods, MISTRAL avoids noise amplification and ringing artifacts, and better restores the initial photometry (Conan et al.1998). MISTRAL uses a stochastic approach to finding the best image reconstruction, using information about the object and the PSF. The general conclusions from this deconvolution effort is that MISTRAL does an excellent job of enhancing the sharpness of the data and preserving the photometry. The continued use of this algorithm for deconvolution of adaptive optics data is strongly suggested.
Gibbard, S; Marchis, F
Inexpensive 2 to 70 MBd Fiber-Optic Solutions for Industrial, Medical,
systems. The fiber-optic transmit- ter and receiver circuits recommended in this publication address this low- cost fiber-optic technology into new products because no analog design is required. System engi is trans- mitted through an optical communication system, a sepa- rate fiber-optic link must be used
NREL: Technology Transfer - Apply Now for Energy-Efficient Housing ...
Apply Now for Energy-Efficient Housing ... and NREL's Residential Buildings Research Web site to learn about systems integration and energy analysis ...
Applied Parallel Metadata Indexing
The GPFS Archive is parallel archive is a parallel archive used by hundreds of users in the Turquoise collaboration network. It houses 4+ petabytes of data in more than 170 million files. Currently, users must navigate the file system to retrieve their data, requiring them to remember file paths and names. A better solution might allow users to tag data with meaningful labels and searach the archive using standard and user-defined metadata, while maintaining security. last summer, I developed the backend to a tool that adheres to these design goals. The backend works by importing GPFS metadata into a MongoDB cluster, which is then indexed on each attribute. This summer, the author implemented security and developed the user interfae for the search tool. To meet security requirements, each database table is associated with a single user, which only stores records that the user may read, and requires a set of credentials to access. The interface to the search tool is implemented using FUSE (Filesystem in USErspace). FUSE is an intermediate layer that intercepts file system calls and allows the developer to redefine how those calls behave. In the case of this tool, FUSE interfaces with MongoDB to issue queries and populate output. A FUSE implementation is desirable because it allows users to interact with the search tool using commands they are already familiar with. These security and interface additions are essential for a usable product.
Jacobi, Michael R [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Using optical communication for remote underwater robot operation
Underwater vehicles are typically operated using a tether or a slow acoustic link. We present an underwater optical communication system that enables a high-throughput and low-latency link to an underwater robot. The optical ...
Optical data latch
An optical data latch is formed on a substrate from a pair of optical logic gates in a cross-coupled arrangement in which optical waveguides are used to couple an output of each gate to an photodetector input of the other gate. This provides an optical bi-stability which can be used to store a bit of optical information in the latch. Each optical logic gate, which can be an optical NOT gate (i.e. an optical inverter) or an optical NOR gate, includes a waveguide photodetector electrically connected in series with a waveguide electroabsorption modulator. The optical data latch can be formed on a III-V compound semiconductor substrate (e.g. an InP or GaAs substrate) from III-V compound semiconductor layers. A number of optical data latches can be cascaded to form a clocked optical data shift register.
Vawter, G. Allen (Corrales, NM)
Ferroelectric optical image comparator
The property of ferroelectric ceramics such as lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) to store information has been known for many years. This relates to the property of ferroelectric ceramic materials to become permanently polarized when an electric signal is applied to the material. A ferroelectric optical image comparator has a lead lanthanum zirconate titanate thin-film device which is constructed with a semi-transparent or transparent conductive first electrode on one side of the thin film, a conductive metal second electrode on the other side of the thin film, and the second electrode is in contact with a nonconducting substrate. A photoinduced current in the device represents the dot product between a stored image and an image projected onto the first electrode. One-dimensional autocorrelations are performed by measuring this current while displacing the projected image. 5 figs.
Butler, M.A.; Land, C.E.; Martin, S.J.; Pfeifer, K.B.
Vertical migration of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis and the impact on ocean optical properties
, Inc.) coupled to a fiber-optic spectrometer (S2000, Ocean Optics, Inc.) and a fiber-optic xenon flash. Moline, and C. S. Roesler (1999), Optical monitoring and fore- casting systems for harmful algal bloomsVertical migration of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis and the impact on ocean optical
In this dissertation three essays were presented. In the first two essays we measure the consumer welfare changes caused by U.S. meat price changes. In the third essay the dynamic structure of international gasoline prices using the time series methodology is investigated. In chapter II, we investigate the U.S. consumer behavior on meat consumption depending on a linear expenditure system (LES), and then we simulate the welfare effects of a set of price changes on the U.S. meat consumption. The simulation results show that the amount of consumer welfare change for each meat is not same across the meats under the same percentage change of price. The simulation results also show that when all the prices are doubled the total amount of CV reaches almost the same amount of current total quarterly expenditures for the three meats. In chapter III, we apply the compensating variation (CV) approach for the measurement of consumer welfare losses associated with beef price changes. We applied the long-run cointegrating relationship in vector error correction model (VECM) to estimate the Marshallian demand function. Apparently, the use of long-run cointegration in VECM in deriving the direct Marshallian demand function to measure the consumer welfare change is the first attempt in the literature. This is one of the contributions of the study. The simulation results show that the amount of consumer welfare change for beef is compatible with the one derived from LES methodology. In chapter IV, an empirical framework to summarize the interdependence of four international gasoline markets (New York, U.S. Gulf Coast, Rotterdam and Singapore) is presented. For that purpose, we employ a structural VECM and directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). To solve the identification problem in structural VECM, we apply DAGs derived from contemporaneous VECM innovations. The impulse response functions show that the time period in which a shock in a market affects the other market is very short. Forecast error variance decompositions (FEVD) shows that in all markets, except the U.S. Gulf Coast market, current and past shocks in their own market explained the most of the volatility in their own market in the Short-run.
Shin, Sang-Cheol
Stokes imaging of AM Her systems using 3D inhomogeneous models-II. Modelling X-ray and optical data of CP Tucanae
The viewing geometry of the polar CP Tuc that better explains its optical and X-ray light curves is controversial. Previous modelling of white-light polarimetric data considered the partial self-eclipse of an extended inhomogeneous emitting region. Alternatively, phase-dependent absorption has been used to reproduce the X-ray data. This paper presents new optical polarimetric data of CP Tuc and a model that consistently explains its optical and X-ray data. The model was based on an extension of the CYCLOPS code that added X-ray bremsstrahlung emission and pre-shock region absorption to the original version, which only accounted for cyclotron emission. The new code creates the possibility of simultaneous optical and X-ray fitting. We show that self-eclipse and absorption data have distinct signatures on the X-ray spectra. Although we were able to reasonably fit the CP Tuc optical data to cases of absorption and self-eclipse, we were only able to reproduce the X-ray orbital modulation after considering the abso...
Silva, K M G; Costa, J E R; de Souza, C A; Cieslinski, D; Hickel, G R
Responses of Cell Renewal Systems to Long-term Low-Level Radiation Exposure: A Feasibility Study Applying Advanced Molecular Biology Techniques on Available Histological and Cytological Material of Exposed Animals and Men
First results of this feasibility study showed that evaluation of the stored material of the chronically irradiated dogs with modern molecular biological techniques proved to be successful and extremely promising. Therefore an in deep analysis of at least part of the huge amount of remaining material is of outmost interest. The methods applied in this feasibility study were pathological evaluation with different staining methods, protein analysis by means of immunohistochemistry, strand break analysis with the TdT-assay, DNA- and RNA-analysis as well as genomic examination by gene array. Overall more than 50% of the investigated material could be used. In particular the results of an increased stimulation of the immune system within the dogs of the 3mSv group as both compared to the control and higher dose groups gives implications for the in depth study of the cellular events occurring in context with low dose radiation. Based on the findings of this study a further evaluation and statistically analysis of more material can help to identify promising biomarkers for low dose radiation. A systematic evaluation of a correlation of dose rates and strand breaks within the dog tissue might moreover help to explain mechanisms of tolerance to IR. One central problem is that most sequences for dog specific primers are not known yet. The discovery of the dog genome is still under progress. In this study the isolation of RNA within the dog tissue was successful. But up to now there are no gene arrays or gene chips commercially available, tested and adapted for canine tissue. The uncritical use of untested genomic test systems for canine tissue seems to be ineffective at the moment, time consuming and ineffective. Next steps in the investigation of genomic changes after IR within the stored dog tissue should be limited to quantitative RT-PCR of tested primer sequences for the dog. A collaboration with institutions working in the field of the discovery of the dog genome could have synergistic effects.
Fliedner Theodor M.; Feinendegen Ludwig E.; Meineke Viktor; Fritz Thomas E.
Optical NAND gate
An optical NAND gate is formed from two pair of optical waveguide devices on a substrate, with each pair of the optical waveguide devices consisting of an electroabsorption modulator and a photodetector. One pair of the optical waveguide devices is electrically connected in parallel to operate as an optical AND gate; and the other pair of the optical waveguide devices is connected in series to operate as an optical NOT gate (i.e. an optical inverter). The optical NAND gate utilizes two digital optical inputs and a continuous light input to provide a NAND function output. The optical NAND gate can be formed from III-V compound semiconductor layers which are epitaxially deposited on a III-V compound semiconductor substrate, and operates at a wavelength in the range of 0.8-2.0 .mu.m.
Skogen, Erik J. (Albuquerque, NM); Raring, James (Goleta, CA); Tauke-Pedretti, Anna (Albuquerque, NM)
Optical extensometer
An optical extensometer is described using sequentially pulsed light beams for measuring the dimensions of objects by detecting two opposite edges of the object without contacting the object. The light beams may be of different distinguishable light characteristics, such as polarization or wave length, and are time modulated in an alternating manner at a reference frequency. The light characteristics are of substantially the same total light energy and are distributed symmetrically. In the preferred embodiment two light beam segments of one characteristic are on opposite sides of a middle segment of another characteristic. As a result, when the beam segments are scanned sequentially across two opposite edges of the object, they produce a readout signal at the output of a photoelectric detector that is compared with the reference signal by a phase comparator to produce a measurement signal with a binary level transition when the light beams cross an edge. The light beams may be of different cross sectional geometries, including two superimposed and concentric circular beam cross sections of different diameter, or two rectangular cross sections which intersect with each other substantially perpendicular so only their central portions are superimposed. Alternately, a row of three light beams can be used including two outer beams on opposite sides and separate from a middle beam. The three beams may all be of the same light characteristic. However it is preferable that the middle beam be of a different characteristic but of the same total energy as the two outer beams.
Walker, Ray A. (Kennewick, WA); Reich, Fred R. (Richland, WA); Russell, James T. (Richland, WA)
Optical fiber reliability models M. John Matthewson
Systems containing optical fiber have design lives on the order of decades so that models for assessing and promising areas for future work are proposed. 1. INTRODUCTION Mechanical failure of optical fiber must tail can be controlled by proof testing the fiber which truncates the distribution (dashed line
Matthewson, M. John
FY 1990 Applied Sciences Branch annual report
The Applied Sciences Branch actively supports the advancement of DOE/SERI goals for the development and implementation of the solar photovoltaic technology. The primary focus of the laboratories is to provide state-of-the-art analytical capabilities for materials and device characterization and fabrication. The branch houses a comprehensive facility which is capable of providing information on the full range of photovoltaic components. A major objective of the branch is to aggressively pursue collaborative research with other government laboratories, universities, and industrial firms for the advancement of photovoltaic technologies. Members of the branch disseminate research findings to the technical community in publications and presentations. This report contains information on surface and interface analysis, materials characterization, development, electro-optical characterization module testing and performance, surface interactions and FTIR spectroscopy.
Keyes, B.M.; Dippo, P.C. (eds.)
A validation of the Radiance three-phase simulation method for modeling annual daylight performance of optically-complex fenestration systems
of innovative daylighting systems and to demonstrate itsproperties of daylighting systems and have performed limitedCharacterization of daylighting systems required modified
McNeil, Andrew
NREL: Solar Radiation Research - Optical Metrology Laboratory
Optical Metrology Laboratory Optical Metrology Laboratory Photo of a laser and a spectral irradiance calibration system used to create lamp-detector alignment. Researchers use a spectral irradiance calibration alignment jig and a laser beam to align a calibration source and test unit. The NREL Optical Metrology Laboratory ensures that optical radiation resource measurement equipment is calibrated to national or international standards to ensure the quality and traceability of data. NREL considers optical radiation to range from 250 nm to 2,500 nm and to include the ultraviolet (250-400 nm), visible (400-750 nm), near infrared (750-1,100 nm), and shortwave infrared (1,100-2,500 nm) ranges. Activities The Optical Metrology Laboratory provides National Institute of Standards and Technology-traceable measurements for:
Optical and higher layer performance monitoring in photonic networks: progress and challenges
Optical performance monitoring (OPM) and optical network management (ONM) are essential in building a reliable and high quality of service system as the optical transmission system continues to evolve towards higher data rates, increased wave length ... Keywords: bit error rate, fiber bragggrating, optical performance monitoring, wavelength division multiplexin
M. S. Islam; S. P. Majumder
University of Central Florida CREOL The College of Optics and Photonics
-6816 http://mqw.creol.ucf.edu/patrick/likamwa.html Research · Fiber-optic transmission systems · All-optical Systems for Phased Array Antennas · Co-Editor, SPIE Milestone series Volume on Analog Fiber-Optic Links to EUV and X-rays, including photonic technologies such as lasers; optical fibers; semiconductor
Richardson, Martin C.
THE BASICS OF FIBER OPTIC CABLE (Single-mode multi-mode)
campuses, office buildings, industrial plants, and electric utility companies. A fiber-optic system is similar to the copper wire system that fiber-optics is replacing. The difference is that fiber-optics use into the fiber-optic medium where they travel down the cable. The light (near infrared) is most often 850nm
Wang, Deli
Optical oxygen concentration monitor
A system for measuring and monitoring the concentration of oxygen uses as a light source an argon discharge lamp, which inherently emits light with a spectral line that is close to one of oxygen's A-band absorption lines. In a preferred embodiment, the argon line is split into sets of components of shorter and longer wavelengths by a magnetic field of approximately 2000 Gauss that is parallel to the light propagation from the lamp. The longer wavelength components are centered on an absorption line of oxygen and thus readily absorbed, and the shorter wavelength components are moved away from that line and minimally absorbed. A polarization modulator alternately selects the set of the longer wavelength, or upshifted, components or the set of the shorter wavelength, or downshifted, components and passes the selected set to an environment of interest. After transmission over a path through that environment, the transmitted optical flux of the argon line varies as a result of the differential absorption. The system then determines the concentration of oxygen in the environment based on the changes in the transmitted optical flux between the two sets of components. In alternative embodiments modulation is achieved by selectively reversing the polarity of the magnetic field or by selectively supplying the magnetic field to either the emitting plasma of the lamp or the environment of interest.
Kebabian, Paul (Acton, MA)
A system for measuring and monitoring the concentration of oxygen uses as a light source an argon discharge lamp, which inherently emits light with a spectral line that is close to one of oxygen`s A-band absorption lines. In a preferred embodiment, the argon line is split into sets of components of shorter and longer wavelengths by a magnetic field of approximately 2,000 Gauss that is parallel to the light propagation from the lamp. The longer wavelength components are centered on an absorption line of oxygen and thus readily absorbed, and the shorter wavelength components are moved away from that line and minimally absorbed. A polarization modulator alternately selects the set of the longer wavelength, or upshifted, components or the set of the shorter wavelength, or downshifted, components and passes the selected set to an environment of interest. After transmission over a path through that environment, the transmitted optical flux of the argon line varies as a result of the differential absorption. The system then determines the concentration of oxygen in the environment based on the changes in the transmitted optical flux between the two sets of components. In alternative embodiments modulation is achieved by selectively reversing the polarity of the magnetic field or by selectively supplying the magnetic field to either the emitting plasma of the lamp or the environment of interest. 4 figs.
Kebabian, P.
Towards all-optical optomechanics: An optical spring mirror
The dominant hurdle to the operation of optomechanical systems in the quantum regime is the coupling of the vibrating element to a thermal reservoir via mechanical supports. Here we propose a scheme that uses an optical spring to replace the mechanical support. We show that the resolved-sideband regime of cooling can be reached in a configuration using a high-reflectivity disk mirror held by an optical tweezer as one of the end-mirrors of a Fabry-Perot cavity. We find a final phonon occupation number of the trapped mirror ${\\bar n}$= 0.14 for reasonable parameters, well within the quantum regime. This demonstrates the promise of dielectric disks attached to optical springs for the observation of quantum effects in macroscopic objects.
S. Singh; G. A. Phelps; D. S. Goldbaum; E. M. Wright; P. Meystre
Superfluid-Mott Insulator Transition of Spin-2 Cold Bosons in an Optical Lattice in a Magnetic Field
The superfluid-Mott insulator transition of spin-2 boson atoms with repulsive interaction in an optical lattice in a magnetic field is presented. By using the mean field theory, Mott ground states and phase diagrams of superfluid-Mott insulator transition at zero temperature are revealed. Applied magnetic field leads to some phase boundaries splitting. For all the initial Mott ground states containing multiple spin components, different spin components take on different phase boundaries. It is found that in this system the phase boundaries with different magnetization can be moved in different ways by only changing the intensity of the applied magnetic field.
Shuo Jin; Jing-Min Hou; Bing-Hao Xie; Li-Jun Tian; Mo-Lin Ge
Surface characterization based on optical phase shifting interferometry
Apparatus, techniques and systems for implementing an optical interferometer to measure surfaces, including mapping of instantaneous curvature or in-plane and out-of-plane displacement field gradients of a sample surface based on obtaining and processing four optical interferograms from a common optical reflected beam from the sample surface that are relatively separated in phase by .pi./2.
Mello, Michael (Pasadena, CA), Rosakis; Ares J. (Altadena, CA)
Electro-optical tunable birefringent filter
An electrically tunable Lyot type filter is a Lyot that include one or more filter elements. Each filter element may have a planar, solid crystal comprised of a material that exhibits birefringence and is electro-optically active. Transparent electrodes may be coated on each face of the crystal. An input linear light polarizer may be located on one side of the crystal and oriented at 45 degrees to the optical axis of the birefringent crystal. An output linear light polarizer may be located on the other side of the crystal and oriented at -45 degrees with respect to the optical axis of the birefringent crystal. When an electric voltage is applied between the electrodes, the retardation of the crystal changes and so does the spectral transmission of the optical filter.
Levinton, Fred M. (Princeton, NJ)
Integrated optical tamper sensor
This invention consists of an monolithic optical tamper sensor, comprising an optical emitter and detector, connected by an optical waveguide and placed into the critical entry plane of an enclosed sensitive region, the tamper sensor having a myriad of scraps of a material optically absorbent at the wavelength of interest, such that when the absorbent material is in place on the waveguide, an unique optical signature can be recorded, but when entry is attempted into the enclosed sensitive region, the scraps of absorbent material will be displaced and the optical/electrical signature of the tamper sensor will change and that change can be recorded.
Carson, R.F.; Casalnuovo, S.A.
Latching micro optical switch
An optical switch reliably maintains its on or off state even when subjected to environments where the switch is bumped or otherwise moved. In addition, the optical switch maintains its on or off state indefinitely without requiring external power. External power is used only to transition the switch from one state to the other. The optical switch is configured with a fixed optical fiber and a movable optical fiber. The movable optical fiber is guided by various actuators in conjunction with a latching mechanism that configure the switch in one position that corresponds to the on state and in another position that corresponds to the off state.
Garcia, Ernest J; Polosky, Marc A
Miniature hybrid optical imaging lens
A miniature lens system that corrects for imaging and chromatic aberrations, the lens system being fabricated from primarily commercially-available components. A first element at the input to a lens housing is an aperture stop. A second optical element is a refractive element with a diffractive element closely coupled to, or formed a part of, the rear surface of the refractive element. Spaced closely to the diffractive element is a baffle to limit the area of the image, and this is closely followed by a second refractive lens element to provide the final correction. The image, corrected for aberrations exits the last lens element to impinge upon a detector plane were is positioned any desired detector array. The diffractive element is fabricated according to an equation that includes, as variables, the design wavelength, the index of refraction and the radius from an optical axis of the lens system components.
Sitter, Jr., David N. (Knoxville, TN); Simpson, Marc L. (Knoxville, TN)
A miniature lens system that corrects for imaging and chromatic aberrations is disclosed, the lens system being fabricated from primarily commercially-available components. A first element at the input to a lens housing is an aperture stop. A second optical element is a refractive element with a diffractive element closely coupled to, or formed a part of, the rear surface of the refractive element. Spaced closely to the diffractive element is a baffle to limit the area of the image, and this is closely followed by a second refractive lens element to provide the final correction. The image, corrected for aberrations exits the last lens element to impinge upon a detector plane were is positioned any desired detector array. The diffractive element is fabricated according to an equation that includes, as variables, the design wavelength, the index of refraction and the radius from an optical axis of the lens system components. 2 figs.
Sitter, D.N. Jr.; Simpson, M.L.
Minimally invasive diagnostic imaging using high resolution Optical Coherence Tomography
Advances in medical imaging have given researchers unprecedented capabilities to visualize, characterize and understand biological systems. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a high speed, high resolution imaging technique ...
Herz, Paul Richard, 1972-
Modular Off-Axis Fiber Optic Solar Concentrator
interior lighting: Sunlight Direct, ... a Modular Off-Axis Fiber Optic Solar Concentrator, uses novel embodiments of an off-axis aspheric focusing system to achieve ...
Visual-servoing optical microscopy
The present invention provides methods and devices for the knowledge-based discovery and optimization of differences between cell types. In particular, the present invention provides visual servoing optical microscopy, as well as analysis methods. The present invention provides means for the close monitoring of hundreds of individual, living cells over time; quantification of dynamic physiological responses in multiple channels; real-time digital image segmentation and analysis; intelligent, repetitive computer-applied cell stress and cell stimulation; and the ability to return to the same field of cells for long-term studies and observation. The present invention further provides means to optimize culture conditions for specific subpopulations of cells.
Callahan, Daniel E. (Martinez, CA); Parvin, Bahram (Mill Valley, CA)
The present invention provides methods and devices for the knowledge-based discovery and optimization of differences between cell types. In particular, the present invention provides visual servoing optical microscopy, as well as analysis methods. The present invention provides means for the close monitoring of hundreds of individual, living cells over time: quantification of dynamic physiological responses in multiple channels; real-time digital image segmentation and analysis; intelligent, repetitive computer-applied cell stress and cell stimulation; and the ability to return to the same field of cells for long-term studies and observation. The present invention further provides means to optimize culture conditions for specific subpopulations of cells.
Callahan, Daniel E. (Martinez, CA); Parvin, Bahram (Hercules, CA)
Database Knowledge Base Database Knowledge Base Table of Contents GENERAL INFORMATION PRODUCT DATA ** Operating Systems -- Microsoft Windows 7 and Vista ** How do I keep the IGDB up to date with the latest product data? bullet Registration Issue: Can't Remember Account Password What is the International Glazing Database (IGDB)? How is the IGDB maintained? I have updated the database using the update wizard, but my Window5 database does not appear to be updated. How do I update my Window5 database? Why does the IGDB have two formats? How can I submit data from my company for public use? Where can I get the IGDB? How can I get my own measured data in the database for private use? What software do I need to use the IGDB? I would like to use the spectral data of a certain product but it is not in the database. Where can I get this data?
Optical Design of Beam Shaping Optics for Camera Probe and LED Light Illumination Used for Minimally Invasive Abdominal Surgery.
??The optical design of a LED illuminator and camera imaging system were studied for potential use in a small medical "robotic type" probe to be� (more)
He, Weiyi
?? The optical design of a LED illuminator and camera imaging system were studied for potential use in a small medical "robotic type" probe to� (more)
Performance evaluation of fiber optic probes for tissue lifetime fluorescence spectroscopy
reflected light. Our findings can be applied towards optimization of fiber-optic probe designs Angeles, CA 90028. ABSTRACT The design of fiber-optic probes plays an important role in optical spectroscopic studies, including fluorescence spectroscopy of biological tissues. It can affect the light
Jones, Linda R.
Hadamard multimode optical imaging transceiver
Disclosed is a method and system for simultaneously acquiring and producing results for multiple image modes using a common sensor without optical filtering, scanning, or other moving parts. The system and method utilize the Walsh-Hadamard correlation detection process (e.g., functions/matrix) to provide an all-binary structure that permits seamless bridging between analog and digital domains. An embodiment may capture an incoming optical signal at an optical aperture, convert the optical signal to an electrical signal, pass the electrical signal through a Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) to create an LNA signal, pass the LNA signal through one or more correlators where each correlator has a corresponding Walsh-Hadamard (WH) binary basis function, calculate a correlation output coefficient for each correlator as a function of the corresponding WH binary basis function in accordance with Walsh-Hadamard mathematical principles, digitize each of the correlation output coefficient by passing each correlation output coefficient through an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC), and performing image mode processing on the digitized correlation output coefficients as desired to produce one or more image modes. Some, but not all, potential image modes include: multi-channel access, temporal, range, three-dimensional, and synthetic aperture.
Cooke, Bradly J; Guenther, David C; Tiee, Joe J; Kellum, Mervyn J; Olivas, Nicholas L; Weisse-Bernstein, Nina R; Judd, Stephen L; Braun, Thomas R
Applied Battery Research to someone by E-mail Share Vehicle Technologies Office: Applied Battery Research on Facebook Tweet about Vehicle Technologies Office: Applied Battery...
Optical voltage reference
An optical voltage reference for providing an alternative to a battery source. The optical reference apparatus provides a temperature stable, high precision, isolated voltage reference through the use of optical isolation techniques to eliminate current and impedance coupling errors. Pulse rate frequency modulation is employed to eliminate errors in the optical transmission link while phase-lock feedback is employed to stabilize the frequency to voltage transfer function.
Rankin, R.; Kotter, D.
An optical voltage reference for providing an alternative to a battery source is described. The optical reference apparatus provides a temperature stable, high precision, isolated voltage reference through the use of optical isolation techniques to eliminate current and impedance coupling errors. Pulse rate frequency modulation is employed to eliminate errors in the optical transmission link while phase-lock feedback is employed to stabilize the frequency to voltage transfer function. 2 figures.
Fiber-optic voltage sensor
A fiber optic voltage sensor is described which includes a source of light, a reference fiber for receiving a known percentage of the light and an electrostrictive element having terminals across which is applied, a voltage to be measured. The electrostrictive element is responsive to the applied voltage to assume an altered physical state. A measuring fiber also receives a known percentage of light from the light source and is secured about the electrostrictive element. The measuring fiber is provided with a cladding and exhibits an evanescent wave in the cladding. The measuring fiber has a known length which is altered when the electrostrictive element assumes its altered physical state. A differential sensor is provided which senses the intensity of light in both the reference fiber and the measuring fiber and provides an output indicative of the difference between the intensities.
Wood, C.B.
Heterodyne laser diagnostic system
The heterodyne laser diagnostic system includes, in one embodiment, an average power pulsed laser optical spectrum analyzer for determining the average power of the pulsed laser. In another embodiment, the system includes a pulsed laser instantaneous optical frequency measurement for determining the instantaneous optical frequency of the pulsed laser.
Globig, Michael A. (Antioch, CA); Johnson, Michael A. (Pleasanton, CA); Wyeth, Richard W. (Livermore, CA)
DTIRC based optical collimators
Non-imaging optical concentrators have been used in the past to increase the power density of incoming radiation in applications such as photovoltaic (PV) solar and optical wireless communications. This paper explores the use of Dielectric Totally Internally ... Keywords: DTIRC, collimator, concentrator, non-imaging, optical
Roberto Ramirez-Iniguez; Ali Ahmadinia; Hernando Fernandez-Canque
An optical tweezer actuated, nanoaperture-grid based Optofluidic Microscope implementation
polystyrene beads and pollen spores. © 2007 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (110.0110) Imaging systems transmission through nanoapertures and introduce undesirable power fluctuations into the system. Optical, an optical tweezer that translated the target sample over the grid, and a collection system that measured
Psaltis, Demetri
Environmental temperature sensing using Raman spectra DTS fiber-optic methods
are measured using a different wavelength of light than is used for DTS systems. The quality of a fiber-optic systems measure the average tempera- ture along a length of the fiber-optic cable, typically 13 m, rather focus on ``downstream'' aspects of DTS, i.e., those compo- nents of the system such as the fiber-optic
Selker, John
NIST Optical Radiation Staff Directory
Optical Radiation Staff Directory. Staff. Name, Position, Office Phone. ... Contact. Optical Radiation Group Eric Shirley, Group Leader. ...
BNL | Accelerators for Applied Research
Accelerators for Applied Research Accelerators for Applied Research Brookhaven National Lab operates several accelerator facilities dedicated to applied research. These facilities directly address questions and concerns on a tremendous range of fields, including medical imaging, cancer therapy, computation, and space exploration. Leading scientists lend their expertise to these accelerators and offer crucial assistant to collaborating researchers, pushing the limits of science and technology. Interested in gaining access to these facilities for research? See the contact number listed for each facility. RHIC tunnel Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer The Brookhaven Linac Isoptope Producer (BLIP)-positioned at the forefront of research into radioisotopes used in cancer treatment and diagnosis-produces commercially unavailable radioisotopes for use by the
Fiber optic temperature sensor
Our fiber optic temperature measurement sensor and system is a major improvement over methods currently in use in most industrial processes, and it delivers all of the attributes required simplicity, accuracy, and cost efficiency-to help improve all of these processes. Because temperature is a basic physical attribute of nearly every industrial and commercial process, our system can eventually result in significant improvements in nearly every industrial and commercial process. Many finished goods, and the materials that go into them, are critically dependent on the temperature. The better the temperature measurement, the better quality the goods will be and the more economically they can be produced. The production and transmission of energy requires the monitoring of temperature in motors, circuit breakers, power generating plants, and transmission line equipment. The more reliable and robust the methods for measuring these temperature, the more available, stable, and affordable the supply of energy will become. The world is increasingly realizing the threats to health and safety of toxic or otherwise undesirable by products of the industrial economy in the environment. Cleanup of such contamination often depends on techniques that require the constant monitoring of temperature in extremely hazardous environments, which can damage most conventional temperature sensors and which are dangerous for operating personnel. Our system makes such monitoring safer and more economical.
Rabold, D.
CRC handbook of applied thermodynamics
The emphasis of this book is on applied thermodynamics, featuring the stage of development of a process rather than the logical development of thermodynamic principles. It is organized according to the types of problems encountered in industry, such as probing research, process assessment, and process development. The applied principles presented can be used in most areas of industry including oil and gas production and processing, chemical processing, power generation, polymer production, food processing, synthetic fuels production, specialty chemicals and pharmaceuticals production, bioengineered processes, etc.
Palmer, D.A. (Amoco Chemical Corp., Naperville, IL (USA). Research and Development Dept.)
Omnidirectional fiber optic tiltmeter
A tiltmeter is provided which is useful in detecting very small movements such as earth tides. The device comprises a single optical fiber, and an associated weight affixed thereto, suspended from a support to form a pendulum. A light source, e.g., a light emitting diode, mounted on the support transmits light through the optical fiber to a group of further optical fibers located adjacent to but spaced from the free end of the single optical fiber so that displacement of the single optical fiber with respect to the group will result in a change in the amount of light received by the individual optical fibers of the group. Photodetectors individually connectd to the fibers produce corresponding electrical outputs which are differentially compared and processed to produce a resultant continuous analog output representative of the amount and direction of displacement of the single optical fiber.
Benjamin, B.C.; Miller, H.M.
Apply for Beam Time | Advanced Photon Source
Apply for Beam Time Apply for Beam Time NEXT PROPOSAL DEADLINE: March 7, 2014 @ 11:59 PM (Chicago time) Submit Proposal » SEE ALSO: Calendar: deadlines, run & review dates Help Page: frequently asked questions, tips for success, common errors, blank forms, instructions Review Criteria Sectors Directory: check CAT websites for info about managed beam time The Run 2014-2 proposal submission deadline is 11:59 p.m. (Chicago time) March 7, 2014. The system will open to accept proposals beginning December 20, 2013. NEW USERS: to avoid delays and to make the most of your time on site, read Become a User. You must register as a user and receive a badge number before submitting a proposal. About the Beam Time Request Process All beam time at the APS must be requested each cycle through the web-based
The theoretical study of passive and active optical devices via planewave based transfer (scattering) matrix method and other approaches
In this thesis, we theoretically study the electromagnetic wave propagation in several passive and active optical components and devices including 2-D photonic crystals, straight and curved waveguides, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), and etc. Several optical designs are also presented like organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells and solar concentrators. The first part of the thesis focuses on theoretical investigation. First, the plane-wave-based transfer (scattering) matrix method (TMM) is briefly described with a short review of photonic crystals and other numerical methods to study them (Chapter 1 and 2). Next TMM, the numerical method itself is investigated in details and developed in advance to deal with more complex optical systems. In chapter 3, TMM is extended in curvilinear coordinates to study curved nanoribbon waveguides. The problem of a curved structure is transformed into an equivalent one of a straight structure with spatially dependent tensors of dielectric constant and magnetic permeability. In chapter 4, a new set of localized basis orbitals are introduced to locally represent electromagnetic field in photonic crystals as alternative to planewave basis. The second part of the thesis focuses on the design of optical devices. First, two examples of TMM applications are given. The first example is the design of metal grating structures as replacements of ITO to enhance the optical absorption in OPV cells (chapter 6). The second one is the design of the same structure as above to enhance the light extraction of OLEDs (chapter 7). Next, two design examples by ray tracing method are given, including applying a microlens array to enhance the light extraction of OLEDs (chapter 5) and an all-angle wide-wavelength design of solar concentrator (chapter 8). In summary, this dissertation has extended TMM which makes it capable of treating complex optical systems. Several optical designs by TMM and ray tracing method are also given as a full complement of this work.
Zhuo, Ye
Fiber optical assembly for fluorescence spectrometry
A system for analyzing a sample for the presence of an analyte in a sample. The system includes a sample holder for containing the sample; an excitation source, such as a laser, and at least one linear array radially disposed about the sample holder. Radiation from the excitation source is directed to the sample, and the radiation induces fluorescent light in the sample. Each linear array includes a plurality of fused silica optical fibers that receive the fluorescent light and transmits a fluorescent light signal from the first end to an optical end port of the linear array. An end port assembly having a photo-detector is optically coupled to the optical end port. The photo-detector detects the fluorescent light signal and converts the fluorescent light signal into an electrical signal.
Carpenter, II, Robert W. (Pagosa Springs, CO); Rubenstein, Richard (Staten Island, NY); Piltch, Martin (Los Alamos, NM); Gray, Perry (Los Alamos, NM)
California Energy Commission Apply Today!
photovoltaic project in the future. Peak Demand Savings: 95 kW Energy Savings: 1,510,849 kWh Annual Energy CostCalifornia Energy Commission Apply Today! "The College implemented all of the recommended projects Programs Office (916) 654-4147 firstname.lastname@example.com "CEC financing allowed us to install many
implementing bioenergy applied research & development
1 A Northern Centre for Renewable Energy implementing bioenergy applied research & development plant measures to become carbon neutral and operate on renewable energy. UNBC is uniquely positioned for Climate Solutions, and UNBC. The Green University Centre will be a model of energy efficiency
Northern British Columbia, University of
Fabrication of an optical component
A method for forming optical parts used in laser optical systems such as high energy lasers, high average power lasers, semiconductor capital equipment and medical devices. The optical parts will not damage during the operation of high power lasers in the ultra-violet light range. A blank is first ground using a fixed abrasive grinding method to remove the subsurface damage formed during the fabrication of the blank. The next step grinds and polishes the edges and forms bevels to reduce the amount of fused-glass contaminants in the subsequent steps. A loose abrasive grind removes the subsurface damage formed during the fixed abrasive or "blanchard" removal process. After repolishing the bevels and performing an optional fluoride etch, the surface of the blank is polished using a zirconia slurry. Any subsurface damage formed during the loose abrasive grind will be removed during this zirconia polish. A post polish etch may be performed to remove any redeposited contaminants. Another method uses a ceria polishing step to remove the subsurface damage formed during the loose abrasive grind. However, any residual ceria may interfere with the optical properties of the finished part. Therefore, the ceria and other contaminants are removed by performing either a zirconia polish after the ceria polish or a post ceria polish etch.
Nichols, Michael A. (Livermore, CA); Aikens, David M. (Pleasanton, CA); Camp, David W. (Oakland, CA); Thomas, Ian M. (Livermore, CA); Kiikka, Craig (Livermore, CA); Sheehan, Lynn M. (Livermore, CA); Kozlowski, Mark R. (Livermore, CA)
Fiber optics welder having movable aligning mirror
A system for welding fiber optic waveguides together. The ends of the two fibers to be joined together are accurately, collinearly aligned in a vertical orientation and subjected to a controlled, diffuse arc to effect welding and thermal conditioning. A front-surfaced mirror mounted at a 45.degree. angle to the optical axis of a stereomicroscope mounted for viewing the junction of the ends provides two orthogonal views of the interface during the alignment operation.
Higgins, Robert W. (Los Alamos, NM); Robichaud, Roger E. (Jemez Springs, NM)
Determination of Response Threshold of Optical Current Transformer
For an all-electric ship, power system is not only the energy source of power distribution, but also the energy source of ship driving system, so it is the development direction of ship in future. The optical current transformer is very important in ... Keywords: Response, Resolution threshold, Optical Current Transformer, Microminiaturization
Wang Jia-Ying, Fu Hai-Yan, Zhang Guo-Qing, Yu Wen-Bin, Cheng Song, Guo Zhi-Zhong
chiller cogeneration systems. The 110 ton absorption chillers using waste heat from the microturbines project, four-30 kW microturbine swimming pool cogeneration systems and six-60 kW microturbine/absorption
Applied Electrical Metrology Group Homepage
... Electric Power Metrology and the Smart Grid�Our country's way of life depends on the electric power distribution system. ...
Optical watthour meter digitizer
As concern about energy conservation and energy-use efficiency increases, a simple and inexpensive instrument that would provide accurate, reliable and high-resolution data on electrical energy usage should find widespread application in research and industrial facilities. An instrument that would also provide one or more outputs compatible with a wide range of digital data acquisition systems would be especially appropriate, since the use of automatic data logging equipment is now common, even in small-scale and low-budget operations. An optical watthour meter digitizer was developed which meets these criteria. Based on the induction-type watthour meter, the digitizer provides an output pulse for a fixed amount of energy use. The digitizer senses the motion of the rotor disc of the meter by optically detecting passage of a nonreflective area painted on the underside of the disc. The passage of such area initiates a logic-compatible output pulse that can be used to measure power or energy usage in a variety of ways. The accuracy of the measurement is determined by the watthour meter. The resolution of the measurement is determined by the K/sub h/ constant (in watthours per revolution) of the meter and the number of equally spaced targets painted on the disc. The resolution of this device can be as small as a fraction of a watthour; the resolution of the manually read register on a watthour meter is typically a fraction of a kilowatthour. Several digitizers were fabricated, bench-tested, and installed in the field for long-term performance testing. All are performing satisfactorily.
Andrews, W.H.
High temperature, minimally invasive optical sensing modules
A remote temperature sensing system includes a light source selectively producing light at two different wavelengths and a sensor device having an optical path length that varies as a function of temperature. The sensor receives light emitted by the light source and redirects the light along the optical path length. The system also includes a detector receiving redirected light from the sensor device and generating respective signals indicative of respective intensities of received redirected light corresponding to respective wavelengths of light emitted by the light source. The system also includes a processor processing the signals generated by the detector to calculate a temperature of the device.
Riza, Nabeel Agha (Oviedo, FL); Perez, Frank (Tujunga, CA)
Tensor of molecular optical activity. Dispersion of the molecular optical rotation
The tensor of molecular optical activity (TMOA) is explicitly derived. It is shown that to evaluate a large number of effects related with molecular optical activity at arbitrary frequency $\\omega$ of the incident light, one needs to know only four TMOA tensors which have twelve irreducible (tensor) components. An additional amplification factor contains one $3 \\times 3$ tensor of light scattering with three irreducible components. The explicit dependence of all irreducible components of TMOA upon $\\omega$ and some molecular parameters is derived and discussed. We apply TMOA to explain the dispersion of optical rotation in dilute solutions of organic molecules. This study opens a new avenue in application of methods of modern Quantum Electrodynamics to molecular optical activity.
Frolov, Alexei M
NREL: Energy Systems Integration - Energy Systems Integration...
and concentrating solar systems are tested. There is an emphasis on measurement of parabolic trough mirror panels. For detailed laboratory specifications, download the Optical...
Nonlinear magneto-optic effects in optically dense Rb vapor
Nonlinear magneto-optical effects, originated from atomic coherence, are studied both theoretically and experimentally in thermal Rb vapor. The analytical description of the fundamental properties of coherent media are based on the simplified three- and four-level systems, and then verified using numerical simulations and experimental measurements. In particular, we analyze the modification of the long-lived atomic coherence due to various physical effects, such as reabsorption of spontaneous radiation, collisions with a buffer gas atoms, etc. We also discuss the importance of the high-order nonlinearities in the description of the polarization rotation for the elliptically polarized light. The effect of self-rotation of the elliptical polarization is also analyzed. Practical applications of nonlinear magneto-optical effects are considered in precision metrology and magnetometery, and for the generation of non-classical states of electromagnetic field.
Novikova, Irina Borisovna
Multichannel optical sensing device
A multichannel optical sensing device is disclosed, for measuring the outr sky luminance or illuminance or the luminance or illuminance distribution in a room, comprising a plurality of light receptors, an optical shutter matrix including a plurality of liquid crystal optical shutter elements operable by electrical control signals between light transmitting and light stopping conditions, fiber optic elements connected between the receptors and the shutter elements, a microprocessor based programmable control unit for selectively supplying control signals to the optical shutter elements in a programmable sequence, a photodetector including an optical integrating spherical chamber having an input port for receiving the light from the shutter matrix and at least one detector element in the spherical chamber for producing output signals corresponding to the light, and output units for utilizing the output signals including a storage unit having a control connection to the microprocessor based programmable control unit for storing the output signals under the sequence control of the programmable control unit.
Selkowitz, Stephen E. (Piedmont, CA)
Angle amplifying optics using plane and ellipsoidal reflectors
An optical system for providing a wide angle input beam into ellipsoidal laser fusion target illumination systems. The optical system comprises one or more pairs of centrally apertured plane and ellipsoidal mirrors disposed to accept the light input from a conventional lens of modest focal length and thickness, to increase the angular divergence thereof to a value equivalent to that of fast lenses, and to direct the light into the ellipsoidal target illumination system.
Glass, Alexander J. (Pleasanton, CA)
Direct Nano-Patterning With Nano-Optic Devices
In this study nano-patterning was carried out using two different nano-optic devices namely- the NSOM and Fresnel zone plate. In the first study, NSOM was used to generate nano-patterns on selected semiconducting (Si and Ge) and metallic (Cr, Cu and Ag) targets under different laser pulse durations, laser energies and number of laser pulses. Based on the experimental results, femtosecond laser pulses, provided lower pattern generation thresholds on targets but higher damage thresholds to the NSOM probes at the wavelength (~400-410 nm) studied, compared with nanosecond laser pulses. Three different mechanisms were identified as the dominant processes for pattern generation under different conditions, namely nano-scale laser ablation, nano-scale thermal oxidation and nano-scale melting/recrystallization of the targets. Furthermore, the resulting nano-patterns also showed a significant dependence on the optical properties (i.e., absorption coefficient and surface reflectivity) of the target material. By comparing the obtained experimental results, it was concluded that the optical energy transport from the NSOM probe to the target dominates the pattern generation when femtosecond laser is applied to the NSOM system. When nanosecond laser is applied, both the thermal and optical energy transported from the NSOM probe to the targets attribute to the obtained morphology of nano-patterns on different targets under the experimental conditions studied. In the second study, a traditional Fresnel zone plate with a focus length of 3 micrometres was fabricated with a novel lift-off process in e-beam lithography. The fabrication process involved, using a HSQ/PMMA bi-layer in a negative tone lift-off process with a layer of conducting polyaniline for charge dissipation. HSQ was used as the high resolution negative resist for e-beam patterning and the PMMA under-layer was used to enable a HSQ lift-off process. The fabricated Fresnel zone plate was used to generate nano-patterns on a UV sensitive photoresist using nanosecond laser light with lamda~409nm. The smallest pattern sizes generated was close to the diffraction limit. Nano-pattern sizes generated on the photoresist were comparable with a numerically calculated intensity distribution at the focus spot of the designed Fresnel zone plate obtained from Scalar Diffraction Theory.
Meenashi Sundaram, Vijay
Optical linear algebra
Many of the linear algebra operations and algorithms possible on optical matrix-vector processors are reviewed. Emphasis is given to the use of direct solutions and their realization on systolic optical processors. As an example, implicit and explicit solutions to partial differential equations are considered. The matrix-decomposition required is found to be the major operation recommended for optical realization. The pipelining and flow of data and operations are noted to be key issues in the realization of any algorithm on an optical systolic array processor. A realization of the direct solution by householder qr decomposition is provided as a specific case study. 19 references.
Casasent, D.; Ghosh, A.
Optically measuring interior cavities
A method of measuring the three-dimensional volume or perimeter shape of an interior cavity includes the steps of collecting a first optical slice of data that represents a partial volume or perimeter shape of the interior cavity, collecting additional optical slices of data that represents a partial volume or perimeter shape of the interior cavity, and combining the first optical slice of data and the additional optical slices of data to calculate of the three-dimensional volume or perimeter shape of the interior cavity.
Stone, Gary Franklin (Livermore, CA)
Glass and Optical Materials
NMR Insight into Glass Formers and Modifiers � NMR Studies on Biomaterials and Bioactive Glasses � Non-Linear Optical Properties in Glasses.
Optical Technology Portal
... Instruments. Primary optical watt radiometer (POWR) facility ... into the market and it is expected that many of the light sources currently used for ...
Optical Technology News
... Could Speed Innovation in Solar Devices Release ... Device Measures Absolute Optical Power in Fiber at ... of Standards and Technology (NIST) have ...
Latching Micro Optical Switch
Sandia National Laboratories has developed a latching switch for optical fibers. One or more fibers are moved by an actuator between two positions, ...
Buried fiber optic intrusion sensor
A distributed fiber optic intrusion sensor capable of detecting intruders from the pressure of their weight on the earth's surface was investigated in the laboratory and in field tests. The presence of an intruder above or in proximity to the buried sensor induces a phase shift in light propagating along the fiber which allows for the detection and localization of intrusions. Through the use of an ultra-stable erbium-doped fiber laser and phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometry, disturbances were monitored in long (several km) lengths of optical fiber. Narrow linewidth and low frequency drift in the laser were achieved through a combination of optical feedback and insulation of the laser cavity against environmental effects. The frequency drift of the laser, characterized using an all-fiber Mach Zehnder interferometer, was found to be less than 1 MHz/min, as required for operation of the intrusion detection system. Intrusions were simulated in a laboratory setting using a piezoelectric transducer to produce a controllable optical phase shift at the 2 km point of a 12 km path length. Interrogation of the distributed sensor was accomplished by repetitively gating light pulses from the stable laser into the sensing fiber. By monitoring the Rayleigh backscattered light with a photodetector and comparing traces with and without an induced phase shift, the phase disturbances were detected and located. Once the feasibility of such a sensor was proven in the laboratory, the experimental set up was transferred to Texas A&M's Riverside Campus. At the test site, approximately 40 meters of fiber optic cable were buried in a triangle perimeter and then spliced into the 12 km path length which was housed inside the test facility. Field tests were conducted producing results comparable to those found in the laboratory. Intrusions over this buried fiber were detectable on the ?-OTDR trace and could be localized to the intrusion point. This type of sensor has the potential benefits of heightened sensitivity, covertness, and greatly reduced cost over the conventional seismic, acoustic, infrared, magnetic, and fiber optic sensors for monitoring long (multi-km) perimeters.
Maier, Eric William
Development of a new generation of optical slope measuring profiler
We overview the results of a broad US collaboration, including all DOE synchrotron labs (ALS, APS, BNL, NSLS-II, LLNL, LCLS), major industrial vendors of x-ray optics (InSync, Inc., SSG Precision Optronics-Tinsley, Inc., Optimax Systems, Inc.), and with active participation of HBZ-BESSY-II optics group, on development of a new generation slope measuring profiler -- the optical slope measuring system (OSMS). The desired surface slope measurement accuracy of the instrument is<50 nrad (absolute) that is adequate to the current and foreseeable future needs for metrology of x-ray optics for the next generation of light sources.
Yashchuk, Valeriy V.; Takacs, Peter Z.; McKinney, Wayne R.; Assoufid, Lahsen
Doorway state approach to optical potential scattering
We extend and apply the doorway state approach in the context of optical potential scattering. This entails construction of doorway basis states for resolving the transition operator. We focus on analytic solutions to comparatively simple problems in optical potential scattering. Both low and high energy limits are considered, and absorptive interactions are treated; both on- and off-shell partial wave amplitudes are constructed. Further, the full scattering amplitude in the high energy limit is calculated directly in the doorway expansion. With our analytic results it is possible to identify the physical parameters controlling convergence of the doorway expansion. The same parameters apply over the entire range of cases studied. These parameters are related simply to the target geometry and to the interaction strength. For interactions appropriate to hadron--nucleus scattering, convergence of both on- and off-shell amplitudes is very rapid.
Lenz, F.; Moniz, E.J.; Yazaki, K.
Cone penetrometer fiber optic raman spectroscopy probe assembly
A chemically and mechanically robust optical Raman spectroscopy probe assembly that can be incorporated in a cone penetrometer (CPT) for subsurface deployment. This assembly consists of an optical Raman probe and a penetrometer compatible optical probe housing. The probe is intended for in-situ chemical analysis of chemical constituents in the surrounding environment. The probe is optically linked via fiber optics to the light source and the detection system at the surface. A built-in broadband light source provides a strobe method for direct measurement of sample optical density. A mechanically stable sapphire window is sealed directly into the side-wall of the housing using a metallic, chemically resistant, hermetic seal design. This window permits transmission of the interrogation light beam and the resultant signal. The spectroscopy probe assembly is capable of accepting Raman, Laser induced Fluorescence, reflectance, and other optical probes with collimated output for CPT deployment.
Kyle, Kevin R. (Brentwood, CA); Brown, Steven B. (Livermore, CA)
Visual Scanning Hartmann Optical Tester (VSHOT) Uncertainty Analysis (Milestone Report)
In 1997, an uncertainty analysis was conducted of the Video Scanning Hartmann Optical Tester (VSHOT). In 2010, we have completed a new analysis, based primarily on the geometric optics of the system, and it shows sensitivities to various design and operational parameters. We discuss sources of error with measuring devices, instrument calibrations, and operator measurements for a parabolic trough mirror panel test. These help to guide the operator in proper setup, and help end-users to understand the data they are provided. We include both the systematic (bias) and random (precision) errors for VSHOT testing and their contributions to the uncertainty. The contributing factors we considered in this study are: target tilt; target face to laser output distance; instrument vertical offset; laser output angle; distance between the tool and the test piece; camera calibration; and laser scanner. These contributing factors were applied to the calculated slope error, focal length, and test article tilt that are generated by the VSHOT data processing. Results show the estimated 2-sigma uncertainty in slope error for a parabolic trough line scan test to be +/-0.2 milliradians; uncertainty in the focal length is +/- 0.1 mm, and the uncertainty in test article tilt is +/- 0.04 milliradians.
Gray, A.; Lewandowski, A.; Wendelin, T.
New Optical Link Technologies for HEP Experiments
As a concern with the reliability and mass of current optical links in LHC experiments, we are investigating CW lasers and light modulators as an alternative to VCSELs. In addition we are developing data links in air, utilizing steering by MEMS mirrors and optical feedback paths for the control loop. Laser, modulator, and lens systems used are described, as well as two different electronic systems for a free space steering feedback loop. Our prototype system currently operates at 1.25 Gb/s, but could be upgraded. This link works over distances of order meters. Such links might enable one to move communication lasers (e.g. VCSELs) and optical fibers out of tracking detectors, for reasons such as reliability and power consumption. Some applications for free space data links, such as local triggering and data readout and trigger-clock distribution and links for much longer distances are also discussed.
P. Delurgio; W. Fernando; B. Salvachua; D. Lopez; R. Stanek; D. Underwood
Research ActivitiesCREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics ACADEMICS RESEARCH PARTNERSHIPS
Center (AMPAC), the Institute for Simulation and Training (IST), the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC://www.odalab-spectrum.org · Infrared Systems Laboratory, conducting research on infrared detector and focal-plane analysis, optics and Modeling of Optical Systems, and characterization of optical phenomena. Led by Dr. James Harvey, further
Li, Guifang
://mqw.creol.ucf.edu/patrick/likamwa.html Research · Fiber-optic transmission systems · All-optical signal processing · Free-space optical spectrum of programs covering materials, devices, and systems for applications including photonic, communication and information technology, biology and medicine, energy and lighting, aerospace, and homeland
Glebov, Leon
Feedback stabilization system for pulsed single-frequency tunable lasers
A feedback stabilization system for pulse single-frequency tunable lasers having an excited laser medium contained within an adjustable length cavity and producing a laser beam through the use of an optical element, including detection of angular deviation in the output laser beam, and generating an error signal based thereon. The error signal can be integrated and amplified and then applied as a correcting signal to a piezoelectric transducer mounted on a mirror of the laser cavity for controlling the cavity length.
Esherick, P.; Raymond, T.D.
EERE Postdoctoral Research Awards: How to Apply
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Flexible optical panel
A flexible optical panel includes laminated optical waveguides, each including a ribbon core laminated between cladding, with the core being resilient in the plane of the core for elastically accommodating differential movement thereof to permit winding of the panel in a coil.
Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program: Apply for Weatherization
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Digital optical conversion module
A digital optical conversion module used to convert an analog signal to a computer compatible digital signal including a voltage-to-frequency converter, frequency offset response circuitry, and an electrical-to-optical converter. Also used in conjunction with the digital optical conversion module is an optical link and an interface at the computer for converting the optical signal back to an electrical signal. Suitable for use in hostile environments having high levels of electromagnetic interference, the conversion module retains high resolution of the analog signal while eliminating the potential for errors due to noise and interference. The module can be used to link analog output scientific equipment such as an electrometer used with a mass spectrometer to a computer. 2 figs.
Kotter, D.K.; Rankin, R.A.
A digital optical conversion module used to convert an analog signal to a computer compatible digital signal including a voltage-to-frequency converter, frequency offset response circuitry, and an electrical-to-optical converter. Also used in conjunction with the digital optical conversion module is an optical link and an interface at the computer for converting the optical signal back to an electrical signal. Suitable for use in hostile environments having high levels of electromagnetic interference, the conversion module retains high resolution of the analog signal while eliminating the potential for errors due to noise and interference. The module can be used to link analog output scientific equipment such as an electrometer used with a mass spectrometer to a computer.
Kotter, Dale K. (North Shelley, ID); Rankin, Richard A. (Ammon, ID)
Spin-1 atoms in optical superlattices: Single-atom tunneling and entanglement
We examine spinor Bose-Einstein condensates in optical superlattices theoretically using a Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian that takes spin effects into account. Assuming that a small number of spin-1 bosons is loaded in an optical potential, we study single-particle tunneling that occurs when one lattice site is ramped up relative to a neighboring site. Spin-dependent effects modify the tunneling events in a qualitative and quantitative way. Depending on the asymmetry of the double well, different types of magnetic order occur, making the system of spin-1 bosons in an optical superlattice a model for mesoscopic magnetism. We use a double-well potential as a unit cell for a one-dimensional superlattice. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic fields are applied, and the effects of the linear and the quadratic Zeeman shifts are examined. We also investigate the bipartite entanglement between the sites and construct states of maximal entanglement. The entanglement in our system is due to both orbital and spin degrees of freedom. We calculate the contribution of orbital and spin entanglements and show that the sum of these two terms gives a lower bound for the total entanglement.
Wagner, Andreas; Bruder, Christoph; Demler, Eugene [Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel (Switzerland); Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (United States)
Polyplanar optical display electronics
The Polyplanar Optical Display (POD) is a unique display screen which can be used with any projection source. The prototype ten inch display is two inches thick and has a matte black face which allows for high contrast images. The prototype being developed is a form, fit and functional replacement display for the B-52 aircraft which uses a monochrome ten-inch display. In order to achieve a long lifetime, the new display uses a 100 milliwatt green solid-state laser (10,000 hr. life) at 532 nm as its light source. To produce real-time video, the laser light is being modulated by a Digital Light Processing (DLP{trademark}) chip manufactured by Texas Instruments. In order to use the solid-state laser as the light source and also fit within the constraints of the B-52 display, the Digital Micromirror Device (DMD{trademark}) circuit board is removed from the Texas Instruments DLP light engine assembly. Due to the compact architecture of the projection system within the display chassis, the DMD{trademark} chip is operated remotely from the Texas Instruments circuit board. The authors discuss the operation of the DMD{trademark} divorced from the light engine and the interfacing of the DMD{trademark} board with various video formats (CVBS, Y/C or S-video and RGB) including the format specific to the B-52 aircraft. A brief discussion of the electronics required to drive the laser is also presented.
DeSanto, L.; Biscardi, C. [Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States). Dept. of Advanced Technology
Evaluation of ITER MSE Viewing Optics
The Motional Stark Effect (MSE) diagnostic on ITER determines the local plasma current density by measuring the polarization angle of light resulting from the interaction of a high energy neutral heating beam and the tokamak plasma. This light signal has to be transmitted from the edge and core of the plasma to a polarization analyzer located in the port plug. The optical system should either preserve the polarization information, or it should be possible to reliably calibrate any changes induced by the optics. This LLNL Work for Others project for the US ITER Project Office (USIPO) is focused on the design of the viewing optics for both the edge and core MSE systems. Several design constraints were considered, including: image quality, lack of polarization aberrations, ease of construction and cost of mirrors, neutron shielding, and geometric layout in the equatorial port plugs. The edge MSE optics are located in ITER equatorial port 3 and view Heating Beam 5, and the core system is located in equatorial port 1 viewing heating beam 4. The current work is an extension of previous preliminary design work completed by the ITER central team (ITER resources were not available to complete a detailed optimization of this system, and then the MSE was assigned to the US). The optimization of the optical systems at this level was done with the ZEMAX optical ray tracing code. The final LLNL designs decreased the ''blur'' in the optical system by nearly an order of magnitude, and the polarization blur was reduced by a factor of 3. The mirror sizes were reduced with an estimated cost savings of a factor of 3. The throughput of the system was greater than or equal to the previous ITER design. It was found that optical ray tracing was necessary to accurately measure the throughput. Metal mirrors, while they can introduce polarization aberrations, were used close to the plasma because of the anticipated high heat, particle, and neutron loads. These mirrors formed an intermediate image that then was relayed out of the port plug with more ideal (dielectric) mirrors. Engineering models of the optics, port plug, and neutral beam geometry were