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Oct 21, 2012; Charlotte, NC, USA Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones point to the fans prior to the game against the Carolina Panthers at Bank of America Stadium. Mandatory Credit: Jeremy Brevard-US PRESSWIRE
Sports world as we know it stops, tries to figure out this dress thing too
Hours after we were brought together by llamas, a dress tore us all apart.
Iguodala puts Dellavedova on skates with nasty crossover, makes behind-the-back pass
Iguodala got Dellavedova good.
5-year-old fulfills special wish by signing letter of intent to West Virginia
The team welcomed Nicholas Wince into its family with help from the Make-A-Wish Foundation.
Michael Beasley says he drank 'snake juice,' ate horse and lizard while living in China
The new Heat signing now knows what 'snake juice,' horse, and lizard taste like.
Former NBA big man gets his kicks from playing ice hockey
"I don't do it to stay in shape. I do it because it's fun."
Watch this gripping Derrick Rose commercial from Powerade with Tupac Shakur vocals
The new spot features a poem from Tupac, "The Rose That Grew from Concrete."
Coach Quenneville denies rumors of fist fight in Chicago Blackhawks locker room
Chicago Blackhawks head coach Joel Quenneville is putting some ugly rumors to rest before they get any more out of hand. Earlier (…)


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The University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing
Ultima Vez Modificado: 13 de diciembre del 2011
My breast cancer came back just few months after lumpectomy. My pathology report says nottingham grade 3 of 3. What does this mean?
Brian Czerniecki, MD, Breast , responds:
This means it is high grade. The significance of recurrence post lumpectomy and XRT depends on the type of radiation you received your age and other factors, such as if you had whole breast radiation. Usually if you had recurrence that soon means you should probably have mastectomy.
Kevin Fox, MD adds more about the Nottingham Score:
The Nottingham histologic score is simply a scoring system to assess the "grade" of breast cancers.
It is a total score based on 3 different sub-scores. The 3 sub-scores are assigned based on 3 components of how the breast cancer cells look under a microscope. (The details of these 3 components are not critical for you to understand). Each of the 3 components is assigned a sub-score of 1, 2, or 3, with 1 being best and 3 being worst. Once the 3 sub-scores are added, a Nottingham score is obtained: the minimum score possible is 3 (1+1+1) and the maximum possible is 9 (3+3+3).
A histologic grade of III is assigned to any patient with a Nottingham score of 8 or 9. Grade I refers to Nottingham scores of 3, 4, and 5, while Grade II refers to Nottingham scores of 6 and 7.
In the end, the Nottingham score and histologic grades are not very useful in the big picture, as they do not alter final overall treatment recommendations. High-score cancers tend to relapse more often than low-score cancers. Ultimately, however, we don't use the score in making clinical decisions.
This question and answer was part of the OncoLink Brown Bag Chat. Series, View the Life After Breast Cancer transcript.
Jul 6, 2011 - A continuous hepatocellular carcinoma priority score incorporating a model for end-stage liver disease, alpha-fetoprotein and tumor size can be used to predict dropout, post-transplantation survival, and recurrence rates after liver transplantation, according to a study published online June 10 in the American Journal of Transplantation.

subset: commoncrawl


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Lyrical Branches Window Curtain
Love the look and meets my expectations
I love these curtains. Ironed out the packaging creases effortlessly! Brightened my dining room wonderfully! Happy Customer :)
September 26, 2013
Beautiful curtains!
My order came on time, and I loved the curtains! I ordered 3 panels. The natural fabric is very nice.
May 22, 2013
looks great in our living room
This was a choice. We will be purchasing a set of sheers to go behind for a little more privacy
January 24, 2013
After reading the reviews I was not sure if I should purchase but I am glad I did. When I got the package I wasn't sure if I would like them, but once I hung them I fell in love. The way the light comes through makes them so beautiful. Whoever posted that they "smell" is wrong. These curtains have no odor. I love them so much
April 13, 2012
Just received
I just got mine in the mail and I love them. The only thing is they are dry clean only so I was if any one had any tips to get the fold lines out before I hang them. Is it possible to iron these? Has anyone tried?
March 27, 2012
Lyrical indeed,like a haiku!
I am just sorry I can't post a picture right now,because they really turned my bedroom into a poem! The texture and the design of these curtains give you the feel you can see a soft breeze carying away some leaves,and helping some new buds pop up on the vines...And I am also very sorry for those who are not pleased about them,but these curtains don't go with "Governor's Mansion" type.They are and look as natural as natural can be and mean.And ,once again,lyrical indeed,like a haiku !
Thank you,World Market!
December 14, 2011
Love them!
I bought these curtains a year ago for my living room. I have a very large window that looks into my backyard, and didn't want curtains that would hide my beautiful view. The lighter material and color really brighten up my living room, guests compliment my curtains all the time. I was nervous about the ligther color since I have 2 big dogs, but the dog hair does not stick to this material, so they have stayed very clean in a year.
August 21, 2011
Drop-dead Gorgeous
These curtains instantly brought my dining room into the 21st Century. They are beautiful and feel cool and breezy. They drape well and the filtered light is just wonderful. I wish they had this fabric with other prints, I would buy them all.
June 22, 2011


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Here are 15 ways to help prevent lung cancer.
Discover the best products and methods to help you quit smoking for good
Diet and digestion have more to do with cancer prevention than you may realize
Find out how your health improves in the moments, hours, months and years after you put out your last cigarette.
15 signs that it's more than just the blues
Dim the lights and break out the…eggs? These 10 foods will kick your sex drive into high gear.


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While in bed, you fart then pull the covers over the head of whomever is in bed with you. You hold the covers over his or her head until the stink leaves.
Last night in bed, my boyfried pulled a dutch oven on me.
מאת Jenn Jo
13 בנובמבר, 2006
When a guy farts in bed with his girlfriend then pulls then sheets over their heads.
My girlfriend wouldn't do it with me last night so I gave her a dutch oven.
מאת big zig
5 בפברואר, 2011
The dark abyss of bed covers in witch there are insane amounts of ass air waiting to suffocate the next nearest victim.
Man I cooked the craziest dutch oven ever and nearly made my friend pass out. :)
מאת Schiz
22 באוגוסט, 2008
When one partner farts while maneuvering the sheets in such a position such that the other is trapped under the sheets and must smell the rankness of the fart. Named after the dutch door, which could operate with the bottom half closed and the top open.
I had a beast breathin out of my ass so I gave the bitch a "dutch oven"
מאת MixMaster Frucus
14 באפריל, 2003
Dutch oven is when you fart under the covers and the smell seeps out to your nose as soon as you lift the covers up. Because the smell is concentrated by the time it gets to you, it's ten times worse (or better, up to you) than it normally would be.
I farted under the covers. This is also known as the act of (or creating a) Dutch oven.
מאת bluthuf
28 בנובמבר, 2013
A fart under a blanket (see dutch burner).
That dutch oven smells awful!
מאת defpoint
9 ביוני, 2009
When two people are laying in a bed under the covers, one person passes gas and puts the covers over the other person head and doesn't let them out until the gases are no longer existent.
Farting under the blanket and putting someone under the covers to smell it. This is a dutch oven, also it keeps you warm.
מאת aaaaaahyiggie
24 במאי, 2009


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Moderator: LGB Mods
Kyle1512 wrote:1 Minute penalties in overtime is stupid. If a home player takes a 2 minute penalty with 1 second left in the third period and a visiting player takes a 1 minute penalty 1 second into overtime, the visiting players gets out of the box a minute earlier. It is rare to see a penalty called by a honest ref in overtime, most penalties are called by vindictive, petty refs.
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One of the basics steps to a healthy home is home maintenance and repair. With spring right around the corner, now is a good time to do some basic maintenance and repair before the weather gets too hot. Maintenance includes activities like cleaning, painting, mowing, etc. etc. Repair includes replacing, fixing, removing, etc. BOTH are important. Maintenance can help make repair easier! Over the last seven weeks many of the tips are basic maintenance steps for home owners to help them avoid costly repairs or health issues.
Here are just a few things you need to keep your home well maintained.


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Earn cash back on all your purchases when you pay with the Upromise MasterCard®.
By clicking Apply Now, you will be directed to an online application website that is operated by Barclaycard and is governed by the Barclaycard Privacy Policy.
Yes, Upromise is free to join.
Upromise is a service that helps families earn extra money for education. The company was launched in April 2001 to help make a college education more attainable. It's a service that helps members jumpstart their college savings or pay down student loans by earning 1-25% back on qualified everyday spending shopping online or in-store, eating out, buying groceries, purchasing travel and more.
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Your Upromise account is a non-interest bearing account.
The Upromise Rewards Service is offered by Upromise, Inc., is not a 529 plan and does not offer the federal or state tax advantages associated with 529 plans. If you are seeking potential market return on your college savings, you may want to consider investing them in a 529 plan.
* Product and partner exclusions and limitations to the 5% cash back apply. Go to View All Retailers for a list of cash back amounts by partner. Please see the deal details associated with the offer for full offer terms and conditions.
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Red Key Chain Coin Purse
Item #23399
Sale Price: $39.99
Original Price: $50.00
Availability: Out of stock. This item is no longer available for purchase.
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Combining sumptuous leather and the thoughtful designs of a family-owned American firm, the Red Key Chain Coin Purse with exterior slim back pocket and 2 credit card slots secures a 4"l. key fob within its zippered interior. Features top-grain leather with vintage styling and nickel hardware. Fully lined. ID windows. Imported. 4"l. x 3"w.
Museum Provenance
This classic billfold recalls the extensive collection of women's accessories curated by our American History Museum's Division of Home and Community Life.
Every Smithsonian purchase will arrive with a museum provenance card explaining how it is adapted from or inspired by an object or objects in our collection.
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HEAT oven to 350°F.
PLACE butter in bottom of 13x9-inch baking dish; cover with layers of half each of the macaroni, VELVEETA and cheddar.
WHISK egg and milk until well blended; pour half over ingredients in baking dish. Repeat with remaining ingredients except paprika.
BAKE 15 min.; stir carefully until well blended. Bake 15 min. or until macaroni mixture is heated through and top is golden brown. Sprinkle with paprika.


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What does KST mean in Chat?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand KST in the Internet field in general and in the Chat terminology in particular.
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"KST." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 3 Mar. 2015. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/92037>.
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I am a Houston-born old "kid", and what I read in that book kept me saying, "Oh My God", on page after page.
This is a must read for anyone questioning what is really happening in our country today!
After reading `Family of Secrets' that answer is abundantly obvious: we did not know the truth. I think we do now and Russ Baker has given it to us in a brilliant book that that will be impossible for any sensible American to ignore.
I wanted to personally thank you for the tremendous effort and the marvelously informative document that you have created. I have no doubt I that I will read it once more in the future.
French philosopher Jean Paul Sartre said that "words are loaded pistols." In the hands of Russ Baker, they are hydrogen bombs
My Boxer used to bring clothes line items from the neighbors. Russ Baker brings us those items before they hit the clothes line, or even the washing machine, for that matter. A book every voting American should read.
There aren't enough positive adjectives in the English language to describe my amazement at the enormously important work that is "Family of Secrets".
One quickly realizes that Baker has uncovered the key to what went wrong with the most powerful industrial, financial, and technological nation in history.
"One of the most important books of the past ten years"—Gore Vidal
"A tour de force….Family of Secrets has made me rethink even those events I witnessed with my own eyes"—Dan Rather
"Russ Baker's work stands out for its fierce independence, fact-based reporting, and concern for what matters most to our democracy…A lot of us look to Russ to tell us what we didn't know"—Bill Moyers
"This is the book people will be mining for years to come"—David Margolick, Newsweek and Vanity Fair
"An investigative gem filled with juicy revelations" --Sydney Schanberg, Pulitzer Prize winner, New York Times
Copyright 2015 Family of Secrets · · Log in


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glen a richter wrote:Could it be a couple of bad seeds on the team? Perron seems to be pretty franking selfish with the puck on a regular basis. Stewart only shows up when it suits his mood. I wouldn't be against them trading both.
Stewart should have been given a bus ticket long ago.
Perron has talent but at every whistle he seems to be yapping at the refs. Yes the refs aren't great this year but shut your mouth, play your shifts, and don't be Crosby. If the refs want to talk to a player they will go to the man with the C and there is a reason it's not on Perron.


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Arnstein & Lehr's Woman of Vision initiative aspires to promote and empower women both within the firm and throughout all of Chicago, celebrating the achievements of those who have made a difference in the professional world. Learn more about our woman of vision initiative »
EB-5 Investor ImmigrationOur multidisciplinary team has raised more than $2 billion in financing for our EB-5 clients' projects. Learn more about our EB-5 team »
Matthew Cohn"Matt is an excellent environmental resource. He has a calm but direct manner that works very well in the field. He is trained in both the science of the environment as well as the law."- Retired Plant Manager at Building Products ManufacturerLEARN MORE ABOUT MATTHEW COHN »
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Contents: 8 1/2" x 11" Lauri Crepe Rubber Puzzle, Assembly Pattern, Storage Tray
Color assortment may vary.
©2015 Patch Products.


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Profile Info
- Gender:male
- Member since:June 24, 2013
- Last Broadcast:October 09, 2013
- Sexual Preference:bicurious
- Relationship Status:single
- Age: 24
- Location: medellin, Colombia
- Spoken language(s):Spanish, English
- Height: 7'4"
- Occupation: soldado
- Body Type:athletic
- Body Decorations:tattoos, other
- Hair Color:black
- Hair Length:short
- Facial Hair:sideburns
- Body Hair:average
- Eye Color:black
soy muy caliente arrecho
Sex Questionnaire
Do you enjoy cyber-sex? SI
Do you use sex toys? NO LOS USO
Do you enjoy oral sex? SI ME ENCANTA SQUE SE TRAGEN LA VERGA
Do you enjoy anal sex? SI CHIMBA PARTIRLES ESE CULO
Do you enjoy porn movies? SI MUCHO
Are you interested in sex with multiple partners? SI LO Q SEA
Do you enjoy BDSM? NO SE QUE S
What other types of sex are you interested in? M CULIAR EN LOS SITIOS PUBLICOS
What is your favorite sexual fantasy? CLAVAR CLAVAR Y CLAVAR
What do you look for in a sexual partner? QUE SEA ARRECHA YUY LE ENCANTE EL SEX
Who is the one person you would most like to have sex with? CON UN AMIGO POR HAY AJAJ
My Friends and Favorites
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text: You'll never have to sacrifice great value for quality, dependable electronics when you shop at BJ's Wholesale Club. Discover our full selection of discount and wholesale electronics, and see how you can save money. Explore our wide range of electronics, including televisions, cameras and camcorders, video game systems and more. We also offer great deals on GPS, DVD and Blu-ray players, security and audio systems. You'll always feel confident when you buy discount electronics online from BJ's. |


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Drug Notes
UPMC Patient Education Materials
Calculators and Assessment Tools
Anatomy Navigator
Conditions Navigator
Mesenteric artery ischemia occurs when there is a narrowing or blockage of one or more of the three major arteries that supply the small and large intestines. These are called the mesenteric arteries.
Mesenteric vascular disease; Ischemic colitis
Narrowing of the arteries that supply blood to the intestine causes mesenteric ischemia. The arteries that supply blood to the intestines run directly from the aorta, the main artery from the heart.
Mesenteric artery ischemia is often seen in people who have hardening of the arteries in other parts of the body. The condition is more common in smokers and in people with high blood pressure or high blood cholesterol.
Mesenteric ischemia may also be caused by a blood clot (embolus ) that suddenly blocks one of the mesenteric arteries. The clots usually come from the heart or aorta. These clots are more commonly seen in people with abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias ), such as atrial fibrillation .
Symptoms of long-term (chronic) mesenteric artery ischemia caused by hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis ):
Symptoms of sudden (acute) mesenteric artery ischemia due to a traveling blood clot:
In acute mesenteric ischemia, blood tests may show a higher than normal white blood cell count and changes in the blood acid level. There may be bleeding in the GI tract.
A Doppler ultrasound or CT scan may show problems with the blood vessels and the intestine.
A mesenteric angiogram is a test that involves injecting a special dye into your bloodstream to highlight the arteries of the intestine. Then x-rays are taken of the area. This can show the location of the blockage in the artery.
Acute mesenteric artery ischemia is an emergency. Treatment can include:
The outlook for chronic mesenteric ischemia is good after a successful surgery. However, it is important to make lifestyle changes (such as a healthy diet and exercise) to prevent hardening of the arteries from getting worse.
People with acute mesenteric ischemia often do poorly because portions of the intestine may die before surgery can be done. However, with prompt diagnosis and treatment, acute mesenteric ischemia can be treated successfully.
Tissue death from lack of blood flow (infarction) in the intestines is the most serious complication of mesenteric artery ischemia. Surgery may be needed to remove the dead portion.
Call your health care provider if you have:
The following lifestyle changes can reduce your risk for narrowing of the arteries:
Hauser SC. Vascular diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 145.
Todd Eisner, MD, Private practice specializing in Gastroenterology, Boca Raton, FL. Affiliate Assistant Professor, Florida Atlantic University School of Medicine. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
For help in finding a doctor or health service that suits your needs, call the UPMC Referral Service at 412-647-UPMC (8762) or 1-800-533-UPMC (8762). Select option 1.
UPMC is an equal opportunity employer. UPMC policy prohibits discrimination or harassment on the basis of race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, age, sex, genetics, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital status, familial status, disability, veteran status, or any other legally protected group status. Further, UPMC will continue to support and promote equal employment opportunity, human dignity, and racial, ethnic, and cultural diversity. This policy applies to admissions, employment, and access to and treatment in UPMC programs and activities. This commitment is made by UPMC in accordance with federal, state, and/or local laws and regulations.
Medical information made available on UPMC.com is not intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. You should not rely entirely on this information for your health care needs. Ask your own doctor or health care provider any specific medical questions that you have. Further, UPMC.com is not a tool to be used in the case of an emergency. If an emergency arises, you should seek appropriate emergency medical services.
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Mix a gal on vacation, a guy ready for adventure, add a splash of Zola and anything can happen. Follow the adventures of Renan and Chelsea as they Live Life to the Fullest.
The next best thing to a freshly cracked coconut on a warm, sandy beach? Zola Coconut Water. Slightly sweet, totally refreshing, Zola is a delicious way to replenish, rehydrate, and recharge.
Check out what our fans are watching on Hulu and Women's Heath Network this summer.
Brazilians go luoco (crazy) for Açaí, the tiny, power-packed berry from the Amazon. Bursting with antioxidants and omega fatty acids, Zola Açaí combines the luscious taste of wild berries with a hint of chocolate. Samba at 3 am? Yes you can.


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Yellowstone Country
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Grizzly bears, wolves and a burgeoning art scene are defining elements of southwestern Montana—as well as the nation's first national park. Cast for rainbow trout in the Yellowstone River along the shadow of the Absaroka Mountains; then soak in the area's revitalizing hot springs. Winter brings bountiful "cold smoke" snow to this region, offering a prime playground for downhill and cross-country skiers, as well as snowmobilers and dogsledders.
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Product Number: | BI19256 |
Item Price: | $32.99 |
Availability: | In Stock |
Shipping Weight: | 0.34 lb. |
As its name implies, the #105 is a compact, open-top design that is ideal for daily wear. An elastic strap provides secure retention. The dual belt loops offer stability and pull the holster close to the body for optimum concealment.
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RPM Mats
RPM Mats
RPM Mats make the installation of floor heating cable fast and easy. RPM Mats are 20" x 44" and Made in the USA from Heavy Duty 60 mil ABS plastic (80%+ recycled materials) but weigh only 2.0 lbs. Our most popular thickness is 5/16" and has been used to install thousands of WarmWire® projects providing a lightweight, quick and clean option to a traditional backer board and cable guide strap installation. Simply thread the floor heating cable onto the grid between the studs at your desired spacing and it sits safely and securely 1/8" below the top of the studs so your installation is protected from traffic and tools. Once filled with cement leveling mortar your floor has a TCNA tested and approved "heavy" rating with a lower profile than ¼" backerboard. Plus it is lighter weight and installs in half the steps! On concrete slabs, it's rated "High Performance" as an anti-fracture membrane in TCNA testing plus RPM acts as a thermal break. Studs are ½" in diameter and spaced at 1".
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I'm getting on the Music Monday Boat (sorry it's late!).
I made a playlist on Spotify called Juice Party and that's been my jam (title is in reference to Buster Bluth from Arrested Development, extra points if you know what I'm talking about). Highlights being: Salt-N-Pepa, Gorillaz, Ke$ha, Beastie Boys, and most importantly, new singles off of Justin Timblerlake's 20/20.
To be truthful I've been kind of meh about the entire 20/20 album but I do really like the singles off of it, especially Mirrors.
The SNL performance was GRAND too.
And if Juice Party isn't your thing, I have POWERRR (in reference to Top Gear's Jeremy Clarkson. I don't know where I get these, seriously.) This playlist is actually pretty chill. I've got mostly new indie rock and some old classics like James Taylor, Jim Croce, and Jackson Browne. I'm in love with this song by Two Door Cinema Club called Sleep Alone.
If you look at the comments, apparently FIFA 13 used this song for their new game? And there was another song I fell in love with that also used this song. Atlas Genius – If So (I actually prefer the acoustic version).
That's all from my music archives this week!


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Fall #11 Ornament Pumpkins Pack includes 9 real elements saved as .png files at 300dpi resolution for optimum print quality.
Drop shadows are for preview purposes only. Paper not included. Freebies are allowed with this product. For both Personal and Commercial Use. Credit are no required at CU, but gladly appreciated. Please read my Terms of Use prior to your purchase.
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humphreys wrote:Go back and read my post. At no point did I say you supported the method, least of all child abuse. I was responding to your description of the book, I have no idea whether you agree with it or not, but to me it is sick and twisted and a horrible false way to coerce a child into complying with your demands.
Radical and fringe, but I get it and respect your opinion.
Now who is twisting words? I would rather a very quick minor slap on the bottom to a "spock nerve hold".
However, I do agree that no pain whatsoever should be dished out onto a child, and if that makes me a radical, then great. The world is a pretty messed up place, as you'd surely agree, so it does not worry me to go against the grain. You would understand that yourself, I bet, as someone who is happy to do the same.
I do understand. I just don't agree with your position. Not that it necessarily means my opinion is superior but I've been around the block a few more times than you have and live in a different country. I've seen the failures of "time outs" and Montessori tactics. And I have countless friends who i've seen grow up respecting, loving, and admiring the very parents who would even go so far as to make them go out in the woods and fetch a switch from the ground that would be used for their punishment.
We are living in a world that is just coming to terms with things like homosexuality, and respecting people of different races, as a species we're a little slow sometimes, but thankfully we eventually get there and recognize our previous behaviour as wrong, that's why we don't burn as many witches these days.
Just because something has been done for a long time, doesn't necessarily mean a new replacement method is superior.
.... but it doesn't mean there is not a better way.
There was a better way. A long time ago. Somewhere near the River Delta between the Tigris and Euphrates. Now, children are born with the desire to do things that aren't right, and they must be instructed in some fashion or another. Again, maybe you're lucky, but most children do not always respond when their parents say "Stop doing that Jimmy, my friend."
For someone who cries foul about people twisting words you sure do like to do it yourself.
Touché. See below.
Pain is an evolved survival mechanism, it is very useful. That does not mean we can dish it out to others as we please.
That's great... but too bad I never argued in favor of dishing out pain "as we please."


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GoFit ProGym Extreme Workout Kit
Product Information:
Challenge your muscles with the GoFit ® ProGym Extreme Workout Kit. Four resistance tubes provide many weight combinations of up to 140 lbs of resistance. Tone muscles and burn fat with the aid of two handles, two ankle straps and two wide door anchors. The kit also includes a laminated exercise manual and convenient carrying bag.
- Four premium resistance tubes including 20 lbs, 30 lbs, 40 lbs and 50 lbs
- Power tubes feature inner cord coil to reduce probability of tube snap back
- Two handles featuring easy-grip rubber
- Two reinforced and padded ankle straps
- Two wide door anchors with thick nylon webbing
- Includes laminated exercise manual and carrying bag
- Model: GF-EPGYM
- GoFit
Country of Origin: China
Web ID: 11613871
Customer Reviews:
GoFit ProGym Extreme Workout Kit
what i needed
good product to fill in with or add to my gym work out
January 27, 2015
Awesome Product!!!
This product is great perfect for a person with a busy schedule to work out at home or even take with you when traveling .Nothing but fast results
August 2, 2014
Great quality
This set was gym quality. Much better than expected.
May 15, 2014
Substandard product
I purchased this product 1 year ago. During normal use of the product ( I use for P90X workouts when traveling), 4 of the 5 bands have broken. When I contacted Gofit, they informed me the products are warrantied for 90 days. I am now down to 3 of the bands and will not use because I am concerned about the others. This was a wasted $59. This product is substandard in terms of quality and has the potential to cause injury. Keep Shopping.
February 1, 2013
This is an excellent product
I loved it. I was shopping for. My mom and she loves
January 9, 2013
great low impact workout
Nothing will ever beat free weights and gym quality machines for bulking up. The resistance bands are good for lean muscle and anaerobic exercise. I have tendonitis in some joints and the bands do not cause the inflammation free weights did.
December 20, 2012
Surprisingly well built
I have been looking at resistance systems for a while now and used a small set from another manufacturer. I am like most people and have a hard time with the idea of these things breaking during a workout and flying in my face. This set is very unique in that that I have the fullest confidence that the only thing that may break is the band itself, but the quality of these bands is on par with anything else I have seen. The straps and handles are heavy duty steel carabiners with grommets where double stitched nylon straps are fed through to minimize wear. The carabiners themselves are the type that actually interconnect when closed so that they can't expand even though I highly doubt anyone using these properly could ever bend them (I would be comfortable putting 200# of resistance on the smallest one). The plastic handles are the thickest I have seen and even have a dense, rubber sleeve for grip that looks to be quite durable and will not work itself off since it fits in a groove on the handle. The straps themselves are extremely well thought out. I would describe them, but there are a lot of features to how they are made that make them the safest resistance tubing I know of. Like I said, I have the utmost confidence that this system will not simply fly apart in pieces as I use it. The only disappointing thing is that replacement bands on the GoFit website are made with plastic construction. However, for the value I would not hesitate to simply buy another complete set in order to increase resistance or have replacement bands on hand.
December 10, 2012
Awesome for training! A must have for everyone. Can utiluze with body weight, weight training, and even stretching. You can get a workout anywhere. I only hope they continue to last long. It is very important to be cautious and take care of these so that they do not tear apart. One small tear could be the beginning to the end of a band.
August 4, 2012
Easy to Use At Home or On The Go
This product is great and sturdy, and both me and my husband can get personalized strength training from the same kit. It is easily portable and has lots of options. I have used this for physical therapy with the lowest 5lb band while my husband uses it for strength training. This can work the entire body, legs, core, and upper body. It really is awesome. Not going to break these metal clips unlike the other GoFit ProGym set with plastic clips. Save up for this one.
August 3, 2012
VERY Smelly Product
I suppose that these things do perform their purpose. The only problem is I was only able to use them once! Within 2 days of buying them and taking them out of the box, my whole house had the odor of rotting tires! These things stink so bad they gave me a headache every day that I owned them. After 5 days I threw them away. I could not stand it anymore. If you buy these do not keep them anywhere indoors.
March 10, 2012


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As e-commerce changes retailers' requirements for logistics real estate, distribution centers are adapting. The latest white paper from Prologis Research examines how this trend is shaping the future of industrial real estate. Plus: Prologis Research releases a new Industrial Business Indicator. MORE »
Building again at Prologis Park Prague D1 West was considered a bold move back in September 2013 when the speculative development was first announced. But market knowledge and customer relationships backed a smart decision that now provides Mattel with an extended distribution network. MORE »


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Enlarge / Alternate Images
Keyano Champagne & Rose Massage Oil 12 oz.
Absorb the rich, romantic, renewing bouquet of the Champagne and Rose Collection. The massage oil delivers smooth, long-lasting glide and is rich in nutrients. Perfect for couples, Valentine's Day or Mother's Day services. Paraben-Free.
Use caution when laundering linens that have been exposed to oils. Oil products are potentially combustible when exposed to heat in the dryer. Consult dryer manufacturer's guidelines for drying linens that have been exposed to oils.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration requires that MSDS be available to employees for potentially harmful substances handled in the workplace under the Hazard Communication regulation.
Material Safety Data Sheet


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Booker's Place: A Mississippi Story
In 1965, documentary filmmaker Frank DeFelitta traveled to Mississippi to shoot a film on the subject of racism in the American South. As he went about observing life in Mississippi and interviewing the locals, Frank was introduced to an African-American waiter named Booker Wright. With utter candor and a brazen lack of concern for his own well-being, Booker appeared on tape in the documentary and spoke openly and honestly about the realities of living in a racist society. This brief interview forever changed the lives of Booker and his family, and more than 40 years later, Frank's son Raymond DeFelitta returns to the site of his father's film to examine the repercussions of this fateful interview.
Cast: Frank De Felitta, Senator David Jordan, Leroy Jones, Yvette Johnson, Hodding Carter III
Produced by:
Directed by: Raymond De Felitta
Written by:
Running time:
1hr 30min
Opens: Apr 25, 2012 LA
Theaters for Today |
Pick a day
on this day. |


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quote:The logic works like this. John is forced to pay into SS to the tune of 100K during his working life. At 65 retires with a net worth of 2M. So, the means testers say "Sorry, you don't get any SS because you really don't need it."
quote:we should be able to slash everyone's expected repayment
quote:Not same as welfare since WF recipients never paid anything in.
quote:i do not think all SS/medicare participants paid in
quote:I bet people would be pissed if banks operated like this.....Oh I see you have a savings account with 100K in it, but we also see you have a 401K worth 2 million dollars. We will not be able to give you any money from your savings account but you are welcome to continue contributions. Thank you
quote: i do not think all SS/medicare participants paid in
quote:great analogy. makes total and complete sense. will read again
quote:now you are telling me that if I have some money saved up like a smart individual should when I retire that the government gets to keep all the money I gave them and not just most of it.
quote:Although honestly I don't think this matters anyway becuase I don't think SS will be around when I'm 65
quote:if you dont make a claim on an insurance policy you dont get all of the premiums you paid back, that's stupid.
quote:if they've means tested it and you don't get as much back as you originally would have, too bad. it's going to someone who needs it more.
quote:If someone would have told me SS was insurance
quote:In the United States, Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) federal program.[1] The original Social Security Act (1935)[2] and the current version of the Act, as amended[3] encompass several social welfare and social insurance programs.
quote:It needs reform, means testing, removing the cap on contributions, raising the retirement age, etc
quote:So in your world the wealthy should contribute even more and get nothing when they retire?
quote:And we have found a taker. It's my money pal. My blood,sweat, and tears went into making every dollar I have. I happen to be my favorite charity. If you are so pationate about helping the needy, then by all means do so. No one here will stop you.
quote:Raising retirement age and making people that make above the app. 100K mark pay the same 6.2% as everyone else on every dollar I can be for


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Prices and availability are subject to change from the time and date that you print this page.
3/3/2015 6:50:05 AM. For Customer Service, please call
Pickup View warehouse pickup options in your cart
The Story
Tailored to fit our Lounge Slipcovered Right Arm Sofa, smart denim slipcover is tailored with a kickpleat skirt and jumbo double topstitch outlining its high slim arm and plump, deep cushions.
Additional slipcovers available below and through stores featuring our Furniture Collection.
After you place your order, we will send a fabric swatch via next day air for your final approval. We will contact you to verify both your receipt and approval of the fabric swatch before finalizing your order.


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WestminsterResearch will not be accepting deposits until 16th March 2015. This is to allow for a system upgrade and server migration.
Items where Author is Sanders , Mark
Jump to: Batchelor, C Number of items: 1.
Batchelor, CBatchelor, Chris and Beresford, Steve and Berne, Tim and Burgess, Joby and Davies, Rhodri and Denley, Jim and Joseph, Phillip and Morris, Joe and Royannais, Damien and Rundell, Clark and Sanders , Mark and Sparling, Andrew and Thomas, Philip and Tsuji , Mifune and Ward, Alex and Fell, Simon H. (2007) Simon H. Fell's 'Composition No. 75: Positions & Descriptions'. In: Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival, 25 Nov 2007, Huddersfield, UK. |


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quote:I don't have a huge issue with Chelsea outside of Terry and Ashley Cole. I'm certainly in the minority here though.
quote:Kinda neutral.
quote:Negatives: - Bandwagon fans (gained a shite ton around 2003) - CAPTAIN. LEADER. LEGEND. - Ivanovic - Cashley - Parking the big blue bus - Arsenal Rivals - Randy Savage - Their keeper wears a damn helmet on the pitch (and yes, I remember why and I know he is awesome. It still looks retarded)
quote:Barcelona is for fags. Plus, as a Ronaldo and Madrid fanboy...
quote:I take this as a compliment.


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triptych | tri-college digital library
Loudon 9th Mon 20th 1792 Robert Pleasants Esteemed Friend The Petition thou send me. I have endeavored to get signed I have used considerable endeavor to have done, but the greater part of the people of property, especially those who have salves as property seem to hold back and have generally refused their signature offering [divrs?] Idle excuses, these have got to sign on persons of property and Reputable character Indeed have been causcious of offering it to any others, or I might had a great number of names. I left the petition with Saml Murry [?] in Lusburg to get subscribers, expecting among, tho he got but few; which detained the paper longer than I intended and prevented my getting [?], I now propose Sending the petition by the first oppportunity that appears safe if a petition had been sent Hopewell in Frederick County I suppose great Numbers would have signed it; this I was told up there might lilely been the case. I wish tho prosperity of your labour in that Righteous cause and thy [assured?] Friend John Hough PS: a few names to the petition who have slaves perhaps half do [?]


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Earth and Environmental Sciences (EESC)
Major Declaration Information Open House
Wednesday, February 15, 2012
7:00 p.m. - 7:30 p.m.
506 Schermerhorn Hall
Faculty and current students will be there to answer questions.
All are welcome - Refreshements will be served!
Economics Open House
Thursday, February 23, 2012
2:30 - 4:00 p.m.
Snacks will be served
Slavic Languages Open House
Friday, February 17, 2012
12:30 p.m. - 1:30 p.m.
709 Hamiltion
**lunch will be served
English Open House
Thursday, February 16, 2012
2:00 - 4:30 p.m.
612 Philosophy Hall
Multicultural Affairs Advisory Board (MAAB) Application
The Multicultural Affairs Advisory Board (MAAB) is a group comprised of a broad-representation of students from Columbia College, the School of Engineering and Applied Science, and the School of General Studies who work collectively toward continually enhancing the programs and services of the Office of Multicultural Affairs, evaluating the needs of our diverse undergraduate student population, identifying relevant campus issues, and promoting a campus environment of inclusion, self-awareness, inte
Learn how to fund your unpaid internship this summer!
Join us in the Center for Career Education Conference Room on February 9 at 12:30 to learn about CCE summer funding programs for CC and SEAS undergraduate students. Begin planning early to prepare for upcoming funding deadlines.
Learn more
CERC Coral Reef Ecology: Bermuda
Spring Break: Wednesday, March 14- Sunday, March 18, 2012
Bermuda is a world leader in marine conservation - and the perfect place to experience the wonder of coral reefs.
The Department of Computer Science would like to invite you to our Major Information Session. Professor Adam Cannon, the Associate Chair of the Undergraduate Education, will go over the major requirements, and current CS majors will be there to answer your questions. This is open to first-year and second-year students.
Major Information Session
Tuesday, February 28, 2012
11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.
Open Meeting Area (4th Floor of Mudd - CS Building)


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quote:sent to Riverrun
quote:Interesting. Like she sent it to Brandon personally, you mean.
quote:I still am hesitant to think she sent it via raven, even though I said that in my post.
quote: Ser Ryman and Black Walder would have none of it and left. Olyvar wanted to stay on as his squire, but Ryman did not allow it. The Greatjon thought they should attack the Freys then and there, but Robb knew that would lead to disaster
quote: Ned knew the real deal
quote:Plus I like him as Coldhands more.
quote:As does Mr. Random Numbers apparently
quote:Huh? What did I miss?
quote:Seriously, doesn't the "Stark in Winterfell" thing get to you?
quote:Seems like I remember something killing the Coldhands = Benjen thy


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1 All the other reviews are wrong!nebula83uk | 03/10/2008 | See all nebula83uk's reviews (1)Clearly everyone that reviewed this product is used to listening to their music through plastic cups and string. These are the worst headphones I've ever owned. The sound quality is horrible with hardly any bass and start to distort at anything louder than a whisper.You can find alot better for £10.
5 Excellent Quality, Great SoundXXGEOXX | 15/04/2009 | See all XXGEOXX's reviews (1)I just purchased these at £13.At this price I couldn't believe they'd be particularly good, but I needed some closed cans for the office.I didn't need to keep external sounds out - rather I wished to avoid annoying my colleagues with leaked noise, which both of my current cans suffer from terribly...I regularly use two other sets of headphones - the Sennheiser PX100 (£20-30), and the Sony MDR-SA1000 (About £100). The former being excellent portable headphones, the latter being Sony's entry-level audiophile cans.In my opinion, whilst (understandably) not as clear and defined as the SA1000 cans, the XD100 certainly manages to match the PX100 in clarity - even offering a slightly more defined mid-range and bass. I'm very impressed with the quality offered in such a cheap set of headphones.As hoped, the XD100 are pretty good at preventing sound leakage - however they will not prevent external noise from being heard.They are also surprisingly well made, considering the price. Very chunky yet light-weight, with thick cord and a strong headband. I have no doubt that these will last a long time.My only minor disappointment is that they are larger than the picture led me to believe. They're actually not much smaller than the SA1000, making them only moderately portable. As such, I'd suggest the PX100 over these if you plan to use them with an MP3 player - these are simply too chunky to carry around, despite their lightness.Otherwise, for use in situations where you'll have a backpack they can be stored in (or are simply at home), I'd strongly recommend these to anyone on a tight budget. They come with an adaptor for hifi and home cinema systems, which they'd also handle well.
5 £12.99? BUY BUY BUYLuca07 | 13/07/2007 | See all Luca07's reviews (56)Top 100 Books Reviewer Best Headphones I have ever bought.ProsI. CheapII. Great Quality SoundIII. Work with the following electronics - Laptop, PC, DVD Portable, MP3, and Television.IV. They're Sony! What more could you want?V. An Attractive dark/light grey and silver.VI. quality design AKA they don't look cheapCons1. They don't work with IPODS
5 DOES WORK WITH iPODS!BloodOmen | 09/11/2007 | See all BloodOmen's reviews (1)erm... basically what Luca07 said however, id just like to add that they do work with i-pods, although the large length of cable does make it somewhat hard to all fit in your pocket... it is possible though without discomfort. For cheap, good quality and nice looking headphones, you couldn't ask for anything more... great bargain, as with pretty much everything else on this site :)
4 Bargainlyndap | 16/07/2008 | See all lyndap's reviews (1)Ive never really had some "good" headphones before, usually just the one's that come with the device etc.. I must say for £10 you really can't go wrong. The sound is pretty decent, better than most earphones ive heard and they are so much comfier in my opinion, plus you dont get them falling out your ears like earphones. There is only one little point about these and that is that the wiring is too long, but that can be benificial sometimes. So all in all a good buy !


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Linphone is an open source SIP Phone, available on mobile and desktop environments (iOS, Android, Windows Phone 8, Linux, Windows Desktop, MAC OSX) and on web browsers.
Linphone has inside a separation between the user interfaces and the core engine, allowing to create various kinds of user interface on top of the same functionalities.
- The user interface frontends:
- Gtk+/glade interface
- The console interface (linphonec, linphonecsh)
- The iPhone application built in objective C
- The Android application running in java
- Liblinphone, the core engine: this is the library that implements all the functionalities of Linphone.
Liblinphone is a powerful SIP VoIP video SDK that anyone can use to add audio or video call capabilities to an application. It provides a high level api to initiate, receive, terminate calls. - Liblinphone relies on the following software components:
- Mediastreamer2, a powerful multimedia SDK to make audio/video streaming and processing.
- oRTP, a simple RTP library.
- belle-sip the SIP user agent library.
Console tools
Linphonec is a command line interface that can use readline on linux to get completion, history, such as bash.
Linphonecsh is another command line tool to remotely control a linphonec daemon. Unlike linphonec, linphonecsh immediately exits once the command is executed.
See the documentation tab for more information.
Others OS
- WebOS : unofficial port, see information here:
http://www.webos-internals.org/wiki/Application:Linphone - May work also on FreeBSD and OpenBSD with minor modifications to the build system.
Mobile versions
Common features
Main features:
- Audio call
- Instant Messaging
- Pictures and files sharing
- Address Book
- Languages : English, French, Japanese, Arabic
- Call History
- Display of advanced call statistics
- Echo Cancellation
- Quality of Service
- Secure communications : zRTP, TLS, SRTP
- Bluetooth headset support
Advanced features:
- Audio codecs: G711, SPEEX, G722, AMR-WB (G722.2), GSM 6.10, AMR-NB, ILBC, SILK, G729
- Integration with push notification (requires compatible SIP server)
- Nat friendly: guesses NAT address for SIP messages, uses STUN for RTP streams. Integrated ICE support (RFC5246) to allow peer to peer audio & video connections without media relay server.
- Integrated (in-app) settings
iOS additional features
Additional main features:
- HD audio and video calls
- Dedicated tablet user interface
- Multiple calls support
- Call Transfer
- Russian and Arabic languages
- Account creation assistant
Additional advanced features:
- Additional audio codec: OPUS
- Additional video codecs: H.263, H.264, MPEG-4, VP8
- Xcode 6 / iOS 8 support
- ARM64 support
- Low bandwidth mode: make audio calls over EDGE
- Blind accessibility
Android additional features
Additional main features:
- HD audio and video call
- Dedicated tablet user interface
- Multiple calls support
- Call Transfer
- Multiple accounts support
- Account creation assistant
Additional advanced features:
- Additional audio codec: OPUS
- Additional video codecs: H.263, H.264, MPEG-4, VP8
- Low bandwidth mode: make audio calls over EDGE
Windows Phone 8
Additional advanced features:
- Additional audio codec: OPUS
- Additional video codecs: H.264
Desktop versions (Linux, MacOSX and Windows Desktop)
The Gtk2 graphical interface is running on Linux, Windows and MacOSX.
- Linux/x86 and Linux/x86-64
- Windows XP, Vista, 7 and 8
- MacOS X x86: audio and video. You can download a standalone bundle from this website or, use macports.
- Linux/ARM: without graphical interface. Linphonec or liblinphone are good candidates to provide the software stack of an hardware phone or hardware communication system.
- Linux/Blackfin: The uclinux.org project maintains a port of linphone for blackfin processors, without gui. Performance are impressive. See here for details.
Main features:
- HD Audio and video call
- Audio conference
- Call transfer
- Call recording (audio only)
- Languages: English, French, Arabic, Russian, Serbian, German
- Call History
- Presence
- Address Book
- Echo Cancellation
- Quality of Service
- Secure communications (TLS, SRTP, zRTP)
Advanced features:
- Audio codecs: G711, SPEEX, G722, AMR-WB (G722.2), GSM 6.10, AMR-NB, ILBC, SILK, G729, OPUS
- Video codecs: H.263, H.264, MPEG-4, VP8
- Nat friendly: guesses NAT address for SIP messages, uses STUN for RTP streams. Integrated ICE support (RFC5246) to allow peer to peer audio & video connections without media relay server.
- UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) to allows device-to-device networking of personal computers, networked home appliances and wireless devices
- Integrated settings
- Ability to configure multiple proxy accounts with different transports (UDP, TCP, TLS)
- Supports simultaneous usage of IPv6 and IPv4
- Permits users to choose between video rendering method on Linux
- Ability to use keyboard to input DTMF
Liblinphone-level improvements provided by the new "belle-sip" SIP stack:
- Allows multiple SIP transports simultaneously
- Supports simultaneous usage of IP Stacks: IPv6 and IPv4
- Integrates a fully asynchronous behavior which should decrease lengthy DNS interactions and connections
- Supports the sip.instance parameter (RFC5626)
- Supports the alias parameter (RFC5923)
- Improves management of network disconnections
- Handles SIP/TLS handled through the lightweighted polarssl library (instead of openssl)
- Adds improved SIP transaction state machines (RFC6026)
- Integrates privacy APIs (RFC3323, RFC3325)
- Supports rich presence in (RFC4480)
- Improves the handling of Sips scheme in URIs.
Web Plugin
See the dedicated page.
Linphone is dual licensed. It can be licensed and distributed :
- under GNU GPLv2 license - for free (open source).
- under proprietary and commercial license to be used in closed source applications. Contact Belledonne Communications for costs and other service information.
Download :
Distros packages : Debian & Ubuntu
Linphone is included in Debian and Ubuntu linux distributions: you can then install it in a few seconds using your favourite package manager or in a console using
sudo apt-get install linphone
See linphone page on debian and ubuntu websites:
Source code
Clone linphone sources with git :
Project | git |
linphone, including:
git clone git://git.linphone.org/linphone.git --recursive |
git clone git://git.linphone.org/linphone-iphone.git --recursive |
git clone git://git.linphone.org/linphone-android.git --recursive |
git clone git://git.linphone.org/linphone-wp.git --recursive |
For those who are behind a proxy :
You can change the access method from git:// to http:// as follows:
Normal git access:
git clone git://git.linphone.org/msilbc.git
Behind a proxy, use http access:
git clone http://git.linphone.org/git/msilbc.git
Codec plugins
We provide codec plugins:
- msx264: H264 encoder plugin using x264 encoder
- msilbc: iLBC codec plugin based on c code extracted from IETF RFC page. Source code can be extracted using git repo git://git.linphone.org/libilbc-rfc3951
- msamr: AMR narrowband plugin based on opencore-amr project. Informative note: AMR usage is governed by a patent license to be acquired from patent holders.
- mssilk: A SILK plugin based on the Skype implementation. Informative note: SILK usage is governed by a patent license to be acquired from Skype.
- msbcg729: A G729 plugin based on our own G729A implementation. Informative note: G729 usage is governed by a patent license to be acquired from Sipro lab.
Download plugins in source code
Download windows binary plugins
Daily builds (testing)
Every day some binary packages generated from the current git state are uploaded at http://www.linphone.org/snapshots . It is worth to visit it if you want to test and see the latest changes, especially when a long time has elapsed since the last official stable release. These snapshots are generated automatically and not tested, some features might be broken from time to time.
The instructions are in the README file distributed with the sources.
Linphone command line tools
Linphonec is a terminal based version of linphone that reads commands from the user prompt.
$ linphonec
Warning: video is disabled in linphonec, use -V or -C or -D to enable.
Place an outgoing call
linphonec> call sip:firstname.lastname@example.com
Alternatively, if someproxy.net is your default proxy configuration (entered via 'proxy add' command), you call simply like this
linphonec> call 594305005
Terminate a call
linphonec> terminate
At any time you can list available commands using 'help':
linphonec> help
Commands are:
call Call a SIP uri
chat Chat with a SIP uri
terminate Terminate the current call
answer Answer a call
autoanswer Show/set auto-answer mode
proxy Manage proxies
soundcard Manage soundcards
webcam Manage webcams
staticpic Manage static pictures when nowebcam
ipv6 Use IPV6
refer Refer the current call to the specified destination.
nat Set nat address
stun Set stun server address
firewall Set firewall policy
call-logs Calls history
friend Manage friends
play play from a wav file
record record to a wav file
quit Exit linphonec
register Register in one line to a proxy
unregister Unregister from default proxy
duration Print duration in seconds of the last call.
status Print various status information
ports Network ports configuration
speak Speak a sentence using espeak TTS engine
codec Audio codec configuration
vcodec Video codec configuration
ec Echo cancellation
mute Mute microphone and suspend voice transmission.
unmute Unmute microphone and resume voice transmission.
nortp-on-a Set the rtp_no_xmit_on_audio_mute configuration parameter
Type 'help <ltcommand>' for more details.
Linphonecsh - control a linphonec daemon
Linphonecsh is a console utility to send non-blocking commands to an instance of linphonec runnning in the background.
Here is an example to run within your favourite shell and terminal:
$ linphonecsh init
#register to a proxy
$ linphonecsh register --host myproxy.net --username bill --password thisisasecret
#dial out
$ linphonecsh dial "sip:firstname.lastname@example.com"
#terminate the call
$ linphonecsh hangup
#linphonecsh can transmit any command understood by linphonec using the 'generic' keyword
$ linphonecsh generic "proxy list"
#exit the daemon
$ linphonecsh exit
This feature is still being developed, stay connected to svn if you use it !
What could be the applications of this tool ? For example:
- run VoIP calls from scripts
- from web cgi pages
Configuration file documentation
Linphone has a linphonerc configuration file in which all SIP, RTP, sound, video settings are read and stored. By default no configuration file is required and linphone always generates a default one at first startup.
Most of the parameters are used internally by accessors of liblinphone (ex: linphone_core_set/get_audio_port()) and thus do not need to be accessed directly by editing the config file.
However some parameters are related to fine grained settings: noise gate, echo canceler parameters, echo limiter etc.
Follows here a description of sound related tunables and a documented linphonerc config file with all settings.
Echo canceller
Linphone uses an echo canceller from libspeexdsp. Filter tail length, echo delay and frame size can be changed.
#turn on/off echo cancellation
#Expected delay of echo in milliseconds
#Use this when you have a fixed latency in the sound hardware.
#This allows to reduce the tail length of the echo canceller, which speeds up convergence
#and reduces complexity of computations.
#Tail length of echo canceller in milliseconds.
#Ideally it should be no more than the expected duration of the echo.
#Frame size for AU-MDF echo canceller algorithm
#This is a parameter internal to the echo canceller, recommended is too keep to its default value.
Echo limiter
The echo limiter is an algorithm that consists in lowering the gain of the mic input when the speaker is talking. Combined with the noise gate (see next section) it gives good results when the echo canceller no more works, because of non linear distorsion (saturation) of the echo path.
Its drawback is that it turns the call in a kind of automatic half-duplex mode, which makes impossible to interrupt the person who is talking.
#Enables echo limiter
#this basically consists in lowering the mic input (in software)
#when the speaker level is above a certain threshold
#the attenuation is made proportionnal to the speaker detected level
#el_speed parameter: gain changes are smoothed with a coefficent
#el_speed is this coefficient. It's a value between 0 and 1
#0.1 is already very fast, 0.001 is very low
#default value is 0.03
#recommendation is to keep it unchanged
#el_thres parameter
#Threshold above which the system becomes active.
#It is a normalized power, between 0 and 1.
#Default value is 0.1
# A smaller value can be better.
#el_force parameter
#The proportional coefficient controlling the mic attenuation.
#Default value is 10
#el_sustain parameter
#Time in milliseconds for which the attenuation is kept unchanged after
#resuming from speech to silence on the network->speaker channel.
#This is a very important parameter that needs to be adjusted
#to take in account the latency of the sound card/driver.
#Indeed when the echo limiter sees there is no more energy going to the
#speaker, there can be still some audio buffers pending to be played
#in the audio driver. These buffers are out of control of the application
#and will generate echo as they are non-silence.
#The purpose of the parameter is to keep the mic attenuated
#for some time until the echo of these buffer is finished.
#100 ms is a reasonable value to start, can be higher depending
#on the hardware.
Noise gate
The goal of the noise gate is to remove (or attenuate a lot) the background noise heared by the microphone. Noise and speech are distinguished using an energy threshold. The use of the noise gate can prevent feedback to produce between two devices running linphone.
#The noise gate is located just after mic input
#Tells whether noise gate is active:
#Noise gate threshold in linear power between 0 and 1:
#Above this threshold the noise gate becomes bypass.
#Noise gate's floorgain: gain applied to the signal when its energy is below the threshold.
#It is expect to be low so that noise is attenuated.
A parametric equalizer can be used to recover from speakers with bad spectral response. The frequency response of the equalizer is entirely configurable.
#equalizer: it is located before speaker output
#Tells whether equalizer is active.
#equalizer gains.
#It is a list of triplets ::
#for example:
#eq_gains=300:0.1:100 700:0.2:250
Miscellaneous audio parameters
#Automatic gain control (of mic input) - turns on or off:
#static software gain (linear scale) to be applied to microphone signal
#static software gain (log scale) to be applied to signal sent to speaker
#Enable or disable DC removal of mic input:
Linphonerc sample file documented
#sound device name used for playback, as listed in linphonec by "soundcard list"
playback_dev_id=ALSA: default device
#sound device name used for ringing, as listed in linphonec by "soundcard list"
ringer_dev_id=ALSA: default device
#sound device name used for capture, as listed in linphonec by "soundcard list"
capture_dev_id=ALSA: default device
#Alsa special device name
# This option allows to specify a special ALSA card (as defined in ALSA asoundrc config files)
# to be used by linphone. This card can then be referred by playback_dev_id, ringer_dev_id, capture_dev_id options.
# Use this if you are able to understand asoundrc syntax and you know what you are doing.
#wav file to play to advertise remote ringing
#wav file to play to advertise incoming calls
#turn on/off echo cancellation
#Expected delay of echo in milliseconds
#Use this when you have a fixed latency in the sound hardware.
#This allows to reduce the tail length of the echo canceller, which speeds up convergence
#and reduces complexity of computations.
#Tail length of echo canceller in milliseconds.
#Ideally it should be no more than the expected duration of the echo.
#Frame size for AU-MDF echo canceller algorithm
#This is a parameter internal to the echo canceller, recommended is too keep to its default value.
#static software gain (linear scale) to be applied to microphone signal
#static software gain (log scale) to be applied to signal sent to speaker
#Size of sent video among these names: QCIF, QVGA, CIF, VGA, SVGA
#Whether video is enabled:
#You can refine whether it is enabled for display or capture or both
#Show local preview between calls.
#Show local view during calls, in a corner of the video window
#Webcam name for capture
device=V4L2: /dev/video0
#Estimated download bandwidth in kbit/s
#The bandwidth settings are used to control the bitrate of video (and sometimes audio) encoder, as well
#as limiting the size or fps of the sent video.
#Estimated upload bandwidth in kbit/s
#Firewall policy:
# 0: assume there is no nat
# 1: use firewall address supplied in "nat_address" item (discouraged)
# 2: use STUN to discover its own public IP address and ports
# 3: use ICE.
#Network's Maximum Transmission Unit
# Use 0 to allow automatic discovery, otherwise set to a number of bytes.
# This parameter is only meaningful with video streams for which RTP packets are big.
#STUN server address to use when in firewall_policy=2
#Firewall address to use when in firewall_policy=1
#SIP port used
#Discover automatically local IP address
#Contact address when no proxy is used
# The host port is always overriden at runtime if guess_hostname
# is set to 1.
#Incoming call answering timeout
#Use SIP INFO to send DTMFs (digits)
#Use RFC2833 (out of band DTMFs) to send digits
#Use IPv6. caution: it is exclusive with IPv4.
#Send registers only when network is up
#Default proxy to use (the number is the index of the proxy configuration in this config file)
# Use -1 for no proxy.
#Keepalive period in milliseconds for sending out SIP UDP keepalive to the proxies.
#When answering to SDP offers, select only one codec,
#instead of replying with all matching codecs.
#Send an OPTIONS message before doing outgoing calls
#This is used by Linphone to workaround some NAT problems inherent to SIP.
#This is highly recommended.
#Network state automatic monitoring
# When set to 1, linphone will periodically monitor the network state (by checking whether it is possible
# to reach the internet).
# When the operating system has callbacks to notify such information, you can use
# linphone_core_set_network_reachable() to notify the core, in which case no network monitoring will be done internally.
#Audio RTP (UDP) port
#Video RTP (UDP) port
#Nominal audio jitter buffer size in milliseconds
#Nominal video jitter buffer size in milliseconds
#RTP timeout in seconds: when no RTP or RTCP
# packets are received for this period, the running call is
# automatically closed.
# These sections are named audio_codec_X, where X is a number.
# This number identifies the position of the described codec
# in the core's audio codec list.
# sub-mime type as defined in RFC3551 or codec's specific RFC:
# RTP clock-rate as defined in RFC3551 or codec's specific RFC:
# Tells whether is codec is enabled
# Fmtp (format parameters) string to be sent in SDP for this codec, which
# corresponds usually to what we are prefering to receive.
# RFC3551 or codec's specific RFC describes the allowed parameters.
# These sections are named video_codec_X, where X is a number.
# This number identifies the position of the described codec
# in the core's video codec list.
# sub-mime type as defined in RFC3551 or codec's specific RFC:
# RTP clockrate as defined in RFC3551 or codec's specific RFC, usually 90000 for video payloads.
# Tells whether the codec is enabled
# Fmtp (format paramters) string to be sent in SDP for this codec, which
# corresponds usually to what we are prefering to receive.
## SIP Proxy configuration
# Like with audio_codec, it is possible to define several proxy configuration in the
# form of [proxy_X] section, where X is a number.
#SIP address of the proxy
#SIP identity for which you are known on this proxy:
#Expiration period of the registration in seconds
#Whether to send a register or not
#Route: SIP server address to send all outgoing SIP requests
#It is usually left blank, otherwise it is commonly used to specify this proxy
#must be used as an outbound proxy, for example:
# reg_route=sip:example.net
#Send a PUBLISH request to the proxy to notify about presence information (online, busy, out to lunch)
#whether "+" in phone numbers should be replaced by 00
#Phone number prefix to be applied to entered destinations.
#Example: prefix=+33
# Similarly, several auth_info_X can be defined
# Authentication information is kept distinct from proxy information
# because there can be authentication challenges from proxies or user
# agents even if we are not registered to any proxy.
#SIP username
#sip userid (usually the same as username, don't specify unless you know what you are doing)
#password associated with above username, userid and realm
#SIP authentication realm (= authentication domain), can be left empty if realm is not known.
#SIP favourite contacts (friends, buddies...)
# Again it is represented as a family of [friend_X] sections.
#SIP address of buddy
#Policy for incoming SUBSCRIBEs for presence. Can be:
# accept : we accept to share our presence status with this person
# deny : we don't want to share our presence status with this person
# Send SUBSCRIBEs for presence to this person, so that
# we are notified about her presence information.
#Other stuff stored in config files that are not configuration items but rather
#persistent information stored in the same place. They are not described here just but
#mentionned for information:
# call_logs_X : call history items
Where can I have a ~/.linphonerc config file ?
You don't need a ~/.linphonerc config file: linphonec automatically creates one during the first startup. There are commands within linphonec to set various parameters. Only a few ones will require to modify manually the config file.
Is there any windows port of linphone ?
Yes, windows XP is totally supported since october 2008.
I have many compilation errors when cross-compiling for ARM-linux !
Cross compilation is not easy: follow the instructions given in the README.arm within linphone's source.
I have audio problems during calls, what can I do ?
Especially on ARM-linux or old versions of linux, the audio devices are often managed with OSS drivers. Linphone, because it uses full-duplex audio and needs low-latency I/O, doesn't work very well with OSS drivers. You should prefer using ALSA drivers and choose the ALSA default device from the Sound Tab of the property box or using the 'soundcard' command of linphonec.
Does linphone work behind firewalls ? What are the ports used ?
Yes it works in most cases. The simplest way to achieve this is to active STUN support from the configuration box. You 'll need to enter the name of a STUN server, for examplestunserver.org. If your firewall or gateway does UDP masquerading, it should work without problem.
You may want to restrict the open ports on the firewall: you need at least to preserve the SIP port (udp/5060), the audio rtp port (udp/7078) and the video rtp port (udp/9078). All those ports are configurable from linphone, but keeping 5060 for SIP is highly recommended.
Customising audio and video ports is recommended when using several linphone behind a same NAT so that they don't share same port numbers on the NAT. They must be even numbers.
The video quality is awful ! I don't even recognize the person I'm talking with !
this is probably because the video stream is overflowing your internet connection bandwidth, resulting in truncated, dropped or late video packets which makes the image really awful. It is important that you tell linphone about the bandwidth limits (upload and download) of your internet connection. For that go to the 'codec' tab of the property box. Note that a minimum of 128 kbit/s are necessary in upload and download for video to work. The H264 plugin increases the video quality a lot.


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Tuor wrote:top gear tony 666 wrote:I didn't know people still pronounce it that way. Seems kinda pointless.
Why's that?
Hmm, I seetop gear tony 666 wrote:Tuor wrote:top gear tony 666 wrote:I didn't know people still pronounce it that way. Seems kinda pointless.
Why's that?
Just a personal preference more than anything. But pronouncing the Japanese name just seems like waisted extra effort to try and type, pronounce and say when the English translation is usually a direct translation and easier.
I do not usually talk to people about things I like but back before the anime was released and it became mainstream, everyone I spoke to who had read it all called it Shingeki no Kyojin. I suspect that is because that was what it was called on the sight I read it on though.Hiroko wrote:I don't think very many people actually call it "Shingeki no Kyojin."
Stuffaluffagus wrote:It's not because characters I don't want to die, die..it's how. And the aftermath. The newest episode made me want to die.
top gear tony 666 wrote:So there's this new Higurashi OVA out. http://www.animefreak.tv/watch/higurashi-no-naku-koro-ni-kaku-outbreak-episode-1-online.
"Whoo!" Say's the masses. But don't start putting lotion on your thighs yet people, because the standard of writing we are dealing with here is below fanfiction quality. What a let down, was really hoping this would amount to something.
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text:
Mathias wrote:Domestic insects are not as intelligent as other Domestics. They cannot speak and have limited brain capacity. What makes them "domestic" is their size and sometimes bipedalism. However, even though their brains are limited, they're not stupid. They can communicate with others through body language. But, they are not capable of complex thought processes or actions such as the ones you've described.
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