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quote:Go take a look at the R&D tax credit that refunds up to 40% of a qualified company's expenditures related to the research and development of a product. I can keep going...
quote:He cannot find an incentive of any kind outside the DM and film tax credit that is rebated in cash, is unlimited and is tied to operating expenses.
quote:quote: Wrong. Those are not redeemable or transferrable. The company has to use it against tax they generate. They are refundable and have been since 2009.
quote:IF they are they suck too.
quote:The Digital Interactive Media and Software Development Incentive provides a tax credit of 25% of qualified production expenditures for state-certified digital interactive productions in Louisiana and 35% tax credit for payroll expenditures for Louisiana residents.
quote:Are more than 50% of Jim's BBQ pits being sold outside the state? If not, then he isn't an economic generator.
quote:Since when are production expenditures and payroll not operating expenses???
quote:None of your damn business where he does business.
quote:I avoided piles of state taxes over the years because I knew something's about industrial tax exemptions and buying movie credits.
quote:all you need to know about R&D quote: IF they are they suck too. Btw, I love your logic. You beg for me to show you other industries that can benefit like DM insinuating that it isnt fair for other business. I then show you an incentive, and now it sucks. Classic.
quote:It is when we are talking about multipliers and the benefit of the state.
quote:give companies in those industries unfair advantages in purchasing and labor.
quote:quote: give companies in those industries unfair advantages in purchasing and labor. Do tell...
quote:Are they not buying their labor and their other expenses 25-35% cheaper since they are getting a cash reimbursement from taxpayers?
quote:You think the savings are up front? As in they can pay an employee 35% less?
quote:You do not have the mental capacity to calculate and understand the full ramifications of targeted welfare programs
quote:And the industrial property tax exemption is not a reduction in state taxes
quote:Same impact is it not


text: GALLERIES Ellen Degeneres Shia LeBeouf Shia LeBeouf Noureen DeWulf Noureen DeWulf BFREE Launch BFREE Launch Helen Wong - Graffiti Photo Shoot Helen Wong - Graffiti Photo Shoot Coming Next OR 0 114 Back to Top ▲ Ellen Degeneres Ellen Degeneres Ellen Degeneres Gallery AskMen Editors Share on Facebook Share on Twitter 0 Shares Up until 2010, Ellen DeGeneres was perhaps best known as the talk show host of her namesake daytime series, The Ellen DeGeneres Show. Having initially made her claim to fame as a stand-up comic and groundbreaking prime-time television comedienne (as the lesbian lead of Ellen and The Ellen Show), she made the transition to talk show host with ease -- no thanks to a lot of dancing in the audience… Continue reading Ellen DeGeneres's profile. Next Page gallery news Comments Show Comments More Like This Promoted Around the Web Special Features

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We are excited that you will be joining the Watkins community. This page is designed to answer your questions and to help you move forward with the enrollment process at Watkins College of Art, Design & Film. If you have any questions that are not addressed here, remember that the admissions counselors are just a phone call or an email away- firstname.lastname@example.com or call us at 1.866.887.6395.
Now that you have been accepted it is time to take the next steps towards enrolling at Watkins College of Art, Design & Film.
When you receive the letter telling you that your application for admission has been accepted you will be asked to submit a $100 non-refundable deposit to secure you place in the incoming class. This amount, after deposited, will be held and then applied to your tuition upon registration. You can make this deposit electronically at our payments page. Payment can also be made by check or, if you prefer to pay by card over the phone, call the admissions office. You will get a letter confirming our receipt of the deposit. If your contact information changes between the time you apply and the start of the semester, please be sure to let the admissions office know by emailing them at email@example.com.
International Applicants – The required deposit for international applicants is $2000; however, if, after depositing, you need to cancel your acceptance before enrollment, all but $100 will be refunded to you.
Applicants who are accepted for admission and pay the admissions deposit can, if necessary, defer entry one semester only.. Accepted and deposited applicants can defer only once and must enroll the next semester immediately following the semester of acceptance (excluding Maymester/Summer semesters). Applicants who do not enroll within one semester of acceptance are required to reapply for admission and will forfeit their original $100 enrollment deposit.
Orientation packets be sent in mid-July for fall entry students and mid-November for spring entry. You can check the Orientation page for general information or contact firstname.lastname@example.com with any additional questions.
If you haven't already filed your FAFSA form, you will want to do it as soon as you can. Filling out the FAFSA is a necessary step to help us determine what sort of financial aid you will be eligible for at Watkins. Just go to www.fafsa.ed.gov and complete the process. If you have already filed your FAFSA you should contact our Financial Aid office to make sure that they have received all of your paperwork. Make sure you put the proper code on your form to release the information to Watkins (031276). If you have questions for the financial aid office, You can email them at email@example.com.
Certain financial aid files are selected for "Verification". This can be random, sort of like airport screening, or it can mean that the FAFSA has detected something on your filing that needs to be verified. Either way, it is extremely important you respond to the request for verification as quickly as possible. The financial aid process cannot move forward until you do. If you have any questions, contact the financial aid office right away – firstname.lastname@example.com.
If you haven't had a chance to check out our campus yet, now is a perfect time to set up a visit! Visiting campus will give you a first hand look at what being at student here is like, and will also give you the opportunity to sit in on classes, meet the faculty and mingle with current students. Call (615.277.7418) or email the admissions office to set up your visitation schedule. You can also schedule a visit on line
Check out these links for more information about the things you need to know about!
Phone: 615.383.4848
Toll Free: 866-887-6395
You will be given a date to move into the on-campus housing, usually the Saturday before new student orientation. Student Services, including orientation leaders and other student volunteers will be on hand to guide you through the process and help carry your belongings to your new apartment. That evening there will be information and question and answer sessions to attend.
Approximately one month before the beginning of the semester you will receive a packet of information from The Office of Student Life about move-in, orientation and other information that will be very important for you to know. Be sure to read everything carefully and call or email with any questions. Your parents, if applicable, are also invited to some of the orientation activities. Any questions should be submitted to the Office of Student Life at firstname.lastname@example.com. The packet you receive will include a schedule of orientation activities that new students are required to attend. If you feel you cannot attend for some reason, you must contact the director of student services as soon as possible at firstname.lastname@example.com. At orientation you will receive very important information about academic policies and you will meet as a group with the faculty of the program you are entering. Also, there are parent information and financial aid sessions. Most importantly, you will receive and appointment to meet with your advisor to prepare for registration. You must meet with your advisor before you will be allowed to register.
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quote:Not really. I've known a few boys that did that. Most of the time they were the ones with medals on the jacket. The ones who do it as a fashion statement rarely have the medals to go along with the top.
quote:but it was just a job.
quote:I'm going to guess that he was banned for being a hell of a lot more of a nuisance than just politely pointing something out.
quote:I don't see a problem with that
quote:Ive been there and done that and no it isnt a big deal. The kid wasnt portraying himself as military
quote:who has never lost someone who served their Countrey
quote:They actually told you that? Did they fight in a war or did they do their time in peace?
quote:Fox Mulder
quote: it's about how it was handled after it was addressed
quote:4,6, or 8
quote:Are you trolling
quote:Why do people always seem to take beef with the ENTIRE company and want to boycott them when it's an issue with a SPECIFIC STORE MANAGER. They should be looking for an apology from the store manager, the entire company shouldn't be at fault for what one person did.
quote:It's called accountability
quote:I suppose you view things differently after doing something for 30 years rather than 4,6, or 8
quote:Are you a redneck?
quote:It wasn't about the jacket. I was willing to let it go. I was done with it
quote:policies of their stores
quote:actions/inactions of their personnel.
quote: People can wear whatever the frick they want
quote: this guy sounds like a major handjob.


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\ e News \ VOL. XX, No. 6 BRYN MAWR AND WAYNE, PA, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1933 i ^ft'&V8��*'��1 COLLEGE NEWS. 1933 PRICE 10 CENTS Faculty is Engaged In Varied Research Many Books and Articles Arc Scheduled for Publication In Near Future DEAN WRITES HISTORY Faculty answers to a questionnaire sent out recently by the Publication Office show the members of the Bryn Mawr academic staff engaged in re- search on a wide variety of problems. A number of books and articles have appeared this fall, and others will be published in the near future. Dean Manning heads the list with her volume on British Colonial Gov- ernment After the American Revo- lution (178t-l8S0), the writing of which has occupied much of her spare time during the past twelve years. It is scheduled for release by the Yale University Press, November 21. A volume by Dr. Carpenter on The Humanistic Value of Archaeology was published in September by the Harvard University Press. The bdok is the fourth in the series of Martin Classical Lectures, which are deliv- ered annually at Oberlin College. Dr. Carpenter is Charles Eliot Norton Lecturer for the Archaeological In- stitute of America, and Dr. Swindler i~ editor-in-chief of the American Journal of Archaeology. Dr. Cad bury is preparing for the publication of the annual catalogue of George Fox; One of the new volumes of the En- cyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, now in press, contains an article by Mrs. Forest on pre-school education. In its current issue the PMLA (Publications of the Modern Lan- guage Association of America) runs an article by M. Canu entitled "Lit- terature et Geographie," and another by Miss Frank on "AOI in the Chan- son de Roland." Dr. Max Diez's College German, which is to be issued by the Oxford University Press, has already been mentioned in the News. The Modern Language Association is printing a series of four articles by Dr. Diez on Metapher and Marchengestalt (Fort- setzung), and an article entitled "The Principle of the Dominant Metaphor and Werther" is scheduled to appear in the Journal of English and Ger- manic Philology. In the Geology Department, Dr. Watson has nearly finished his mono- graph, The Petrology of the San Carlos Mountains, Tamaulipas, Mex- ico, which will probably be issued this winter by the University of Michi- gan. Dr. Dryden has completed the manuscript fer his Geology of Charles County, Maryland, and is half through work on The Stratigraphy of the Calvert Formation. Both will appear as publications of the Mary- land Geological Survey. Dr. Wyck- off is doing the petrographic work for a paper being prepared in collabora- tion with Professor Meyerhoff, of Smith College, on the geology of the Arecibo district, Puerto Rico. The New York Academy of Sciences will be the publishers. Dr. David's edition of De Expug- natione Lyxbonensi, which he has prepared for the Columbia University Records of Civilization series, is now (Contlnuea on Page Five) Student Industrial m Miss Gladys Palmer, a teacher at the Bryn Mawr Summer School, led a discussion on the NRA at the first meeting of the Student-Industrial Group, held last Wednesday evening in the Common Room. Nobody, Miss Palmer declared, has suffered so much from the depression as the industrial worker. At the peak of unemployment last May, 40 per cent, of all those usually gainfully employed in Philadelphia were with- out jobs. Only a third of the popu- lation was working as usual. The NRA was intended primarily to re- lieve the emergency. The workers present told how the NRA has af- fected hours, wages, and conditions of employment in their industries. Dr. Grenf ell Comments On Labrador's Wealth Grenfell Mission is Trying to Place Country on Sound Economic Basis STOCK IS EUROPEAN In Goodhart Hall, Friday night, Sir Wilfred Grenfell, who has given for- ty-one years of his life to enriching the life of the people of Laborador, gave^an illustrated lecture on this little-known coutry in an effort to raise money for the Grenfell Associa- tion. Labrador is on the continent of North America, approximately oppo- site England and Scotland, but much colder in climate because of currents from the Arctic regions. That it once had a large population is prov- ed by the fact that the early colon- ists from England and France found it inhabited by great numbers of Mongolians, Eskimos and Indians. This civilization was apparently de- stroyed by the European fishermen who fished in great numbers every summer along the coast, and by the fact that the natural resources of the land were cruelly wasted. Forest fires laid waste the great wooded tracts; there were no game preserves and the fisheries were not conserved. "Labrador was the pathway through which Europe came to America," and the impoverished state of the present inhabitants, many of them of English, Scotch, French and Irish stock, points to the vandalism of the col- onists who passed through on their way south and west. The Grenfell Association is endeav- oring to bring the schools, hospitals and churches of civilization to this region, which is not far geographic- ally from the centers of our modern life, but which is totally ignorant of (Continued on Page Four) CALENDAR Thurs., Nov. 16. Shaw lec- ture conference. Deanery, 2 to 4 P. M. � Sun., Nov. 19. Chapel. Mu- sical service�anthems by the choir and organ solos of com- positions of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Music Room, 7.30 P. M. Mon., Nov. 20. Second team hockey vs. Philadelphia C. C, 4.00 P. M. Mon., Nov. 20. Fourth of the Anna Howard Shaw Memorial lectures. Mrs. Slade will speak on The Far East. Tues., Nov. 21. Shaw lec- ture conference. Deanery, 2 to 4 P. M. Tues., Nov. 21. Meeting of the International" Relations Club. Tea at 4.30 in the Com- mon Room. Thurs., Nov. 23. Shaw lec- ture conference. Deanery, 2 to 4 P. M. Fashion Show Emphasizes New Vogue for Elegance The forecasts for winter weather in women's fashions are not so stormy as we were led to believe ear- lier in the season from the influx of Trotesquely pointed hats and the Mae West fad for feathers and ruffles. At least Wanamaker's Fashion Show, held in the Common Room last Thurs- day afternoon, presented no more in- timidating aspects than the "big, bad wolf" motif in everything from 'ports clothes to evening wraps. The authorities on sports clothes, we conservatives are pleased to note, still include as acceptable the eminent- ly practical twin sweater set and the full cut swagger coat for general wear. We have the added boon this winter of imaginative design and col- or in these as well as in costumes for skiing and skating enthusiasts. More formal wear also shows an. nmiable whimsicality among the de- signers; we are to romp Sunday night in dresses of inconspicuous col- or and line enhanced by decorative treatment at the shoulder, neck, and down the back. Satin flowers and hows in constrasting color, and sil- ver buttons, spangles, and bugles are used to gain an effect of ele- gance. Evening dresses, however, give freest rein for originality. The de- �i�*ners run riot with velvets and sliv- ver satins, and then cut them flatter- msrly to emphasize such" glamorous strains as Andalusian costume tra- ditions and the Marlene Dietrich mode. Clips and bows are again pop- ular in formal fashions as decora- tions for the neckline, which this year is hieh in front, most frequently de- scending from covered shoulder lines to a low, sauared decolletage. Then, to top all of this, ingenious designers give us choice between such fetching evening wraps as a botw cape of black velvet and a Viennese wrap in dark red velvet, carrying out the "big, bad wolf" Idea in its full cut shoulders and adding a touch of medi- eval demureness by attaching a monk's hood as a collar to the coat. Art Club Gives Members Real Practice in Drawing (Especially Contributed by Ellen Stone, '36) The Bryn Mawr Art Club origi- nated in 1926 as a small group of interested students who wanted to do .some practical work in drawing and painting. The club was successful and managed to acquire an endow- ment fund, an enrollment of forty members, and an instructor. This year, the Art Club has re- turned to a more modest program. The idea is to get some real practice in drawing. The group meets every Saturday morning in the basement of the gym. So far, it has worked from life, being fortunate in having a model. This life drawing, and also modelling, will be varied With draw- ing or painting from the head and from a costumed model. The attention of the Art Club has, thus far, been concentrated on draw- ing. It is felt, however, that work in painting could also be accomplish- ed, studies of the head, and sketch- ing trips in the near vicinity. Also, if any member has an inter- est in any other branch of art such as etching or block print work or modellings, the club is more than willing to help. The supplies of the club, at present, are limited, and it is felt that for this year at least members will have to furnish their own equipment for work in oils or etching. As the Art Club has some capital, besides the dues of the members, it may seem contradictory that it should not be eager to undertake more am- bitious flights in the realm of art. But, after all, college is not an art school. Those people at college, in- terested enough in art to make time for it, are interested zealously, and there is no better training for any branch of work in art than actual and continued practice in drawing. The club hopes soon to be able to pro- cure the criticism of an instructor, if only for part time. It hopes to in- clude both those who want to contin- ue and improve their work in art. and those who are interested but who have had little or no experience. To sum up: the Art Club wel- comes new members, with real inter- est the only qualification for member- ship; and it welcomes new ideas. It is trying to make possible real work and practice in the essentials of art which are possible to get at college and, at present, is not trying to fill the place of a full time and many- sided art school. NEWS All those who have not been receiving their copies of the News regularly, or whose sub- scriptions have not yet been registered by the business board and, consequently, did not appear on the current Pay Day, will please see either Dor- othy Kalbach or M argot Ber- olzheimer, Pem West. Mrs. Dean and Dr. Fairchild Agree Russia Is Stable at End of First Five Year Plan Program for Industrialization Has Been 93.7% Successful; Soviet Is Emerging From Isolation and Assuming Destined Role of Great Power DIPLOMACY AIMS AT MAINTENANCE OF PEACE "Today the Soviet Union is emerg- ing from the comparative isolation to which it had been condemned by economic weakness and world hostil- ity, and is assuming the role of a great power," declared Mrs. Vera Micheles Dean, in her lecture which followed that of Miss Fairchild on the Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia in the Period of the Five-Year Plan. Improvement in the agricultural sit- uation has given the Soviet Govern- ment greater freedom in the conduct Of international relations. At the close of the war, Soviet leaders were convinced that capital- ism had reached the last stages of decay, and that a new world struggle would soon arise, culminating in world revolution. They consequently welcomed all attempts at proletarian revolts in neighboring states, notably Germany and Hungary, and with the aid of the Third (Communist) Inter- national, established in Moscow in 1919, fostered Communism through- out the world. Soviet championship of wqrld revolution from 1917-21 was not calculated to win the friendship of capitalist states, which sought to combat the menace of Bolshevism by subjecting Russia to a form of inter- national quarantine. By 1921, the Soviet government, having curbed all efforts at civil war and intervention, was ready to em- bark on a far-reaching program of economic reconstruction. Self-suffi- ciency at that stage of Russia's eco- nomic development, however, could have been attained only by perpetu- ation of a backward agrarian econ- omy and indefinite postponement of industrialization. Such a course was opposed by Lenin, who advocated col- laboration with capitalist states dur- ing the reconstruction period, and utilization of foreign capital and for- eign exports. The Soviet decision to seek econom- ic collaboration with the capitalist world came at a propitious moment. The Allies were willing to resume economic relations with a country of- fering an unlimited market for man- ufactured goods; the Genoa and Hague Conferences, of 1922, however, failed to bear fruit. Russia then turn- ed to Germany in 1922 and to Fascist Italy in 1924, offering to espouse the cause' of the anti-Versailles powers. Fearing that Germany would obtain exclusive control of the Soviet mar- ket, Great Britain then recognized the Soviet Government in 1924, and Prance, under a Radical ^Socialist cabinet, followed suit in the same year. From 1925-1928, Germany definite- ly turned its face away from the East, and adopted Western orienta- tion. The fiasco of Communist rev- olution in China, which broke off re- lations with the Soviet Union in 1927, diverted Soviet attention from the Far East. Above all, the inau- guration of the Five-Year Plan In 1928 required for its fulfillment a shift of emphasis in Soviet foreign policy from revolution to internal re- construction; and made it more than ever advisable to cultivate friendly- relations with capitalist states. The first effect of the Five-Year Plan was to revive anti-Soviet sen- timent in the Western world. The capitalist states which in 1919 feared the spread of Bolshevism, now ar- gued that the Five-Year Plan might flood world markets with "dumped" goods -produced by "forced labor." The Soviet, on the other hand, be- lieved that the capitalist world, un- der the leadership of France and its Eastern European allies, had launch- ed a new plot against the Soviet Union. In 1933, the Soviet attitude to France underwent a radical change. (Continued on Pa*� Thr��) "Russia's economic structure is probably sounder today than ever in her history," said Miss Mildred Fair- child, Associate in Social Economy and Social Research at Bryn Mawr College, beginning her lecture on the Economic Situation of Soviet Russia at the End of the First Five-Year Plan, in Goodhart Auditorium, Mon- day night, November 13. She has had no unemployment since 1930; she has defaulted no payments contract- ed since October, 1917. Her period of experiment is now concluded; here- after the economic organization of the Soviet Union will be relatively stable. In the year 1928, to the astonish- ment and contempt of most of the world, the plan was undertaken. Sov- iet Russia had but recently recov- ered her pre-war status in productive capacity; industry regained equili- brium during the fiscal year, 1926- 27; agriculture had not entirely reached its pre-war height. In 1928 the New Economic Policy, initiated by Lenin in 1921, still held sway; Stalin was not established, as the lead- er of the Communist party; predic- tions of a Russian return to capital- ism were rife. For the peasant, life had changed little since Czarist days. His land- lord had disappeared, and his hold- ing become theoretically nationalized, but his farm remained subdivided into narrow, often widely separated, strips of land, his plough little more than a wooden stick, his quarters a tiny and overcrowded hut, where pov- erty still lurked behind the door and famine hovered constantly on the horizon. Out of 25 million peasant house- holds, only 2.5 per cent, had adopted the government project of collective farming for increased production. Economically, peasant agriculture had made small advance. Industrial towns needed more and more food; the threat of famine from the limitations of peasant cultivation loomed darkly across their pathway, and Soviet pea- sant agriculture continued to have little of the necessary surplus. Into this picture, not too happily contemplated by the most enthusias- tic member of the Communist Party, was flung the Five-Year Plan. The {Continued on Page Three) Musical Service to Feature 16th and 17th Century Works The Bryn Mawr College Choir, un- der the direction of Ernest Willough- by, College Organist and Associate in Music of the Department of Mu- sic, will present a musical service on Sunday, November 19, in the Music Room of Goodhart Hall. The Pro- gram will feature compositions of the sixteenth and seventeenth cen- turies. The choir will render the fol- lowing selections: Gibbons........"Love of the Father" Tallis ............"Nunc Dimittis" Purcell, "I Did Lay Me Down to Take Rest" Purcell. ."Rejoice in the Lord Alway" Bach, (Chorale) "Ich ruf zu dir, Herr Jesu Christ"_________________� Vittoria, (Chorale) "Jesu dulcis memoria" Palestrina .........."O bone Jesu" Palest rfna ............"Crucifixus" The program will be rounded opt with the following organ" solos, to be played by Mr. Willoughby: Handel, "Air," "Hornpipe" and "Finale" (from the "Water Music") Bach .............Chorale Preludes Corelli .............. "Sarabande" Zipoli.................... "Gigue" Couperin ........."Soeur Monique" Purcell ......"Trumpet Voluntary"
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Change is always hard, and moving to a new place, leaving the familiar behind is never easy. Are you feeling down about your move? Well, let's put a positive spin and remind you about all the good things you can look forward to when moving. Here are a few:
Why the Barber Shop Community Is So Unique
There's so much more to a barber shop besides getting a good shave or haircut; barber shops foster a sense of community that's entirely unique and hard to emulate. Many men are dedicated customers at their local barber shop because they enjoy the company, conversation, and laughs that they share with their barber and other customers.
Why Municipalities Care About Arbitrage Rebate
Most people have never even heard of arbitrage rebate, let alone know what it is. However, there is a good chance that the town in which you live, no matter where you live, does know what it is and they care about it. The reason they care so much about it is because it is a matter of staying within the law in how they handle funds and making sure they do not jeopardize the town's funds to fines.
Choosing Your Bank
When you're looking for your own bank, you're likely going to start by examining the bank your family has been using for years. No better place to start than with people that you've been around all your life.
Your parents have their varying opinions on which ones are the best, but you'll never know which the best is for you until you do your research and take into account your own needs. When you're looking for a bank to take care of your money, you need to look realistically at what you need.
The Construction Of Golf Websites
Referred to as the gentlemen's game, golf is a sporting activity that is a couple of centuries old and originates from Scotland where individuals would swing at pebbles and stones both on tracks and on dunes of sand. Since its introduction back in the fifteenth century, golf has considerably evolved. One of the features of this sport is the set of unspoken rules, correct etiquette and common courtesy that have always been part of its game. It is believed that individuals who have never had a golfing experience before shall tremendously take advantage while on the course if they learn about some of the most critical yet fundamental golfing etiquette beforehand.
The Cost Of Motorcycle Insurance
When comparing motorcycle insurance to car insurance, one can see that motorcycle insurance costs almost nothing. Indeed, motorcycle insurance is available for as little as ten dollars per month in some states. Of course, the rates of motorcycle insurance can be substantially high but that depends on how a much a dangerous bike driver is willing to pay in order to be allowed to run their engine. Before taking out motorcycle insurance coverage, a bike rider is strongly recommended to conduct some research on insurance costs, on the type of coverage that they want to obtain, and on what they ought to expect to pay on a monthly basis.


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Everything you need to unleash kids' imaginations
'Tis the season... kids' favorite reason... to enjoy making and receiving holiday cards. Holiday packages and mailboxes
What's up with angels? These whimsical tissue angels make perfect gifts! Use them to decorate packages, trees, or a holi
Brighten any room with seasonal colors and icons using Crayola® Construction Paper, a tissue box and LED light!
All aboard for a craft that puts kids on the fast track to imaginative learning. This train takes kids places as they di
Designing t-shirts together at a family reunion or summer barbecue is not only fun, but also makes a great keepsake to c
Twist your tongue and your art! Illustrate a favorite tongue twister with Crayola® Twistables™.
Here's a clever way to say "Thank you!" Even young children can be creative with these easy-to-make, practical paperweig
These pretend tools promote hands-on learning! Kids build thinking skills, fine motor coordination, and imaginations as
What does the Tooth Fairy look like? How does she gather kids' lost teeth around the world? Show your ideas about the To
Celebrate one of childhood's most-anticipated milestones! Kids' smiles brighten when they make this charming keepsake bo
Which verbs and adjectives best describe a tiger and its movements? Kids sculpt their descriptive vocabulary words into
Create board games with Crayola® Washable Markers on a paper tablecloth. It's picnic decorations and entertainment rolle
Backyard carnivals are the perfect way to spend a summer day, so let the games begin. Children create their own memories
Customize all your plain T-shirts with Fabric® Crayons. You'll be totally cool!
Kids are eager to learn about Canada's ancient and contemporary native artists. Here's how to sculpt a totem pole replic
What do you get when you combine Crayola® Dry-Erase Crayons and a plastic box frame? Hours of simple fun!
Jumping gymnasts! Craft this miniature trampoline with recycled materials and Model Magic®--for the pure joy of it!
Twinkle, twinkle....craft these easy stars for sun catchers or holiday ornaments. Decorate packages or give stars as gif
For a tree with all the trimmings, hand-made ornaments are a must. These easy Model Magic® sculptures make lasting famil
Shape-recognition is an important math skill. Children create unique triangle designs using mess-free Crayola® Color Won
Set the table with holiday or party scenes made especially for each friend or family guest! Stand-up place cards are fun
All the world's a stage when your children create this scene-stealing art. Kids add creative drama to their lives with t
Turn your trick-or-treat container into a candy-guarding beast with Crayola® Construction Paper and Model Magic®!
Children gobble up the fun making these festive Model Magic® turkeys. Trot out these creations to use as centerpieces, n


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The College News VOL. XII. No. 10. BRYN MAWR (AND WAYNE), PA.. WEDNESDAY. DECEMBER 9. 1925 PRICE 10 CENTS ENTER THE WORLD COURT, SAYS BRYN MAWR Ballot Taken in Halls on Tuesday For "New Student" Survey Shows Majority Favor Entrance TWELVE AGAINST PARTICIPATION Two hundred -and sixty^ive students of Bryn Mawr College voted on Tuesday for the entrance of the United States into the World Court. Only twelve votes were cast against the participation of the United States. The total balloting was not large, since there are over four hundred members, counting graduate students. The ballot submitted was the follow- ing: 1. For U. S. participation in the World Court under the "Harding-Hughes- Coolidge Terms": (The U. S. not to be Connected with the League of Nations or bound to any obligations under the League Cove- nant; not to be bound by advisory � opinions of the Court on questions not voluntarily submitted by the *U. S.) 2. For U. S. participation under the "Harmony Plan" of thirty peace leaders: (The U. S. to join the Court under the "Harding-Hughes-Coolidge Terms" but to withdraw after five years unless a code of international law has .been adopted outlawing war and the Court given jurisdiction.) 3. For U. S. participation under the "Borah Terms": (The U. S. not to join the World Court until international law has been codified outlawing war, and the Court given jurisdiction; the U. S. not to be thereby connected with the League of Natipns.) 4. Against U. S. participation in the World Court: One hundred and ninety-three votes chose the first proposal; sixty-one the second; and eleven the third. "To crystallize the student opinion of the country on the subject of the World Court, and to provide for a permanent ' organization to consider such questions arising in the future," is the purpose of the National Collegiate World Court Con- ference, to be held in Princeton on Fri- day and Saturday, December 11 and 12, under the auspices of an Intercollegiate Executive Committee. Fifty acceptances have been received to the invitations sent out to every college and university in the country, as the first of the replies appear. A definite program for the two days has been announced by the Executive Committee, including speeches by John W. Davis, George R. Vincent and Raymond Fosdick, with others still to come. A second group, prominent among whom are Ivy L. Lee and Vernon Kellogg, will lead round- table discussions of fifteen or twenty dele- gates on Saturday morning. A number of hearty indorsements have been received from men unable to be present, such as Vice President Charles G. Dawes, Charles Evans Hughes, Chief Justice William Howard Taft, and Senator Borah. The delegates, whose entertainment is being arranged for by the Princeton sub- committee, will arrive in time for the opening assembly Friday night, at which John W. Davis and one or two others will present the various aspects of the question of the World Court. Saturday morning will be spent in discussion CONTINUBD ON PAGE 2 CHAMBER MUSIC CONCERT GIVEN TO COLLEGE BY MRS. E. S. COOLIDGE Sascha Jacobson Quartet Plays German and Russian Music The Sacha Jacobson Quartet gave a very delightful recital to the college last Mondiy evening, the gift of Mrs. Elizabeth Shurt- leff Coolidge. Last year Mrs. Coolidge pre- sented Bryn Mawr with a concert of Bach, by Mr. Harold Samuel, the famous English pianist and student of Bach. For her great generosity to us we are much indebted. A concert of chamber music was a special- ly appropriate gift from Mrs. Coolidge, who has done magnificent Work for the apprc- ciation of chamber music in this country, as founder of the Berkshire and Washing- ton Festivals: It was a great pleasure to have Mrs. Coolidge come to Bryn Mawr for the recital. Beginning with Mozart's quartet in G, charming and subtle with the subtlety of simplicity, the program reached a splendid climax in the last .number, the Brahms quartet in C minor. Interesting and beauti- ful'in subject and development, the Brahms was finely played, the most thrilling per- formance we have yet had. Second on the program was a group of shorter pieces, of which the Interludium in modo antico, by Glazounoff, was particular- ly interesting harmonically. The members of the Sacha Jacobson Quartet are: Sacha Jacobson, first violin; Edwin Bachman, second violin; Louis Kauf- man, viola; Marie Roemaet Rosanoff, CONTINUED ON PAGE 5 "FAREWELL THE KERSEY COAT" BY ANNE SHIRAS, '24, GIVEN Players Present Delightful Comedy With Bernard Shaw's "Dark Lady" BRAHMS SONATA TO OPEN PROGRAM OF SECOND CONCERT 'Cellist and Baritone to Give Recital in Taylor December 14 The Players, a group of undergraduates interested in writing, acting and producing plays, gave The Dark Lady of the Sonnets, by Bernard Shaw, and Farewell the Kersey Coat, by Anne Shiras, '25, in Wyndham last Saturday evening for a small audience of their friend*? . Of course the productions suffered from lack of time, Having had .cancely a week of rehearsal, and lack of space and facilities; but they showed in- anity, spirit and some delightful acting. 'Miss Shiras' comedy of the eighteenth -�entury, presenting Jonas Hanway, who in- troduced the umbrella into England, making the umbrella fashionable "from Cheapside to St. Giles," and at the same time removing all the objections to his niece's marriage held by that elegant social climber, Lord Pethersham, was charming and witty. Com- ing after Shaw's Dark Lady, it suffered not at all in contrast, but shone by the keen wit of its dialogue and the remarkable skill of its characterization. We shall not forget the remark of I.ord Sandwich, the inventor of his namesake. "I doubt it is more diffi- cult to protect an Englishman than to feed him"; and Lord Pethersham's ejaculation, "I hope I am still Englishman enough to [hank God for the Channel." To the cries of the delighted -audience Miss Shiras answered, "I don't really think it is fair for me to appear since Mr. Shaw can't be here." SLIDES' SHOW BEAUTY OF LABRADOR'S COAST Dr. Grenfell Traces Experiment in Education and Health on Poverty Stricken English Stock SELF-RESPECT NOW POSSIBLE THROUGH AFFLICTION MANKIND MAY REACH HIGHEST LEVEL Hans Kindler, 'cellist, and Horatio ton nell, baritone, assisted by Horace Alwyne, pianist, and Ellis Clark Hammann, at the piano, will give the second concert of the series under the auspices of the Mus^c Deparment in Taylor Hall on December 14, at 8. is o'clock. The program will be as follows: Brahms�Sonata for 'cello and piano in F. minor. Op.." 38. Allegro non troppo. Allegretto quasi Menuetto. Allegro. Fugato. Mr. Kindler and Mr. Alwyne. Schubert� (a) Geheimes (The Secret). "(b) Aufenthalt (My Abode). (c) Der Lindenbaum (The Linden Tree). (d) Die Po#(The Post). . Mr. Connell. Valentini..............Adagio and Allegro .Mr. Kindler. May Mayer� ' (a) Dirge in Woods. (b) Raindrops. (Dedicated to Mr. Connell.) Franz� (a) Sweetheart is There. (b) The Rose Complained. Rachmaninoff ..........Floods of Spring Mr. Connell. Debussy......................Les Cloches Ravel ...........................Habanera P'atti ..........................Tarantella Mr. Kindler. Tschaikowsky�"Nur wer die .Sehnsucht kennt." Mr. Connell. CONTINUBD ON PAGE 6 Cultivation of Habit of Worship Leads to Sense of God Dr. Augustus Taber Murray, Profes- sor of Classical Literature, Stanford Uni- versity, California, in his sermon in Chapel. Sunday night, December 6, urged us to cultivate in our lives the habit of worship, and to enter into the expectant mood of prayer. After reading a selection from the Psalms, Dr. Murray explained that in the Psalms we have the outpourings of men who thought there- was something wrong in the world. They saw evildoers trium- phant all about them, and righteous men downtrodden. They did not see how God could permit such things, yet they were full of loyalty to Him. The Psalmist says, "It was too painful for me until I entered into the sanctuary of God." Through worship he found a means of lifting the veil, and throwing light on his problems. "When we see the wickedness trium- phant." says Dr. Murray, "let us remem- ber that through affliction mankind often reaches its highest level. Acts of self- sacrificing love, which seem to lead to destruction and death, may be the great- est expression of the highest capacity of the human soul. "There may be not one in <Jiis room who has no unsolvable enigma weighing on his heart, which checks his joyous development. The lesson that the Psalms brings us is that we should find the solvent for our enigmas as the Psalm- ist found his�in conscious drawing near to Cod, and in lettine the mood of reverent and expectant worship be ours. It may be that even without a solution our burden will be lifted. Whittier says that revelation CONTINUED ON PAGE 5 "Life gives to us what we give to it; that has been my idea in all my Labrador work." said Dr. Wilfred T. Grenfell, C. M. G., head of the Grenfell Mission in Labrador, while speaking under the aus- pices of the Christian Association in Tay- lor Hall last Thursday evening, December a. "The divine joy of life is being able to do for others, and this is especially true in the medical profession." When Dr. Grenfell first went to Labra- dor-in 188U no country could have been more in need of the aid of this same medi- cal profession. The native people were a poverty-stricken, seafaring race who had originally come from England; like the "poor whites" of Kentucky, overcome by their surroundings, they had found themselves unable to either rise above or even maintain their level of civilization. Prosperity was lacking; starvation was a national menace. The whole spirit of this backwardness can be seen in one of Dr. Grenfell's first cases, a man who came to the ship's hos- pital dragging a fractured leg which had been broken ten years before. Living conditions were unhealthy; children were poorly cared for, with the result that malnutrition and consumption of the bones were prevalent evils. "But nothing is as educational as ex- periment. Gradually everything from nursing stations to village stores were started to help these people use those tal- ents which might be dormant in them." It is this Christian motive which redeems nations as well as individuals^^. < ^ Dr. Grenfell's slides of Labrador were most realistically colorful. The wild, rock-bound seacoast and heavily wooded inland, with its deep canyons, high water- falls and winter snows, provide the in- habitants with their two main sources of subsistence: Fishing and trapping. Al- most every animal from ermine to rein- deer can be found, especially the reindeer, whose use of the grazing fields shows Labrador's possibilities as a future feed- ing land. There are now four central hospitals situated at the chief harbors. Here, lame- ness and blindness are among the princi- pal cases treated: and an organized Child Welfare Committee, under the direction of two Bryn Mawr graduates, has set out to rebuild the youth. The children have gone so far as to form a troop of boy scouts. Industrial schools have been organized where workers are taught to make toys � and model ships. Civilization has also put in its appearance in the form of radios and phonographs. As far as sports go, dog-racing and skiing are the chief forms of amusement. Morally speaking, the Labrador people are excellent examples. In this land of so few material pleasures there has rarely or ever been such a thing as a murder, a divorce or a nervous breakdown. And, furthermore, they will do absolutely no work_ whatsoever on Sunday. The very fact that they have shown such marked improvement recently, combined .with the proof that they are fundamentally made of good stuff, shows how worthy they are of all the help that can possibly be given to them %
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Family Tree Gallery
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Create a keepsake to last for generations with our Family Tree Gallery. The tree print is reminiscent of an artist's sketch and holds seven photographs; it's framed in silver leaf for the muted elegance of an heirloom.
- Frame is crafted of pine wood with a silver-leaf overlay.
- Features seven spaces for pictures.
- Features a glass covering.
- Finish is hand applied.
- Dimensions & Care
- Overall: 20" wide x 21" high
- Picture Space (7): 2.5" wide x 3.5" high
- Projection From Wall: 2"
- Weight: 6.5 pounds
- Dust with a soft, dry cloth.
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Shimano XT CN-HG93 9 Speed Chain
Deore XT has established a tradition as the globally recognized standard in high performance components. The component group continues to evolve to keep pace with the changing demands of the latest bicycle designs and riding styles.
I switched my drive train to a single ring 9 speed. Other brands didn't cope with the big angles but this chain has been great. No problems and with the right tool they are really easy to take off to clean. I highly recommend these chains.
Do not buy a Shimano chain if you are an "aggressive" rider before you check out the www.mtbr.com. I'm an older rider but one who still likes to race up the trails but will no longer trust Shimano chains. My Shimano HG93 chain came with my newly purchased Price Point high quality MTB bike. Within the first hundred miles of aggressive MTB ridding, the chain broke bending the derailleur arm and requiring about an hour for a temporary repair to avoid an eight mile walk back. It took several hours more to fine tune the derailleur and repair the chain, replacing the bent link using Shimano replacement pins as per data sheet. The chain broke three more times within the next four months fortunately though, w/o damaging the derailleur. Finally, I went to online reviews, www.mtbr.com, and found that almost all "aggressive" riding MTB reviewers had similar experiences with their Shimano chains including the XTR's. This chain does seem to work fine for the non aggressive riders so I gave it two stars. Mtbr.com reviewers recommended Connex and Yaban chains. I have had no experience with either. Pricepoint has always offered excellent service during the several years I have purchased bikes, replacement parts and supplies and did offer to replace the chain even through the fault is Shimano's and not Pricepoint's. wd


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text: 5 IdealPosted: 05/05/2011Very compact, pretty stylish, almost silent, never gets hot, quick enough, reliable so far and cheap with it.It would be hard to think of any way to improve this drive. I have seen a few criticisms elsewhere but I don't agree with any of them. The LED is easily visible when plugged in the cable is just the right length. I have used the drive for a couple of weeks including some major transfers which went quickly and trouble free. Drive works on Windows XP and 7 and Ubuntu 10.10 and 11.04 with no problems.The only drives I could find cheaper had separate power supplies (AC) but this is a truly portable drive which easily fits into a pocket.


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Handsworth pair jailed for 16 years each for botched raid on address near Lichfield
Bacardi were in town recently so we asked for their guide to rum, the best cocktails for 2015 and whether only pirates drink it neat?
Is there something happening in your area you would like us to report on?
Tell us about it and, if possible, send us a picture
We reach over 2,871,244* unique users a month with dedicated coverage of Birmingham and the West Midlands.
Over 66% of our visitors, who view over 4m* page impressions every month, are in the desirable ABC1 socio-economic groups.
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A born and bred Brummie, David was appointed editor of the Birmingham Mail in November 2009.
He has over 30 years experience as a journalist in the West Midlands including editorships on the Coventry Telegraph and Sunday Mercury.


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Just one more thing I came across showing similarities between Judaism and Islam. I skimmed over it, but haven't read the whole thing yet. That is why I'm posting it, so I have an easy reference to come back to.
http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/law/lwsch/ ... 01_TXT.htm
Mary F. Radford*
Abstract: The inheritance rights of women in the Anglo-American system have evolved from a system whose primary purpose was the support of women to one in which women enjoy the same rights to inherit and own property as their male counterparts. The laws of Judaism and Islam contain elements of these two Anglo-American approaches, with a focus on support under Jewish law and on ownership (although not equal ownership) under Islamic law. In this article Professor Radford gives a brief overview of the legal systems of Judaism and Islam and of the place of women in these systems. She then provides a detailed description of the ways in which the laws of Judaism and Islam govern the rights of wives, mothers, daughters, and other female relatives to inherit property.
In the Western tradition, women generally, and married women in particular,1 had little or no place in the order of intestate succession.2 Until the end of the sixteenth century, women were basically denied the right to inherit property.3 Modern times have seen a dra[*PG136]matic reversal of this trend. Not only can women now inherit property equally with their male counterparts, but married women (and spouses generally) are favored in their ability to share the property formerly owned by the deceased spouse or by the couple during their marriage.
This reversal is illustrated by the current structure of inheritance laws in the United States. If a deceased spouse dies without a will, state intestacy laws guarantee that a portion of the estate will pass to the surviving spouse.4 Community property jurisdictions give both spouses equal ownership of the property that is acquired by the married couple during the course of the marriage5 and, at death, the surviving spouse retains her one-half ownership in the property of the marriage.6 In most separate property jurisdictions, the surviving spouse is allowed to elect to take a specified portion of the deceased spouse's estate in lieu of taking under the decedent's will.7 Throughout the United States, the surviving spouse is allowed to take from the estate amounts needed for his or her maintenance for a period following the death of the first spouse.8 Thus, these laws guarantee a woman both the ability to inherit property and, in some circum[*PG137]stances, the right to be supported after the death of a male upon whom she may have been dependent.
The advancements in women's inheritance rights in modern Western law were presaged centuries earlier by the laws of Judaism and Islam. Long before women were given the right to inherit property in Western jurisdictions, the laws of these two religions had established a limited form of inheritance and support rights for the surviving wife and female relatives of a decedent.9 This article describes and compares the inheritance rights of women under the two religions. Part I is an overview of the sources of law for the two religions. Part II briefly describes the place women hold in Judaism and Islam. Part III summarizes the concept of marriage in the two religions and the nature of a wife's rights to hold property within the marriage, as these rules reflect the philosophy behind women's general rights to inherit property. Part IV outlines the basic structure of inheritance law in both religions and then describes in detail the inheritance rights of surviving wives and other female relatives of the decedent. Part V concludes with a brief discussion of the way in which the inheritance rights of women that were established by the laws of these two religions are played out in modern societies whose laws and customs are based on the legal precepts of Judaism and Islam.
I. Sources of Law
At the outset, it is necessary to explain the terms "Jewish" and "Islamic" law. The Jewish law described in this article is not to be confused with the law of the State of Israel. In 1965, Israel passed a comprehensive Succession Law that embodies theories from a variety of Western countries and that does not concur in every respect with traditional Jewish law.10 Nor is Islamic law to be confused with the law that is followed today in many Islamic countries. These countries in many cases have adopted, either officially or unofficially, legal systems that vary in substantial ways from traditional Islamic law.11 Rather, the terms "Jewish law" and "Islamic law" refer to the body of law in each [*PG138]religion that stems from divinely revealed sources and the interpretation and expansion of these revelations by scholars, community members, and local custom.
The structure of the law of Judaism and of Islam is similar in that the basic written source of each is believed to have been revealed to mankind by God.12 The divine revelations in both of these religions were made exclusively to one man13—Moses, in the case of Jewish law,14 and Mohammed, the Prophet,15 in the case of Islamic law. In each religion, the precepts of the divine source have been and continue to be interpreted and expanded over time by the combination of community practice and scholarly debate.16 In addition, the law of both religions was affected by the existing legal systems of the societies within which these religious laws developed.17
[*PG139]A. Sources of Jewish Law
The Jewish law, referred to as a whole as the Halakhah, is based in the Torah.18 The written component of the Torah19 (referred to also as the Pentateuch20) is the five Books of Moses:21 Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.22 The text of these books was conveyed to Moses on Mount Sinai, along with a large body of "oral law" that was not reduced to writing for several centuries.23 Where gaps or inconsistencies appeared in the written law, the process of midrash (interpretation and construction) was used for clarification and for filling out the skeletal structure.24 In approximately 200 c.e., [*PG140]Rabbi Judah the Prince produced a codex of laws that was recognized as an authoritative statement of the oral law.25 This Mishnah consists of six orders, the third of which is devoted primarily to women and the family.26 Baba Bathra, which is the third tractate of the fourth order,27 deals with inheritance.28 Over time, as the Torah and the Mishnah became the subject of increasingly sophisticated scholarly debate, the scholarly commentary was itself written down to serve as a further source for clarification of the law. The Talmud29 is the collection of this discursive commentary and is noteworthy in that the dissenting as well as the consensus opinions are recorded for use in future debate.30 [*PG141]After the compilation of the Talmud,31 scholars continued to develop the Jewish law and to record it in the form of Responsa32 and Com[*PG142]mentaries.33 Perhaps the best known of the Commentaries is that of Maimonides.34
Scholars were not the only ones who contributed to the development of Jewish law. Consistently followed courses of conduct became recognized as minhag or legal norms.35 Sometimes these courses of conduct were codified in local enactments, known as takkanot.36 The takkanot were sometimes initiated in reaction to changes in social conditions that proved inconsistent with previously recorded law.37
One scholar describes the complexity of Jewish law as follows:
Jewish law, then is the sum total of the law laid down in Scripture with interpretations and amplifications thereof in Talmud and Midrash, and the reforms and innovations superadded by Talmudical law, the post-Talmudic codes, the Commentaries and the Responsa, the customary laws and the takkanot of the various communities, and last—but not least—the rational and ethical principles deduced from them.38
[*PG143]B. Sources of Islamic Law
The body of Islamic law39 is referred to as Shari'a or "the clear path."40 This body of law emanates primarily from four sources: the Qur'an, Sunna, Qiyas, and Ijma.41 The Qur'an is the word of God as recited by Mohammed, His Messenger (hereinafter the Prophet), beginning about 610 c.e.42 The Qur'an was revealed to the Prophet over a period of 23 years, during which time he resided in both Mecca and Medina.43 The Qur'an consists of 6219 verses.44 About five hundred of these verses are legalistic in tone and some eighty verses deal exclusively with legal topics.45
The second source of Islamic law, the Sunna, is described as the practice of the Prophet.46 Essentially, the Sunna is comprised of the [*PG144]"sayings of the Prophet; his deeds; and his silent or tacit approval of certain acts which he had knowledge of."47 The Sunna reaffirm the customary law that was prevalent in Arabia at the time of the Prophet's life, to the degree that that law was not contradicted by him.48 The Hadith, which is the written record of the Sunna,49 was not compiled until many years after the death of the Prophet.50 Those who transcribed the Hadith did so by collecting the first-hand testimony of those who had lived with and observed the Prophet (his "Companions") and the second-hand testimony of the second and third generation followers of the original Companions.51 Some controversy exists as to whether the human element involved in narrating and interpreting the Prophet's words and actions may have compromised the accuracy of the Hadith.52 Traditionalists, however, look [*PG145]solely to the Qur'an and the Sunna as the source of Islamic law53 and deny "[t]he possibility of error, bias or evil intent" in the Hadith.54
Qiyas and Ijma, the third and fourth sources of the law, are based in human analysis rather than divine revelation. Qiyas involves an expansion of the law through analogical reasoning, or the application of a textual rule from one situation to a different situation.55 Qiyas can be accomplished only if the underlying purpose of the rule itself is clear.56 A common example of the use of Qiyas is the expansion of the express prohibition against the use of alcohol to include a prohibition against the use of drugs which, like alcohol, impair the user's control of his actions.57
Ijma is the consensus reached by scholars and jurists as to a rule of law.58 As with Qiyas, Ijma involves the application of human reasoning to the Qur'an and Sunna. Consequently, although the Ijma may have represented the unanimous opinion of a certain age, "ijma is not simply the consensus of all past jurists."59
There are several distinct movements and schools of Islamic law. For purposes of this article, it is important to note that two schools—the Sunni and the Shi'i—developed soon after the death of the Prophet and their origin was basically political in nature.60 The Sunni school is that followed by the vast majority of Muslims today and is the school of thought that is described in this article, unless indicated otherwise.61 The Shi'i school is practiced by a significant minority of [*PG146]Muslims and contains certain critical distinctions relating to inheritance rights that will be described as appropriate.
II. Women's Place in the Two Religions
The status of women under both Judaism and Islam is the subject of continuing debate. In both arenas, there are those who praise the religion for the dignified status to which it elevates women and those who criticize the religion for its sexist and discriminatory treatment of women. As will be noted, a modern resurgence of fundamentalism in both religions reinforces and emphasizes to women's detriment religious rules and historical traditions that relegate women to an inferior status.62
A. Women in Judaism
Dissonant attitudes about the status of women in Judaism appear as early as the creation accounts in the Book of Genesis.63 In Genesis 1:27, God created man "in his own image, in the image of God He created him, male and female he created them." This passage would seem to give equal dignity to the two genders.64 Yet later in the same book, God is said to have created man first, from the "dust of the ground,"65 and then later created woman from Adam's rib,66 because "it is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a help meet for him."67 Thus, woman appears in the creation story both as man's equal and as secondary to him.
The Book of Genesis also lays the groundwork for the focal point that marriage plays in Jewish life.68 The creation chapter states that [*PG147]the bond of marriage between husband and wife overrides the parent-child relationship.69 This chapter arguably allots an elevated status to a wife, for whom "a man shall leave his father and his mother." 70 However, this passage, which speaks of the married couple as becoming "one flesh," may also have been a portent of the English common law concept that a woman's legal existence was subsumed into that of her husband at marriage.71
The Book of Leviticus contains a series of rules relating to bodily impurity that apply both to men and to women.72 This book is the origin of the ostracization of a woman while she is menstruating (niddah).73 The Book of Leviticus also describes unequal periods of impurity that follows a woman giving birth to a child.74 The period of impurity for a woman who has given birth to a female child is double that of a woman who has given birth to a male child.75
Several women appear throughout the Bible who are powerful in their own right.76 Yet Biblical references to women in general indicate that a woman's highest honor is to be found in her role as wife and mother.77 The Mishnah order that deals with women concentrates on [*PG148]marriage and divorce.78 The Talmud emphasizes further "the husbands' and fathers' duties with regard to the maintenance and care for his wife and daughters." 79 The Talmud also adds to the role of the woman/wife/mother the important task of freeing her husband from mundane household tasks so that he will be free to study the Torah.80 Generally, women did not study the Torah, although history records the story of one woman scholar, Beruriah, who was purportedly able to "absorb over three hundred laws each day, . . . some of her legal decisions were accepted as Halachah, despite the opposing views of some Rabbis."81
The status of Jewish women in modern times varies in Reform, Conservative, and Orthodox Judaism.82 For example, Orthodox Jews continue to restrict women from participating in religious rituals even though Reform Jews now admit women to the rabbinate.83 Jewish feminists continue to fight for the equalization of women's status in the religion against the traditionalist view that this equalization is contrary to talmudic legislation.84
Jewish women, particularly in Israel, remain threatened by the political influence that may be wielded by Jewish "Ultra-Orthodox fundamentalists."85 Like Islamic fundamentalism,86 Jewish fundamentalism dictates an inferior and submissive status for women.87 Jewish fundamentalism "does not explicitly declare that a wife must be submissive and obedient to her husband [but] the overall structure of marriage and divorce laws delegates such a degree of authority and power to the husband as to allow him effectively to coerce his wife's obedience."88 Additionally, Jewish fundamentalists, in the name of "guard[ing] women's chastity [and] prevent[ing] women from [*PG149]'tempting' men into adultery,"89 segregate the sexes, relegate women to the home, and restrict women's public dress.90
B. Women in Islam
One scholar has noted that "[t]o attempt to talk about women in Islam is of course to venture into an area fraught with the perils of overgeneralization, oversimplification, and the almost unavoidable limitations of a Western bias."91 Islam is criticized by some as having created a "male-dominated society"92 and praised by others as having "elevated the status of women, providing them with an independent legal and spiritual identity."93 The Prophet's legislation is praised by some as having declared "a new equal status for women in society,"94 yet criticized by others as setting forth a set of rules on family life with "almost all of them favoring men."95 A brief examination of the status of women in pre-Islamic Arabia reveals that, while Islam generally improved the status of women in that society, it may also have resulted in imposing severe restrictions on the rights that some pre-Islamic women enjoyed.96
The primary governmental unit of pre-Islamic Arabia was the tribe.97 The tribes were either settled tribes or nomads (the latter often referred to as "Bedouin").98 Children were viewed as children of the tribe,99 and the members of the tribe were bound to one another by blood ties,100 through either a patrilineal or a matrilineal [*PG150]system.101 Marriage was a "flexible, loose institution with no strict, uniformed rules"102 and a woman's role within a marriage ranged from that of property103 to "free agent."104 Infanticide, primarily female infanticide, was a common practice.105 Polygamy was also prevalent.106 In those systems in which a wife was regarded as property, women had no property or inheritance rights and could be divorced at will by their husbands.107 In the matrilineal systems, however, some rights of inheritance in women most likely existed.108 In Mecca, the Prophet's first wife was a successful businesswoman "who had inherited a large fortune from her late husband."109
The Prophet replaced the tribe with the family as the primary social unit.110 He adopted the patrilineal system as the framework for [*PG151]his scheme of inheritance,111 but he established explicit inheritance rights for women.112 The Prophet restricted to four the number of wives that a man could have and forbade a woman from having more than one husband.113 He abolished the practice of female infanticide.114
Strong women played an important role in the life of the Prophet and the foundation of the religion. The Prophet's first wife, Khadija, supported his cause and became known as "the Mother of all believers."115 Another of his wives, A'isha, is portrayed as a powerful influence, both on the Prophet and on his followers.116 The Prophet's daughter, Fatima, stood by him during his life and played a political [*PG152]role after his death.117 Despite these forceful feminine influences, some believe that women as a class do not fare particularly well in those segments of the Qur'an and the Shari'a that deal with topics other than inheritance and property rights. This belief is summarized as follows:
The purpose of women, according to the Koran, is to compliment men. Women's rights to employment and participation in public life, freedom of movement and freedom of organization, are severely restricted through a combination of the Shari'a principles of qawam (men's guardianship over women),[118] hijab (the veil) and segregation between men and women. Examples of women's inequality can be found in the administration of justice and in certain aspects of family law. A woman's judicial testimony is deemed to be of half the value of that of a man, in civil cases, and is not accepted at all in serious criminal cases.[119] In certain types of wrongful homicide, monetary compensation paid to the heirs of a female victim is less than that paid to the heirs of a male victim and a woman's share in inheritance is half that of a man's. Additionally, no woman may hold any public office which involves exercising authority over men.120
In addition, one verse of the Qur'an seemed not only to confirm the inferior role of women but also to sanction wife-beating. This verse states:
Men are the maintainers of women because Allah has made some of them to excel others and because they spend out their property; the good women are therefore obedient, [*PG153]guarding the unseen as Allah has guarded, and (as to) those on whose part you fear desertion, admonish them, and leave them alone in the sleeping-places and beat them; then if they obey you, do not seek a way against them; surely Allah is High, Great.121
Finally, proponents of the practice of female circumcision cite this "tradition as 'a duty on every Muslim woman.'"122
The status of women in Islam is complicated by the fact that scholarly interpretation of the Qur'an may have been subject to the biases of those who stood to benefit by a society that favored their gender.123 Women played no part in interpretation of the Qur'an, and their absence "has been mistakenly equated with voicelessness in the text itself."124 Furthermore, social norms in many male-dominated countries may have obscured many of the original purposes of the Qur'anic legislation.125 Former Prime Minister of Pakistan, Benazir Bhutto, claims that the subjugation of women in Islam "has got nothing to do with the religion, but it has got very much to do with material or man-made considerations."126 She concludes, "It is not Islam which is averse to women rulers, I think—it is men."127
An example of the effect of male interpretation and social norms appears in the development of the concept of "the veil." The required covering of a woman's face and body when she ventures out in public is seen by many as a symbol of the Islamic subordination of women.128 [*PG154]However, this practice does not seem to have been mandated in the Qur'an.129 The Qur'an does state that, if a man is to ask anything of the wives of the Prophet, "ask it of them from behind a curtain."130 Muslim feminist Fatima Mernissi describes the origin of this requirement as an event in which the Prophet, who was eager to be with his newly married wife, yet unwilling to be impolite to wedding guests who had lingered too long, eventually let fall a curtain between himself and the last-remaining of his Companions.131 She then goes on, however, to describe how recent books by Muslim fundamentalists emphasize the importance of women wearing the veil.132 As Mernissi notes, the "relatively minor incident" in the Prophet's life, which originally was prompted by a need to separate public from private space, "was to turn into a segregation of the sexes."133
In addition to a history of male interpretation and legislation, the resurgence of Muslim fundamentalism in recent decades has had a profound impact on the status of women in affected societies.134 In general, countries in which fundamentalist rule has taken hold have adopted laws that severely restrict the rights of women to work outside the home,135 to appear unveiled in public, and to protect their rights in the context of marriage and divorce.136 Thus, the rights of women [*PG155]in these male-dominated cultures have become virtually non-existent. Yet, ironically, even these fundamentalist regimes illustrate a grudging recognition of women's innate power, as their motivating theory seems to be "that women harbor the seeds of destruction of all society and that to avoid this they and their sexuality must be carefully controlled."137
III. Marriage as the Context for Succession Rights
Marriage is considered a cornerstone of both Judaism and Islam.138 The succession rights of women under Jewish and Islamic law cannot be understood fully unless they are examined in the larger context of the property rights of women within a marriage. Marriage as an institution in pre-Islamic Arabia bore many similarities to marriage in early Biblical times. In both cultures, marriage was a business transaction between the family of the groom and the family of the bride.139 The bride was a productive piece of property who was bought by the groom from her family.140
In both of these cultures, polygyny was permitted.141 In the Jewish tradition, the number of wives a man could have was limited only by his ability to fulfill his marital and sexual duties to each of them.142 The only man for whom the number of wives was limited was the king, and he was limited to 18.143 When asked how many wives a man should have, the rabbis speculated that the number four was realistic in that the husband could serve (or service) each one for one week in the month.144 It was not until somewhere between 960 and 1028 that a definitive Jewish order against polygyny was entered.145
[*PG156] As noted above, the Prophet did not object to polygyny but limited the number of wives that a man could have to as many as the man could care for, up to four.146 The Prophet himself was married to several women through the course of his life.147 Some commentators note that, at the time the Prophet recited the Qur'an, it would have been an unrealistic burden on women to abolish polygyny because tribal warfare had depleted the number of men in the communities and a woman needed the support of a marriage for her own financial well-being.148
In pre-Islamic Arabia, as well as in both religions, the husband could divorce the wife without the wife's consent. Later Jewish law required the consent of the wife, although the husband technically is the only one who can deliver the get.149 Islamic law allows a man to divorce his wife unilaterally but gives the wife only a limited right to seek a divorce, either upon her husband's consent or through the judicial system, unless the right to seek divorce on other grounds was reserved by the wife in the marriage contract.150
[*PG157]A. Marriage in Jewish Law
Marriage as an institution is similar under current Jewish and Islamic law in that it is in both cases based on a marriage contract between the spouses.151 In Jewish law, the contract is called the ketubah.152 This contract evolved from the earlier contract under which the groom would pay the marriage price, the mohr, to purchase the bride.153 The ketubah developed into a contract between the husband and wife that outlined both the husband's and the wife's obligations.154 The ketubah amount was no longer payable to the bride's family but to the bride herself.155 One important purpose of the ketubah is to provide for the wife in the event of divorce or her husband's death.156 Thus, the ketubah speaks of an amount of property that is available to the wife in the event of either of these occurrences.157 The ketubah amount is minimal, but the husband is free to add to that amount.158 The ketubah amount is a lien on the husband's property.159 At the husband's death or upon divorce, the wife is also entitled to a return of this amount and of her dowry.160 This property is sometimes referred to as "iron sheep" or "iron flock" assets.161 The assets are merged into the husband's estate during the course of the marriage and, as with assets such as sheep, he is free to enjoy the fruits of the property during that time. However, the property resembles iron in that, at death or divorce, the value of the property when the marriage began must be returned to the wife (even if the property itself has gone down in value).162
[*PG158] The husband has the duty to maintain the wife during the marriage.163 This duty exists even if the husband is in financial difficulty and the wife has the independent means to support herself.164
B. Marriage in Islamic Law
The Islamic marriage contract calls similarly for a payment (the mehr or mahr) to be made to the bride by the groom. The institution of this payment was seen as an elevation of the woman from her previous status as an "object of sale"165 to that of "a contracting party in her own right."166 The mehr is not a purchase price paid for the wife to the wife's family; rather, like the ketubah amount, it is a free gift given into the sole possession of the woman upon the making of the marriage contract.167 The mehr may be specified168 or unspecified169 and a specified mehr may be paid in two parts—prompt and deferred.170 The prompt mehr is to be paid immediately upon the marriage.171 The deferred mehr is an unsecured debt from the husband to the wife.172 The wife is free to demand the deferred mehr at any time during the marriage and, if the husband does not pay it, she can "refuse herself to [*PG159]him."173 The deferred mehr is typically not paid until the death of the husband or divorce.174 If due at death, the mehr "must be paid before any other estate distribution takes place."175
In addition to paying the mehr, the Muslim husband is required to provide support for his wife during the marriage in the form of food, shelter, clothing, and medical care.176 However, this support is based on the wife's willingness to submit to her husband and his refusal to provide maintenance may not be sufficient grounds for her to sue for divorce.177 The wife's male relatives also are responsible for supporting her.178
IV. Inheritance Under Jewish and Islamic Law
Despite the similarity of their approaches to marriage and divorce, the Jewish and Islamic legal systems differ dramatically in their approach to women's rights to inheritance and succession. In general, the Islamic law offers an intricately specified system of inheritance rights in contrast to the vague outlines that comprise Jewish inheritance law. In particular, the two laws differ in that Islamic law provides specific shares of property for women in their spouses' and relatives' estates, while Jewish law allows women to inherit only in very limited circumstances. In any event, in both legal systems, women's inheritance rights are generally not equal to those of men.
A. Jewish Inheritance Law
As noted, the Biblical inheritance laws are vague, derived more from Biblical references and illustrations than from explicit direc[*PG160]tions. The Biblical passages focus often on the necessity of retaining the stability of the tribes of Israel179 by maintaining property within the tribe via the patrilineal line.180
The text of Numbers 27:8–11, which is cited as the seminal Biblical source of the laws of succession, provides as follows:
If a man die, and have no son, then ye shall cause his inheritance to pass unto his daughter. And if he have no daughter, then ye shall give his inheritance unto his brethren. And if he have no brethren, then ye shall give his inheritance unto his father's brethren. And if his father have no brethren, then ye shall give his inheritance unto his kinsman that is next to him of his family and he shall possess it.181
This passage contains a number of clear rules. First, at the father's death, the sons, if any, received his estate.182 If there were no sons, the property passed to his daughters. If there were no daughters, the property passed to the decedent's brothers and, if none, to his uncles. The passage seems to exclude female heirs (other than daughters), the mother's family, and even the male ancestors of the decedent. [*PG161]The passage also does not explicitly include the issue of the decedent's children or the issue of the decedent's brethren.
This Biblical passage is the subject of the eighth and ninth chapters of Baba Bathra, the tractate of the Mishnah that deals with the ownership of property. The Baba Bathra interprets the passage so as to include issue and to fill in certain other gaps in the order of succession. It provides in part as follows:
the son precedes the daughter, and all the son's offspring precede the daughter; the daughter precedes the brothers and the daughter's offspring precede the brothers; brothers precede the father's brothers and the brothers' offspring precede the father's brothers. This is the general rule: whosoever has precedence in inheritance, his offspring have also precedence. The father has precedence over all his offspring.183
Thus, the descendants of the decedent's sons, daughters, brothers, and uncles hold a place in the order of inheritance,184 as does the decedent's father.185
Even the elucidation in the Mishnah did not satisfactorily answer all questions about the order of inheritance. One disputed issue was that of who should inherit if the decedent was survived by a daughter and the daughter of a deceased son. The Talmud includes discussions of this issue and states definitively that, contrary to the teachings of the Sadducees,186 the son's daughter would inherit and the decedent's daughter would take nothing.187


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Chabot Space & Science Camp
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Welcome to the ultimate camp adventure for inventors and explorers! Powered by Galileo, Chabot Space & Science Camp is where aspiring innovators come to build, create and watch their ideas take flight.
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Chabot Space & Science Camp offers 13 hands-on classes, deftly designed for incoming 3rd through 7th graders. No matter what fires your rockets - space science, technology, engineering, art, the outdoors or a little of everything - you'll find the perfect mix of engaging areas to explore.
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text:
quote:Austin Rivers says he would prefer to play point guard next season. Rivers was drafted as a bit of a combo guard and the Hornets used him at shooting guard while Eric Gordon was sidelined. Of course, Rivers had arguably the worst rookie season ever, at least from a shooting point of view. The rookie shot just 37 percent from the field and 32 percent from 3-point range in 61 games.
quote: "I played best when I was a one. Moving forward, that's what I'm going to try to do," Rivers said.
quote:Austin Rivers wants to play PG next year
quote:Well, so do I
quote:Ask him to play one on one.
quote:Rivers is going to end up being a hell of a player in the next couple of years. And, personally, I like the idea of him at PG. Is there some kind of well defined bet we can come up with regarding his future success? If so, I'm willing to put up money.
quote:he's probably only repeating what Monty told him
quote:And, personally, I like the idea of him at PG.
quote:We'd be best if he played bench


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Myocardial infarction - discharge; MI - discharge; Coronary event - discharge; Infarct - discharge
You were in the hospital because you had a heart attack . A heart attack occurs when blood flow to a part of your heart is blocked long enough that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies.
You may feel sad. You may feel anxious and as though you have to be very careful about what you do. All of these feelings are normal. They go away for most people after 2 or 3 weeks. You may also feel tired when you leave the hospital to go home.
You should know the signs and symptoms of angina.
Know how to treat your chest pain when it happens . Talk with your doctor or nurse about what to do.
Take it easy for the first 4 - 6 weeks.
You should be able to talk comfortably when you are doing any activity -- such as walking, setting the table, and doing laundry. If you cannot, stop the activity.
Your doctor may refer you to cardiac rehabilitation program. There, you will learn how to slowly increase your exercise and how to take care of your heart disease.
Wait at least 2 weeks before sexual activity. Ask your doctor when it is okay to start again. Do not take Viagra, Levitra, Cialis or any herbal remedy for erection problems without checking with your doctor first.
How long you will have to wait to return to your normal activities will depend on:
If you smoke, stop. Ask your doctor for help quitting if you need it. Do not let anybody smoke in your home, since second-hand smoke can harm you. Try to stay away from things that are stressful for you. If you are feeling stressed all the time, or if you are feeling very sad, talk with your doctor or nurse. They can refer you to a counselor.
Learn more about what you should eat to make your heart and blood vessels healthier.
Have your drug prescriptions filled before you go home. It is very important that you take your drugs the way your doctor or nurse told you to. Do not take any other drugs or herbal supplements without asking your doctor first if they are safe for you.
Take your drugs with water. Do NOT take them with grapefruit juice, since it may change how your body absorbs certain medicines. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information about this.
The drugs below are given to most people after they have had a heart attack. Sometimes there is a reason they may not be safe to take, though. These drugs help prevent another heart attack. Talk with your doctor or nurse if you are not already on any of these drugs:
Do NOT suddenly stop taking these drugs for your heart. Do NOT stop taking drugs for your diabetes, high blood pressure, or any other medical conditions you may have without talking with your doctor first.
If you are taking a blood thinner such as warfarin (Coumadin), you may need to have extra blood tests on a regular basis to make sure your dose is correct.
Call your doctor if you feel:
Changes in your angina may mean your heart disease is getting worse. Call your doctor if your angina:
Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM, Bridges CR, Califf RM, Casey DE Jr, et al. ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-Elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) developed in collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Aug 14;50(7):e1-e157.
Antman EM, Hand M, Armstrong PW, Bates ER, Green LA, Halasyamani LK, Hochman JS, et al. 2007 Focused Update of the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration With the Canadian Cardiovascular Society endorsed by the American Academy of Family Physicians: 2007 Writing Group to Review New Evidence and Update the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Writing on Behalf of the 2004 Writing Committee. Circulation. 2008 Jan 15;117(2):296-329. Epub 2007 Dec 10.
Smith SC Jr, Benjamin EJ, Bonow RO, Braun LT, Creager MA, Franklin BA, et al. AHA/ACCF secondary prevention and risk reduction therapy for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation endorsed by the World Heart Federation and the Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Nov 29;58(23):2432-46. Epub 2011 Nov 3.
Antman EM and Morrow DA. ST-Elevation myocardial infarction: management. In Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, eds. Braunwald'sHeart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 9th ed. Saunders; 2011:chap 55.
Cannon CP and Braunwald E. Unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. In: Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, eds. Braunwald'sHeart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 9th ed. Saunders; 2011:chap
Michael A. Chen, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M. Health Solutions, Ebix, Inc.
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My mom had a vivid dream once, long ago.
She told me about it and it stuck with me, the memory of it.
It was just after my dad died.
My mom found herself in a garden that looked like a lawn on a cross between college campus and what looked like old Greek style buildings. (lots of old marble and overgrowth everywhere)
She realized she was with my dad, who was not completely aware of her presence. He kept looking down at himself with an incredulous look on his face and waundering about, looking around, a little confused.
Another presence was there with them, mostly in the from of in the form of a voice speaking to my mother.(but she also sort of seemed aware of the presence of a man, who the voice belonged to)
The voice/man took her to a building that full of children and books.
The voice/man said something like, "These are the children preparing to be born"
She asked what all the books were for. The voice said these are the books that contain all of God's thoughts and all the days of your life.
She opened a book and the page was blank. She asked the voice why it was blank. The voice said something like, 'Some days God has nothing to say, but keeps a blank page there in the book to remind God there was nothing to say that day"
It seems sorta silly now..but when she told me about it, it came across as profound to me.
I always felt in her grief over my dad's passing, her soul reached out and this was the universe's reply.
To allow her to get a glimpse (a metaphorical one, at least) of over there and my dad over there on 'the other side' by way of a 'vivid dream'.
I always felt those books were a representation of the Akashic records, that her guide was showing her.


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quote:Even with Gordon and Davis out I didn't think we would be this damn awful.
quote:2 are hurt.
quote:Counting Ryno we have 3 NBA starter caliber players on this team. 2 are hurt.
quote:I watched the whole game... had Lakers -4... that is the most invisible 31/9 I've ever seen... when I saw this thread I was shocked... can't believe he put up 31/9 Dwight's 18/8 was FAR more impressive given he altered at least 15 shots.
quote:still no love for Vasquez?


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Thomas Tin Pail by Schylling
Children will love this Thomas Tin Pail. They can play with it in the sand or in the water. They can take it anywhere they want. It is made of tin and has a wooden handle. Great for the sand box or the beach.
Ages 3+
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