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Posts Tagged: larva
Now That's Massive Weight Gain!
So you're thinking you're putting on a little weight during the holidays.
Not to worry. Put it all in perspective by thinking about the larvae of the honey bee.
Extension apiculturist Eric Mussen of the UC Davis Department of Entomology, likes to talk about the massive weight gain that occurs during the larval stage of the honey bee. He speaks at scores of beekeeping functions throughout the year and what he says about the larval weight gain always draws a "Wow!" or "Incredible!" or "Amazing!"
"A honey bee egg weighs about 0.1 mg," Mussen says. "The first stage larva weighs the same. Over the next six days of larval life the larva goes from 0.1 mg to around 120 mg. It defecates once, just before pupating, and the resulting adult bee weighs around 110 mg. Thus, the new bee weighs about 1,000 times the weight of the one-day-old larva."
Now get this:
"If a human baby, weighing eight pounds at birth, were to grow at the same rate, the baby would weigh 8,000 pounds, or 4 tons, at the end of six days."
Four tons in six days? Fortunately, what goes on with Apis mellifera does not apply to Homo sapiens.
Now go get that second helping of pumpkin pie.
As for Mussen, he quips: "I only feel that heavy some days!"
The tiny egg of a future honey bee weighs about 0.1 mg. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
Larvae gain weight rapidly. A larva goes from 0.1 mg to around 120 mg. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
Close-up of a pupa with a Varroa mite. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
Newly emerged honey bee, just a minute old. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
'The Ladybug Shrub'
Our Artemisia, a silvery-leafed shrub bordering our bee friendly garden, looks quite orange and black these days.
It's not for lack of water or some exotic disease. It's the ladybug (aka lady beetle) population.
If you look closely, you'll see eggs, larvae and pupae and the adults. And if you look even more closely, you'll see aphids.
The predator and the prey.
Bon appetit!
Larval Stage
Ladybug and a Pupa


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Capcom's Updating DmC, Devil May Cry 4 for Xbox One, PS4
The former's coming next March, while the latter won't arrive until next summer. Still! Pretty cool.
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Before we start buying holiday gifts on Amazon, we huddle up to discuss Captain Toad and Dragon Age and answer a whole bunch of your questions.
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These uncaffeinated clowns need a little tennis up in their sad faces. Jeff and Dan bring the balls.
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Oi, guv! Bosh your rocks for you? Have a jammy scone while you wait.
Unprofessional Fridays: 12/12/2014
Say what you will about jousting, slaughtering nazis, dating, gungeoning, and scoring. At least we do it unprofessionally.
Quick Look: Lara Croft and the Temple of Osiris
Brad and Dan meld together to form a puzzle solving, scarab skewering machine.
Bombin' the A.M. With Scoops and the Wolf: 12/12/2014
We survived this year's Game of the Year deliberations, but the show must go on, and the week's news must be talked about.
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What loot lurks in the dark below? Jeff and Brad dive into Destiny's first expansion to find out.
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text: Raised on a Minnesota crop and livestock farm, Fae Holin began her career at a small Wisconsin weekly newspaper and, for the past 32 years, has been on the writing staffs of The Farmer/The Dakota Farmer, USAgriculture, The Corn and Soybean Digest and Hay & Forage Grower. Fae was named Editor of Hay & Forage Grower in 2011 after serving as its Managing Editor for seven years. She writes, edits and enjoys traveling to farms and talking with growers and ag-industry people.


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Reviews - 7 Hotel Diner
3 | AA Assessed Hotel | Ratings explained |
For those with a technological mind, all our rooms contain Flat Screen TV's with a range of terrestrial and digital channels and there is WiFi broadband access throughout. In the morning, why not pick up your newspaper from outside your door, settle down with a mug of coffee before coming downstairs to the 7 Diner for a breakfast you won't forget! Or for those of you in a rush, why not book your "breakfast to go" and get on the road early!
We offer a range of rooms; singles, doubles and twin rooms. Plus our extremely popular family rooms and new Loft suite which sleeps up to three people, Please note ALL our rooms are non-smoking.
Our Diner offers the best in local and regional produce. Delicious chargrilled steaks, Burgers, Salads, Chicken, Gumbos and ribs and for desert ? irresistible smoothies and desserts will be freshly made in our imamculate open kitchen - adding a dash of Chef's flair for your entertainment! Our Diner has been exclusively styled and designed to reflect that great era of 1950's American Diners and the heyday of 1960's Great Britain!
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5 Great handsetlandwomble | 20/07/2012 | See all landwomble's reviews (1)These are excellent. Bought on recommendation of Hotukdeals for the mother in law. I'm a phone geek, and I'm pretty fussy. This is a *steal*. Nice build quality, fast, cheap, easy unlocking, Gingerbread clean ROMs readily available. I'd say it sits somewhere between an HTC Desire HD and a Galaxy S2. Really impressed, especially for the price.
3 Good and BadDingo9 | 09/06/2012 | See all Dingo9's reviews (2)Good enough Phone let down by an often sluggish screen response to touch - the camera is dreadful - lacking in detail and focus - evrything else is top notch - but they are 2 major flaws


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Wednesday, 13 May 2009
World's safest roads
There is a very large difference between the Netherlands and the UK in the approach which has been taken to reduce casualties.
Britain has achieved its safety in large part by removing the vulnerable and increasing the safety of crashing motorists. This has happened by several different means. Road designs are such that they discourage cycling, resulting in the UK having amongst the lowest cycling rate in the world. Children are increasingly transported by their parents cars and are comparatively rarely seen on the streets alone. Pedestrians are inconvenienced by waiting for light controlled crossings or take detours behind metal barriers. Many more roads in the UK have physicial barriers along them to prevent cars from crashing, and trees near roads are removed to make crashes safer.
These things have improved overall safety, but at the expense of convenience and safety of pedestrians and cyclists. They have lead to more driving as a result, and an increasingly dangerous situation on Britain's roads for cyclists.
The Dutch approach is very different. The Netherlands has the highest rate of cycling in the world. There are far more vulnerable road users and children in particular have a remarkable degree of freedom to roam. The convenience of cyclists in particular is paramount in design. These things individually could be seen to increase the level of danger to the vulnerable, but despite all of it the roads in the Netherlands are still safer than those in the UK, or indeed anywhere else in the world.
There is a problem here for those who promote cycling in the UK. While Britain's overall safety record is comparable with that of the Netherlands, British cyclists experience about four times the level of danger (it's seventeen times as dangerous to be a cyclist in the US. Reference at the same link). Increasing their numbers will lead to the UK's overall casualty rate worsening. The only way to counter this is to do what the Dutch have done and make the vulnerable less vulnerable. It is possible to do this at the same time as making cyclist's journeys more convenient.
"Safety in numbers" is as much wishful thinking as anything else. Dutch cyclists are safe not merely because they are numerous, but because they have infrastructure which is sympathetic to cycling and makes cycling safe. The same number of cyclists plonked down in, say, London, would not fare so well.
A look at other countries in the chart shows another possible future for Britain. Belgium, Italy, Austria, Denmark, Germany and Sweden all have higher cycling rates than the UK though lower than the Netherlands. They also all have worse overall road casualty figures. You can put this down to having infrastructure which is simply not quite so good as in the Netherlands.
If Britain is to grow its rate of cycling and improve its safety then it needs a radical change to the way that planning is done. Cycling needs to be both attractive and genuinely safe. Reliance on the myth of "safety in numbers" will not make cyclists safe on unsafe roads.
The Dutch give the credit for their extremely good result for road safety to the principles of Sustainable Safety.
Other people have reported the same results.
As for the other countries in the chart, some of you have a long way to go. American roads overall are nearly three times so dangerous as those in the Netherlands, but American cyclists experience 17x as much danger as their Dutch counterparts.
20 comments:
- 2whls3spds said...
About the same approach in the US. They keep mandating safety improvements to roadways and the automobile but do very little to improve the idiot behind the wheel. Driver education and training in the US is a huge joke. 40 hours of basic instruction and you are turned loose on the roads and if you manage to avoid getting caught you probably will never have to take a another test in your live time. Also a license is ridicously cheap. In North Carolina it is $4usd a year!
Aaron - 13 May 2009 at 03:22
- Ryan said...
I'm quite surprised to see us here (Canada) as high as that. I would have though Belgium to be safer than we are.
- 13 May 2009 at 11:02
- Rob said...
Yes, but if you rubbish the idea of 'Safety in Numbers' too forcibly, it perpetuates the idea held by many that cycling is dangerous and we should actively discourage people from doing it.
From my viewpoint, which is in the middle of central London's rush hour trying my best to avoid the shit cycle lanes, it feels strongly that safety IS improved by numbers. That's subjective. But subjective safety is important, as we all know.
And yes, planning sea-change, radical overhaul, drastic rethink, blah blah blah, of course, we know that. But how?
Moaning about crap facilities in blogs is all very well (and indeed a necessary and often amusing part of the picture).
Lobbying MPs and writing to councils and going to boring effing meetings is all very well too (and another, less amusing, necessary part of the picture).
But the only way we'll start to break the vicious anti-cyclist circle is by getting more of us on the roads. London is one place where it's happening, mainly - I believe - by the self-sustaining process of more people cycling because they see more people cycling.
So yes, let's be wary of comparing Greenwich with Groningen when it comes to judging effects of cycling critical masses. (And I don't mean 'Critical Masses'.)
But we mustn't be deflected from encouraging people onto bikes.
More people cycling more often, isn't that our aim?
Thanks for thought-provoking stuff as ever, David. - 13 May 2009 at 11:05
- townmouse said...
Hmmm. What about the figures released by the CTC recently showing that within the UK - with more or less the same cycling infrastructure - there is a safety in numbers effect with higher rates of cycling not leading to higher rates of death and serious injury? Sure, safety in numbers isn't everything, but it can't be dismissed altogether - and without numbers of cyclists increasing, there simply won't be the pressure on politicians, nor the overall consensus that will be needed, in order to build the proper infrastructure that's needed. As we just don't have the pragmatic approach of the Dutch to these things, in the UK we're going to have to meet the cycling culture half way...
- 13 May 2009 at 11:06
- David Hembrow said...
2whls3spds: Driver education only gets you so far. Dutch drivers are far from perfect. I don't really think their behaviour overall is much different to British drivers. The difference here is that highway improvements are not only aimed at improving motorists convenience and safety, but also at improving cyclists convenience and safety. This reduces the chance for conflict between motorists and cyclists.
Ryan: Belgian drivers have never particularly impressed me, and I suspect they are not so different to Canadian drivers. As the country has four times so many cyclists as Canada, but not the first rate infrastructure to support them, I think their figure is what you might expect.
Rob: Yes, "more people cycling more often" is my aim too. However, I don't think it is right to try to hide the truth when trying to achieve that aim. Unfortunately, the truth is that Britain's roads are getting less safe for cyclists right at the time that the authorities are claiming to have achieved their safest roads ever.
There is the problem. The authorities really are not bothered about cyclists. The level of cycling in London remains somewhere around 3% of journeys. It's about as good as you will get when infrastructure design pays only lip service to bikes. It really doesn't matter how much promotion is done, the "shit cycle lanes" you refer to and the general conditions elsewhere will prevent the majority from ever touching a bike.
Now, 3% is really awful. There is a long long way between that figure and even the lowest figure for any city in NL (the lowest is perhaps Rotterdam with around 20% of all journeys by bike). Many more "more people" need to be attracted to cycling in London than have been attracted already. Many more than can be attracted by a self sustaining process while conditions remain less than pleasant.
I'm afraid that if you want to see London become competitive with Dutch cities you need the infrastructure. There is really no alternative. "Sea-change, radical overhaul, drastic rethink" are exactly what are required.
Townmouse: I don't dismiss "safety in numbers" altogether. It's simply very very much smaller than it is often given credit for within the UK. Unfortunately, it has been jumped on by the anti cycle-path brigade as "proof" that cyclists don't need infrastructure. Long before the CTC report, this has been bandied about for over a decade, and of course going on about this has had no positive effect whatsoever on the cycling rate in that time.
There is an absolutely huge difference in the infrastructure between those countries where cyclists are most numerous and safest and those where they are less safe and less numerous. That, quite simply, is the reason for the difference in level of cycling. We see it time and time again here. When Assen spent a few million Euros on improvements over the last 3 years, the cycling rate rose again despite the population growing, and the city becoming larger in size.
It's about time that British planners and campaigners woke up to what has actually worked here, time and time again. It could work in the UK too. Carrying on their current path is very obviously not working.
I find the CTC report a little unimpressive. Comparing the unitary authority of York with a more normal county is not comparing like with like. Where is Cambridge, which has the highest cycling rate in the UK yet is missing from their report ? The figures for DK vs. NL appear to come from the Danish tourist board.
However, more fundamentally, when you have to argue over stats to convince people to do things, the argument has already been lost. People don't read stats. They simply do what feels safe and is convenient. - 13 May 2009 at 13:20
Although I find your blog very illuminating, and follow it with enjoyment, there is a sense in which it is rather depressing, for the following reason.
You write: "If Britain is to grow its rate of cycling and improve its safety then it needs a radical change to the way that planning is done." Yes indeedy – but that leaves individuals feeling pretty powerless, because what on earth can we do (even if we join campaigning organisations) that has a real chance of affecting the prevailing planning culture of car-centredness? "Cultures" are very resistant things.
It feels as if, at the grassroots level, UK cycling activists can do little more than prevent things getting even worse – and it's hard not getting sucked into stupid squabbles with both the daftie petrolheads and each other.
I read around transport issues quite a bit, in what I hope is a fairly intelligent way, but what good does this knowledge do me? What use can I put it to, other than the usual lobbying and petitioning that doesn't seem to have got us anywhere so far?
Or then again perhaps we're close to a cultural breakthrough but just can't see it yet? (I don't really think that, but I just have to say it to avoid sounding like a complete Eeyore). - 13 May 2009 at 18:04
- Gareth Rees said...
There was another report on a very similar subject published recently by the UK's National Audit Office that basically presented the same view you criticize here, that reducing total casualties is the goal, not casualties per distance travelled. (You can read my criticisms at my blog.)
I agree with your post, but as Martin Parkinson says above, "what on earth can we do?" because what we're doing at the moment is clearly not working. Much of the time we're talking to people who don't listen, campaigning just to stand still.
The Dutch achievements took decades of sustained effort and investment from politicians and civil servants. How did the politicians come to take the view that cycling was worth this kind of political commitment? How did they handle opposition from the general public who just wanted to drive their cars? Is there something we can learn from this history? - 13 May 2009 at 18:46
- David Hembrow said...
Martin, I can't say it isn't rather frustrating. I campaigned for many years in the UK and know exactly what it's like. Arguments between factions amongst cyclists and with motorists take much too much time. Trying to prevent the situation deteriorating takes up virtually all the rest. Frankly, Britain is going nowhere at the moment. I moved to somewhere that I am not only safer, but am considered to have some value as a cyclist.
Personally I think the fight is being fought in completely the wrong way. Present people with something that they want and they will ask for it.
To me, this means showing examples of desirable things. Something that the Netherlands has any amount of so far as cycling is concerned. That is why we run study tours (unlike the tour much publicized recently, ours have nothing to do with a railway company trying to renew its franchise) and post information about such things as children cycling to school, of how city centres and housing estates could look, and spelling out the ways in which cycling saves money and makes people healthier, leads to lower CO2 emissions and contributes to healthier, happier children.
If it were possible to get the argument in the UK moved onto those lines, I think cycling would suddenly be valued higher than it is now.
The reason why I think this approach would work better is that it has already happened. Twice. The renaissance in Dutch cycling the early 1970s came about due to concern about the welfare of Dutch children. At that time, cycling was far less safe, the numbers cycling were down, children were getting fatter etc. It was a similar story in Denmark a few years later.
Of course, you also need effective government who take charge of things and want to improve the life of the ordinary person. So far as I can tell, the last few days of parliament time in the UK have been taken up with trying to determine exactly how much corruption is OK rather than actually running the country...
Gareth: re: "sustained effort" You're right. Once the Dutch made the decision to do it, they have indeed sustained the same policies for decades. Mind you, the UK government has been just as consistent at promoting driving.
There is actually very little policy which could be considered to be "anti-car" in this country. There's no congestion charge as an extra "tax on drivers", and the proposed road charging scheme is to be revenue neutral - it just encourages people not to drive. Everyone's welcome to own a car, there is plenty of car parking virtually everywhere, and often it's free of charge. However, cycling is made more attractive still.
That's the key (hence the "carrot or stick" posts). People who drive today need to be encouraged out of their cars by something better, not whacked with a stick and made enemies out of.
Cycle campaigners should never criticise people who are simply responding to the conditions around them which make driving the easiest, fastest, safest way of getting about. For example, all those cars on the school run exist because people care for their children. Show them a better example and they'll perhaps want the same for their children.
Anyway, to come to the point. The Dutch approach was not one of confrontation but of opportunity. The message was not the negative "you'll have to pay to drive" but the positive "your children will be more healthy". Sugar catches more flies than vinegar. Much the same thing has continued ever since. Cycling is so very pleasant here, so very attractive, that 93% of the population are now regular cyclists and only 7% are "seldom or never" to be seen on a bike.
Cycling campaigners should never align themselves with anti car measures. It erects a barrier between "them" and "us", making it difficult for people who currently drive to see cycling as a good option.
Some of the comments here are worth reading too. - 13 May 2009 at 19:36
No doubt auto-centrism, once established, is difficult to reverse. Any ideas to support alternatives are typically met with polite laughter.
In the USA, the DOTs have a system in place that can react quickly when stimulus dollars are dangled. Alternative modes of travel like light rail is unprepared for this fight for dollars/support as explained by Goodspeed's remarks in Planetizen:
It seems to me that cyclist have any a steeper mountain to climb as half the current group of cyclists see no need for "special" infrastructure. Potential riders who believe that greater safety is needed (before they will use their bikes) are certainly the silent majority.
My experiences with families that prefer to cycle have moved back to Germany from the USA as they perceive (rightly or wrongly) that "cycling in the USA is too dangerous". They use to cycle their children, their most precious assets, to school and I appreciated cycling the roads with them.
Jack - 13 May 2009 at 19:41
- Gareth Rees said...
The renaissance in Dutch cycling the early 1970s came about due to concern about the welfare of Dutch childrenBut this can't be the whole story, because we have the same problem in the UK but the political response has been completely different. (That is, politicians and the media interpret the obesity epidemic as being all about diet rather than the fact that we've made our cities so dangerous that we dare not allow children out of the house on their own any more.)
Do you know if there's an English-language history about the origins of the Dutch cycling renaissance?
There is actually very little policy which could be considered to be "anti-car" in this country.This is about how policies are presented and interpreted. The same policy to introduce 20 mph speed limits could be spun as being for the sake of children's health or a dreadful imposition on the rights of motorists.
For example, the Netherlands in 1992 adopted a rule of strict liability in cases where the driver of a motor vehicle collides with a pedestrian or cyclist. I don't know how this rule is perceived in the Netherlands, but in the UK when a petition was presented calling for a similar law, the government response spun the request as one that would "unfairly penalise" motorists. - 13 May 2009 at 20:21
- David Hembrow said...
Gareth: You're right that a lot of it is about spin. However, complaints from motorists seem rare. There were not even any complaints when it was announced that the car parking at the local railway station is to be reduced by about a quarter to make room for more bikes.
Society here is less fragmented, which certainly helps. There is a lot more interest in the common good. Strict liability is an example of something to encourage civilised behaviour, and it is presented as such here.
There's an interesting short history here. It's one of several articles pointed to by the articles page on our website. - 13 May 2009 at 20:44
- spiderleggreen said...
I don't mind if your blogs are "depressing...". I'm happy for the perspective. I just take what I can use and leave the rest. While I do admit that cycling in my city leaves much to be desired(compared to a select few other cities), I see things headed in the right direction. Just keep calling it how you see!
I've heard that while in America, if a car hits a ped, they are automatically at fault, but in the UK it's almost the opposite. Is that true? - 15 May 2009 at 04:30
- coco said...
I agree with both David's presentation of the facts (and the need to avoid hiding these facts) but also Rob's point about encouraging cycling despite them. That said, I was in London last Mon&Tue and came back to Manchester thinking it's not so grim up North after all! Around the Euston / Bloomsbury area there's many more cycle lanes than anywhere in Manchester, yet weak enforcement means they don't amount to that much.
- 15 May 2009 at 09:51
- Ian Walker said...
As I understand it, the original Safety in Numbers idea, which is what the CTC are referring to, comes from an analysis by Jacobsen (Jacobsen, P.L. (2003). Safety in numbers: More walkers and bicyclists, safer walking and bicycling. Injury Prevention, 9, 205-209.)
Jacobsen showed that in any given location, if you increase the number of pedestrians or cyclists then the accident rate doesn't increase as fast as the number of vulnerable road users. So his safety in numbers idea doesn't really lend itself to international comparisons; he was just talking about what happens within a given country - or perhaps more likely, a given town - as the number of cyclists increases.
If his analysis is correct (and I don't see any real reason to doubt it) then there's no reason that increasing the number of cyclists in the UK wouldn't lead to better safety for all of them. However, I totally agree with your interpretation of why the UK's casualty rates have been falling: to a first approximation everybody is in a metal cage. - 15 May 2009 at 13:20
- Chris Hutt said...
I haven't done my homework on this subject yet, but my intitial impression is that some people are confusing correlation with causation.
There may well be a correlation between (a) higher cycling rates and (b) lower cycling casualties per distance travelled, but it doesn't follow that (b) follows from (a). It might be that (a) follows from (b) or that both derive from other factors (c), or a mixture of all those relationships.
To save me having to research this, does anybody know of any research to suggest causation rather than correlation? - 15 May 2009 at 15:04
- workbike said...
"Arguments between factions amongst cyclists and with motorists take much too much time."
I'm beginning to see similar problems here, where infighting weakens people fighting for change. Our local airport recently tried to make it happen, by suggesting two schemes which would affect two different villages in the hope they would fight each other, but fortunately the leader of the local environmental group pulled all the villages in the area together to make a united front.
Maybe we should start by agreeing to have truce on the subject of helmets and other things, and stop going out to annoy people who are driving, and then focus our energiy on specific issues. - 15 May 2009 at 15:46
- Chris Peck said...
Hi David,
CTC's full report, including the data for Cambridgeshire (no KSI data for Cambridge) is here:
http://www.ctc.org.uk/resources/Campaigns/0905_SiN_full_rpt.pdfCambridge scores very highly. York is higher because it has the highest level of cycling, but still only suffers from an average of 10 KSIs per year, whereas other areas, with very little cycle commuting, suffer the same levels.
We acknowledge in the report that safety in numbers may appear for various reasons, one of which is the fact that where there is more cycling, local authorities may do more to provide better facilities for cyclists, which may mean your cycle path paradise, or it may mean slower speeds and reduced motor traffic volume.
You say that the same effect won't happen in London. But it has - cycling has gone up 91% in ten years and cycle casualties are down by 33% since the 1994-98 average.
You also quote the Guardian article, which came from an NAO report into cyclists safety. They suggest that there has been an 11% increase in cycling KSIs between 2004 and 2007. Casualty data should only ever be taken against a three year rolling average.
As we told the Guardian:
Using the proper measures for cycle use and injuries shows that since 1994-98 – the baseline the government measure injuries against – cycling has increased by 7% (2005-07) but deaths have fallen by 23%, while KSIs have fallen by 34%.
The European numbers come from Eurobarometer, an annual survey of EU citizens.
Safety in numbers is a correlation. There are obviously lots of other factors involved. The point of it is to get over local authorities concerns that if they get more people cycling they will inevitably get more people injured and killed.
We also want to change the way the authorities measure injuries and start to look at risk, not just numbers. After all, presently the Netherlands (180 or so cyclists killed each year) is, in some ways, more 'dangerous' than Britain (130 cyclists killed each year). Of course that's nonsense, but that's the measure we use at the moment.
Chris Peck - 22 May 2009 at 13:58
- David Hembrow said...
Hi Chris, while many of the comments on this article have picked up on your report, and I've responded to them, it was not actually the subject of the blog post. Rather, the differing attitudes to road safety were the point of the post.
It is my view that without changes to infrastructure, Britain will simply never achieve a high cycling rate.
For as long as I remember, there have been cycle campaigners in the UK claiming an increase in the cycling rate, and pointing out that cycling is not particularly dangerous. I used to be one of them. However, I had the realisation some years ago that no-one starts cycling merely because of statistics.
In reality, apart from occasional blips, the rate of cycling in the UK has been in a long term decline for the last 50 years. Over those years, the conditions on the streets have become less and less pleasant for cycling.
Even if it were true that safety came only from numbers (which you presumbly don't believe either, having been here and seen the difference in infrastructure design), Britain simply can't achieve the numbers necessary to achieve that level of safety because the experience of cycling is simply too off-putting for the majority to take part.
That's the crux of the issue. Convincing local authorities to get people onto bikes isn't enough. Even if they want to, they can't convince people to do it. What you actually need is infrastructure which makes cycling into an attractive option.
You're right to say that comparing absolute numbers of cyclists killed is a nonsense. By that measure, the safest country for cyclists would be one where no-one cycled at all. However, that is in fact returning to the original point of the blog post.
British road design excludes what cyclists need. This has resulted in such low levels of cycling that no matter how dangerous it became, cyclists would make up just a small part of the overall casualty figures.
Overall road safety in the UK is good, but the result is reliant on having low levels of vulnerable road users. The opposite is true of NL. It's even safer for all - but with high levels of vulnerable road users. - 22 May 2009 at 16:45
- Florin said...
Romania on the 28th. Not bad considering that we are before U.S. Table could represent living standards in each country, with some exceptions
- 29 June 2010 at 18:45
- loki said...
- 6 March 2012 at 17:35


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quote:Rumor is he is transferring to Oak Hill next year.
quote:Maker is UNO bound.
quote:That one?
quote: Posted by Message tigermike2004 Thon Maker 7'0 freshman from Country Day I hear that u-high has the best pg since Livingston,also cjj son and Wayne Sims son! Are the all freshmen also?
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quote:WILL probably
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quote:Didn't Khalea Turner also try to attend CD
quote:Didn't Khalea Turner also try to attend CD ?


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Major Astro belongings go to Kan. history museum
Published on -9/18/2013, 7:12 AM
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WICHITA, Kan. (AP) -- The Kansas Museum of History has received several personal items that belonged to Tom Leahy Jr., who generations of Kansas children knew either as Major Astro or the weekend movie host in the television show, "The Host and Rodney."
Leahy, who died in 2010 at age 87, was from Wichita and portrayed Major Astro in the afternoon show, which first ran from 1962 to 1973. Leahy reprised the character briefly in 1985.
Leahy created Major Astro in large part because of America's focus at the time on outer space and astronauts. In the late 1940s, Leahy was a booth announcer at KAKE when he created the character and the show "The Host and Rodney" to introduce movies, The Wichita Eagle reported (http://bit.ly/184zgTh)
His widow, Wilma, has donated four boxes of Leahy's personal items and a painting to the Kansas Museum of History in Topeka.
Blair Tarr, curator at the Kansas museum, said items included the NASA-style jumpsuit Leahy wore and the jacket he wore as "The Host."
"I feel my late husband deserves recognition for all he did for television and radio," Wilma Leahy said.
Tarr said radio and television historical artifacts can be difficult to obtain.
"One of the things I'm most interested in is recent history," Tarr said. "This is a good illustration in the sense that history isn't always ancient. We often have to remind people of that."


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5 Move aside Jaws.. here comes Bait..!!rhino22 | 12/05/2013 | See all rhino22's reviews (39)I bought this movie for a dare.. (in terms of saying 'Is it one of those bad crappy films that need throwing in the bin' kind of scenario..)Obviously I was wrong. This flick is pretty good. The idea of a group of people trapped in a supermarket following a tsunami. Next thing, they're targeted by a great white shark. Despite this flick is also in 3D, it makes the movie more interesting.Some good performances there as well as the horrorific scenes, etc.Along with this movie, is a 'making of..' giving the viewers a real insight treat as to how the movie was made.. Cast and crew interviews as well.Can't go wrong with this flick.. This is definitely a treat for all movie fans.. I hope they do a sequel. An Australian answer to Jaws or Deep Blue Sea.. 10 out of 10..!
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3 not even abit scary but ok filmtazzys | 17/06/2013 | See all tazzys's reviews (59)i quite liked the sound of this film and wanted to try it out especially in 3D. i thought that it was just ok. nothing special. the acting wasnt terrible however it was quite comical at times. the effects were ok but not brilliant. although some bits were quite good that didnt involve the shark. it dragged on in places and the sharks always had a nack of being in the right place at the right time so in the end it wasnt shocking or scary just predictable and not enough suspense for me. its not one that ill watch over and over. if ever again to be honest.


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Every city seems to have its own answer to Williamsburg, Brooklyn — at least when it comes to hipsters. For Melbourne, Australia, that neighborhood is Fitzroy. Once a working-class suburb, the area is now becoming known for its gritty style. A recent trip there found locals dressed in quirky dresses, trucker hats, mixed patterns and, of course, an array of tattoos.
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quote:And why did it take so long?
quote:how about you give the names
quote:quote: Dpizz450 I don't know man. Take that down.
quote:Sev09 4 players academically ineligible I wish Tahj could get it together. Everyone else is NBD though.
quote:In this situation, the specifics may not be a great idea to share
quote:Lol the admins took it down
quote:to be academically ineligible, are not in compliance with LSU football expectations. and to call it an academic issue to me isn't fair.
quote:I liked my title better than yours.
quote:The causes may be many fold, but the issue is still academic.
quote:One wonders why Jeremy Hill and Terrance Magee haven't played, except for the fact that we are stacked at RB.


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The College News VOL. XVIII, No. 18 WAYNE AND BRYN MAWR,, PA, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 20, 1932 Price, 10 Centt Dr. Gray Has Valuable Order Will Gradually -Old Chinese Vases Evolve Out of Russia Main Artistic Factors Are Countess Skariatina, Author of Shape Color and Surface Texture Two Books, Says Crisis Was Inevitable VASES EDUCATE TASTE BARELY ESCAPED ALIVE (Specially Contributed By Dr. * Howard Gray) �A Chinese pot is an object to be looked' at rather than written about. Nonetheless, it is possible to note the aspects of it which' are naturally in Q.ne's mind when looking at it. From the artist's point of view these are primarily three. The first is the shape of the pot. Through being in the round it shares with sculptured, objects generally the advantage of changing its line and mass as the eye moves round about it. The possibili-1 ties of differing combinations are therefore numerous. The line of the top of a bowl varies from being a circle to being ellipses of different widths, while the supporting lines of the sides are elongated or shortened at will. Perhaps the diversion to be. got from these shifting combinations of line are the subtlest ones which many pieces of pottery give us; andl it is the distinction of the Tang per-| iod (seventh to ninth centuries) that it created the best shapes. A second aspect of a pot is its color. In this it is more akin to a painting, especially to an abstract one. Al- though earlier Chinese pots are usu- ally in one or two colors, the grada- tions and hence the refinements are considerable. Age and burial have often given delicacy. The rather com- monplace grten of a Han jar may have changed into irridescent silver. There are three such in Wanamaker's at the moment. Later centuries experiment- ed extensively in colors, the Sung, Yuan and Ming periods (tenth to six- teenth centuries), devloping many which were rich, many splendid. Ming and still later centuries turned to blue-and-white, in which again every- thing depended in the qualities of these tones. There were never the raw blues of modern wares. From Sung days there was painting on pots and to this technique blues-on-white particularly lent itself. The third aspect of a pot is more peculiar to it, although here the im- mediate relationship is with ivories and silks. This aspect is surface tex- ture. Three elements go to the mak- ing of the surface of a pot�the body of the clay, which sometimes show through and in porcelain adds trans- lurency, the slip or color pigment, and the glaze. The excellence of each of the three and of the combination var- ies greatly. In Han and in most Tang pots it is not great. In the Sung period it reaches what many think its height; but the older col- lectors, preferred the sumptuous por- celains of the sixteenth and later cen- turies. Many of the collections in our museums (perhaps for this reason) are rich in these and a collection to be sold in New York this week seems to have many of them. Any taste can thus be met by the great diversity in Chinese pots. And�what is more im- portant�any taste can be educated by carefully looking at them. From the hierarchic forms of the bronzes of Han days to the boudoir dainties of Chieng Lung, all are there. Registration Mrs. Manning hopes that all stu- dents will give considerable thought to their registration for courses for next year, as classes were held up for ten days this fall due to numerous changes. If a student is hesitant about the selection of her major course, she should discuss the vari- ous possibilities with the heads of the departments in question, and get all the advice she can' before making her decision. Changes in schedule will be heavily penaihted next fall, if the Dean's office has not been notified of these changes by letter before Septem- ber fifteenth. "The world must go on. It is a pity aboufthe lovely things that are destroyed, but their destruction is in- evitable." With this astonishing phil- osophy, the Countess Irina Skaria- tina, heiress of a thousand years of Imperialist tradition, summed up the cataclysm of the Russian revolution. The courage needed to take a liberal view of the Soviet, admitting that good has come to the Russian people along with the necessary evil "that they killed us all off," has been mas- tered by this exile, who admits "that the old regime had become an ana- chronism in the twentieth century.� They (the aristocrats) make the mis- take of thinking that all good in Rus- sia was their class, but serfs, have the right of free speech and educa- tion." Education for the masses is, one of the best points of Soviet rule, she said, and when asked whether this education, almost pure propaganda, were not stunting, answered, "Yes, but when the students grow up, they will realize the falsity of what they have learned, and this education will act as a boomerang against the head Bolsheviks." She, herself, during the War, came under the influence of Lib- eral ideas, first as a War nurse and then as a medical student. "I must seem slightly 'Red' to my friends, but contact with another world enabled me to see the defects of Imperialism." Her feeling is that if Communism spreads, it will travel by means of the student class, in which it originated in Russian, not as Communism, but as a. movement against a rigid despot- ism. But since the Communist leaders have carried their revolution of cus- toms and religion so far, the pendu- lum is certain to swing back. "They bring up children without religion, but later the emptiness will become apparent, and the children, as men and women, will need religion and turn back to it. There will be an economic reaction also, as the peasant cannot bear standardization, but "likes to have his horse, and his plot, and cow." The new eduaction itself has to cling to old standards to a certain extent, especially in art. Countess Skaria- tina praised the music as being "on quite a high plane," and said that many found the new art interesting, also. Her liberality, however, was appar- ently not the result of any'kind treat' ment she received at the hands of the Communists, who imprisoned and sen- tenced her to death, from which she was saved by the American^ Relief Administration, in October, 1922, when she was grudgingly allowed to | leave the country. This was a small [concession, as she was practically | dead, "not having missed a trick" in the whole upheaval, as she lightly put it. The nerve-wracking periods from the setting up of the Soviet govern- ment until her release in 1922 was filled with wild scares. One awful ! day it was rumored that Trotsky, "who wanted to guillotine us all" had prevailed over Lenin, and that guillo- tines were being brought into the city. "Sure enough, when we looked out the window into Nevsky Prospect, we saw carts bearing long black boxes entering the square. We were more curious than scared, however, and when it turned out that the boxes did not contain guillotines it didn't make much difference." -----------------------------------------------------------------------------T7----------------------- Calendar Thurs., April 21, 8.40 A. M.: President Park will speak in Chapel. Sat., April 23, 9.00 A. M.: French Language Examination. Cornelia Otis Skinner as Sacrapant Cornelia Otis Skinner, who is shown above as she appeared in the presentation of Old Wives Tale on May Day eight, years ago. will, as Queen Elizabeth, apain participate in the May Day festivities at Bryn Mawr. Under the auspices of the Cosmopolitan Club, Miss Skinner is now appearing before Philadelphia audiences in her dramatic sketch. The Wives of Henry VIII, which attracted so much attention in New York this season. The News highly recommends her performance and will publisn a review in the next issue. The role of Sacrapant is traditionally considered to demand the most striking exhibition of acting ability. Miss Margaret Barker, who is now connected with the Group Theatre, took the part in 1928. This year it will be played by Miss Betty Young, '32, who directed the production of Berkeley Square this fall. K. Hepburn Playing in The Warrior's Husband The Warrior's Husband, a comedy in which Katharine Hepburn, Bryn Mawr, 1928, is now appearing, has brought to Broadway an entirely new comic theme. The plot is based on the ninth labor of Hercules, which is to gain the girdle of Hippolyta. The land of the Amazons is ruled by women; the men spend their time in riding side-saddle and flirting hopefully with every young warrior that comes their way. Hippolyta, ably and force- fully played by Irby Marshall, spends her time digging up wata to amuse her army, and hunting with her sis- ter, Antiope, played by Katharine Hepburn. Sapiens Pomposius, a young lad, who appears in a curled Assyrian beard and a silk robe,- which he is "dying to wash to see If the color is' fast," becomes, through the machina- tions of his mother, the husband of Hippolyta, a unqiue position in Pon- tus. Then comes the invasion of the Greeks, which provokes much mirth because the army is made up of men. Hercules turns out to be a tremendous creature who prefers to be called "Here," and who runs screaming from Antiope when she frowns at him; Theseus is the bravest of the Greeks and devotes himself seriously to the acquisition of Antiope, who is much baffled at being the pursued instead of the pursuer; there is also Homer, who is covering the expedition for a news- paper syndicate and who writes the herald's speeches for him, enquiring nervously if his "iambic pentameters knocked 'em cold?" The Warrior's Hutband is unique in that it combines action with its comic lines instead of relying for its effect on lines spoken in a static posi- tion. The plot is amusing in itself, and the stage is never quiet; an army marches across it or a herald comes panting in on the average of once every five minutes. The humor of the sitaution is apparent and is empha- sized by having all the Amazon men at least four inches shorter than the women. The honors of the production go to Romney Brent for his Sapiens. He plays always very close to the line, but never once does he allow bis (Continued on Page Three) Geology of Western Shore Studied by Field Trip Eight geology students and the en- tire geology staff motored last week- end to the little town of Prince Fred- erick, Md., on the first long field trip which the department has offered. Al- though stops were made along the way, a study of the cliffs along the western shore of the Cheaspeake Bay was the most important feature of the journey. Fair weather and novel surroundings contributed to its suc- cess. The face of the cliffs exposes ma- rine and fossil on which Dr. Dryden is an authority. Under his direction, the beaches were combed for ray plat- ed, sharks' teeth, bits of coral and vertebrate bone, all relics of a time when the shore was an ocean bottom, teeming with life. The hope of dis- covering another whale, such as D,r. Dryden unearthed several years ago, was unfortunately disappointed, in spite of several false alarms. An appreciation of the ardours of scientific research was obtained dur- ing the course of a half-mile wading expedition along in the bay, alternate- (Continued on Page Four) Johnson Lectures on Modern Architecture International Style Shown to be Influenced by Last Two Centuries NEW STYLE IN AMERICA Elections" The Bryn Mawr League an- nounces the election of the Board for 1932-1933: President�Ellinor Collins. Secretary-Treasurer � Helen Leidy. Sunday services � Josephine Rothermel. Bates House�Marjorie Lee. Assistant, Bates House�Jane Parsons. Summer School�Silvia Bow- ditch. Social Work � Susan Tor- rance. Maids�Emmaline Snyder. Maids' Vespers � Marjorie Trent. Industrial group discussion� Ruth Bertolet. Americanization, Bryn Mawr �To be elected. Blind School�To be elected. Haverford Community Center �Carmen Duany. Mr. Philip Johnson traced the de- velopment of the architectural schools of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries which influenced the pres- ent International School of 1981-32, in his lectures before the Modern Art class, Tuesday and Friday of last week. A Romantic movement, a revival of Classical Romanique, and Gothic ten- dencies swept over Europe in the nine- tenth' century, following the decline of Baroque. This school evinced a longing t'nr the distjnt in time and in place, and laid its emphasis on the un- usual. As the age progressed, eclec- ticism of style, the rejuvenating of an old accepted design by the architect's personality, resulted in eclecticism of taste, the feeling that the more like a forgery a building was, the better it was. This movement ushered in, at the same time, a spirit of. freedom, which accomplished two important things. It encouraged simplicity in decoration, and blazed the trail for the advent of rationalism in structure. In France this movement resulted iu a formalized Academism, unpre- tentious and restrained. In England, a Gothic revival flourished, of which the House of Parliament, designed by Sir John Soane, with their florid richness of detail, are by-products. In Germany the movement reached its greatest development. Schinkel (1781- 1841), Germany's finest Romantic architcet. practically designed the Berlin of the thirties. He exercised discipline in the use of "sprayed-on" ornament, and was a firm adherent of rationalism, which is "the ten- dency to base the architectural plan of the house upon its functional lines, considered from an engineering point of view." It provides that the facade should reveal all these basic lines and abandons the axial type of design so commonly used in Baroque buildings. In America the Romantic feeling took form in a strict Greek revival. To the inherited spirit of classicism was added a sense of scale and a desire to create big and effective structures. Richardson (1838-1886), America's greatest architect at this period, fol- lowed Schinkel's theories of function- alists In the early nineteen hundreds, there were a number of somewhat un- related movements which eventually came to be, fused into International Style. The use of steel in the con- struction of buildings was regarded at first as a tour-de-force, and stone vaulting and piers were considered for a long time indispensable sup- ports for steel itself. Now, however, with the advent of metal in place of masonry, strict engineering forms are made the basis of architectural design. Wagner, of Vienna, was the first to adopt this principle and as such he was the founder of the New or Independent Style (1895-1927). A second movement (1903), known as the Viennese, was unimportant except for the achievement of a new type of facade decoration, good but "finicky," which used tilts almost exclusively. The Paris Exposition of 1925 creat- ed a zig-zag design, fantastic, mod- ernistic, and of no continuity or dis- cipline, which has been used to great continued on'Pane Three) Overwork The Curriculum Committee has in- vestigated the complaints of bver- work, and discovered a rather unani- mous criticism of some courses, and no vigorous opposition to the amount of work in others. The results of the inquiry will be referred to the faculty. If the desired adjustments are not made, any further complaints should be brought to the attention of mem- bers of the student committee.
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Stephen C. Rubin, MD
Last Modified: June 9, 2002
Dear OncoLink "Ask The Experts,"
Stephen C. Rubin, MD, Professor and Chief of the Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, responds: Primary peritoneal cancer is a malignant tumor arising from the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity. It tends to behave in a fashion very similar to cancer of the ovary, and can look identical under the microscope. The standard treatment is the same as for ovarian cancer. Typically, surgery is performed to remove as much of the tumor as possible, and then chemotherapy is administered. The chemotherapy drugs used are commonly carboplatin and paclitaxel, as are used for ovarian cancer, although other agents may be employed as well. |
Jun 4, 2013 - For women with advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who have undergone surgery and first-line chemotherapy, maintenance therapy with pazopanib is associated with significant longer median progression-free survival versus placebo, according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, held from May 31 to June 4 in Chicago.


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There's an old adage that says the quickest way to lose friends is to discuss politics and religion.
This has happened on every forum that I have been a part of. I enjoy a spirited political debate as much as anyone, but I have seen from experience that these discussions eventually consume the forum and change the tone to an unpleasant one. They distract from the real reason why we're here...
Who goes to a political forum a posts about pizza?


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Deep-Dish Dough Calculating Tool
March 29, 2007, 02:56:07 PM »
Today, another dough calculating toolthe Deep-Dish Dough Calculating Toolhas been added to the tools page of the forum. The tool can be accessed at
. As with the recently updated Lehmann tool, the Deep-Dish tool was developed by Boy Hits Car (Mike). It was designed specifically to work with deep-dish dough formulations, using ingredients that are commonly found in doughs for the deep-dish style, and particularly the Chicago style of deep-dish pizzas. Many of the features of the new tool are similar to those used in the Lehmann calculator but there are several features that are unique to the new tool.
The Deep-Dish tool is intended to be used with proven dough formulations--of which there are several on the forum--where there is a known set of workable bakers percents. Beyond that, one is free to experiment and create new dough formulations, but with the caution that entering a given set of data into the tool does not guarantee a workable dough formulation. But, within the parameters of the tool, there should be many opportunities to devise new and creative dough formulations.
The following is a summary of the features and attributes of the new tool:
Thickness Factor and Dough Weight Options
. As with the recently updated Lehmann calculator, the new tool gives users two options by which the ingredients and their quantities can be specifiedthe Thickness Factor option and the Dough Weight option. To use the Thickness Factor option, the user enters a known thickness factor (TF), a set of workable bakers percents, the desired number of pizzas (up to 999), and data related to the type and size of pan used (described more fully in the following section Pan Shapes and Sizes). When this option is selected, the user can choose the desired shape of the pizza, either round or rectangular.
To use the Dough Weight option, the user enters a starting dough weight, a set of bakers percents, and the desired number of dough balls (up to 999). The dough ball weight can be specified in either grams or ounces. There is no need with this option to use a thickness factor.
In each of the above scenarios, the Deep-Dish tool will produce a set of data (ingredients and quantities) corresponding to the data entered into the tool.
Pan Shapes and Sizes
. The Deep-Dish tool can accommodate deep-dish pans of different shapes and sizes, including cast-iron pans/skillets that are sometimes used to make deep-dish pizzas. In particular, the tool can handle round pans with straight or sloping sides, and it can handle rectangular pans. The user is prompted for pan-related information (style, size and dimensions) only when using the Thickness Factor approach. As a precautionary measure, if a user enters the top and bottom diameters of a sloping-sided pan in the wrong sequence, the tool will note the error and prompt correction.
At this juncture, the rectangular pan option is considered to be largely experimental and untested inasmuch as there is little evidence of commercial adoption of rectangular shaped deep-dish pizzas that are simply rectangular versions of the classic Chicago round deep-dish style. For this reason, the tool as currently constituted works only with straight-sided rectangular pans. However, as a practical matter, the amount of dough required for either pan of the same general dimensions will be similar, with the possibility of a small amount of dough being left over when using the sloping-sided rectangular pan.
Stuffed Pizza Option
. Because of the popularity of stuffed deep-dish pizzas among some of our members, the Deep-Dish tool gives users the option of requesting a quantity of dough to be allocated to the separate layer of dough as is characteristic of that style of deep-dish pizza. Since that layer can be of a thickness different than that of the rest of the crust, the user is prompted to specify a part of the total dough batch, by percent, to be used for the separate dough layer. The percentage figure in any given situation will usually be determined through experience and testing different values. The tool currently states a recommended percentage range of 25-33%.
Bowl Residue Feature
. As with the Lehmann tool, the Deep-Dish tool allows users to increase the quantities of the dough ingredients to compensate for minor losses of dough that can occur during preparation (due to flour, water and dough sticking to bowls, implements, fingers, work surfaces, etc.). This is done by specifying a particular percent increase. That percent will vary from case to case, but unless one is making a very wet or sticky dough it will usually be less than 4%. It is anticipated that users will determine the best percent to use in any given situation based on experience. If the finished dough exceeds the desired final dough weight, those with scales can always trim the final finished dough of the excess.
It will be noted that when the Thickness Factor method is used, the final thickness factor reflecting the bowl residue amount will appear in the data section, and also in a printout of the results produced by the Deep-Dish tool. To preserve all of the data, including the initial thickness factor before compensation, it is strongly recommended that users print out a copy of the completed page, using the Print button provided for this purpose.
Expanded Data Fields
. Also as with the Lehmann tool, the Deep-Dish tool has expanded data fields for several of the boxes into which values are entered so that users can enter numbers with several decimal places. This should allow for increased precision and fine-tuning of the results produced by the tool, particularly for those who convert existing recipes to bakers percents and calculate thickness factors and the like and end up with numbers with several decimal places. It will be noted that if a user fails to enter a number into a box as required, that is, the entry box is left completely blank, the failure to enter a number (even a 0) will cause the error expression NaN to appear in the data section.
Copy Feature
. A Copy button is included in the Deep-Dish tool to allow users to copy information from the textual data section into posts or some other document, such as a Word document that might be used to compose replies to be posted on the forum. The information copied can be entered directly into the posts or other documents, by using a menu paste command or a Control + V keyboard command. Using the Copy button ensures that all of the data line up, thereby eliminating the need to do corrective realignment work when previewing replies to be posted on the forum.
. To accommodate the many variations of deep-dish doughs, the tool offers an extensive selection of ingredients in addition to the usual flour, water, yeast and salt. For example, there are four different oil choices: corn oil, olive oil, canola oil, and vegetable (soybean) oil. As a practical matter, the weight-to-volume conversions are quite similar for the four oils, but they are treated separately in the list of ingredients so that users of more than one oil can keep track of which oils were used and their percents, all of which will show up in the results produced by the tool, and be conveniently available if the final page is printed out.
There are also four solid-fat choices: butter/margarine (which may be salted or unsalted), shortening, and lard. And three other grain ingredients sometimes found--or preferred by some--in deep-dish doughs: cornmeal, corn flour, and semolina. A potato flour option is also provided for those who may wish to use that flour in their deep-dish pizzas. There are several salt choices, including the option of selecting no salt, as is common in some Chicago-style deep-dish doughs (e.g., Malnatis).
For those who are interested in the Ginos East style of deep-dish pizza, the ingredients list also includes cream of tartar (1% recommended) and yellow food coloring. Ginos East currently uses FD&C #5 and #6 yellow food coloring in its doughs. The food coloring used in the ingredients list of the Deep-Dish tool is based on McCormicks FD&C #5 yellow food coloring, as found in most major supermarkets. Because the quantities of the coloring needed are small--no more than 0.62% by weight of flour (a maximum of 1/2 teaspoon per pound of flour)--the tool specifies quantities below 1/4 teaspoon by drops and by the fraction of teaspoon. Above 1/4 teaspoon, where the number of drops becomes very high and difficult to accurately dispense, the tool specifies only the actual volume measurement.
Baker's Percents Usage.
This tool is intended to work with normal baker's percents, and entries should be made as such in the tool. There should be no leading 0s. For example, if the hydration percent is 52%, it should be entered into the applicable field in the tool as the number 52, not 052. Otherwise, the results will be incorrect.
I hope the tool proves useful and, as usual, I welcome feedback and comments from our members.
Last Edit: July 07, 2012, 03:00:14 PM by Pete-zza
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Re: Deep-Dish Dough Calculating Tool
Reply #1 on:
March 30, 2007, 08:30:03 AM »
Nice job, guys!
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Re: Deep-Dish Dough Calculating Tool
Reply #2 on:
November 29, 2010, 02:58:09 PM »
Hi Pete-zza,
Where do I find "a known thickness factor (TF)"?
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Re: Deep-Dish Dough Calculating Tool
Reply #3 on:
November 29, 2010, 03:07:27 PM »
Not all deep-dish pizzas have the same thickness factor. So, you will have to find the thickness factor that applies to the particular deep-dish dough formulation you are using. As you will see from Reply 1 at
, a typical range of thickness factors for a Chicago deep-dish style pizza based on what I have found on the forum is about 0.11-0.135.
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Posts: 316
Age: 58
Location: Duvall WA
Re: Deep-Dish Dough Calculating Tool
Reply #4 on:
December 01, 2010, 11:33:23 AM »
Hi Pete-zaa,
A big help to me would have been sample values from a dough recipe that could be put into the calculator. Once I figured out that the %'s in the BTB's first post in the Malnati thread were values that you would input into the calculator I was able to figure out how to use it. This and some baseline Thickness Factors.
Thanks for the help and the great tool.
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This nine-hole, par 32 golf course has three water holes, a driving range and a practice green.
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Results tagged ' Rangers Ballpark in Arlington '
New stadiums, new memories
By Brad Horn
This week, Major League Baseball and New York will welcome two new shrines, as the Mets christen Citi Field on Monday night and the new Yankee Stadium (everything old is new again) will host its formal inauguration Thursday.
We'll be documenting both of these openings in Cooperstown with artifacts that capture this moment in time for future generations. Look for updates this week as we share our latest donation items with you.
When future generations of fans look back on this week, it's likely they'll say these stadiums represent the last of a new breed. For the last 20 years, baseball stadiums have been constructed at a rate, and a cost, never before seen in our game's history.
The 1990s unleashed a fury of new ballparks, when the old seemingly was not enough. Toronto ('89), Chicago, Baltimore, Cleveland and Arlington got the ball rolling. Soon, Atlanta, Seattle, Detroit, San Francisco and Houston followed suit, as did an entirely rebuilt Angels Stadium in Anaheim. Expansion clubs Colorado ('95) and Arizona ('98) christened new ballparks, while Tampa Bay and Florida also established new traditions, albeit in fairly older structures. The 21st century welcomed new parks in Milwaukee, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Philadelphia, San Diego, St. Louis and Washington. Just this offseason, Kansas City's Kauffman Stadium underwent a major renovation. Boston's Fenway Park, long a stalwart, has had multiple facelifts throughout the last 10 years.
In fact, only Wrigley Field (Chicago), Dodger Stadium (Los Angeles), the Metrodome (Minneapolis) and Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum (Oakland) are the last major structures not enduring entire overhaul or replacement since the era of the new ballpark began 20 years ago. The Met will join the list of replaced stadiums next year as Minneapolis welcomes a new outdoor home.
What will become of the next phase of ballparks? Which of the "new" will be the first to be deemed "outdated?"
One thing is for sure — no period in baseball history is likely to see as much change as we have witnessed in the last two decades.
Visitors to Cooperstown can celebrate stadiums of past and present in Sacred Ground, an exhibit dedicated to the ballpark experience, only at the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.
Brad Horn is the senior director of communications for the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.


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