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Reinsurance in a strategic context. Our conversation begins with client goals and challenges. We work to understand your broad financial landscape before making recommendations for a specific solution. We explore potential opportunities as well as the challenges at hand – and those that may be lurking on the horizon. Then we work through the data – oceans of it – and by combining it with the industry's most sophisticated analytics, develop a comprehensive view of the risk and the best way to transfer it in line with your goals and objectives.
A superior result is our business model. New clients are often surprised by the depth of the team we assign to their business. We bring expertise from wherever it resides, whenever it is needed, regardless of our client's size or geographic footprint: Every client gets the A Team every time.
The Guy Carpenter Analytics group helps you anticipate and respond to catastrophic events in real time.
Modeling your portfolio. With an unbiased and longstanding history of using catastrophe models to help our customers make strategic decisions about retaining, mitigating, and transferring risk, we evaluate data and the models, explain divergent model answers, and offer alternative approaches to ensure our customers are the best informed.
GC RealCat* leverages real-time weather and earthquake event tracking to anticipate how an event may affect an insurer's portfolio and help efficiently manage cat response deployment. *patent #7,949,548
CAT-i & RISK-i Reports consolidate the best available information on natural and man-made events likely to result in significant losses. They summarize the situation, map the impact, provide damage estimates and track the flow of claims.
Guy Carpenter's Agriculture Specialty practice develops comprehensive reinsurance solutions for agriculture risks worldwide, helping clients quantify exposures and manage portfolios for profitability.
The practice includes coverage for growing crops, forestry and plantations, livestock and animal mortality, aquaculture and related enterprises. The susceptibility of crops to weather-related perils calls for sophisticated modeling solutions to quantify the risk from these perils. In addition to quantifying weather risks from a reinsurance perspective for clients, Guy Carpenter also assists clients with underwriting and pricing tools that help maximize the profitability of their primary portfolios. Where models are insufficient, or lacking altogether, we have developed our own, including a proprietary fund allocation model and an intra-season predictive model for the U.S.
The Agriculture specialty is also actively involved in collaborating with academic institutions to develop innovative and efficient risk transfer tools for the farming community worldwide.
Guy Carpenter's tool suite enables us to estimate losses for agriculture books of business, and model risks in creative ways, which in turn enables the development of better reinsurance solutions for our clients.
To learn how we can help you improve the performance of your agriculture portfolio, please contact:
Guy Carpenter's Aviation and Aerospace practice is widely regarded as one of the best in the world, delivering the most advanced technologies – and vast practical experience.
In a field where pilots' expertise is measured by time in type, the Guy Carpenter team has hundreds of years' experience in every category of flight coverage: balloon, light aircraft, corporate jet, airline, rotor wing, aerospace manufacturers, and satellites, both during launch and in orbit. Guy Carpenter's unique scale, scope and specialization enable us to create bespoke reinsurance solutions for clients of any size, in any geography.
Clients are supported by analytics and contract experts who also specialize in aviation. One-of-a-kind analytic engines are powered by the industry's most comprehensive loss database and exhaustive aircraft-specific data, including usage, routing structures, passenger mix and valuations.
To learn how our team's unique experience can work for you, please contact:
Guy Carpenter's Construction/Engineering All Risk Specialty division delivers smartly structured capacity for all classes of engineering and contractor's risks, worldwide.
Our trademark combination of fresh thinking and deep experience in every market has made our team a first choice for start-ups as well as industry leaders around the world. Our London-based team builds both traditional and innovative solutions for single project and annual policy exposures. We place a full spectrum of treaty reinsurance programs, specifically tailored for each individual client, including excess of loss and pro rata treaties in addition to facultative support when needed.
Advanced engineering modeling tools and analytical skills provided through GC Analytics® have enabled us to develop an enhanced understanding of engineering and construction project risks over time. Exposure outputs from these tools can be utilized by catastrophe models and other financial tools to spotlight precisely the effect reinsurance can have on capital (economic, regulatory, Lloyd's RBC) and illuminate the impact that various reinsurance structures can have on underlying pricing, profitability, and risk.
To learn more about how our forward-looking solutions can work for you, please contact:
Guy Carpenter's Credit, Bond and Political Risk practice is a global leader in these classes. The team has over 100 years combined experience advising a global client base, providing vital support through the fluid landscape and uncertainties of established and emerging markets.
Our clients benefit from our unique market awareness, born of continuous dialog with all international reinsurers. Guy Carpenter is itself organized for client benefit, with critical know-how shared across every Guy Carpenter office worldwide. We deliberately spread our renewal dates throughout the year, so every client enjoys our complete attention. We pride ourselves on providing genuine value added service to our clients.
Our specialized knowledge, analytic skills and largest market share provide our clients with superior reinsurance intermediation, giving them the confidence they need to grow in a volatile environment. We engineer one-of-a-kind solutions for each client, calibrated exactly to business goals. Through our diverse backgrounds we deliver innovative risk management and capital relief solutions to our clients. We have a long list of satisfied clients for whom our innovative and bespoke product designs have proved optimal. We would be happy to provide you with their contact details for reference purposes.
To learn more about how Guy Carpenter can help you thrive in a dynamic environment, please contact:
Guy Carpenter's Cyber Solutions Specialty team helps our clients position themselves for years of profitable growth in this relatively young market.
Guy Carpenter has pioneered and expanded cyber liability solutions since 1999. Our comprehensive knowledge of the space, its market dynamics, and our diversified client base within it, enable us to assist our clients at every phase of product development and reinsurance placement. We can help you add cyber coverage to your existing product suite through our relationships with best-in-class third-party providers, and meet the challenges of obtaining comprehensive reinsurance coverage for a systemic event. Our MetaRisk® capital modeling tool has been customized to consider the systemic and attritional loss exposures inherent in cyber liability.
We have assisted in placing standalone cyber liability treaties for mature portfolios and created innovative solutions for regional and mutual carriers. Guy Carpenter's industry-leading database helps clients understand probable losses in their growing cyber risk portfolios – and price their changing exposures with confidence.
To learn more about how we can help you achieve profitable growth in this expanding arena, please contact:
Within EMEA, Guy Carpenter handles a wide range of Casualty business including Motor, Employers' Liability/Workers Compensation Act (EL/WCA), General Third Party Liability (GTP), Professional Indemnity, Directors & Officers (D&O) as well as highly-specialized classes such as Environmental Insurance Liability (EIL), Cyber Liability, Warranty & Indemnity and Products Guarantee.
Whatever the class of business, the teams at Guy Carpenter are consistent in providing clients with:
Working with our clients in a collaborative way, we empower them to make optimal decisions for their business.
Casualty business within EMEA is conducted in three teams:
Guy Carpenter's Environmental Liability specialty practice helps our clients succeed by reducing reinsurance costs, managing risks – and connecting with new customers.
Customized solutions help Guy Carpenter clients differentiate themselves to reinsurers in a crowded marketplace, thereby realizing better pricing and terms. In addition to customized representation, Guy Carpenter is also innovating reinsurance design. For example, our revolutionary reinsurance structure streamlines recoveries, reduces ceded premiums and expands the available reinsurance market for our clients. An exclusive environmental loss database and powerful analytics allow us to model an expanding range of risks, providing clients with a deeper understanding of their portfolios – and possibilities.
Guy Carpenter's unique market knowledge is a potent asset for carriers entering the environmental field; and our client base provides a global platform for those seeking to grow. We routinely facilitate partnerships that help our clients round out their product offerings and reach potential new customers.
To learn how our team's unique experience can work for you, please contact:
Guy Carpenter's E&S Specialty is a team of dedicated specialists that deliver E&S-specific business intelligence, customized market analysis and peer group data to help clients gain a competitive advantage and achieve profitable growth.
The excess and surplus lines (E&S) insurance carriers in the United States provide an essential market for exposures that fall outside the standard market, especially the most hazardous risks and emerging perils. Guy Carpenter has been the leading E&S reinsurance broker in the U.S. for decades and our knowledge and experience in this market is unmatched. Guy Carpenter's Excess & Surplus Lines Specialty Practice helps a wide range of E&S providers develop and implement innovative strategies to best underwrite and manage the unique high-hazard risks of this segment.
The practice provides clients with dedicated sources of stable capital, including Guy Carpenter's Umbrella and Property Facultative facilities. We also deliver integrated point-of-sale underwriting capabilities and growth analysis. With Guy Carpenter's Rating Advisory team, our practice will provide guidance and solutions that address all A.M. Best and BCAR-related issues now facing clients.
To learn more about how the Guy Carpenter E&S Specialty Practice is uniquely positioned to provide E&S insurers with the strategic advice they need to reach their full growth and profit potential, please contact:
Guy Carpenter's Casualty team possesses the technical sophistication and market savvy to create value for our clients wherever they choose to do business.
Guy Carpenter has a profound understanding of how different casualty lines and markets behave. We equip our clients with both the granular knowledge and strategic insights they need to manage capital and achieve profitable growth. Our broking and actuarial specialists are the most technically proficient in the field, with unmatched success in structuring complex casualty transactions. We can provide:
To learn more about how our Casualty specialists can help you realize your business goals, please contact:
Guy Carpenter's Life and Health Specialty team helps clients deploy new solutions for clients exposed to some of humankind's most fearsome perils.
Continuous innovation enables our Life and Health team to customize efficiently for almost any challenge: from a local health insurer in Africa to the largest life insurers in the U.S. We support each client with world-class experts in the perils people fear most – disease, terror, accident and disability. Our solutions, together with the world's most advanced analytics, help clients face a rapidly changing risk landscape with confidence.
One-of-a-kind solutions change what's possible for insurers. Guy Carpenter has pioneered solutions for almost intractable problems – from unknown global risk accumulations to the unanticipated consequences of health care reform in the U.S. -even addressing pandemic risk with unique structures that put flexible capital at our clients' disposal when it is needed most.
The risk to human life and health is much harder to evaluate than risk to property – people move constantly – before and during catastrophes. In some cases, even our best-in-class risk modeling partners are challenged to meet this need. That is why we build our own bespoke models to meet our clients' need for information. A recent example is our Merlin™ life and health catastrophe risk assessment model – which we created to provide meaningful risk management insight with the least data imaginable.
To learn more about how we can individualize and localize solutions so efficiently, please contact:
Guy Carpenter's Marine and Energy specialty group offers clients an integrated global platform, for more options, more control – and a clearer picture of their business.
Guy Carpenter delivers innovative solutions for all proportional and non-proportional treaties across the Marine & Energy sector. Our global analytical platform enables us to quantify the performance of different solutions across all classes and territories, and measure them against specific business metrics. This analytic consistency helps clients predict portfolio performance with confidence, including assessment of accumulated exposures.
Account and claims management are entirely in-house: Your business never leaves our hands. Tight integration ensures that the full weight of Guy Carpenter is brought to bear should any issues arise. The practice is organized by operating regions: UK Marine, placing London Market Excess Loss (LMX) and global retro; US Marine, responsible for our U.S. clients; and International, placing business emanating from Europe, Middle East & Africa, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Caribbean and Canada. Although diverse geographically, the practice is run as one global unit.
To learn more about the advantages of an integrated global approach, please contact:
Guy Carpenter's Medical Professional Liability Specialty team offers superior market knowledge and technical resources that have proven to be of tremendous value to our clients.
We operate on a worldwide platform, and believe our collective expertise and innovation is second to none. Our team includes dedicated MPL broking, actuarial, and client-service experts. Based upon our global scope and experience, we deliver significant intellectual capital to our clients.
Guy Carpenter has been on the cutting edge in developing new reinsurance products and coverages in response to changes in the delivery of healthcare, including a variety of products designed to mitigate our clients' exposure to casualty catastrophe claims. Guy Carpenter was also the first reinsurance intermediary to develop a reinsurance coverage solution for systemic risk or "batch" MPL claims. Our analytics deliverables have been tailored for the MPL class, and assist our clients in quantifying the efficiency of their reinsurance programs, keeping them on track for profitable growth.
To learn more about how Guy Carpenter can keep you a step ahead in the market, please contact:
Guy Carpenter's Mutual Company Specialty is a team of seasoned professionals who are dedicated to helping mutual company clients protect capital, support profitable growth, and maximize financial results.
Mutual insurers can benefit from Guy Carpenter's unmatched services and long-term commitment to this market. We help our clients consider innovative reinsurance alternatives and obtain the most efficient reinsurance program. Additionally, we have the expertise to help our clients maximize results, manage their portfolios, develop new products, identify valuable opportunities in new lines and territories, manage rating agency and regulatory relationships, and expand their producer network into new geographic regions.
Mutual insurance companies are encountering a more competitive marketplace as they work to improve results while at that the same time seeking to expand their businesses. In an evolving market, Guy Carpenter is uniquely positioned to provide clients with the strategic advice they need to reach their full growth and profit potential. Our product offering for mutual insurance companies ranges from our Regional Account Program (RAP) and Umbrella and Property Facultative Facilities to unique tools such as "Point-of-Sale," BenchmaRQ SM, Market Entry, and Rating Agency Advisory.
To learn more about Guy Carpenter's hands-on, collaborative approach to helping mutual companies, please contact:
Guy Carpenter's Professional & Management Liability Specialty team is helping clients achieve profitable growth in a crowded marketplace – and new growth in evolving areas like cyber insurance.
Guy Carpenter's institutional leadership in critical disciplines – analytics, business intelligence, technology and cyber risk – helps our clients innovate in increasingly competitive markets. A deeper, more comprehensive view of market dynamics helps Guy Carpenter clients gain competitive advantage in D&O, E&O, cyber, and whole account solutions. Business-specific actuarial models and access to the industry's leading database of loss and rating information enable more confident portfolio analysis in a dynamic environment.
By way of example, our LEAD® Public Directors & Officers liability model is the best available and helps clients with both risk selection and portfolio management.
A dedicated team within our practice can help you assess exposures in cyber security and privacy breaches. As no other organization, Guy Carpenter understands the Cloud's risks for insureds – and its opportunities for carriers.
To learn more about how Guy Carpenter can help you build competitive advantage, please contact:
The Property Specialty focuses Guy Carpenter's global resources and knowledge base coupled with local property expertise to deliver superior results for our clients.
The Property team integrates risk management and advisory services across the full range of risk transfer solutions, including insurance-linked securities, collateralized solutions and index products as well as traditional reinsurance placements. In-market teams in the Americas, EMEA and Asia-Pacific tailor innovative local solutions, drawing on industry-leading business intelligence and quantitative modeling tools. Guy Carpenter's ability to analyze the enormous volume of property transactions around the world is a business advantage for our clients wherever they choose to do business.
Guy Carpenter's deep technical expertise assists clients with benchmarking, peer analysis, structuring, pricing, model variance analysis, portfolio management and tool development.
Guy Carpenter clients benefit from the industry's most advanced market assessment process and specialized expertise in critical disciplines, including industrial risk, commercial risk, excess and surplus lines, direct and facultative reinsurance, and residential exposures. We are also the world's leading government pools intermediary, applying this global expertise to directly benefit our government pools clients as well as quantifying the impact these entities can have on the broader marketplace.
To learn how we can help you achieve profitable growth in key classes of business in virtually any market, please contact:
Guy Carpenter's Retrocessional Specialty helps insurance and reinsurance companies to manage accumulated exposures with innovative solutions. Our focus is to help our clients achieve their strategic objectives by maximizing the efficiency of their reinsurance structures.
Our embedded intelligence capability provides a 360º view of markets, product structures, benchmarking and pricing dynamics. Actuaries and catastrophe modelers work within the reinsurance broking team, utilizing one-of-a-kind software tools that integrate risk and capital modeling – concentrating expertise for our clients and accelerating reaction time.
The ability to model complex deals quickly helps Guy Carpenter clients evaluate multi-class, aggregate coverage and other bespoke structures with confidence.
To learn more about how our innovations can deliver new capacity at better prices, please contact:
Guy Carpenter's Structured Solutions Specialty team has the technical expertise to deliver unique solutions – and the sophistication to optimize their value on your balance sheet.
New financial instruments have expanded the toolkit for innovative risk transfer solutions. The team analyzes risk, structures/designs transactions and quantifies the impact of the solution on your company's financial statements and capital models such as the AM Best BCAR model and the NAIC RBC model. The modeling we perform helps you determine the optimal solution to achieve your financial motivation and remain within your risk tolerance thresholds.
We help our clients secure optimal terms and conditions on quota shares, stop loss treaties, loss portfolio transfers, adverse development covers, single and multi-year excess of loss covers and a host of other vehicles. The team has designed structured risk contracts to achieve goals including but not limited to capital optimization, reduced uncertainty in insurance underwriting results, mitigation of earnings volatility, company experience based pricing, management of increased retentions, addressing changes/gaps in underlying reinsurance, providing reserve protection, and achievement of capital and rating agency objectives. The team coalesces the combined resources of Guy Carpenter to provide the best advice and solutions. For example, we work with our rating agency advisory group to ensure that every transaction meets the particular challenge at hand and long-term capital goals.
To learn more about how we can help you optimize success in a dynamic financial and regulatory environment, please contact:
Guy Carpenter's Surety and Fidelity Specialty team can help you see more deeply into the drivers of profitability and risk in your portfolio to improve performance.
Actuaries who specialize in surety full time and the industry's premier exposure modeling tools help Guy Carpenter clients minimize risk and maximize returns in global reinsurance and capital markets. Our actuaries work directly with reinsurers to design innovative programs that create competitive advantage for clients.
Uniquely among intermediaries, our broking team has extensive underwriting experience at both the primary and reinsurance levels of the business: A better understanding of our clients' business goals enables us to engineer solutions that are strategic as well as cost-efficient. We provide our clients with timely analysis of economic trends operating in the surety industry, exhaustive market intelligence, and peer comparison studies that help them navigate a dynamic environment.
To learn more about what the world's leading surety team can do for your portfolio, please contact:
Guy Carpenter's Terrorism Specialty practice helps clients stay ahead in an arena where the risks mutate and coverage solutions often cross lines of business.
Guy Carpenter offers the industry's most advanced web-based platform to help clients quantify and manage their terrorism risks. Thematically shaded maps and satellite imagery, along with easy-to-understand reports provide detailed accumulation information within a user-defined geographic range, including:
Cluster accumulation: total exposures within geographic areas
Portfolio accumulation: top portfolio accumulations at different radii from an event
Terror accumulations: portfolio terror for all targets by total exposure and zone
Terror target by zone accumulation for global portfolios, using target data from Exclusive Analysis, RMS and Guy Carpenter compiled databases.
The terror practice draws on expertise from Guy Carpenter specialists in property, workers compensation, accident and health, cyber risk and others as needed to tailor comprehensive terror and political violence solutions for our clients. In the United States, we are helping clients structure and secure the largest amount of available terrorism reinsurance capacity to help withstand any potential changes to TRIPRA (Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act).
To learn more about evolving terror and political violence risks and state-of-the-art solutions, please contact:
Guy Carpenter's Workers Compensation Specialty practice makes data more useful to help clients fine-tune underwriting and portfolio management decisions.
Guy Carpenter aggregates data from every significant market, providing clients with current conditions, market dynamics and pricing trends to inform capital strategies, structures and placement. We place pro-rata/surplus relief, working and catastrophe layer reinsurance, and continuously develop new capacity and one-of-a-kind solutions for our clients. Sophisticated analytics benchmark the performance of traditional and alternative capital structures. We also assist clients with workers compensation-related information technology needs and claims/underwriting audits.
Advanced modeling and quantitative tools make it easier for Guy Carpenter clients to implement comprehensive accumulation management strategies. Our web-based risk management platform integrates data management and risk modeling. Sophisticated analyses, spatial technology and satellite imagery enable clients to instantly convert massive amounts of data into actionable information to make the better-informed portfolio decisions from binding a risk to identifying possible claims.
To learn how our global reach and world-class analytics can help you achieve more profitable growth, please contact:
Jay Woods and John S. Haldeman II talk about how mutual insurance companies of all sizes currently face challenging market conditions where success requires not only focused distribution and operational excellence, but also access to increasingly sophisticated analytics services and products.
Because of the relative short duration and tail of health insurance products, health insurers may gain tremendous insight from developing similar reserving and rate setting platforms currently utilized in the P&C sector.
Guy Carpenter reinsurance brokerage teams work seamlessly with GC Securities to provide our clients with an expanding range of capital solutions, including:
Together with our Analytics colleagues, we model, design, and deliver the best, integrated capital solution for each client.
More About GC Securities
*Securities or investments, as applicable, are offered in the United States through GC Securities, a division of MMC Securities Corp., a US registered broker-dealer and member FINRA/NFA/SIPC. Main Office: 1166 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10036. Phone: (212) 345-5000. Securities or investments, as applicable, are offered in the European Union by GC Securities, a division of MMC Securities (Europe) Ltd., which is authorized and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Reinsurance products are placed through qualified affiliates of Guy Carpenter & Company, LLC. MMC Securities Corp., MMC Securities (Europe) Ltd. and Guy Carpenter & Company, LLC are affiliates owned by Marsh & McLennan Companies. This communication is not intended as an offer to sell or a solicitation of any offer to buy any security, financial instrument, reinsurance or insurance product.


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Lob Stilly Graphic
Men's T-ShirtThis relaxed fit cotton t-shirt for men has a seamless rib collar with double-needle cover-stitching, shoulder-to-shoulder taping, double-needle sleeve and bottom hem. The shirt is made from 100% pre-shrunk cotton and has a relatively light fabric weight of 5.3 oz. Light oxford is made from 99% cotton/1% polyester.

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Le Creuset Cast-Iron Rectangular Skinny Griddle
- Special Offer
- Summary
Simple, healthy cooking starts with this French cast-iron griddle that performs equally well indoors or out. Use it for breakfast specialties like pancakes, French toast and sausage or put it to work cooking hot sandwiches like grilled cheese. The enameled cast-iron surface requires very little oil to achieve perfect browning, for naturally low-fat cooking.
- Slender grill fits over a single burner.
- Cast iron absorbs and distributes heat evenly, then retains heat for perfect searing.
- Durable, nonreactive black enameled interior requires no seasoning, and it's simple to clean.
- Colorful porcelain-enameled exterior.
- Extra-wide loop handles are easy to grasp, even when you're wearing oven mitts.
- Dishwasher safe.
- Dimensions & More Info
- 13" x 8 1/2".
- Made in France.
- Use & Care
- Ideal for use on any type of cooktop, including induction.
- For best results, use low to medium heat on cooktop or outdoor grill.
- Oven and broiler safe.
- Use wood, plastic or heat-resistant nylon tools to avoid scratching the enamel surface.
- Do not slide pan on stovetop or grill.
- Enamel can chip or crack if dropped or banged on hard surface.
- Handles become very hot. Always use potholder or glove when handling.
- Allow pan to cool before washing.
- Dishwasher safe.
- Avoid using steel wool, steel scouring pads, harsh detergents or abrasive cleansers.
- Stubborn food residue and stains can be removed with a nylon scrubbing pad or sponge.
- Shipping
Shipping Information
This item is shipped from our warehouse by UPS to arrive within five business days of our receiving your order.
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The shipping rate varies depending on your order total and shipping destination. View Shipping Options and Charges.
Next Day Delivery
For an additional charge of $17.50 per address, we can expedite delivery to most destinations. This service is not available for some oversize items, items shipped directly from the supplier (including perishable and custom-manufactured items), out-of-stock items and items to be shipped outside the contiguous 48 states.
Orders recieved by 9:00 p.m., Eastern time, Monday through Thursday will arrive the next business day; orders placed Friday thorugh Sunday will arrive on the following Tuesday.
Return Policy
At Williams-Sonoma, we take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of our products. Attention to design, materials, safety and construction are our priority. Upon receipt, please inspect your purchase and notify us of any damage; we will arrange for a prompt replacement.
If within 30 days, you are dissatisfied for any reason, you may return your purchase for a refund of the merchandise value. An original receipt or gift receipt is required for all returns and exchanges. Returns with a gift receipt will be refunded in the form of a Merchandise Credit for the amount indicated on the gift receipt. Returns with original receipt will be refunded in the original form of payment, cash and check refunds over $100 will be issued as a company check (may take 14 business days from time of request).
We cannot accept returns on monogrammed, personalized, special-order items, custom upholstery, items shipped direct from the vendor, or on items damaged through normal wear and tear. Final sale items ending in .97 or .99 cannot be returned.
For returns of items purchased from your Williams-Sonoma Gift Registry, we will gladly provide a refund or exchange for the merchandise within 90 days of your event or within 90 days of purchase, whichever date is later. View Full Return Policy.


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Arraya Cherry Jam - 350g
Formaggio Kitchen Exclusive
Country of Origin: France
Region: Aquitaine
City / Village: Sare
Discovered on a trip through the Pyrenees, this Basque jam is the product of two brothers who run a restaurant and hotel in the town of Sare. When we visited the Basque region we expected to see black cherry jam with every cheese plate as an accompaniment. Instead, we found the more typical pairing was a jam such as this one from Arraya made with a red cherry variety that is not as sweet. This jam was the jar Ihsan brought back from the trip and the one that got us hooked. Despite being cooked down to a preserve, the small cherries still maintain their shape.
Produced By: Boutique Arraya
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Arraya Cherry Jam - 350g Product ID: 02671 |
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2015 Special Occasion Sets. Give A Gift They'll Remember Forever.
The U.S. Mint produces and issues four Presidential Dollar coins per year, each with a common reverse design featuring a striking rendition of the Statue of Liberty. The composition of the Presidential One Dollar Coins is identical to that of the Golden Dollar featuring Sacagawea and the Native American $1 Coins.
The program was authorized by the Presidential $1 Dollar Coin Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-145).
Note: In December 2011, Secretary of the Treasury Timothy F. Geithner directed that the U.S. Mint suspend minting and issuing circulating Presidential One Dollar Coins. Regular circulating demand for the coins will be met through the Federal Reserve Bank's existing inventory of circulating coins minted prior to 2012. The U.S. Mint will continue to offer several products that contain Presidential $1 Dollar Coins.


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quote:the saints game being tomorrow night is going to kill attendance
quote:I don't have NFL network, so my choice is made for me
quote:dwight howard sucks man tyrus is way better? then him he doesn't compare to his ass
quote:Tyrus was a much better playing in college than Dwight Howard. Wasn't even close
quote:but there's no way in hell I'm sitting in those crappy seats with all of those weirdos
quote:Anyone in here a part of the early 90's DEAF DOME? Basketball was a good time back in the gap. Would smell like tiger stadium every now and again. Place use to be something special.
quote:Every time Laettner got the ball all of us in the student section screamed "HOMO" in unison.


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Lisa Arnold and Christina Campbell are the founders of Onely.org, a website about being single today.
Over a lifetime, unmarried women can pay as much as a million dollars more than their married counterparts for healthcare, taxes, and more.
Sexes / Jan 14, 2013
White House Official: Nuclear Deal Is Best Way to Avoid War With Iran 3:49 PM ET
Officer Cleared, City Indicted 3:24 PM ET
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Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt and the Sunny Side of Surviving Mar 3, 2015
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Maria von Trapp: The Preeminent Manic Pixie Dream Girl Mar 2, 2015
The Most Common Sources of Food Poisoning Mar 2, 2015
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ATTENTION: Carry Over Stock Car/HulaCross Event - April 21st
Written by Administrator Sunday, 14 April 2013 21:06
Attention Stock Car & HulaCross Competitors!
Due to the rainout during today's April 14th Stock Car & HulaCross event, we will carry over the entire event to April 21st's MotoCross event. All competitors who attended today's event will have their run-card waived. The normal spectator fee will be charged. The event will continue from where we left off. Remember, we will be running Stock Car, HulaCross, & MotoCross. This event is optional and not mandatory for Stock Car and HulaCross. You have already received 25 points for your attendance on April 14th.
Gates will open at 7AM. It is absolutely critical that everyone arrive on-time and be registered BEFORE 10AM. Registration will close at 10AM.
If you have any questions or concerns, please contact us at (808) 782-7432. Mahalo for your patience and understanding during this rainy period...the weather is simply out of our control. We hope to see all of you on April 21st!
Check out the latest coverage from Island Driver TV!
Written by Administrator Monday, 08 April 2013 19:56
Check out the awesome coverage from Island Driver TV! KRP is all about the family, so come on out and have a great time!


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Gordon Hayward scored 25 points to lead the Utah Jazz past the Philadelphia 76ers 89-83 on Friday night.
Utah Jazz sign 2 to 10-day contracts
The Associated Press |
posted Mar 6th - 3:01pm
The Utah Jazz have signed Bryce Cotton and Jerrelle Benimon to 10-day contracts.
Hayward, Favors lead Jazz past Grizzlies, 93-82
Clay Bailey, Associated Press |
posted Mar 3rd - 9:11pm
Gordon Hayward and Derrick Favors scored 21 points each, Rudy Gobert added 15 points and a career-best 24 rebounds to lead the Utah Jazz to a 93-82 victory over the Memphis Grizzlies on Tuesday night.
Jazz still shooting for one missing piece
Ben Anderson, KSL.com Contributor |
posted Mar 3rd - 10:28am
While the Jazz have found success at four of the five starting spots, an elite shooter stands between them and the next level of success.
Jazz take another step forward in defensive victory over Milwaukee
Jon Oglesby |
posted Mar 1st - 8:52am
The Utah Jazz took another step forward in a week that's featured forward and backwards steps, using strong defense to earn an 82-75 victory over the Milwaukee Bucks.
Burke scores 23, Jazz hold on for 82-75 win over Bucks
Kareem Copeland, Associated Press |
posted Feb 28th - 11:20pm
The Milwaukee Bucks have been one of the NBA's best defensive teams all season and entered Saturday night's game against Utah holding opponents to 43.2 percent shooting — the third-best mark in the league.
Favors has 21 points, 10 rebounds for Jazz
The Associated Press |
posted Feb 27th - 11:00pm
The Utah Jazz responded to a tough loss — at the expense of the reeling Denver Nuggets.
'Lack of toughness' causes Jazz to lose fourth-quarter lead to Lakers
Jon Oglesby |
posted Feb 26th - 7:00am
The Utah Jazz held a 78-69 lead entering the fourth quarter, but allowed the Los Angeles Lakers a 31-19 fourth quarter to fall 100-97.
Clarkson leads Lakers rally for 100-97 win over Jazz
Kareem Copeland, Associated Press |
posted Feb 25th - 11:01pm
Los Angele coach Byron Scott said Jordan Clarkson has been working on his mid-range jump shot recently. The rookie point guard showed the fruits of that labor Wednesday night as he helped rally the Lakers to a 100-97 victory over the Utah Jazz.
Jazz sign pair of D-Leaguers to 10-day contracts
Jon Oglesby |
posted Feb 24th - 12:41pm
The Utah Jazz signed Jack Cooley and Bryce Cotton to 10-day contracts, according to a press release from the team.
Kanter trade sets Jazz up for future blockbuster deal
Ben Anderson, KSL.com Contributor |
posted Feb 24th - 10:14am
While the Jazz may have given up the most valuable piece in their trade with the Oklahoma City Thunder, they have set themselves up with the opportunity to grow the team with an even larger future deal.
Hot Jazz go 2-0 after All-Star break with win over San Antonio
Jon Oglesby |
posted Feb 24th - 7:33am
The Utah Jazz are 2-0 after the All-Star break and are playing their best basketball of the season — a fact evidenced by a 90-81 win over the defending NBA champion San Antonio Spurs.
Trey Burke, defense leads Jazz to 90-81 win over Spurs
Kareem Copeland, Associated Press |
posted Feb 23rd - 11:00pm
Utah Jazz coach Quin Snyder is trying to keep the Rudy Gobert love-fest under control. The 7-foot-1 Frenchman was already a fan favorite as a shot-swatting reserve, but the attention has increased since the organization traded away Enes Kanter and inserted Gobert into the starting lineup.
Defense shines as Jazz blow out Portland in first game back from All-Star break
Jon Oglesby |
posted Feb 21st - 7:26am
While there were worries the Utah Jazz might struggle to gain chemistry after trading away players, the team put those concerns at rest in a 92-76 win over the Portland Trail Blazers in the first game back from the All-Star break.
Burke has 19, Utah Jazz beat Portland Trail Blazers 92-76
Kareem Copeland, Associated Press |
posted Feb 20th - 10:40pm
The Utah Jazz lost an offensive presence when they traded Enes Kanter minutes before the deadline, but improved defensively by promoting 7-foot-1 shot-blocker Rudy Gobert to the starting lineup.
Hood, Ingles scheduled to return from injury for Jazz
Kareem Copeland, Associated Press |
posted Feb 20th - 6:30pm
Utah Jazz first-round pick Rodney Hood, who has been sidelined with a foot injury, is set to play Friday night in his first game since Jan. 18.
Jazz at 76ers
Wells Fargo Center, Philadelphia | 3/6 5:00 pm |
FINAL | Score |
Utah Jazz | 89 |
Philadelphia 76ers | 83 |
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Subscribe to Thread - Andrew Lloyd Webber has more money than yo momma.Enter your email addresses to receive automatic alerts when new messages are posted in the thread. |
Extensive New Song-Focused FINDING NEVERLAND Video FeaturetteBWW TV Exclusive: Broadway Legend Barbara Cook Sings the Classics for the AMERICAN SONGBOOK Series!BWW TV Exclusive: Spotlight on the Cast of AN AMERICAN IN PARIS- Meet Victor J. WisehartBWW TV: Watch Highlights of Larry David & More in FISH IN THE DARK on Broadway!VIDEO: Darren Criss Previews This Week's GLEE Featuring His Original Song; First Listen!STAGE TUBE: Watch Highlights from West End's BEAUTIFUL, Starring Katie Brayben!VIDEO: In Performance: RASHEEDA SPEAKING's Tonya Pinkins & Dianne Wiest PerformBWW TV: The Raven is Back- Watch Extended Clip from NEVERMORE!VIDEO: Stephen Schwartz & More Appear in Trailer for New Documentary THE SOUND OF OZSTAGE TUBE: THE SOUND OF MUSIC - Now in 8-Bit!VIDEO: Cast of Cuba's RENT Performs 'Seasons of Love' & MoreSTAGE TUBE: Watch Imelda Staunton Belt it Out as 'Mama Rose' in West End's GYPSY!BWW TV: Puppets are Back on Broadway- Meet the Company of HAND TO GOD!VIDEO: Kevin Bacon Recalls Epic TONIGHT SHOW 'Footloose' Performance
Theatre Legend Lea Salonga on ALLEGIANCE, Her Stage Legacy & Bringing a Brand New Show to Town Hall
Broadway Flashback- 18-Year-Old Laura Benanti Sings 'The Sound of Music'!
STAGE TUBE: Watch Imelda Staunton Belt it Out as 'Mama Rose' in West End's GYPSY!
Julie Andrews & Christopher Plummer Talk SOUND OF MUSIC in All-New Interview
SOUND OFF World Premiere Exclusive: Joel Grey In GEORGE M! On THE ED SULLIVAN SHOW


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quote:The SECr has had its own web address for awhile now. The other pages were added within the past couple months but it has been its own entity for awhile now. Acting like it hasn't is foolish.
quote:You guys are lobbying for an IM thread on the RB. I'm presenting the counter argument, that's all.
quote:It's a damn fine idea
quote:Heard that. You've been around long enough to know why IM threads aren't allowed and how the site works. It appears to be a fly by the seat of your pants approach.
quote:It was also a separate site


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Found the same room at a different price? Tell us, and we'll offer to match it.
Hotel Facilities - Jurys Inn Newcastle
3 | AA Assessed Hotel | Ratings explained |
The famous Bigg Market and Quayside nightlife is also within walking distance of Jurys Inn Newcastle.
With 274 newly refurbished spacious bedrooms, this modern hotel offers guests a superior level of 3 star accommodation with the added benefits of a stylish bar and restaurant. Free WiFi available throughout the hotel.
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Hotel Facilities In BriefIn Brief


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Bring a donation of food on December 2 and we'll match it. More»
Your Voice Matters
StoryCorps is recording 18 conversations at the Getty Center on March 26, 27, and 28 on the theme of play. This {awesome} oral history project provides people of all backgrounds and beliefs with the opportunity to record, share, and preserve the stories of our lives.
If you're in L.A. on these days and have a friend or family member who wants to do it too, you can apply to participate. It's free, and your recording will go into the Library of Congress.
Because we only have 18 time slots, not everyone can participate…but we want to hear from you if you do!
→ Participate in StoryCorps at the Getty


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More than just the recognition of a performance, the Piolets d'Or celebrates passion, spirit and values.
The spirit of the Piolets d'Or draws its inspiration from the history of alpinism and the authenticity of true team spirit.
The style should take precedence over the conquest of an objective. Success is no longer about getting to the summit at all costs, employing all possible financial and technical means, (oxygen, fixed ropes, doping products, etc) or large-scale human resources (high-altitude porters or sherpas).
The Piolets d'Or event encourages imagination in searching for innovative routes using a maximum of economy of means, making use of experience and respecting man and nature.
The Piolets d'Or is attached to making climbing a shared and valued richness all over the world, capable of attracting the best of human ambitions whilst encompassing moral values and edifying behaviour.
The Piolets d'Or event is therefore a celebration of an ethical alpinism, rich in emotion.
Location Le Majestic , Chamonix-Mont-Blanc
Rates Free of charge


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Simple, clean lines and pewter nail head trim give this upholstered headboard a classic look. As shown- full/queen size. Also available in twin and king sizes- see price list for style numbers.
For any pricing related questions, please click on the "Where to Buy?" link at the top of the page to find your nearest dealer.
Available as Twin, Full, Queen, King, Cal King.
Prices subject to home office audit & correction.


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The cervix is the lower end of the womb (uterus). It is at the top of the vagina . It is about 1 inch long. The cervical canal passes through the cervix. It allows blood from a menstrual period and a baby (fetus) to pass from the womb into the vagina.
The cervical canal also allows sperm to pass from the vagina into the uterus.
Conditions that affect the cervix include:
A PAP smear is a screening test to check for cancer of the cervix.
David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by A.D.A.M. Health Solutions, Ebix, Inc., Editorial Team: David Zieve, MD, MHA, David R. Eltz, Stephanie Slon, and Nissi Wang.
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text: Thomas Jefferson claimed, in 1818, that "in nothing have the habits of the palate more decisive influence than in our relish of wines."[1] His own habits had been formed over thirty years before--at the tables of Parisian philosophes and in the vineyards of Burgundy and Bor Footnotes1. Jefferson to William Alston, Monticello, October 6, 1818. Polygraph copy at the Library of Congress.


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A loud explosion could be heard
began running forward towards a door at the other end of the hall. Soldiers began to appear from the other hallways and began shooting at him,
They told him to surrender or die,
Fievel wrote:
Also, thanks Jas. Twisted Metal would be an awesome challenge for the story.
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Mathias wrote:Why can't the government just moderate it like alcohol?
Riz wrote:why isn't it funny
Rough Giraffe wrote:I believe that it is perfectly fine for our leaders to use our taxes to deliver aid in the event of a natural disaster. And while I agree that we should not have to borrow money in order to do it, I'm not sure that presenting the argument that "if we don't get these budget cuts there will be no disaster relief" is in the best interest of the people.BeeAre wrote:I Wonder What Ruff Draft Will Say About This Legitimately!icha_icha_paradise wrote:http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2012/08/28/759151/raul-labrador-disaster-funding/
Liberal bias, wacky republicans at it again, ignore this statement in it's entirety
Also, Raul Labrador has a giant fucking nose.
Let me make sure I have this crystal clear here. You argue that total government size has decreased under Obama. I prove at the very least that the size of the Federal government (which Obama actually has control over) has increased. Your new argument is that although Obama is not responsible for the size of state government, his goal was to prevent layoffs, and now you're crediting Obama for reducing the size of "total" government because people at the state level lost their jobs? In other words, by your own admission, Obama failed at the job he set out to do during a time when it was critical that he succeed, and you think that this supports your argument? I don't see that as decisive evidence.Valhallen wrote:And yet state and local governments are part of "the government" often criticized for being too big and intrusive (and they're the ones that interfere more with day to day actions). Even though Obama isn't responsible for it (and rather wanted more aid to fill budget shortfalls that resulted in state and local layoffs), the fact of the matter is that "the government" employs fewer people than it did before Obama took office.
Even if that is true, it's completely and utterly irrelevant. All you're doing is taking an extremely bad situation and trying to make it sound not so bad. Why would the rate of spending increase from year to year have anything to do with how much spending there has been overall?Valhallen wrote:And while spending has increased, it has been slower than during other recent administrations, enough so that spending as a percent of GDP has gone down.
Not sure how you want me to explain that. Might as well ask me to explain why a fox and a dog, being different animals, are still related. Someone on the Right can make a decision that a "Leftist" would normally make (like raising taxes) and still be on the Right. Are you suggesting that Nixon was actually a Democrat?Valhallen wrote:But by what yardstick? Policies as implemented? The direction he steered things? How have you reached that conclusion?RuffDraft wrote:But to answer your question, Yes, Nixon was, and is, to the Right of Obama. No doubt about it.
That seems like a very difficult thing for you to prove, considering that the labels of "Liberal" and "Conservative" did not really exist back then, or else people didn't define themselves that way. I don't think you really understand what it means to be a Conservative. It's not about some kind of effort to prevent societal change. Even so, Republicans "of the time" wanted to abolish slavery, not continue it, or "maintain the status quo." It was the Democrat party that desired to prevent Republicans from changing that way of life and destroy the "cultural institution." Are you suggesting that Democrats "of the time" would be recognized as Conservatives by today's standards?Valhallen wrote:I'm suggesting that it was a liberal thing for Lincoln to have abolished slavery and freed the slaves, seeing as it overthrew a long-standing cultural institution to correct a perceived wrong. The conservatives of the day wanted to maintain the status quo.RuffDraft wrote:So then, what are you trying to imply by calling him that?
Conspirators who were trying to assassinate the President, secede from the Union and continue the abomination of slavery for years to come. I would do the same thing in his place. If that makes either of us dictatorial, then just call me Hussein.Valhallen wrote:Lincoln suspended habeas corpus (and did not reinstate it after a court ordered him to do so) and incarcerated thousands of US citizens without trial.
Citation? I don't remember ever hearing about that in school. Of course, I learned about much of Lincoln's history through public education. *rimshot*Valhallen wrote:He also spent money independently of Congress.
How about the fact that, in an election year when the problem he is supposed to be solving is unemployment and problems with the economy, he finds it more important to make sure that none of our immigration laws are enforced? He came out and suddenly declared that the US would no longer deport any illegal immigrants. Surely you don't think Obama wants us to be the only nation without enforceable immigration laws?Valhallen wrote:Obama has so far displayed fewer dictatorial tendencies.
First of all, people are reading the Citizens United ruling and taking it to mean something other than its actual decision. It was not that Corporations Can Spend As Much Money On Political Ads As They Want; it was regarding a stipulation in the 2002 McCain-Feingold Act (A.K.A., the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act or BCRA) that said releasing a movie about a political candidate within 60 days of a general election or within 30 days of a primary constituted electioneering (paraphrasing) and that spending money on a communications that were considered to be electioneering was outlawed by the FEC. The ruling was that this provision of the McCain-Feingold Act was Unconstitutional. According to Wikipedia, "The case did not involve the federal ban on direct contributions from corporations or unions to candidate campaigns or political parties, which remain illegal in races for federal office."Valhallen wrote:A secondhand statement that Obama's campaign manager proposed a Constitutional amendment to "stifle any and all free speech that challenges Obama" when what he actually proposed was an amendment to overturn the Citizens United verdict (Democrats have their own superPACs which would be outlawed too).
I am describing Progressives. Communists want public ownership of the means of production, rather than allowing private ownership while letting the government have the ability to control and influence the economy to give the illusion of a free market (which seems to be what is happening nowadays), which is what I'm trying to get at when I describe Progressives. Their solution to everything seems to be to throw money at their favored organizations (Solyndra), rather than letting the people take care of it themselves.Valhallen wrote:You're describing Communists, not Progressives.RuffDraft wrote:One thing about Progressives is that they almost always seem to think government can do a better job than the private sector in every way given the chance,
Did you read what I linked earlier?
Perhaps. I should probably take a step back and rethink that a bit.Valhallen wrote:I think what you're doing here is identifying problems with Bush, labeling those problems as "Progressive" to identify Bush as one, and using that identification to judge "Progressive" policies as bad (and conversely, "Conservative" policies as good). ... If you want to use your definitions, you should first specify that they are different from how the terms are used in modern politics.
How exactly does Reagan's economic profile match up with that of a Keynesian? Keynesian economics run on a demand-stimulus method, not a supply-side. According to Wikipedia, "The four pillars of Reagan's economic policy were to reduce the growth of government spending, reduce income tax and capital gains tax, reduce government regulation of economy, and control money supply to reduce inflation." This is nothing close to Keynesian economics, and in fact is in opposition to it. Where in the world did you get that Keynesian economics was supply-side?Valhallen wrote:I mentioned this before, but the supply-side policies of Reagan and Bush rely on Keynsian-based models.RuffDraft wrote:Progressives seem to believe staunchly in Keynesian economics and/or tend to advocate spending more than we take in over a longer period of time.
In either case, the Keynsian response is for the government to apply targeted stimuli to address the market imbalance. Then (in the part ignored by most real-world policy), once the imbalance is corrected, the government should raise taxes, end the stimuli, and run a surplus to do two things: maintain its fiscal soundness, and prevent the extra money injected by the stimulus from triggering a bubble as people speculate beyond what the fundamentals of the market can bear out.
Why would economic growth naturally go with a 60-70% tax rate? Because high taxes and strong economic growth always go hand-in-hand? I would like to see what evidence you have (and if you've showed me this before, I apologize but I can't remember exactly) that leads you to that conclusion.Valhallen wrote:Can we agree that we are on the low side of the Laffer Curve? Do I have to bring out that regression that shows the best economic growth at a 60%-70% top rate?
That's not a directive for something the government can DO, that's a guideline to the formation of the government system. So, sure, the Constitution is really more or less a guide to a better way of governance. But it's core principles are about not restricting the rights of its citizenry and ensuring individual liberties.Valhallen wrote:The Constitution CONTAINS a list of thing the government cannot do, but it also has a bunch of stuff explaining what the government can do and the means it should use to go about doing them. Like, say:RuffDraft wrote:I'm talking about excessive regulation. That's why the Constitution is a list of things the government CANNOT restrict, and not what the government can DO. The Founding Fathers wanted to avoid excess regulation.And just before that, the Preamble outlines a bunch of stuff that the new Constitutional government is supposed to achieve. The Founding Fathers wanted the right amount of laws and regulation.Article I, Section 1 wrote:All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.
The right size, certainly. It was not intended to allow congress to pick winners and losers, which is what congress has been doing when they divvy up money to private companies (Solyndra, banks, etc.), which is something I'm strongly against.Valhallen wrote:The part often omitted in rhetoric is that they were also worried about giving the federal government too little power, which was why they replaced the Articles of Confederation with the Constitution, which gave the federal government a lot more power than it had before.RuffDraft wrote:The Founding Fathers were all worried about excessive government; things like the Proclamation of 1763, the Currency Act, Quartering Act, Stamp Act, Townshend Act, etc. were viewed as offensive encroachments on their personal liberties. They started to be regulated on far too much, and were really pissed that the government would support a monopoly on tea trade (the Tea Act). All of these things were a large part of why we decolonized from the British in the first place.
Do you think that the right size for the government to be is what the Founding Fathers worked with, or some other size to reflect the different jobs demanded of it today?
Excuse me, but what Jefferson was against was corruption. How many large cities do you know in America that have no corruption? And how many see a lot of corruption? That's what he was getting at, and there is some truth there. As for government intervention to protect rights, I can't find anything that says he was purely against that. The closest I can find is, "I predict future happiness for Americans if they can prevent the government from wasting the labors of the people under the pretense of taking care of them." That's more along the lines of an economic intervention, e.g., using the "general welfare" as carte blanch to give near-endless government handouts, even to failing businesses (Solyndra).Valhallen wrote:Their opinions varied. Thomas Jefferson was against cities, banking, and government intervention to protect rights.RuffDraft wrote:Also, the Founding Fathers were against an income tax ["To compel a man to furnish funds for the propagation of ideas he disbelieves and abhors is sinful and tyrannical." -Thomas Jefferson].
Your own source has Adams talking about property interchangeably with money as a form of prosperity. He did not literally mean only property like fine silver, jewelery, furniture, horses, land, etc. After all, property can also mean "the money you have earned," as people's wealth is often judged by how much property and investments and/or liquid funds they hold (commonly referred to as net worth). I am not ready to believe I have misinterpreted my original quote.Valhallen wrote:Adams was referring to nationalization and redistribution of all real estate and private property in a Communist-style overthrowing of society.RuffDraft wrote:They saw it as an invasion of property rights ["The moment the idea is admitted into society that property is not as sacred as the laws of God, and that there is not a force of law and public justice to protect it, anarchy and tyranny commence." -John Adams].
Are you saying my questions about the constitutionality of the 16th amendment are irrational? That strikes me as being dismissive of my concerns for no reason other than "It's The Law."Valhallen wrote:Taxation of property and transactions was widespread in the colonial era and continued through the Revolution to the present. The main problem with a national income tax was the requirement to divide revenue from certain kinds of income proportionately among the states (rather than just having a national tax code as today). This requirement was in place due to concerns that certain national taxes could be abused, but it did not cover all types of income (hence the constitutionality of a corporate income tax enacted before the Sixteenth Amendment). But that's rather moot apart from its historical significance, since we have the Sixteenth Amendment today, and there is no (serious) question about the constitutionality of federal income taxes.RuffDraft wrote:Until the early 1900s it was unconstitutional to have a federal income tax; that's why they needed an amendment to implement one. Prior to that, the government consisted on tariffs and sales taxes on a lot of popular goods such as alcohol, sugar, tobacco, and so on. But later on they did away with those sales taxes and funded the government almost entirely on tariffs.
I can't give you a real world example to my ideas because I don't believe that there's a good example of them anywhere. The best I can offer is to point out that our GDP is over $15 trillion and that even 20% of that (if it were a sales tax) is more than we take in in federal income taxes (income taxes account for only $1 trillion, the rest being excise taxes and so on). I realize that that's a very simplified way of explaining it, but if a flat national sales tax were to replace the federal income tax while still allowing a much smaller state income tax (but no state sales tax), and while still allowing a provision to give those below the poverty line (or those whose post-tax situation would place them below the poverty line) a "prebate" on the sales taxes they would spend, the situation moves from placing a burden on the lower-income families to allowing it to remain on the higher-income earners (as it already is and has been).Valhallen wrote:Can you describe a single example for each where, in the world, a modern government of the kind you would want for the US covers its expenses without an income tax and where a sufficiently privatized (for whatever standard you are getting at there) education system produces results comparable to modern socialized education? The main reasons for the near-universality of income taxes and public education are their economic incentives. People usually want more money regardless of how much they have, so (well-planned) income taxes introduce very little distortion of economic incentives for different behavior, letting market forces steer things to maximum efficiency despite bites that would wreck markets if implemented with different methods of taxation. They can also be made to target those who can most easily afford it better than other taxes, which helps the economy run better (poorer people spend more of their income, so a tax that hits richer people harder results in less lost economic activity). Education is a textbook case of large positive externalities resulting in private markets supplying less than is optimal for society as a whole. Education has enormous benefits for the entire economy, but few immediate benefits for students and their families. Private education has long been too expensive for the poor even though the expense pays off well over time. Since this payoff can't be captured well enough to be profitable by a single private company unless it sets up company towns or such, it falls to governments to make the socially-optimal level of investment of education.RuffDraft wrote:I think that proves a national Sales Tax, along with already-existing taxes on imports and exports, could work by them to fund a slightly smaller government as long as we put more power back into the hands of the people. I'm not talking about creating a civilian military; that's dumb. I'm talking about making education more privatized instead of relying almost exclusively on the government to provide a good education; things like that.
First, the National Debt is above GDP right now. GDP is approx. $15 trillion right now. US National Debt broke $16 trillion just last week (which I believe was after you made the above argument, so I'm not going to really fault you for not including that here), and it is still climbing with no end in sight. Pres. Obama's own budget projections showed us taking on about $9 trillion in extra debt over the next 10 years---about $25 trillion by 2022. Assuming we're not close NOW, that will put us dangerously close to bankruptcy.Valhallen wrote:That was more to point out the difference in interpretation than to disagree. But if you want to look for fault, let's have a look:RuffDraft wrote:And yet I can't really find any general fault with anything he writes about them.Valhallen wrote:Each dollar on the ground has its own note which says something of the painter's ideas relating to monetary and fiscal policy.
1. The US is quite a ways form bankruptcy. The national debt is close to GDP, but that's not what matters for bankruptcy. US net worth and wealth are both quite a bit more. Also, most of the national debt is owed to US citizens. Also, interest on the debt was less than 5% of the budget last year, so the outlined scenario is not going to happen any time soon.
I disagree. The rate at which we are spending and borrowing, and with no plans to halt either, seems to me that the situation is almost completely out of control, and unless we do something NOW, that is the road we are headed down. To not be worried about it and actively trying to prevent it would be folly.Valhallen wrote:3.IF such an unprecedented panic happens, it would indeed cause trouble, but it would be moderated by the large wealth of the US and countries that use the dollar or currencies pegged to the dollar and by the Federal Reserve acting to reduce the money supply. Another difference with Weimar Germany is that the Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to try to pay war reparations that it could not, economics be damned, and the resulting printing of money caused hyperinflation. The US faces no comparable issue today.
The likes of which I do not see being enacted now, which is why we're having this discussion.Valhallen wrote:4. This is accurate, but comparable to the situation after World War Two, which was handled easily by reasonable fiscal and economic policies.
I do not. Reagan's policies nearly doubled revenues by the end of his term. Congress was largely responsible for the debt that took place during that time. If spending had stayed at the level of his first term, Reagan's policies would have reduced the debt by a considerable amount. And yet, you would not be wrong in suggesting that Reagan allowed it to happen, which makes it partly his fault. However, Reagan's policies of lower taxation were not responsible for ALL of the debt. Maybe in the first few years, but after that, after revenues increased past their starting point, congress increased spending, and didn't stop.Valhallen wrote:7. And what happened in the early eighties to cause that? Reagan began the era of "trickle-down" supply-side economics and high-income tax cuts where "deficits don't matter" except as an excuse to push policy. Do you think that reversing this trend could be accomplished by a return to preceding conditions like a high top marginal tax rate and demand-side stimulus?
Except that Andrew Jackson paid off the national debt largely by selling land and preventing an increase of spending for federal projects. At the beginning of his term, the national debt was $56 million. He paid it off in six years. No tax alone could have done that. Either way, they were debt free for a year and then they went into a six-year depression that forced them back into debt. We haven't been debt free since, despite congress keeping the top tax rate above 70% for most of the 1900s (it was above 90% between 1950 and 1963 and we still spent more than we took in).Valhallen wrote:8. Except that the Founding Fathers understood that such a debt could be paid down by increasing taxes, which they did. The debt was paid off in ~fifty years despite other wars over that period.
Unless they figure out a way to do that and presumably win, in which case we're boned.Valhallen wrote:9. A couple of things here. Though China COULD cause trouble by calling its debt and pulling investments, it would cause trouble for them as well, since the Chinese economy relies on exports, about a third of which go to the US. If we assume that China does try to cut off its economic nose to spite the US, China can't foreclose on the US because the US is a sovereign entity. If a sovereign entity doesn't pay its debts, its credit rating falls, and that's about it unless someone wants to start a war. And if we want to propose that China is suicidal too, they could to that now.
In any economy, lending money to people who can't afford to pay it back is a problem. Didn't the government bail out the banks that lent that money as a result? In other words, the taxpayer paid for the business decisions of the nation's corrupt banks? How is that good?Valhallen wrote:11. In a healthy economy, what the Fed did would be problematic. However, in a financial meltdown and housing market crash, what it did countered deflation and acted to stabilize the economy.
I find your optimism in the act of borrowing a little troubling. It seems like you don't care when we stop borrowing to meet our alleged needs. In any case, what you seem to be doing is dismissing the concern because it isn't catastrophic yet. Is that really the right attitude to have?Valhallen wrote:13. That depends on how it comes about. Besides, there is currently plenty of domestic capital. The problem is that the holders don't want to spend it because of lack of demand to justify investment. If the time comes that this is a problem, the economy will probably be doing pretty well otherwise. Besides, demand can create its own supply (If the demand exists, people have money to spend. That money can be borrowed to pay for investments to meet the demand.)
I don't think he is confusing the exchange rate with its strength. The dollar is getting weaker because our economy is slumping and because we are printing more money and borrowing. Are you saying that the dollar is getting stronger? And if so, how do you define that?Valhallen wrote:14. This seems to confuse the exchange rate of the dollar with its strength as a currency. Look at the higher-valued Pound and the lower-valued Yen. The strength of a currency (especially a fiat currency) is based on the governments and economies backing it, and while the Dollar is declining as a percentage of world currency, it is growing in absolute terms.
So, what, we're not discussing this because the trade deficit is not as vastly huge as it was when the numbers supported his claim, despite the fact that they still do? How in the world do you consider this out of date, when the trade deficit is still $42.9 billion, down from $48 billion? Especially when you consider that much of the reduction of the trade deficit was from the drop in oil prices? Or are you dismissing it simply because the numbers are slightly less bad than he made them sound?Valhallen wrote:15. This is out of date.
Sigh... yes, he owned slaves. Are we going to have to get into a discussion of how humanely his slaves were treated or how his Will demanded that his slaves be freed? Do we have to go into how his perception of slavery changed over the years, or some of the other factors involved during that time period?Valhallen wrote:Except for the slaves thing.RuffDraft wrote:Even if that Cherry Tree story is false, Washington was known to be a man of remarkable wisdom and virtue.
Sure it is. You don't think Washington and the members Congress always got along as well as that, do you? I recall stories from the middle of the Revolutionary War where Congress refused to send Washington the pay for his troops. Washington was forced to let his troops make their own decision on whether to stay and fight or to leave and return to their families. Less than half of his troops stayed behind, and Washington bid the rest farewell.Valhallen wrote:Anyway, what I was getting at is that Washington was a real person who popular culture has mythologized (including the cherry tree bit). Sure, he did an admirable job setting precedent and running things, but he wasn't perfect, and his actions don't support all the causes that his idea has been invoked to support. For example, in the Whiskey Rebellion, the debt-ridden federal government decided to raise taxes, so it taxed whiskey (an unprecedented move intended to exercise the federal government's new power). Western distillers didn't like it for various socioeconomic reasons and because they didn't like taxes in general. Adding tensions on the border, they didn't think that the federal government was representing their interests. After protests and skirmishes, Washington arrived with an army and put a stop to things. So while Washington's government was very different from today's, Washington respected Congress's authority to decide what the government should be doing. So it's not very appropriate to invoke Washington to protest Congressional laws on ideological grounds like that.
Valhallen wrote:The Constitution may be supreme, but there are other written laws in force which constitute the Rule of Law in America, as decided by Congress and the States as outlined in the Constitution. Which actions have blatantly trod upon which parts of the Constitution?
Rough Giraffe wrote:inorite?
Rough Giraffe wrote:You wanted me to respond to that? :O
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