The bodywork,especially the bottom of amphibious armored vehicles was often destructed for its adverse working environment.A testing method which combined EMAT(Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer) with eddy current testing technology was proposed.The surface and sub-surface defects could be tested by eddy current testing method using the eddy current inducted by EMAT without adding the special exciting circuits and coils.A detection system and combination probe was designed.Experiments on the steel specimens of amphibious armored vehicles with surface defects and internal defects were carried out respectively.The results showed that both the surface and internal defects of the specimens could be detected with the method.More fully information could be got with the combination method than using single EMAT or eddy current testing.


This paper presents the space charge impact on the inception and propagation of electrical trees in cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation via simulations and experimentation. A 3D finite element analysis (FEA)-based modeling is proposed to simulate electrical trees via a needle embedded on the XLPE insulation. The proposed FEA model demonstrates the influence of the space charge magnitude and polarity on the initiation of partial discharges (PD). Then the critical parameters at the tip of an 8 µm. tree are to be examined. Experimentation is necessary to verify the simulation results acquired and study the mechanism of electrical trees at the inception and propagation stage. Therefore, in the experiment, a needle with a curvature radius of 5 µm. is embedded in the XLPE as a method of simulating defects, such as protrusions, voids, or cracks found in cable insulation. The power source supplies several high AC voltages on the 20 kV (rated voltage) cable under test for observing the inception and propagation behavior of the electrical trees. Phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) patterns are extracted at the inception and propagation stages of the electrical tree to determine the severity of the PDs occurring. A relationship is obtained for the PD magnitude with respect to the applied AC voltage while considering the positive and negative polarities of the PDs. This relationship then allows for the acquisition of the maximum electric field-tree length characteristics. The goal of the simulation of electrical trees is to provide the reader with a better understanding about the effect of space charge magnitude and polarity to comprehend the behavior of the treeing inception and propagation mechanisms. The injection and extraction of space charges is a complex phenomenon that requires further visualization through simulations. Therefore, the results of both the simulation and experiment are compared with the aim of establishing a clear relationship between space charge distribution and tree initiation.


Remote sensing of forest condition is typically based on broadband vegetation indices to quantify coarse categories of canopy condition. More detailed and accurate assessments have been demonstrated using narrowband sensors, although with more limited image availability. While differences in sensor capabilities are obvious, I hypothesized that multispectral imagery may be able to detect more subtle canopy stress symptoms if a new calibration approach was considered. This involves three major changes to traditional decline assessments: (1) calibration with more detailed field measurements, (2) consideration of narrowband derived indices adapted for broadband calculation, and (3) a multivariate calibration model. Testing this approach on Landsat-5 (TM) imagery in the Catskills, NY, USA, a five-term linear regression model (r2 = 0.621, RMSE 0.403) based on a unique combination of vegetation indices sensitive to canopy chlorophyll, carotenoids, green leaf area, and water content was able to quantify a broad range of forest condition across species. When rounded to a class-based system for comparison to more traditional methods, this equation predicted decline across 42 mixed-species plots with 65% accuracy (10-classes), and 100% accuracy (5-classes). This approach was a significant improvement over commonly used vegetation indices such as NDVI (r2 = 0.351, RMSE = 0.500, 10-class accuracy = 60%, and 5-class accuracy = 74%). These results suggest that relying solely on a single common vegetation index to assess forest condition may artificially limit the accuracy and detail possible with multispectral imagery. I recommend that future efforts to monitor forest decline consider this three-pronged approach to decline predictions in order to maximize the information and accuracy obtainable with broadband sensors so widely available at this time.


Objective To test the clinical effectiveness of mouthwash in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment as compared to a placebo mouth rinse and patients using tooth brush and toothpaste. Methods Forty-five subjects for this double blind study were assigned randomly into three groups of 15 each. Gingival bleeding index,modified plaque index, and bleeding on probing,were recorded at baseline( 10 days after prophylaxis),and at the end of one month in all the three groups and compared. Results Paired T test showed significant differences in bleeding on probing for pre and post treatment recordings for mouthwash group(-0. 150 ± 0. 089,and-0. 055 ± 0. 195,-0. 055 ± 0. 195). Gingival index showed no significant difference in the mouthwash group. For plaque index significant difference was found for both mouthwash and control groups(-0. 258 ± 0. 152,0. 029 ± 0. 070). Conclusion Mouthwash was found to be effective in reducing the bleeding and plaque index scores. It was not effective in reducing the modified gingival index scores.


As we enter the third century of the American experiment it is essential to recognize that we can draw upon two quite distinct intellectual traditions in shaping future patterns of organization.' One possibility is to draw upon the intellectual tradition of this last century. If we follow the logic of that tradition-which I shall refer to as the second century-we run the risk of creating a new imperialism to be associated with Presidential Government. The other possibility is to draw upon the intellectual tradition of the first century and fashion an extended federalism. That possibility can be realized by drawing upon principles of federalism and constitutional rule to govern all of our efforts in undertaking collective activities and solving common problems.


In the college teaching of animal physiology,the experiment teaching is one of important composing parts. As important complement of the classroom study,the experimental teaching effect of animal physiology will greatly stimulate the class teaching.Animal physiology experiment was set as an independent course in order to emphasize the importance of experimental teaching of animal physiology, which was one of important measures to evaluate the effect of theory teaching and improve teaching quality of experimental courses.


The Control of Variables Strategy (CVS) is a strategy that is often used during doing research in children. This strategy implies that one variable is manipulated, while other variables are held constant. Task structuring (= a comprehensive research task is split into different subtaks) is a form of support whereby the development of the CVS and therefore drawing qualitatively good conclusions are going faster. In the present study we examined if there was a difference in the effect of task structuring on the use of the CVS and drawing qualitatively good conclusions between children from 6-8 years and 10-12 years. 52 children: 25 students from the 4th grade and 27 students from the 7/8th grade (combination class) of a mainstream primary school got task structuring. After checking if there were any differences about the CVS and knowledge about reverberation time beforehand, the children investigated a inquiry task where they had to examine the influence of four variables on the reverberation time of a gong. Analysis of the data showed that there was a difference in the effect of task structuring on the use of the CVS and drawing qualitatively good conclusions. Task structuring was more effective for the older children.


Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are frequently associated with asthma exacerbations, and have been found in the airways of asthmatic patients. While HRV‐induced acute infection is well‐documented, it is less clear whether the nasal epithelium sustains prolonged HRV infections along with the associated activation of host immune responses.


e17524 Background: Gene mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are largely limited to tumors in never smokers, light smokers, and adenocarcinoma. The presence of this gene mutation is the clinical indication for the administration of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The present study compared the clinicopathologic features of surgical pulmonary adenocarcinoma according to EGFR mutation status.

METHODS
The medical records of 102 patients with EGFR mutation status-known adenocarcinoma who underwent a complete resection from 2008 through 2010 were reviewed for the clinicopathologic variables. The patients ranged in age from 37 to 85 years old with a mean of 67.3. The male:female ratio was 44:58. The EGFR mutation positive -negative ratio was 45:57.

RESULTS
The comparison between the EGFR mutation positive and EGFR mutation negative patients in various clinicopathological variables is summarized in the table.Significant differences were observed in gender, smoking status, pleural invasion, and histological differentiation. No difference was observed in the postoperative recurrence-free survival associated with the EGFR mutation status (p=0.124).

CONCLUSIONS
No remarkable difference was found in the potential of tumor extension, although there were significant clinicopathologic differences between the patients with an EGFR mutation positive status and those with an EGFR mutation negative status. [Table: see text].


Arif Setyawan. K5412014. ANALYSIS OF CARRYING CAPACITY OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE TELOMOYO WATERSHED KEBUMEN 2016 (To Increase Learning Substance High School Geography Class X Subject Matter Dynamics Hydrosphere). Thesis. Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University. Surakarta. January, 2017. The purpose of this study are to knows: (1) the availability of water resources in the Telomoyo watershed, (2) the need for water resources in the Telomoyo watershed, (3) the carrying capacity of water resources based on comparison between the potential of water resources and the need for water resources in the Telomoyo watershed, (4) the direction of landuse based on carrying capacity of water resources in the Telomoyo watershed. This research use qualitative descriptive method by using spatial approach. This population research analysis parts of the watershed (upstream, midstream, and downstream). Population, livestock, and land on any part of the watershed is used to calculate the amount of water availability, water demand, the carrying capacity of water resource conditions, and directive of landuse in each part of the watershed. Data collection techniques use observation, interview, and documentation. Data analysis techniques such as analysis of the carrying capacity of water resources is calculated by comparing the availability of water (method of Thornthwaite - Mather) and the need for water based (domestic, landuse, and farm). The results showed that: (1) The amount of water availability Telomoyo watershed amounted to 959 065 660 m³/year which is divided on the upstream side of 351 964 075 m³/year, in the middle part 433 509 870 m³ / year, and the lower reaches 173 591 714 m³/year. (2) The amount of water needs Telomoyo watershed amounted to 741 404 066 m³/year which is divided in the upper 227 007 696 m³/year, in the central part 314 933 012 m³ / year, and the lower reaches 199 463 358 m³/year. (3) The carrying capacity of water resources Telomoyo watershed, but overall still in a state of surplus (4) The direction of Telomoyo watershed landuse upstream part and the central part of a move away from dry land into rice fields because conditions are still surplus water. For the downstream direction, urge or restrict the use of land settlement and landuse type fields because it has a high level of water consumption. Keywords: carrying capacity of water resources, water supply, water demand, the direction of landuse.


While the Internet is generally regarded as a tool of consumer empowerment, recent innovations in emarketing signal a disparity in the quality of knowledge that the e-buyer and e-seller each bring to the exchange process. Armed with sophisticated consumer tracking programs and advanced data mining techniques, the e-seller's competitive advantage for anticipating consumer preference is quickly outpacing the e-buyer's ability to negotiate fair terms for an equal trade. This chapter considers the possible threat that aggressive forms of electronic surveillance pose for a market economy in e-commerce and offers a framework for how marketing practitioners can protect consumer autonomy online. Using John Locke's classic social contract theory as a model, I argue that information created by an end-user's online activity is a form of 'virtual property' that in turn establishes a consumer's right to privacy online. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61350-323-2.ch6.10


Irish families were characterized as being patriarchal, stem-extended, large, strong, and stable for much of the twentieth century. Studies completed during the 1930s and 1940s propagated this depiction. These characteristics made Irish families an exception to the convergence of family patterns going on worldwide. Historical scholarship and empirical data are used to assess the accuracy of this characterization, chart changing patterns, and compare changes in Irish families to families in Sweden and the United States. The stem-extended family reigned as an ideal type but Irish families emulating these characteristics were prevalent only briefly in rural western Ireland. Rapid, radical, and broad changes in Irish family patterns since the 1960s are heading toward convergence at a pace considered exceptional.


AbstractThis paper describes a project that was done to maximize the benefits achieved from overhauling Canadian Forces equipment. The impact of the decisions is substantial, both on resource utilization and on the military readiness of the forces. The use of the latest techniqiies of multi-objective decision-making led to more effective use of resources and to agreement among decision-makers on resource utilization. The project dealt successfully with these two key problems of public-sector decision-making.


Abstract - In this document, we present a parallel implementation in freefem++ of scalable two-level domain decomposition methods. Numerical studies with highly heterogeneous problems are then performed on large clusters in order to assert the performance of our code.


172 memory and tradition in the Hellenistic world. She contextualizes Justin Martyr's allusions to the "Apomnemoneumata of the Apostles" in the practices of Hellenistic schools where biographical, social, and cultural memories were preserved and transmitted as anecdotes (chreia) in texts, oral performances, and as tradition. Alexander sees a similar process in the Christian evidence with the Gospels representing the transfer of an early anecdotal tradition into writing for the purpose of re-oralization in worship, teaching, and self-defense (apologia). Alan Kirk, "Memory" (pp. 155–72), demonstrates how contemporary studies of memory and tradition are not only in continuity with but go well beyond Gerhardsson's initial work. Scholars today have a better grasp of the limits of literacy and education in the ancient world, the nature of oral genres as stable yet variable speech forms, and the cognitive, social and cultural dynamics of memory. Kirk calls for a greater convergence of memory and tradition than Gerhardsson imagined. This volume pays homage to Gerhardsson's pioneering work on memory in the origin and transmission of the Jesus tradition, while simultaneously exploring subsequent developments. It provides a useful introduction to the historical and cultural realities that shaped the Jesus tradition, especially ancient Israelite and Hellenistic oral-scribal practices. For many these essays will invite further reflection about the impact of oral-memory models on contemporary discussions of biblical historicity and authority. Ritva H. Williams Augustana College Rock Island, IL 61201


The present paper adopts a Bayesian approach to update some of the parameters probability distributions governing the reliability assessment of maintained floating st tures. It is based on a time dependent fatigue reliability formulation presented earlie the description of the time to crack initiation, crack growth law and probability of cra detection are updated using the information from the inspections. Its performan demonstrated with a simulated example. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1493200 #


High-temperature superconducting (HTS) composite conductors with high carry-current abilities become a preferable choice for superconducting devices to meet the requirements of the power system. In actual operation conditions of superconducting power devices, it is always accompanied by variational current ramp rates, which may cause the ac loss in the conductors. Therefore, this work carries out research on the ac losses of a stacked conductor and a twisted stacked-tape cable (TSTC) with different current ramp rates by changing their structural parameters. Critical current measurements at multiple rates of HTS tapes are initially investigated. Furthermore, the influence of the number of stacked tapes and the twist pitch on the critical current of the conductors is studied. Based on the experimental results, the ac losses of the samples are calculated in COMSOL multiphysics by using a T–A method. This work provides variation trend references of the critical current in HTS tapes and conductors under several rates. Moreover, the ac losses of a stacked-tape conductor and a TSTC with different structural characteristics have been presented in detail.


The party that lost the German national election last September is planning a comeback by pushing the female agenda. In a surprise move, the conservative Christian Democrats have nominated solid-state physicist Dagmar Schipanski to run for federal president in May. If elected, she would be both the first woman and the first physicist to be head of state in Germany.


The treatment of uranium-bearing wastewater from uranium mine and using microorganism to treating wastewater is paid much attention to environmental researchers. Based on column experiments, the paper investigated the potential using sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and zero-valent iron (ZVI) to synergetic treat contamination in wastewater such as sulfate, uranium, etc. The results show that SRB+ZVI can effectively remove contamination U(VI) and SO4 2- in wastewater, the removal rate is 99.4% and 86.2% for U(VI) and SO4 2- respectively, the pH value of wastewater can be basified to neutral. U(VI) and SO4 2- as electron acceptor of sulfate reducing bacteria are removed by biological reduction. The corrosion of ZVI is benefit to enhance the pH value of wastewater and form anaerobic reducing environment, strengthen survival and metabolism reaction of SRB, and play a synergetic enhancement.


Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermal driven separation process for water recovery from saline waste streams. MD operates at relatively low temperature, which enables the utilization of low graded heat generated by solar thermal collectors. However, due to diurnal variations in solar radiation, optimising the performance of the solar powered MD process requires a good understanding of transient mass and energy transfer in a process. In this paper a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was combined with TRNSYS process simulation tool to analyse the performance of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) plant driven by flat plate solar thermal collectors. A quadratic equation containing five descriptors of DCMD module performance was developed from a series of CFD simulations using surface response methodology (RSM) model. The equation formed the basis for TRNSYS model to predict DCMD performance over a range of operating conditions. The completed process simulation model was used to study the impact of process and module design, as well as various control methodologies on the solar powered DCMD plants. Results indicate that an increase in the ratio of solar collector area to membrane area from 1.5 to 2.5 improved the water production by 3.8 folds. A control algorithm to maximise the DCMD operating time at high temperature enabled a 5.6% increase in output with a 29.7% decrease in the energy consumption required for water circulation.


BACKGROUND
To evaluate the performance of a non-invasive test (Fibromax™) and inflamatory markers (IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, MCP-1) in the diagnosis and staging of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

METHODS
Patients older than 18 years with steatosis were prospectively evaluated at a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil. Liver biopsy, Fibromax™ test and inflamatory markers (IL 1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, MCP-1) were performed. Measures of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy were used, considering liver biopsy as the gold standard.

RESULTS
Seventy three Fibromax™ tests were analyzed. Steatotest presented a sensitivity of 95.5% and PPV of 97.0% for the diagnosis of steatosis. Nashtest obtained a sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 37.5%, PPV of 90.9% and NPV of 23.1% for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Fibrotest presented a sensitivity of 38.9%, specificity of 92.7%, PPV of 63.6% and NPV of 82.3% to evaluate advanced fibrosis. In the evaluation of patients with grade 2 and 3 steatosis, ROC analyses showed an area under the curve (AUROC) for Steatotest of 0.68 (p=0.015). Nashtest AUROC was 0.59 (p=0.417) for the evaluation of NASH. Fibrotest AUROC was 0.79 (p<0.001) for advanced fibrosis. Kappa coefficient values for Steatotest, Nashtest and Fibrotest were not statistically significant. Thirty seven patients performed also analysis of the inflamatory markers, showing that patients with inflammatory activity grade 2-3 on liver biopsy had significantly higher levels of IL6 (p=0.016) and lower TNF-alpha (p=0,034), but there was no other difference when analysed fibrosis or steatosis.

CONCLUSIONS
The Fibromax™ test and the inflamatory markers (IL 1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, MCP-1) did not present a satisfactory performance to be considered a good alternative to replace liver biopsy in the evaluation of NAFLD.


The radjative and non-radiative transitions of a trapped elearon in a crystal are discussed with the aid of the generating fimaion method.1l2l Assuming a linear form for the elearon-latrice interaCtion Hamiltonian, one can calculate the generating functions of these two processes for a. general electronlattice system, that is : not only. the equilibrium lattice positions but also the vibrational frequencies and the axes of the normal modes are different for the two electronic states between which the transition takes place. The generating funaion for radiative transition, from which one can calculate the shape of the absorption band by the inverse formula for Laplace transformation, faCtorizes into three functions, the fir·st of which represents the effea of the difference in equilibrium positions, the ·second due to the difi"enmce in frequency tensors ( N-diinensional, in general, where N is the number of modes) and the third due to the variation of the transition dipole moment with lattice configuration. All these effeas COntribute additively to the moments of the absorption curve such as peak shift, broadening and asymmetry, and one can estimate the order of magnitude of each contribution for aaual examples. The third faaor is important when one discusses a transition which is forbidden but for the lattice vibration. The generating function for non-radiative transition also turns out to be a produa of three parts, the two of which are identical with the first tWo faaors for the radiative transition stated above. We can derive, in a general form, the low and high tempera· ture features1l of the transition probability, that is : the temperature dependences of the probability are given by exp( -Eo/kT) and exp( -E*/kT) for the two limiting cases, respectively, where Eo is the energy difference of the minimum points of the two adiabatic potentials, while E* is the minimum point of the inter·seaion of the two adiabatic potentials. Th1s means that at low temperatures the transition occurs primarily as a tunneling elfea while at high temperatures the dominant process is the jumps over the aCtivated states. The result of Huang and Rhys"l is obtained as a special case. The method used here, however, permits one to calculate the thermal ionization probability of a trapped eleCtron or hole in non-polar crystals such as silicon and germanium. The result at high temperatures is written in the form


In entrepreneurship education, the development of entrepreneurial thinking and acquiring of relevant knowledge and skills for conducting the tuition process for the development of entrepreneurial initiative are very important. Besides this, it is important to also find different ways to measure the impact of the courses. The evaluation of the educational programme is a complex matter, as the question arises – what are we measuring, what indicators should be used and how should they be measured. The current study is an attempt to develop a new approach in the evaluation of entrepreneurship education programme in university - the assessment of entrepreneurship training results through changes in metacognitive awareness of participants. Students were asked to complete, both at the beginning and at the end of the training course, a cognitive adaptability questionnaire (by Haynie). The extent to which students reflect, think strategically, plan, recognize useful knowledge-skills and analyse/control themselves was uncovered based on the results. For analysing the changes in metacognitive awareness of respondents, both the Likert Scale and Bayesian Dependency Modelling techniques are used. A Comparison of average assessments at the beginning and at the end of the course shows a small rise. Moreover, considering the strengths of the dependencies between the most important statements of thinking process, participants present a trend of growing stronger after the training course.


Human life is surrounded and dependent on its environment. Human civilization is nurtured by nature as it provides raw materials that are used in the manufacturing of various essential products like medicine, food items, etc. Not only developing countries but developed countries also depend on herbal-based medications. Cancer is a global health burden. Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) plays a key role in cancer progression and is also stimulated by different extracellular signals and could be regulated at different levels. Conventional therapies exhibit a cytotoxic effect, which encourages the development of a new approach that could be used with synthetic drugs. Phytotherapy emerged as an effective weapon against cancer. Herbal drugs directly target different signaling pathways that promote EMT and eventually lead to cancer.


We conducted reforms the practical teaching methods in cell ultrastructure and electron microscopy for undergraduates.Except for parts of materials drawn by students themselves,the practice teaching mainly focuses on the mode of multimedia-reading.This teaching method helps to reduce the contradiction in teaching process,expanding students' knowledge and improving the teaching effects.It suggest some concrete plans for the future reforms on teaching methods.


In 2006, The Nature Conservancy (TNC) contracted with Aerial Information Systems (AIS) to create a spatial database of vegetation on Santa Cruz Island, a 243 km2 island jointly owned and managed by TNC and the National Park Service (NPS). AIS and TNC developed appropriate vegetation categories down to the alliance level, based on plot and transect data provided by USGS-Biological Resources Discipline, NPS, and TNC; The Manual of California Vegetation; and site visits conducted during the course of the project. A minimum mapping unit of 0.5 ha was established for the delineation of a visible alliance or mapping unit. AIS used 1:12,000 natural color aerial photographs from 2005 for the manual delineation of polygons. The delineation protocols established specific methods and criteria for each alliance or mapping unit and documented them for future updates, creating the foundation for tracking changes over time using sequential mapping techniques. The resulting vegetation database is discussed in relation to the changes that have occurred on the island over the last 20 years, specifically the removal of feral ungulates on the island, and is compared to earlier vegetation mapping efforts. The specific attributes developed for the database, particularly the cover measure and location of fennel, enable the exploration of more sophisticated and robust research questions.


Method of depositing an amorphous carbon layer on a substrate, such as a heat exchanger, and the so-formed coated substrate. For example, the heat exchanger having aluminum fins, etc.. Heat exchanger, the hardness of at least 2,000 Kg / mm


We reportab initio calculations at the MRCI 1Q/CBS level of theory for theA9 andA8 electronic states of the O( P)1HCl system, where the complete basis set energies are obtained by extrapolating MRCI 1Q/aug-cc-pVnZ (n52,3,4) energies. Potential energy surfaces for these electronic states are generated by interpolating these energies using the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method. The reaction barrier on the interpolated A9 surface at the MRCI 1Q/CBS level of theory is 11.86 kcal/mol. The potential energy surface was then scaled to yield a barrier height close to that predicted by CCSD ~T! and MRCI1Q benchmark calculations, namely, 10.60 kcal/mol. The fact that theA9 and A8 electronic states are degenerate at collinear and asymptotic regions of configuration space was used to scale the collinear reaction barrier on the A8 surface from the MRCI1Q/CBS value of 15.15 kcal/mol to match that of the scaled A9 surface, 13.77 kcal/mol. The potential energy surfaces thus obtained appear to be the most accurate to date for the reaction O(3P)1HCl→OH1Cl. The potential energy surface for the A9 state contains a fairly deep van der Waals well on the product side of the reaction barrier at a rather sharp O–H–Clangle~67°! and a shallow well on the reactant side at collinear O–H–Cl geometry. Details of theab initio calculations, the fitting procedure, and characterization of the saddle and stationary points are presented. ©2003 American Institute of Physics. @DOI: 10.1063/1.1612917 #


In this paper the authors present as a case study a process of action research in curriculum development undertaken by academic staff of the School of Rural Community Development (SRCD) and facilitated by a staff development practitioner at the University of Natal . The purpose of the case study is to illustrate and reflect on how an outcomes-based approach to curriculum development and student assessment was used to improve a programme for the professional/ vocational education of rural development practitioners. The authors suggest that whilst many academics may view the requirement to have all qualifications validated by the South African Qualifications Authority and registered on the National Qualifications Framework in an outcomes-based format within the next two years as an encroachment on their "academic freedom", that, provided they, in higher education, are allowed to do so in their own terms, that the exercise could prove to be beneficial to students and meaningful for those committed to improving their teaching.


Nucleoside configuration (α-D vs β-D), nucleobase substituents and the helical DNA environment of silver-mediated 5-aza-7-deazaguanine-cytosine base pairs have a strong impact on DNA stability. This is the result of investigations performed on oligonucleotide duplexes with silver-mediated base pairs of α-D and β-D anomeric 5-aza-7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosines and anomeric 2'-deoxycytidines incorporated in 12-mer duplexes. To this end, a new synthesis protocol was developed to access the pure anomers of 5-aza-7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine by glycosylation of either the protected nucleobase or its salt followed by separation of glycosylation products by crystallization and chromatography. Thermal stability measurements were performed on duplexes with α-D/α-D and β-D/β-D homo base pairs or α-D/β-D and β-D/α-D hybrid pairs within two sequence environments - positions 6 or 7 - of oligonucleotide duplexes. The individual Tm stability increase observed after silver ion addition differs significantly. Homo base pairs with β-D/β-D or α-D/α-D nucleoside combination were more stable than α-D/β-D hybrid base pairs. The positional switch of silver ion mediated base pairs has a significant impact on the stability. Nucleobase substituents introduced at the 5-position of the dC site of silver-mediated base pairs effect base pair stability to a minor extent. Our investigation might find application in the construction of bioinspired nanodevices, in DNA diagnostics or metal DNA hybrid materials.


The goal of article paper is to use the generalized additive model with unknown link function to predict the binary time series of SO2 concentration. The authors propose a modified version of the local scoring algorithm that allows for the non‐parametric estimation of the link function, by using local linear kernel smoothers. Results derived from the simulation study and the application to real data reveal that the predictor obtained with the proposed model presents a better performance in comparison with those obtained by using alternative transformed binary regression models. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We present stellar mass fractions and composite luminosity functions (LFs) for a sample of 12 clusters from the Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey (MaDCoWS) in the redshift range 0.951 ≤ z ≤ 1.43. Using spectral energy distribution fitting of optical and deep mid-infrared photometry, we establish the membership of objects along the lines of sight to these clusters and calculate the stellar masses of member galaxies. This allows us to calculate the stellar mass of the clusters much more precisely than in previous works. We find stellar mass fractions for these clusters largely consistent with previous works, and an apparent negative correlation with total cluster mass. We measure a composite 3.6 μm LF down to m* + 2.5 for all 12 clusters. Fitting a Schechter function to the LF, we find a characteristic 3.6 μm magnitude of m* = 19.83 ± 0.12 and faint-end slope of α = −0.81 ± 0.10 for the full sample at a mean redshift of z¯=1.18 . We also divide the clusters into high- and low-redshift bins at z¯=1.29 and z¯=1.06 , respectively, and measure a composite LF for each bin. We see a small, but statistically significant, evolution in m* and α—consistent with passive evolution—when we study the joint fit to the two parameters, which is probing the evolution of faint cluster galaxies at z ∼ 1. This highlights the importance of deep IR data in studying the evolution of cluster galaxy populations at high redshift.


The effect of vesicle size on the photopolymerization products of the polymerizable diacetylene lipid 1,2-bis(tricose-10,12-dignoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DC 8,9 PC) has been examined using SEC and mass spectrometry. Lipid polymers from 50-, 100-, 300-, end 600-nm vesicles have the seme molecular weight range with a prominent polystyrene equivalent molecular weight peak between 1.6×10 6 end 2.2×10 4 . The observed intensity of this peak increased as vesicle size was increased from 50- through 300-nm diameter, but was decreased in 600-nm diameter vesicles


In this paper,we have obtained some results of the existence,uniqueness and nonexistence of limit cycles for a class of high order differential system by the generalized rotated vector field theory and the popularized Sansone theorem.


Objective To study the relation between lung function and body mass index,waist,waist-to-hip ratio in adolescents,and to provide bases for the study on adolescents' constitution and health.Methods Students of grade nine in Maanshan city were partly selected to participate in the measurement of lung function and body.The correlation between lung function and different measure index was compared with covariance analysis and partial correlation analysis.Results It showed that there was no significant difference in Forced Vital Capacity(FVC) among normal,overweight and obese group.However,there was no difference in Maximal Ventilatory Volume(MVV) and Peak Expiratory Flow(PEF) among them.The index of vital capacity and MVV/BSA in 3 groups took on a tendency of normal groupoverweightobesity.Body mass index,waist and waist-to-hip ratio were positively associated with Forced Vital Capacity.Body mass index and waist were negatively associated with the index of vital capacity and MVV/BSA.Conclusion Body mass index and waist were negatively associated with lung function,so it is important for weight control in adolescents.


The relation between emotional and social development and family structure in the Sudanese capital, Khartoum, was examined. Children between the ages of 4 and 9 living in extended and nuclear families were compared on mothers' ratings of a range of childhood problems. Analysis revealed that children in nuclear families had more conduct, emotional, and sleep problems, poorer self-care, and were more likely to be overdependent than those living in extended families. They were also less likely to be breast fed, to be weaned later, and to have grandmothers involved in child care. Linear multiple regression revealed that, of these 3 childcare factors, grandmother's involvement was the strongest predictor of normal social and emotional adjustment. The possible protective characteristics of the extended family are discussed in relation to the importance of the grandmother as maternal advisor, social support, and socialization agent.


In a context of severe plant genetic diversity erosion, the regulatory framework of the European Union on seeds and plant genetic resources is perceived as a limiting factor to practices aiming to conserve cultivated biodiversity. To create more supportive frameworks, some EU member states liberalized seed trade and landraces cultivation regulations at national or regional level. For this paper, a case study of the 2015 cereal and vegetable seed legislation reform in Denmark has been carried out. Interviews with stakeholders of the seed system, with farmers and project leaders impacted by this change and with key informant on the regulation, from NGOs and public authorities, have been carried out. Inductive and deductive analysis methods enabled the themes and opinions expressed by the interviewee to be extracted and organized. Dialogue and lobby at decentralized scale appeared to have supported the implementation of the reform, thanks to the inclusion of the narrative for cultivated biodiversity conservation in the decision system. The reform created supportive framework for seed exchange between farmers and between gardeners, for the commercial and the non-commercial use of landraces and framed innovative seed system model, based on other trust building strategies. The new regulatory framework mainly decriminalized already implementing practices, but the lack of public support to the framed practices are hindering the creation of more positive effects. Nevertheless, Denmark has now one of the most tolerant legislation for seed trade and landrace cultivation, creating many 'sidetrack' next to the 'highway' of the formal seed system and proves that decentralization and liberalization of seeds regulations are possible in EU.


l isa Ford. Settler Sovereignty: Jurisdiction and Indigenous People in America and Australia, 1788-1836. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010. viii + 313 pp. Maps, notes, and index. In my youth I went to courthouses in western Kentucky, looking for the oldest documents I could find. Years later, remembering the excitement I felt when finding those aging pages, I took my students to courthouses, assigning them to write papers about what they found. That was when I understood just how difficult it can be to connect the ordinary business of the courts to larger historical issues. In Kentucky, I found some cases involving Indians, but not very many, and they seemed peripheral to the main business of the courts. Reading Settler Sovereignty makes me realize I should have paid a lot more at- tention to those cases. I had no idea I was seeing the spread of state authority over indigenous peoples through its criminal justice system. Settler Sovereignty is local history, rooted in detailed examinations of court records in Georgia and New South Wales, Australia. Lisa Ford skillfully uses these local accounts to tell a global narrative, "a peculiar chapter in Lauren Benton's story about the global drive of colonial states to control plural regimes of law" (p. 4). Lauren Benton's Law and Colonial Cultures: Legal Regimes in World History, 1400-1900 (2002) makes the connection between colonizing and law; colonizers tolerated indigenous systems of justice, passing through a period of pluralism, before imposing their legal systems on conquered peoples. In Ford's telling of the story, settlers perfected their power over indigenous peoples by claiming the right to rule everyone within their jurisdictions. She recognizes Locke, Blackstone, and Vatel's influence, but argues that well-read and well- traveled bureaucrats did the real work of colonial conquest in courthouses scattered around the world. In Georgia and New South Wales, many small- scale interactions, prosecutions for ordinary crimes, exemplified a global shift in British legal practices, a change from pluralism in favor of territorialism. The first portion of Settler Sovereignty describes the pluralism that preceded territoriality. Ford writes precisely, taking unusual care in the words she chooses. Hers is a limited lexicon; she knows the right words, and not many synonyms will do. The word "lynching," for example, appears just one time,


The topic of this thesis is to design a building evacuation plan, the District Social Security Administration in Zlin. The work is presented legislation to evacuate and theoretically described the evacuation. The practical part include analysis of potential emergencies, of building safety and analysis of the current evacuation plan. It was also desined evacuation plan, which should improve conditions for the evacuation of the building.


Becker (1996) said that militias are right-wing populist movements that form from frustrations, in particular when the economy is poor. Outwardly, unrest fuels paramilitary forces, the unconscious incarnation of its hero-myths, and the accompanying symbols in the racial unconscious. Here, heroes are born out of necessity, specifically by some who rose above poverty. Using the Jungian model, Frye proposes the seasons as the phases where a hero follows the seasonal narratives from birth to tragedy, death and rebirth. Here, the Angels, a paramilitary force, reaches the pinnacle of their achievement, the Redemption of their identity via all four phases, fully vindicated in the memories of their survivors despite their pejorative origins. After furtive sessions with the survivors, the deepest unconscious embedded in Jungian archetype of the collective psyche was discovered. The undertones were deeply religious and arresting to discover that the militia provided for the needs of the townsfolk for immediate relief and basic needs such as food, shelter and clothing which explains the positive impression of those who have survived the phenomenon.  Article visualizations:


A coarse graining method that introduces Joule heating and improves heat transport in a classical molecular dynamics simulation is reviewed, and two example sets of simulations, opening of gold–gold nano-asperity contacts and nano-asperity sliding at loaded copper–aluminum interfaces are discussed. For the gold contact, dislocations nucleate from the edges of where the asperity contacts the substrates and move along the close-packed planes, resulting in stacking faults that form two subsurface Thompson tetrahedra. For a null voltage, a nanowire with a diameter much smaller than the initial contact area is created when the two tetrahedra are completed, and as the wire yields the partial dislocations retreat to the surface. Opening with Joule heating enhances dislocation mobility and intransient subsurface plasticity. Constant current simulations show melting and boiling of the nanowires depending on the voltage cap. Sliding of an aluminum asperity on copper with a null voltage shows dislocation formation in the copper and aluminum, while heating from an applied voltage eliminates damage in the copper. Sliding with a copper asperity enhances plastic damage in the copper substrate compared with the aluminum asperity, while Joule heating enhances aluminum pile-up in front of the copper asperity due to plowing.


This study examined the effects of short story reading on the improvement of grammar and global quality in EFL narrative writing. In addition, it also explored learners' attitudes toward short story reading on narrative writing performance. The 7-week study was carried out at a university in Mekong Delta, Vietnam, with 50 EFL learners at the pre-intermediate level. Participants were chosen and divided into an experimental group with the intervention of short story reading and a control group with course book reading. Two types of research instruments were used to collect quantitative data, including tests and survey questionnaires. Results showed that short story reading had positive effects on the improvement of grammar and global quality in EFL narrative writing. Moreover, the findings also showed the positive attitudes of EFL learners toward short story reading on narrative writing performance.


Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) can be dissolved in a nonaqueous medium in the presence of catalytic concentration of ethyl nitrate dimethyl sulfoxide, C2H5ONO2 · DMSO (EN · DMSO). From the PVA solution, poly(vinyl butyral) (PVBu) was prepared by acid-catalyzed homogeneous acetalization of PVA with butyraldehyde. The formation of PVBu was confirmed by IR and 1H-NMR spectra. The degree of acetalization of PVBu was found to be 95 mol %, which was verified by 1H-NMR data and acetylation method. The molecular mass of the polymer was determined by GPC method. The glass transition temperature, Tg, was measured from differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) thermograms. Thermal stabilities were checked by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetry (DTG). The acetal decomposed in three stages. The corresponding initial decomposition temperatures were found to be 285, 390, and above 500°C. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1182–1186, 2001


[Background:] The EGFR-dependent growth pathway plays a key role in colorectal cancer. Gene mutations in EGFR downstream intracellular effectors correlate with resistance to EGFR targeting agents. Approximately 40% of colorectal cancers carry an activating K-RAS gene mutation mostly in codons 12 or 13; whereas in about 5 to 8% cases an activating V600E B-RAF gene mutation is observed. These mutations are mutually exclusive, whereas PI3KCA mutations (5-15%) can occur independently. We aimed to evaluate the role of AZD6244, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, in colon cancer cell lines with different mutation profiles in these three genes. [Methods:] Western blots were performed to evaluate the expression of total and activated EGFR, RAS, MAPK and AKT proteins in a panel of six (GEO, HCT15, HCT116, SW620, SW480 and LS174T) colon cancer cell lines. The antiproliferative effects of AZD6244 and gefitinib, a selective EGFR inhibitor, were determined using MTT assays. Induction of apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry. [Results:] Different levels of total and phosphorylated EGFR were detected in five out of six colon cancer cell lines (except in SW620 cells). Four colon cancer cell lines were sensitive to AZD6244-induced growth inhibition, whereas two (HCT15 and LS174T) cell lines were resistant. In AZD6244-sensitive colon cancer cell lines, AZD6244 treatment induced early apoptosis (within 24 hours), which was enhanced between 48 and 72 hours. No correlation between sensitivity to AZD6244 and the expression of total and activated EGFR, RAS, MAPK and AKT proteins was observed. Of note, AZD6244 activity correlated with gene mutation status. K-RAS gene was mutated in GEO, HCT15, HCT116, SW480 and LS174T cells. PI3KCA was mutated in HCT15 and LS174T cells. All cancer cell lines harboured a wild type B-RAF gene. Cancer cells sensitive to AZD6244-induced growth inhibition carried a normal, wild type PI3KCA gene with either a wild type or a mutated K-RAS gene. On the contrary, the two AZD6244-resistant colon cancer cell lines harboured a double mutation in both the K-RAS and PI3KA genes. Finally, all six colon cancer cell lines resulted resistant to gefitinib, a selective EGFR inhibitor, independently from the K-RAS and PI3KA gene mutational status. [Conclusions:] A concomitant double mutation in bothK-RAS and PI3KCA genes status is a predictive factor for intrinsic resistance of colorectal cancer cells to AZD6244 treatment.


Chinese American literature is a result of the collision and melting of Chinese culture and American culture.Most Chinese American writers have dual culture identity,so they are more or less influenced by the westerners'orientalistic imagination on the Chinese.However,the Chinese American writers of different times responded to this orientalistic prejudice respectively in their unique ways and subverted this prejudice at last.


Cysts in the upper neck region yielding fluid on aspiration are frequently given nonspecific re-ports on cytological examination. Noncellular structures may sometimes give a clue regard-ing their site of origin. We report here a case of a 60 year-old female patient with history of swelling in the left parotid region since 3days. History of fever and pain since 1 day. No histo-ry of cough, pain during swallowing or in-creased salivation. She was referred for fine needle aspiration (FNA) of a nodular swelling in the left parotid region for the diagnosis. Clin-ical Examination revealed a lemon -sized, firm nodule measuring 3x 2cm from which 2ml of yellowish, clear fluid was aspirated using 27 gauze needle. Smears were wet-fixed for Pa-panicolaou's (Pap) staining and Haematoxylin and Eosin as well as air-dried for Giemsa stain-ing. The crystals appeared orange coloured in PAP stain and pink in H &E (fig 2) . On Giemsa stain the crystals appeared deep blue (Fig 1) . The present case showed cellular smears showing rectangular shaped non-birefringent crystalloids. Also seen were benign ductal epi-thelial cells and squamous metaplastic cells. Background showed abundant neutrophils ad-mixed with occasional lymphocytes. So a diag-nosis of Acute on chronic Sialadenitis was made. For definitive diagnosis histopathology examination is required.


This chapter reviews conceptual frameworks to understand and measure innovation, and then outlines links between innovation and the concepts of entrepreneurship, the informal economy (IE) and intellectual property (IP). The review suggests that the time is ripe for African policy-makers to seek more holistic approaches to facilitating innovation and, in turn, to fostering socio-economic development in African nations.


The thesis brings up the importance of the role of the socio-moral norms in the management of education for students' development. Research about intellectual property (concerning cheating, plagiarism and fraudulent conversion in education) has been carried by the author. The research has been done in a group of students, parents and teachers. The results of the research confirm the issue the in reality.


Land is an indispensable natural resource made up of soil and groundwater, both of which have many functions for which we depend on, support of agricultural activities, engineering structures, portable water for domestic and industrial use as well as sustenance of flora and fauna in order to maintain favorable ecosystem. Contaminants in land pose a number of threats to public health and the environment; other natural resources; and have detrimental effects on property such as buildings, crops and live stocks. The most effective method of dealing with these contaminants is to cleaning up and returning the sites to beneficial use. The cleanup process involves making a choice from amongst competing remediation methods, where the wrong choice may have disastrous social, economic and environmental impact. This work presents the development of a Decision Support System via thorough literature survey. The Developed DSS was applied to petroleum contaminated site in Ogoniland South-East Nigeria. Finally, Air sparging, phyto-remediation and soil vapour extraction methods were systematically recommended.


Being hard and brittle, glass is considered one of the very difficult-to-cut materials. This chapter is primarily concerned about the glass types, properties, and applications as well as associated difficulties in their machining. Following that, this chapter explores various conventional and nonconventional technologies available till today for machining of glass material. Furthermore, it also sheds light on cutting mechanisms of glass materials for both single and multiple cutting edge tools in case of conventional machining. Aspects of tool wear and surface/subsurface damage relevant to glass machining are also discussed.


To assess how habitat alterations can affect community structure, we compared small mammal populations in undisturbed pocosins with those in pocosins managed as pine (Pinus spp.) plantations. We used snap traps and pitfalls to sample small mammals in 3 pine plantations and 2 undisturbed pocosin habitat types in eastern North Carolina from May 1991 to May 1992. Small mammal community composition differed (P 0.05) an effect of plantation management on species associated with pocosins (short-tailed shrew [Blarina brevicauda], southeastern shrew [Sorex longirostris], cotton mouse [Peromyscus gossypinus], golden mouse [Ochrotomys nuttalli], white-footed mouse [P. leucopus]), possibly because pocosin-like habitat persisted in managed stands. Alternatively, the study design may have lacked statistical power to detect negative responses to disturbance evident in capture trends for these species. We hypothesize that management-related disturbance causes short-term declines or local extinctions of some small mammals, associated with pocosins, which later recover or recolonize. To minimize small mammal community changes associated with disturbance, we recommend managing habitat structure in pine plantations to emulate habitat of undisturbed pocosins.


Sixteen applications of imazapyr and other herbicides were made to field bindweed from 1982 to 1986. Control with imazapyr was 89% or more 1 yr after treatment at 0.14 kg ai ha-1 when plants were growing vigorously at application. Only 1 of 16 applications of imazapyr at 0.56 kg ha-1 controlled less than 90% regardless of plant vigor. Control at 0.56 kg ha-1 was usually superior to that obtained with dicamba at 1.1 and 2.2 kg ae ha-1, and 2,4-D at 1.1 kg ae ha-1, as well as combinations of picloram with either 2,4-D or dicamba. All herbicides were less effective when applied to field bindweed with poor vigor. Winter wheat planted in the fall up to 122 days after application was injured 20 to 88% by imazapyr at 0.14 kg ha-1. Sorghum planted the next spring was injured 15% or less by imazapyr at 0.14 and 0.28 kg ha-1.


Perhaps I'd better start early on, just telling it as if I were writing. I heard of Jean Devanny before I ever met her, and that was because of a very bookish background I had in Melbourne in the old days, the period about 1926-7. I had this passionate desire to write; being young and untried, I was busy living instead of writing -- but that all comes good later. If you went in the Booklovers' library of those days, it was like a club; artists and writers and people who were concerned with events, which were very bad in Europe then because it wasn't being admitted how bad it was, how the totalitarian viciousness and vileness was spreading.Anyway, I remember the Miss Cuthbertsons recommending to me a store of volumes, including Jean's short stories. Margaret Cuthbertson saw to it that I also got a read of the banned book, The Butcher Shop -- there was a really dreadful atmosphere then, jackboots of our own we were having; they censored things, and didn't let us read, but of course there were people who always did. My background was a very different one to Jean's and this made it very hard sometimes for me to understand, but I was learning. (I grew to know it when I married a worker.) That time (about 1928 I think), I took this book up to the mountains with me and read it -- and of course you get a thrill because you've been allowed to read something that's banned. I couldn't really assess it then.Jean came to Australia at the end of 1929. I had gone to Sydney with some family friends, very musical people, who had come from New Zealand. I was only with them because one didn't go anywhere unchaperoned, and I was invited to this wedding in Sydney; I was in their care and we were staying at the Hotel Sydney. Anyway, we went to the wedding, and then they told me they were going out to Darlinghurst Town Hall to listen to a speaker whom they knew. And it wasn't until we got there, that they told me the speaker was Jean Devanny. This was exciting; someone who had been banned. Well, we couldn't get a seat in the hall, we were there after the interval, of course, and we stood along the wall in our wedding regalia, very smart autumn tones. My first impression of Jean was of her vitality -- in all that's been printed of late I don't think there's one line that describes the vital, live, impressive personality she had. And loveable and caring when you got to know her, too. She always reminded me of a knight at arms galloping to a crusade, and her crusade was her passionate love of Communism (though everybody had that on their lips in those days, particularly if they were studying or writing). She was such a vivid person, very good bones and a very good speaking voice and it came right from the guts, so to speak; it was deeply felt, what she had to say, always humorous, and good repartee. But on the stage, she had the quality that in the green room crowd we would call `gets over the footlights'; it would now be called charisma. I could have seen her in a lot of theatrical parts, but that wasn't her lean. When the speaking was over, a lot of people got up and called to her, and then the people I was with said they'd go back to the green room -- I don't know if you called it that at Paddo Town Hall, where you went round the back to meet them.There was a big crush as many wanted words with this and that politician present that night, and of course Jean, too, had a faithful following. I stood back against the wall (being young and a bit shy) while my friends went to her. They all talked excitedly, and then I was presented. I had been going over in my head what words I'd say to this published and banned writer. I was so thrilled at it all. I said: "Miss Devanny, I've read your book, The Butcher Shop." "Have you indeed, child", she gave me her lovely smile. "And I've just been told you designed and made your dress." She chatted about clothes, and I was struck dumb at meeting a writer who didn't choose to talk about self or work. …


In the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet materials, existing of small amount of copper can increases the coercivity which is very important property of the magnet. In order to understand the microscopic mechanism of the effect of copper on the properties of the Nd-Fe-B magnet, first-principles calculations based on density functional theory coupled with cluster expansion method are performed to investigate the phase stability in Cu-doped Nd and Nd-O system. Calculations revealed that Cu is stable in both NdO-ZnS and N2O3-cI80 structures in a wide oxygen concentration range and the possible existing state of Cu in Nd-rich phase might be a solid solution of (Nd,Cu)O-ZnS.


By means of optical phase shift measurements at low and high excitation levels, spontaneous and stimulated carrier lifetimes are determined (77°K) as a function of photon energy on nitrogen‐doped and nitrogen‐free n‐type GaAs1−xPx. Spontaneous lifetime data near laser threshold on N‐free samples show the effect of stimulated emission and intraband adjustment of electrons during sample fluorescence. Above threshold the lifetime drops sharply in the vicinity (energy or wavelength) of the sample peak laser output. Nitrogen‐doped samples show, in addition, the effect of electron transfer from the conduction band to the NN‐pair states, supporting in the process laser operation on the nitrogen states.


It is shown that all approximate symmetric derivatives of measurable functions are in Baire class one. Further, if f is a measurable function which is finite a.e., then its upper and lower approximate symmetric derivates are in Baire class three.


is a prerequisite in over 40 U.S. states for seeking accreditation of a direct-recording electronic (DRE) or paper-based voting system. While individual state laws vary, this is generally interpreted as being tested by National Association of State Election Directors (NASED) accredited hardware and software Independent Testing Authorities (ITAs) to the voluntary FEC Voting System Standards (VSS). Election directors require a NASED Qualification Number and Report before accepting systems for testing. In 1975, the National Bureau of Standards issued the report Effective Use of Computing Technology in Vote-Tallying, which determined a basic problem in computerized elections was the lack of technical skills at the state/local level for development of standards and testing. This report and other studies conducted in the 1980s were the impetus for the ultimate development of federal minimum voluntary standards. The 1990 VSS (Performance and Test Standards for Punchcard Marksense and Direct Recording Electronic Voting Systems) addressed the risks of security, privacy, accuracy, and problems plaguing jurisdictions, including: orphaned systems as vendors disappeared or went out of business; systems that didn't perform as expected or that gave no guarantee of minimum functionality or adequate instructions; and systems that broke after a few elections (for example, systems stored in Phoenix, AZ, or Hilo, HI, warehouses were adversely affected by environmental conditions). By 2000, advances in voting technology, legislative changes, and the Americans with Disabilities Act warranted updating the 1990 VSS. Technical consultants, election officials, and testing labs representatives volunteered their time to assist the FEC in updating the 2002 VSS. In defining the scope of changes the authors noted, "Voting systems marketed today are dramatically improved. Election officials are better assured that the voting systems they procure will work accurately and reliably. Voting system failures are declining, and now primarily involve preStandard equipment, untested equipment configurations, or the mismanagement of tested equipment. Overall, systems integrity and the election processes have improved markedly." The VSS update focused on the areas of change along with strengthening requirements for code review and vendor documentation. BY Carolyn Coggins INDEPENDENT OF VOTING SYSTEMS


Abstract:  This investigation examined the impact of Grey's Anatomy viewing on a host of organ donation‐related variables: organ donation beliefs and attitudes and a willingness to discuss organ donation with family. Following exposure to a storyline in which two myths were presented: (i) the rich and famous can buy their way to the top of organ waiting lists (purchase myth) and (ii) friends and family of medical professionals receive organ transplants quicker than other individuals (relationship myth), results revealed that loyal viewers of Grey's Anatomy are less likely to believe the purchase myth compared to non‐viewers. No difference emerged between these two groups with respect to the relationship myth. Additionally, loyal viewers were more likely to talk about their willingness to donate organs than non‐viewers. Results are discussed with an emphasis on how Grey's Anatomy portrayals can impact perceptions and action tendencies related to organ donation.


Presents equations to predict diameter at breast height from stump diameter measurements for 17 northeastern tree species. Simple linear regression was used to develop the equations. Application of the equations is discussed.


The effectiveness of educational reform initiatives depends on the impact of the policy on the whole school. The Integrated Quality Management System (IQMS - 2005) in South Africa is a performance management system aimed at improving the quality of education. This article reports on the investigation done for a doctoral thesis (Rabichund 2011). The study adopted a mixed-method approach within purposefully selected schools. Its aim was to explain the impact of the Integrated Quality Management System on Whole School Development in the light of the national policy. The findings reveal educators views on IQMS and the impact of IQMS on schools. The difficulty with IQMS implementation was that it did not necessarily translate easily into a plan of action in the schools that led to effective whole school development. An ongoing challenge therefore exists for South African schools in their search for quality, in particular in the effective implementation of IQMS for the sake of Whole School Development. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n4p348


For the night digital monitor image of many noises the common denoising algorithms are compared,and the enhanced denoising method is designed combining morphology with median filter after balancing image smoothness,clearness and time complexity.The expriments confirm that the algorithm is feasible by the contrast of the effect of before and after denoising.


The gas flow in the PSC type cyclone tube was studied by experimental measurement and numerical simulation.The results show that the simulation result based on the Reynolds stress turbulent model is in good agreement with the measured result probed by the five orifice Pitot-tube.It was shown that the effective gas-solid flow control in the cyclone tube was realized by the slots on the exit tube and the dust discharge cone,which was helpful in changing the flow characteristics and improving the performance of the cyclone tube.


Abstract 1133 Introduction: Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder. VWD and other autosomal inherited bleeding disorders equally affect women and men. Menorrhagia or severe menstrual bleeding (HMB) is the most common symptom of women with bleeding disorders. HMB is defined as bleeding that lasts for more than seven days or as the loss of more than 80 mL of blood per menstrual cycle. The menstrual blood loss can be quantified by the use of a pictorial bleeding assessement chart (PBAC). Samples and methods: In 195 women with menorrhagia and in 45 controls menstrual blood loss was quantified using pictorial blood assesment charts (PBAC) and results were compared. Results: In 169 of 195 women (86%) a bleeding disorder could be detected. In those with a bleeding disorder, the distribution was as followed: 62% had a von Willebrand disease, 14,4% had a factor-VII-deficiency (F7D), 5% had a factor-XIII-deficiency (F13D) and the remaining 18,6% had other beedling disorders (e. g. hypofibrinogenaemia and other mild factor deficiencies). The median PBAC-Score of all patients was 268 (range: 10–4212). In our controi group of 45 women the median PBAC-Score was 46,5 (3- 137).ROC-Analysation shows that the PBAC (AUC=0.977) is much more useful than the number of bleeding days (AUC=0.855) in order to distingish controls from patients suffering from menorrhagia due to a coagulation disorder. We found that the best cutoff for the PBAC is 100 with an sensitifity of 88% and a specifity of 97%. Discussion: Attempts to measure the quantity of menstrual blood loss can be useful in clinic practice. One study found that variables predicting a blood loss higher than 80ml per menses were clots greater than one inch, low ferritin levels, or changing a pad or tampon more than hourly (flooding). A prospective method of quantifying menstrual blood loss includes the use of a pictorial bleeding assessement calendar (PBAC). We are of the opinion, that we would have detected more bleeding disorder also in the patients, where we did not find any diagnosis until now, if we would have controlled them more than one time during the cycle period. Conclusions: Women with hyermenorrhagia frequently suffer from a bleeding disorder, in 86% of our patients an abnormal coagulation was found. The PBAC-Score is an easy tool to quantify menstrual blood loss in women. In our study a PBAC-Score above 100 was suspicious of having a bleeding disorder. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


1Introduction Polyolefin industry arrives the option to transfer from multiple-site systems of the classical Ziegler-Natta catalysts to more sophisticated single-site catalysts. The late-transition metal compounds were traditionally assumed with poor polymerization properties due to the highly competitive chain-termination step, and produced the short-chain oligomers up to 40 carbon atoms (SHOP catalysts). Recently the polyolefins employing latetransition metal complexes as catalysts became a hot research subject with the pioneering works by Brookhart and Gibson. It is promising for nickel catalysts to use solely ethylene as monomer for highly branched polyethylenes, and the designed nickel catalysts were not useful in industry. It is critical time to investigate the relationship of coordination modes of nickel complexes and its catalytic activities and the properties of resultant polyethylenes.


Four of the five six-membered rings of the title pentacyclic triterpene, C33H52O4, adopt chair conformations; the fifth, which has a C=C double bond, adopts an approximate envelope conformation.


The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical analysis of the impact of the privatisation of social security on Chile's economy and society. The paper also includes a brief discussion of Chile's current economic problems, and suggestions for integrating the social security system into the future development of the country. Its central argument is that social security should be able to provide adequate benefits not only to a privileged group of people, but to the entire society. In the case of Chile, the privatised system has created new sources of inequities, reduced the population coverage, and it has had a limited impact on economic development.


We report on a method and an associated open source software, Fit@TDS, working on an average personal computer. The method is based on the fitting of a time-trace data of a terahertz time-domain-spectroscopy system enabling the retrieval of the refractive index of a dielectric sample and the resonance parameters of a metasurface (quality factor, absorption losses, etc.). The software includes commonly used methods where the refractive index is extracted from frequency domain data. However, these methods are limited, for instance in case of a high noise level or when an absorption peak saturates the absorption spectrum bringing the signal to the noise level. Our software allows to use a new method where the refractive indices are directly fitted from the time-trace. The idea is to model a material or a metamaterial through parametric physical models (Drude-Lorentz model and time-domain coupled mode theory) and to implement the subsequent refractive index in the propagation model to simulate the time-trace. Then, an optimization algorithm is used to retrieve the parameters of the model corresponding to the studied material/metamaterial. In this paper, we explain the method and test it on fictitious samples to probe the feasibility and reliability of the proposed model. Finally, we used Fit@TDS on real samples of high resistivity silicon, lactose and gold metasurface on quartz to show the capacity of our method


.................................................................................................................................... i CO-AUTHORSHIP STATEMENT ............................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ v LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATEUR REVIEW ......................................... 1 1. The Tragedy of Ernest Hemingway: A Case Study .................................................................... 1 1.1. Defining Perfectionism ............................................................................................................ 3 1.2. Perfectionism and the Five-Factor Model................................................................................ 4 1.3. The Intergenerational Transmission of Perfectionism ............................................................. 5 1.4. Are Perfectionistic Strivings Adaptive?................................................................................... 6 1.4.1. Do Perfectionistic Strivings Exacerbate Perfectionistic Concerns? ............................................... 7 1.4.2. Is Controlling for Perfectionistic Concerns Perilous? .................................................................... 7 1.4.3. Is Self-Oriented Perfectionism Uniquely Related to Narcissistic Grandiosity? ............................. 8 1.4.4. Are Perfectionistic Strivings Risk Factors for Depression Beyond Neuroticism? ......................... 9 1.4.5. Does Self-Oriented Perfectionism Play a Role in Social Disconnection? ...................................... 9 1.4.6. Are Perfectionistic Strivings Related to Suicide Ideation? ........................................................... 10 1.5. References .............................................................................................................................. 11 CHAPTER TWO: PERFECTIONISTIC STRIVINGS AND CONCERNS INTERACT ........... 21 2. Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 21 2.


A dry planarization process has been developed that utilizes plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition of amorphous carbon films. The characteristics of the films depend on deposition conditions such as source gas composition, rf power, degree of ion bombardment, temperature, pressure, and electrode spacing. Planar films were deposited at low temperatures (< 50 °C) with low ion bombardment energy (< 10 V) and high deposition rates (100–300 nm/min). These conditions are desirable for ultra‐large‐scale integrated circuits fabrication, in which the thermal budget and damage must be minimized while maintaining a high throughput. A high degree of planarization over long distances was obtained. By using 2.5‐μm‐thick carbon films, the height of 1.5 μm steps was reduced to less than 0.2 μm for 400‐μm‐wide trenches, providing better than 85% planarization. The planar films have low viscosity and molecular weight, and their molecular structure is similar to that of the source gas. A post‐deposition hardening step was utilized to improve the compatibility of the films with subsequent processing steps. Submicrometer features were patterned in bilayer resists consisting of these planarization layers in combination with either wet‐ or dry‐deposited inorganic imaging layers.


As artificial agents become increasingly prevalent in our daily lives, it becomes imperative to equip them with an awareness of societal norms; specifically, the ability to account for and be considerate towards others they may cohabit with. In this work, we explore the ability for an agent trained through reinforcement learning to exhibit sympathetic behaviours towards another (independent) agent in the environment. We propose to achieve such behaviours by first inferring the reward function of the independent agent, through inverse reinforcement learning, and subsequently learning a policy based on a sympathetic reward function - a convex combination of the inferred rewards and the agent's own rewards. The corresponding weighting is determined by a sympathy function which is computed based on the estimated return of the agent's current action relative to that of all possible actions it could have taken. We evaluate our approach on adversarial as well as assistive environment settings, and demonstrate the ability of our sympathetic agent to perform well at its own goal, while simultaneously giving due consideration to another agent in its environment. We also empirically examine and report the sensitivity of our agent's performance to the hyperparameters introduced in our proposed framework.


The technological and economical pressures in manufacturing industry require an optimization of existing production processes. For this purpose, Thermal elastic-plastic constitutive equations are established to gain insight into the quenching operation of a production system. The finite element model is established to model transient 3-D temperature ad stress fields during quenching of the cone-shaped shells. The X-ray diffraction method is applied to measure the residual stresses of cone-shaped shell. And the measured residual stresses of quenched cone-shaped shell show a good agreement with those simulated by FEM. The example of FEM application in this paper offers theoretical basis and technological parameters for practical production, and makes it possible to optimize the process parameters of heat treatment of cone-shaped shells to control quality in the weapons production.


The current large-scale datacenters typically adopt redundancy of servers and communication devices for increased reliability and availability. A highly redundant infrastructure, however, is one of the challenges of the area due to the high energy consumption. This paper presents BEEP, an energy-efficient strategy for datacenter networks based on the Fat Tree topology. Our strategy uses multipaths and the global view offered by software-defined networks to balance the energy efficiency, the equipment redundancy level, and the performance gain when dealing with the traffic demands. BEEP was implemented in an OpenFlow network and the multipaths were implemented using MPTCP (Multipath TCP). The experimental results in variants of the Fat Tree topology show gains in the energy efficiency with the strategy in the order of 30% to 45%, in addition to a better utilization of the available bandwidth, as more alternative paths are available.


"Interactive Word Walls", animated with the words classroom walls, is one of the commonly used applications at primary schools. It has been used to enrich vocabulary, increase the level of reading fluency and word recognition, and to improve writing skills as a teaching tool in language arts. In addition, there are studies about how word walls may be used in content area teaching such as mathematics, science education, and social studies. Although studies conducted in foreign literature increase interest about interactive word walls, it can be seen that there is a need for word walls and its teaching in Turkish literature. The aim of current study is to inform about how interactive word walls may be used in different dimensions of teaching, to present some activities at primary school level and to shed light on researchers and teachers with studies about word walls


A recombinant subunit antigen (ORF2.1), representing the carboxy‐terminal 267 amino acids of the 660‐amino‐acid hepatitis E virus (HEV) capsid protein, was expressed in Escherichia coli and used for the immunisation of rats. Purified antigen formulated with either Aluminium Hydroxide Gel Adjuvant (Alum) or Titermax gave high and equivalent levels of antibody after three doses. Responses to two doses of 15, 75, or 150 μg antigen, formulated with Alum and given at 0 and 4 weeks, were also equivalent by 17 weeks after immunisation. Rats initially developed antibody to a wide range of linear epitopes in the ORF2.1 region, but by 27 weeks the predominant response detected by Western immunoblotting was restricted to the conformational epitope unique to ORF2.1 [Li et al. (1997) Journal of Medical Virology 52:289–300], a pattern that was also observed when comparing acute‐phase patient serum samples with serum samples from convalescing patients. Antibody from immunised rats blocked the majority of patients' serum reactivity in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay against both ORF2.1 (57–92% inhibition) and virus‐like particles of HEV produced using the baculovirus system (74–97% inhibition). Together, these results suggest that the ORF2.1 subunit vaccine induces an antibody response against immunodominant, conformational epitopes in the viral capsid, which largely mimics that seen in convalescent patients, who are presumed to be immune to HEV infection. J. Med. Virol. 60:379–386, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


* Summary: Drawing on relevant literature and research findings, this article questions current assumptions relating to children who sometimes harm animals. The issue was raised in this journal by Bell (2001) who discussed the arguments that individuals who are cruel to animals are more likely to be aggressive towards their partners and children (Arkow, 1995; Ascione, 1996; Hutton, 1983); that children who have been the victims of violence are likely to harm animals, and more likely to be aggressive towards humans later in life (Kellert and Felthouse, 1985; Ressler et al., 1988). These proposed links or cycles of domestic abuse suggest that children who witness such violence later harm animals and eventually humans. The weakest family member usually becomes the ultimate target or scapegoat (O'Hagan and Smith, 1993). The assumption is that victims become perpetrators and are thus predictable and appropriate targets for prior diagnosis. * Findings: These arguments are not easy, but have the potential to prompt moral panic, based in part on journalists' contributions, which rely on inappropriate simplification of selected academic work that supports these links or cycles. Such an over-simplified version can develop an energy of its own or a quasi-autonomous status (Foucault, 1969) that permeates public consciousness and professional practice. * Applications: The article questions this process and the coherence of the arguments, and identifies some limitations for social work practice arising from this problematic and pervasive approach.


The design and synthesis of novel new high energy density materials (HEDM) is more art than science. Many potential molecular systems have been identified computationally. Most computational studies are performed using traditional gas-phase quantum chemistry methods, which determine high-energy structures of a particular cluster of atoms that are geometrically constrained. At first, a minimum energy optimization of the molecular structure is sought. Once located, the adiabatic stability to decomposition via several channels is explored by locating energy barriers to decomposition. These calculations could then suggest whether a particular cluster is stable and is a viable HEDM candidate. This computational procedure offers nothing in way of practical steps about the synthesis of the HEDM molecule starting from currently existing materials, and therefore is disconnected from experimental undertakings for the realization of novel HEDMs. We propose to apply a new multiscale simulation method for the study of shocked high energy density materials enabling, for the first time, the elucidation of chemistry under shock conditions on the 100 ps timescale. (E. J. Reed, L. E. Fried, J. D. Joannopoulos, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 235503 (2003)) The method combines molecular dynamics and the Euler equations for compressible flow. The method allows the molecular dynamicsmore » simulation of the system under dynamical shock conditions for orders of magnitude longer time periods than is possible using the popular non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) approach. A computational speedup of 10{sup 5} has been demonstrated for an example calculation for a silicon model potential. Computational speedups orders of magnitude higher are possible in the study of high energy-density materials at the condensed phase, enabling the computational simulation and optimization of these materials for the first time. Our finding will guide experimental realization of such materials by providing the exact thermodynamical variables for the existence of such materials. Proposed systems of study include polynitrogen, oxygen, and their mixtures.« less


This study introduces the concept of smart materials, namely magnetorheological (MR) fluids, to the design of automotive engine isolation systems. Hydraulic bushings and mounts are widely used in the automobile industry to isolate the engine and chassis from each other. The simplicity and low cost associated with these types of bushing, in addition to their dual frequency response characteristics, are the main reasons for their industrial popularity. Recently with the introduction of variable displacement engines (VDE), the conventional bushings have reached their performance limits. A more versatile isolator is therefore required to handle the additional vibration and disturbances in VDE, associated with the change in the engine displacement whenever the automobile does not use its full displacement capacity for maintaining the desired speed. The realization is that the appropriate isolator should be half as stiff in the operating frequency range of the three cylinder mode of the engine. In addition, in the full cylinder mode the isolator must maintain the performance levels comparable to existing conventional products. This study introduces a cost-effective semi-active bushing for the VDE isolation problem. After a study of the VDE systems, different modes of engine performances in those systems are discussed, and the ideal isolator features for this type of engine are identified. The hydraulic bushing frequency response is then obtained experimentally. Based on the experimental results, a simple semi-active bushing proof-of-concept design is developed and tested, which utilizes a short inertia track to satisfy the soft isolator requirement in VDE mode. A mathematical model of the semi-active system is generated, and its validity is verified experimentally. The damping requirement of this semi-active isolator is produced by utilizing a MR compliance chamber. This innovative solution reduces the amount of expensive MR fluid requirements of the bushing. The experimental results on the semi-active bushing system, using a magnetic shaker, show the merit of the system for the VDE application.


Scientific research is one of the bases on which a university fulfill its social service functions. The industrial function of a university is mainly symbolized by the transformation of its fruits of scientific research into the productivity of enterprises. A university science park, different from a high_tech development zone, is expected to focus on its incubator function. That is, besides promoting the transformation of science and technology into productivity and fulfilling the industrial function of a university, the park is supposed to stimulate the development of scientific research and the interaction among industry, education, and research of the university.


This article was republished on May 19th, 2016 to correct poor figure quality in the PDF version, which was introduced during the typesetting process.


According to the principles of index screening,an index system to assess the dynamic carrying capacity of urban regional water environment is designed from the aspects of economy,society,resources,environment,and technology,and a three-layer hierarchy-structured model is proposed.In order to consider the characteristics of multiple indexes,a statistics method is used to non-dimension process of the evaluation indexes.On the basis,an appraisal model is put forward,which is a combination of Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and statistics.Study result shows that the model proposed in this paper is suitable for comprehensive assessment of regional water environmental carrying capacity of multiple indexes and multiple factors.


Electrical properties of Si and Sn doped AlxGa1-xAs epitaxial films grown by MBE have been studied in the wide range of AlAs mole fraction. With a constant doping level, decrease in the carrier concentration was observed around the direct-indirect band crossover point, for Si-doped and Sn-doped AlxGa1-xAs. Abrupt increase in donor ionization energy ED occurred in Si-doped AlxGa1-xAs films. These characteristics are similar to those reported for Te and Sn doped AlxGa1-xAs grown by LPE.


Character recognition in scene images is a challenging visual recognition problem. The research field of scene text recognition receives a growing attention due to the proliferation of digital cameras and the great variety of potential applications, as well. Such applications include robotic vision, image retrieval, intelligent navigation systems and applications to provide assistance to visual impaired persons. In this paper, a novel methodology for recognition of basic Kannada characters in scene images is proposed. It is divided into two phases namely: training and testing. During training, zone wise horizontal and vertical profile based features are extracted from training samples and knowledge base is created. During testing, the test image is processed to obtain features and recognized using euclidean distance classifier. The method has been evaluated on 460 Kannada character images captured from 2 Mega Pixels cameras on mobile phones at various sizes 240x320, 600x800 and 900x1200 which contains samples of different sizes, styles and with different degradations, and achieves an average recognition accuracy of 91%. The system is efficient and insensitive to the variations in size and font, noise, blur, dark background, slant/tilt and other degradations.


Operator ∇ inner products on both sides of Combination of Boyles' law and Chares law ("B-C law" in short), we got the "Wind Speed Equation of a Point in Air" ("Wind Speed Equation" in short). It suits for describing straight-line motion, and It states that mu ̇ is in proportion to ∇•T. Operator ∇ outer products on both sides of "Wind Speed Equation" (where T is replaced by T), we get the "Rotation Equation of a Point in Air" ("Rotation Equation" in short). It is a vector partial differential equation (PDE), suits for describing circular motion. It states that (mu ̇ ) is in proportion to T. Its solution is found by the method of separating variables. The existence of vector T is proved by the existence of rotation in the atmosphere and the solution of the "Rotation Equation". It reveals that the vector form of B-C law holds in rotating air. Examples of up-side-down vertical rotation and horizontal rotation are given.


The motion of an artificial satellite in the Earth's gravitational field is discussed in the post-Newtonian framework including the effect of weak gravitation waves using the perturbation technique of the canonical Lie-transformations. Two successive canonical transformations are used to derive analytical expressions for the short-period, long-period and secular perturbations of orbital elements. The solution is expressed in terms of the Delaunay variables.


Bryophyte is one group of the sensitive indicators for monitoring air pollution. By using bryophyte, it could monitor air pollution, identify the pollution resources, disclose the deposition role of air pollution, and reflect the scenario that air pollution changes with time and space, and even evaluate the change of the environmental quality in different areas. This article summarized the indicating function of bryophyte to air pollution.


We compute one of the distinguished extremal Betti number of the binomial edge ideal of a block graph, and classify all block graphs admitting precisely one extremal Betti number.


Leukemia–lymphoma cell lines are important research tools in a variety of fields. To represent adequate model systems it is of utmost importance that cell lines faithfully model the primary tumor material and are not cross‐contaminated with unrelated cell material (or contaminated with mycoplasma). As it has been previously reported that cross‐contaminated cell lines represent a significant problem, it is of interest to know whether any improvement in the prevalence of such "false cell lines" had occurred since we called the alert in 1999. A retrospective review of our data archives covered 848 cell lines received from 1990 to 2014 from 290 laboratories in 23 countries spanning the spectrum of leukemia–lymphoma entities. Two variables were considered: authenticity and freedom from mycoplasma infection. Regarding provenance, we separately considered primary sources (original investigators having established the cell lines or reference repositories) and secondary sources. The percentages of mycoplasma‐contaminated cell lines decreased significantly over the 25‐year timespan. Among primary sourced material: mycoplasma‐contamination fell from 23% to 0%; among secondary sourced: from 48% to 21%. The corresponding figures for cross‐contamination declined from 15% to 6%, while among material obtained from secondary sources prevalence remained remarkably high, throughout the time periods at 14–18%. Taken together, our data indicate that using non‐authenticated cell lines from secondary sources carries a risk of about 1:6 for obtaining a false cell line. The use of authentic leukemia–lymphoma cell lines holds important translational value for their model character and the reproducibility of the laboratory data in the clinical arena.


falsity but rather of its truth. Or more accurately expressed we are warranted in asserting that in order for a thing to be true in itself it must for us appear to contain a contradiction. The existence of evil therefore and of contradictory notions of freedom is no barrier to belief in God's goodness and in the reality of freedom. From a literary standpoint the book is very attractive. It abounds in telling illustration and the style generally is most excellent. Much of the argument is quite convincing, although more is conceded at times than seems necessary, to unbelieving science . The book will prove valuable to many doubting minds and ought to have a very wide reading. E. Y. MULLINS.


Beginning in the late 1980s, a group of Israeli academics, collectively known as the "new historians", undertook a project of historical revision based on newly available Israeli archival documents...


First published at Byline Times The initial response from the far right social media contingent as news broke about a group of parents of faith ...


Workplace diversity refers to the variety of differences between people in an organization. It refers to the differences that people bring to their job on the basis of gender, race, ethnicity, age and other backgrounds, including disability. Despite one's appearance, look or physical ability, respects and considerations should be given to someone's capability and potential in performing the job. Diversity at workplace has been evidenced to be beneficial to the organization. It may increase innovations, productivity and competitive advantages, gain
creativity and give positive reputation. To people with disability (PWD), diversity at the work
place is a means of inclusivity. This paper looks at the position of Malaysian laws in promoting
diversity in the workplace particularly to support employment of people with disability. Aiming
towards realising an inclusive society, PWD's roles, talents and potentials must be valued. It
is therefore to note that, even though Malaysia has no explicit laws addressing the matter, there
are scattered provisions embedded in different statutes that seemingly promoting diversity at
the work place for the disabled. At this point, the paper concludes that Malaysian legislations
do play some roles in promoting diversity at the workplace as far as PWD is concerned.