This research uses an experimental method which is aimed to know the difference of science literacy ability toward science-based model based learning project on hydrolysis material and buffer solution. This research was conducted in SMA Negeri 2 Salatiga. Design The research used is Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The sample used is two classes chosen by cluster random sampling technique. Methods of data collection in the form of documentation, observation, and test methods. The project work done by the students in the making of shampoo from rice husk. The data obtained were then analyzed using the N gain and t-test. The result of gain normality test obtained average science literacy ability of post-test result increased 0,77 and 0,69 with the high category in experiment class and while in control class. In addition, t-test analysis showed that the tcount of 3,660 is greater than ttable 2,002 with 5% significance level which means there is a significant improvement difference between experiment class and control class. In addition, the determination coefficient test obtained the value of 0.6 with the category of the influence of Project Based Learning Model is strong. Based on the results of the analysis can be concluded that the application of Model-Based Learning on the ability of science literacy is more significant than the Conventional Model.


The inhibitory effects of ether extracts from different fractions of Cyclocarya paliurus seeds were evaluated using the method of bioassay,and then the inhibitors of pericarp and seed coat were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy(GC-MS).The bioassay results indicated that the inhibitors were distributed in all the fractions of the seeds,and the following activity series was obtained: pericarp seed coat embryo.The GC-MS identification results showed that there existed several inhibitors such as heptanoic acid,octanoic acid,hexadecanoic acid and diethyl phthalate.The IC50(Inhibitory concentration 50%) of two standard substances including diethyl phthalate and hexadecanoic acid were 478.63μl/L and 602.56mg/L respectively.


Due to environmental concerns, automotive manufacturers aim at acquiring knowledge of physical and chemical phenomena inside the combustion chamber to understand and control pollutant emissions. Despite the outstanding performances in the domain of high performance intensive numerical calculation, the numerical simulations of the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engines do not allow a detailed description of the chemical processes. The present study aims to improve the turbulent combustion models based on Large Eddy Simulation approach by developing an efficient cost cutting tabulation method to fit chemistry in engine combustion modeling. A particular attention is paid to the capacity of the tabulation method to reproduce the pollutant species formation during the compression stroke, the reaction phase, and the power stroke of an ICE. This method assumes that IC engine chemistry can be mapped by a collection of 0-D reactor computation data, using for coordinates: the progress variable, the energy and the density. In a first step, the chemical prediction capability of this technique is validated on an auto-igniting variable volume simulation. The Tabulated Thermo Chemistry (TTC) method was initially developed to couple the chemical kinetics with compressible Navier-Stokes solvers for low Mach number flows. In this work, the TTC method was adapted in the framework of variable pressure combustion. A TTC version dedicated to engine combustion is thus coupled in an unsteady compressible LES code. The method of coupling was successfully tested both on simplified configurations and on a Rapid Compression Machine.


Abstract : The objective of this investigation was to determine the influence of pore water pressure on the engineering properties of rock. A series of drained triaxial compression tests were performed on Vermont marble in order to study strain rate effects. Isotropic compression and triaxial compression tests under drained and undrained conditions were performed on Berea sandstone, Salem limestone, Vermont marble, and Barre granite. The drained and undrained tests resulted in a single Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope in terms of effective stress for each rock type. In all cases the failure envelope was concave to the normal stress axis. The modified Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope plotted as a straight line for each rock type.


The effects of buckled shed of different time on the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities of grape leaves (tender, function and old leaves) were studied by without buckle shed (CK), buckled shed on January 1st, 2018 (I) and buckled shed on January 20th, 2018 (II), sampled 6 times with interval one week. The results showed that the SOD and POD activities of grape tender leaves and functional leaves under buckled shed on January 1st and buckled shed on January 20th treatments were increased to varying degrees. However, the activities of SOD and POD of grape old leaves under buckled shed on January 1st and buckled shed on January 20th treatments increased in the early stage and decreased in the later stage. The SOD activities of old leaves sampled for the sixth time were higher 17.17% and 12.00% than those of the two treatments, respectively. The POD activity in old leaves in the sixth sampling of treatment buckled shed on January 1st decreased 11.00%. The results showed that the activities of SOD and POD in tender leaves, functional leaves and early old leaves of grapes were increased by the treatment of buckled shed, which indicated that the treatment of buckled shed could promote the growth of grapes and enhance resistance, and there was no significant difference between the buckled shed on January 1st and buckled shed on January 20th treatments.


He said that vaginal discharge was a not uncommon sequel to vaginal hysterectomy, and was more likely to be prolonged when haemostasis had been imperfect and some form of drainage had been employed. Sometimes, too, whether following a frank abscess in the vault or merely a continuing sub-clinical infection, a sero-purulent discharge persisted for weeks or even months. Local examination might then show granulation tissue, biopsy of which on occasion revealed an unsuspected tuberculosis. A less common but not unknown cause for a persisting discharge was a foreign body in the vagina, most often a swab. Recently (McElin and Ferris, 1949) attention had been drawn to another complication of vaginal hysterectomy, namely, prolapse of the Fallopian tube. This condition, which might be predisposed to by overlong drainage of the vault and gave rise to symptoms of pain and discharge within a month or two of operation, had been variously treated by replacement, by vaginal excision or by abdominal removal. Quite apart from this complication, if the surgeon brought the cut ends of the Fallopian tubes through the vaginal vault, as Blair Bell used to do, discharge might persist for months; but a true peritoneal sinus draining clear fluid was a rarity. Finally, if the discharge contained urine, then elucidation of the site of the fistula presented no particular difficulty. The case to be described by kind permission of Mr. J. St. George Wilson was marked by a heavy vaginal discharge persisting for more than a year after vaginal hysterectomy, due to a cause other than any of those already mentioned. Mr. S. Bender described


The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of disagreement and cohesiveness on knowledge sharing in teams, and on the performance of individual team members. Data were obtained from a survey among 1, 354 employees working in 126 teams in 17 organizations. The results show that cohesiveness has a positive effect on the exchange of advice between team members and on openness for sharing opinions, whereas disagreement has a negative effect on openness for sharing opinions. Furthermore, the exchange of advice in a team has a positive effect on the performance of individual team members and acts as a mediator between cohesiveness and individual performance.


This article analyzes the online impulsive purchases. Visual appeal, perceived enjoyment and purchase intention are the exogenous variables. The quantitative research is used in this study with descriptive analysis methods. The samples are 100 consumers who have shopped at the top four online stores in Indonesia (Lazada, Blibli, Tokopedia, Elevenia) and analyzed using path analysis. The results show that visual appeal has a negative influence on purchase intention and consumer online impulsive buying, while visual appeal has an influence on perceived enjoyment. Perceived enjoyment has an influence on purchase intention but has a negative influence on consumer online impulsive buying. Purchase intention has an influence on consumer online impulsive buying. Perceived enjoyment is the most influences variable on purchase intention compared to visual appeal, while the most influential variable on consumer online impulsive buying is purchase intention compared to visual appeal and perceived


This study focuses on the decision making process of international tourists traveling to Tanzania. An integrated approach is proposed to understand the interrelationships among tourist motivations, expectations, place identity and place dependence. Specifically, travel motivations directly affect tourist's expectations and these expectations have impact on place identity and place dependence. Finally, place identity affects place dependence, both being components of place attachment. The model is based on the theory that potential tourists form their experiences in a path order that is at the start or even stage of planning the itinerary, during their stay and finally when building their attachment as well as future choices towards destinations. A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather data in which a convenience sampling method was  employed. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis in which out of 700 collected questionnaires, 504 responses were retained for analysis. The empirical findings of this study recognize and account for the fact that travel motivation can only be understood by focusing on several underlying factors. Also, the empirical findings recognize that different experiences release and stimulate identification processes, which further strengthen the attachment of tourists to the site they visit. Other  researchers can make use of theories developed in this study to come up with more lucid models in different contexts. Keywords : travel motivations; travel expectations; place identity; place dependence


Abstract : The purpose of this project is to examine how activation of two cellular defense mechanisms mediated by heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is associated with heat tolerance and heat acclimation. In this first annual period, our major effort focused on examining effects of heat acclimation on activation of the two systems involving HSF1 and GR in cultured muscle cells. Based on our preliminary data, heat-acclimatized cells showed greater resistance against heat stress compared to unacclimatized ones. Heat-acclimatized cells were associated with significant translocation of both HSF1 and GR from the cytosol to nucleus and mitochondria, which was not observed in unacclimatized ones. We also found that heat-induced damage developed concurrently with mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle cells. Inhibition of dynamin-like protein 1 prevented mitochondrial fragmentation and improved viability of muscle cells during heat exposure. These preliminary results suggest that HSF1 and GR systems are involved in HA and mitochondrial integrity is central to resistance of muscle cells against heat-induced injury.


Public Issues, Human Behaviour and Cultural Design Behaviour Analysis and Social Welfare Policy The Ethics of Helping People Youth Violence The Education Crisis Racism Productivity in the Workplace Sexism Child Maltreatment Teenage Sexuality Sexual Coercion Psychosis Loneliness, Social Isolation and Social Anxiety Drug Abuse Conclusion - "Acting to Save the World" - the Elements of Action.


An interpolating algorithm was proposed to regulate reference trajectory in order to achieve faster convergence rate.The algorithm has the character that choosing parameter more intuitively and not relating to specific ILC algorithm.P-type current cycle ILC was utilized because the predominant performance such as more wide convergence interval and better robustness.The new algorithm combines current cycle ILC and reference trajectory regulating to absorb both of their advantages.The convergence and robustness of the algorithm were rigorously analyzed.Numerical simulations verified the new algorithms superiority over fixed reference trajectory and open-loop ILC.


The flow field about a backward facing step was investigated to determine the characteristics of particle sampling bias in the various flow phenomena. The investigation used the calculation of the velocity:data rate correlation coefficient as a measure of statistical dependence and thus the degree of velocity bias. While the investigation found negligible dependence within the free stream region, increased dependence was found within the boundary and shear layers. Full classic correction techniques over-compensated the data since the dependence was weak, even in the boundary layer and shear regions. The paper emphasizes the necessity to determine the degree of particle sampling bias for each measurement ensemble and not use generalized assumptions to correct the data. Further, it recommends the calculation of the velocity:data rate correlation coefficient become a standard statistical calculation in the analysis of all laser velocimeter data.


This entry combines the concepts of "career" and "global" into a definition of global careers. Expatriation and alternative forms of working internationally, such as international commuting, self-initiated moves, immigration, and global management, are presented as roles or positions that can be part of global careers.

Keywords:

globalization;
migration;
mobility


The BIST (Built-In-Self-Test) for software is a new concept in software testing and design for testability, which comes from the BIST for hardware. In the proposed approach, the authors insert "some of additional circuit", namely "checkpoint" into the software to be tested as have been done in the BIST for hardware so as to reduce the testing complexity of the software. Checkpoint setting is one of the kernel modules of BIST system for software. In this paper, the authors proposed the strategies for designing the checkpoints and the ideal numbers for setting such checkpoints. A concrete implementation is also given in the paper for reader's reference.


Of 18 operations 16 bone implantations were successful. The mean age of the patients was 13 years. Also the operational technique employed by the authors is described. For bone implantation autotransplantatum taken from the crista iliaca was employed.


By using electroosmotic dewatering technology as the pretreatment technology of sludge heat-drying,the effect of sludge moisture content and drying methods after electroosmotic dewatering on the sludge adhesion characteristics during heat-drying process was investigated. Some laws were found in the followings: the electroosmotic dewatering technology effectively reduces the sludge adhesion strength. When using indirect drying after electroosmotic dewatering,the sludge adhering strength of cathode and anode are reduced by 64. 5% and 92. 0%; while using direct drying,the sludge adhering strength of cathode and anode are reduced by 69. 2% and 92. 0%. The moisture content after electroosmotic dewatering is one of important factors influencing the sludge adhesion strength. The sludge adhesion in the cathode firstly increases gradually with the moisture content reducing and reaches the maximum when the moisture content is about 60%,but then begins to reduce; while the sludge adhesion strength in the anode is nearly close to 0. Compared to the indirect drying method,the direct drying method after electroosmotic dewatering reduces the sludge adhesion strength. In the cathode,the sludge adhesion strength by direct drying method is about 0. 87 times of the indirect drying; while the sludge adhesion strength in the anode is nearly close to 0.


. Green innovation has been valued as a mechanism to reduce environmental impacts, which can increase organizational commitment and engagement propensities for environmental sustainability. This paper aimed to understand: (1) how does green innovation recognition affect the organizational structure? and (2) how can organizational structure help most internal stakeholders commit and engage in the organization's environmental objective? The data from 250 Thai heavy industrial organizations were collected. The results showed that there were significant relationships among green innovation recognition, organizational structure, and organizations' environmental commitment and engagement. Besides, the intermediary role of differentiation and integration showed a significant influence on commitment and engagement. Our paper suggests that policymakers and entrepreneurs should introduce green innovation to their organizations to heighten the level of environmental sustainability in their strategy and policy.


Received: 13 April 2015 Abstract Accepted: 13 May 2015 Employee Suggestion Schemes have been used in organizations for a long time due to the fact that they enable fostering of creative ability of employees. However, they must be used effectively and in a sustainable manner to better the creativity and innovation capacity of organizations in order to improve competitive advantage. Therefore there is a need to understand the maturity of Employee Suggestion Schemes. This paper proposes a new, structured evaluation tool for assessing an organizational Employee Suggestion Scheme maturity. It suggests five building blocks: Leadership and Work Environment, System Capability, System Effectiveness, Organizational Encouragement and System Barriers, each of them characterized by several relevant indicators and an assessment/grading scale in order for an organization to be able to determine the maturity level of their Employee Suggestion Scheme as: Initial stage, Development stage or Advanced stage. Organizations should apply this tool to assess the maturity level of their Employee Suggestion Scheme and draw a roadmap for its improvements.


Relates to a manufacturing method of the present invention is a white light emitting diode using phosphor (LED), and more particularly, after the covered red ultraviolet LED chip using a package substrate, blue, three primary colors fluorescent material green are mixed, ultraviolet LED chip transmits light to phosphor surface of the three primary colors fluorescent substance by using a point of light was mixed violet light method for manufacturing a white light emitting diode using a phosphor to produce white light. In particular, the invention after being laminated green and red, or yellow and red phosphor to the blue LED chip and the white light is produced by the absorption of the transmitted and the phosphor of the light, white utilizing phosphor the method of manufacturing a light emitting diode. According to the manufacturing method according to the present invention, to provide a white light emitting diode and a manufacturing method thereof having a more excellent light emission efficiency using a single chip.


Biodegradation of persistent pesticides like atrazine often stalls at low concentrations in the environment. While mass transfer does not limit atrazine degradation by the Gram-positive Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 at high concentrations (>1 mg/L), evidence of bioavailability limitations is emerging at trace concentrations (<0.1 mg/L). To assess the bioavailability constraints on biodegradation, the roles of cell wall physiology and transporters remain imperfectly understood. Here, compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) demonstrates that cell wall physiology (i.e., the difference between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria) imposes mass transfer limitations in atrazine biodegradation even at high concentrations. Atrazine biodegradation by Gram-negative Polaromonas sp. Nea-C caused significantly less isotope fractionation (ε(C) = −3.5 ‰) than expected for hydrolysis by the enzyme TrzN (ε(C) = −5.0 ‰) and observed in Gram-positive Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 (ε(C) = −5.4 ‰). Isotope fractionation was recovered in cell-free extracts (ε(C) = −5.3 ‰) where no cell envelope restricted pollutant uptake. When active transport was inhibited with cyanide, atrazine degradation rates remained constant demonstrating that atrazine mass transfer across the cell envelope does not depend on active transport but is a consequence of passive cell wall permeation. Taken together, our results identify the cell envelope of the Gram-negative bacterium Polaromonas sp. Nea-C as a relevant barrier for atrazine biodegradation.


In order to improve the accuracy of wind power ramp forecasting and reduce the threat of ramps to the safe operation of power systems, a wind power ramp event forecast model based on feature extraction and deep learning is proposed in this work. Firstly, the Optimized Swinging Door Algorithm (OpSDA) is introduced to detect wind power ramp events, and the extraction results of ramp features, such as the ramp rate, are obtained. Then, a ramp forecast model based on a deep learning network is established. The historical wind power and its ramp features are used as the input of the forecast model, thereby strengthening the model's learning for ramp features and preventing ramp features from being submerged in the complex wind power signal. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is adopted to extract features from model inputs to obtain the coupling relationship between wind power and ramp features, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is utilized to learn the time-series relationship of the data. The forecast wind power is used as the output of the model, based on which the ramp forecast result is obtained after the ramp detection. Finally, the wind power data from the Elia website is used to verify the forecast performance of the proposed method for wind power ramp events.


One of the agricultural sub-sectors that has the potential to develop in Indonesia is fisheries. This is due to the fact that most of Indonesia's territory is water, which produces a variety of marine product commodities that have high economic value. Fishermen in Genuk District have the potential to get abundant marine products but are constrained by limited equipment to catch marine products that still use simple machines. This study aims to determine how much influence age, wealth, working hours, and catches have on the income of fishermen in Genuk District, Semarang City. Data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to respondents and processed using multiple linear regression analysis method. The results of the study are that capital has a significant negative effect on the income of fishermen in Genuk District, Semarang City and catch yields have a positive and significant effect on the income of fishermen in Genuk District, Semarang City, while age and working hours have no significant effect on the income of fishermen in Genuk District, Semarang City. Suggestions for the Semarang City Government should provide infrastructure and assistance in the form of grants for more modern fishing gear and better technical guidance so that the potential of natural resources can be utilized more optimally and the welfare of fishermen will improve.


Two novel Sn(iv) tetraisopropylphenylporphyrins have been synthesized to explore the effect of octabromination at the β-pyrrole positions on their photophysical properties and photodynamic activity. The lower energy Q band of an octabrominated complex lies at 675 nm well within the therapeutic window. The octabrominated dye has a relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.78 in DMF and exhibits favorable photodynamic activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 10.7 μM and a 5.74 log reduction value (5 μM) towards S. aureus under illumination at 660 nm for 60 min with a Thorlabs M660L3 LED (280 mW cm-2).


Abstract A theory is presented for interpretation of the autocovariances and cross-covariance derivable from coherent polarization diversity radars. At zero lag time these quantities yield the "main" received power, the depolarization ratio, the cross-correlation, and the cross-variance amplitude ratio, which have been used previously to deduce shape, orientation, and differential propagation effects. The significance of the covariances at nonzero lag times is developed here in terms of traditional models of the backscattering and propagation media. In particular, the autocovariance of the "depolarized" signal and the cross-covariance of the two received signals are shown to yield Doppler velocity means and variances which can be compared to the mean and variance derived from the "main" backscattered signal. If the velocity means and variances thus derived differ from one another, they can then be interpreted jointly to identify variations in the shapes and orientations of the scatterers across the Dopple...


The Z-number is a more adequate construct for describing real-life information. While considering the uncertainty of the information, it also models the partial reliability of the information. It is a combination of probabilistric restriction and possibilistric restriction. In this paper, we modified the uncertainty measurement of the discrete Z-number and proposed the uncertainty measurement of the continuous Z-number. Some numerical examples are used to illustrate the calculation processes and advantages of the proposed method. An application of journey vehicle selection shows the effectiveness of the proposed uncertainty measurement in determining the weights of criteria.


In the present study, we calculate eight low-lying (1.3-1.7 eV energy region) electronic excited states in well accordance with the absorption and CD spectroscopic properties of PSRC from Rb. shpaeroides by using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Our present calculations demonstrate that, only when the interactions among the prosthetic groups have been taken into account, a set of satisfactory assignments for both absorption and CD spectra of PSRC from Rb. sphaeroides can be achieved simultaneously.


Abstract In a first year psychology tutorial, students were administered the ACER AL (language) and AQ (quantitative) tests. Afterwards a student was heard to comment, "I'm not very good at Maths, but English is my foray". Day (1991) recently voiced some pertinent concerns about the teaching of psychology in Australia. Whilst it is clearly desirable to emphasise "observation, data collection and data analysis" (p 108), the communication of findings is a skill which appears to be lacking in many undergraduates. The following selection of classic gems from the pens of would-be psychologists is not only designed to be amusing, it also highlights the need to encourage effective written communication in the teaching of psychology.


1. Purpose of report This short report has been prepared to update the board on the outcome of the stakeholder engagement which took place as a consequence of the proposals to move the Assessment & Treatment unit from the previously preferred site at Strathclyde hospital to the existing site at Kirklands Hospital. 2. Background Following the presentation of information to the Board in January 2007 which highlighted potential for the Assessment and Treatment Centre to be developed on the existing site at Kirklands and not on the Strathclyde site as was presented as the preferred option following the previous stakeholder engagement the Learning Disability Team has re-engaged with the service users, advocates, relatives and staff who had actively participated in the original option appraisal process. The outcome of this is that whilst some concerns were raised about the movement away from the original decision there is agreement that we should proceed to develop the Full Business Case based on Kirklands as the preferred site. 3. Development of the Revised Full Business Case The revised Full Business Case will be presented to Board members in August 2007, at the pre-tender stage and it is recognised the FBC will require to identify the inflationary uplift of the actual construction start date and will include optimism bias. The Project Implementation Group will monitor progress through the Project Programme and will ensure stakeholder groups including clinical staff are engaged with at critical stages of the process. 5. Conclusion Given the above the Board is asked to invite the Project Implementation Group to develop the revised Full Business Case, which will include Kirklands Hospital site as part of the option appraisal process, to identify the site which will most effectively provide the service and to ensure the best value for money, with the opportunity to fully deliver the clinical benefits within a Community Learning Disability Service model. The board is invited to receive the revised Full Business Case in August 2007.


This paper considers only those situations where a ship maneuvers within a restricted waterway, as for example, at the entranceway to a harbor or when transiting a congested channel. In these situations the physiological aspects of men play an important role. Furthermore, their psychological characteristics such as responsibility, mental stress and instinct, combined with their ability to react under such circumstances, play an equally important role.


As a part of a larger study of correctional institutions for juvenile delinquents, an attempt was made to account for the level and patterns of staff conflict in five institutions. Analysis reveals that the level of conflict is lowest in the most custodial institutions, and is higher in institutions with mixed goals or predominantly treatment goals. The pattern of staff conflict is found to be linked to the power balance in the institution, the degree of divergent perspectives among groups, and the amount of interdependence and intercommunication among groups. Since custodial and treatment institutions allocate power among cottage parents and social service workers differently, the patterns of conflict are also linked to institutional goals. Some implications of continuous problem solving and high conflict for organizational operation are discussed. Mayer N. Zald is assistant professor of sociology, University of Chicago.


In Ubiquitous Healthcare System (U-Healthcare), authentication is an essential task for secure medical information transmissions. In a recent paper, Kim proposed a smartcardbased authentication scheme for privacy preservation in UHealthcare. This scheme can protect user context privacy and is believed to have many abilities to resist a range of attacks, even though the secret data stored on the smartcard are compromised. In this paper, we evaluate the security of Kim's proposal and illustrate that the scheme is, in fact, insecure against the stolensmartcard attack. Moreover, some steps of the scheme are unattainable, and security assumption is too strict. Then, we also investigate a novel scheme based on Kim's scheme and the quadratic residue assumption. Compared with the existing schemes, the new proposal does not require the Electric Health Record database (EHR) to share a various secure value with patients and physicians, individually. Thus, it is more practical and realistic. We show that our proposed scheme can provide stronger security than Kim's previous scheme.


– Lactic acid is used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and polymer industries. Lactic acid can be synthesized by fermenting glucose obtained from the hydrolysis of starch. In the present study, powdered corn kernels were hydrolyzed by α-amylase under optimized stirring time (1.5 hrs.), temperature (47 ℃) and corn starch concentration (0.75% w/v) to obtain the glucose. The glucose concentration was measured by 3, 5-Dinitrosalicylic acid method. Resulted glucose was fermented (37 ℃) using Streptococcus thermophilus and the highest concentration of lactic acid was obtained after four days. The lactic acid yield was determined using UV visible spectrophotometer and calculated as 128.4 g/L. Lactic acid was purified by centrifugation followed by fractional distillation and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Therefore, lactic acid could be successfully extracted from Sri Lankan corn starch using Streptococcus thermophilus.


ObjectiveTo investigate the long-term therapeutic effect of aspirin tablets combined with clopidogrel tablets on transient ischemic attack (TIA). MethodsSeventy-four TIA patients were randomly divided into treatment group (n = 39) and control group (n = 36). The treatment group received therapy with aspirin plus clopidogrel tablets on the basis routine treatment. The control group received therapy with aspirin tablets alone on the basis of routine treatment. The frequency and duration of TIA were observed within one year after treatment. Results After treatment, there were significant differences in frequency and duration of TIA between the two groups (P 0.05). ConclusionAspirin plus clopidogrel tablets have better therapeutic effect than aspirin enteric-coated tablets alone in the treatment of TIA, and may slow the progression of the disease.


Market mechanism and property relations are parallel subsidiary systems in economic institution.Their cooperation and concordant propulsion are keys to economic growth.The focus of economic institution allocation is to make property relations and market mechanism to match with each other and push forward concordantly in the sense of structure and function.


The author successfully uses the following method of alveolar pyorrhea treatment: first, in 2 - 3 sessions, careful removal of tartar is made; then the gum pockets are cauterized with 50% lactic acid solution (with subsequent neutralization with bicarbonate of soda), and 25% chromic acid solution; after that the pockets are washed with 12:100 Ipekakuan infusion; finally, pure culture of bacillus in milk is introduced.


This article analyzes the controversies in definition of the concepts "right of access", "access to justice", "court accessibility", "access to justice", as well as the problem of restriction of access to justice in criminal procedure. Detailed analysis is conducted on the existing approaches towards definition of the aforementioned concepts. The subject of this research is the norms of Russian and foreign legislation that regulate the right to access to justice in criminal procedure. It is demonstrated that the concept of "accessibility of justice" reflects an exogenous objective factor unrelated to the system of criminal justice, while "access to justice" in criminal procedure should be considered an indigenous objective factor, associated with the structure of criminal procedure, substantiated by its public-legal nature. The authors conduct the analysis of complaints regarding the restriction of right to access justice, which were received by the Ombudsman for Human Rights in the Russian Federation. The conclusion is formulated on the need for creating a novel algorithm (legislative model) of the initial stage of criminal procedure that ensures access to justice without dismantling the very foundation of criminal procedure, while maintaining an optimal ratio between public and dispositive beginnings of criminal procedure.


Whether due to amalgamation or export education strategies, many universities now face a problem of delivering subjects, programs and courses across more than one campus. There are significant costs to students, staff and faculty of this teaching and administrative duplication. Information and communication technologies offer potential to achieve economies of scale but the effects on other things like student learning are not so clear. The objective of this paper is to report the outcomes of a video conferencing trial in an undergraduate mass lecture context. The effects on students and staff, and support issues are highlighted through a formative and summative evaluation. Surveys, focus groups, interviews, video recordings, exam results and reflective diaries provided data for the evaluations. The results will be useful both for decision-makers considering a video conferencing solution to duplication, as well as for staff potentially involved in using the video conferencing in a mass lecture context.


The application of Nano-biotechnology for the development of fertilizer to enhance the nutritional kinetics of the plant-soil system for sustainable agricultural systems is being reviewed. Excessive use of synthetic fertilizers has caused deleterious effects on the soil microflora, it not only reduces its fertility but also causes lessened remuneration causing financial losses as well as side effects on the environment further causing degradation of biodiversity. Nanotechnology has become a promising area to deal with the above problems, especially in agriculture. With the help of Nano-biotechnology, a conjugated strategy comprising nanomaterials and bio-fertilizers can be achieved which will prove to be a unique, environmentally safe Nano-biofertilizer also having economic value. According to the existing literature, Nano-biofertilizer plays a significant role to modify plant and soil systems for the amelioration of agricultural productivity. Both Nanotechnology and bio-fertilizers work harmoniously due to microbial resurrection as well as nanomaterial coatings delivering higher captivity of soil moisture and vital nutrients of plant and it is because plant growth promoters inside the bioorganic components are generally present and it is either due to direct or indirect relation which can be easily related to various aspects like disease resistance, rhizoremediation and so on. Efforts are being made to review the bio-fertilizer formulations, which are based on nanotechnology with the motive to attain enhanced and sustainable crop production.


Utilization of microgrids is an integral part of the efforts for increased resiliency and deep integration of renewable energy sources in the power systems, as they allow maximization of the use of locally available resources and operational harmonization of internally interconnected parts of the power systems - either in grid-connected or island mode. Development of laboratory setups for studying different aspects of microgrids has been recognized as a valuable tool for preparation of the real-life implementation. In this paper we present a developed AC/DC laboratory setup that incorporates solar photovoltaic systems, battery energy storage, an electric vehicle charger, a small hydro power plant, electronically controllable loads, as well as resistors and inductors that replicate the topology of the CIGRE low-voltage distribution network. Harmonized operation of the elements of the microgrid is ensured by the implemented supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. To demonstrate wide potential of the developed setup, we present the results of several experiments in this paper.


This research paper outlines the main objective; to identify the effect of multimedia hypertext and interactive text on student's achievement in comprehension. A group of form four students from one of the secondary school in Perak, Malaysia was selected as sample. The researcher conducted an experimental study; one group pre-test and post-test. The first objective of this study is to examine the pre-test and post-test student's achievement. The second objective is to determine if there is any significant difference on student's achievement in comprehension. From the basic criteria of grade that was given by the Malaysian Examination Board, the student's achievement was graded as excellent, credit, good, average and minimum in ideas and elaboration. After implementing multimedia hypertext and interactive text, there was a significance difference on student's achievement in comprehension.


Changes in the lubricating oils viscosities directl y affect the ability of lubrication and protection for the moving parts of an internal combustion engine. The activat ion energy of flow indicates the sensitivity of the viscosity to changes in the temperature, so that the greater the activation energy of flow, the greater the influen ce of temperature. The objective of this study was to est imate the activation energy of flow of lubricating oils SAE 20W30, SAE 20W40 and SAE 20W50 between 10 and 150°C. For that, the Arrhenius and Vogel equations were employed. The values for the activation energy of flow were determined from applying linear regre ssion analysis to the viscosity data as a function of tem perature. The found values for the activation energ y of flow of lubricating oils are between 31.1385 kJ.mol-1 (SAE 20W30) and 35.8579 kJ.mol-1 (SAE 20W50). In all cases studied, the correlation coefficients were close to unity, indicating a very strong linear correlation . Key-words : Viscosity; Lubricants; Activation energy of flow; Linear Regression.


Since the "05 Scheme"of ideological and political theory courses in higher colleges has been implementing,there has been an obvious improvement for its faculty construction in higher vocational colleges.However,in face of the new and changing situation,problems like teacher shortage,low level of scientific research,teaching skills and performances being further enhanced,and lack of young teaching backbones still exist.In order to solve the above issues,it is necessary to strengthen the construction of teaching staff and the leadership further,meanwhile to strengthen discipline construction and teachers' training through optimizing the structure of teacher team of ideological and political theory and raising the level of teaching and the scientific research in higher vocational colleges.


Pressure ulcers cost billions of dollars annually. Complications often arise leading to infection, amputation, and even death. Pressure ulcers occur when the tissue has capillary occlusion leading to necrosis and ultimately an ulcer. To minimize the risk of ulceration a wired detection system was created. This was done with the use of pressure and relative humidity sensors placed underneath the patients' body at the sites of high ulceration risk. An incorporated computer program which reads data in real-time alerts the caregiver when and what part of the body to move. Experiments tested the threshold of ischemia in the tissue through the indication of pain. These tests resulted in the development of an algorithm that is similar to the golden standard of repositioning a patient every two hours. In conclusion, it is recommended that testing be conducted on a wider demographic and that the patch be made wireless. In respects to the marketability of the device, there needs to be research on obtaining FDA approval.


The utility model discloses a device of a gear reduction mechanism drive double-crank mechanism of a press machine. A main motor is mounted on a gear case; a small pulley is mounted on a main motor shaft and is connected with a flywheel through a belt; the flywheel is connected with the left end of a flywheel shaft through a clutch; a pinion is mounted at the right end of the flywheel shaft; the flywheel shaft is firmly connected with the gear case; the pinion is connected with a rack wheel in gear engaging mode; the rack wheel is connected with a right crankshaft; the right crankshaft is mounted on a machine body and is provided with a right connecting bar; a right coupling is connected with the left end of the right crankshaft through a flat key II; the axial line of a left crankshaft and the axial line of the right crankshaft are collinear; the left crankshaft is mounted on the machine body and is provided with a left connecting bar; a left coupling is connected with the right end of the left crankshaft through a flat key I; the left coupling is connected with the right coupling through pins. The device of the gear reduction mechanism drive double-crank mechanism of the press machine avoids the gear transmission clearance, and according the precision is improved, the overproof noise of the press machine is avoided, the production cost is lowered, and the machine tool weight is lightened.


Cytotoxic activity of various extracts of Crinum asiaticum Linn were studied by means of brine shrimp lethality test. Its methanol extract showed the strongest toxic effect on the brine shrimp ( LC50value = 257.1 ug/mL respectively. Thus the cytotoxic activity of the methanol extract was (P388 D1). This resulted in the inhibition of potato disc tumor formation with the percentage inhibition of 71.9. In addition a significantly potent cytotoxic effect on the P388 D1 cells (IC50 approx 12.5ug/mL)was observed. ( author abstract)


Sumatra Island has many hot springs related with volcanoes belonged to the Ring of fire. Geothermal studies for these hot springs have been performed actively, but hot spring sediments including travertines have rarely been reported. Travertine is a useful modern analog for the Precambrian stromatolites (Takashima and Kano, 2008; Okumura et al., 2013). We studied travertines at Sipoholon hot spring located about 30 km south from the Lake Toba which is the largest caldera lake in the world. The travertines spread in total area of 50,000 km , in which active deposition occurs mainly in three separated sites; Area A, B and C from north to south, respectively. This study focused on Area A that lacks artificial effect. In this study, we measured chemical components and stable isotopes of water and observed textures and bacteria of the travertine. Based on these results, we cleared that relationship between water properties, travertine textures and distribution of bacteria. The travertine deposit occurs along ̃35-m-long flow path. The water from the vent first flows 15 m on a narrow (50 cm) and gentle passage and then widely on a steep slope on the travertine dome. Below the dome, the water passes on terrace-like rim pools and finally flows into a pool about 5 m in diameter. The water with sulfurous smell emits from a vent at a rate of 286 L/min. This water is high temperature (61.4 degree Celsius), neutral pH (6.48) and microaerobic (DO of 0.6 mg/L). The water is rich in Ca 2+ and SO4, and poor in Mg and Cl −. To the downstream, the water temperature decreases, pH increase, and conversely alkalinity and Ca 2+ concentration decrease. These and increased carbon isotope of dissolved inorganic carbon indicate that CO 2 degassing increased supersaturation and induced deposition of calcium. The travertine in Sipoholon hot spring is mainly composed of aragonite, but in one place, calcite coexists. It tends to become softer from the upstream to the downstream. This may reflect difference in crystal shape and texture. The harder travertines consist of tightly packed spherical aggregates of aragonite needles, while softer travertines have loose textures containing dumbbellshape crystals. Microbial facies on the travertine surface changes obviously from the upstream to the downstream. A white sulfur-turf in upper stream is composed of sulfur oxidizing bacteria with sulfur particles (Maki et al., 2004). It is known that the sulfur-turf prefers in high temperature, neutral pH and rich in hydrogen sulfide, which corresponds the conditions of the upstream. On high flow parts of the travertine dome, the travertine colored in pale pink likely due to the occurrence of purple sulfur bacteria. Green microbial mat covers the travertine deposited in in lower part with low flow rate. The mat is composed of filamentous bacteria with photosynthesis pigment identified in fluorescence observation. These are cyanobacteria. Water temperatures on the mat are all below 45 degree Celsisu. Thus, color change of travertine surface reflect that of microbial composition responded to water properties, such as water temperature, flow rate, flow volume, nutrient.


Mobile nodes of the future will be equiped with multiple network interfaces to take advantage of overlay networks, yet no current mobility systems provide full support for the simultaneous use of multiple interfaces. The need for such support arises when multiple connectivity options are available with different cost, coverage, latency and bandwidth characteristics, and applications want their data to flow over the interface that best matches the characteristics of the data. We present an architecture called transport layer mobility that allows mobile nodes to not only change their point of attachment to the Internet, but also to control which network interfaces are used for the different kinds of data leaving from and arriving at the mobile node. We implement our transport layer mobility scheme using a split connection proxy architecture and a new technique called TCP splice that gives split connection proxy systems the same end to-end semantics as normal TCP connections.


Superconducting Super Collider dipole magnets require an integrated suspension system to meet the structural and thermal requirements outlined in the design criteria. Sliding suspension connections which retain the cold mass assembly during static and dynamic loading, while allowing axial motion during thermal contraction are an integral part of this magnet suspension system. Variations from the original prototype design have been tested and their performance compared. The results of these evaluations, and areas of future investigation are described. 7 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.


The journey to reach international method standardization is often long and difficult, especially for proteins and polypeptides that usually are quantified using immunological methods.


This paper raises an important question about the linkages between growth, income distribution and poverty alleviation. It argues that "high economic growth is no guarantee of lower levels of poverty." It further advocates that "one must understand the economic characteristics of poor groups" and also "examine how economic growth is achieved, how it is shared by different groups and what policies are adopted to alleviate poverty." On the basis of the analysis of the recent experiences of high growth performance of the Hawaiian economy and the persistent poverty conditions of the 'natives hawaiians', the paper has attempted to bring out a number of analytical issues of wider relevance.


OBJECTIVE:To study the diagnostic values of co-detections of traditional serum tumor marker,carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) and serum proteomic patterns by surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) technology in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.METHODS:The serum samples of 69 lung adenocarcinoma patients and 71 healthy controls were detected by immunoluminesceme to analyze the levels of CEA,while SELDI-TOF-MS and CM10-chips were employed to detect the differential expressions of proteomes in serum,followed by Biomarker Wizard software analysis.Combined with clinical pathological materials,the joint diagnostic values of the two methods were evaluated.RESULTS:The sensitivity and specificity of CEA detection were 62.319%(43/69) and 92.958%(66/71),while SELDI-TOF-MS technology were 88.406%(61/69) and 68.182%(15/22).Meanwhile,combined detections of the two methods were 82.609%(57/69) and 92.958%(66/71),respectively.CONCLUSION:The sensitivity of immunoluminescence for CEA detection together with the SELDI-TOF-MS technology is higher than that of immunoluminescence for CEA detection alone in the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma,but it is not up-regulated obviously compared with SELDI-TOF-MS technology.


Introduction: The influence of subject-based and environmental factors on the balance between the subgingival microbial challenge and the host response in periodontal diseases illustrates the intimate link between oral and systemic health. From this stems the hypothesis that the persistent gram-negative challenge and associated inflammatory sequelae in periodontal disease may have consequences extending beyond the periodontal tissues themselves. This article addresses the design of a case-control study to examine the relationship between preterm low birth weight and maternal periodontal disease. Materials and Method: A case control study design was chosen including postpartum women between the age group of 1835 years of age. Cases were mothers delivering an infant weighing < 2,500g before 37 weeks' gestation and controls as mothers delivering an infant > 2,500g after 37 weeks. A full mouth periodontal examination was performed and corroborated by one examiner. The clinical parameters measured included plaque index, gingival index, pocket probing depth and clinical attachment level. Data was analyzed with Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Student t-test and Mann Whitney U test. Results: There was statistically no significant difference in the mean age between the case group and the control group. There was a strong association between the socioeconomic status, gingival status, plaque levels, pocket probing depth, clinical attachment level and the incidence of preterm low birth weight. Conclusion: The data from the present study, thus, shows an association between maternal periodontal disease and the risk of preterm low birth weight infant.


We present the first maps of the apparent thermal inertia and albedo of the south polar region of Mars. The observations used to create these maps were acquired by the infrared thermal mapper (IRTM) instruments on the two Viking Orbiters over a 30-day period in 1977 during the Martian late southern summer season. The maps cover the region from 60°S to the south pole at a spatial resolution of 1° of latitude, thus completing the initial thermal mapping of the entire planet. The analysis and interpretation of these maps is aided by the results of a one-dimensional radiative convective model, which is used to calculate diurnal variations in surface and atmospheric temperatures, and brightness temperatures at the top of the atmosphere for a range of assumptions concerning dust optical properties and dust optical depths. The maps show that apparent thermal inertias of bare ground regions decrease systematically from 60°S to the south pole. In unfrosted regions close to the south pole, apparent thermal inertias are among the lowest observed anywhere on the planet. On the south residual cap, apparent thermal inertias are very high due to the presence of CO2 frost. In most other regions of Mars, best fit apparent albedos based on thermal emission measurements are generally in good agreement with actual surface albedos based on broadband solar reflectance measurements. However, in the frost-free region poleward of 75°S, best fit apparent albedos are significantly higher than measured Lambert albedos, implying that measured brightness temperatures in this area are up to 15 K colder than would be expected for surfaces with the same measured albedos during this season. The one-dimensional atmospheric model calculations also predict anomalously cold brightness temperatures close to the pole during late summer, and after considering a number of alternatives, it is concluded that the net surface cooling due to atmospheric dust is the best explanation for this phenomenon. The observed systematic decrease in apparent thermal inertia from 60°S to the south pole during this season is also consistent with the predictions of atmospheric model calculations. The region of lowest apparent thermal inertia close to the pole, which includes the south polar layered deposits, is interpreted to be mantled by a continuous layer of aeolian material that must be at least a few millimeters thick. The low thermal inertias mapped in the south polar region imply an absence of surface water ice deposits, which is consistent with Viking Mars atmospheric water detector (MAWD) measurements which show low atmospheric water vapor abundances throughout the summer season. However, these observations do not necessarily imply a complete absence of water. Thermal model calculations that can reproduce observed diurnal temperature variations in the south polar region show that annual maximum subsurface temperatures at depths ranging from 4 to 20 cm are cold enough to permit the stability of ground ice deposits, even if they are in excellent diffusive contact with the atmosphere. Therefore, the presence of near-surface ground ice in the south polar region is not inconsistent with the Viking IRTM and MAWD observations.


Biopurification of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)has advantages of mild reaction conditions and low operating costs,as well as few undesirable byproducts.Several bioreactors including biofilters,biotrickling filters,bioscrubber and membrane bioreactor were reviewed.Effects of VOCs characteristics,bacteria,structure and characteristics of packing materials,pH and temperature on bioreactor performance were reviewed.Many numerical models developed to predict biodegradation process and bioreactor performance were also reviewed and discussed.Current problems and trends of biopurification were predicted and discussed as well.


We introduce a new class of rate one-half binary codes: complementary information set codes. A binary linear code of length <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$2n$</tex> </formula> and dimension <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$n$</tex></formula> is called a complementary information set code (CIS code for short) if it has two disjoint information sets. This class of codes contains self-dual codes as a subclass. It is connected to graph correlation immune vectorial Boolean functions of use in the security of hardware implementations of cryptographic primitives. Such codes permit to improve the cost of masking cryptographic algorithms against side channel attacks. In this paper, we investigate this new class of codes: we give optimal or best known CIS codes of length <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$ < 132$</tex></formula>. We derive general constructions based on cyclic codes and on double circulant codes. We derive a Varshamov–Gilbert bound for long CIS codes, and show that they can all be classified in small lengths <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\leq 12$</tex></formula> by the building up construction. Some nonlinear permutations are constructed by using <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\BBZ}_{4}$</tex></formula>-codes, based on the notion of dual distance of a possibly nonlinear code.


The primary purpose of this study is to increase legal awareness of national defense efforts through socializing activities on social network media in Indonesia. Our data is obtained from various publication sources in books, magazines, articles, and other websites. Furthermore, we analyzed the data using a phenomenological approach to get many conclusions to get valid findings to answer the problem. Based on the analysis and discussion of the data, we can report that efforts to increase legal awareness for the Indonesian generation to increase national resilience through activities on social media are by providing awareness, understanding, and transparent legal sanctions on how activity on social media is not against the law either individuals or groups and any parties so that later it reflects a community of young Indonesians who are aware of the law and eventually become a national power. We hope that these findings will serve as a reference for future studies.


Stimulation body through physical activity, whether through play and / or games, is vital to the overall development of the child, influencing many aspects, such as psychomotor skills, coordination, spatial relation temporal peripheral vision and physical balance. During play or play, stimulate imagination, creativity, emotions and feelings, and body self-concept, enabling a new stance on understanding the body and the environment. To portray such statements, we use two subchapters, namely: the games and psychomotor development of children and play, play and social emotional development. Finally, we conclude that the games and activities, when well designed, can stimulate the integration of social, affective and motor of children, through affection, imagination and symbolization of play and play and life in society, enabling them so, their overall development.


The coexistence of xanthomata with lipoid nephrosis is rare in the literature. This combination, with the xanthomata located within a telangiectatic vascular naevus unius lateris, has never been previously reported. Although numerous cases of secondary eruptive xanthomata associated with hyperlipemia, of specific or idiopathic origin, have been described, 1 careful search discloses but three references to such an eruption associated with lipoid nephrosis. * Unilateral nevi have been reported as lichenoid, 5 comedonicus,† tardus, 9 verrucous, 10 and eczematous 11 varieties. A case of telangiectatic vascular naevus unius lateris, however, has not been reported. Since the occurrence of eruptive xanthoma is a manifestation of underlying hyperlipemia, 1 which is constant in lipoid nephrosis, the paucity of reports of associated xanthomata is interesting. The occurrence of such xanthomatous lesions, almost entirely within the area of great vascularity of the nevus, adds to the importance of the


With the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider the high energy physics community's attention has now turned to understanding the properties of the Higgs boson, together with the hope of finding more scalars during run 2. In this work we discuss scenarios where using a combination of three decays, involving the 125 GeV Higgs boson, the Z boson and at least one more scalar, an indisputable signal of CP-violation arises. We use a complex two-Higgs doublet model as a reference model and present some benchmark points that have passed all current experimental and theoretical constraints, and that have cross sections large enough to be probed during run 2.


The solution of the time‐dependent Schrodinger equation of the molecule+radiation field system is analyzed. A quantized radiation field is used. The relationship between the oscillatory wave function and the dressed state wave function is established. The oscillatory wave function being the solution if the radiation field is turned on at t=0 and the dressed state being the stationary solution satisfying the boundary condition only if the field is present at t=−∞. In general, the oscillatory wave function can be expressed using a complete set of dressed states. However, in the presence of a nonresonant radiation field, the system is well represented by a single dressed state. Molecular properties such as dynamic polarizabilities and two‐photon transition moments can be deduced from the dressed state wave function instead of the oscillatory wave function as in previous methods. Because of its stationary character, the dressed state is more amenable to approximate calculations. A CI method is developed for t...


Abstract Many animal and environmental activists think of international trade law as a block to the achievement of their goals and perceive the World Trade Organization (WTO) as a threat to animals. Yet, the first legal decision of an international tribunal to devote careful, sustained attention to animal welfare issues comes from the WTO, in the EC – Seal Products decision. This article argues that international trade law is currently an important, although under-acknowledged, locus for the development of global norms concerning the protection of animals, and that animal conservation and animal welfare can be seen as aspects of a single overarching principle of animal protection. International trade law contributes to animal protection in two ways. Firstly, WTO jurisprudence has recognized animal protection as a legitimate basis for invoking exceptions to trade rules (as in EC – Seal Products). Secondly, international trade negotiations enhance cooperation on the implementation and enforcement of existing conservation obligations (as in the new Trans-Pacific Partnership's Environment Chapter).


The impact parameter is one of the crucial physical quantities of heavy-ion collisions (HICs), and can affect obviously many observables at the final state, such as the multifragmentation and the collective flow. Usually, it cannot be measured directly in experiments but might be inferred from observables at the final state. Artificial intelligence has had great success in learning complex representations of data, which enables novel modeling and data processing approaches in physical sciences. In this article, we employ two of commonly used algorithms in the field of artificial intelligence, the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), to improve the accuracy of determining impact parameter by analyzing the proton spectra in transverse momentum and rapidity on the event-by-event basis. Au+Au collisions with the impact parameter of 0$\leq$$b$$\leq$10 fm at intermediate energies ($E_{\rm lab}$=$0.2$-$1.0$ GeV$/$nucleon) are simulated with the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model to generate the proton spectra data. It is found that the average difference between the true impact parameter and the estimated one can be smaller than 0.1 fm. The LightGBM algorithm shows an improved performance with respect to the CNN on the task in this work. By using the LightGBM's visualization algorithm, one can obtain the important feature map of the distribution of transverse momentum and rapidity, which may be helpful in inferring the impact parameter or centrality in heavy-ion experiments.


This study's purpose was to examine the use of auxiliary BE forms in African American English (AAE)-speaking children with and without language impairment. The impetus for this work was a lack of information in the literature about BE use in AAE as a function of form, language status, and tasks, and the relevance of this type of data for testing one theoretical model of childhood language impairment, the Extended Optional Infinitive account (EOI; Rice, Wexler, & Cleave, 1995). Thirty African Americans participated: 10 six-year-olds with specific language impairment (SLI); 10 age controls (AM); and, 10 language controls (LM). All of the participants were classified as speakers of AAE through listener judgments. Production of the auxiliary BE forms was examined through language samples and an elicited probe. A grammaticality judgment task, which measured the participants' marking preference and reaction time of three BE forms, was also administered. Analyses were hindered by limited tokens in the language samples, high variability, and a bimodal distribution for the AM group in the elicitation probe. When steps were taken to address these issues, the following results were found. A significant group difference was revealed between the SLI and AM groups in the language samples for are, with a marginally significant difference for is. For the elicitation probe, a group difference was found between the SLI and LM groups across all three BE forms. The results of the grammaticality judgment task were inconsistent with those for production. For this task, SLI and LM groups accepted standard-marked am at higher rates than the AM group. No group differences were revealed for the reaction times in this task. However, the participants accepted items containing are more quickly than those containing is and am.


Fast and slow electron current signals in N/sub 2//Ar liquid mixtures have been observed. From the fast signal, the drift velocity and life time of delocalized electrons in the liquid with N/sub 2/ molar fractions X=N/sub 2//(N/sub 2/+Ar) below 20 mol% were obtained for field strengths E between 5 and 45 kV/cm. The mobility for delocalized electrons in the liquids was shown to decrease exponentially with X as indicated in a previous paper. However, the mobility for localized electrons was shown to increase with increasing X, but only slightly around the N/sub 2/ liquid value. >


The unbound stone aggregates have a nonlinear stress-strain behavior,the resilient modulus can describe this character effectively,the resilient modulus model can be attained through dynamic load triaxial test.The affecting factors of the resilient deformation behavior of unbound stone aggregates are analyzed with dynamic load triaxial test.The result shows that the Uzan model can display nonlinear resilient deformation behavior of unbound stone aggregates accurately,and the regression coefficient has relationship with 0.075 mm passing percent.The suggested scope of two important design parameters,0.075 mm passing percent and water content,is given.5 tabs,7 figs,9 refs.


Cloud computing has transformed the modern business landscape by providing scalable, flexible, and cost-effective solutions for data storage and processing. However, relying on external cloud providers to manage and protect sensitive data has raised significant security concerns, namely the risk of data breaches. To address these issues and optimize system performance concurrently, this research project introduces a novel approach that combines data fragmentation and replication in the cloud environment.
Data fragmentation involves breaking down large files into smaller fragments or pieces, each of which contains only a portion of the original data. The fragments are then dispersed across multiple cloud nodes to ensure that no single node stores an entire file. This fragmentation and replication strategy reduces the potential risk of data exposure during a security breach.
Data replication across multiple nodes improves system performance in addition to providing security benefits. Replicating data fragments facilitates more efficient data distribution and retrieval, thereby reducing response times and enhancing overall system performance.
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the methodology employed in this approach, highlighting its fundamental concepts, potential benefits, and key security considerations, such as the importance of data isolation and encryption. By combining data fragmentation and replication, organizations can strengthen their cloud data security while improving system performance, providing a comprehensive answer to the challenges posed by cloud computing.


According to surveys, around a quarter of Americans expect the world to end as prophesied by the Bible during their own lifetime. This pa- per undertakes the …rst test of whether these 'end times' beliefs aect economic behavior, using a 10-year panel of house price data across 363 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). It identi…es a causal eect by interacting a time-varying proxy for the perceived probability of the 'end times'occurring soon with a geographically-varying proxy for the propor- tion of believers in Biblical prophecy, both of which are exogenous with respect to changes in house prices, controlling for time and area …xed ef- fects. The paper uncovers a signi…cant positive eect that is robust across samples, speci…cations, and alternative data sources. One explanation for this positive eect is that believers in Biblical prophecy face a tension - between their belief that the end of the world is imminent and Biblical injunctions to behave responsibly in the meantime - that could be re- duced by holding illiquid or 'commitment'assets to lock in responsible behavior, generating a premium on such assets. Data on mortgage appli- cations support this interpretation. The paper therefore supports models -such as Laibson's (1997) 'golden eggs'model of hyperbolic discounting - that incorporate time inconsistent preferences and predict a commitment premium.


Renewable energy is one of the most important topics for all engineers. The production of CO2 is a very finical problem for the climate of our earth. Everybody is committed to improve all opportunities to avoid the burning of exhausted raw materials. Beneath the using of renewable primacy products the consumption of alternating energy is a way to solve a little part of this problem


fields, which are needed for checking firewall policy violations, from the pattern expression of a flow rule to represent the space of corresponding flow path. In addition, we reorganize these fields with a (source address, destination address) pair to specify a flow path space. Then, we define three kinds of spaces for representing a flow path space: (1) Incoming Space represents original header spaces of packets that can pass through the flow path; (2) Outgoing Space represents final header spaces of packets after the packets pass through the flow path; and (3) Tracked Space represents original source address and final destination address of header spaces of packets that can pass through the flow path. For accurately detecting firewall policy violations, the dependency relations between "allow" rules and "deny" rules in the firewall policy should be decoupled. We propose a concept of firewall authorization space, which represents a collection of all packets either allowed or denied by the firewall rules. We then introduce a space partition approach, which represents rules with header space and performs various set operations on rules, to convert a list of firewall rules into two disjoint authorization sub-spaces, denied authorization space and allowed authorization space. Once the space of a flow path and the firewall authorization space of the firewall policy are calculated, we identify violations through checking the tracked space of the flow path against the denied authorization space of the firewall policy. If these two spaces overlap each other, we call the overlapping space as the violated space, which indicates a firewall policy violation. There are two kinds of violations: (1) Entire Violation (the denied authorization space includes the whole tracked space); and (2) Partial Violation (the denied authorization space partially includes the tracked space).


With the continuous innovation and research and development of various emerging technologies in social development, non-metallic materials have gradually replaced steel materials and are widely used in social production and life. They have high strength, strong toughness and easy processing and applicability. . This article will start to analyze the polymer materials, mainly using polyurethane elastomer, nylon, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyoxymethylene materials in mechanical equipment to explore, and combined with the application to confirm that polymer materials are not only environmentally friendly and reduce cost guarantee product quality.


After fertilization, cell division is required for development during the transition from a zygote to an embryo. Degradation of oocyte transcripts, transcriptional activation of the nucleus, and chromatin remodeling occur during early cleavage divisions. Defects in cell cycle regulation decrease the ability of embryo to grow and can be detrimental. In the rhesus monkey, embryos derived by fertilization of oocytes from prepubertal females or oocytes collected during the non-breeding season undergo cleavage arrest (Schramm and Bavister 1994; Zheng et al. 2001). We employed the Primate Embryo Gene Expression Resource (PREGER; www.Preger.org) to examine the expression pattern of 70 mRNAs involved in cell cycle regulation in rhesus monkey oocytes and embryos derived from different stimulation protocols (non-stimulated, FSH stimulated-in vitro matured, and FSH and hCG stimulated-in vivo matured; Mtango and Latham 2007, 2008; Zheng et al. 2005). The resource encompasses a large, biologically rich set of more than 170 samples with 1 to 4 oocytes or embryos which were constructed using the quantitative amplification and dot blotting method. This method entails the direct lysis of small numbers of oocytes or embryos in a reverse transcription buffer supplemented with nonionic detergent, thereby avoiding RNA losses associated with organic extractions (Brady and Iscove 1993). We find that aberrant regulation of cell cycle regulatory gene mRNAs is a prominent feature of oocytes and embryos of compromised developmental potential (FSH stimulated-moderate reduced potential and NS-severely compromised potential). Of the 56 mRNAs for which expression was detected, there was significant aberrations related to oocyte and embryo quality in the expression of more than half (n = 30), P < 0.05), 26 of 30 display significant differences in metaphase II stage oocytes, 20 being altered in FSH stimulated females and 24 of 30 being altered in NS females. The comparison between monkey and previously reported mouse array expression data (Zeng et al. 2004) revealed striking differences between 2 species. These data provide novel information about disruptions in the expression of genes controlling the cell cycle in oocytes and embryos of compromised developmental potential. We thank Bela Patel, Malgorzata McMenamin, and Ann Marie Paprocki for their technical assistance. We also thank R. Dee Schramm for his contribution to the development of the PREGER resource. This work was supported by National Centers for Research Resources Grant RR-15253.


Due to the deregulation of the financial industry, bank branches now need to shift to a sales-oriented base, from an operation-oriented base. There are two types of office functions in a branch: front-office operations (i.e., counter work), and back office operations. The latter functions require many office clerks and large amounts of time. To enable efficient back-office operations, banks are now moving these operations to centralized business operation center. Forms received from customers at branches are scanned with image scanner, and the scanned data are then transferred electronically to the centralized business operation center. There, the back-office functions can be performed more effectively. Branches handle a wide variety of forms, to which the centralized business operation center must correspond. Consequently, the challenge is to reduce the development cost of client applications used in this center. We propose new client application architecture based on a framework extending the delegation event model and a component connection method using an event adapter. In this architecture, client applications can he developed by simply describing the screen configurations and their transitions in XML documents. By utilizing our architecture, we developed client applications for the central business operation center of a new bank branch system. Our experiments demonstrated a reduction in development cost of about 60%.


Summary Modern methods of inhaled drug delivery to the respiratory tract were discussed in this analytical review. Significance of spirometry and the impor� tance of spirometric results for the inhaler choice were substantiated. Advantages and disadvantages of different inhalation devices were described.


UK higher education policy relating to doctoral-level education assumes that student networks provide the basis for informal learning and the acquisition of necessary skills and information. Through semi-structured interviews with 17 doctoral students from a UK management school, this study investigated the value of these networks to students, the facilitators and barriers to network formation, and the causes of network formation and demise. Networks provided three opportunities: academic discussion, benchmarking progress and personal support. Networking was perceived to be most valuable when conducted face to face. Loss of formal structures and increasing independence of research projects over time contributed to network fragmentation. Network cohesion was enabled by 'physical presence', 'shared experience' and a sense of 'common purpose'. Suggestions for the development of structures to support cohesive doctoral networks are made.


This work is a case study that aims to find expressions of love in Afro-Brazilian religion, more specifically in the practice of Batuque. These expressions manifest themselves in the form of a particular sociability that includes conviviality, conflict and sociality. This ethnography was conducted in the Ilê do Paizinho de Oxum religious house of worship, located in the semi-urban town of Viamão, in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul. Our contact with the group occurred both at special times of worship and festivities as well as in calmer moments of informal conversation and daily routine. Data collection was conducted through participant observation as well as via interviews with both the Babalorixá (priest of the saints) and his filhos-de-santo (children of the saints). The focus of this work centres on the social constructions of affection, emotion and feelings. Through the observation of sociability in connection with specific relations of identification between humans and nonhumans, we grasp the concept of love.


Abstract The qualitative and quantitative structure of rotifer and crustacean zooplankton inhabiting Stratiotes beds and pelagial zone have been studied in different types of lakes. In 12 lakes we recorded 151 rotifer and 52 crustacean species, with more than 90% of them being present in the Stratiotes beds. There were twice more zooplankton species in the Stratiotes stands than in open water zone of lakes. The dense beds of a simple-built water soldier supported high zooplankton diversity. The obtained results suggest that the degree of leaf dissection is not the only factor responsible for microhabitat heterogeneity in macrophyte beds. The dense Stratiotes stands can provide a diverse array of surfaces for colonization, feeding (detritus) and shelter against predators for many plant-associated and benthic species, as well as they can act as a daytime refuge for some pelagic crustaceans (Diaphanosoma brachyurum, Mesocyclops leuckarti and Ceriodaphnia spp.). Composition of rotifer and crustacean assemblages in the Stratiotes stands were very similar in all studied lakes and clearly differed from open water zones. Our study suggested that similar zooplankton communities could develop in the same macrophyte habitat.


The use of industrial by-products as alternative resource of aggregates in road construction could improve the sustainability of this industrial activity. However the chemical composition of these materials, in reference to organic material and heavy metals contents, is very different from that of the natural aggregates. In order to comply with the technical and environmental regulations, the characterisation of alternative aggregates is required if they have to be used in road construction. The main objective of the work presented in this paper has been to study the seasonal variability of the Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash environmental characteristics. Fresh MSWIBA generated for three months in a Spanish plant were sampled. Chemical and leaching properties with legislative relevance were analyzed. The main results are discussed.


The Nearest Feature Line (NFL) rule represents a widely applied variant of the Nearest Neighbor rule whose usefulness has been shown in many different contexts. However, even though the NFL rule has been extended in different directions, only one is based on kernels. In this paper we make one step forward, proposing a novel kernel extension of the NFL rule called Kernel Rectified NFL classifier. Our approach is based on tools and concepts coming from the Rectified Nearest Feature Line Segment (RNFLS) classifier, another extension of the NFL rule aimed at solving known problems of the original one, such as extrapolation and interpolation inaccuracies. In the paper, we present the method and an empirical evaluation based on 15 different datasets, which show that kernelization is a promising direction for extending the NFL family of classifiers.


1. Background Vaginal progesterone, low dose aspirin and care management (comprising increased outreach and education) has been shown to reduce the rate of prematurity in select populations, but identifying at-risk pregnancies has been problematic. 2. Objective(s) Test the hypothesis that screening singleton, non-anomalous pregnancies lacking traditional clinical risk factors with a validated blood test for preterm birth risk prediction, then targeting those with elevated risk for preventive treatment, would improve neonatal outcomes as compared to a large historical population. 3. Study Design The study took place from June 2018-September 2020 at ChristianaCare Hospital (Newark, DE). Singleton non-anomalous pregnancies with no history of preterm birth were enrolled in a prospective study arm and followed through neonatal hospital discharge. Participants were screened using a serum proteomic test for spontaneous preterm birth risk during a gestational age window spanning 19 1/7-20 6/7 weeks. Pregnancies identified by the test to be at elevated risk for preterm birth ([≥]16.0%, approximately twice the U.S. population risk) were offered aspirin 81 mg daily, open-label vaginal progesterone 200 mg daily and care management. We compared outcomes for women who screened either low-risk or higher-risk accepting treatment with those in a historical study arm of 10,000 pregnancies. Our co-primary outcomes were neonatal hospital length of stay and an ordinal neonatal morbidity index score based on the occurrence of grade III/IV interventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis (Bell stage II/III), respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity (stage III), sepsis, and neonatal death or neonatal intensive care unit length of stay. Cox proportional hazards survival analysis and ordinal logistic regression were utilized to evaluate outcomes and control for population differences. 4. Results A total of 1463 women were screened and tested before research operations were ceased due to the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, and three women were subsequently deemed ineligible after screening. Of these, 34.72% (507/1460) were deemed high-risk, with 56.41% (286/507) accepting intervention and 43.59% (221/507) forgoing intervention. The remaining 65.3% (953/1460) were designated as low-risk. Women in the prospective arm were older, more obese, more likely to have hypertension and smoke, and less likely to use opioids compared to women in the historical arm. The primary analyses found that neonates in the prospective arm were discharged from the hospital earlier (P=0.01; hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.70) and had lower neonatal morbidity index scores (P=0.031; odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.98). Average neonatal hospital length of stay decreased by 21%, and severe neonatal morbidity (neonatal morbidity index [≥]3) was reduced on average by 18%. 5. Conclusions Identifying singleton, non-anomalous pregnancies lacking traditional risk factors with a validated proteomic blood test for preterm birth risk and providing treatment to those at risk resulted in improved neonatal outcomes compared to controls in a racially diverse cohort. This test-and-treatment strategy shows promise for ameliorating the impacts of premature birth among individuals in this previously unidentified patient population.


Recent studies have demonstrated that topical application of glycerol on intact skin does not affect its optical scattering properties. Investigators from our research group recently revisited the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an agent with optical clearing potential. We address the use of optical clearing to enhance quantitation of subsurface fluorescence emission. We employed both in vitro and in vivo model systems to study the effect of topical DMSO application on fluorescence emission. Our in vitro experiments performed on a tissue-simulating phantom suggest that DMSO-mediated optical clearing enables enhanced characterization of subsurface fluorophores. With topical DMSO application, a marked increase in fluorescence emission was observed. After 30 min, the fluorescence signal at the DMSO-treated site was 9× greater than the contralateral saline-treated site. This ratio increased to 13× at 105 min after agent application. In summary, DMSO is an effective optical clearing agent for improved fluorescence emission quantitation and warrants further study in preclinical in vivo studies. Based on outcomes from previous clinical studies on the toxicity profile of DMSO, we postulate that clinical application of DMSO as an optical clearing agent, can be performed safely, although further study is warranted.


According to the question of coal-fired furnace and outdated oil forge with low heat efficiency, high energy consumption and serious pollution, a type of environmental protection and energy-conservation oil forge is designed. The furnace uses advanced burner,so it can completely combust and greatly reduce the CO,NO 2 amount of waste gas.The furnaces heat efficiency can reach about 30%.With the obvious saving-energy effects, the furnace is suitable to the small amount of parts to be heated in forging.


I. Abnormal rhythm without demonstrable heart disease In this group there is an upset of function and not of gross anatomy. Quinidine may be used with maximum safety. (a) Auricular Fibrillation. Lone auricular fibrillation is a condition compatible with many years of healthy vigorous existence. The heart is usually normal in shape and size when the patient is first seen (Fig. I). In time, however, the disorder of function will cause cardiac enlargement and an enlarged heart will sooner or later fail. For this reason normal rhythm must be restored if possible no matter how long the abnormal has been in possession. A high percentage of success may be expected even if the irregularity has been known to be present for ten or more years. Auricular fibrillation following thyrotoxicosis may persist after thyroidectomy. Such persistence beyond the tenth day is an indication for the use of quinidine. The occurrence of auricular fibrillation after any operation, especially in patients who have been given too active intravenous fluid therapy, is not uncommon. Most return to normal rhythm on their own account, but if such reversion has not taken place in forty-eight hours, quinidine should be used. (b) Auricular Flutter. Lone auricular flutter is not uncommon and when it occurs nearly always precipitates a minor degree of heart failure. For this reason it is preferable to use digitalis in the first place, a drug that will usually change the flutter to fibrillation. Quinidine may then be given QUINIDINE-Its Uses and Abuses


Chapter 1. Themes and Issues in Adult Development and Aging. Chapter 2. Models of Development: Natures and Nurture in Adulthood. Chapter 3. The Study of Adult Development and Aging: Research Methods. Chapter 4. Pysical and Sensory Changes in Adulthood and Old Age. Chapter 5. Health and Prevention. Chapter 6. Basic Cognitive Functions: Information Processing, Attention and Memory. Chapter 7. Language, Problem Solving and Intelligence. Chapter 8. Personality and Patterns of Coping. Chapter 9. Relationships. Chapter 10. Work, Retirement, and Leisure Patterns. Chapter 11. Mental Health Issues and Treatment. Chapter 12. Treatment Sites for Chronic Disorders in Adulthood. Chapter 13. Death and Dying. Chapter 14. Successful Aging and Creattivity. References. Source Notes. Credits. Author Index. Subject Index.


To discuss the shape,geometry changes of left ventricle (LV) within three weeks after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Method:The indexes of LV shape,geometry were measured in 32 patients with AMI at 1 week,2 weeks and 3 weeks after the attack using two dimensional echocardiography (2 DE),and compared with 33 normal control cases.Result:Of all the 33 patients with AMI,14(44%) showed obvious shape and geometric changes in LV. The changes of LV were progressively worse from 1 week to 3 weeks after attack with the peak in 3 weeks,and the changes in remodeling group (n=14) were significant than that of non remodeling group (n=18).Conclusion:The LV changes were closely associated with early LV remodeling occurred after AMI.


Parents are finding new pals in Tipton as part of a pilot scheme to bring moms, dads and carers together.


Black Americans are disproportionately impacted by HIV. The BRAAVE 2020 study, evaluated the safety and efficacy of switching to the guidelines-recommended single-tablet regimen bictegravir, emtricitabine, tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in Black adults through week (W) 48.

 Adults with HIV who self-identified as Black or African American and were virologically suppressed on 2 NRTIs plus a 3rd agent were randomized (2:1) to switch to open-label B/F/TAF once daily or stay on their baseline regimen (SBR). Prior virologic failure was allowed except failure on an INSTI. Prior resistance to NNRTIs, PIs and/or NRTIs was permitted except K65R/E/N, ≥3 thymidine analog mutations or T69-insertions. Primary INSTI-resistance was excluded. SBR participants switched to B/F/TAF at W24. Efficacy was assessed at the W24 (1○ endpoint, noninferiority margin 6%) and at W48 as the proportion with HIV-1 RNA ≥ 50 c/mL by FDA Snapshot and by changes in CD4 count. Safety was assessed by adverse events (AE) and lab results.

 495 were randomized and treated (B/F/TAF n=330, SBR n=165): 32% cis women, 2% transgender women, median age 49 y (range 18-79), 10% had pre-existing M184V/I mutation (Table 1), and 62% lived in the US South. At W24, 1% (2/328) on B/F/TAF vs 2% (3/165) on SBR had HIV-1 RNA ≥50 c/mL (difference -1.2%; 95% CI -4.8% to 0.9%) demonstrating noninferiority of B/F/TAF; 2 with pre-existing primary INSTI resistance were excluded from analysis. 163 assigned to SBR completed W24 and switched to B/F/TAF (SBR to B/F/TAF). At W48 1% (3/328) originally randomized to B/F/TAF and 0 SBR to B/F/TAF had HIV-1 RNA ≥ 50 c/mL (Table 2). The presence of baseline NRTI resistance did not affect the efficacy of B/F/TAF. No treatment emergent resistance was detected. The mean (SD) changes in CD4 were +7 cells/mm3 (189) for B/F/TAF and -8 cells/mm3 (159) for SBR to B/F/TAF. Median (IQR) weight increased 0.9 kg (-1.5, 4.1) and 0.6 kg (-1.0, 3.1) for B/F/TAF and SBR to B/F/TAF groups, respectively. Study drug-related AEs occurred in 10% of participants while on B/F/TAF; most were grade 1.
 Table 1.

 Table 2.

 Switching to B/F/TAF was highly effective for Black adults regardless of baseline regimen or pre-existing NRTI resistance and was associated with few treatment related AEs or discontinuations.

 Debbie Hagins, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Advisor or Review Panel member)Janssen (Grant/Research Support)Merck (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Advisor or Review Panel member)Viiv Healthcare (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Advisor or Review Panel member) Princy Kumar, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Michael Saag, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Merck (Consultant, Grant/Research Support)Proteus (Grant/Research Support)Viiv Healthcare (Consultant, Grant/Research Support) Anson K. Wurapa, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Advisor or Review Panel member)GlaxoSmithKline (Grant/Research Support)Janssen (Grant/Research Support, Advisor or Review Panel member)Pfizer (Grant/Research Support) Indira Brar, MD, Gilead (Speaker's Bureau)janssen (Speaker's Bureau)ViiV (Speaker's Bureau) Daniel Berger, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Olayemi Osiyemi, M.D, GlaxoSmithKline (Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker's Bureau)ViiV Healthcare (Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker's Bureau) Corrilynn Hileman, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator) Moti Ramgopal, MD FACP FIDSA, AbbVie (Speaker's Bureau)Allergan (Speaker's Bureau)Gilead Sciences Inc. (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Speaker's Bureau)Janssen (Speaker's Bureau)Merck (Consultant)Viiv Healthcare (Consultant) Cheryl McDonald, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Speaker's Bureau)Janssen (Grant/Research Support)Merck (Grant/Research Support, Speaker's Bureau)Viiv Healthcare (Grant/Research Support) Christiana Blair, MS, Gilead Sciences (Employee, Shareholder) Kristen Andreatta, MSc, Gilead Sciences (Employee, Shareholder) Sean E. Collins, MD, MS, Gilead Sciences (Employee) Diana M. Brainard, MD, Gilead Sciences (Employee) Hal Martin, MD, MPH, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Employee, Shareholder)


In view of the channeling between injection and production wells in fracturing reservoirs during the oilfield development,the static geology characteristic indicators chosen and dynamic characteristic indicators chosen that can reflect water channeling are dimensionlessly processed by using mathematical methods,thus obtaining the evaluating indicator set for oil and water wells and the weighted indicators.The comprehensive evaluation indicators of the evaluated targets are calculated by using weighted coefficients,the evaluating criteria are raised for the channeling-well region of injection and production and the channeling severity is identified based on the comprehensive indicators of oil and water wells.The application in BD Oilfield proves that the method is feasible and prospective for its future application.


We prove that tour movements are enough to solve l<endaU's problem on a spheie S2 imbedded in R3. We discuss íiist the setting of the problem, se that oriented coordinate systems dre taken by rnovernent.s of a sphere of radius 1, whicll iolls without. slipping and without t.wisting, over geodesics of the spheie of radius R > 1. Tlie main result st.ates tltat two coordinate systems can be taken one t.o t.he ot.her with at most 4 movements foi any R by extensive use of t.he geoinetry of the sphere. Bcsides, we piopose a genelalisation for a. cert.ain class of nia.nifolds. We also present a. discussion on a formulation of Kendall's problem frolll the point of view of an observei incide the rnanifold, pointing out the diMculties which alise there.