Peer tutoring has been used in a variety of contexts and a variety of institutions to both improve learning and retention for the classroom students and to improve the confidence and knowledge base of the peer tutor. Much of the current literature focusses on how to implement peer tutoring with a fairly large program, including at least one graduate TA and multiple undergraduates who have recently taken the course. In addition, these peers were trained outside of the normal classroom hours and/or paid to participate. While useful at larger institutions, or at least those with substantial resources, this model is generally unworkable at a smaller institution without funding to pay students, or a sufficient critical mass of students to enable formal training outside of the classroom. This lightning talk describes a slightly different model that involves the university's academic support center staff for tutoring training, class attendance for technical training, and the giving of credit as opposed to payment for the student. To receive more than one hour of credit the student also works closely with the professor to complete one or more "learning modules" that later become resources for the class and provide an additional learning opportunity for the tutor. This method has been used by the author with over 9 peer tutors across a range of 7 classes, with generally good success.


A novel selenium/faujasite nanocomposite was synthesized on the basis of Rb+-exchanged zeolite Y. The confined selenium has an optical band gap of 2.62 eV and exhibits a significantly improved stability in air when compared to other selenium/faujasite composites. Its unique Raman spectrum consists of 12 well-resolved modes, which are attributed to Se8 (D4d) crowns and stable Rb+ coordination complexes with this ring molecule. The Rb+ coordination has a strong structure-directing effect on the confined Se, promoting a complete cyclization of the Se inside the cavities of zeolite Y. The extraordinary stability of this composite is credited to the matching dimensions of the Se8 rings and the aluminosilicate framework as well as to the coordinative immobilization of the Se clusters.


The ability of an ecosystem to deliver multiple functions at high levels (multifunctionality) typically increases with biodiversity but there is substantial variation in the strength and direction of biodiversity effects, suggesting context-dependency. However, the drivers of this context dependency have not been identified and understood in comparative meta-analyses or experimental studies. To determine how different factors modulate the effect of diversity on multifunctionality, we conducted a large grassland experiment with 216 communities, crossing a manipulation of plant species richness (1-20 species) with manipulations of resource availability (nitrogen enrichment), plant functional composition (gradient in mean specific leaf area [SLA] to manipulate abundances of fast vs. slow species), plant functional diversity (variance in SLA) and enemy abundance (fungal pathogen removal). We measured ten functions, above and belowground, related to productivity, nutrient cycling and energy transfer between trophic levels, and calculated multifunctionality. Plant species richness and functional diversity both increased multifunctionality, but their effects were context dependent. Species richness increased multifunctionality, but only when communities were assembled with fast growing (high SLA) species. This was because slow species were more redundant in their functional effects, whereas fast species tended to promote different functions. Functional diversity also increased multifunctionality but this effect was dampened by nitrogen enrichment, however, unfertilised, functionally diverse communities still delivered more functions than low diversity, fertilised communities. Our study suggests that a shift towards exploitative communities will not only alter ecosystem functioning but also the strength of biodiversity-functioning relationships, which highlights the potentially complex effects of global change on multifunctionality.


Based on paper 1, the assessment methods of tropical frequency (TCF) forecast are discussed Three parameters to evaluate the accuracy TCF forecast each year are defined The factors affecting the accuracy of Shanghai tropical cyclone frequency forecast are evaluated and the Shanghai TCF forecast accuracy by the method established in the "ninth five year plan" is compared with that of the method used before the "ninth five year plan


This study aims mainly to analyze the performance of insurance business in Nepal. The data used in this study is mainly quantitative and analysis has been carried out by using simple percentage and correlation coefficient. The study reveals that there are altogether 25 insurance companies viz. 8 life insurance and 16 non-life insurance and one offer both life and non-life services. They have altogether 340 branch offices in Nepal. The growth of insurance policies for both life and non-life insurance companies has been increasing and significant during the study period. Similarly, the progressive trend of premium collection reached to 48 percent for non-life and 37.06 percent for life insurance in FY 2066/67 and contributed 1.70 percent in GDP of the economy. Moreover, the investment of insurance companies has been positive but fluctuating over the period under study. However, the correlation coefficient between total premium collection and total investment is positive with r=0.97 and significant as its PE is only 0.0163. These facts reveal that the performance of insurance business in Nepal is satisfactory. The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. Vii, No. 1, 2010-2011 Page : 70-79 Uploaded date : July 8, 2012


In this work, a machine learning method is proposed to precisely classify partially occluded integer and fractional vortex modes for the first time in radio frequency. Consequently, we introduce three training schemes, i.e., the direct recognition scheme with the phase data or the amplitude data (PD-DRS and AD-DRS), the phase data or amplitude data interpolated by nearest neighbor interpolation algorithm (PD-NNI and AD-NNI), and the full data (FD) of the electric field with the NNI algorithm (FD-NNI), to recognize the topological charges. Based on the designed deep convolutional neural network models, the relationship between the test accuracy and the number of sampling points of the three schemes is presented. It is shown that 3×3 sampling points are enough for FD-NNI to achieve the classification accuracy of 98.2%. To validate the robustness of the proposed models, we evaluate them on the sample carrying up to 50% Gaussian noise, separately. Besides, the effects of propagation distance and the occlusion angle are also investigated. The numerical results present that the interpolated data performs better in terms of accuracy compared with the pure sampled data, among which FD-NNI possesses better generalization ability, suggesting great potential in the practical application of radio vorticity communication.


The effect of the shape of the strain-softening diagram on the bearing capacity of threepoint loaded beams, as calculated by the "fictitious crack model", is analysed. It is shown that if, at peak load, the openings at the nodes along the fracture zone are smaller than the displacement corresponding to the break-point of the bilinear softening approximation, the maximum load only depends on the slope of its initial linear portion. A "limit break-point" (L) is defined such that bilinear strain-softening diagrams with the same initial slope, and whose break-points are located beyond Point L, will lead to the same maximum load of bent beams. The location of that "limit break-point" as a function of initial slope, beam size and notch depth is also studied; the effect of these variables is explained in terms of notch sensitivity.


The manipulation of the electronic properties of graphene, and in particular the bandgap opening by nano-patterning, is a crucial issue for both physics and applications. The nanostructuration can be done either through the top-down approach or the bottom-up approach. This bottom-up approach allows controlling at the atomic level the structure of the materials. The aim of this thesis is to prepare graphene quantum dots and graphene nanomeshes (regular arrays of holes in a graphene sheet) by chemical synthesis, and to study their physical properties. In the first part, a "family" of graphene quantum dots was prepared with organic chemistry via Diels-Alder and Scholl reactions and the optical properties were studied both in solution and at the single molecule scale. In the second part, a new type of graphenic structures intermediate between quantum dots and nanoribbons were synthesized and we named them "graphene nanorods". These objects are one dimensional but have a controlled length compared to nanoribbons prepared via polymerization. Finally, various precursors were synthesized to create graphene nanomeshes. These precursors will allow the formation, using chemical vapor deposition in a scanning tunneling microscope chamber, of nanomeshes exhibiting different structures and morphology.


a beating heart in a selected, high-risk group of patients in order to minimize the potential complications of CPB.2 Through a median sternotomy, we successfully placed single-vessel saphenous vein LAD coronary artery bypass grafts in 2 men (a 61year-old who had hepatic cirrhosis with compensated liver insufficiency, and a 69-year-old with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). As a result of the increasing popularity of the procedure as a safe alternative to traditional coronary artery bypass grafting for myocardial revascularization, we extended our indications to include patients with lesions in the LAD and the diagonal coronary arteries that were not amenable to PTCA. (When cases of isolated right coronary stenosis are presented for surgical correction, albeit infrequently, we


Research Support Instruments, Inc., Lanham, Maryland 20706 Abstract: Electra hasdemonstrated high yield, 725J,1Hzand5Hzoperation for100second bursts. Analysis offluorine dependence onyield showsreplacing super-elastic collision processes with dissociative attachment processes improves agreement. ©2003 Optical Society ofAmerica OCIScodes: (350.2660) Fusion (140.2180) Excimer lasers


The outsourcing strategy has been practiced by companies as an option to gain competitive advantage while applying information systems. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the strategy of IS outsourcing and the alignment between business strategy and information technology (EA). The research method used was the case study. Data collection was conducted through interviews and document analysis guided by models of alignment between business strategy and information technology and theories related to outsourcing of information systems identified in the literature. The results have shown that the company under study complies with the models and presents a high level of EA. As an outcome, the article proposes a basis for a model of EA that includes combination of variables identified in the models studied, highlighting those that make it possible to identify the relationship between the outsourcing of information systems and alignment.


Due to the degradation of the symbolic and historical meaning of the scuptural monuments installed in public places, it gets really urgent to promote the analysis of the cultural inheritance and the symbols and icons that evoke the past in the present. Because of that, this article tries to broach to the importance of the test of the civic statuary and the rituals associated to it being shown. As a matter of fact, we are located in the Costa Rican case at the end of the 19th Century and the beginning of the 20th Century


Abstract : The charge efficiency of the nickel-cadmium cell is found to be 100% up to the state of charge where oxygen evolution begins to take place. Inefficiencies at lower states of charge are due to poor utilization of capacity on discharge rather than to any inefficiency in rechargability. The dependence of the utilization efficiency on charge and discharge rates is reported. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the utilization of capacity in the nickel electrode is limited by the formation of a depletion layer at the current collector-active material interface. (Author)


The hybrid PV (photovoltaic)- CSP (concentrating solar power) system is developing rapidly in recent years due to the cost reduction and operational flexibility, which makes it a good candidate in power system frequency regulation. This paper proposes a primary frequency control strategy for the hybrid PV-CSP system. The proposed strategy is based on a hierarchical control structure and take the state of energy (SOE) into consideration, which coordinates the PV and CSP subsystems to provide frequency support. The effectiveness of the strategy is verified by Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy has good frequency regulation ability under various operating conditions.


We describe the design of the Field-Imaging Far-Infrared Line Spectrometer (FIFI-LS), operated as a Facility-Class instrument on the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). FIFI-LS is an imaging spectrometer for medium resolution spectroscopy. Since being commissioned in 2014, it has performed over 50 SOFIA commissioning and science flights. After operating as a principal investigator instrument in 2014 and early 2015, it was accepted as a Facility Science Instrument in 2015. In addition to the description of the design, we report on the in-flight performance and the concept of operation. We also provide an overview of the science opportunities with FIFI-LS and describe how FIFI-LS observations complement and complete observations with the PACS instrument on the Herschel observatory.


The possible solution for electrifying rural areas of developing countries, where is far away from national grids, are off grid small hybrid systems using renewable energy. The photovoltaic(PV) hybrid system was installed in the village of Darsilami in Gambia and since December 2004 functions as a stand alone system that is used to supply electricity for a rural health clinic. All the generators are coupled on the AC side using innovative inverter technology, which will allow the capacity of the power system to be easily expanded according to the future needs of the village population. This paper presents the data evaluation and performance study of the hybrid system. The monthly global radiation, system performance ratio(PR) and performance factor(PF) were analyzed and investigated. The PR and PF were introduced to characterize the system operation and shows how the potential energy of a PV system is used.


The article considers a possibility of ellipse approximation of the electroencephalogram phase reflect. It shows the dependence of the enclosing ellipse parameters on a patient nosology form. For the first time the electroencephalogram phase reflection is proposed to control health state of thyroid patients.


Despite the improvements brought by the introduction of new alloys and the use of single crystalline materials for turbine blades and vanes, it is impossible to find alloy compositions that allow the required mechanical and corrosion properties to be simultaneously achieved. As a result, turbine blades must be coated with a material with outstanding oxidation and corrosion resistance, like MCrAlY-type alloys, in order to achieve the required component lifetime. The protective action of MCrAlY-type alloys depends on the progressive formation of a uniform and well-adherent oxide layer. The possibility of eliminating high diffusivity paths, such as grain boundaries, from coatings may constitute a major improvement in the oxidation resistance of these materials due to the reduction and uniformization of the growth rate and of the oxide scale. The deposition of single crystalline MCrAlY coatings on single crystalline turbine blade materials is demonstrated by the authors in the present paper. This paper reports on the structure and properties of single crystalline laser cladded coatings. Detailed microstructural characterization and X-ray diffraction experiments were performed in order to establish orientation relationships between the substrate material and the coating material. Experimental results show that the coating structure develops epitaxially from the substrate and inherits its crystal orientation. The single crystalline character is preserved even when several layers of MCrAIY are overlapped.Despite the improvements brought by the introduction of new alloys and the use of single crystalline materials for turbine blades and vanes, it is impossible to find alloy compositions that allow the required mechanical and corrosion properties to be simultaneously achieved. As a result, turbine blades must be coated with a material with outstanding oxidation and corrosion resistance, like MCrAlY-type alloys, in order to achieve the required component lifetime. The protective action of MCrAlY-type alloys depends on the progressive formation of a uniform and well-adherent oxide layer. The possibility of eliminating high diffusivity paths, such as grain boundaries, from coatings may constitute a major improvement in the oxidation resistance of these materials due to the reduction and uniformization of the growth rate and of the oxide scale. The deposition of single crystalline MCrAlY coatings on single crystalline turbine blade materials is demonstrated by the authors in the present paper. This paper report...


OBJECTIVES: Mega-earthquake, tsunami and nuclear power plant accident hit Fukushima, Japan on March 11th, 2011. The tsunami swept away thousands of homes on the shore. In addition, Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant disseminated massive radioactive substances, was forcing thousands of people in the neighborhood to take refuge at remote shelters over 2 months. It is known that post-disaster fatal pulmonary thromboembolism is highly associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). We herein report our post-disaster DVT survey and prevention operation for evacuees in Fukushima disaster. METHODS: From March 28 to May 11 in 2011, ultrasound examination of deep veins below knee was performed on 2,238 evacuees in the shelters by "Advanced Disaster Medical Team of Fukushima Medical University". The quality of shelter was assessed according to CDC (Centers for Disease Control) shelter assessment tool. The condition of evacuees varied depending on each refugee shelter such as school gym or public facilities. Generally, the utilities such as water, electronic, or gas were cut off during the survey. The food supply was inadequate. The latrines were installed outside of the shelters in the cold environment. Most evacuees slept on the floor mattress. RESULTS: The overall incidence of DVT was 9.8% (219/2238). Most of the DVTs(94.4%)were identified as chronic and mural in the soleus or gastrocnemius veins. The incidence of DVT at the shelters near Tsunami area was extremely high (35%). The incidence was higher in evacuees from Tsunami area than those from nuclear power plant accident (13.3% vs. 7.5%: P 2 =0.05, P=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: According to the first experience of triple disaster in human history, high incidence of DVT was demonstrated among more than 2,000 evacuees in Fukushima. The incidence was associated with the cause of evacuation and quality of shelter. Further analysis with long-term follow-up is mandatory for better understanding of post-disaster pathophysiology caused by natural disaster complicated with modern nuclear technology.


A novel soft chemical approach was developed to synthesize tin oxide-based powders. The microstructure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and electrochemical methods. The results show that the particles of tin oxide-based materials form an interconnected network structure like mesoporous material. The average size of the particles is about 200 nm. The materials deliver a charge capacity of more than 570 mA*h*g-1. And the capacity loss per cycle is about 0.15% after being cycled for 30 times. The good electrochemical performance indicates that tin oxide-based materials are promising anodes for lithium ion batteries.


An on-chip refractive index (RI) sensor with high sensitivity and large measurement range is demonstrated. The sensing scheme presented here is based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration built on an SOI wafer. The measured wavelength sensitivity reaches 3498.6 nm/RIU (TE-mode). Meanwhile, according to the period changes of interference patterns, the measured period sensitivities are 20.4 nm/RIU (TE-mode) and 61.1 nm/RIU (TM-mode), respectively. Therefore, the fine index change detection limit reaches up to 1.1×10-5 RIU, while the period shift for larger index change detection has a measurement range of several RIU. By making an array, the proposed on-chip sensor has a potential application for multiple samples detection, such as chemical and bio-toxins in drinking water ranging from sub-nanogram to picogram level.


Immunohistochemistry is widely used as a gold stan dard to inspect tissues, characterize their structure and detect pa thological alterations. As such, the joint analysis of histological images and other imaging modalities (MRI, PET) is of major interest to interpret these physic al signals and establish their correspondence with the biological constitution of the tissues. However, it is challenging to provide a meaningful characterizatio n of the signal specificity. In this paper, we propose an integrated method to quan titatively evaluate the discriminative power of imaging modalities. This me thod was validated using a macaque brain dataset containing: 3 immunohistochem ically stained and 1 histochemically stained series, 1 photographic volu me and 1 in vivo T2 weighted MRI. First, biological regions of interest (ROIs) were automatically delineated from histological sections stained for m a kers of interest and mapped on the target non-specific modalities through co-re gistration. These nonoverlapping ROIs were considered ground truth for la ter classification. Voxels were evenly split in training and testing sets for a logistic regression model. The statistical significance of resulting accuracy scor es was evaluated through null distribution simulations. Such an approach could be of major interest to assess relevant biological characteristics from various im aging modalities.


Considering the defects in determination of water quality classification using maximum membership degree principle in traditional fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,a new fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of water quality was established based on confidence criteria.The method can effectively avoid the problems which include the unclear classification of water quality,the unreasonable result and so on.The water quality of Fujiang River was evaluated by this method.The results show that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method combined with confidence criteria is more reasonable and reliable than that using maximum membership degree principle for determination of water quality classification,and it can distinguish the different degrees of water pollution in the same water classification more accurately.


Super-resolution image reconstruction is a process of producing a high-resolution image from a set of low- resolution images of the same scene. Previously published techniques usually perform reconstruction on pixel domain, which utilize the relationship between high-resolution and low-resolution pixel space, and suffer a high computational complexity. A feature space based super-resolution face reconstruction algorithm is proposed in this paper for application of high-resolution face reconstruction from low-resolution video surveillance. We showed that compared with normal algorithms, the proposed algorithm is more robust and more computationally efficient.


In this paper, we prove some best proximity point theorems for multivalued mappings in the setting of complete partially ordered metric spaces. As an application, we infer best proximity point and fixed point results for single valued mappings in partially ordered metric spaces. The results presented generalize and improve various known results from best proximity and fixed point theory. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). 41A65; 90C30; 47H10


The compressor section of a diesel locomotive turbocharger was re-designed to increase its maximum total-to-total pressure ratio and efficiency. Tests conducted on the prototype compressor showed possible rotating stall in the diffuser section before the designed higher pressure ratio could be achieved. It was decided to simulate the prototype compressor's operation by using one-dimensional theory [1], followed by a three-dimensional CFD analysis of the compressor. This publication focuses on implementation of the impeller, vaneless annular passage and vaned diffuser one-dimensional theories. A verification process was followed to show the accuracy of the one- and three-dimensional modelling methods using two well-known centrifugal compressor test cases found in the literature [2–5]. Comparing the test case modelling results to available experimental results indicated sufficient accuracy to investigate the prototype compressor's impeller and diffuser. Conclusions drawn on the prototype compressor's performance using the one- and three-dimensional modelling methods led to a recommendation to redesign the impeller and diffuser of the prototype compressor.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Vertical metal edge emitter arrays with well defined gate to emitter separations have been fabricated. The emitter to gate spacing is determined by the thickness of a deposited layer which can also serve as a current limiting resistor. Current limiting resistors can also be formed by a self‐aligned etch of the underlying substrate. Parts with 300 nm emitter to gate spacing created using a chemical mechanical polishing based process begin to emit at as low as 60 V. While those created using a reactive ion etching process with 200 nm emitter to gate spacing begin to emit at 40 V. Emission stability is good and dc current densities of up to 3 A/cm2 from 100 emitter arrays on a close packed 5 μm pitch have been demonstrated.


The ejection of electrons from light target atoms by bare heavy projectiles is described by means of electron capture to the continuum. Calculations of the energy distribution of the electrons are performed within the semiclassical impulse approximation and compared with other theories. As special cases, collisions of Kr with H and Ar with He are considered. Experimental data of the electron spectrum in the forward peak region in (Ar,He) collisions can be well explained.


Mobile group consumption refers to that a group of people such as couples, colleagues, etc. use mobile devices to query commodities and perform consumption. To support the marketing of it, a proper data collection system is needed. Existing such systems are centralized, which suffers from performance bottleneck, one-point failure, overhead of server, etc. Moreover, existing systems are based on synchronous clock, which is often impossible due to hardware constraint or privacy concerns, or at least incur large synchronization overhead. In this paper, we propose an asynchronous distributed approach to collect data of mobile consumption for the first time. We formally build the system model of mobile group consumption in a distributed way and without synchronized clock. Then we propose a three-layer solution for distributed procession, including the procession for local sub-regions, consecutive sub-regions, and multiple sub-regions. After that, a detailed approach is proposed to analyze the causality of two marketing events happened in the system based on pure message exchange. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed approach is effective for data collection of mobile group consumption and is complementary to the classic method based on synchronized clock.


We study and develop a robust control framework for malware filtering and network security. We investigate the malware filtering problem by capturing the tradeoff between increased security on one hand and continued usability of the network on the other. We analyze the problem using a linear control system model with a quadratic cost structure and develop algorithms based on H infinity-optimal control theory. A dynamic feedback filter is derived and shown via numerical analysis to be an improvement over various heuristic approaches to malware filtering. The results are verified and demonstrated with packet level simulations on the Ns-2 network simulator.


SLE affects millions with increasing diagnostic prevalence. Genetic studies have identified >600 mostly regulatory variant associations. EBV has been nominated as a causal factor for SLE from immunochemistry and epidemiologic studies. EBNA2 concentrates at SLE risk loci (Nat Genet 50:699 2018) suggesting mechanisms. Additional evidence supporting EBV as an SLE origin would advance this hypothesis of etiology.
 Previous simulation using our RELI algorithm revealed an astonishing association with Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) (OR=5.96, Pc=E-25) (Nat Genet 50:699, 2018). The >100 risk alleles associated at p<5E-8 for SLE were curated and reduced to 83 loci by linkage disequilibrium pruning. We evaluated the available 53 virally encoded and 13,051 human TF ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation with DNA sequencing) datasets. In addition to EBNA2 (now OR=3.7, Pc=1.96E-18 after Bonferroni correction), two of the 53 viral TF data sets, EBNA3C and EBNALP, each of which are EBV Latency III gene products, were also strongly associated with the SLE risk loci (OR=6.0, Pc=4.19E-18; and OR=3.3, Pc=5.53E-18). Moreover, among the human TF datasets strongly associated with SLE risk loci (Pc<E-6), those from EBV infected and transformed B cells are highly concentrated (OR≈56, P<E-100) and, in addition, the human TFs that are known to form super-enhancers upon B cell transformation by EBV (e.g., NFκB subunits) also tend to be concentrated at the SLE risk loci (OR>30, p<E-25). Meanwhile, genetic associations for depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia show no such relationships.
 These new results further the possible validity of the hypothesis that SLE is originally caused by the Latency III expression program of EBV.


A multi-center double blind study for the clinical evaluation of TCUK was carried out on 115 patients with cerebral thrombosis.The administration of TCUK was done continuously in doses of 60, 000 I. U. for 7 days under comparison with negative placebo.The study was performed according to the protocol, shown in Table 1-6 and the effects of TCUK were judged by the grade of improvement of apparent subjective complaints, disturbances of consciousness, motorius and sensorial disorders of extremities and comprehensive daily life activities. The total scoring of improvements in individual disorders and their comprehensive evaluation were made for judgement of the global improvement and availability of the drugs, obtaining the following conclusions:(1) The availability, particularly the global improvement of TCUK were better than those of placebo in their statistical significance (Table 10).(2) In the serial evaluations, the clinical effects were more significant in patient groups of mild or moderate grades in the severity of disorders, of ages between 40-69, without histories of brain damages and without simultaneous infusions of large amount of solutions.(3) The side effects of TCUK were rare (Table 11) with only two exceptional cases with disturbance of liver functions (Table 18), but the relationship between this liver function disturbance and administration of TCUK was obscure and no cases of hemorrhagic infarction were found in connection with TCUK administration in this study.


Some substituted pyrazoline 3(a-e) were prepared from the reaction of acrelonitril with some substituted imidoyl chloride 2(a-e) (which prepared from substituted - N - phenyl hydrazide 1(a-e) on treatment with phosphorous penta chloride). Compounds 3(a-e) were then transformed into the corresponding imidate hydrochloride 4(a-e) during the reaction with hydrochloric acid in absolute ethanol. Compounds 4(a-e) were allowed to react with either p - nitro phenyl hydrazide, sodium azid or ethylene diamine giving the corresponding 1,2,3 - substituted triazoles 5(a-e), 1,2,3,4- substituted tetrazoles 6(d,e) and imidazoles 7(d,e) respectively.


Hot ductility, as revealed the values of reduction in area at the fracture surface tested at high temperatures on the weld thermal cycles, was studied on austenitic stainless steel weld metals by means of a reproducing apparatus of weld thermal cycles.Five weld metals, including type 308L, 347 and 316, were tested in this study. A round bar tensile specimen made from multiple pass weld, was heated rapidly up to the peak temperature of 1350°C and then broken at each temperature of 800, 1000, 1100, 1200 and 1300°C both on heating and cooling along the thermal cycle, respectively.From the tests, hot ductility curves, expressed as percent reduction in area at fracture as a function of the testing temperatures were obtained for each weld metal.From the values of reduction in area as measured both on heating and cooling at 1200°C, hot ductility rating about these weld metals was determined as the following order.On heating-308L [347(A), 347(B), 316] 347(C)On cooling-308L [347(A), 347(B)] 316, 347(C)Among the test weld metals, the hot ductility of type 308L was the most superior, while that of type 347(C) containing no ferrite was the poorest on the contrary.Furthermore, the comparison was made between hot ductility and Fisco cracking test results for the test weld metals. A close relationship was found between the two, then the hot ductility was assured to be effective extensively as a measure of hot cracking susceptivility of austenitic stainless electrodes.


This study investigated the effect of applied load, sliding distance, and weight percentage of reinforcement on the abrasive wear characteristics of in situ synthesised Al-12Si/TiC composites using a pin-on-disk machine. The strength, hardness, and percentage porosity were also investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to study the microstructure and wear surface behavior of the experimental materials. The results revealed that the strength and hardness increased with increasing weight percentage of reinforcement. However, the percentage porosity was relatively high in the higher weight percentage of reinforcement. The weight loss and coefficient of friction increased with increasing applied load and sliding distance. In contrast, the weight loss and coefficient of friction decreased when the weight percentage of TiC increased. Wear debris in the form of fine black powder and small grooves were noticed in the SEM micrograph of the abraded surfaces of all tested materials.


This paper presents the results of a certification test to incorporate hermetic glass seals into thermocouple sensors utilized for Power Turbine Inlet Temperature sensing in a gas turbine engine in commuter aircraft service. Failure modes found in field service returns are characterized and the general procedure for installing a glass compression seal are outlined.Copyright © 1993 by ASME


© 2015 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved. To Cite This Article: Reza Kargar, A Method for Solving Dual Fuzzy System of Linear Equations. Adv. Environ. Biol., 9(4), 327-334 2015 INTRODUCTION Linear algebra has key and vital role in different sciences such as mathematics and geometrical sciences. Since giving crisp calculations are difficult in different calculations and usually measurements get through fuzzy arithmetic, it is important to necessity of development of linear algebra to fuzzy linear algebra specially in solving linear equations and mutual equations. In paper of Friedman et al [8], it is designed a method for problem solving in dual fuzzy that base of this paper is stated in [7]. After his research, various papers had written on base of these two papers. Important objection of this method is cited by Allahviranloo in [4] . In this paper, necessary and enough conditions are stated to dual fuzzy solution. Instrument's solving of this problem is using of linear programming and linear equations system. Structure of this paper is following as; preliminary definitions is cited in part 2 which will use in other parts and in part 3, theorems design and then consider to its proofs, constructed algorithm will use in solving several numerical examples in part 4 and finally conclusions' this paper express in part 5. In this paper some basic definitions and concepts are brought .see [10] Preliminaries: Definition 2.1: By [10] the triangular fuzzy numbers (TFN) are very popular and denoted by ( , , ) u c     and defined by 0 . x x c c x c x c otherwise                        Note: If = c  then TFN is defined: 328 Reza Kargar, 2015 Advances in Environmental Biology, 9(4) March 2015, Pages: 327-334  , = 0 . x x u otherwise               If = c  then TFN is defined:  , = 0 . x x u otherwise               And finally if = = c   then TFN is defined:  1 = , = 0 . x u otherwise     Definition 2.2: By [10] Let  = ( , , ) u c   is a triangular fuzzy number then we define:   ( ) = [ , ] , ( ) = supp u core u c   (1) Lemma 2.1 By [10] for arbitrary interval [ , ] x x , [ , ] y y the following properties hold. I) [ , ] [ , ] = [ , ] x x y y x y x y    ii) [ , ] [ , ] = [ , ] x x y y x y x y    iii) For each k R  : [ , ] i 0, [ , ] = [ , ] i < 0. k x k x f k k x x k x k x f k      Proof: See [10] Definition 2.3 By [9] Let ( ) F R be a set of all fuzzy numbers on r and ( ) I R be a set of intervals on R . The m n  linear system of equations: 11 1 12 2 1 1 21 1 22 2 2 2


Whilst many counselling psychologists have done excellent work, there are many questions to be raised. Have the structures which came into being around 10–12 years ago helped or hindered? Have we had sufficient empirical tools to hand to test the outcomes of our labours? Is the current training wide enough and deep enough? What of our theoretical concerns and value systems?These issues are briefly commented upon and pointers to the future are outlined with the hope that a kind reader might be encouraged to pursue a refreshed direction with beneficial outcomes for their varied clients.


Ho et al. provide a novel insight on how loss of TDP-43 (a major disease protein) leads to SREBF2 (a key regulator)–dependent disruption of cholesterol metabolism, which in turn affects myelination. Their results further implicate that disturbance of cholesterol metabolism may be involved in ALS, FTD, and TDP-43 proteinopathies–related disease.


Several confinement models have been proposed for the retrofit of reinforced concrete (RC) columns using fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). However, existing models are developed for specific core and FRP materials. This paper presents the results of axial compression tests on combinations of FRP-confined cylinders by varying core material, fiber type and architecture, bonding matrix, and number of layers of fiber. Different core materials were tested because in the repair of damaged RC columns, a significant volume of cover and core concrete must typically be replaced. Therefore, there is a need to understand the characteristics of patching materials confined by various wrapping alternatives. Another purpose of this study was to investigate possible rapid repair solutions, with the use of quick-setting cementitious patching materials and bonding matrices. The confined stress-strain curves for each combination were obtained experimentally and compared to existing confinement models.


Purpose
This paper aims to explore salesperson–customer interactions to identify actual behaviors that result in enhanced customer disclosure and classify them as disclosure tactics, and to explore whether certain tactics are more likely to lead to salesperson–customer relationship advancement.

Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative research uses conversation analysis to identify salesperson disclosure tactics that result in customer disclosure, using 12 video-recordings of authentic business-to-business initial sales meetings between a salesperson and customer.

Findings
Findings showed four disclosure tactics that salespeople use to get customers to disclose information: embedded expertise claims, tailored references, demonstrations of preparation and customer orientation and benevolence. These tactics appear more often and are executed differently in sales meetings that successfully advance.

Originality/value
The research addresses an unexplored area of specific salesperson behaviors and their connection to customer disclosure and relationship advancement in the exploration phase. Additionally, this fills a gap that cannot be addressed with traditional survey or interview data and brings conversation analysis to this particular area.


The latest generation of mobile link antennas for mobile communication satellites are characterised by the requirement to generate a lattice of similar pencil beams with good mutual isolation. To satisfy this requirement complex antennas with distributed amplification are necessary. The optimum antenna solution in any particular case may be either a direct radiating array or a reflector system, depending on various system characteristics. The paper focuses on direct radiating arrays for the mobile link transmit function and examines the application to such antennas of the latest developments in semi-active architectures. Some fundamental issues concerning beamforming, frequency reuse and grating lobe structure are addressed. A typical active antenna design is introduced for comparison, a semi-active solution for the same example is derived, and preliminary pattern plots are given.


It results that the investment of the federal government with the powers of external sovereignty did not depend upon the affirmative grants of the Constitution. The powers to declare and wage war, to conclude peace, to make treaties, to maintain diplomatic relations with other sovereignties, if they had never been mentioned in the Constitution, would have been vested in the federal governmnt as necessary concomitants of nationality.... As a member of the family of nations, the right and power of the United States in that field are equal to the right and power of the other members of the inter, national family..... The power ... none of which is expressly affirmed by the Consti. tution, nevertheless exist (s) as inherently inseparable from the conception of nationality. This the court recognized and ... found the warrant for its conclusions not in the pro, visions of the Constitution, but in the law of nations.'


The paper investigates the effect of fillers on the viscosity properties of one-pack polyurethane sealants. It is noted that with the introduction of such mineral fillers as Mikarb, Midol, MTD2 chalk and aluminum hydroxide, the dynamic viscosity of the composition increases uniformly, while when filled with chemically precipitated Calofort SV chalk and MT-GShM talc, an abnormally sharp increase in viscosity is observed. Such an increase in viscosity for Calofort SV is explained by a highly developed surface, in contrast to other fillers. Talc is characterized by a plate-like shape of particles, which leads to a complex orientation of talc particles in the composition and shear difficulties.It was found that a sealant filled with chemically precipitated chalk has more than 100 pts. wt.(parts by weight), per 100 pts. wt. of the prepolymer under the influence of shear forces (at a constant shear rate) during the first 10 minutes of exposure, a sharp decrease in viscosity is observed, which is characteristic of thixotropic compositions, reaching a constant value after 5-10 minutes. After 10 minutes, the thixotropy of the sealant is restored. Talc does not impart thixotropic properties to the sealant composition.


Carbapenems are a primary treatment for infections from multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. To maintain their efficacy and control the emergence of further resistance, breakpoints that correspond to recommended doses with appropriate PK/PD target attainment are paramount.


Halophilic microorganisms thrive at elevated concentrations of sodium chloride up to saturation and are capable of growing on a wide variety of carbon sources. Hence, the biotechnological application of these microorganisms can cover many aspects one of these is bioplastic production. Biodegradable plastics are plastics that are decomposed by the action of living organisms using bacteria. Biodegradable plastic is a renewable biopolymers synthesized in bacteria having similar characteristics of plastics produced from petroleum character. In the following work preisolated halophilic strains were screened for PHB production. The positive strains were subjected to PHB production. Estimation of PHB was done by using UV spectrophotometer and FTIR. Highest PHB producing strain was further used for optimization of different parameters for PHB production.


Versatile symmetries and multi-processors have accumulated constrained enthusiasm from both driving experts and cryptographers over the most recent quite a long while. Given the present status of exceedingly accessible calculations, cyberinformaticians especially want the perception of Internet QoS, which encapsulates the hypothetical standards of programming building. In this position paper, we focus our endeavors on belligerence that online calculations and IPv7 are once in a while contradictory


This paper is primarily concerned with the regularity and the existence of symmetric and periodic solutions of the semi-linear wave equation on S{sup 3} u{sub tt}-{Delta}u+u+F(t,x,u)=0 in S{sup 1} x S{sup 3}, where {Delta} is the Laplace-Beltrami operator on S{sup 3}. Under various conditions on function F, the existence results for semi-linear wave equation on S{sup 1} x S{sup n} are obtained by many authors, e.g., Benci and Fortunato, Brezis and Nirenberg, Rabinowitz and Zhou, among others. The regularity results in the case of n=1 are obtained by Brezis and Nirenberg for asymptotically linear F and by Rabinowitz for super-linear F. Jerison, Sogge and Zhou studied and proved the regularity results for n = 2, n = 4 and n = 6. 15 refs.


The fertility restraint policy in China was officially announced in 1979 and still has continuous updates in recent years, intending to maintain continuity and stability of the demographic structure in China. This paper studies the economic effects of the birth control policy in China on the whole country and individuals (households). Many related papers are reviewed in this paper to support its view. The study shows: The economic effects caused by the policy mentioned in this paper are mainly focused on human capital, technological innovations, savings, labor income and welfare, which are separately discussed at the national level and then the individual level. For China, it will be beneficial to its human capital accumulation and technological innovations under the case that the one-child policy was initially issued. And for individuals(households), income inequality was also mitigated by such policy, while there are negative effects on human capital investment and welfare when the policy was relaxed. The decreasing number of intellectuals due to less attractive education investment is one of the adverse impacts. So, the necessity of the birth control policy in China is comprehensive in terms of its economic effects but it requires continuous and timely adjustments with other auxiliary policies issued to help its implementation.


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A 7-year-old boy presented with cerebral abscess. He was found to be mildly cyanotic with an oxygen saturation of 86%. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed left atrial and left ventricular dilatation. The right superior vena cava (SVC) was shown to be draining into the left atrium, with normal …


Objective Those uncovered academic misconduct have been growing rampant,are now blatantly traceable in any stage of hosts of research processes.Ranked among the causes leading to such rampancy is that postgraduates lack the awareness of academic standard.So,it is necessary to comprehend this study with regard to standardize postgraduate academic behavior and avoid academic misconduct.Especially in network information era,the academic standard demands stringent with perfect check and measure device.Methods In light of these reasons,we must take measure to solve postgraduate academic misconduct from the view of conception,writing and publish.Results Postgraduates should well-known the way of academic misconduct and need practice their ability and resist academic misconduct from writing to publishing.Conclusion Postgraduates should realize the harm of academic misconduct to the college and society,and put forward some measures to standardize the academic behavior and solve the problem when creating writing.


Intragastric administration of ethanol (at concentrations likely to be encountered by the mucosa during acute intoxication) produces gastritis. Recent studies have implicated neutrophils in the gastric mucosal injury induced by luminal ethanol. The objective of the present study was to assess whether neutrophilic elastase contributes to the ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were instrumented for perfusion of the gastric lumen with saline or ethanol. Mucosal injury was quantitated by continuously measuring the blood-to-lumen clearance of {sup 51}Cr-EDTA. The experimental protocol consisted of a 40 minute control period (saline perfusion) followed by three successive 40 minute experimental periods (ethanol perfusion). During the three experimental periods the concentration of ethanol was progressively increased to 10, 20, and 30%. The experiments were performed in untreated animals and in animals pretreated with either Eglin c (an inhibitor of elastase and cathepsin G activity) or L 658 (a specific inhibitor of elastase activity). The effects of ethanol on EDTA clearance (x control) in untreated (n = 9) and L658 treated (n = 5) animals are shown in the Table below. Pretreatment with L 658 significantly attenuated the ethanol-induced increases in EDTA clearance. Pretreatment with Eglin c (n = 6) also provided some protection againstmore » ethanol-induced injury, but not to the extent as that provided by L658. The results of the authors studies suggest that neutrophilic elastase contributes to a gastric mucosal injury induced by luminal perfusion of the stomach with physiologically relevant concentrations of ethanol.« less


The number of new drug candidates with poor aqueous solubility and dissolution rate has grown steadily over the past two decades due to the use of high throughput and combinatorial screening tools during the drug discovery and selection phase.1 Improvement of oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs remains one of the most challenging aspects of drug development. Many approaches, such as salt formation, solubilization and particle size reduction have commonly been used to increase dissolution rate and thereby oral absorption and bioavailability of such drugs.2 However; all these techniques have potential limitations. All poorly soluble drugs are not suitable for improving their solubility by salt formation. Use of co-solvents or surfactants to improve dissolution rate pose problems and decreasing particle size increases solubility but there is poor wetting and flow.3–6 Solid dispersions can overcome these problems. Many carriers used in solid dispersions also cause problems due to their hygroscopic nature. Hence, continuous search for new carriers and new techniques is going on which will be useful for large scale manufacturing. Research for alternative carriers has been increasing to suit for the industrial applications as well as to reduce the production cost and toxic effects. Many polymers have limitations in enhancing solubility of poorly water soluble drugs due to their high viscosity. Use of polymers with low viscosity and high swelling capacity offers better alternative for these types of polymers. Use of natural polymer is more beneficial because of their low cost, biocompatibility, and biodegradability.7 Cost effective pharmaceutical excipients are always desirable. Pharmaceutical excipients developed from natural sources are economic. Present day consumers look for natural ingredients in food, drugs and cosmetics as they believe that anything natural will be safer and devoid of side effects.8,9 Natural excipients show lack of toxicity, easy availability and economic considerations in pharmaceutical industry as compared to their synthetic counterparts. Naturally, derived excipients have shown promising results in the modification of drug release from the formulations.10


Objective We aimed to characterise the liver tissue bacterial metataxonomic signature in two independent cohorts of patients with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) diagnosis, as differences in the host phenotypic features—from moderate to severe obesity—may be associated with significant changes in the microbial DNA profile. Design and methods Liver tissue samples from 116 individuals, comprising of 47 NAFLD overweight or moderately obese patients, 50 NAFLD morbidly obese patients elected for bariatric surgery and 19 controls, were analysed using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Liver bacterial DNA profile significantly differs between morbidly obese and non-morbidly obese patients with NAFLD. Bacteroidetes (p=1.8e-18) and Firmicutes (p=0.0044) were over-represented in morbidly obese patients and Proteobacteria (p=5.2e-10)—specifically Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, and Deinococcus-Thermus (p=0.00012)—were over-represented in the non-morbidly obese cohort. Cohort-specific analysis of liver microbial DNA signatures shows patterns linked to obesity. The imbalance in Proteobacteria (Alpha or Gamma) among non-morbidly obese patients, and Peptostreptococcaceae, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria and Gamma Proteobacteria DNA among morbidly obese patients was associated with histological severity. Decreased amounts of bacterial DNA from the Lachnospiraceae family were associated with more severe histological features. Proteobacteria DNA was consistently associated with lobular and portal inflammation scores. Microbial DNA composition corresponded to predicted functional differences. Conclusion This is the first comprehensive study showing that the liver tissue of NAFLD patients contains a diverse repertoire of bacterial DNA (up to 2.5×104 read counts). The liver metataxonomic signature may explain differences in the NAFLD pathogenic mechanisms as well as physiological functions of the host.


OBJECTIVE
After developing criteria for epidemic periods for 16 infectious diseases, we investigated temporal (annual and monthly) and geographical (regional) variation in epidemics.

METHODS
Data from an infectious disease surveillance system for the years 1993 to 1997 were used for the analysis. The weekly number of patients per monitoring station was calculated from the data and used in developing criteria for an epidemic period. Based on these latter, we calculated the average number of epidemics occurring at each public health center in a year, an average length of the epidemic period, and the average number of patients per monitoring station reported during an epidemic period. These figures were used to explore temporal (annual, monthly) and geographical (regional) variation.

RESULTS
With most diseases, the average number of epidemics occurring at a public health center was 0.3-0.5 per year and the average length of an epidemic period was 6-12 weeks. The average number of patients per monitoring station reported during an epidemic period differed according to the diseases. These indices showed that there were few annual differences, but great monthly differences, in most diseases. The average number of epidemics occurring in a public health center showed regional differences with some diseases.

CONCLUSION
Temporal and geographical variation in epidemics for 16 infectious diseases was established by developing criteria for an epidemic period.


LICHEN PLANUS TREATED WITH A COMBINATION OF NICOTINAMIDE AND PENICILLIN. J. FERREIRA-MARQUES. (1949) Aria Derm.-venereol, Stockh., 29, 109. MASSIVE doses of nicotinic acid or its amide cause the itching of lichen planus to disappear, but has no effect on the papules. In 10 cases treated with penicilhn all the lesions healed in 15 days, including intra-buccal lesions ; cases Avere acute and chronic. Penicillin is given up to 3,500,000 units in three-hourly doses, and nicotinic acid amide 0*2 g. is given at each injection by mouth and then continued in smaller doses up to 15 days. * Penicilhn may act by interference Avith the enzymatic biochemistry ofthe inflltrating hoiiphoid cells causing protoplasmic collapse and absorption. 0. A. H.


Objective To explore the method and effect of combined surgery on complex penertrationg trauma.Methods 96 cases of complex perforating corneal trauma were reported, including all patients who underwent combined and sequential surgeries between 2000 and 2002. Among them, 72 cases underwent combined surgery and 24 sequential surgery. Visual outcome are reported with detailed analysis for both series.Results After the follow up for an average of 18.5 months, 61(84.7%) eyes had a visual acuity of at least 0.1, 49(68.1%) had visual 0.3 in combined surgery group; 19 eyes (79.2%) had 0.1 or better,11 eyes (45.8%) had 0.3 or better.Corrected postoperative visual acuity in the combined surgery group was the same as in the sequential surgery group (P0.05).Conclusion The combined surgery for complex perforating corneal trauma has been proved successful,producing good visual result and causing no sight-threatening complications.It could be a good option in selected cases.


This article will address one aspect of the continuing argument about the foundation and meaning of human rights: the conflict between the universality of human rights standards and the particularity of moral perspectives rooted in religious traditions. The modern charter of human rights, formulated by the United Nations in 1948, is called the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. One philosopher has defined human rights as those rights which are "held equally by all human beings."' That is, they are rights which exist and should be respected universally, wherever human beings exist, independent of the economic, social, political, cultural or religious context in which they live. In other words, as the theologian Jurgen Moltmann has put it, "human rights point to a universal community in which alone they can be realized." 2 It is true that most of the nations of the world are in formal agreement with the list of rights proposed in the Universal Declaration, and many have ratified the two U.N. covenants which seek to translate this Declaration into binding legal standards. It is not at all clear, however, that those who give formal assent to the Universal Declaration understand these rights in the same way, nor that they would rank these rights in the same order of priority. This question has surfaced in recent discussions among philosophers and social scientists about the foundation and meaning of human rights


Measuring and foreseeing wind conditions near airports are crucial issues for air traffic safety. Since aircraft manoeuvrability is the worst during takeoff and landing phases, strong air movements near airports such as wake vortices can have dramatic consequences on aircrafts. Wake vortices are created by all the aircrafts. Size and intensity of wake vortices are directly linked to the flight speed and also by plane characteristics, such as weight and wingspan. Even if strong efforts have been done to study and model wake vortices, onsite measurements remain the best way to detect them as they depend a lot on meteorological conditions near airports especially wind and turbulence. Coherent laser radars or LIDARs can be very useful devices for measuring wake vortices on airports. A WINDCUBE 200S developed by LEOSPHERE has been deployed at Charles De Gaulle airport near Paris in the framework of the European project SESAR and the subpackage 12.2.2 dedicated to wake vortices detection in cooperation with THALES AIR SYSTEMS. With specific swept scenarios, the WINDCUBE 200S has been able to detect the wake vortices of heavy, medium and small aircrafts during takeoff and landing. Wake vortices have been monitored for a significant period. A dedicated posttreatment has been developed by the French Aerospace Lab ONERA for computing the cores position of wake vortices and for calculating theirs circulations. Thanks to that post-treatment the evolution of wake vortices trajectories and circulations can be determined. Several analyses have been achieved in order to determine the influence of the wind conditions on the trajectories of wake vortices. A variety of trajectories have been put in front.


Cold hardiness in a strain of laboratory-reared Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) that originally came from a commercial greenhouse was examined. Lethal times (LT) at sub zero temperatures were found for second-larval instars, first and second-pupal instars, and adults. LT50 at −5°C was 56.3–62.6 h for all tested instars and did not differ significantly among ins tars, At −10°C significantly different LT50 values of 32.1, 24.7, and 12.1–15.4 h were found for adults, second-larval instars, and pupal instars, respectively. Supercooling points were measured for adults and second-pupal instar and were found to be significantly different at −21.3°C and −25.1°C, respectively. Supercooling points of adults reared at +25°C did not differ significantly between rearing photoperiods of 16:8 and 8: 16 (L:D) h. F. occidentalis was found not to survive the winter of 1988–1989 in outdoor mesh cages in Denmark. Furthermore, the tolerance to total submergence in water supplied with fertilizer was investigated in four instars of F. occidentalis . LT50 values of 45.3, 32.1–39.6, and 20.7 h were found for second larval instar, pupal instars and adults, respectively.


It has been widely agreed that entrepreneurial strategies lead to the success of firms. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) have been given high priority in Malaysia and identified as one of the engines of economic growth to drive Malaysia toward the New Economic Model (NEM) transformation. This study highlights the impact of Strategic and Competitive Posture of SMEs sector in Malaysia which is perceived as major contributor to the increase in the rate of an organization"s innovation achievement as well as performance. As a preliminary report, this study provides descriptive analysis of the various demographic variables of SMEs under study. This paper concludes by presenting the conceptual framework of innovation in SMEs.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper are to determine: how disasters are used as a theme in advertising; how the public evaluates different ways of using disasters in advertising; what dimensions directly affect these evaluations; and what aspects should be taken into account by an organization that wants or need to develop a campaign after a disaster. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents two studies examining the relationship between catastrophes and advertising in the context of the February 2010 earthquake in Chile. The first study scrutinizes the characteristics of print ads that used this event as their main theme. The second study evaluates the reactions of consumers to different types of post-catastrophe ads. This issue was explored in a survey on the attitudes toward and credibility of these ads and in a qualitative examination, which explored the reasons for the interviewees' evaluation. Findings – The first study identified nine types of advertisements as the most used by advertisers...


Background Participatory approaches are considered essential to ensure community health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous reviews on community participation have explored different aspects of participation in specific contexts, such as public health emergencies, but none has examined participatory approaches both in depth and in breadth across diverse activities during the COVID-19 pandemic and considering diverse communities in all country contexts. This scoping review seeks to: (a) provide an overview of participatory approaches in terms of the features and depth of participation, the breadth of the communities and stakeholders involved, and for what types of activities and interventions in light of the COVID-19 pandemic across all country contexts; (b) explore the challenges and facilitators of participation processes; and (c) analyse to what extent participation impacts community health, including health equity, in the context of a public health emergency. Methods We developed this protocol following the latest JBI guidance on scoping reviews. A comprehensive search strategy combining the concepts of participation, community health, and COVID-19 was used to search the databases of Medline/Ovid, Embase.com, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, APA PsycInfo/Ovid, Global Health/Ovid, ERIC/OvidSP, CINAHL/EBSCOhost, ClinTrials.gov, and the grey literature through Google Scholar. At least two reviewers will perform screening of titles/abstracts and full text using the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined in this protocol. Article characteristics and data on participatory approaches and community health will be charted to provide an overview of the literature, map the variations in participatory approaches and community health, and explore patterns in the links between participation, community health, and the type of activities to address the challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion We anticipate that review findings will contribute to advance innovative thinking about community participation and facilitating better application and integration of participatory approaches to ensure community health in a future public health emergency or in building back better fairer in the new normal.


For pt.I see ibid vol.20, p.769-84, 1987. The new solution to the SU(n) external state labelling problem, proposed in the first paper of this series, is analysed in detail in the SU(3) case in terms of the two complementary chains U(3)*U(3) contains/implies U(3) and U(2, 2) contains/implies U(2)*U(2). The classification of SU(3) coupled states is completed by the labels of an intermediate U(2) irreducible representation hs=(hs1hs2), directly related to King's branching rule for U( 3)*U(3)U(3). For pedagogical purposes, the SU(2) coupled state construction, based upon the complementary chains U(2)*U(2) contains/implies U(2) and U(1, 1) contains/implies U(1)*U(1), is considered first. For both SU(2) and SU(3), it is proved that, in addition to the standard recursion relations, the corresponding Wigner coefficients satisfy recursion relations of a different type, arising from the action of the U(1, 1) or U(2, 2) complementary group generators. A detailed example shows that such complementary recursion relations are quite useful for numerical purposes.


Autism is a developmental disability that provides special challenges to families, schools, and adult support systems. An additional area that is affected by the symptoms of autism is medicine. The deficits associated with autism in the areas of communication and social skills, as well as the prevalence of challenging behavior can interfere with the diagnosis of illnesses and in some cases result in the provision of erroneous treatment. In this article, the authors present two case studies describing individuals with autism whose catastrophic illnesses were misdiagnosed due, at least partially, to their autism. Obstacles to medical diagnosis and treatment are discussed, and recommendations for future research are provided.


Free acetylium ions, obtained in the diluted gas state from the ..gamma.. radiolysis of CH/sub 3/F-CO mixtures, have been allowed to react with methylbenzenes, in the pressure range 380 to 760 Torr, and in the presence of a gaseous base (NH/sub 3/). The gaseous cation has been confirmed to be unreactive toward benzene and toluene, whereas it acetylates the xylenes and the other selected polymethylated benzenes. The relative rates of acetylation have been determined in competition experiments, using mesitylene as the reference substrate. The mechanism of acetylation and subsequent isomerization is discussed, and the substrate and positional selectivity of the free CH/sub 3/CO/sup +/ ion are evaluated, together with its intrinsic steric requirements. Comparison of the gas-phase results with those of related condensed-phase reactions, involving CH/sub 3/CO/sup +/ salts as one of the reactive species, reveals no basic mechanistic differences. Some observed reactivity and selectivity discrepancies, in particular those concerning acetylation of toluene, aro-tho- and m-xylene, and hemimellitene, are outlined and their possible causes considered.


Implicit solution to a certain class of non-linear fourth order differential equation is presented. Bounds on sup norm for the derivative of a certain function f involved in the equation with different boundary values, are computed. These bounds provide the rate of convergence of the iterative sequence of approximate solutions obtained by Picard method, to the exact solution.


We study the problem of the Landau gauge fixing in the case of the SU(2) lattice gauge theory. We show that the probability to find a lattice Gribov copy increases considerably when the physical size of the lattice exceeds some critical value $\approx2.75/\sqrt{\sigma}$, almost independent of the lattice spacing. The impact of the choice of the copy on Green functions is presented. We confirm that the ghost propagator depends on the choice of the copy whereas the gluon propagator is insensitive to it (within present statistical errors). The gluonic three-point functions are also insensitive to it. Finally we show that gauge copies which have the same value of the minimisation functional ($\int d^4x (A^a_\mu)^2$) are equivalent, up to a global gauge transformation, and yield the same Green functions.


The possible causes of the transient enlargement of muscle compound action potentials during repetitive stimulation ("pseudofacilitation") are considered. The phenomenon cannot be due to mechanical artefact, while hypersynchronization of the muscle fiber action potentials, the usual explanation, can only make a minor contribution. A more convincing explanation, for which there is now experimental evidence, is that the muscle fibers undergo hyperpolarization, due to the intramuscular release of norepinephrine and consequent stimulation of the electrogenic Na+, K+‐pump. Defective phosphorylation of the Na+, K+‐pump is a possible cause of the transient weakness and myotonia in myotonic dystrophy. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Researchers studying adaptive behavior in human movement systems have traditionally employed simplified, laboratory-based movement models in an effort to conserve experimental rigor. Brunswikian psychology raises questions over the representativeness of many of these popular experimental models for studying how movements are coordinated with events, objects, and surfaces of dynamic environments. In this article we argue that sports provide rich ecological constraints for representative task design in modeling the complex interactions of human performers with their environments. Adopting a functionalist perspective enriched by ideas from ecological psychology and nonlinear dynamics, we consider data from exemplar movement models in basketball and boxing to support this contention. We show that this preference for movement models from sports, although not completely novel, has accelerated over recent years, mainly due to the theoretical re-emphasis on studying the interaction of individual and task constraints. The implications of using such applied models of move ment behavior in studying the design of natural and artificial systems are also discussed.


The Er: YAG laser was proven to successfully ablate enamel. This study was aimed to investigate the applicability of using this laser in preparing the enamel surface for porcelain laminate veneering in comparison with the high speed handpiece regarding the fracture strength loading of the veneers. Twenty human maxillary central incisors extracted were selected. They were divided into two equal groups [group I and group II], group I: High speed handpiece prepared specimens and group II: Er: YAG laser prepared specimens for measuring microleakage by a binocular stereomicroscope. The results of the microleakage assessment showed significant difference in the microleakage scores at the incisal margins of [Gr. I (group I)] the high speed handpiece compared to [Gr. II (group II)] the Er: YAG laser and significance comparing the microleakage scores at the cervical margins of both groups (Gr. I) and (Gr. II). Also, there were significant differences comparing incisal to those at the cervical margins of (Gr. I) the high speed handpiece, while in (Gr. II) the Er:YAG laser group, a marked significant difference were found between the microleakage scores at the incisal margins compared to the cervical margins.
Conclusion: The difference in microleakage assessment between laser and the high speed hand piece specimens was significant and affect the longevity of the porcelain laminate veneers


This paper describes how global positioning systems (GPS) are increasingly being used to collect travel data as the cost of the equipment is relatively low and it is capable of providing continuous and accurate spatial information and speed in real time. One such example is the Internet Protocol probe car (IPCar) project in Japan, which equipped probe cars (consisting of taxis and buses) with GPS. The aim of this project is to explore feasible real time applications of IPCar data either as a stand alone data source or with other data sources such as detector counts and automatic vehicle identification (AVI) travel time. The initial focus of this project is to provide travel time information. This study focuses on a data cleansing procedure consisting of 6 steps to determine the origin destination (OD) pattern of the probes. The cleansing process addresses data errors and searches for trip ends and the results show that the cleansed data was accurate in terms of trip length distribution, in particular for trips of more than 1km. The probe data also matched 76%-83% of the trips from an independent data from a taxi management system. The OD pattern gives a macroscopic view of the taxi movement and shows that the main generator and attractor of trips are areas around Sakuragi-cho, Yokohama station, Honmoku, Negishi station and Totsuka. The OD pattern and desired line of the probe car also demonstrate that using taxis as probe vehicles only generate intense data for the small areas heavily serviced by taxis and therefore travel time at a higher level of confidence can only be predicted for these small areas. Future full-scale implementation of the IPCar project may need to consider private cars and other sources of information such as detectors and AVI data, to supplement area with sparse taxi coverage.


The invention provides an ethylene propylene diene monomer composite material, which comprises an ethylene propylene diene monomer component and a polyurethane adhesive, wherein the mass ratio of the ethylene propylene diene monomer component to the polyurethane adhesive is (5-10) to 1. The ethylene propylene diene monomer composite material provided by the invention can be prepared into the product with a three-dimensional shape; the product with the three-dimensional shape is abundant in shape and abundant in color, and can be enjoyed, touched and climbed. Furthermore, the product with the three-dimensional shape is very good in elasticity and very safe in the use process. An experiment result shows that the buffer absorption rate is greater than or equal to 45%.


A new type of long period/small amplitude periodic subcooled flow boiling in a heated microtube at high heat fluxes was identified.The oscillation flow is occurring at the inlet temperature ranging from room to 80℃,and behaves the small amplitude oscillations of outlet temperature and pressure drop with inverse phase.When the heat flux is just beyond that activates the boiling incipience,the oscillation time period is in the range of 50 to 100 seconds.The time period is decreased with increasing the heat flux.Such time period is around 5 to 10 seconds when the heat flux is approaching the critical heat flux.It is also identified that the mass flux in the microtube is insensitive to the applied heat flux over a wide operation range,indicating that the bubble creating and emission is a short process and covers a small percentage of the whole time period.


In order to investigate the multiple scattering characteristics of energy transmission in a random particle layer on a typical rough surface, a high-order iterative method based on radiative transfer equation is proposed in this work. The particles are placed on the rough surface and the height dimension (Z-axis) is divided into several layers. Then the high-order iterative solution can be obtained by using the first-order iteration solution of radiative transfer equation and the rough surface theory. Moreover, the multiple scattering characteristics between particles, as well as between particles and rough surface can be obtained. Numerical results show that the multiple scattering characteristics can be better explored by the proposed high-order iterative method than by the first-order iteration method. All these interactions can be explained by the energy transfer theory. The proposed high-order iterative method can be used as an efficient tool to explain the multiple scattering characteristics and predict the change of the scattering coefficients.


Objective A reverse flow catalytic combustion reactor was designed and experiments were carried out to effectively remove the methane in space station and keep the output gas at a low temperature.Methods While the total flow of input gas was 70 L/min and the temperature of the catalyst was kept at about 500 ℃,the flow direction was switched to ensure that CH4 concentration and temperature of output gas could satisfy requirements.Cordierite was used as the thermal storage.Thermal capacity of cordierite was 750~900 J/(kg·℃),and the highest working temperature was 1350 ℃.Results The temperature of the exit was kept below 60 ℃ and removal efficiency could reach 72%,as the switching time was 8 min.Conclusion The reverse flow catalytic combustion reactor can completely remove low concnetration methane in space station and the output gas can be kept at a low temperature.


TPI's properties as shape memory polymer(SMP),including making samples, heating-oxidation aging and protection, are studied. The influences of the contents of sulfur, carbon black, anti-aging agent and oxidation condition on the TPI mechanical properties and thermal deformation temperature were also studied .The results showed that TPI thermal deformation temperature decreased with increasing sulfur content. The content of sulfur should be less than 2.5 phr in the shape memory materials. The modulus and tensile strength of the samples increased when the carbon black was added . And at the same time, the thermal stimulating temperature of the sample was increased. The anti-aging agent could improve the anti-aging properties of the TPI and raise its thermal stimulating temperature. Anti-aging agent 4010 has a better effect on this system.


We develop an analysis of visual knowledge and the use of pictures in electronic communication. We focus in particular on indexical images, which are at work in our current practice of navigation in multimedia documents and the World Wide Web. For this purpose, we base our study, on the one hand, on semiotics, the core concepts of which were introduced by C.S. Peirce at the beginning of the 20th Century; and, on the other hand, on a more classical historical analysis, in order to point out the deep roots of the notions used in contemporary computer communication. We therefore retrace the history of the 'universal computer language', and link it to that of the 'universal language of images', which has a long tradition in the history of ideas, going back to Cicero's 'Art of Memory' in antiquity and various other mediaeval and Renaissance curiosities.


Recently, many studies on fractional coupled systems involving different sequential fractional derivatives have appeared during the past several years. The paper is dealing with a coupled system of three sequential Caputo fractional differential equations, and the designed system absorbs none of the commutativity and the semigroup properties. The Banach contraction principle is used for proving the existence and uniqueness results. We prove the existence of at least one is obtained by using the Leray–Schauder alternative. The Ulam–Hyers–Rassias stability of the considered system is defined and discussed. An illustrative example is also presented.


The use of nonlinear dynamic analysis provides significant uncertainties on the seismic demand, especially when recorded ground motions are used. As these uncertainties strongly depend on ground motion selection and modification (GMSM) methods, a spectrum-compatibility criterion and a method based on the minimization of the scaling factor are compared in this work. The variability of a representative engineering demand parameter (EDP), obtained by subjecting ten reinforced concrete structures to different groups of records, is investigated through a sensitivity study based on the "Tornado diagram analysis." The results show that the variability of the structural demand produced by the variation of the ground motion profile amplifies significantly with the increase in complexity and irregularity of the structures. More specifically, for regular structures, the selected GMSM criteria provide very similar variability while with the increase of irregularities, the spectrum-compatibility criterion produces a minimization of the demand uncertainty.


For ad hoc mobile networks, parallel wireless relays with space-time modulation have recently been discovered, and their potential to increase network capacity has been found to be significant. In this paper, we provide an analytical study of the diversity factor achievable by two relays with orthogonal space-time modulation. Unlike two transmitters or two receivers in the conventional MIMO setting for which the averaged bit error rate (BER) is proportional to 1/SNR/sup 2/, the averaged BER of two relays is shown to be proportional to ln(SNR)/SNR/sup 2/. This insight explains a difference between the diversity of multiple relays and the diversity of multiple receivers/transmitters. A switching scheme applied to two relays is also analyzed.


There is a growing recognition of the role that e-government has on promoting country attractiveness to foreign investors, hence, governments around the globe are deploying e-government services as a promotion technique that helps eliminating Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) barriers, in particular those related to information retrieval and accessibility, business procedures, bureaucratic protocols facing investors in a host country. This paper addresses the relationship between country attractiveness to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and E-government development of the host country, the study utilized two indices measured in Global Opportunity Index (GOI) measured in E-government Readiness Index (EGRI), Results suggests a significant association between the two measures.


Now that various drugs for treating patients suffering from herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are available (I, 3, 5, 6, 11), it is desirable to give a quick and accurate diagnosis by a method feasible for clinical laboratories. It is also necessary to determine the type of HSV to trace the route of infection as well as to accumulate data for epidemiological analysis. Isolation of the virus from patients followed by a microneutralization test for viral identification and typing (8, 12), if performed within a short period of time, would serve these purposes. The isolation rate seems to be nearly 100% when a suitable transport medium and adequate cells are used (9). However, in this procedure, we have to spend days for preparation of monolayer cultures of an appropriate cell age, observation of cytopathic effect (CPE) and the final neutralization test. To shorten the whole process, we used the clinical specimens directly in a microneutralization test in parallel with conventional cell inoculation. The results were satisfactory in that more than 90% of the isolation-positive specimens could be identified within 3 days by means of the direct assay. Outpatients visiting the Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, suspected of having herpetic infections were examined by applying a skin swab to the lesion. Just before use, the swab was soaked in divalent cation-free phosphate buffered saline (2) containing 1,000 p,g of streptomycin and 5,000 units of penicillin per ml. After rubbing the lesion, the swab was quickly squeezed into 2 ml of a transport medium which consisted of either Earle's saline plus 0.5% lactalbumin hydrolysate and 0.1 % yeast extract or Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with 0.11 % NaHCOa and 20% inactivated calf serum. The tube was rubber-stoppered and kept frozen until tested. The suspension was thawed only once and passed through a Millipore membrane of 0.45-p, porosity. No special pretreatment to prevent viral adsorption to the membrane was necessary in this case (8). In most cases, the direct assay was performed simultaneously with inoculation of cells according to the conventional procedure. In the direct assay, the clinical


The Fourier Transform of a line spread function, the O.T.F., can be accurately approximated by the moments of the line spread function. This relation is used to show that the second moment is an excellent single parameter estimate of a system's M.T.F. The second moment is easy to compute and offers many advantages in determining the performance of asymmetric imagery. The overall performance of the system can be predicted by a single universal image quality template.


The present work approaches the following theme: Inclusion in focus: a study of in case on a deficient one that it possesses deafblindness in the regular teaching. When this theme is emphasized has is interested in the study on the inclusion of the people with deficiency. Like this, the research problem is to look for to know how it happens the process of a child's inclusion deaf-blinds in the regular teaching. For that we established as objectives of this study: to Understand the process of a child's inclusion deaf-blinds in the regular teaching; to do an abbreviation study of the historical path of the deficiency, verifying that it forms if he/she gives the inclusion process in the regular teaching; to study the concept of deaf-blindness, contemplating of the teaching process and a child's learning with special needs; to Identify the historical path of the deficiency, verifying that it forms if he/she gives the inclusion process in the regular teaching; to study the concept of deaf-blindness, contemplating of the teaching process and a child's learning with special needs; to appear through the research that it forms if gives the process of a deaf-blind student's teaching learning in school atmosphere; to show through worked activities the evolution of the deaf-blind student's process teaching learning without verbal communication until the moment in the school atmosphere where is inserted and to write through the accomplished studies them forms that it happens the inclusion process and the organization of the process of teaching learning for a child with deaf-blindness in the research atmosphere. The used method is the monographic and the research is of the applied type with case study. It was used as data collection instrument a questionnaire and the answers were analyzed, confronting the theoretical aspects of the inclusion and the school reality.


On July 9–10, 2012, Professor Martin Bauer organized a third conference on text mining at the London School of Economics. Invited participants came from computer science and different social science disciplines. They were united by a common interest in texts and the extraction of meaning from those texts. They were divided by the way they approached those texts—their methods, a marker of more fundamental epistemological differences. Social scientists ranged in their approach. There are the content analysts who rely on CAQDAS packages to deal with text, either qualitatively, employing CAQDAS only as an organizational tool, or quantitatively, querying the codes they produce in CAQDAS for cross-relations, exporting the results, and analyzing these in statistical packages (SPSS, STATA, R), as do Michael White, Maya Judd, and Simone Poliandri (this volume, 2012:43–76). There are those who distance themselves from the text, relying on semi-automated approaches in the French tradition of analyse des données (e.g., using such software as Alceste or Lebart's Dtm-Vic). The larger the body of text to be analyzed, the more likely social scientists are to look for automatic, quantitative solutions. And that's where social and computer scientists meet. The textual analysis tools that computer science data miners have developed tend to work well only when dealing with ''millions of words,'' as Professor Nello Cristianini, a computer scientist at Bristol, UK, put it at the conference: ''Modern AI is driven by large text corpora.'' Their algorithms do allow them to reveal important properties of content, whether about topic, style, or even narrative structure. It is that narrative structure (the sequence of SVO of actors and their actions), that I painfully extract from text by hand, in my Quantitative Narrative Analysis approach—an approach that falls squarely in the category of those who treat text qualitatively but analyze the results quantitatively. Contrary to purely qualitative scholars, I am hoping (and optimistic) that computer scientists will one day put us out of our misery of hand coding. Thus, ultimately, I share what the authors write about CAQDAS approaches: that ''the researcher always has ready access to the underlying qualitative data (e.g.,


Prostatic sarcoma is an extremely rare type of adult non-epithelial malignant tumour of prostate. We report a case of 51 years o ld man with the urinary outflo w obstruction which co mp licated to external co mpression to the rectum causing intestinal obstruction. Patient had histologically proven fro m p rostate biopsy which showed pleomorphic prostate sarcoma. He had a co mplete staging assessment and it was advanced disease; prostate sarcoma with local infilt ration and distant metastasis to the lung. Pelvic ultrasound was arranged for evaluation of prostate, to look for evidence of prostate abscess or prostatitis. However the result didn't show any ev idence of that. It revealed prostatomegaly with volu me of 230 cm 3 . The d iagnosis was further in d ilemma. Transrectal Ultrasonography (TRUS) with prostate biopsy was planned but failed because of unbearable pain. CT-Scan Thorax and Abdomen performed to co mplete the cancer staging and it showed there's evidence of lung metastasis. Patient current staging did not suitable for any surgical intervention and underwent a course of radiotherapy. Radiotherapy is a better option for patient survival.


This manuscript presents two independent studies on the fluid dynamics of planetary interiors.

The first part of this manuscript is a numerical study of thermal convection and magnetic field generation driven by internal heating in rotating spheres; a configuration appropriate for planetary cores prior to inner-core nucleation. For sufficiently vigorous convection, we find that the flow becomes strongly asymmetric with respect to the equator; this result contrasts with previously published studies of convection in spherical shells (i.e. with an inner core) where the flow is essentially symmetric. An antisymmetric and axisymmetric (EAA) mode then strongly influences the total flow and conflicts with the Taylor-Proudman theorem. We show that this spontaneous emergence of antisymmetric flow components induces localized magnetic fields with up to 90% of the total magnetic energy contained in a single hemisphere. Our results suggest a parsimonious scenario to explain the hemispherical crustal magnetic field of Mars.

In the second part of this manuscript, we present experiments on the instability and fragmentation of blobs of a heavy liquid released into a lighter immiscible liquid. These processes likely occurred on a massive scale during the formation of the Earth and its core, when dense liquid metal blobs were released within deep molten silicate magma oceans. During the fragmentation process, we observe deformation of the released fluid, formation of filamentary structures, capillary instability, and eventually drop formation. We find that, at low and intermediate Weber number (which measures the importance of inertia versus surface tension), the fragmentation regime results from the competition between a Rayleigh-Taylor instability and the roll-up of a vortex ring. At sufficiently high Weber number (the relevant regime for core formation), the large-scale flow behaves as a turbulent vortex ring or a turbulent thermal: it forms a coherent structure with self-similar shape during the fall and grows by turbulent entrainment of ambient fluid. An integral model based on the entrainment assumption, and adapted to buoyant vortex rings with initial momentum, is consistent with our experimental data. Such results provide the relevant framework for the development of geochemical core formation models that incorporate fluid dynamic constraints.


The characteristics of cotton growth simulation model COTTON2K were briefly introduced. Validation to COTTON2K was done by using the cotton data of Xinjiang in 2002 and 2003 and the problems in the validation are put forward.


We propose an algorithm for fusing infrared and visible images, which is based on a shiftable complex directional pyramid transform and a SUSAN edge detector. When fusing the low-pass sub-band coefficients, we employ a weightedaveraging rule based on local normalized energy. When fusing the directional highpass sub-bands coefficients, the SUSAN edge detector is utilized to generate a decision map and guide the fusion process. In order to reduce the computational complexity, we calculate the SUSAN edge response only once directly for each source image. We evaluate our fusion algorithm on a standard TNO Image Fusion Dataset, using comparisons with a number of traditional fusion algorithms. The experimental results testify that our algorithm is efficient and feasible. Moreover, it is superior to the traditional algorithms from the viewpoints of subjective evaluation and objective fusion metrics.


Based on analyzing the vertical response characteristic of conventional acoustic logging, researching thoroughly the very complex nonlinear relationship between conventional acoustic slowness log with low resolution and slowness log with high resolution, forecasting model is established using training samples consisting of key wells' slowness curves with high, low vertical resolution to create the other well's slowness curve with higher vertical resolution by means of Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) technique. Some 8 wells in Daqing Oilfield are selected as object of establishing model and forecasting. As shown in the practical applications, the average relative error of high resolution acoustic slowness log predicted is 6.80%, the maximum average relative error is 24.8% at 1.631 km while the minimum average relative error is 0.06% at 1.629 km. Therefore,it has wide application perspective.


Excerpt Despite more than 4 decades of extensive clinical experience with phenytoin sodium, reports of important hepatic dysfunction induced by this anticonvulsant drug are uncommon (1). The clinic...


The present essay is a study on one of the most original contributions proposed by Gaston Bachelard to the poetic interpretation of literary works: rythmanalysis or rythmanalytic method. Inspired on microphysics principle of complementarity, rythmanalysis aims at aprehending the ambiguous and ambivalent operation of imagination, which indulges in harmonizing contrary movements. First, the concept's origin is tracked in two essays from the book Etudes (Studies). In a second moment, we follow it up to its consumation in the investigation the philosopher undertakes on time in La dialectique de la duree (The Dialectics of Duration). Finally, the concept is shown at full hermeneutic blossom in the collected articles that make up Le droit de rever (The Right to Dream), in which the works of artists as distinct as Mallarme, Poe, Rimbaud, Eluard, Michelet and Balzac are poetically and rythmanalytically appraised.


We have recently demonstrated that it is possible to obtain spin-resolved valence band spectra with a very high degree of spin polarization from macroscopically non-magnetic transition metal materials if the excitation light is circularly polarized and has an energy close to the cation 2p3/2 (L3) white line. Using the layered compound Sr2CuO2Cl2 as a test system, we report in this paper that the degree of spin polarization is strongly dependent on the transition metal 3d orbital orientation relative to the Poynting vector of the light.