We present the design and results of experimental verification methods for ultra-low-power digital circuits based on the recently introduced energy-efficient single flux quantum (eSFQ) logic. Similar to another low-power SFQ logic, ERSFQ, eSFQ circuits make use of superconducting dc bias current dividers and thus avoid static power dissipation. As a result, per-gate power dissipation is reduced by two orders of magnitude as compared to conventional rapid single flux quantum and static power dissipation is zero. The eSFQ circuits are fabricated using the HYPRES standard 4.5 kA/cm2 process. We integrate a low-pass analog-to-digital modulator with our eSFQ deserializer to enable testing at high speed. In this paper, we demonstrate the viability and performance metrics of eSFQ circuits through functional and high-speed tests. Specifically, we confirmed correct operation and present measured parameter margins.


The binding of superantigenic bacterial toxins to MHC class II (Ia) molecules initiates the activation of diverse immune cells including T and B lymphocytes, monocytes and natural killer cells. Two major mechanisms account for the activation of immune cells by bacterial superantigens. The first mechanism involves the engagement of the V0 component of the TCR by toxin / Ia complexes resulting in T-cell activation and proliferation. The second mechanism involves the transduction via Ia molecules of signals that result in the activation of Ia+ immune cells including B lymphocytes, monocytes. activated natural killer cells and activated T lymphocytes. The following review will focus on the immunomodulatory effects exerted by bacterial superantigens via Ia molecules, using staphylococcal exotoxins (SE) as model bacterial superantigens. We will examine the nature of signals transduced by superantigens via Ia molecules, the mechanisms governing their transduction across the plasma membrane, and their functional relevance.


Objective: In this review of the Cogmed training program, we discuss its theoretical foundations, materials, the intervention program, use of coaches, customer support, and research support. Method: This review was conducted by means of first-hand exploration of the Cogmed training program in conjunction with a critical synthesis of existing empirical literature. Results: We conclude that Cogmed has the potential to help individuals improve working memory capabilities and focused attention. Conclusion: More research is needed to demonstrate if these changes in working memory and focused attention are enduring and generalizable.


An investigation of the numerical simulation with two-equation turbulence models of a three-dimensional hypersonic intersecting (SWTBL) shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction flow is presented. The flows are solved with an efficient implicit upwind flux-difference split Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes code. Numerical results are compared with experimental data for a flow at Mach 8.28 and Reynolds number 5.3x10(exp 6) with crossing shock-waves and expansion fans generated by two lateral 15 fins located on top of a cold-wall plate. This experiment belongs to the hypersonic database for modeling validation. Simulations show the development of two primary counter-rotating cross-flow vortices and secondary turbulent structures under the main vortices and in each corner singularity inside the turbulent boundary layer. A significant loss of total pressure is produced by the complex interaction between the main vortices and the uplifted jet stream of the boundary layer. The overall agreement between computational and experimental data is generally good. The turbulence modeling corrections show improvements in the predictions of surface heat transfer distribution and an increase in the strength of the cross-flow vortices. Accurate predictions of the outflow flowfield is found to require accurate modeling of the laminar/turbulent boundary layers on the fin walls.


The article is devoted to the problems of increasing the efficiency of technological preparation production through the development and implementation of an electronic database of tool setups. In the paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of the existing process for the development of NC-programs, and a methodology for automating the process of conducting tool setups, allowing to reduce the laboriousness of designing manufacturing processes for machining of parts on CNC machines. And also, the calculation results are given the economic efficiency of the project and the prospects for its development.


A significant amount of attention in scientific literature has been given to the Brazil nut effect.These studies have revealed several different mechanisms behind the segregation.Many research support that"void filling"due to low-pressure when the granular subjected to vibration leads to the large particles at the top.Until now,all of the studies on these effects have been conducted under the condition that the bottom of the container was closed. The low-pressure region exists in the bed and the pressure gradient direction changes periodically under this condition. We blew air from through a perforated distributor to the granular bed in the study so as to ensure low-pressure region did not exist in the bed.The segregation of different disk-shaped intruders in a pseudo-2D granular bed consisting of 2mm molecular sieve beads under vertical vibration and blowing air was studied.The intruders used were polymethyl methacrylate.The diameter ratio ranged from 2.0 to 7.0,and the relative density from 0.33 to 3.62.We observed the Brazil nut effect successively when low-pressure region did not exist in the bed.The experimental results revealed that the low-pressure region in each shaking cycle could not be the main reason for the Brazil nut effect.The phase difference between the intruder and the bed beads due to different frequency between vibration exciter and the granular is the mechanism of the vibration-induced segregation.


Content of rotenone in Derris and Tephrosia vogelii were determined by HPLC.The results in the experiment showed that the content of rotenone varied in varieties,plant growing stages(PGS) and regions of plants grown.The PGS of the highest content of rotenone in the root of D.elliptica,D.malaccensis,D.albo-rubra,and D.marginata were all in April except that D.glauca was in November.The highest content of rotenone of plant varieties is 3.13%in the root of D.albo-rubra in April.The highest content of rotenone in Tephrosia vogelii is 0.43% in the leaf and 0.25% in the stem in Baoan county Guangdong Province.The results may be useful for spreading and picking them.


ABSTRACT In the solid state, uranyl-salophen complex 1, decorated with bipyridyl sidearms, self-assembles from moist acetonitrile into dimeric species displaying a confined water pentamer, as observed by X-ray diffraction on single crystals. The linear water cluster is incarcerated within the dimeric cavity by coordination to the Lewis acidic uranyl centres and by a network of hydrogen bonds established with the pyridinic nitrogen atoms on the sidearms. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


While monolithic satellite missions still pose significant advantages in terms of accuracy and operations, novel distributed architectures are promising improved flexibility, responsiveness, and adaptability to structural and functional changes. Large satellite swarms, opportunistic satellite networks or heterogeneous constellations hybridizing small‐spacecraft nodes with high‐performance satellites are becoming feasible and advantageous alternatives requiring the adoption of new operation paradigms that enhance their autonomy. While autonomy is a notion that is gaining acceptance in monolithic satellite missions, it can also be deemed an integral characteristic in Distributed Satellite Systems (DSS). In this context, this paper focuses on the motivations for system‐level autonomy in DSS and justifies its need as an enabler of system qualities. Autonomy is also presented as a necessary feature to bring new distributed Earth observation functions (which require coordination and collaboration mechanisms) and to allow for novel structural functions (e.g., opportunistic coalitions, exchange of resources, or in‐orbit data services). Mission Planning and Scheduling (MPS) frameworks are then presented as a key component to implement autonomous operations in satellite missions. An exhaustive knowledge classification explores the design aspects of MPS for DSS, and conceptually groups them into: components and organizational paradigms; problem modeling and representation; optimization techniques and metaheuristics; execution and runtime characteristics and the notions of tasks, resources, and constraints. This paper concludes by proposing future strands of work devoted to study the trade‐offs of autonomy in large‐scale, highly dynamic and heterogeneous networks through frameworks that consider some of the limitations of small spacecraft technologies.


Globalization and the borderless marketplace have created an opportunity for companies to come together to work on projects that could otherwise not be completed through the efforts of one or two companies acting independently. The formation of virtual enterprise networks combines the advantages of the various core competencies of members of the network to deliver customer satisfaction. Virtual enterprise networks consist of several firms that can be geographically dispersed, and that might be technically disparate in terms of system platforms. Coordination among members of the network and the the transfer of quality products and services among members of the network are the key factors in achieving success. The proposed framework presented in this paper utilizes a multi‐agent model to monitor quality within a virtual enterprise network to ensure that the processes among members run smoothly and efficiently.


Abstract In the growing age of social media, people express their emotions in the form of pictures, videos and text. And these emotions often affect a person's life in many aspects. The main aim of this study was to examine how people of the most literate cities of India post different emotions through pictures on Instagram. In our work we have created a dataset of 60,000 Instagram posts for the top 200 literate cities in India, 300 posts for each city. The analysis of this dataset shows that 80% of the images consist of happy emotion, neutral in 82%, sadness in 43%, contempt in 47%, surprise in 20%, and for disgust and fear it is 9% and 6% respectively.


The climatic features and changes, the precipitation distribution, the temperature and the sunlight are analyzed with the data of five weather stations in the middle and western Chengdu Plain. The results show that the mean temperature is of quasi four year oscillation period, the precipitation and sunshine is decreased and the air temperature is increased since 1990's in this area.


Method for operating a direct-injection internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder (6), wherein each cylinder (6) for directly introducing fuel into the cylinder (6) with an injection device (1) is equipped, which has a movable closing body which forcibly controlled in the context of an injection at least two in a housing of the injection device (1) provided openings (3, 3a, 3b) connecting the purpose of introduction of fuel into the cylinder (6) with a fuel supply system and thus releases, wherein the movable closure body in a resting position at least two openings (3, 3a, 3b) separates from the fuel supply system and thus blocked and in an operating position the at least two openings (3, 3a, 3b) to the fuel supply system, characterized in that, starting from a working position in which the at least two openings (3, 3a, 3b) are connected to the fuel supply system, the closing body is transferred to the rest position, wherein at least two openings (3, 3a, 3b) (the injection device 1) are offset in time separated from the fuel supply system in succession, in such a way that at least one opening (3, 3a) is already completely separated from the fuel supply system, while at least one other opening (3, 3b) is still connected to the fuel supply system.


Guidelines for the expansion franchise, and the choice of location to improve sales case study is a qualitative research Aue furniture. The objective of the research To study ways to extend the franchise to raise business efficiency even more. And correspond to the selected location to increase sales case study is a qualitative research Aue furniture. The samples used in the research is that executive's franchiser Franchise Business Furniture Stores Aue field of 3 members.The results of the study Choosing the location is one that suits the business due to the availability in all the nearby material resources and convenient transportation. Select a lot of people staying. The prospect of higher sales. The operator locates the urban community. Large set apart from its competitors. Focus location near home And a factory worker Product advantages make it very clear that customers will shop furniture Aue quality, good service. A good relationship with customers Available at a diverse selection than other stores. Creating a unique and distinctive stores. Remember to keep customers and build a better relationship after sales. To make an impression on customers


Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) investigations of the piezoelectric polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymer with trifluoroethylene (TrFE) in their various crystalline phases are reviewed, and suggestions for future work are made.


A kind of infectious mode with short or long incubation period is discussed and thus an equation system with a small parameter is induced.By using the boundary layer method of the singular perturbation and asymptotic analysis, a uniformly useful asymptotic solution is obtained.


SINCE the clinical method of testing the potency of liver extracts is a lengthy and only roughly quantitative procedure, a laboratory method of assay would be advantageous. Watson, Cameron and Wi ttsl described the incidence of a macrocytic anzmia resembling human Addisonian pernicious anremia in albino rats in which a blind loop, tending to fill by peristalsis, had been made in the small intestine. The anzmia responded to treatment with liver extract : it seemed possible, therefore, that this technique could be used to develop an assay method. The following experiments were undertaken with this object in view. The operation described by Watson, Cameron and Witts (Zoc. cit.), was performed on 15 female and 89 male albino rats. These rats and 28 control animals (10 female and 18 male) were maintained on the diet given in Table I. TABLE I DIET Casein (light white) . . . . . . 25 per cent. Rice Starch . . . . . . . . 68 ,, ,, Cod-liver oil . . . . . . . . 2 9 , ,, . . ' . 2 9 , 9 , Arachis oil . . . . Salt mixture . . . . . . . . 3 ,, 9,


: Despite the worldwide increasing prevalence of students with disabilities (SWD) in the general education environment, pre-service educators (PSE) are still reporting negative attitudes before and after taking coursework regarding SWD. Service-learning may be one method for improving the perceptions of PSEs towards SWD. Prior research has not investigated service-learning for PSE with SWD using change and transformative theory to understand changes. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to determine whether a service-learning activity positively influences PSE perceptions regarding the inclusion of SWD in the general education environment using a modified sentiments, attitudes, and concerns protocol. Results indicate that PSEs can positively change their perceptions concerning SWD in their future classrooms.


In this paper, we propose an external optical feedback resistant distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode (LD) by exploiting parity-time symmetric complex coupling. With its complex refractive index followed a parity-time symmetry, the grating shows a strongly asymmetric reflection to the contra-propagating light inside the DFB cavity, which effectively rejects the returning light from one end. Consequently, the DFB LD is much less sensitive to external optical feedback. On the contrary, the transmissivity of such grating is still symmetric so that the output light of the DFB LD is not affected. Numerical simulation result shows that the lasing wavelength drift can be less than 0.2 nm with a SMSR exceeding 45 dB under a coherent external optical feedback as high as -10 dB.


On December 12, 1991, Lawrence Summers, chief economist of the World Bank, sent a memorandum to some of his colleagues presenting views on the environment that are doubtless widespread among orthodox economists, reflecting as they do the logic of capital accumulation, but which are seldom offered up for public scrutiny, and then almost never by an economist of Summers' rank. This memo was later leaked to the British publication, The Economist, which published part of it on February 8, 1992, under the title "Let Them Eat Pollution."This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


Research efforts relating to the positioning of a tourism destination have centred upon 1) understanding the attributes and/or 2) image of the destination. This has assisted researchers to understand how a destination/s is perceived by tourists or tourism stakeholders. However, despite a relatively long level of academic enquiry into destination positioning, little is known about whether tourism stakeholders and tourists differ in their perceptions of how a destination is positioned. A single case study method was employed to identify whether positioning similarities or differences existed between these groups at a regional tourism destination. Results indicated that despite some similarities in the image and attributes between the two groups, tourism stakeholders and tourists largely perceive the positioning of the destination differently. This paper argues that both tourism stakeholders and tourists' views need to be taken into consideration for destination planning and management in order to overcome discrepancies in intended and received messages.


This paper presents a review of proposed algorithms for power system frequency and amplitude tracking based on sample comparison, Clarke transformation, Zero-Crossings (ZC), Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT), Gauss-Newton (GN) search, and Maximum Likelihood (ML) concepts. The aim is to identify their performance, strengths and weaknesses, under present power system conditions, proposing some improvements, and assessing them with real measured signal disturbances.


Method: 66 global firms, of any size, were randomly selected from all global firms headquartered in Tokyo, Silicon Valley environs, and Berlin. 40 employees in each of the 66 were randomly selected and given a survey instrument measuring which of 60 creativity models, which of 60 innovation models, they or others used at work how frequently and intensely, and which, in their opinion, produced the most novelty of results as seen and rewarded by their bosses and firms. Results: Six patterns (in terms of which of the 120 models were present and used intensely) appeared when the data were hierarchically clustered and factor analyzed. Six clusters, each having from 6 to 11 firms, were found and put in order by amount of total novelty achieved. All firms in each cluster had the models indicated on the results table in this paper (plus extra models less intensively done and/or producing less overall novelty of result). Fill in items were used to specify in this paper what differences besides creativity and innovation models used, distinguished the clusters. Research questions: Is creativity one thing as actually done by firms? Is innovation one thing as actually done by firms? Is the ratio - of amount of models (for creativity versus innovation), of the intensity of applying of models (for creativity versus innovation) - descriptive-of/predictive - of differences in total novelty achieved among firms? Do all firms evolve along some sort of models of creativity/innovation scale when they come to produce more overall novelty achieved? Which extant models of creating or innovating in a firm, if done more intensely would most improve total novelty achieved? Which missing models of creating and innovating in a firm, if done somewhat would most improve total novelty achieved? Would more novelty be achieved by more intensely doing existing model or by doing models now missing?


Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) bearing hydroxyl groups (MWNTols) on the exterior surface have been synthesized by an alkaline-mediated hydrothermal treatment of MWNTs under autogenous pressure at 180 °C. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the content of hydroxyl groups increases with the concentration of sodium hydroxide utilized. FT-IR spectroscopy shows that hemiketals were incorporated into the structure of MWNTols. The prepared MWNTols are highly soluble in polar solvents such as water, methanol, butanone and tetrahydrofuran, to give robust stable black solutions. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the diameter, length and morphology of MWNTs are well retained in MWNTols. MWNTols are redox active on their exterior surface, where hydroxyl groups, upon reaction with Ce(IV) ions, transform to radical species and initiate polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM).


. This article conducts an in-depth investigation of International Opportunity Recognition in a Born Digital Start-up based on how entrepreneurs' decisions drive the new firm's internationalization behaviour and explores the role of digital capabilities possessed by the entrepreneurs. Accordingly, the aim of this research is to enhance our understanding of entrepreneurs' digital capabilities and their decision-making logic regarding internationalization within a Born Digital Start-up using effectuation as a theoretical approach. A qualitative and interpretive method is used for this purpose in a single case setting . The primary data collection method was in-depth interviews conducted with two of the founders of the case company and two members of their management team. Moreover, an inductive analysis was applied. In doing so, this study offers novel and significant perspectives for the fields of Digital and International Entrepreneurship, as well as from the lens of effectuation theory.


Computed Tomography (CT) is a prominent example of Imaging Inverse Problem (IIP), highlighting the unrivalled performances of data-driven methods in degraded measurements setups like sparse X-ray projections. Although a significant proportion of deep learning approaches benefit from large supervised datasets to directly map experimental measurements to medical scans, they cannot generalize to unknown acquisition setups. In contrast, fully unsupervised techniques, most notably using score-based generative models, have recently demonstrated similar or better performances compared to supervised approaches to solve IIPs while being flexible at test time regarding the imaging setup. However, their use cases are limited by two factors: (a) they need considerable amounts of training data to have good generalization properties and (b) they require a backward operator, like Filtered-Back-Projection in the case of CT, to condition the learned prior distribution of medical scans to experimental measurements. To overcome these issues, we propose an unsupervised conditional approach to the Generative Latent Optimization framework (cGLO), in which the parameters of a decoder network are initialized on an unsupervised dataset. The decoder is then used for reconstruction purposes, by performing Generative Latent Optimization with a loss function directly comparing simulated measurements from proposed reconstructions to experimental measurements. The resulting approach, tested on sparse-view CT using multiple training dataset sizes, demonstrates better reconstruction quality compared to state-of-the-art score-based strategies in most data regimes and shows an increasing performance advantage for smaller training datasets and reduced projection angles. Furthermore, cGLO does not require any backward operator and could expand use cases even to non-linear IIPs.


Evapotranspiration and other surface-energy balance components of a wet prairie community dominated by Panicum hemitomon (maiden cane), Ptilimnium capillaceum (mock bishop's weed), and Eupatorium capillifolium (dog fennel) in Central Florida, USA were investigated. Drought conditions resulted in water-table levels from 0.58 to 1.20 m below ground level and variable soil wetness conditions during the observation period. Energy-balance measurements were made using the eddy correlation approach. The overall evapotranspiration rate was 4.16 mm d−1, and the average Bowen ratio was 0.42. Energy partitioning had an enhanced sensible heat-flux component and a dampened latent heat-flux component when the volumetric soil water content was less than or equal to 0.09 for the sandy soil. Evapotranspiration was classified into a two stages, first stage (wet) and second stage (dry) based on the soil water availability. The Penman-Monteith model gave good results for the first stage evapotranspiration. The Priestly-Taylor and the Penman models overstimated first stage evapotranspiration. A simple second stage evapotranspiration model, developed by applying a reduction factor based on soil moisture to the Penman-Monteith model, provided improved estimates of evapotranspiration for second stage observations.


In this contribution, the current state of naturalization of Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S. M. Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) in Argentina is discussed. This variety is considered invasive in Misiones province and naturalized in Buenos Aires province, based on floristic and ethnobotanical researches. A description of the variety, iconography, geographical distribution, reproductive biology, vernacular names, uses, expansion mechanisms, observations, and reference material are also presented


Preparation of Muscle Hemoglobin.-The method of preparing muscle hemoglobin may be described as follows: The animal is freed from blood by the technic used in other experiments to wash out plasma proteins. Under ether anesthesia cannulas are tied into the carotid and jugular vessels. A Ringer's solution with 5% glucose at body temperature is injected by gravity into the jugular vein at the same speed as blood is drawn from the carotid. By slow and careful simultaneous bleeding and transfusion one can reduce the red cell hematocrit from 50% (or normal) to very low values of '2 to 3%. When the heart stops the thorax is opened immediately, a cannula placed in the first part of the aorta, the right auricle incised and gravity perfusion continued freely at a pressure of about 100 cm. of solution for a few minutes, utilizing 3 to 4 liters of perfusate. The two instances in which the muscle hemoglobin solutions gave slight precipitin reactions for dog blood hemoglobin were experiments in which this gravity perfusion was omitted. The procedure obviously washes out the last traces of circulating blood. Massage of trunk, back, thorax and extremities is continued during the last perfusion period. Then the thoracic and abdominal viscera are rapidly removed and further massage of the muscles is continued to remove any traces of perfusate. The various muscles are then dissected free with no loss of time, rinsed and massaged in physiologic salt solution. The tissue is then dried with a towel and care is taken to remove any gross fat or fascia. The bloodfree muscles are ground in a meat grinder and the tissue diluted with four volumes by weight of distilled water or 0.4% ammonia solution. The ammonia solution gives more complete extraction of the hemoglobin from the muscle. The mixture is thoroughly stirred and placed in an icebox (2 to 4 C.) over night. This red solution is now strained through cloth and cleared in large part by centrifugalization which also remove troublesome fat, then filtered through paper. The solution may then be passed through a coarse Berkefeld filter and finally through a finer one to remove any bacteria remaining. This last procedure removes a good deal of muscle hemoglobin but is necessary for certain experiments. The solutions of muscle hemoglobin used in these experiments contained from 600 to 800 mgm. muscle hemoglobin per 100 gmin. muscle. The sterile clear red solution was then shipped in sealed containers by mail for the precipitin tests to be described. A general description of the various methods used for analysis is given in a recent paper.'


12C+12C resonances were successfully classified in the past using both dipole and quadrupole vibration-rotation based phenomenological models. The last such analysis was performed in 1983. Since then, more than 20 new resonances have been reported in 12C+12C. These resonances were incorporated in an extended analysis, the aim of which was to study the possible variations of the model parameters. The results confirm the stability of the parameter values against the inclusion of new data, thus strengthening the credibility of the models.


Occurrence of the home field advantage in high school basketball was examined for percentages of games won at home and away for four male varsity basketball teams from 1968–1988. Statistically significant home advantage for three of the four teams extends previous findings that the difference in the size of the home advantage between sport levels, i.e., college and professional levels within the same sport, is minimal. Results are consistent with the contention that the effects of travel on the size of the home advantage are minimal.


The utility model relates to a crimping terminal of a wire. The crimping terminal of the wire comprises a crimping terminal main body made of an electric conduction material, wherein the crimping terminal main body comprises a crimping terminal first layer and a crimping terminal second layer which are attached to each other; wing parts extending from the two opposite sides of the rear part of the crimping terminal main body are used for crimping the wire to the rear part of the crimping terminal main body; each wing part is provided with a front end and a rear end; and the crimping terminal first layer and the crimping terminal second layer at least extend in a superposition way from the front ends of the wing parts. With the adoption of the crimping terminal of the wire, the problem of overheating of the front part of the crimping terminal main body in the conduction state is solved, and the mechanical connection strength between a wire cramping region and a transition region of the crimping terminal is enhanced.


Nowadays, job characteristics are one of the essential factors that affect and have a relationship between nursing educators' and empowerment. In fact, empowerment is an active process used to analyze the academic environment at different levels. Empowerment has a strong correlation with job performances incorporate to the loyalty of nursing educators to the organization. This study aimed to investigate the perception of job characteristics model and its relationship to leadership empowerment and organizational loyalty among academic nursing educations at the Faculty of Nursing. Methods: A descriptive correlational research design was utilized. This study conducted on 125 academic nursing educators working in 9 scientific departments in the Faculty of Nursing-Alexandria University who were available and willing to participate at the time of data collection. The questionnaires were developed from three standards scales used in collecting data pertaining to this study namely; Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS), Leadership Empowerment Behavior Questionnaire (LEBQ), and Organizational loyalty Questionnaire. The validity of data collection questionnaires was done and reliability was found out using Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficient method. Study data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and support with the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20. The acceptable level, as the recommended value is 0.05 for all statistical measurements were used. The main finding shows a positive significant correlation coefficient between perceptions of job characteristics dimensions and its relationship to leadership empowerment and organizational loyalty among academic nursing educators. Also, they have the highest mean score in job characteristics dimensions of job autonomy and feedback from job itself respectively. Task identity and task significant respectively were having the lowest mean score of job characteristics dimensions. Highest mean scores of academic nursing educators occur in Confidence in high performance and meaningfulness of work in relation to empowerment leadership dimensions. While the lowest mean scores were documented for goal achievement dimension. A significant relationship was observed between socio-demographic characteristics in term of age; years of experiences, educational qualification, and academic department and job characteristics dimensions as well as empowerment leadership and organizational loyalty. The study recommended that the top authority of the Faculty of Nursing has greatly encouraged the implementation of empowerment leadership policy for improving the academic nursing job autonomy, educators' performance through their loyalty to the organization.


The mere mention of the word evalclients as their sole source of input. uation is threatening to many counYet clients are only one source of feed selors. One of the common cries is: back; school counselors are responsible How can an outsider know what I am for all students without regard to doing and thereby provide a legitimate whether individual counseling was re set of criteria by which to judge me? ceived or not. A thorough evaluation Counselors can ensure that they will concerns itself not only with how posi be judged fairly by developing the tively the students view the guidance individual criteria themselves. In so program but also with the extent to doing, they will be beginning a selfwhich students' needs are being met. evaluation. Self-evaluations cannot re


Centella asiatica ('Pegaga' = Malaysia) is well known plant that has been used as one of the ingredients in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Using liquid chromatography with diode array and electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (LC–DAD–ESI/MS) analysis, chemical profiling of three different Pegaga extracts (C. asiatica, H. bonariensis and H. sibthorpioides) revealed variations in their metabolite profile. Our findings showed that triterpenes of C. asiatica were characterized by the ursane-type triterpenes (madecassoside, asiaticoside, madecassic acid, and asiatic acid), while the two Hydrocotyle species consisted of oleanane-type triterpenes (barrigenol derivatives). Other variations are due to the difference in phenolic and flavonoid constituents. The three Pegaga extracts were also evalu-


In this paper, we investigate the effects of channel state information (CSI) compression and feedback delay on the downlink (DL) performance of multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) IEEE 802.11ac systems over dynamic TGac channels with Doppler spread. We show that using degrees of freedom available at receiver side to cancel the MU interference decreases the detrimental effects of CSI imperfections on the performance of 802.11ac wireless local area networks. Fundamentally, we have concluded that iterative real time radio resource algorithms are fundamental to optimize the system configuration since the performance of 802.11ac DL MU-MIMO transceivers depends on a multitude of systems parameters and dynamic random variables.


Experiments were conducted to investigate whcthcr thcre is a trade-off between hunting ability and starvation tolerance in spiderlings of a wandering spider, Rudosa pseudoafmtiJata Boes. et Str. The width ot' thc carapace {the cover ovcr thc ccpha]othorax) was used as an index of hunting abi]ity as a larger carapace was confirmed as being advantageous for capturing prey. Abdomen width was used as an index of starvation to]erance because individuals with largcr abdomens survived longer undcr fasting condition. Etl}]cts of carapacc width und abdomen width on starvation toLcrance were examined using multiple regression analysis. The carapace width was found to have a negativc clTcct but thc abdomcn width had a positive efTect on starvation tolerance. Moreover, the ratio of abdomcn width to carapace width was signMcantly difTerent among clutches. Thcsc results suggested that there is a trade-ofT bctween carapace width and abdomen width, that is. bet"'ccn hunting abi]ity anci starvation to]erance. and also suggcsted that the tradeotl'might be an al]ocation strategy specific to each clutch,


Replacement of fossil fuels with sustainably produced biomass crops for energy purposes has the potential to make progress in addressing climate change concerns, nonrenewable resource use, and energy security. The perennial grass Miscanthus is a dedicated energy crop candidate being field tested in Ontario, Canada, and elsewhere. Miscanthus could potentially be grown in areas of the province that differ substantially in terms of agricultural land class, environmental factors and current land use. These differences could significantly affect Miscanthus yields, input requirements, production practices, and the types of crops being displaced by Miscanthus establishment. This study assesses implications on life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of these differences through evaluating five Miscanthus production scenarios within the Ontario context. Emissions associated with electricity generation with Miscanthus pellets in a hypothetically retrofitted coal generating station are examined. Indirect land use change impacts are not quantified but are discussed. The net life cycle emissions for Miscanthus production varied greatly among scenarios (−90–170 kg CO2eq per oven dry tonne of Miscanthus bales at the farm gate). In some cases, the carbon stock dynamics of the agricultural system offset the combined emissions of all other life cycle stages (i.e., production, harvest, transport, and processing of biomass). Yield and soil C of the displaced agricultural systems are key parameters affecting emissions. The systems with the highest potential to provide reductions in GHG emissions are those with high yields, or systems established on land with low soil carbon. All scenarios have substantially lower life cycle emissions (−20–190 g CO2eq kWh−1) compared with coal‐generated electricity (1130 g CO2eq kWh−1). Policy development should consider the implication of land class, environmental factors, and current land use on Miscanthus production.


The invention provides an attachment adding method which is used for a terminal. The attachment adding method includes the steps: receiving a text message inputted on a current interface of the terminal by a user of the terminal; searching a target resource associated with the text message; displaying the target resource on the current interface, selecting a command according to a received file, and selecting a pre-adding target resource from the target resource; adding the pre-adding target resource serving as an attachment into the current interface. Correspondingly, the invention further provides an attachment adding device. By the aid of the technical scheme, a user does not need to manually search the attachment needing to be added, and the attachment needing to be added is automatically searched according to text contents inputted by the user, so that use experience of the user is improved.


The audit procedure of an enterprise being a partner in the supplier relationship and realizing the concept of the supplier relationship management is described in the article. To attain the aim the author's version of enterprise management concepts development, with each of them including the basic components being the audit objects, is used.


Control system architecture will help eliminate or reduce non-linear behavior of flight motion simulator axes motions. This elimination and reduction will help improve dynamic transparency in HWIL simulations. The control strategy proposed in this paper combines the sliding mode control and the angular acceleration feedback to suppress the influence of payload variation, nonlinear friction and external disturbance torque. The test results indicate this approach significantly improves the simulator performance and presents an effective routine to produce the high fidelity flight motion simulator.


ments with space, equipment, and instructional personnel-where is the principal who is free from this challenge? Most widely discussed are the experiments in staff organization, such as team teaching, accelerated schedules, programed instruction, closed-circuit TV, and other procedures resulting in the regrouping of students and considerable variation in group size in relation to needed instructional personnel. Not so obvious, perhaps, is the expanding recognition of the secondary-school student as a person growing into adulthood, capable of self initiative, ready to assume a greater measure of personal responsibility for his own progress. And not yet generally recognized, but a factor certain to complicate the systematic organization of classes is problem of the deviate-the handicapped, the gifted, the disinterested student, the child from the culturally and economically disadvantaged home. But what is the actual situation in the secondary schools of the larger systems of the nation? How large is the typical class in a given subject, and what are the deviations from the &dquo;average&dquo;? A recently completed study in the NEA Research Division has brought


The invention discloses codfish and beef powder which consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of beef, 80-100 parts of codfish, 50-70 parts of grapefruit, 50-70 parts of snow pear, 20-30 parts of almond, 40-50 parts of purple sweet potato, 20-30 parts of bamboo shoots, 4-5 parts of cinnamon, 5-6 parts of robbers in the greenwood, 4-5 parts of dried orange peel, 5-6 parts of honeysuckle, 5-6 parts of fructus amomi, 4-5 parts of Chinese angelica, 3-4 parts of cherry stone, 3-4 parts of luffa flower 40-50 parts of apple vinegar, and the like. The codfish and beef powder takes the beef and codfish as main raw materials and is rich in nutrition and high in protein content, and the defect that instant noodles are lack of proteins is overcome. Meanwhile, extracts of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, such as the fructus amomi and Chinese angelica, with the effects of invigorating stomach and strengthening the body are added, so that the codfish and beef powder has a good health-care effect, overcomes the deficiency of nutrition in condiments of the traditional instant noodles and is an optimal choice of the condiments of the instant noodles.


A series of uracil substituted s-triazinyl derivatives (U1T, U2T & U3T) were synthesized. All the hybrids were in vitro evaluated for their anti-proliferative activity in human cancer cell lines, namely HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma and normal hepatocytes. Docking studies have been performed with suitable enzyme to study the mode of action. The IC50 values of these compounds showed less viability exhibited in tumor cells compare to normal cells. The hybrid molecules distinguish between cancer cell from normal cell and reducing the toxicity. Finally, a theoretical kinetic study was established to predict the ADME of the active hybrids. These compounds are worthy of further evaluation as anticancer agents.


Forms of participation and engagement of social movements have been undergoing profound changes in recent decades, and have followed the structural and cyclical changes in society. In Brazil and around the world, the resurgence of large mobilizations and demands for democracy show that social, political and cultural struggles have presented new outline strategies and organizational forms that require reflection. In this sense, social participation in health has also followed the flow of social dynamics and reveals interfaces with the environment, the models of development and the organization of society. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a proposal for matrix of analysis of democratic participation and intensity of social movements' actions – in the light of the Boaventura Sousa Santos' concept of democratic intensity. This paper also discusses the process of theoretical and methodological construction, as well as the applicability of this matrix of analysis. This matrix is built since 2010 (Hoefel et al, 2010) and arises primarily linked to research on forms of social participation in health, work and environment in the context of Latin America. It is later reformulated into a second version (Hoefel et al, 2011), built during the development of a survey conducted in the Chapada do Apodi, Ceara region, whose overall objective was to analyze the processes of resistance (participation) and violence in the context of environmental conflicts. The results suggest that the matrix expresses categories of the adopted framework, signaling its potential and its applicability regarding the analysis of democratic participation and intensity of social movements' action.


The House of Representatives moved to eliminate funding for the AIDS Education and Training Centers (AETCs). The network of more than 70 AETC sites in all 50 states constitutes the only health and social service where providers receive continuous training and updates in the field of HIV/AIDS care and treatment. Since 1991, more than 400,000 have had training by the program which is housed at teaching hospitals and other academic institutions around the country. The program is considered to be vital to keep up with new knowledge about HIV/AIDS and is especially important for professionals new to the field. AIDS Action Legislative Representative Javier Salazar and the AIDS Action Council are encouraging health care providers and local and state officials to join in efforts to preserve funding for the program.


Mr. R. R. Woods read a Paper of which the following is an abstract. The full paper will appear in the Journal of Laryngology and Otology. Abstract.-An operation for the radical cure of chronic frontal sinusitis was described. The operation is based upon a technique which aims at complete closure of the frontal duct, and combines obliteration of the sinus with absence of deformity. It consists of complete removal of the lining membrane through the floor of the sinus following by stripping the mucosa from the frontal duct so as to ensure its closure. Precautions to prevent the development of osteomyelitis were described. The way in which healing takes place after such an operation was discussed. Mr. C. Gill-Carey: The mortality of a disease, especially the operative mortality, must influence surgical technique. Before the use of chemotherap'y and antibiotics, frontal sinusitis and frontal sinus surgery carried an appreciable death-rate. The general popularity of the operation, in this country known as Howarth's and in the U.S.A. as Lynch's, is beyond dispute. At a time when surgery was the only effective method of treating serious cases of frontal sinusitis, this operation provided both efficiency and safety. That a number of cases later needed a second operation, to overcome closure of the nasal opening, was not too high a price.


Recently, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology has been widely employed to increase the capacity of existing SDH/SONET self-healing rings. As wavelengths are no longer such precious resources, SDH/SONET add-drop multiplexers (ADMs) become the dominant cost factor in network deployment. Traffic grooming studies how to intelligently arranging the placement of ADMs on wavelengths to reduce the number of ADMs required to support certain traffic patterns. In this paper, we address dynamic traffic grooming in interconnected WDM unidirectional rings. An optically interconnected dual-homing strategy is adopted to implement optical layer survivability. A genetic algorithm (GA) based approach is proposed for static traffic grooming. Another GA based approach is proposed for combining different topologies to support a given traffic set. Numerical results were reported on ADM savings.


Objective:  Village development from the perspective of community empowerment is to increase community participation in institutions by utilizing economic potential resources and local wisdom.

Purpose:  The research to analyze and design a model of economic institutional empowerment at the location of Sambak Village, Kajoran Subdistrict, Magelang Regency, Central Java Province as a productive and innovative village that was awarded the Climate Village and Independent Innovation Champion.

Method: The research used a qualitative method with Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) which is relevant for constructing reality through observation, dialogical interviews, documentation, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Research informants were selected purposively, namely administrators and members of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and Village-Owned Enterprises (VOE), village government, and empowerment activists. PRA research analysis obtains data construction, reduction, and categorization which can then design empowerment programs or models.

Results: Village governments need to create and run economic institutional empowerment programs in partnership with educational institutions and empowerment activists so that VOEs and MSMEs become integrated institutions. The empowerment programs needed are institutional management, administration, finance, promotion as well as digital marketing. Sambak Village can become a model and destination for an energy-independent productive and innovative Eduwisata.

Research  Implications: This research can apply the concepts, theories, and methods of community empowerment as participatory development.

Originality/value: This research has created a productive and innovative economic institutional empowerment model based on energy independence and local wisdom.


For some youth in foster care, the closest family or family-like relationships are with the foster parents with whom they have lived for extended periods of time. Nonetheless, child welfare agencies often do not explore these relationships and the potential they may hold for youth for legal permanence through adoption or guardianship. Recognizing that social workers often lack resources to help them initiate permanency conversations, Casey Family Services, a direct service child welfare agency in the USA, developed a tool that social workers can use to explore youth's sense of emotional security with their foster parents and foster parents' sense of claiming and attachment with youth in their care. The research literature that suggests that emotional security is a critical component of successful permanence provided the foundation for the development of the Belonging and Emotional Security Tool (BEST). When used with youth and foster parents, the BEST was found to advance meaningful permanency conversations. The authors provide case examples of its use and discuss future directions for using the BEST and broadening its application.


The removing of the kidneys under the skin of white rats results in the development of hypertension and the increase of oxygen absorption by the tissues of the body. These processes are stimulated in case of additional physical exertion by swimming in the water-pool. Giving the extracts of Astragalus glycyphyllus, Astragalus cicer, Veronica officinalis, and as well as Melittis melissophylum and Eleagnus angustifolia to the experimental animals with kidney hypertension and physical exertion contributes to the decrease of arterial pressure, cholesterine and beta-lipoproteids, to the normalization of tissue breathing and peroxidation of lipids.


Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is an important process in the synthesis of carbonate minerals, and thus, it is widely explored as a novel approach with potential for many technological applications. However, the processes and mechanisms involved in carbonate mineral formation in the presence of microbes are not yet fully understood. This review covers the current knowledge regarding the role of microbial cells and metabolic products (e.g., extracellular polymeric substances, proteins and amino acids) on the adsorption of divalent metals, adsorption of ionic species and as templates for crystal nucleation. Moreover, they can play a role in the mineral precipitation, size, morphology and lattice. By understanding how microbes and their metabolic products promote suitable physicochemical conditions (pH, Mg/Ca ratio and free CO32− ions) to induce carbonate nucleation and precipitation, the manipulation of the final mineral precipitates could be a reality for (geo)biotechnological approaches. The applications and implications of biogenic carbonates in areas such as geology and engineering are presented and discussed in this review, with a major focus on biotechnology.


We study the bimolecular annihilation reaction A+B→0 with immobile reactants interacting via exchange. We extend our previous analyses to the case of unequal concentrations of A and B particles. A comparison between the direct simulation of the reaction process and an analytical approach, which is based on Kirkwood's superposition approximation, shows reasonable agreement, although deviations are larger than in the case of equal A and B concentrations. Interestingly, the asymptotic decay forms for the particle concentrations (when formulated in terms of a suitable reaction length) parallel those encountered in diffusion‐limited reactions. Here the diffusion length lD=(Dt)1/2 gets replaced by the reaction radius ξ=ln t. We discuss implications of this finding for a qualitative (but quite accurate) picture of the temporal evolution behavior.


Patriotism proves the motive force and spiritual foundation of Chinese nationalities.Confronting the complicated and mercurial international situation,patriotism enhancement demanded to confirm 'global consciousness' and establish 'tribulation consciousness' to intensify national vigorous spirits.


Chain of custody plays an important role in digital forensic investigation. Contact with different variables occurs through a life cycle of digital evidence. To prove chain of custody, investigators must know all details on how the evidence was handled every step of the way. "Five WS (and one H) "must be applied. Life cycle of digital evidence is very complex, and at each stage there is more impact that can violate a chain of custody. This paper presents a life cycle of digital evidence and problems with implementation of chain of custody in digital investigation. The authors also warn of certain shortcomings in terms of answering specific questions, and give some recommendation for further research. New framework based on Five WS will be presented.


1 mutation plant was selected out from space mutation offsprings of sweet corn inbred line"Richao",which had higher plant and ear height,bigger and thicker ear,more pollen than check,but almost had the same plant,leaf and ear shape,kernel color and eating quality as the check.In the end,10 mutation lines were obtained after 5 times selfing and selection.Mutation lines as tested lines,HZ3,265OR1,N16 and C5-1 as testers according to NCII design,main agricultural traits combination ability of tested lines was analyzed.The results showed that 717,725,726 and 730 had high breeding potential because of good GCA and agriculture traits performance,good eating quality and stress tolerance.Furthermore,2 excellent combinations(730×N16 and 717×C5-1) were selected out from 40 combinations,which had higher yield(1 238 kg and 1 072 kg per 667 m2 respectively) and better eating quality(90.2 and 88.5 respectively) than check(Yuetian 16).


Most of the day is spent in the postprandial state, in part because of the additive effect of dietary fat from meals on triglycerides (TG), and this response is exacerbated by insulin resistance. However, 24-hr TG kinetics when consuming a realistic, Western diet (WD) remain poorly defined in at-risk individuals. The purpose of this exploratory case study was to compare postprandial 24-hr TG in 3 at-risk individuals defined as having normal-weight obesity (NWO), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) consuming a WD.

 1 adult male from the following categories were recruited: NWO (i.e., 30% body fat and normal BMI), MetS (also a smoker), and T2D (taking 20 mg Atorvastatin). Upon arrival, a 24-guage indwelling catheter was inserted and a 0.9% NaCl drip initiated. Blood was drawn and TG measured hourly for 18-hrs and every 3-hrs for the last 6-hrs (Alere Cholestech; Hayward, CA). A semi-ad libitum WD (∼46% fat, 36% CHO, 18% protein) was provided consisting of breakfast (Jimmy
 Dean's), lunch 4-hrs later (McDonald's), dinner 5-hrs after lunch (Little Caesar's), and a snack 3-hrs after dinner (Blue Bell). Participants slept ≥ 6.5 hrs.

 As expected, all participants' TG remained above fasting ≥ 75% of the 24-hr period and all exhibited peak TG between lunch and dinner. NWO presented with fasting TG of 100 mg/dL, and experienced peak TG of 278 mg/dL and area under the curve (AUC) of 3393 mg/dL. MetS similarly displayed a ∼3-fold increase in TG, although all TG parameters were lower (fasting = 69 mg/dL, peak = 214 mg/dL, AUC = 2772 mg/dL). Lastly, T2D closely resembled NWO with fasting TG of 100 mg/dL, peak TG of 282 mg/dL, and an AUC of 3165 mg/dL.

 In this case study, we observed that all 3 at-risk participants' TG nearly tripled from baseline despite markedly different body composition, risk factors, and health status. NWO and T2D both had an adverse postprandial response per current guidelines (i.e., ≥ 220 mg/dL), but MetS was just below this mark. Surprisingly, NWO had a very similar TG response to T2D and the greatest AUC, although the statin very likely mitigated postprandial TG in T2D. Future, larger studies should seek to confirm our observation that a wide range of at-risk individuals experience a deleterious postprandial TG response during daily living when consuming a WD.

 Internal Sources at Oklahoma State University


Satellite Data Handling System (DHS) is a data exchange system between flight segment (satellite) and ground segment. The satellite and ground segment are often independentlydeveloped so that confirmation of mutual understanding between those two segments is a challenge. However, it is an essential step, as it is needed to verify whether the satellite in orbit has ability to communicate with the ground segment on ground. DHS interfaces are critical. It may be easy to confirm physical interfaces, however, confirmation of logical interfaces is not. The risk of that those interfaces do not work well, is not small, especially, for the case of a new DHS system development. To reduce the risk, those interfaces should be confirmed as soon as possible. If this confirmation is done when the integration of two segments are completed, and the result shows that those interfaces have problems, it will take a lot of steps back and forth to identify and fix the problems. For decades, a lot of approaches have been developed and introduced for testing DHS interfaces between satellite and ground segment. Some approaches have offered great ways to design and verify DHS. However, these approaches still miss to introduce systematic methodology to identify how upper layers of DHS interfaces can be verified at low-level testing, before system-level tests. In this research, I am about to propose a new approach to satellite data handling system design for architectural-layer-driven verification. In this approach, processes of architecture design and verification of data handling system are to be introduced in systematic way. DHS architecture is categorized into two types according to different viewpoints of design. One of two types, "vertical" architecture, is designed to illustrate upper layer interfaces, which cannot be shown in the other type, "horizontal" architecture. This way of architecture design supports verification of DHS upper-layers interfaces at low-level testing, thus, objective of the research, reduction of


Some observations on the activity patterns, habitat, and reproductive phenology of the skink Mabuya affinis are presented in this paper. The study was conducted, between April and May 2000, in a locality of the eastern Niger Delta, south-eastern Nigeria. Skinks were diurnal, and exhibited a bi-peaked activity pattern, with a first and small peak around 9-10.00 am, and a second high peak by 2.00 pm. Lizard activity intensity was positively influenced by increases of both air and substratum temperatures, and negatively by increases in relative humidity. Mabuya affinis fed mainly upon insects (termites and ants), and was typically linked to altered habitats in the forest-plantation mosaic of the Niger Delta. Oviposition is likely to occur during the dry season, and egg hatching at the end of the dry season. 1,HE skink Mabuya affinis is one of the most I widely distributed reptiles of the Niger Delta Basin (Akani, Luiselli & Politano, 1999). In terms of abundance, and together with the congener Mabuya maculilabris, it is next to the Rainbow Lizard (Agama agama) which is the most abundant, particularly in suburban habitats (Butler, 1986; Reid, 1986; Akani et al., 1999). Specimens of Mabuya affinis are commonly found on the forest floor, and in and around human settlements. According to Reid (1986), it is a typical species of modified vegetation, rarely recorded far into primary forest. Despite their abundance in the field and wide distribution, however, ecological studies on this scincid are scarce, particularly in Nigeria where we can avail ourselves of only a few comments reported by Dunger (1972, 1973), Butler (1986), Reid (1986), and Akani et al. (1999). As a part of a larger ecological project on forest 2 Herpetological Bulletin Number 73 reptiles of Nigeria (e.g. see Luiselli, Akani & Capizzi, 1998, 1999; Luiselli, Angelici & Akani, 2000), we conducted a short-term study devoted to the daily activity patterns and habitat preferences of Mabuya affinis at a site of the Niger Delta. The present note reports the results of this


The molecular reorientational dynamic of the side-chain nonlinear optical (NLO) polymer [poly(methylmethacrylate-co-p-nitrophenylprolinol)] were investigated. A nonlinear optical response, second-harmonic generation (SHG), was used to probe the induction and decay of molecular orientational order. A two-mode growth of the SHG signal induced by the poling field at temperatures above T g and a subsequent two-mode SHG relaxation in the absence of the poling field at temperatures below T g were observed. A qualitative interpretation that distinguished between the motion of the side-chain NLO chromophores decoupled from polymer segmental movement and the motion of the chromophores coupled to the polymer segmental movement was proposed to explain the observed two-mode poling and relation phenomena


The arrest power is a procedural jurisdiction and performed by court abroad,and arresting the suspect should be by legitimate process.However in China,the procuratorate perform the arrest power by administrative decision system,which doesn't coincide with the judiciary characteristics of the arrest power.The key to reform is that the neutral department performs the arrest power by judiciary examination.The best way to realize the aim is to reform the current working mechanism and carry out arrest approval hearings process,which can turn the aim of criminal suit and the constitutional function of power balance into reality,and it has rationality in objectivity,and feasibility in subjectivity.


The paper considers distributed control of human-in-the-loop multi-agent systems (MASs) using only relative input-output measurements. A human supervises the team through broadcasting a command signal to only one agent, called the leader, in response to any changes. To impose the human control signal, the leader needs to be a non-autonomous agent. All followers autonomously synchronize to the leader by locally interacting with each other over a communication graph and using only the relative input-output information. To decrease the communication burden, a novel distributed observer is presented for leader-follower MASs with non-autonomous leaders to approximate the relative state information of the agents. To obviate the requirement of knowing an upper bound on the human input, each agent adaptively estimates the human force by communicating its estimation with its neighbors. It is shown that the gain margin of the proposed distributed observer is infinity. The provided simulation results show effectiveness of the proposed method.


Contemporary discourse on the regulation and governance of the digital environment has often focused on the procedural value of transparency. This article traces the prominence of the concept of transparency in contemporary regulatory debates to the corporate agenda of technology companies. Looking at the latest transparency initiatives of IBM, Google and Facebook, I introduce the concept of "transparency washing," whereby a focus on transparency acts as an obfuscation and redirection from more substantive and fundamental questions about the concentration of power, substantial policies, and actions of technology behemoths. While the "ethics washing" of the tech giants has become widely acknowledged, "transparency washing" presents a wider critique of corporate discourse and neoliberal governmentality based on procedural fetishism, which detracts from the questions of substantial accountability and obligations by diverting the attention to procedural micro-issues that have little chance of changing the political or legal status quo.


ABSTRACT This was a cross-sectional study to identify the association between socio-cognitive factors (permissive attitude, social-norms, and self-efficacy) and intention towards sexual activity among 466 Malaysian school-going late adolescents (aged 18–19 years) in Kuantan, Malaysia. Majority were females (64.4%), Malays (67.4%) and Muslims (68.2%). Simple logistic regression from data collected by self-administered validated Youth Sexual-Intention Questionnaire (YSI-Q) showed significantly increase risk of having sexual intention for each unit increase in permissive attitude, social-norms and self-efficacy scores with the odds ratio (OR) of 1.424, 1.303 and 1.215, respectively. On the other hand, multivariate logistic regression resulted in male, non-Malay, ever-smoker students and permissive attitude showing significantly higher risk towards having sexual intention with the OR of 0.163 (male was the reference group), 5.110, 3.288 and 1.236, respectively. In order to reduce risky sexual behaviour among adolescents, school-based health education is essential.


The tissue polypeptide antigen, TPA, is a tumour-associated antigen which is synthesized during the S phase of cellular division and released later by the tissues when rapid growth takes place. For this reason, the TPA is considered to be a specific phase tumour-associated antigen [1].Since Björklund detected the antigen in 1957 much less has been written about research into the presence of the TPA in high concentration in the blood of subjects with tumours in different sites [2–5].The TPA can, however, be measured in moderate quantities in healthy individuals and in those with hepatic pathology (hepatitis and cirrhosis) and pathology of a viral nature [6, 7]. In hepatic parenchymal pathology, repeated measurements of this marker show normalization with the benign course of the disease.The aim of this work is to evaluate if the use of the TPA can be useful in hepatology of an infectious nature as an index of cytoreproduction, a phenomenon which often affects the hepatocytic cytolysis which is found in acute viral hepatitis.


Significance This study is of particular interest because it analyzes the action of two fusion oncogenes common in human acute myeloid leukemia. The study documents the immediate action of these oncogenes in murine fetal liver cells in abnormally extending the proliferative capacity of the transfected cells. More intriguing is the growth factor dependency of most of the leukemic cells developing and the ability of presumptively end-stage irreversible autonomous leukemic cells to generate factor-dependent progeny. When murine fetal liver cells were transduced with either of the human acute myeloid leukemia fusion oncogenes MLL-ENL or MLL-AF9 and then transplanted to irradiated recipient mice, myelomonocyte leukemias rapidly developed from the transplanted cells. Analysis of initial events following transduction showed that both oncogenes immediately induced a wide range of enhanced proliferative states, the most extreme of which could generate continuous lines of cells. Maturation defects accompanied the enhanced proliferative states. At all times, the transformed cells exhibited complete dependency on hematopoietic growth factors, particularly GM-CSF and IL-3. Myelomonocytic leukemic cells from primary or transplanted mice formed colonies in semisolid agar. The large majority were dependent on hematopoietic growth factors, but a low frequency of autonomous colonies was also detected. Unexpectedly, reculture of autonomous leukemic colonies generated large numbers of growth factor-dependent clonogenic progeny. Similarly, transplanted clonal autonomous leukemic cells produced leukemias containing a majority of factor-dependent cells. Conversely, recultures of factor-dependent colonies in vitro always produced small numbers of autonomous colonies among the dependent progeny. The reversible relationship between factor dependency and autonomy is surprising because autonomy would have been presumed to represent the final, irreversible, leukemic state.


A low-noise active receiving antenna based on a printed dipole and a Si-SiGe HBT in the 5.8 GHz band is presented. A power gain of 8.3 dB compared to the respective passive antenna and a noise figure of 1.4 dB at center frequency were achieved. To improve the antenna gain, two of these components were combined with a small array with reduced beamwidth and comparable noise figure.


How do the 3 FDA-approved dopamine receptor partial agonists for the treatment of MDD and other psychiatric disorders stack up against each other?


The article demonstrates the possibility of teaching a child with cerebral palsy in an inclusive class of secondary school.
The article substantiates the availability of inclusive classes in each school so that a child with special educational requirements can attend it at the place of residence. It is shown that inclusive education is an individualized system of teaching children with special needs in psychophysical development in a secondary school, which provides for the creation of an educational environment that would meet the needs and capabilities of the child regardless of its mental development.
The article presents the methods of group and individual physical therapy classes. Group classes were held twice a week for 40 minutes and an additional 20 minutes for a child with cerebral palsy.
Fitball exercises were used to reduce muscle spasticity and improve motor function. Passive exercises were used in the classes to increase the mobility of the joints. Duration is 7-15 minutes, number of repetitions - 8-10 times for each joint. Exercises were used to strengthen the child's muscular corset. Duration 5-10 minutes, number of repetitions - 8-10 times. Gymnastic exercises, exercises with sports equipment, exercises on fitball were also used. For the development of fine motor skills used games: "Lacing", "Mosaic", "Lego", "Beads" and others. Breathing exercises were used according to the method of A.N. Strelnokova (duration 5-7 minutes). Exercises for the performing household movements (dressing and taking off clothes, etc.) and gait training were also used. The article analyzes the results of adaptation of first grade children to school in comparison with those of a child with cerebral palsy.The article demonstrates the positive effect of physical therapy on the adaptation of a child with cerebral palsy in school. His motivation increased from 0.9 to 1.5 points.


Polypropylene development continues with unceasing vitality and the possibilities of the PP structure and its modifications are nowhere near exhausted.Catalysts at present being developed and the perfection of production technologies will enable even more complex PP based products to be obtained


The Catteno–Christov heat flux plays a dynamic role in flow of heat enhancement in various manufacturing, industrial, and engineering applications. This present work focuses on the influence of Catteno–Christov heat flux model on Darcy–Forchheimer flow of a hybrid nanofluid placed in a porous medium. The formulation of the mathematical model is done by considering a fluid with two different nanoparticles Al2O3 and Cu dispersed in the water as the base fluid. The set of partial differntial equations is reduced by using similarity variables and boundary conditions to obtain ordinary differntial equations. The coupled nonlinear governing differential equations are solved using Runge–Kutta fourth–fifth order (RKF‐45). The impact of numerous dimensionless parameters on the velocity, thermal, and concentration profiles are plotted and studied. Furthermore, the coefficient of skin friction for the relevant parameters are analysed through graphs. Result reveals that, increase in the porosity parameter declines the velocity gradient and shoots up the thermal and concentration gradients. Inclination in magnetic parameter declines velocity and concentration profiles due to the Lorentz force. Enhancement in the thermal relaxation parameter declines the thermal profile. Inclination in homogeneous‐heterogeneous reaction parameters declines the mass transfer rate. Also, the well‐known differential transform method is used for the validity of RKF‐45 method and an impressive agreement is noticed between the results of RKF‐45 and DTM.


High toughness and high transparent PP was prepared by using POE and self-made nucleating agent as auxiliaries.The crystal behavior,mechanical property and transparent properties of different blend systems with different content of POE elastomer were studied by DSC,PLM and haze tests.The result showed the crystallinity of PP increased firstly and then decreased when adding POE elastomer,the nucleating agent had synergistic nucleation effect when the addition mass fraction of POE was less than 10%,which could increase the crystal peak temperature and crystal degree of PP,also decrease the haze,can improve the processing ability.


: Improved biomass cookstoves have been widely proven to be more efficient than traditional cookstoves. They are however mostly designed as single burners to utilize one fuel type. This paper presents the development of a double burner natural-draft biomass cookstove. The study conforms with the global effort of harnessing clean and efficient methods of cooking towards curtailing deforestation and mitigating the impacts of climate change. The cookstove was designed as a batch-fed double burner type with a ceramic insulated combustion chamber. The insulators were equally made detachable to ease maintenance. The cookstove was evaluated and thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, time spent in boiling per given weight of water, and firepower were determined. The result of the experimental analysis yielded a mean thermal efficiency ranging from 17.2% - 33.1%, mean specific fuel consumption of 0.019 - 0.089, mean time spent in boiling per given weight of water of 0.172 - 0.354 h kg -1 , and mean firepower of 0.458 - 3.324 kW. In line with the performance indicators, the developed cookstove was found to be energy efficient for domestic cooking with the potential to save fuel and emit less pollutants to the environment. Further studies should focus on evaluating the cookstove with other forms of biomass fuel and insulators.


Acknowledgments Preface 1. The Goals of Sentencing Why Punish? How Much to Punish? Theories of Punishment and Judges' Sentencing Decisions Conclusion 2. Sentencing Options and the Sentencing Process The Judge's Options at Sentencing Sentencing as a Collaborative Exercise The Sentencing Process 3. How do Judges Decide Modeling the Sentencing Process How Do Judges Decide? 4. Sentencing Disparity and Discrimination Disparity and Discrimination Gender and Sentencing Focus on an Issue: Should Men and Women Be Treated the Same Disparity and Discrimination in Sentencing 5. Sentencing Disparity and Discrimination: Racial Disparity in Sentencing Race and Imprisonment: Evidence of Disproportionality Race and Judges' Sentencing Decisions Focus on an Issue: Race and Sentencing for Drug Offenses: Punishment and Prejudice? Race and the Death Penalty: A Failed Experiment? Justice From the Bench? 6. Thirty Years of Sentencing Reform The Sentencing Reform Movement Structured Sentencing Reforms Mandatory Minimum Sentencing Statutes Focus on an Issue: Sentencing Drug Offenders: Incarceration or Treatment--What Works? Three-Strikes-and-You're-Out Laws Truth-In-Sentencing Laws Three Decades of Reform 7. The Impact of the Sentencing Reform Movement Have Sentencing Reforms Led to More Punitive Sentences? Have Sentencing Reforms Led to a Reduction in Crime? Have Sentencing Reforms Reduced Disparity and Discrimination? Assessing the Impact of the Sentencing Reform Movement References Index About the Author


Robots operate in specific environments and the correct interpretation of linguistic interactions depends on physical, cognitive and languagedependent aspects triggered by the environment. In this work, we introduce a Spoken Language Understanding chain for semantic parsing of robotic commands. It has been designed according to a Client/Server architecture in order to be easily integrated with the vast plethora of robotic platforms. The robustness of the proposed system against the language variability and its adaptability with respect to the environment surrounding a robot is demonstrated over real scenarios, in the Service Robotics domain.


The clinical performance of the Multiload-Cu250 (ML-Cu250) copper intrauterine device (IUD), not previously available in Brazil, was compared to that of the T-Cu200, an IUD widely in use. 742 IUD acceptors were enrolled in a prospective randomized study, 292 of whom received the ML-Cu250 and 292 of whom received the T-Cu200. An analysis of age and parity showed no significant differences between the 2 groups. Results were very good with both devices, with continuation rates of more than 90% at 12 months and more than 85% at 18 months. There were no significant differences between the 2 IUDs after 18 months of use. It was concluded that these 2 devices do not present statistically significant differences in their performance and that the 2 IUDs should both be made available to the Brazilian population. The ML-Cu250 should be tested in larger clinical trials to confirm the good performance presented in this study.


PURPOSE: To attain the assured reception and reproduction despite a large phase error caused between a transmitter and a receiver by carrying out the binary reproduction only based on the relative position relation between the 1st and 2nd half bits and not via the comparison performed between each phase and the absolute phase value that suffered a fault by an error. CONSTITUTION: The relation between RDS phase patterns E of the 1st and 2nd half bits is evaluated based on a reference phase pattern F that is obtained by shifting a reproduced carrier wave at a prescribed phase shift angle. As the pattern E is approximately set equal to a sine wave by an LPF, two half bits existing between both patterns F and E are decided in the areas A and B by the integration and binary 1 and 0 are defined based on the difference of value between both areas A and B. In other words, a received RDS signal 19, a time signal 13, a cut-off window signal 15 and an oscillator signal 17 are inputted to an AND circuit 11 and the binary RDS data are obtained by an up-down counter 25 and an evaluation means 33. Thus, the assured reproduction is attained at the receiver side even though a large phase error is caused between a transmitter and a receiver.


The study of productive performance, carcass and meat quality of Thai Native chicken (N) and Abor Acres broiler (B) was conducted using a completely random design. The native chicken were fed ad libitum with commercial layer diet and the broiler a commercial broiler diet. All chickens were slaughtered at market size, the slaughtered weights of N and B were around 1.2 and 1.9 kg, respectively. Carcass and meat quality of the two different chicken breeds were investigated. The results show that body weight at 0 - 6 weeks, average daily gain and feed intake at 0 - 2, 2 - 4 and 4 - 6 weeks of N were less than those of B (p<0.01). Furthermore, feed conversion ratio at 0 - 2 and 2 - 4 weeks of N were higher than of B (p<0.01) but there was no significant difference at 4 - 6 weeks. The mortality rate of B was higher than of N (p<0.05) at 0 - 2 and 2 - 4 weeks, however, at 4 - 6 weeks there was no significant difference. The feed cost per kg gain of N was higher than of B (p<0.01). Among carcass characteristics the dressing percentage of N was less than of B (p<0.05), in contrast, the percentages of retail cuts in terms of thigh and Pectoralis minor of N were higher compared to B (p<0.05) as well as wing (p<0.01) and drumstick (p<0.05). There was quite similar percentages of internal and external organ. The indirect meat quality in terms of pH value and cooking loss percentage was higher in the case of B (p<0.05). However, thawing loss, drip loss and nutritive value showed no significant difference between the groups. Meanwhile, L and b* values of B was higher than N (p<0.01). The shear value of N in terms of maximum shear force (N), energy (J) and distance (mm) had higher values compared to B (p<0.01). Key word: productive performance, carcass, meat, Native Thai Chicken and broiler


The present invention relates to a high performance coating composition, which comprises a film-forming component, an additive, a filler and a solvent, and further comprises an anti-ultraviolet additive, wherein the anti-ultraviolet additive is an alcosol component containing sol particles having a structure formula of SixOx-1(OH)y(OR)z. According to the high performance coating composition, silicon dioxide exists in the coating in the form of condensed SixOx-1(OH)y(OR)z fine particles with a particle size of about 1-10 nm, and has good compatibility with the coating solvent, such that the particles can be uniformly dispersed in the coating, scrub resistance, strength, hardness and the like of the coating are improved, and problems of poor suspension stability, poor thixotropy, not high finish, and the like of the raw materials are solved well, wherein the condensed SixOx-1(OH)y(OR)z fine particles are not completely hydrolyzed.


Rapid-quench solubility experiments of the assemblage albite(Ab) + andalusite (And) + quartz(Q) were conducted over a total chloride range of 0.01m to 2.5m at temperatures between 500 C and 650 C and pressures between 1 kbar and 2 kbar. Total sodium and total chloride as well as pH were measured after quench. A plot of log K = log(Na[sup tot]/H[sub quench][sup +]) versus total chloride of a series of isobaric/isothermal experiments with various Cl[sup tot] should result in a straight, horizontal line for a constant activity coefficient ratio of NaCl[sup 0] and HCl[sup 0]. At temperatures below 550 C at 1 kbar and at all temperatures investigated at 2 kbar log K first declines for up to 1 log unit with increasing total chloride and then levels out at higher Cl[sup tot] (> 0.2--0.5 m). This pronounced decrease of log K at low Cl[sup tot] indicates the presence of Na[sup +] and Na(OH)[sup 0]. At temperatures above 550 C at 1 kbar log K first decreases and then increases for nearly 0.8 log units as chlorine increases. The initial decrease is again attributed to Na(OH)[sup 0]. The increase of log K at higher Cl[sup tot] (> 0.5--1m) is readily explainedmore » by further association of Na. The results of this study support theoretical predictions by Oelkers and Helgeson, 1990. Increased association is observed at lower dielectric constants of water, e.g. with decreasing pressures and increasing temperatures. The presence of NaCl[sub 2[sup [minus]]] species in fluids at P,T conditions found in hydrothermal systems around shallow plutons has pronounced effects on the solubility and transport of other metals in these brines.« less


The effects of the vorticity distribution are applied to study planetary boundary layer mass convergence beneath free tropospheric wind maximum. For given forcing by viscous and pressure gradient forces beneath a wind maximum, boundary layer cross stream mass transport is increased by anticyclonic vorticity on the right flank and decreased by cyclonic vorticity on the left flank. Such frictionally forced mass transport induces boundary layer mass convergence beneath the relative wind maximum. This result is related to the empirical rule that the most intense convection and severe weather frequently develop beneath the 500 mb zero relative vorticity isopleth.


Abstract A number of important considerations for direct social work practice with women prisoners are presented in this paper. Challenges posed by working in a secure prison environment are discussed followed by key issues for thorough assessment and intervention. Continuity of care across prison and community is a crucial component of effective service delivery. Social workers have an important role in advocating for improved services for women, both within prison and in the community. A greater range of sentencing options is needed to reduce the alarming increase in the number of women prisoners in recent years.


The review of novel solid state lasers for coherent optical velocimetry is presented. The paper is focused on laser diodes as well as diode pumped lasers as the most prospective sources nowadays and in the future in this area of applications. The single frequency diode pumped lasers are discussed in detail. The novel concepts in velocimetry such as chirped lasers, two frequency lasers, and lasers with self-mixing effect are presented. The applications of solid state lasers to Doppler velocimetry, holographic methods in velocimetry, and coherent laser radars are discussed.


Wound healing is a complex biological process dependent on multiple variables: tissue oxygenation, wound size, contamination, etc. Many of these factors depend on multiple factors themselves. Mechanisms for some interactions between these factors are still unknown. This research aims to simulate and control of remodeling phase of the wound healing process utilizing Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) as a computational intelligence technique. The approach consists of applying important concepts such as mathematical modeling, finite elements method, and effect of external forces on the scar tissue.


As a king of useful functional materials,photochromic functional films play an important role in sensor,optical information recording materials,environment decoration and camouflage. In this paper,the preparation methods including solvent-cast method,dipping coating,spin-coating,spraying coating,Langmuir-Blodgett films method,Self-assembly films method,vacuum evaporation were reviewed in detail. Meanwhile the progress of their application and the research trends were briefly discussed.


The present invention relates to a high-temperature castable ceramic wear lining of the body is prepared, containing 3 ~ 5mm particle size of the fused mullite 10 to 25%, a particle size of 1 ~ 3mm fused mullite is 20 to 45%, particle size of 0.1mm ~ 1mm andalusite 3 to 7%, a particle size of 0.1 ~ 1mm of 8 ~ 25% tabular alumina, fused corundum object 300 to 350 5 to 20% of calcium aluminate particle size <0.074mm in 2-10% cement, microsilica 2 to 6%, 2 to 10% alumina powder. The castable is applicable to high thermal shock resistance required hot blast air supply branch pipe and the pipe cross-section and other parts, with its production liner having good thermal stability, high temperature air erosion, good thermal shock resistance, the advantages of long life cycle, and its production method is simple, short construction period, environmental pollution, and low cost, easy to industrial production.


In the conventional process for the purification of aquifers by air injection, the restoration efficiency is limited by the low volatility of the contaminants and the uncontrollable propagation of the injected air through formation of preferred flow paths. A saturated steam injection solves by increasing the Aquifertemperatur the problem of low Schadstofffluchtigkeit, but rather leads to a pollutant transfer than a cleaning. By injection of saturated steam Inertgasgemischs occurs under consolidation of preferred flow paths to a coherent heat front with simultaneous utilization of the temperature effects as in pure steam. Furthermore, the accumulation and uncontrolled mobilization of condensing contaminants, such as occurs on the heat front in the sole injection of saturated steam is avoided by the continuous discharge of the contaminants in the unsaturated zone above the carrier gas. This can be extracted by standard methods. By adapted to the location-specific Hydrogeologie and pollutant operation of the carrier gas-vapor mixture injection, the lateral extent of the heat front and thus the range of the individual injection well can be controlled and optimized.


Objective Use multilayer spiral CT to differentiate invasive from noninvasive thymoma. Materials and Methods 19 patients with clinically-diagnosed thymoma scanned with multilayer spiral CT. Results 12 cases were invasive thymoma, 7 cases non-invasive thymoma. CT differential diagnosis between the two types of thymoma is mainly based on the size and margin of the thymoma, the contact area, angle and fat shadow between thymoma and heart,surrounding large vessels, and the changes of pericardium and p leura. Conclusion It was accurate to using spiral CT to differentiate the invasive from noninvasive thymoma.


In this paper, we examine the profitability of a merger when agents interact on a network. We assume that the value function is size‐dependent, i.e. the value of a coalition does not depend on the identities of the coalition but only on each size of its components. Under the assumption that the third difference of the value function with respect to the size of each component is nonnegative, which is a weaker condition of increasing complementarity by Segal in 2003, we show that a merger of any subset of agents cannot be profitable if the underlying network is cycle‐complete.


SUMMARY

Oligosaccharides of DP 3–10 were evaluated for their properties of density, refraetive index, viscosity, optical rotation, reducing power, and infrared absorption characteristics. Tables of data were developed giving the expected values of each property for each oligosaccharide.

As expected, density, refractive index, viscosity, optical rotation, and reducing power were related to the molecular weight of the sugars. The degree of the effect of molecular weight on each of these properties was established.


RAMAN JD. Infectious complications following prostate biopsy: a problem with need for solution. Can J Urol 2013;20(3):6815. Finally, administration of a topical antiseptic to the rectal vault just prior to biopsy may present an alternative strategy. Povidone iodine is a commonly used topical antiseptic that dramatically reduces microorganism colonies when applied to a surgical site. A recent prospective, randomized study found that rectal cleansing with povidone-iodine was safe and indicated a 42% relative risk reduction (albeit not statistically significant, p = 0.15) in infectious complications.10 Multiple innovative strategies are emerging to target infections post-biopsy. Such studies are increasingly paramount given the increased scrutiny for iatrogenic infections and critical analysis of morbidity of prostate cancer screening. In the absence of antibiotic prophylaxis, bacteremia and bacteriuria following transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsy (TRUS-PNBx) occur in 16% and 44% of cases, respectively.1 Fluoroquinolones have historically provided optimal TRUS-PNBx prophylaxis.2 Unfortunately, fluoroquinolone resistance among microorganisms has dramatically increased which has translated to an increased risk of PNBx infectious complications attributable to quinolone resistant E. Coli isolates.3,4 Such infections can present as urinary tract infections, acute sepsis, or in a more indolent manner as described in the preceding article by Bayne and colleagues.5 Even these more indolent type presentations, however, incur significant morbidity as highlighted by the need for prolonged intravenous antibiotics, ICU admission, and eventual percutaneous drainage of a seminal vesicle abscess.5 Clearly, the rising rate of quinolone resistance necessitates alternative prophylaxis strategies for TRUSPNBx procedures. In this regard, a few different avenues have been explored. Several groups have demonstrated that addition of intravenous or intramuscular aminoglycoside antibiotic to oral ciprofloxacin can reduce sepsis episodes post-biopsy.6,7 Such a strategy, while efficacious in these series, may be limited in part due to aminoglycoside toxicity (i.e. renal) and the potential for developing future resistant organisms. Another recently explored methodology incorporates pre-operative rectal swab screening of TRUS-PNBx patients to identify quinolone-resistant organisms.8 If these organisms are detected, a "targeted" prophylactic antibiotic regimen is used based on that patient's bacteria sensitivity profile.9 The actual process of obtaining these swabs, selectively culturing on quinolone selective medium, and tailoring of antibiotics however requires additional clinical and laboratory resources that may not be readily available in all clinical practices. References


.We first tried to optimize the reaction variables such as type of working amides, amines, oxidants, solvents, and temperatures using some representative carboxamides and triethylamine as test substrates (Table 1). With the employment of iodosylme-sitylene as a stoichiometric oxidant, the reaction turned out to be quite sensitive to the choice of amides examined. For in-stance, when benzamide was allowed to react with triethylamine in benzene,


This dissertation is written in the field of public law and examines the Swedish Office of the Parliamentary Ombudsman (OPO). The work examines the legal regime governing the OPO as well as the pro ...


ABSTRACT Coffee is the food source of cafestol and kahweol (C&K), a pair of furanoditerpenoids that have antitumor, anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. These diterpenes act on hallmarks of cancer such as resistance cell death, inducing angiogenesis, and activating migration & metastasis. Cafestol and kahweol have a wide antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic profile reported for different cell lines and reduce cancer cell resistance to antineoplastic drugs. Up to now, studies show that these diterpenes are the only bioactive compounds in coffee that show significant antitumor activity in specific cancer cell lines. The pharmacokinetics studies of C&K performed with different animal models demonstrate that they have a complex distribution and biotransformation. Besides the structure-activity relationship of C&K is not fully understood. This narrative review aims to highlight the potential of C&K in cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy, pharmacokinetics, and the perspectives of the structure-activity relationship of these furanoditerpenoids. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


l.8-10: I recommend combining the two sentences and remove the "recent advances", because the CRDS technology for oxygen isotope measurements is almost 10 years old without any significant development since then. My suggestion: "… continuous-flow analysis (CFA) methods coupled to CRDS instrument allow for simultaneous measurements …." I also suggest deleting the last sentence in the abstract.


In the present study a method was developed which permits human skin to be placed in a readily accessible orthotopic position on the hamster. The hamster cheekpouch, an "immunologically privileged" tissue, diminishes the probability of rejection of foreign grafts. The hamster's own cheekpouch is excised and grafted to the lateral thoracic wall. After complete healing, grafts of human skin are placed in a bed cut into but not through the subcuticular tissue of the exteriorized cheekpouch. About 33% of the human skin grafts will survive for as long as 6–8 weeks without immunosuppressive treatment. With systemic cortisone administration, 50% of the grafts survive at least 14 weeks. Rabbit skin infected with Shope papilloma virus and grafted in the same manner almost always develops into typical Shope rabbit papillomas. Histotypical morphology of both normal human skin, rabbit skin, and rabbit papilloma is retained. This may prove adaptable to the study of the response of human skin to such agents as carcinogenic chemicals, irradiation, oncogenic viruses, and cytolytic viruses.


A young man with an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage attributed to esophageal varices had massive splenomegaly, but liver function tests, liver biopsy, and hepatic venous pressure gradient were all normal. Therefore, we did splenic angiography and found a splenic arteriovenous fistula. The fistula was resected and the esophageal varices disappeared. We believe this patient had a congenital arteriovenous fistula of the splenic artery with presinusoidal, extrahepatic portal hypertension.