This study was planned to investigate "the extent to which teachers' instructional decisions can influence inclusive practices in secondary schools". The increase in the number of students with exceptionalities or difficulties in both public and private secondary schools in Cameroon motivated the researcher to carry out the study. The main research question was "To what extent can teachers' pedagogic decisions influence inclusive education in secondary schools? Related literature was reviewed on teachers' pedagogic decisions and inclusive education. The theory of instruction and the theory of multiple intelligences were used to give meaning to the problem of study. The qualitative approach was applied to carry out the investigation. Observation and Interview research methods were used. Data was collected using an observation guide and interview guide. The population of the study was made up of teachers of Government Bilingual High School Mendong-Yaounde. From this population, four teachers were selected for the study through non probability sampling technique. The data collected was analysed thematically following the objectives of the study. The results of the study revealed that teachers' instructional decisions contribute to inclusive practices in schools. This study offer new insights as well that inclusive practices can be applied in school life to meet the needs of students with exceptionalities. Recommendations are made to teachers to create favourable learning environments for all the students. Keywords : Instructional decisions, Inclusive Education, planning decisions, delivery decisions, assessment decisions, Curriculum.


Since structural systems may fail in any one of several failure modes, computation of system reliability is always difficult. A method using numerical quadrature for computing structural system reliability with either one or more than one failure mode is presented in this paper. Statistically correlated safety margin equations are transformed into a group of uncorrelated variables and the joint density function of these uncorrelated variables can be generated by using the Maximum Entropy Method. Structural system reliability is then obtained by integrating the joint density function with the transformed safety domain enclosed within a set of linear equations. The Gaussian numerical integration method is introduced in order to improve computational accuracy. This method can be used to evaluate structural system reliability for Gaussian or non-Gaussian variables with either linear or nonlinear safety boundaries. It is also valid for implicit safety margins such as computer programs. Both the theory and the examples show that this method is simple in concept and easy to implement.


The foot-in-the-door and door-in-the-face techniques for compliance were compared under conditions of high and low source legitimacy in a telephone survey. Calls were made to 240 people, employing either the FITD, DITF, or a control, requesting television viewing preferences for either a public interest group (high legitimacy) or a private consulting firm (low legitimacy). It was predicted that both techniques would be effective when legitimacy was high but that only the FITD would be effective when legitimacy was low. Compliance results supported this prediction, yielding a significant chi-square for response X strategy X source legitimacy. The results were interpreted in terms of the type of pressure or obligation that may follow from each strategy.


This study was performed to describe analysis method of 209 PCB congeners in ambient air samples. The samples were collected by high volume air sampler in Chonju city. Extracted samples were cleaned by silicagel cleanup modified with sulfuric acid and activated carbon cleanup processing. The cleaned samples were analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) with DB-5 column (60 m, 0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 m film thickness) to analyze the 209 kinds of PCB congeners. PCBs levels of air samples were detected to the range between 0.003 and . The PCBs congener of 162 kinds were detected in samples analysed using DB-5 column and 37 kinds peaks were overlapped with congeners more than one. It is difficult to isolate PCB 118/106 and PCB 105/127 in coplanar PCB, so it is likely to overestimate the concentration.. The distribution of coplanar-PCB congeners in origin source samples (Kanechlor and exhaust gas from incinerator) was compared with that in air samples, and PCB 81, PCB 77, PCB 126, and PCB 169 were higher in incinerator samples.


The results of experiments on the influence of a layer of particles of positive buoyancy on the suppression of the breaking process and the regularization of a standing gravity wave on a free surface of water in a rectangular vessel are discussed. The oscillations of a two-layer system in a barotropic mode are considered. Parametric resonance is used to excite the waves in a rectangular vessel. The effect of increase in the upper layer thickness on the limit steepness of the regular wave and its dissipative properties are considered. It is shown that the use of floating polystyrene particles as the upper layer changes significantly wave mode dynamics, namely, regularization of waves with complete suppression of breaking mechanisms.


The article considers the peculiarities of organizing the work of a foreign language teacher with the use of principles of personally oriented teaching. Educational reforms have influenced on the activity of foreign language teachers of higher educational institutions of Ukraine which has been represented in a pedagogically-methodical reorientation.  Pedagogical and methodical constituents of a teacher`s work are analyzed in terms of the above mentioned approach taking into account requirements to the professional training of a teacher, his preparedness to work with students. Professional stability of a teacher, his or her preparedness have an indispensable meaning. Communicative approach in language teaching is one of the elements of personally oriented teaching which can be an effective means of making up a dialogue between a teacher and a student. Students get an opportunity to fulfill their personal potential in which a teacher provides them with necessary help. A teacher is not just a knowledge source but also the one who helps students to develop their personalities. A teaching process organizing requires the consideration of its psychological and pedagogical constituents.  A student is a subject of teaching, a personality with individual and age peculiarities which should be necessarily taken into consideration by a pedagogue. The aim of a foreign language learning is the ability to use it in communication. Personally oriented teaching allows a pedagogue to provide students with facilities that help to the maximum to learn to communicate in a foreign language.


Homogeneity of variance test has been studied by Bartlett (1937), Hartley (1950), Levene (1960), and Box (1953), among others. The tests developed by the above statisticians are either approximate tests or tests using numerical tabulation of the critical points, so the validity of the tests relies on sample sizes. We have developed a test, the so-called New-test, for the equality of variances whose Type I error is well controlled and whose power is competitive to the optimal alternative tests. Extensive empirical experiments are conducted to compare the performance of the New-test with three classical methods. An experiment with exponential data is also done by simulation. It seems that under exponential distribution situation, Type I error is not as controlled as in the case of normal distribution situation. With relatively higher power and precise control of Type I error, the New-test can be recommended for future use by the practitioners when the underlying data are from normal distribution.


Poem is the most beautiful art in literature in human history. It has three beauties: beauty in form, beauty in sound and beauty in sense. Poetry translation, although difficult should represent these three beauties, and lack of anyone of them will weaken its beauty.


This strikes me as a pretty good parable to illustrate where we are today in terms of the design and functioning of Canada's foreign ministry and foreign service. In a recent panel discussion at the International Studies Association, former India diplomat Kishan Rana spoke of the transition from gunboat diplomacy to gum boot diplomacy.1 That distinction, it seems to me, launches us in the right direction. At Canada's Department of Foreign Affairs, the diplomatic corps needs new boots. And it needs them quickly. 165


The process of mass tranfer is considered. This process satifies the difussive equation. The discussion is restricted on a solution of single source that releases pulse mass. Single and regular pulses are considered, and some applied examples are presented.


The need for improvement of the design and operation of infrastructures, which are complex socio-technical systems, has created a demand on investigating if complex optimization methods are applicable in this area. This paper stresses the importance and applicability of multi-level optimization in the world of infrastructures. The advantages of multi-level programming in comparison to an isolated top-down decision problem are shown by an example of a distributed energy system with small micro CHP units. The paper concludes with remarks on the applicability of the presented approach to other infrastructure sectors and with ideas for future research.


A total of 60 samples (20 each of turkey meat, faeces and cloacal swab samples) collected from different sources were subjected to cultural and PCR methods for the presence of Salmonella and Salmonella enteritidis. Primers for invA and sefA gene were used for Salmonella and S.enteritidis respectively. Out of 60 samples, 49 were positive for Salmonella spp. i.e. turkey meat' 14(70%), turkey cloacal swabs'17(85%), turkey faece s'18(90%) by PCR methods, whereas 43 were positive by cultural method i.e. turkey meat' 12(60%), turkey cloacal swabs'15(75%), turkey faece s'16(80%). Out of 49 positive for Salmonella by PCR method, 36 (turkey meat'11, turkey cloacal swabs'13, turkey faeces'12) were positive for S.enteritidis. Selective enrichment with Rappaport'Vassilidias (RV) broth an d Tetrathionate (TT) broth were superior over Selenite'F (SF) and Selenite cys teine (SC) broths.


This paper investigates the short-term costs and benefits of apprenticeship training in Germany. It calls into question the popular stylised fact that apprenticeship training always leads to net costs during the apprenticeship period. We analyse the impact of the proportion of different occupational groups of apprentices on firm performance. We use representative matched employer– employee panel data that allow us to correct for different sources of estimation bias. We show that the proportion of apprentices in trade, commercial, craft and construction occupations has a direct positive impact on firm performance: the companies cover their training costs immediately. In contrast, companies with apprentices in the manufacturing occupations face net training costs during the apprenticeship period but gain by the long-term employment of its graduate apprentices. Almost all papers on the motivation of German firms to train apprentices take as a stylised fact that training firms have to incur net costs. This notion stems practically from one source only – a series of descriptive cross section analyses of the costs and benefits of apprenticeship training conducted by the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB). While an influential theoretical literature tries to motivate why firms should accept net training costs, the stylised fact itself has not been further tested. This paper therefore presents a complementary validation of the net cost hypothesis by simulating the decision personnel managers have to take when they want to replace unskilled or semiskilled employees by apprentices. It is the first causal assessment of the impact different occupational groups of apprentices have on gross enterprise profits. We use multivariate panel estimation techniques because we can hereby tackle several sources of estimation bias and reversed causality. Our paper shows that it is necessary to discriminate between different groups of occupations when assessing the costs and benefits of apprenticeship training. In particular, we find that the share of apprentices in trade, commercial, craft and construction occupations has a positive impact on contemporary gross profits and the apprentices are substitutes for unskilled or semiskilled workers. In contrast, an increase in the share of apprentices in the manufacturing occupations reduces contemporary gross profits. This means that enterprises offering apprenticeships in manufacturing occupations do not cover their training costs during the apprenticeship period. The apprenticeship training rather is a human capital investment. This paper demonstrates the efficiency of the German apprenticeship system: it allows companies to provide general and occupation-specific skills in …


In learning, an offline system (face-to-face) and an online system can be used to learn in order to process of acquiring knowledge. However, the world is now in total lockdown as a result of the Covid-19 virus, which has forced all activities, including education, to move to an online system. Students at University of Nusantara PGRI Kediri, particularly those in the English department, use a variety of online learning support applications, in order to facilitate online learning. One application that is used for frequent is Zoom Application. The purpose of this study is to find the use of Zoom application to support online learning, and the advantages and disadvantages of Zoom application during the pandemic time for English department students at University of Nusantara PGRI Kediri. This study used qualitative research as its technique. 22 first-graders (second semester) volunteered as subjects for data collection. Interview and questionnaire chosen as its data collecting technique. The findings of the data analysis display that the use of the zoom application can bridges the online learning as well as teacher and student interactions while on the other hand, zoom application has advantages and disadvantages that must be considered.


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Never before have we lived in such a materialistic environment as we do today. Our daily life takes place in the context of an abundance of commodities whose duration is limited artificially. In a short time the objects will lose value and become functionally or symbolically useless, to make way for a new range of refurbished items ready to restart the vertiginous cycle of birth–use–obsolescence–waste.

Keywords:

commodity;
consumerism;
consumption


High indium content InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells (QWs) are useful for modulator and intersubband applications. Growth of these highly strained QWs on GaAs has been facilitated by the use of a linearly graded InGaAs buffer. We present here growth studies performed on these QW structures. Buffer parameters including buffer substrate temperature, buffer grading rate, and final buffer indium composition are studied. QW parameters including QW substrate temperature, the use of GaAs interface smoothing layers, and barrier substrate temperature are also investigated. Using near optimized growth conditions, narrow linewidth intersubband transitions are demonstrated.


The prosthetic wearing habits of seventy children with unilateral congenital absence of the hand were reviewed. These consisted of twenty-four children with acheiria, thirty-one with adactylia, and fifteen with aphalangia.

Four types of functional prostheses were used for these patients: the inactive spatula, the Dorrance hook, and the Dorrance hand. A cosmetic glove was prescribed for five children.

Thirty-nine of these children were wearing a prosthesis at the time of writing. Twenty-two were wearing it at all times, seventeen only for specific activities.

Thirty-one children rejected the prosthesis, nineteen primarily after one or two clinic visits, and twelve after having used it for periods of ten months to seven years.

The factors that were observed to influence a child's prosthetic wearing habits are described and the observations of the functions of children with and without a prosthesis are reported. We are of the opinion that surgical construction of an opposition post is not warranted for this deformity.


Efficient numerical procedures are developed for model-order reduction of a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems. Based on the solution of a set of linear-matrix inequalities, the Petrov–Galerkin projection concept is utilized to set up the structure of the reduced-order nonlinear model that preserves the input-to-state stability while ensuring an acceptable approximation error. The first numerical algorithm is based on the construction of a constant optimal projection matrix and a constant Lyapunov matrix to form the reduced-order dynamics. The second proposed algorithm aims to incorporate the output of the original system to correct the instantaneous value of the truncation matrix and maintain an acceptable approximation error even with low-order systems. An extension to uncertain systems is provided. The usefulness and the efficacy of the developed procedures are approved by the consideration of two numerical examples treating a nonlinear low-order system and a high-dimensional system, issued from the discretization of the damped heat-transfer partial-differential equation.


Objective To compare the different effects of continuous and intermittent administration of etidronate disodium in bone formation for osteoporosis.Methods Fifty 3 month old virgin female rats weighing (200±10) g were divided equally into 5 groups:pseudo ovariectomized group (group A), ovariectomized group (group B),estrogen replacement group (group C),intermittent etidronate disodium administered group (group D) and continuous etidronate disodium administered group (group E).Postoperative 30 days,group C was given nylostricl 0 1 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 for 100 d;group D was intermittently given etrdonate disodium 10 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 for 14 d and after 35 d interval the drugs were given once more;group E was continuously given etrdonate disodium 10 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 for 100 d.All rats were given drugs orally and were killed at day 100.The bone density,bone mineral content and bone histomorphometrical study were made.Results The average of BMD values of group A,B,C,D,E were [(47 6±2 7),(31 6±7 0),(38 2±4 9),(41 8±8 4),and (29 4±9 4) ( [AKx-]±s ),mg/cm 2] respectively.The value of group E was significant lower than that of group A and group D ( P 0 01).In bone histomorphmetric study,the average of BV values of group A to E was 63 2%,34 0%,43 9%,50 2%,and 38 2% respectively.Among which the value of the group E and group D appeared to be great significant differences ( P 0 001) as well as the values of OS (group D=15 6%,group E=94 2%, P 0 001) and O.Wi (group D= 5 8 μm, group E=65 0 μm, P 0 001) also showed great significant differences ( P 0 001).The measurement of DTS,STS/DTS,Mlt,MAR and iMAR appears to be zero,in group E. respectively.The value of group E was significant lower than that of group A and group D ( P 0 01).In bone histomorphmetric study,the average of BV values of group A to E was 63 2%,34 0%,43 9%,50 2%,and 38 2% respectively.Among which the value of the group E and group D appeared to be great significant differences ( P 0 001) as well as the values of OS (group D=15 6%,group E=94 2%, P 0 001) and O.Wi (group D= 5 8 μm, group E=65 0 μm, P 0 001) also showed great significant differences ( P 0 001).The measurement of DTS,STS/DTS,Mlt,MAR and iMAR appears to be zero,in group E.Conclusion Continuous administration of etidronate cannot increase the bone formation but causes severe disturbance of bone miner alization compared with the intermittent one.


One of the most striking pieces of medical news in the 1980s revealed the connection between high blood cholesterol and a persons likelihood of developing coronary artery disease. In 1985, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health began the National Cholesterol Education Program, whose goal was to develop a national policy for reducing serum cholesterol. However, the panel that convened to formulate recommendations for screening and treatment was instructed not to consider cost in its deliberations. As Alan Garber and Judy Wagner point out in this article, failure to include costs in the development of guidelines such as these can have "far-reaching, unanticipated effects." This point is especially relevant to the new Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR), which was formed as part of the 1989 budget reconciliation law. One of AHCPR's express mandates is to develop condition-specific treatment guidelines for nationwide use. "If the AHCPR guidelines show...


We greatly appreciated perspective study by Phan-Thien et al.'s "Intracorporeal anastomosis for minimally invasive right colectomy – is it time for wider uptake?". Scientific literature still considers Intracorporeal anstomosis (ICA) for minimally invasive right colectomy as challenging issue, although data seem to support its wider applicability. A systematic review and meta-analysis by Zheng et al. analysed 30 papers (17 retrospective-, 7 prospective-, 3 randomized control trials and 3 case–control studies) comparing 4317 patients, who underwent laparoscopic right emicolectomy (1948 with ICA and 2369 with extracorporeal anastomosis—ECA). Authors proved ICA was related to a lower volume of intraoperative blood loss (P < 0.01), earlier bowel recovery associated with shorter time to first flatus (P < 0.01) and first defecation (P < 0.01), in addition to lower conversion rate (P = 0.02), shorter length of hospitalization (P < 0.01), shorter incision length (P < 0.01) and less frequent rate of wound infection (P < 0.01). Zheng et al. did not find any discrepancies either in operation times, number of harvested lymph nodes, anastomotic leakage and ileus (P > 0.05). A systematic review and meta-analysis by Liang et al. evaluated a total of five observational cohort studies, by comparing 585 patients who underwent robotic right emicolectomy. Authors recorded a lower rate of anastomotic leak (P = 0.03), shorter time to first flatus (P = 0.003) and also longer operative time (P = 0.0002). Updated meta-analysis that included five randomized controlled trials by Zhang et al. and compared 559 patients found ICA as associated with shorter time to first flatus (P = 0.0005) and first stool passage (P < 0.00001), visual analogue pain scale on postoperative day (POD) 3/4/5 (P = 0.002, P = 0.01, P = 0.0007), length of incision (P = 0.0001) and wound infection (P = 0.02). The most recent scientific studies highlight ICA safety and higher effectiveness when compared to ECA in right emicolectomy. Therefore, as Phan-Thien et al. suggested, a more frequent use of such anastomotic method would be strongly recommended.


Abstract The environmental costs associated with coastal aquaculture, though poorly understood, can in some cases be quite large. The presence of risk, uncertainty and insufficient monitoring can greatly reduce the power of traditional economic instruments such as environmental taxes and tradable permit systems to internalize these costs. Using the Texas shrimp farming industry as a specific example, this article explores the potential of environmental assurance bonds (EABs) as an alternative economic instrument to internalize environmental costs of aquaculture production under such conditions. Drawing from previous literature, an explicit distinction is made between two mechanisms simultaneously incorporated in the EAB: a deposit‐refund incentive and social insurance. The article discusses the role of each of these mechanisms in shifting the environmental costs of production back to firm. Practical application of EABs in the Texas coastal shrimp farming industry is then examined.


Objective To study the clinical effect of treatment in patients with diabetic kidney disease(DKD) at different stages. Methods A total of 40 cases of DKD with urinary protein 0. 5 g /24 h in this hospital during August 2010 to August 2013 were selected as early group,then 40 cases of DKD with urinary protein ≥ 0. 5 g /24 h were allocated as middle group,and they were treated with valsartan and benazepril for 3 months for lowering blood pressure and lipids,then their blood pressure,blood glucose,HbA1c,serum creatinine,urea nitrogen,the urinary protein excretion rate and other indicators were examined and compared,and 80 patients of them were followed up for 12 months. Results After treatment,the BP,and blood levels of glucose and HbA1c were decreased in these 2 groups,and the difference in these indicators between pre-treatment and post-treatment was statistically significant(P 0. 05). The difference in UPER of early group before and after treatment was statistically significant(P 0. 05); the degree of changes in UPER of patients in second group before and after treatment was not statistically significant(P 0. 05). The difference in changes of BUN,Ccr and Scr in these two groups before and after treatment was statistically significant(P 0. 05). The 1 year renal survival rates in these 2 groups were 97. 50% and 72. 50% respectively,and their difference was statistically significant(P 0. 05). Conclusion Clinical intervention on patients with DKD,the benefit for patients with early DKD is the greatest.


Air, as one of the components of the environment, is the most essential requirement in supporting life. Metabolism in the bodies of living things cannot occur without air oxygen. Air can be grouped into outdoor air and indoor air. Indoor air quality dramatically affects human health because almost 90% of human life is indoors. Indoor air quality is a problem that needs attention because it will affect human health. The emergence of poor indoor air quality is generally caused by several things, namely lack of air ventilation (52%), sources of indoor pollution (16%), outdoor pollution (10%), microbes (5%), and building materials (4 %). ), others (13%). Sources of air pollution can also come from household activities, starting from the kitchen in the form of smoke. According to several studies, air pollution from kitchens contributes significantly to ARI. The novelty of this research is that it examines ambient air quality and generator emissions. The study aimed to analyze Ambient Air Quality and Generator Emissions at PT Rekso National Foods (MC Donalds) in Gorontalo City. The results showed that the surrounding air quality still met the requirements, both CO, TSP, PM10, PM 2.5 and generator emissions. However, the noise factor still does not meet the threshold standard. This study concludes that all variables still meet predetermined threshold values except for the noise variable, which exceeds the threshold value.


I NVESTMENTS in fire and casualty insurance stocks have generally proven relatively unrewarding in recent years, but several industry developments suggest that it may be appropriate to review again the prospects for this basic and important industry. The first section of this article will describe the growth of the industry as compared to gross national product, while later sections discuss underwriting profitability, investment income, tax status, and other important industry trends and developments. The final topics reviewed are accounting adjustments and stock market performance; in addition, tables are included to give statistical support to the comments contained herein.


The conodonts are divided into the Westergaardodinida and Conodontophorida orders. The latter (conodonts proper) are divided into 8 superfamilies. The Distacodontacea (Proconodontidae, Clavohamulidae, and Distacodontidae families) are on the whole a simple, 'primitive' group. The Chirognathacea include Oistodus (s.str.), Chirognathus, and Rhipidognathus. The Panderodontacea are mainly simple cones. The Prioniodinacea have compound, non-blade elements. The Prioniodontacea include the Periodontidae, Prioniodontidae, Balognathidae, and Icriodontidae families. Bryantodontace, Gondolellacea, and Polygnathacea are based on platform-stock genera. The Polygnathacea (spathognathodon-tids, polygnathids, and indiognathodontids) may comprise two major stocks independent since the Ordovician.


Small but significant x-ray magnetic circular dichroic (XMCD) absorptions are observed from an exchange-coupled Co/Cu multilayer at the Cu K edge. Multiple-scattering calculations including the spin-orbit interaction show that the Cu dichroism is almost entirely due to the spin-dependent scattering of photoelectrons by the exchange potentials of Co atoms at the interface. Possible small magnetic moments induced on Cu account for a marginal fraction of the observed Cu dichroism. The calculated XMCD spectra are highly sensitive to the local magnetic structure around the x-ray absorbing site. Layer-resolved magnetic absorption spectra calculated near the K edge of Cu demonstrate that the core excitation on the interface layer dominates the mean XMCD spectrum from the Cu film. Discussion is extended on the effect of interface roughness and the determination of the spin asymmetry of delocalized electrons in Cu layers in the context of the exchange coupling of Co/Cu.


(Phys.org) —Changes in the bases that make up DNA act as markers, telling a cell which genes it should read and which it shouldn't. In the journal Angewandte Chemie, a British team has now introduced a new method that makes it possible to enrich the rare gene segments that contain the modified base hydroxymethylcytosine and to identify individual hydroxymethylcytosine molecules in DNA. Such modifications are associated with autoimmune diseases and cancer.


The paper presents an environment for creating, editing, tracing and running, saving and loading algorithms in a flowchart form. It can be used in any educational process whenever the basics of algorithms are to be learned. The requirements, design of the system and its implementation are presented. Two modules are developed: for a trainer to fill in the system with the problems on creating algorithms and their right solutions in the form of a flowchart, and for a trainee to solve these problems by creating and tracing algorithms and gaining skills in algorithms construction.


[1] Waves with frequencies in the vicinity of the proton cyclotron frequency and its harmonics are commonly observed from the Fast Auroral Snapshot spacecraft when traversing regions of auroral particle acceleration. In areas of upward current, large-amplitude electromagnetic waves with frequencies within 5% of the local proton gyrofrequency Ωp and its harmonics are often observed where upstreaming ion beams exist. These waves have electric field (E1) and magnetic field (B1) amplitudes of up to 1 V m−1 and 2 nT with the ratio E1/B1 as small as c. The waves occur in the low-altitude portion of the primary auroral acceleration potential, where plasma densities are ≤1 cm−3. It is shown how these waves grow through inverse Landau resonance with a cold field-aligned electron beam superimposed on an accelerated and magnetically mirrored plasma sheet electron component in the absence of any significant plasma densities at energies below ∼100 eV. Significantly, the drift velocity of the cold beam (voeb) is several times larger than its thermal velocity veb, and it is this feature that allows the wave to become electromagnetic at cyclotron harmonics while simultaneously giving rise to broadband electrostatic emissions spanning the first few cyclotron harmonics as is observed.


This study will examine the genre analysis of the contents of Hamid's letter to Zainab contained in the novel "Di bawah Lindungan Ka'bah" by Buya Hamka. The subject of this research is Hamid's letters. The object of research is genre. The data obtained is the documentation of their letters contained in the novel. The method used to analyze the data is a qualitative descriptive method. Data analysis uses genre theory because it can conclude the analysis from the types of discourse, as well as describe its substance. The results showed that Hamid's letter to Zainab contained 6 purpose sentences, 1 rhetorical structure. Meanwhile, for the realization of the use of linguistic forms using the LFS (Systemic Functional Linguistics) method, there are data; Mental processes = 9 processes, Material processes = 11 processes, behavioral processes = 2 processes, relational processes = 5 processes. Then after conducting further analysis of this research, we can conclude that Hamid's letter to Zainab belongs to the type of descriptive discourse


The issues of admissibility and controller design for a class of extended T-S fuzzy discrete singular systems (FDSSs) with distinct difference item matrices are discussed in this article. A new augmented system which is the equivalent of the original system is introduced to convert these distinct difference item matrices into the easy treatment form. On this basis, using the fuzzy Lyapunov function (FLF), relaxed sufficient condition is given to ensure the admissibility of unforced systems. This condition is described via strict linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which facilitates to analyze the admissibility. Meanwhile, the design methods of parallel and nonparallel distributed compensation (PDC and Non-PDC) controllers are also proposed. Finally, the advantages of the developed admissibility and controller design approach are illustrated by three examples.


The present essay identifies the defining feature of Armah's first novel as changelessness in the negative carried by language steeped in scatology. It pitches this reading against Armah's later efforts at signaling missed optimism. The later reading raises also technical considerations that should make the novel's scatology less irritating to readers' senses. This essay argues that the changelessness derives from the perspective that frames the novel. That perspective, cast in the metaphysical method of reflection, conceives the world as made up of things 'ready-made', 'rigid'. This, the essay argues, forbids the possibility of change and regeneration that Armah reads, post facto, into the novel.


This paper introduced the effect of the polymer blend on the hydrophilicity, structure and performance of polyamide alloy membranes and the effect of polyamide/P 2 compatibility on the structure, permeability and separation properties of polyamide alloy membranes.


 air density c L , c M , c N moment coefficients about X, Y and Z aircraft axes cX, Y , cZ force coefficient in X, Y and Z aircraft axis direction c L lift coefficient c D drag coefficient P angular velocity component along aircraft X axis Q angular velocity component along aircraft Y axis R angular velocity component along aircraft Z axis U aircraft linear velocity component along aircraft X axis V aircraft linear velocity component along aircraft Y axis W aircraft linear velocity component along aircraft Z axis


ABSTRACT Introduction: Erectile dysfunction is a common and severe adverse effect after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Research on post-surgical erectile dysfunction has so far mostly focused on physiology, prevalence, related factors, and treatment. This review takes a broader approach adding an integrated theory of sexuality as well as social, relational, and psychological perspectives. Areas covered: In this updated review, we have incorporated recent data concerning erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy regarding theories of sexuality and masculinity, relevant aspects of sexual function, management of erectile dysfunction, psychological reactions to and interventions toward erectile dysfunction in men treated for prostate cancer, and finally social attitudes towards sex in elderly people. Expert commentary: The physiological and patient-only approach to erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy has definite limitations. In the future this problem must be approached in a broader perspective in order to reach optimal sexual life for the patients and their partners.


Policies related to urban development and regeneration have prompted a need for greater levels of information concerning vacant land and property. A need is identified to create efficient use (and reuse) of existing real estate. Drawing on information primarily collected for property taxation, a methodology is presented to create comprehensive data sets relating to vacant non-domestic buildings to help identify the type, size and location of long-term vacant property. The case is made for this methodology to be extended and for improved access to comprehensive data to enable scarce real estate resources to be used in a more sustainable manner.


The Steganography is to hiding secret information in different texts. Now a day's various hiding techniques such as Image, Video, and Audio and ECG steganography are developed. This paper has concise review of various steganography techniques. The comparison of different techniques has been done on the basis of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSC), bit error rate (BER), Percentage Residual Difference (PRD), Kullback-Leibler (KL), TICK TIME, etc.


PURPOSE: A probe block and a drive integrated circuit (IC) for testing a display panel, and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to inspect the display panel manufactured with a fine pitch in a semi-finished state and extend the life of the drive IC. CONSTITUTION: A probe block (100) comprises a probe body (110) and a drive IC (120). The drive IC allows a metal sheet bonded to the top of an outer lead bonding (OLB) pattern to be in contact with the electrode of a display panel (200) and applies a signal to the display panel with a mounted drive chip. The probe body supports the drive IC. The OLB pattern is connected to the drive chip and is defined in correspondence with the electrode of the display panel. The drive IC includes the drive chip and a contact portion. The drive chip applies the signal to the display panel. The contact portion allows the metal sheet to be in contact with the electrode of the display panel to transmit the signal of the drive chip to the display panel.


Objective: To investigate the nutritious effects of IGF, HGF and Gln on intestinal mucosal precursor cells in vitro.Methods: Different combinations of IGF,HGF and Gln were used to observe their effects on the expansion and development of the cultured intestinal mucosal precursor cells.Results: The combination of IGF,HGF and Gln could markedly promote the expansion of cultured intestinal mucosal precursor cells.Although IGF or HGF alone could promote the expansion of intestinal mucosal precursor cells, they had little effects on the development.On the contrary,Gln alone can promote the development of intestinal mucosal precursor cells,but it had little effects on their expansion.Conclusion: IGF,HGF or Gln alone has little effects on the expansion and development of the intestinal mucosal precursor cells.When they are used together,they can efficiently provide the essential stimuli for the expansion of the cultured intestinal mucosal precursor cells in vitro and enable the recombination of the different cells and formation of intestinal mucosa-like structure in vitro.


Efficient navigation towards an audio-goal necessitates an embodied agent to not only possess the ability to use audio-visual cues effectively, but also be equipped to actively (but occasionally) seek human/oracle assistance without sacrificing autonomy, e.g., when it is uncertain of where to navigate towards locating a noisy or sporadic audio goal. To this end, we present CAVEN -- a conversational audio-visual embodied navigation agent that is capable of posing navigation questions to a human/oracle and processing the oracle responses; both in free-form natural language. At the core of CAVEN is a multimodal hierarchical reinforcement learning (RL) setup that is equipped with a high-level policy that is trained to choose from one of three low-level policies (at every step), namely: (i) to navigate using audio-visual cues, or (ii) to frame a question to the oracle and receive a short or detailed response, or (iii) ask generic questions (when unsure of what to ask) and receive instructions. Key to generating the agent's questions is our novel TrajectoryNet that forecasts the most likely next steps to the goal and a QuestionNet that uses these steps to produce a question. All the policies are learned end-to-end via the RL setup, with penalties to enforce sparsity in receiving navigation instructions from the oracle. To evaluate the performance of CAVEN, we present extensive experiments on the SoundSpaces framework for the task of semantic audio-visual navigation. Our results show that CAVEN achieves upto 12% gain in performance over competing methods, especially in localizing new sound sources, even in the presence of auditory distractions.


The present invention discloses a camera tripod wire, constituted by the sleeve member, the sleeve body is composed of two or more of the inner and outer tubes sleeved, elevating means is positioned between the two sockets is provided, the tubular body between the connection portion and a stopper ring provided with a limit stop ring, wherein said positioning means lifting the outer wall of the tube is provided by a wall and the teeth provided with the inner wall of the locking device may be configured to engage the teeth end of the tube locking device is connected via control lines with a control means adjustment. Adjusting one end connected to the control line to the control means, one end of the control arm is provided with a hinge shaft constituting a fulcrum. The present invention is easy to use, effective locking, durability and other advantages.


The finding that countries' investment rates are highly correlated with their national saving rates has been confirmed by many studies. Our interpretation of the saving-investment evidence is that the hypothesis of a high degree of substitutability for claims on physical capital located in different countries is not supported by the data. High international substitutability for bonds would imply the same for physical capital if capital were perfectly substitutable for bonds within each country, but there is no more reason for this assumption to hold than for the assumption that all goods are perfect substitutes.


In this work, a new approach for optimizing multiple performance characteristics in turning Al-SiCp metal matrix composite (MMC) is attempted. Desirability fuzzy approach is used to optimize process parameters viz., spindle speed (N), feed (f) and dept of cut (d) that minimizes surface roughness (Ra) and maximizes metal removal rate (MRR). The approach obtains desirability fuzzy grade value for the multiple responses using individual desirability value. The optimum parameters were obtained based on desirability fuzzy grade value and the response table/response graph for each level of the machining parameters was obtained. It is observed that the combination of turning parameters as N=1200 rpm, f=0.22 mm/rev and d=1.0 mm (i.e., N3–f2–d3) were obtained as optimal parameters producing minimum Ra and maximum MRR as 2.64 μm and 33.19 cm3/min respectively. Confirmation test of the predicted result shows that the error is within the range of 1.0 %. This clearly shows the proposed approach is found simple and effective tool for optimizing the complicated multiple performance characteristics.


The Italian project TECSIS includes several research projects about the application of advanced new technologies in the field of archeological research, maintenance, supervision and valorization of the historical and artistic patrimony. One research line regards the development of a prototypal robotic vehicle dedicated to underwater archeology. The prototype would be a hybrid underwater vehicle, that is a modular system capable to work both as an AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle), as well as a ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle), depending upon the different situations and applications. The HMI would be comprehensive of an ergonomic guidance system, for the ROV modality, software modules for interactive mission planning (only AUV modality), various visualization screens, and a database management system to maintain an up to date archive of digital maps of archeological sites, with camera images and important scientific data acquired during the surveys.


Resink, J.W., Van Den Hurk, R., Groeninx van Zoelen, R.F.O. and H&man, E,A., 1987. The seminal vesicle as source of sex attracting substances in the African catfish, Clariaa gariep~n~. Aqwculture, 63: 115-127. Attraction tests were performed with female African catfish placed in a U-shaped two-choice maze. A conspecific was placed in both ends of the aquarium behind a perforated partition. An unovulated female fish allowed to choose between water containing a male and water containing a female conspecific did not show an obvious preference. After hormonally induced ovulation, however, females spent more time at the side of the male fish. Such a preference was absent in ovulated anosmie females. When confronted with a male fish from which the seminal vesicle was extirpated and an intact male fish, female fish spent more time on the side of the latter after ovulation. Removal of the testes and a subsequent enlargement of the seminal vesicle made males more attractive for ovulated females. These resnlts indicate that shortly after ovnlation, female African cat&h are attracted by male conspecifics, and that the male pheromone originates from the seminal vesicle. Subjection to an ovulated female appeared to induce a rise in circulating gonadot~pin in both male and female catfish.


This article reports the management of 675 patients requiring warfarin cessation prior to surgery over a six-year period. The management of warfarin cessation was uniform involving an institutionally developed guideline in which 405 patients at high risk of thromboembolic events were prescribed Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) bridging prior to surgery. In this retrospective cohort review there were no cases of preoperative thromboembolic events after cessation of warfarin therapy in either low risk or highrisk thromboembolism patients and no cases of bleeding prior to surgery in patients receiving (LMWH) bridging prior to surgery. Haemorrhagic complications occurred more commonly in patients who received LMWH bridging therapy and are common overall than thrombotic complications. Thromboembolic complications only occurred in patients who were not returned to warfarin therapy according to the institutional guidelines developed for these patients. This study adds a large number of patients with standardised preoperative and postoperative management to the body of knowledge on this topic and will inform future studies in this specialist area. Introduction The ideal management of patients scheduled for elective surgery, who are receiving long term warfarin therapy, is still debated despite described protocols for some conditions [1-6]. The role of Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin 'bridging' therapy for those patients on long term warfarin treatment scheduled for elective surgery has been clarified for some patient groups in the BRIDGE study [1]. The contribution of continued preoperative warfarin treatment or 'bridging' therapy to haemorrhagic complications following major surgery is assumed in case series reported in the literature but the contributory factors have not been confirmed [6-9]. Additionally, the postoperative management of patients returning to their longterm warfarin therapy has been identified as contributing to both thromboembolic and bleeding events [6,10]. Consequently, optimal guidelines for pre-operative and post-operative management have not been clearly defined for all patients. In particular, the optimal management of high risk patients (e.g. presence of mechanical heart valves, Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) in the previous 3 months or hypercoagulable state) remains to be clearly defined. The recent publication of the BRIDGE randomised controlled trial has clarified some aspects of clinical care particularly for low risk patients (e.g. non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF), DVT more than 3 months previously, biological heart valve in situ more than 3 months) [1]. Prior to this the best guidelines available to inform perioperative practice were derived from observational studies, meta-analyses and reviews based on the published data coupled with expert opinion [6,11-14]. There is one prospective Inception Cohort Management Study of 1,262 patients from the Italian Federation of Centres for the Diagnosis of Thrombosis and Management of Antithrombotic Therapies (FCSA) but this study only recruited 295 patients with high risk of thromboembolism [10]. A retrospective cohort study of 1812 procedures in 1178 patients was published in 2015 [6]. This article reports the experience of one Australian University Hospital in managing 675 patients on long term warfarin therapy, 405 of which were at high risk of thromboembolism and required LMWH (Enoxaparin) bridging who presented for major and intermediate elective surgery over 6 years. Management was by a single perioperative protocol guiding cessation of warfarin therapy in the preoperative phase and also the reintroduction of Citation: Brew S (2018) Management of Elective Surgery Patients on Long Term Warfarin Bridged with Enoxaparin. Anesth Med Pract J: AMPJ-128. DOI: 10.29011/ AMPJ-128. 100028 2 Volume 2018; Issue 01 warfarin in the postoperative period. Materials and Methods 1928 patients receiving long-term warfarin therapy were assessed in the perioperative clinic before surgery. 1253 patients were excluded from the analysis because their operation did not require warfarin to be ceased. In the remaining 675 patient's warfarin management was dictated by the perioperative anticoagulation risk stratification flow. Patients were risk stratified to a High Risk or Low Risk hospital protocol according to the reason for long term warfarin treatment and associated patient comorbidities (Table 1). Low Embolic Risk Patients High Embolic Risk Patients Atrial Fibrillation without valvular heart disease or previous stroke or embolus Atrial Fibrillation with valvular heart disease or previous stroke or embolus Cardiomyopathy without heart failure, previous stroke or embolus Cardiomyopathy with heart failure, previous stroke or embolus Biological heart valves EXCEPT during first 3 months Biological heart valves ONLY during first 3 months Previous history (>3 months prior) uncomplicated DVT Previous history (<3 months prior) uncomplicated DVT Cerebrovascular disease (intracranial stenosis) Multiple pulmonary emboli or DVT Post myocardial infarction (mural thrombus prophylaxis) History of DVT/PE with laboratory confirmed hypercoagulable state Vascular surgical prosthetic grafts. Past systemic arterial emboli. Post vascular stent insertion Mechanical Mitral or Aortic Valve Table 1: Risk stratification of patients taking long term warfarin. Patients at Low Risk of thromboembolic complications were managed as described in Table 2 and those at High Risk of thromboembolic complications were managed according to Table 3. (Tables 2 and Table 3). LOW Embolic Risk management before surgery Take last warfarin on Day -6, (i.e. miss 5 days' pre-op) Measure INR on Day -4. If INR >5 review with treating medical team/anaesthetist/consult with haematologist. Measure INR on Day-1, If INR > 1.5 then repeat INR on Day of procedure. On Day of procedure, if INR >1.5 on Day -1, repeat INR. If still >1.5 consider delay procedure/administer Prothrombinex 25units/kg IV stat. Table 2: Hospital protocol for the management of LOW embolic risk patients before surgery.


This paper presents a design of phase-locked loop suitable for the clock generation of DSP applications. The challenge of a low-jitter PLL is observed in the design tradeoff between noise contributions and bandwidth choice. An extra logic scheme with a PFD (phase/frequency detector) is applied in the lock detection. For power noise at low and high frequencies, the proposed VCO is proven by analysis and simulation. The supply sensitivity of the measured VCO is less than 0.5%/V over a large operation range. The measured loop bandwidth is 325 kHz, and the rms value of long-term jitter is 40 ps. The power consumption of the PLL core is 5.5 mW at 2.5 V. The overall circuit is implemented in a 0.35 /spl mu/m 1P4M standard CMOS process with a supply range of 1.3 to 3.3 V and the occupied area of the proposed PLL is 460/spl times/560 /spl mu/m/sup 2/.


This paper presents a feedforward-feedback framework to control a piezoelectric-actuated positioning system. In the proposed control structure, the inverse Bouc-Wen model is used as the feedforward controller to compensate hysteresis; and a PI controller as feedback compensator. To obtain the parameters of the inverse Bouc-Wen model, a recursive identification method is applied. Then, the PI controller is calculated. After simulation, the proposed approach is implemented on a two-axis piezoelectric-actuated micro-positioning system. The experimental results show the advantage of the proposed solution particularly for high-frequency reference in comparison to a feedback control structure. Also, the selection of an appropriate model with few parameters results in lower computational load which is a major concern in digital implementation.


Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type I (HSAN‐I) is an axonal peripheral neuropathy leading to progressive distal sensory loss and severe ulcerations. Mutations in SPTLC1 and SPTLC2, encoding the two subunits of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), the enzyme catalyzing the first and rate‐limiting step in the de novo synthesis of sphingolipids, have been reported to cause HSAN‐I. Here, we demonstrate that the SPTLC1 mutations p.S331F and p.A352V result in a reduction of SPT activity in vitro and are associated with increased levels of the deoxysphingoid bases 1‐deoxy‐sphinganine and 1‐deoxymethyl‐sphinganine in patients' plasma samples. Stably expressing p.S331F‐SPTLC1 HEK293T cell lines likewise show accumulation of deoxysphingoid bases, but this accumulation is not observed in HEK293T cells overexpressing p.A352V‐SPTLC1. These results confirm that the increased formation of deoxysphingoid bases is a key feature for HSAN‐I as it is associated with all pathogenic SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 mutations reported so far, but also warrant for caution in the interpretation of in vitro data. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Studies on the level of self-compatibility and incompatibility in cauliflower were conducted under the Chotanagpur (Bihar) agro-climatic conditions. Presence of fully self-compatible to self-incompatible forms were observed. The studies indicated good scope for undertaking varietal improvement programmes and also seed production on a commercial scale in Indian cauliflowers under the Chotanagpur region.


West Timor was known as one of Bali cattle producing area. Bali cattle was kept in extensive and semi-intensive  system. A research was conducted to study Carcass Productivity of Bali Cattle. The research was carried out  in Kupang-East Nusa Tenggara from March to May 2008. Sixty three Bali cattle comprising twenty eigth male and theerty five female were used in this study. The experiment used a Completely  Randomized Factorial  Design (2x3). To study carcass productivity, sex class (male and female) and slaughter  weight group ( 220 kg) were used as the factors. The result of this study showed that no interaction effect between sex and slaughter weight on carcass productivity. Male cattle had higher carcass percentage and commercial cut weights than female cattle. Keywords: carcass, Bali cattle


tions, is both an art and a science. More often it is approached only as an art. But to have a successful promotion, it must also be viewed as a science. Evaluating the plan and analysing the business impact of the crafts to the public, involve a professional sense. A precise interpretation of related figures in the crafts presentation could be done through innovative displays. And this could ultimately bring more profits and advancement for the traditional crafts. Man has always acquired souvenirs from places he has visited. And in the exhibition of arts and crafts, this presents a tremendous business opportunity. Giving the exhibition visitor a craft product to take home or as a remembrance of his trip is beneficial financially as well as culturally The balance between art and science reflects the dual goal of marketing crafts: education and profit. Exhibition of arts and crafts should therefore pursue to achieve the folPromoting Folk Arts and Crafts: Through Innovative Concepts of Exhibition Display by Prof. Bertoldo J. Manta


Land use/land cover (LULC) changes influence the ecological function, consequence on ecosystem services, which are tightly linked to human wellbeing. However, quantification of the LULC changes and identifying the underlying factors remain patchy particularly in developing nations, despite this information is crucial to propose a feasible restoration action. Therefore, this study investigates the land use/land cover changes and its drivers in central Rift Valley, Ethiopia. GIS and Remote sensors i.e. Landsat 5 (TM), and Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRs) imagery sensors acquired from USGS, and field observation were used. Using the supervised classification method and the support of ArcGIS 10.5 and ERDAS IMAGINE 2014, all images were classified into various land cover types. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and structured questionnaire surveys were used to investigate the drivers of LULC change. NDVI was used to detect the vegetation cover change. Woodland, grassland, and barren lands were the major LULC types identified in this study. After 28 years, the woodland cover increased from 20.6% to 40.2% whereas the barren land decreased from 43.4% to 22.6%. Grassland showed very slight increment, i.e. from 35.9% to 36.9%. This implies that area enclosure plays a significant role in the restoration of degraded lands. The highest NDVI values (0.6) were determined in the year 2022 at the end of the classification. Focus group discussants and key informants confirmed that human-induced factors were the major drivers of LULC changes in the study area. Our findings indicated that human interventions are the key determinants of land use/land cover dynamics, and as a result, enforcement of the law and public education campaigns to change human behavior in support of the area enclosure approach are essential to restoring degraded land for the benefit and wellbeing of humans and nature while also advancing the achievement of the global goals.


The multiple quantum well (MQW) probe technique has provided information of the depth distribution of dry‐etch‐induced damage. The observed changes in the quantum well cathodoluminescence intensities or peak positions have been uniquely attributed to the dry etching process. There are indications, however, that this premise may not be justified for some applications. Two studies are described, which we have carried out to establish critical calibrations of the MQW probe technique. A slow, carefully controlled wet etch of the starting MQW probe structure allowed us to observe a reduction in luminescence intensity of quantum wells located less than 20 nm from the surface. The other study reveals that the thicknesses and relative ordering of the quantum wells may influence the interpretation of the MQW data.


To the Editor:— We wish to avail ourselves of this opportunity to correct an error that was inadvertently made under figure 5 on page 2128 of the issue ofThe Journalof Dec. 25, 1937, when reference was made to the treatment of the patient by Dr. Samuels for seven years. Dr. Samuels has informed us that the patient was treated by him from Sept. 18, 1929, to Aug. 13, 1931, approximately two years.


From December 2006 to June 2007, a French Mod funded airborne campaign was conducted in France. The main objective was to generate a database of both radar and EOS data in support of future Air to Ground studies. THALES and ONERA were involved. This paper focuses on THALES SAR data collection. This campaign offered the first flight trials opportunity for the THALES radar prototype called MARSE. MARSE can collect SAR data with respect to a wide range of SAR modes (high resolution-long range-wide swath-high recording capabilities). That makes it perfectly suitable for building a SAR database dedicated to both fire control applications and UAV applications (as required by French Mod). This paper focuses on High Resolution SAR imaging at long range, using long collecting time (up to 1 minute). Actually, the collected data was used to assess the SAR processing capabilities for getting high quality images with low computation load.


General secretary Jiang Zemin's address on July 1st is the new distribution of modem CPC to Marxism CPC' construction theory. There are three main creations of CPC's construction theory indicated in "three representations" that: to review and dissertate CPC's important construction clew at height of era; to summarize scientifically CPC's construction aim at beginning of the new century; theoretical and practical questions needing solving during CPC's construction.


Abstract We explore the properties of sound and human sound recognition as a means to enhance and accelerate visual-only data analysis methods. The aim of this work is to enable and improve the analysis of large data sets, data requiring rapid analysis, multi-dimensional data, and signal detection in data with low signal-to-noise ratio. We present a prototype tool, StarSound, to sonify data such as astronomical transient light curves, spectra, and power spectra. Stereophonic sound is used to 'visualise' and localise the data under examination, and 3-D sound is discussed in conjunction with virtual reality technology, as a means to enhance analysis efficiency and efficacy, including rapid data assessment and training machine learning software. In addition, we explore the use of higher-order harmonics as a means to examine simultaneously multi-dimensional data sets. Such an approach can allow the data to be interpreted in a holistic manner and facilitates the discovery of previously unseen connections and relationships. Furthermore, we exploit the capability of the human brain for selective or focused hearing that enables the identification of desired signals in noisy data, or amidst similar or more significant signals. Finally, we provide research examples that benefit directly from data sonification. The work presented here aims to help tackle the challenges of the upcoming era of Big Data and help optimise, speed up and expand aspects of data analysis requiring human interaction.


The desire of visiting Aalto´s work impels the author to go to Finland. A country that can be considered a periphery inside the periphery: from its situation...


Network intrusion prevention application are studied, analyzed vibration optical fiber, cable radiation, infrared radiation, tension fences, high-voltage pulse and other key technologies, proposed safe city, government investment, government rent, lease operator platform, operating mode, and applications in key areas of finance, police, parks and other surveillance industry.


In the humid tropics, a ready-market environment for export-oriented tree crops may lead to farming systems generating one overwhelming source of monetary revenues. This has been the case for cocoa for decades in West Africa. Whatever the complementary role of food crops and the use of shade trees, cocoa provides more than 90% of the monetary revenues to migrant cocoa farms in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana. The first aim of this study was to update the information available about forms of intercropping or monocropping of the 'big five' tree crops in the humid tropics, cocoa, coffee, oil palm, coconut and rubber. They are considered here as 'shares' at the only 'stock exchange' available to smallholders in the humid zone: tree crops. How do smallholders combine the advantages and disadvantages of these shares to build a portfolio? The second objective was to identify the market factors interacting with other determinants that lead farmers to intercrop these trees in the same farm plot or a different plot. Surveys were conducted with some 500 farmers in the forest zones of Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire. Farm structure data were first recorded, followed by farmers' opinions about advantages and disadvantages of various tree crops, and about the choice of intercropping. Farmers logically tended to opt for 'shares' that bring returns as early as possible. Monthly revenues, adapted to a modern life, was also very much searched for. Food security was not neglected. Some food crops were maintained in mature cocoa farms and still play the local role of 'grocery'. Mainstream markets for the 'big five' do not seem to encourage smallholders to associate tree crops in the same plot, as if farmers were more confident in one share than in a trust fund. However, this leads to a kind of mosaic landscape which is not that far from agroforestry land use. (Texte integral)


&NA; Emil Kraepelin proposed to separate psychiatric disorders with psychotic features into two major categories, dementia præcox (later schizophrenia) and manic‐depressive insanity (later bipolar disorder and major depression). Over the past century, there have been many efforts to categorize conditions that do not fit readily in either group. These conditions include many cases of acute psychotic illnesses of limited duration, with recovery between recurrences. For some of these conditions, Karl Kleist proposed the term cycloid psychosis: acute features were psychotic, as in schizophrenia, but the course was episodic, as in manic‐depression. His concept was later elaborated by Karl Leonhard and Carlo Perris, and validated by modern studies. Leonhard described three overlapping cycloid subtypes (anxiety‐beatific, excited‐inhibited confusional, and hyperkinetic‐akinetic motility dysfunction forms); Perris proposed a more unitary syndrome with operational diagnostic criteria; and recent investigators have considered relatively affective versus thought‐disordered subtypes. The cycloid concept is not explicitly included in standard international diagnostic schemes, but both DSM‐IV and ICD‐10 have broad categories for acute, recurrent psychotic disorders, whose validity remains insecure. We present two cases of probable cycloid psychosis, review the history of the concept, and propose that it be reconsidered as a clinically useful category whose validity and utility for prognosis and treatment can be further tested.(HARV REV PSYCHIATRY 2008;16:167–180.)


Ammonia-methanol complex clusters have been studied by using multiphoton ionization technique and time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Laser with 266 nm,355 nm and 532 nm wavelengths were used as ionized light source, but protonated cluster ions (CH3OH)n(NH3)mH+(n=0~6, m=0~4) were observed only when the 355 nm laser was used. The formation of (CH3OH)n(NH3)mH+ is mainly through proton transfer reaction intra ammonia-methanol clusters ions after laser multiphoton ionization. The curve between laser power and different size cluster ion's intensity indicated that the ionization undergoes a four-photon process. Some possible geometric structures of (CH3OH)n(NH3)mH+ with relatively small sizes were guessed using ab initio calculation method. The structures show that the NH4+ trends as the ion's center, and then it combines with other methanol or ammonia molecule to form the final stable complex cluster ions.


Each country guide is about 250 pages long and covers such topics as: politics and macroeconomics; economy by sector; corporates; resources; infrastructure; trade; foreign investment; banking; capital markets; tax; accounting and auditing.


The failure rate of the network is determined by the number of components, their individual failure rates, and how they are interconnected, as well as certain outside factors. In most existing cable television networks, service outages are more likely to be due to commercial electric power interruption than actual equipment failures. Network reliability can be improved by architectures in which the failure of some network elements does not lead to a communications outage.


Acute infection, if not rapidly and accurately detected, can lead to sepsis, organ failure and even death. Currently, detection of acute infection as well as assessment of a patient's severity of illness are based on imperfect (and often superficial) measures of patient physiology. Characterization of a patient's immune response by quantifying expression levels of key genes from blood represents a potentially more timely and precise means of accomplishing both tasks. Machine learning methods provide a platform for development of deployment-ready classification models robust to the smaller, more heterogeneous datasets typical of healthcare. Identification of promising classifiers is dependent, in part, on hyperparameter optimization (HO), for which a number of approaches including grid search, random sampling and Bayesian optimization have been shown to be effective. In this analysis, we compare HO approaches for the development of diagnostic classifiers of acute infection and in-hospital mortality from gene expression of 29 diagnostic markers. Our comprehensive analysis of a multi-study patient cohort evaluates HO for three different classifier types and over a range of different optimization settings. Consistent with previous research, we find that Bayesian optimization is more efficient than grid search or random sampling-based methods, identifying promising classifiers with fewer evaluated hyperparameter configurations. However, we also find evidence of a lack of correspondence between internal and external validation performance of selected classifiers that complicates model selection for deployment as well as stymies development of clear-cut, practical guidelines for HO application in healthcare. We highlight the need for additional considerations about patient heterogeneity, dataset partitioning and optimization setup when applying HO methods in the healthcare context.


As a bio-based adhesive and environmentally friendly product,soy protein-based adhesive has become a research hot spot. Described same achievements of researches of this adhesive in recent years. It was found that some results could give us several data and methods of research,and it could provide assistance for researchers in their future studies of adhesive.


Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed and dedicated sovereign sensor nodes with confined resources to politely monitor physical and environmental conditions. In recent years, there has been a rising interest in WSN. One of the major confrontations in WSN is developing an energy-efficient routing protocol to enhance the network longevity. With that concern, this work contributes in providing a novel approach called DAO-LEACH (Data Aggregation based Optimal-LEACH) by which the energy efficient routing in WSN is attained based on effective data ensemble and optimal clustering. Aggregating the data sent by cluster members comprehend in draining network load and amending the bandwidth. In order to minimize the energy dissipation of sensor nodes and optimize the resource utilization, cluster head is elected for each cluster. Moreover, the energy efficient route in WSN is obtained by combining the nodes having maximum residual energy. Experimental results have shown that the proposed approach furnishes efficient route for data transmission among the sensor nodes in an adept manner, thereby prolonging the network lifetime. 1. Introduction Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a distributed system consists of a base station and a number of petite wireless sensing devices that incorporate micro sensing, computing and wireless communication capabilities. Data sensed by the sensor nodes in the WSN are eventually transmitted to the base station where the information can be accessed. As a new technology for data collecting and processing, there are an ample range of applications of WSNs in military, commercial, health applications, nuclear power plants and so on. Furthermore, each sensor node of WSN is composed of four substantial blocks namely, sensing unit, processing unit, communication unit and power unit. The sensing unit measures a certain physical condition like temperature and pressure in the deployed environment. The processing unit involves in collecting and processing signals obtained from sensors. The wireless communication unit is responsible for transferring signals from the sensor to the user via the base station (BS). The power unit supports all previous units to provide the required energy in order to carry out the mentioned tasks [6]. The distinctiveness of a sensor node lies in its light weight and tiny size. However, there are a lot of constraints such as confines on resources in terms of memory, energy, computational speed, bandwidth and so on. While analyzing, Energy efficiency has been notorious as the most important issue in research of WSN. Hence, there is of …


The interaction of NO2 with BaO/Al2O3/NiAl(110) model NOx storage materials was investigated at BaO coverages corresponding to practical systems. The results obtained from these model systems show excellent correlation with those of practical systems. We found a specific, strong interaction between BaO and Al2O3, and this interaction profoundly influences the NOx chemistry. BaO readily forms a Ba−aluminate-like surface phase, and upon the interaction with NO2, Ba ions are pulled out from this surface layer to form Ba(NO3)2 clusters.


3D simulation of triode electron gun is performed with regards its structure of multiple-tip field emission cathode. The table of geometrical parameters of electron gun is defined (dg-a/Da=1.5-4.0; dg-a/dg-c=10-4-10-2) as well as the optimal potentials of grid with large scale holes where the electrical field is uniform. Thus the effect of electron lens of grid comes to a minimum and laminar electron flow is formed. The computer modeling of 19- beam electron gun with field emission glassy carbon cathode in magnetic field (N=106cm-2) and planar single-beam electron gun with CNT cathode (N=4·108cm-2) are carried out.


Abstract The issue of the "identity" of comparative education as a field of study or a discipline has been discussed for decades. Yet a kind of systematic structure that provides the basic principles for a coherent exposition of the field remains open. "Comparative education" is no longer conceived as an imaginary field's coherence but, rather in terms of distinct branches of comparative and international studies in education and their underlying issues. Such an understanding is fostered through a deepened awareness of the basic problems, and successive solutions, constitutive of the emergence and further conformations of the comparative approach in education and the social sciences. Thus, academic journal publications of the past decade to shape education policy research within an Asia-Pacific context have been analyzed. Facts of increasing research collaboration, growing policy evaluation research, and growing attention to higher education have been presented. Significant difference in research impact and diffusion between Asia-Pacific and American education policy studies has been shown. Perspectives for future research directions in education policy research in an Asia-Pacific context have been suggested.


In computer science, concepts of resource such as data consumption and of time such as execution time are very important. Logical systems which can treat them have been applied in that field. Linear logic has been called a resource conscious logic. The expressive power is enough to describe a dynamic change in process environments. However, linear logic is not enough to treat a dynamic change in environments with the passage of time since it does not include a concept of time directly. A typical example is the relation between linear logic and Petri nets. It is well known that the reachability problem for Petri nets is equivalent to the provability for the corresponding sequent of linear logic. But linear logic cannot naturally represent timed Petri nets which are extensions of ordinary Petri nets with respect to time concept. So we extend linear logic with respect to time concept in order to introduce a resource-conscious and time-dependent logical system, that is, temporal linear logic. This system has some temporal operators "◦" which means a resource usable only once at the next time, "2" which means a resource usable only once at anytime, and a modal storage operator "!" which means a resource usable any times at anytime. We can show that the reachability problem for timed Petri nets is equivalent to the provability for the corresponding sequent of temporal linear logic. In this paper, we also represent the description of synchronous communication model by temporal linear logic. The expressive power of temporal linear logic will be applicable to various fields of computer science. key words: temporal linear logic, concurrent systems, synchronous communication, timed Petri nets, reachability, decidability.


This study aims to 1) find out the validity of the use of Student Worksheets (LKS) based on the CTL approach, 2) determine the effectiveness of using Student Worksheets (LKS) based on the CTL approach so that it can be used in the Quadrilateral Build Flat material class VII Padang Bulan GKPI Private Middle School Field. This research is a research development (R & D) using the ADDIE learning development model with stages (1) Analysis (Analisis),  (2) Design (Design), (3) Develop (Development), (4) Implement (Implementation), (5) Evaluation (Evaluation). Based on the results of data analysis and discussion, it was obtained data from expert validation results with an average total rating of 4.25 in the very good category so that the LKS was said to be valid and feasible to use. The effectiveness of the LKS based on the CTL approach with the help of GeoGebra was seen from a number of assessments obtained through learning outcomes tests which included: 1) Classical learning completeness of students at 85.18% in the complete category; (2) Achievement of competency indicators with a percentage of 80.08% in the complete category; (3) The results of the observation of the teacher's ability to manage learning with an average value of 3.72 are in the very good category; (4) Effective learning time for four times; (5) Questionnaire of student responses to student worksheets with an average rating of 5.50 is in a very good category and every aspect is responded positively. Based on the results of the above data analysis, it can be concluded that the development of Student Worksheets (LKS) is based on the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach with the help of GeoGebra in the quadrangular Build Flat class VII GKPI Private Middle School Padang Bulan Medan is valid and effective used in supporting the process of learning mathematics.


Dolby AC-3 and MPEG-2 are two different standards for the compression of up to 6 independent digital audio channels into a single it stream. This paper describes a DSPbased integrated circuit which implements the two decoding algorithms, allowing to recover the original pulse code modulation (PCM) information from the encoded bit stream. It describes also the methodology which was employed to design and validate the software embedded on the chip.


IP cameras and digital video recorders, as part of the Internet of Surveillance Things (IoST) technology, can sometimes allow unauthenticated access to the video feed or management dashboard. These vulnerabilities may result from weak APIs, misconfigurations, or hidden firmware backdoors. What is particularly concerning is that these vulnerabilities can stay unnoticed for extended periods, spanning weeks, months, or even years, until a malicious attacker decides to exploit them. The response actions in case of identifying the vulnerability, such as updating software and firmware for millions of IoST devices, might be challenging and time-consuming. Implementing an air-gapped video surveillance network, which is isolated from the internet and external access, can reduce the cybersecurity threats associated with internet-connected IoST devices. However, such networks can also be susceptible to other threats and attacks, which need to be explored and analyzed. In this work, we perform a systematic literature review on the current state of research and use cases related to compromising and protecting cameras in logical and physical air-gapped networks. We provide a network diagram for each mode of exploitation, discuss the vulnerabilities that could result in a successful attack, demonstrate the potential impacts on organizations in the event of IoST compromise, and outline the security measures and mechanisms that can be deployed to mitigate these security risks.


Abstract In an earlier paper (Lawson et al., 2000, Phil. Mug. B, 80, 53) we described the measurement and interpretation of Debye–Waller factors in a δ-phase Pu0.98Ga0.02 alloy. We concluded that the measurements could be described using a Debye model with a strongly temperature-dependent Debye-Waller temperature. In those experiments, we observed significant diffuse scattering in the neutron powder diffraction patterns. In this paper we describe a new technique for analysing diffuse scattering based on Rietveld analysis, and apply the technique to data for δ-phase Pu0.98Ga0.02 and for Pb. The results from the correlations among lattice vibrations show that the diffuse scattering is Warren–Borie scattering and that the diffuse scattering is in basic agreement with that expected from the Debye model except that the scattering from the nearest-neighbour correlations in Pu0.98Ga0.02 is anomalous at high temperatures. We also discuss the observation of significant anisotropic broadening of the diffraction peaks for Pu0.98Ga0.02 at low temperatures.


Lead-free piezoelectric (100-x)Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 TiO 3-x BaTiO 3 solid solution ceramics are investigated by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction over a composition range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 10. Distinct changes in the Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns were discussed in the light of a rhombohedral to tetragonal phase transition. The dominant bands in the Raman spectra were analyzed by observing the changes in their respective peak positions, widths and intensities as the composition increased. Based on these results, it is suggested that the morphotropic phase boundary in the studied system lies at the composition of x ≈ 5.5. This is further evidenced by the X-ray diffraction analysis.


Western Polyphonic Techniques Have Far-Reaching Significance for Chinese Music Creation. Due to Our Country's Vast Territory, Various Cultures and Different Living Customs, the Music Itself is Rich and Varied. the Origin of Choral Art Can Be Traced Back to the Music Used in Christian Ceremonies in European Churches. It Bears the Heavy Responsibility of Cultivating People's Religious Feelings and Restricting People's Thoughts. in a Sense, Choral Art is a Kind of Functional Music. with the Continuous Improvement of Western Music, Western Choral Art Has Gradually Formed a Choral Music Style That Conforms to Westerners' Religious Habits, Humanistic Connotation and Aesthetic Habits. Influenced by the Romanticism Trend in Europe in the 19th Century, the Secular Style of Art Chorus Became the Mainstream. in Order to Enrich and Develop Our Music Creation, We Should Further Study and Study the Successful Experience of Polyphony Writing of Chinese and Foreign Excellent Composers. Based on the Model of Chorus Timbre, This Paper Analyzes the Application of Polyphony in Chinese Chorus Works.


Temperature-dependent sex determination has been demonstrated in some species of fish and tempera-ture during the period of sex differentiation typically produces male or female-dominant population.This research investigated the gonadal sex differentiation and effect of rearing temperature on the sex ratio in larval Amur stur-geon Acipenser schrenckii.In 1.5 days post-hatch,a PGC is visible along the dorsal epithelium of the body cavity,between the mesentery and the kidney.Later,in 3-7 days post-hatch,the numbers of the primordial germ cells(PGC) increased,and gathered into cell cable.At 17-31 dph,PGCs along the mesenteric migrate to below the kidney area and cells together to form the gonadal ridges.When 40-60 dph,the original gonadal development,groups of small cells from kidney area migrate to original gonad,original gonadal columnar epithelial cells.At 90-120 dph,germinal epithelium and cells appears in the original gonad,fat cells and blood vessels increase.Pu-tative ovaries with notches in the germinal epithelium and presumed testes with smooth germinal epithelium ap-peared in 180 days post-hatch,signs of juvenile Acipenser schrenckii already on the level of differentiation of go-nads in anatomy.Ovaries with proliferating oogonia and early meiotic oocytes clusters were observed in 210-day-old juveniles.In a temperature controlled experiment,the proportions of females were 50% at 21℃,43.3% at 15℃,43.3% at 18℃,50% at 24℃,and 46.7%(the same as 1:1 sex ratio) at 27℃.These results suggest that morphological sex differentiation in Amur sturgeon occurs at approximately 180 days after hatch,and though the high temperatures can not change the 1:1 sex ratio in this species,but it can help to promote gonadal devel-opment of juvenile Amur sturgeon.


Diabetic nephropathy (DNP) is a chronic kidney disease caused by diabetes that leads to end stage renal diseases. The disease is being diagnosed clinically by using microalbuminuria test, which is highly nonspecific. Several animal models have been developed to elucidate the pathophysiology of DNP and to identify innovative therapies for preventing the progression of nephropathy. The animals were either induced with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and were allowed to progress to nephropathy. Since DNP is a chronic disease, the most common challenge faced by several investigators is to maintain the animals in diabetic condition for a longer period of time. Although both mice and rat models are used for studying DNP, rats are generally preferred because of the longer life-span. The rat models generally used for type-2 diabetes induced nephropathy are Goto-Kakizaki and obese ZUCKER rats. At the age of 14 weeks, these rats spontaneously develop diabetes and if they are maintained in hyperglycemic state for a time span of 12 months, they progressed to DNP. However, nodular glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis were not observed in these rats, which are the most prominent pathological features observed in human DNP.


This paper tests Brian Leiter's claim that the American legal realists were proto-naturalists in legal philosophy and were therefore immune to objections based on claims that they offered defective analyses of legal concepts. It disputes Leiter's account of the core claim of American realist thought, and reaffirms the view that some of them were engaged in, or presupposed, conceptual work of a kind familiar to analytic jurisprudence. It explains how those who did not intend to offer conceptual analyses nonetheless made conceptual errors. It offers a fresh account of the basis of realist scepticism, deploying the idea of 'permissive sources' of law. The paper concludes with general reflections on the preconditions and prospects for 'naturalizing' jurisprudence, suggesting that Hans Kelsen was correct to think that such efforts are likely to change the subject.


A focused system having non-coincident foci was used to study the phenomenon of non-linear mixing in water. Primary frequencies of 343 kHz and 383 kHz provided a scattered difference frequency of 40 kHz. Enhancement of the difference frequency signal at incipient cavitation was verified. A delay between energization of the system and signal enhancement was linked to the state of non-linearity of the medium and provided strong evidence for the existance of a virtual source at 40 kHz. Directivity measurements of the focused system at 40 kHz revealed a multilobed structure, but the presence of pseudosound degraded the measurements and attempts to correlate the lobe structure with a particular virtual source configuration were unsuccessful. UATE SCHOOL UMI. 93940 TABLE OF CONTENTS


This project investigated the decision process involved in a driver's willingness to engage in various technology-related and non-technology tasks. The project included focus groups and an on-road study, both employing participants who used in-vehicle technologies to at least some degree, from four age groups: teen, young, middle, and older. The focus groups discussed the perceptions, motivations, attitudes, and decision factors that underlie driver choices. The on-road study had two phases: an on-road drive and a take-home booklet. Participants drove their own vehicles over a specified route. They did not actually engage in in-vehicle tasks, but at specified points they rated their willingness to engage in some specific task at that time and place. Eighty-one different situations (combination of in-vehicle task and driving circumstances) were included. Further information was collected in the take-home booklet regarding the participant's familiarity with various in-vehicle technologies, additional situations for willingness and risk ratings, stated reasons underlying ratings, and self-ratings of certain aspects of driving behavior and decision-making style. Together, the focus groups and on-road study provided complementary findings about how drivers decide when to engage in potentially distracting tasks. Driver willingness to engage in various in-vehicle tasks was related to technology type, specific task attributes, driving conditions, personal motivations, driving style, and decision style. Specific project findings were related to potential countermeasure approaches, including public education; driver or device user training; user interface design; needs for warnings and information; criteria for function lock-outs; and driver assist system criteria.


We propose using ions and electrons of energy 1 eV–10 eV for neutralizing the charges on the non-conducting or isolated surfaces of high-sensitivity experiments. The mirror surfaces of the test masses of the laser interferometer gravitational observatory are used as an example of the implementation of this method. By alternatively directing beams of positive and negative charges towards the mirror surfaces, we ensure the neutralization of the total charge as well as the equalization of the surface charge distribution to within a few eV of the potential of the ground reference of the vacuum system. This method is compatible with operation in high vacuum, does not require measuring the potential of the mirrors and is expected not to damage sensitive optical surfaces.


The invention provides a preparation method for a magnetic polymer composite microsphere, which relates to a preparation method for an inorganic-organic composite material and a functional polymer composite material. The method comprises the following steps: 1) preparation of a nanometer Fe3O4 particle: a step of adding an alkaline solution into a compound solution containing Fe and Fe drop by drop under the protection of N2 and then carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing and vacuum drying; 2) preparation of a magnetic calcium alginate gel sphere: a step of uniformly mixing the nanometer Fe3O4 particle with calcium alginate gel and removing Cl on the surface of the gel sphere through washing with water; and 3) preparation of the magnetic polymer composite microsphere: a step of adding the magnetic calcium alginate gel sphere into an acid solution of chitosan, immersing the gel sphere in glutaraldehyde and carrying out magnetic separation and vacuum drying so as to obtain the magnetic polymer composite microsphere. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of easy availability of raw materials, simple operation, high efficiency and the like; and the prepared microsphere has a uniform size, high thermal stability and mechanical stability and a strong adsorptive property, can be recovered and reused and is applicable to fields like wastewater treatment.


air and in the presence of a partial model of the B-52B airplane. The objectives of the test were to obtain force and momentdatatogeneratestructuralloadsaffectingthepylonoftheB-52Bairplaneandtodeterminetheaerodynamic influence of the B-52B on the Hyper-X launch vehicle for evaluating launch separation characteristics. The windtunnel test was conducted at a low-speed wind tunnel in Hampton, Virginia. All moments and forces reported are basedeitheronthe aerodynamic influenceof theB-52B airplaneorarefor theHyper-Xlaunch vehicle infreestream air. Overall, the test showed that the B-52B airplane imparts a strong downwash onto the Hyper-X launch vehicle, reducing the net lift of the Hyper-X launch vehicle. Pitching and rolling moments are also imparted onto the booster and are a strong function of the launch-drop angle of attack.


Longitudinal relaxation times T1 of the 31P nucleus of triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) in the complexes Mg(TPPO)4(CF3SO3)2 and Cd(TPPO)4(BF4)2 were measured in nitromethane solutions at three different frequencies, leading to the determination of the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) contribution to the total relaxation rate. The 31P shielding tensor anisotropy Δσ was measured from NMR static spectra recorded on solid samples, allowing the deduction of correlation times τr corresponding to the reorientation of the species in solution. From the line width of the 17O NMR signal, the 17O quadrupolar coupling constant χ was calculated, the value changing significantly from the free ligand (χ = 4.7 MHz) to bound molecules in complexes (χ = 6.7–7.2 MHz). This was explained by a modification of the electronic distribution around the oxygen atom, mainly due to less π back‐donation from O to P; π‐electron transfer was quantified from χ values using the Townes‐Dailey model. The nature of the interaction with these divalent cations is also discussed. The interaction of TPPO with protic solvents such as water, methanol, trifluoroacetic acid and sulphuric acid was studied using a‐procedure similar to that used for complexes, except for the determination of τr, which was reached from 13C relaxation time measurements on the para‐carbons of the phenyl groups. Variations of Δσ and χ are discussed in terms of hydrogen bonding and interaction with hydrogen ions.


Power saving is an important issue in WSN now days. For minimizing the power usage, the nodes get switching to sleep mode. So, the main objective of this work is to design an improved algorithm for sleep scheduling in WSN. It will provide the concept of synchronous and asynchronous sleep scheduling. It will also provide the concept of adaptive duty cycle and also provides optimization of energy. In this, it will formulate the routing problem as shortest path problem. The proposed mechanism will be implemented with MATLAB.


Purpose: In this report, we had managed to perioperative of mandibular fractures in a patient with severe hyperthyroidism. Methods: A 26-year-old man required emergency admission to the hospital after having a fall and losing consciousness. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a fracture line in the mental region and both sides of the condyle. He had a previous history of hyperthyroidism and was prescribed thiamazole, propranolol hydrochloride, and potassium iodide, but he did not take medicine by self-judgement. His laboratory findings were as follows: FT3, 7.53pg/mL; FT4, 4.26ng/mL; and TSH, undetectable. Therefore, we planned for surgery immediately after his condition improved. We also postponed his maxilla-mandibular fixation (MMF) procedure because there was a probability that MMF procedure caused thyroid crisis. Result: Seventeen days after his injury, he had greatly reduced his risk of having thyroid crisis, he underwent open reduction of his mandibular fractures under general anesthesia. As perioperative management, the patient underwent an opening training and oral care before and after surgery in addition to thyroidal treatment. Conclusion: The procedures prevented adhesion of temporomandibular joint and recovered aperture size. Moreover, we diagnosed agranulocytosis from intraoral lesion and obtained good course in response to early.


Objective To investigate the protective effects of salvia miltiorrhiza(SM) on rat's ischemia-reperfusion injury after pancreaticoduodenal transplantation.Methods The allogeneic SD rats model of heterotopic total pancreaticoduodenal transplantation was established.The isolated pancreases of rats were perfused and stored with calparine balanced solution in which SM were added as an additive agent in the SM group.No SM were added to calparine balanced solution in the control group.The organs were stored at 0 ℃~4 ℃ for 60 min,plasma concentrations of amylase and lipase were examined and histological observation were performed at 12 h after reperfusion.Apoptotic cells were stained by TUNEL technique.Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 protein in pancreatic tissue were detected with immunohistochemical method.Results Histomorphological changes of pancreas in SM group were much lighter than those in control group.The plasma concentrations of amylase and lipase were significantly lower in SM group than those in control group(P0.01).The expressions of Bcl-2 protein in SM group were significantly higher than those in control group(P0.01).The expressions of Bax protein in SM group were significantly lower than those in control group(P0.01).Conclusion SM can decrease pancreatic ischemia-reperfusion injuries by up-regulating Bcl-2 and down-regulating Bax.