11 cm -1 ×eV -1 despite a large structural difference between an amorphous oxide layer and a crystalline silicon substrate. It is roughly estimated that only one defect, such as a dangling bond, exists in 10 4 atomic bonds at the interface. High-k gate dielectric materials are forthcoming instead of SiO2 in MOS devices in order to reduce the gate leakage current. However, a very thin interfacial SiO2 layer is still indispensable to reduce the interface trap density between the high-k material and the Si substrate. Therefore, it is still important to understand the SiO2/Si system. One of the major research subjects for high-k gate dielectric technology is the control of this interfacial layer, because thermal annealing is accompanied by an increase in the electrical thickness of the gate insulator due to growth of an interfacial oxide, even when annealed in a ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) ambient environment. Therefore, it is important to investigate the oxidation mechanism between the high-k material and the Si substrate. In this report we present preliminary results for the observation of ordered oxide in the interfacial SiO2 layer [1]. Experimental A stacked structure of HfSiOx/HfO2 layers was formed by an atomic-layer deposition (ALD) technique, after a 0.5-nm thick SiO2 layer was formed on Si wafers (HfSiOx/HfO2 sample) [2]. The thicknesses of the HfSiOx and HfO2 layers were nominally 1.0 and 1.5 nm, respectively. The high-k gate dielectrics were nitrided using nitrogen radicals, and annealed in a N2-diluted oxygen atmosphere (O2 concentration of 0.004%) at a high temperature of 1000°C (HfSiON/HfON sample). Some of the samples were annealed in a 100% nitrogen atmosphere at 800°C for 3.5 min (annealed HfSiON/HfON sample). X-ray diffraction experiments using synchrotron radiation were performed on BL4C of the Photon Factory (KEK) by employing a four-circle diffractometer with an Si(111) crystal analyzer.


Radiology plays an essential role in modern healthcare and public health, ranging from disease prevention to surveillance, while also providing crucial diagnostic insights and guiding treatment decisions. However, the global healthcare landscape faces a daunting challenge: shortage of radiologists. This issue is not limited to developed nations; even emerging economies such as Mongolia are grappling with the consequences of a diminishing radiologist workforce. In this article, we explore the growing problem of shortage of radiologists from Mongolia's perspective, highlighting their causes and implications.


The in vitro effects of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) on human carbonic anhydrase isozymes (HCA-I and HCA-II) from human erythrocytes and in vivo effects on rat erythrocytes carbonic anhydrase (CA) were determined. Human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase isozymes were purified by haemolysate preparation and Sepharose-4B-L tyrosine-sulfanilamide affinity gel chromatography. The HCA-I enzyme, having a specific activity of 7337.5 EU/mg protein, was purified 843-fold with a yield of 60% and the HCA-II enzyme, having a specific activity of 17067 EU/mg protein, was purified 1962-fold with a yield of 22.7%. For in vitro experiments, the enzyme activity was minimal at 2×10-4 M melatonin concentration and increased above this concentration. Ten mg kg-1 melatonin was administered intraperitoneally and showed a stimulatory effect on the enzyme. Time-dependent in vivo studies were conducted for melatonin in Sprague–Dawley type rats. It was found that CA activity in the rat erythrocytes was decreased by the melatonin after 1 and 3 hours to 2500±500.0 and 1875±239.4 respectively which were statistically significant (p<0.05) differences to the control (2660±235.8). However, CA activity was restored to its normal level after 6 h (2666±235.7) (p>0.05) probably due to metabolism of the melatonin. The findings indicate that melatonin may be pharmacologically useful in some diseases.


In Houghton's (1989) review of educational paradigms, he highlights the gaining importance of chaos theory. Chaos theory is often characterized by the term non-linear. Chaos theory can be found in many disciplines; in structural engineering, the behaviour of a structure under earthquake loads is often seen in terms of non-linear behaviour. Another characteristic of chaos theory is unpredictability. The implications for educational theory, as Houghton suggests, is that we have a realistic model for what happens in highly interactive systems. If the process of teaching and learning is seen as a highly interactive environment, then the parallels to chaos theory can be easily seen. The nature of a lecture can change when a student asks a question. This results in a non-linear learning environment. Students affect how something is taught by their own unique ways of understanding. Houghton (1989) suggests that the use of computers in education is supported by chaos theory. He suggests that computers should play a significant and active role with learning. Chaos theory not only supports the concept of using computers in education, it suggests that with non-linear programming (e.g., hypertext), education can change from the traditional linear format to a non-linear methodology that is alive and vibrant.


In this thesis, fast and highly accurate interferometric metrology systems for both smooth and rough surfaces are presented. First, high-speed algorithms for white-light interferometry (WLI) and line scanning WLI are developed and their performance is compared. For large height differences, multiple wavelength interferometry is significantly faster, though, as in this approach the number of frames required for a surface estimate does not increase with surface height range. A system based on a tunable diode laser is discussed in detail, and new sampling schemes and estimation algorithms for the device are derived. An approximation to the theoretically optimal sampling pattern is given and a corresponding fast estimation algorithm is presented. As a building block for that algorithm, accurate and fast phase and frequency estimation from a low number of samples is discussed, and a new approach based on an interpolated FFT is presented. The influence of laser speckle on rough surfaces is investigated. A robust, adaptive filtering algorithm is developed. It takes spatial relationships into account — without imposing strong smoothness constraints — and uses additional knowledge on the signal from the raw data to improve performance significantly, especially on rough surfaces.


The movement of large numbers of people is important in many situations, such as the evacuation of buildings, stadiums and public transport stations. Numerous incidents have been reported in the literature in which overcrowding has resulted in injuries and death during emergency situations. Modelling and empirical study of crowd safety under emergency conditions is imperative to assist planners and managers of emergency response to analyse and assess safety precautions for those situations. In this paper, we draw on the simulation tool for crowd dynamics to examine how those tools can enhance understanding about the development of safe design solutions for emergency escape. Particularly, it is shown that the adjustments of small structural features in an enclosed area can have large potential effects in terms of crowd safety.


A method of analysis is presented for predicting sound radiation from an arbitrary body (shell) vibrating in an infinite fluid medium. The acoustic field is described by a distribution of surface sources of unknown strength at the shell fluid boundaries, which leads to a set of integral equations. In the general case, the shell with or without an attached internal structure is described by an elastic system having a finite number of degrees of freedom. The dynamic interaction between the shell and the fluid at their boundaries is then formulated in terms of the unknown strength of the source distribution. By matrix analysis, the method has been formalized and coded in the digital computer for computation.Numerical results of two examples are presented to demonstrate the versatility of the method, which makes possible the solution of a large class of sound radiation problems.


During the past five years many appeals for assistance have been received at this Institute from cheesemakers in various parts of the country, who from time to time have found, themselves unable to secure satisfactory coagulation of their milk by rennet by reason of some abnormality which is not patent to the eye. Difficulties are also encountered in the liquid milk trade from causes which appear to resemble those which trouble the cheesemaker. In view of the necessity for detecting milk such as this, use has been made of di-brom-ortho-cresol-sulphon-phthalein or brom cresol purple, which indicates colorimetrically the reaction or hydrogen-ion concentration of milk, and provides a starting point for the further investigation of those samples of which the reaction is abnormal.


Mtissbauer spectra for synthetic iron-bearing hollandites with nominal compositions of K2Fe2Ti6O16 and BaFe2Ti6O16 and one natural sample of priderite were recorded at room temperature. All iron in the phases was found to occur as octahedral Fel+ with no evidence for Fe2+. Quadrupole splitting values show a trend consistent with increasing bondJength deviation of the octahedral sites.


In product configuration of mass customization, sometimes it's necessary to modify some dimensions of product modules, how to ravel the affection relation of modules' di- mension is the key of precision and efficiency of product con- figuration. Applying complex network theory to mass customi- zation field, based on tabular layouts of article characteristics and main structure of product, a dimension relation network of components and parts is constructed. With the use of connec- tive subnet detecting method and simple path detecting method of complex network, a new dimension parameters transfer method is presented. It works well whether within a single component or between different components. A new method of variant design of configuration product and a new modification method of configuration product are put forwarded. As an ex- ample, all methods are applied to joint coupling product, and the methods are verified.


Objective
To evaluate the clinical effects of small-incision orbicularis-levator fixation technique for monocular double-eyelid blepharoplasty.

Methods
Data were collected in 56 patients (5 males and 51 females) with monocular double eyelid from January 2013 to January 2014. All patients underwent small-incision orbicularis-levator fixation blepharoplasty. To ensure the symmetry between the two eyelids, extensive study and design might be done before the surgery, including the positon of incisions, the amount of tissue removed, the tightness of sutures fixation during surgery, and so on.

Results
All patients were successfully operated and were performed postoperative follow-up for 19.3±3.4 months. MRI was taken on their upper eyelids preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Before the surgery, the MRI orbicularis oculi muscle thickness were 4.08±0.74 U in the left side and 4.81±1.05 U in the right (t=2.66, P<0.05); the areas of orbit fat were 84.26±9.75 U2 in the left and 93.85±12.15 U2 in the right (t=3.21, P<0.05). As for 6 months postoperatively, the MRI orbicularis oculi muscle thickness were 4.07±0.69 U in the left side and 4.37±0.99 U in the right (t=1.46, P=0.15); the areas of orbit fat were 82.88±8.81 U2 in the left and 85.30±11.94 U2 in the right (t=1.21, P=0.23). Fifty-four patients were satisfied with surgery, the eyelid's crease turned narrow in 1 case and disappeared in 1 case. Those 2 cases were adjusted by secondary surgery using the same method.

Conclusions
Small-incision orbicularis-levator fixation blepharoplasty has a high success rate, with acceptable bilateral symmetry and slight scar.

Key words:
Monocular double-eyelid; Blepharoplasty; Small-incision; Orbicularis oculi muscle


The article presents the results of the study of the methodology of internal critique of written sources used by Ukrainian historians in the second half of the XIX - the first half of the XX century who worked on the history of education. The authors state that in Ukrainian historical science there is no synthesized study of the methodology of internal critique of written sources that was used by the researchers of the history of education. It is investigated that during the second half of the XIX - the first half of the XX century, Ukrainian scholars gradually improved the internal critique of the sources. In the first half of the XIX century, Ukrainian historians mostly used documents rather uncritically, "extracting" from them information about the past without proper verification. It was often made without regard to the author's position of the source, the explanatory and rhetorical layer of the document. But since the 1850s, the understanding of the need to delve into the text of the source and comprehend the position of the author of the historical document has been established in Ukrainian historical science critically. It was found that Ukrainian historians of education almost did not apply internal criticism to the so-called "official" sources on the history of education (legislation, statutes of educational institutions, reporting documentation of educational authorities, minutes of meetings of pedagogical or academic councils, etc.). These documents were not in doubt, especially, if they concerned the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. On the other hand, Ukrainian scholars have shown the ability to prove the authenticity of the evidence of a written historical document both by analyzing only its content and by comparing the content of this source with other sources. The article proves that in the second half of the XIX - first half of the XX century, Ukrainian historians most often used the following procedures among the methods of internal criticism of the written source to determine the authenticity of a historical document: by indicating the specifics of the document; by analyzing the author's ability to reflect reality adequately; by analyzing the motives of the author by confirming the information from one source related to the previous location, chronologically, thematically and ideologically; through the use of logical and epistemological procedures.


This paper discussed recognition algorithms for analyzing document image of information card based on optical mark recognition, and proposed a new information card fill-in method. The common methods of character recognition and feature extraction were also described, and, according to practical situation, a template matching algorithm based on the minimum distance classifier was adapted to recognize handwritten symbols. The result showed that these methods could meet the need of handwritten symbols recognition.


In this paper, we use some matrix and combinatorial techniques to characterize the graphs satisfying some matrix equations in which the matrices are related to graphs. New characterizations of complete bipartite graphs and cycle graphs are obtained.


Abstract : Four alternative ocean disposal sites with varying distances from the mouth of Grays Harbor, Washington, are discussed as possible sites to dump approximately 3.3 million cubic yards of dredged material resulting from the widening and deepening of Grays Harbor. The remaining 13.4 million cubic yards of dredged material is targets for ocean dumping. This report includes a preliminary assessment of impacts of the dredging project on aquatic organisms, commercial enterprises, sedimentation and other physical impacts to the harbor. (Author)


With the purpose of maintaining stability, the identification of acceptable performance - under parameter uncertainty – is considered as a guide to identify unwarranted events or behavioural changes in a system or a process. A similarity transformation-based analytical method to model the interaction between distinct processes is presented. As it considers cross-coupling effects of parameters during the interaction between processes, the method facilitates non-invasive analysis of general behaviour of a system or a process.


Artificial Neural Networks support their processing capabilities in a parallel architecture. It is widely used in pattern recognition, system identification and control problems. Multilayer Perceptron is an artificial neural network with one or more hidden layers. This paper presents the digital implementation of multi layer perceptron neuron network using FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) for pattern recognition. If the pattern matches with the original then process continued else it is rejected. This network was implemented by using three types of non linear activation function: hardlims, satlins and tansig. A neural network was implemented by using VHDL hardware description Language codes and XC3S250E-PQ 208 Xilinx FPGA device. The results obtained with Xilinx Foundation 9.2i software are presented. The results are analyzed by using device utilization and time delay.


With the introduction and wide applications of laser guided AGV in the tobacco corporation, the logistics automation level is increased greatly. But with the introduction of flexible manufacturing system, the production line of the tobacco corporation become more complicate, the material requirement become more flexible, so that the driving stability has brought great challenges of AGV. In the system of more AGV compositing, there will been bought the conflict between multiple vehicles AGV. How can locate the position of each AGV instantly, and estimate and dispose the conflict during the running process in time, it has been the solve direction for team. This paper is researched based on the AGV's system of KunChuan, bring forward a monitoring system of AGVS. The results shown that the actual trajectory is fully consistent with the planned through running, and achieving the prospective effect.


Two experiments were conducted to characterize the potential hazard from ignition of nominal 136 L (30 gal) trash containers made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and loaded with cellulosic debris. Heat release rate was measured as a function of time from ignition using a furniture–scale oxygen consumption calorimeter. In addition, total heat flux was measured at a location approximately 1 m from the trash container centerline. The two trash containers were observed to burn in a different manner due to the way the containers melted. In the first test, the container opened up from the top down and had a peak heat release rate of approximately 300 kW. In the second case, the trash container melted and opened from the midpoint in the container down. This resulted in a container that tended to close up into itself instead of opening up and thus, yielded a peak heat release rate of approximately 150 kW. Heat release rate and heat flux time histories and photographs are presented for both experiments.


Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease representing less than 1% of all malignancies in men and only 1% of all incident breast cancers. Our study details clinico-pathological features, treatments and prognostic factors in a large Moroccan cohort. Findings: One hundred and twenty-seven patients were collected from 1985 to 2007 at the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat, Morocco. Median age was 62 years and median time for consultation 28 months. The main clinical complaint was a mass beneath the areola in 93, 5% of the cases. Most patients have an advanced disease. Ninety-one percent of tumors were ductal carcinomas. Management consisted especially of radical mastectomy; followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and hormonal therapy with or without chemotherapy. The median of follow-up was 30 months. The evolution has been characterized by local recurrence; in twenty two cases (17% of all patients). Metastasis occurred in 41 cases (32% of all patients). The site of metastasis was the bone in twenty cases; lung in twelve cases; liver in seven case; liver and skin in one case and pleura and skin in one case. Conclusion: Male breast cancer has many similarities to breast cancer in women, but there are distinct features that should be appreciated. Future research for better understanding of this disease at national or international level are needed to improve the management and prognosis of male patients. Background Male breast cancer is a rare disease that accounts for less than 1% of all cancers in men and less than 1% of all diagnosed breast cancers [1]. The literature regarding male breast cancer consists mainly of retrospective studies, and there are no randomized prospective data for this disease. This is an entity for which optimum management and treatment guidelines are not clearly established. Generally, treatment recommendations have been extrapolated from results of trials in female patients. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the clinicopathological features, treatments and the results obtained in 127 cases of male breast cancer treated at the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat, Morocco, between 1985 and 2007.


A simple and selective liquid chromatographic (LC) method has been developed to quantitative the three known metabolites of R-836 in human serum and urine. The lowest quantifiable concenteration was 50 nM for the serum samples, and 0.2 μM for the urine samples. Precision and accuracy results showed excellent reproducibility for all three compounds


The present invention discloses a loofah nectar tea cream and its preparation method. The Luffa nectar tea extract prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 20-25 parts Luffa flowers, tea eagle 20-25 parts, pomegranate juice 1-5 parts, motherwort extract parts 1-5, 1-5 parts of sugar cane leaves, black hull parts 1-5, 1-5 parts of angelica, lyophilized powder 5-10 parts pear, jujube 5-10 parts, 5-10 parts of sugar, 10-15 parts of honey. The present invention loofah nectar fresh and delicious tea cream, fragrance, and added a variety of herbs, nutritious.


The aim of the study was to determine the possibility of using ultraviolet fluorescence to evaluate the quality of the mixing process of industrial feed. A laboratory funnel-flow mixer was used for the mixing process. The studies were carried out using three different feeds for pigs. A key component in the form of ground grains of yellow maize covered with the fluorescent substance Rhodamine B was introduced into the mixer before the mixing process began. After the illumination of the sample by UV lamps, the images were taken with a digital camera. The images were analyzed in Patan® software. The information obtained on the percentage content of the key component was used for further calculations. At the same time, the tracer content was determined using the control method (weight method). The comparison of the results obtained by the two methods (statistical comparative analysis) did not indicate significant differences. Therefore, the usefulness of the proposed method to track the share of the key component by inducing it to glow in the ultraviolet light has been proven. The introduced tracer is also one of the components of the feed, which translates into the possibility of observing the material having the characteristics of a mixed material.


The present invention relates to an electronic map, which provides a method of markers geographical area, the method comprising: acquiring attribute information of a plurality of moving objects and the trajectory data, wherein the data comprises sampling the trajectories of the moving objects and the time corresponding to the sampling point location; the corresponding relationship between the sampling time and the time slice data is converted to the trajectories of the plurality of moving objects moving route data is new, where new movement trajectory data comprises time slice and corresponding to the position of the sampling point; obtaining at least one data based on the new trajectories a set of attribute information of the geographical area for the time slice, wherein the at least one geographic area is a cluster of the sampling point position obtained. The method of marking the geographic area of the embodiment of the present invention can obtain attribute information associated with the geographical time area, attribute information of a geographical area can be accurately obtained over time slice geographic area marked change changing characteristics.


The article introduces the strong point of hard machining and the good function of PCBN meterial. Rationally choose geometry parameter and cutting data of PCBN tool, in order to raise processed quality.


The IFSAR is an airborne SAR simulator for extended targets developed by INTA. This tool generates simulated signal data of an artificial three-dimensional scene as collected by an interferometric SAR with a fully configurable system oriented to airborne applications. Scene is made of points and triangular extended targets, over a selected ellipsoid, and it can be drawn using common CAD software. GPS motion records of plane and moving point targets, extended targets, associated scattering patterns, chirp signal, antenna patterns and TxRx diagram can be simulated too. Experimental results comparing interferograms from real and simulated missions shows that the tool is extremely accurate and requires few computer resources. It is used to calibrate of MOCO algorithms and interferometric processors, to probe new techniques and solve problems in real acquisitions of interferometric airborne SAR data


Many people seem certain that children learn additional languages rapidly and with ease. This "fact" is widely believed, but research in a number of language learning contexts suggests that it is necessary to refine – if not to refute – this assumption. In this paper, some of the experience and research that have been used in support of the conclusion that "younger is better" will be reviewed. The relevance of this conclusion to different learning and teaching environments will be discussed, and the conventional wisdom that for children, language learning is easy as pie will be challenged. The emphasis will be on how different learning contexts and conditions lead to different outcomes as well as how research designed to answer one question is often cited to answer another – one that it cannot in fact answer.


The Human pursues mystery. If human lose mystery in their life, it's like a death. So pursuit of mystery becomes a source of human existence energy. Pentecostal church regards good thing from the spiritual mysterious experience. But, in the spiritual mysterious experience, more important thing is giving pastoral care. The purpose of this paper is that provides pastoral care in spiritual mysterious experience. For this purpose, I studied Pentecostal church view which Holy Spirit is in pastoral care. Holy Spirit existence is fundamental principle in Pentecostal spiritual care and counseling. For this purpose, I studied variety of spiritual mystical experience and uniqueness about spiritual in spiritual life of Pentecostal church and Christian. In Object Relations Psychoanalysis level, I try to understand mystical experience to find integrated pastoral care. Moreover I search spiritual direction method about spiritual mysterious experience. In conclusion this paper try to talk about God centered counseling and spiritual direction. The God centered counseling is the counseling based on God. Counselor or Spiritual leader should pray for existence the spirit of god in one's own life and counseling field. Interaction between giving care person and be cared person must be God centered. This is first priority value of pastoral care.


The excited-state photophysics of the light induced antiviral agent, hypericin, are compared with those of its methylated analog, hexamethoxyhypericin. This comparison is instructive in understanding both the ground- and the excited-state properties of hypericin. That the hexamethoxy analog has no labile protons that can be transferred, that it cannot protonate its own carbonyl groups, that it has a reduced fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime with respect to hypericin, and that it exhibits no stimulated emission or, more specifically, rise time in stimulated emission completely support our emerging model of the hypericin photophysics. The results are consistent with the presence of intramolecular excited-state proton transfer in hypericin but not in its methylated analog.


The study Included 137 shoulder ultrasounds from type 2 diabetics, Including 13 pre-diabetics, confirmed by hemoglobin A 1 c levels and medications. It also included 49 ultrasounds from non-diabetic obese patients based on body mass index (BMI). Images of the deltoid muscle were blindly reviewed by 3 musculoskeletal radiologists as to whether the appearance was normal, suspected diabetic or definite diabetic. These results along with the patient's age, sex, race, hemoglobin A 1 c level, BMI, and the use of insulin were analyzed.


It has come to our attention that an article by Hayes et al. 'Central versus peripheral tibial screw placement in hamstring anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: in vitro biomechanics'1 has previously been published and has similar results and conclusions as our article 'Failure strengths of concentric and eccentric implants for hamstring graft fixation' published in this Journal.2 Our original studies were carried out in 2003 and 2004 and presented at the Annual Scientific Meeting of the New Zealand Orthopaedic Association in Rotorua in October 2003 and Christchurch in October 2005. Despite a PubMed search, the article of Hayes et al. was not identified at the time of writing the paper. We apologize to the authors for this oversight. Had we been aware of it, we would have cited it as it supports the suggestion that central fixation gives significantly greater initial fixation than peripheral placement. However, we also found that the addition of a sheath as in the Intrafix device appears to further enhance the initial fixation. We note the comments made by John Bartlett in his perspective in the same issue.3 We agree that it is unusual for early loss of fixation to be the cause of graft failure. The biological weakening of the graft during the rehabilitation period will probably be far more significant. An interference screw is the commonest form of fixation used by New Zealand surgeons for tibial hamstring graft fixation. The initial pull out strength of these devices of approximately 464 N is obviously sufficient in most cases. However, on occasion, we have found a peripherally inserted interference screw gives disappointing initial tibial fixation. The use of a concentrically inserted device, such as the Intrafix has reduced the incidence of this occurrence. Routine use of such a device would be expected to give a greater margin of safety in the early postoperative phase.


METHODOLOGY Telephone and in-person interviews with public managers and citizens were conducted. The team interviewed 12 managers from different federal agencies and 18 citizens who won awards for their submissions. Additionally, an interview was conducted with a public manager from the General Services Administration ‐ the entity responsible for the Challenge.gov platform. Interview protocols were semi-structured and varied between public managers and citizens. Interviews with public managers were designed to assess overall experiences and impressions from using the Challenge.gov platform, the likelihood of using challenges in the future, lessons learned from previous crowdsourcing efforts, and future plans for promoting innovation in general. Interviews with citizens were designed to explore experiences with challenges and motivations for using the Challenge.gov platform. All interviews were structured with one interviewer and one note taker, recordings were made, and extensive notes were taken. Upon the completion of each interview, a summary of major learning points was created and shared with the interviewee for corrections, omissions and accuracy. GENERAL FINDINGS


A first light-transmissive plate is provided on an opposite surface of a first substrate of an electro-optic panel to a second substrate. The first light-transmissive plate is smaller than the first substrate, and an end portion of the first substrate is exposed from the first light-transmissive plate. In addition, a heat radiation member made of a metal material is provided so as to be overlapped with the exposed portion from the first light-transmissive plate of the first substrate.


Induction of tumoricidal activity is one of the major biological activities of interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Our previous study demonstrated that IFN-γ induced apoptosis in SKW6.4 cells via Fas-FasL interaction and increased the activity of caspase-3. In this study, we evaluated the effect of mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψ) using flow cytometry, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL mRNA expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, caspase-3 and caspase-8 activation using enzymatic activity assay during IFN-γ-induced apoptosis in SKW6.4 cells. The relationships between Δψm, Bcl-xL, caspase-3 and caspase-8 in IFN-γ-treated cells were confirmed using DEVD-fmk (a caspase-3 inhibitor). IETD-fmk (a caspase-8 inhibitor), cyclosporin A (a mitochondrial permeability transition inhibitor) and anti-FasL antibodies. Apoptosis was quantified by DNA fragmentation using FACScan. We analyzed the effect of DEVD-fmk, IETD-fmk, cyclosporin A and anti-FasL for DNA fragmentation in IFN-γ-treated human lymphoma cells using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick-end-labeling assay We found that Bcl-xL mRNA expression and Δψm were reduced after 24 h in IFN-γ-treated cells and reached the lowest level at 48 h, but Bcl-2 mRNA was constantly expressed in the same conditions. In addition, high proteolytic activity of caspase-8 was induced at 72 h of IFN-γ-treated cells and this activation was completely blocked by DEVD-fmk, IETD-fmk and cyclosporin A, but was only partially blocked by anti-FasL antibodies. Thus, caspase-3 activation was completely inhibited by DEVD-fmk, partially inhibited by anti-FasL antibodies and was not significantly inhibited by IETD-fmk or cyclosporin A. Moreover these results showed complete inhibition of DNA fragmentation of IFN-γ-treated tumor cells by DEVD-fmk, IETD-fmk and cyclosporin A and partial inhibition by anti-FasL. Taken together, these results suggest that IFN-γ inducted apoptosis in human B lymphoma SKW6. 4 cells through Fas/FasL interaction and Fas-independent pathway, resulting in caspase-3 activation, Bcl-xL, mRNA and Δψm reduction and subsequent activation of caspase-8.


Abstract Regulatory authorities in charge of environmental and health risk management are increasingly faced with problems of legitimacy in the public view. As socially restricted and technical expert systems, regulatory networks tend to exclude wider public groups from policy discussions and standard setting. This paper focuses on a particular environmental and health risk domain in a specific national context: regulations pertaining to the agricultural use of pesticides in Denmark. Drawing on the analytical concept of 'regulatory science', as developed by Irwin, Rothstein and others, the study is situated within discussions on the control of agrochemicals at European and national levels. Through qualitative interviews, the ways in which Danish pesticides experts participate in and evaluate the workings of regulatory science networks are analysed. To highlight the issues of public legitimacy, experts' preoccupations are contrasted with views from 'ordinary' citizens on pesticide regulation. Four major themes emerge: the political economy of pesticides regulation; increasing Europeanization of regulation; variation between risk domains; and the place of uncertainties in risk assessments. Tying these themes together, actor categories 'at risk' of exclusion from regulatory networks are highlighted: politicians, academic researchers, NGOs and the general public. Some implications for attempts to increase public legitimacy are sketched out.


Public preferences on immigration and attitudes toward the European Union (EU) have been shown to be closely related. In this article, it is argued that, to better understand this relationship, people's opposition to immigration should be differentiated based on the ethnicity of the prospective immigrant group. Specifically, in the case of Germany, Turkish immigrants constitute a special case. The results of the original survey experiment conducted in Germany suggest that, controlling for other explanations, categorizing immigration attitudes by ethnic group reveals that fear of EU enlargement and future Turkish immigration is actually a more important reason for Euroskepticism than has been shown so far. That is, people's opposition to immigrants from Turkey explains their overall Euroskepticism much better than their attitudes toward immigrants from within EU member states, suggesting that their attitudes are informed by opposition to further enlargement rather than a general dislike of multiculturalism.


Collaborative research projects between industry and universities offer significant scope for the development of new ideas and practices. These collaborations benefit both industry and higher education. However, the range of cooperative opportunities is limited by current industry and academic practices. Packaging design requires efficient, accurate and complex design research. Industry research is undertaken more rapidly than is often practical for university study programs, which presents a significant problem for integrating collaborative projects. This paper provides a summary of academic insights into cooperative research practices. It outlines the benefits and risks of collaborative projects and identifies how some of these problems have been addressed. It offers a foundation to inform further research into collaborative practices that will meet the specific demands of packaging design. Better collaborative models will increase opportunities to fund design research, offer cost effective research to industry and offer better graduate outcomes.


A theory for small‐angle scattering from quasi‐random layered structures—for example, x‐ray scattering from oriented polymer samples—is proposed. Being truly three dimensional, it utilizes refractive index correlation functions separable along local principal coherence axes within the sample. Realistic variations in directions parallel to the local mean lamellar plane, as well as in the inequivalent direction perpendicular to it, can be taken into account. When the incident waves propagate at nonzero angles with respect to local mean lamellar planes, diffraction into larger angles parallel to the overall mean lamellar plane is increased, while diffraction into the larger scattering angles in the direction perpendicular to this plane is attenuated. A continuous‐domain model is proposed for describing these effects.


A polythiourethane thermoset system based on a diisocyanate and a trithiol was investigated by dynamic rheological measurements. Strain sweep was performed to determine the linear elastic region of the thermosetting system. The changes of characteristic parameters including elastic modulus, viscous modulus, and complex viscosity were recorded in a heating ramp to trace the cross-linking and structural evolution during the curing process. Time sweep at constant temperatures was also performed to explore possible curing strategy at reduced temperatures. In addition, frequency sweep was conducted to confirm the temperature- and time-dependent viscoelastic properties of the thermoset system during the curing process. Both continuous heating and isothermal aging gave rise to solidification of the polythiourethane with similar critical structure, as evidenced by the critical values of relaxation exponent. A combination of isothermal aging and heating is expected to be a facile strategy for fabricating thermoset polythiourethane polymers at lower temperature or/and reduced curing time. A kinetic study was done to confirm the gelation characteristics of the polythiourethane system, and the activation energy was also calculated.


The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of scarification and high temperature on dormancy and initial hypocotyl-root growth of two wild common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) samples differing in geographic origin and in the domesticated common bean. The wild common bean samples exhibited large differences in the proportion of dormant seeds (ranging from 20 to 70%), depending on their size and origin, with noticeable differences in their rates of imbibiton. In addition, mechanical scarification broke the wild seed dormancy. High temperatures (30-45°C) also broke dormancy in some wild subsamples but killed some seeds in others, particularly those of small size. High temperatures also induced a small but significant increase in water uptake during imbibition. Initial hypocotyl-root growth from small wild seeds was not affected with the increase of temperature, except at 45°C when the growth fell sharply. In contrast, initial hypocotyl-root growth from large wild seeds increased at exposure of 30 to 40°C, but at 45°C the growth was also diminished. Although high temperatures did not affected water uptake in domesticated common bean, especially at 35-45°C, germination and initial hypocotyl-root growth were severely affected. Therefore, the data suggest that high temperature during germination has a positive relationship with the breaking of dormancy of wild common bean, but deteriorated the seed of domesticated common bean.


Temporary interruption of the inferior vena cava is thus unnecessary and an external bypass is avoided. To effect a temporary portacaval bypass a side orifice is built into the lower end of the catheter with the larger lumen. This orifice can be palpated through the wall of the vena cava and temporary ligatures are applied immediately above and below this point (Fig. 2, ligatures 3 and 4). A second catheter which accurately fits this side opening (Fig. 1) can then be introduced into the distal portal vein and the proximal end inserted into the catheter with the larger lumen through a small stab wound in the wall of the vena cava overlying the side orifice. Loss of blood and air entry are prevented by occluding the small wound in the caval wall with the finger-tip until all is secure. The proximal portal vein alone, the main hepatic artery alone, or both of these vessels, are now available for a measured blood flow to be introduced into the liver. The venous drainage of the liver is siphoned off through the catheter with the smaller lumen to a bubble oxygenator. The reservoir of the oxygenator is then connected to one or two pumps and oxygenated blood can then be perfused along either afferent route or both routes. If both are used the output from the pumps is so arranged that blood flow is in the ratio of three to one in favour of the portal vein. The double catheter is easily made, the constituent elements being ordinary polyvinyl chloride tubing or catheters glued together with the appropriate solvent (tetrahydro-furan). This is a simple and effective method for closed-circuit perfusion of the liver. The operative technique is straightforward and the apparatus is cheap and easy to construct. The haemodynamic requirements in the experimental animal have been satisfied, and the amount of loss of perfusate to the systemic circulation has been shown by the use of radioiodine-labelled serum albumin and dyes to be negligible. We intend to use the method for the treatment of hepatic metastases in humans in the near future, but we report it at this stage as we feel that it may be of value to other research workers in this field.


Clear patterns of inequality and disadvantage, in terms of race, gender and class in particular (Alexander & Arday 2015; Osorio 2009), have emerged from studies analysing access, curricula and institutional culture in higher education. Imbued with political capital, discourses of transformation have come to dominate higher education policy and public rhetoric to the extent that 'transformation' as an empty umbrella signifier 'absorbs rather than emits meaning' (Soudien et al. 2008, p.xx). Depending on the context, transformation has been twinned with such concepts diversity and inclusivity (Preez, Simmonds & Verhoef 2016), social healing (Association of American Colleges & Universities 2017), and social justice and change (Singh 2011). In this paper, we problematize the discourse of transformation which characterises the national rhetoric of an higher education sector in transition – that of South Africa (Preez, Simmonds & Verhoef 2016; Venter 2015), a national context of interest because it provides an extreme example of the complications around the worth and validity of access in higher education (Coetzee, 2016).


Summary form only given. Many diffusion models have been proposed in order to obtain more information from breast tumor tissues through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (1). The Gamma distribution (GD) may model MRI signal decay based on a statistical approach. This model considers the Theta parameter, which indicates the statistical dispersion of the distribution, and the k parameter, which is responsible for the probability distribution shape. If Theta shows higher values, then there will be a more spread out distribution and if k shows lower values the distribution shape will be more affected, which would be expected in malignant tumors due to tissue heterogeneity (1). The purpose of this study was to evaluate if GD model is capable of distinguishing between different breast tumors. Materials and Methods: In this study 85 breast tumor lesions were analyzed, including 17 benign lesions (Fibroadenoma, FA) and 68 malignant lesions (43 Invasive Ductal Carcinomas, IDC 19 Invasive Lobular Carcinomas, ILC and 6 Ductal Carcinoma in situ, CDIS). Informed consent was obtained for all patients. Data were acquired using a 3T MRI scanner with a dedicated breast coil and a DWI sequence with 3 orthogonal diffusion gradient directions and 8 b values between 0 and 3000s/mm2. Theta and k parameters were acquired from fitting data to the GD model, and mean values were obtained to compare between benign and malignant lesions, and between histological types. Non-parametric statistics were used (α=0.05). Results and Discussion: Significantly lower Theta and higher k values were observed in benign lesions ((0.65±0.43)×10-3mm2/s, 4.29±1.90, respectively) when compared to malignant lesions ((0.97±0.50)×10-3mm2/s, 1.23±0.52, respectively). It was also possible to differentiate FA from IDC lesions with both Theta and k probably due to IDC heterogeneity, which restricts diffusion. Unlike other diffusion model parameters, these were able to differentiate FA and ILC, and FA and CDIS lesions, suggesting that the GD model could bring advantages over other diffusion models in characterizing breast tumors. This study was partly funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) under the grant PEst-OE/SAU/UI0645/2014.


The present day process of scholarly communication relies heavily on books, monographs, conference proceedings, and most importantly on academic journals. Publishing in peer-reviewed academic journals offers a tremendous prospect for those who wish to share and communicate new original ideas, knowledge and the results of research to their professional communities. It is the responsibility of the editorial and publication teams to promote a wider readership and create awareness of the scope of the journal. The Annals of Dentistry of Malaya (ADUM) has been the official publication of the Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Malaya since 1994. The primary objective of ADUM was to offer a platform for the dissemination of research findings of its academic staff. To date, this peer-reviewed journal has published 20 issues comprising invited editorial, original research, interesting and challenging case reports and scientific literature reviews. With the vision for the University to become a World Class Research University and the emphasis of its faculty members to undertake high-quality research and publish in high impact scholarly international journals for promotion.


Background: Caregivers (CGs) are critical in helping stroke survivors retain function and receive adequate healthcare. We aimed to identify the activities that CGs are engaged in over the course of...


The purpose of this study was to test the merits of an integrated perspective derived from the job characteristics and social information processing models of task design. We conducted a complex la...


Vaccine-induced immune response can be greatly enhanced by mimicking pathogen properties. The size and the repetitive geometric shape of virus-like particles (VLPs) influence their immunogenicity by facilitating drainage to secondary lymphoid organs and enhancing interaction with and activation of B-cells and other innate humoral immune components. VLPs derived from the plant Bromovirus genus, specifically cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), are T=3 icosahedron particles. They can be easily expressed in an E. coli host system and package ssRNA during the expression process. Recently, we have engineered CCMV-VLPs by incorporating the universal tetanus toxoid (TT) epitope at the N-terminus. The modified CCMVTT-VLPs successfully form icosahedral particles T=3, with a diameter of ∼30nm analogous to the parental VLPs. Interestingly, incorporating TT epitope at the C-terminus of CCMVTT-VLPs results in the formation of Rod-shaped VLPs, ∼1µm in length and ∼30nm in width. In this study, we have investigated the draining kinetics and immunogenicity of both engineered forms (termed as Round-shaped CCMVTT-VLPs and Rod-shaped CCMVTT-VLPs) as potential B cell immunogens using different in vitro and in vivo assays. Our results reveal that Round-shaped CCMVTT-VLPs are more efficient in draining to secondary lymphoid organs to charge antigen-presenting cells as well as B-cells. Furthermore, compared to Rod-shaped CCMVTT-VLPs, Round-shaped CCMVTT-VLPs led to more than 100-fold increased systemic IgG and IgA responses accompanied by prominent formation of splenic germinal centers. Round-shaped CCMVTT-VLPs could also polarize the induced immune response towards TH1. Up to our knowledge, this is the first study investigating and comparing the draining kinetics and immunogenicity of one and the same VLP monomer forming nano-sized icosahedrons or rods in the micrometer size.


A transparent ZnTeMoO6 crystal with dimensions of ∼12 × 10 × 1 mm3 has been successfully grown using the flux method. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that ZnTeMoO6 features a neutral layered structure consisting of three types of asymmetric building units, i.e. TeO4 polyhedra with a stereoactive lone pair, MoO4 tetrahedra, and ZnO6 octahedra with a large polar displacement. The ZnTeMoO6 crystal is non-hygroscopic, and resistant to diluted HNO3 aqua-solution. It is also thermally stable up to 669 °C and thereafter melts incongruently. Transmittance spectra of ZnTeMoO6 show a broad transparent window in the range of 350 nm–5.4 μm. On the basis of the powder second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurements, ZnTeMoO6 is type-I phase-matchable with a very strong SHG efficiency of ∼10.5 × KDP. Furthermore, calculations on the dipole moments indicate that the strong SHG response may arise from the high polarizability of the three types of asymmetric building units.


Owing to the special structure of the diaphragm wall of the Yellow River dike, there is still not an accurate method for nondestructive detection of quality defects of the diaphragm wall. In this paper, a vibration theory-based method was presented for nondestructive detection of the structure of the diaphragm wall. In this method, the damages of the diaphragm wall were determined mainly according to the variation of modal parameters, and the dynamic characteristics of the diaphragm wall and their variation were studied by combination of the field test with numerical simulation. The result shows that the method is effective for detection of diaphragm walls, and that the sensitivity of detection varies with the type of damages.


Epidemiologic data using identical diagnostic methods are now available from different parts of the world and diverse cultures. These data demonstrate consistent prevalence of panic disorder and an associated disability. This paper will describe the cross-national prevalence rates, age of onset of panic disorder and its associated disabilities and impact on quality of life. DIAGNOSIS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PHOBIC DISORDERS IP Lepine. Department of Psychiatry, Groupe Hospitalier Bichat Claude Bernard, 46 rue H. Huchard, 75877, Paris, Cedex 18, France


The diffuse aurora has recently been shown to be a major contributor of energy flux into the Earth's ionosphere. Therefore, a comprehensive theoretical analysis is required to understand its role in energy redistribution in the coupled ionosphere‐magnetosphere system. In previous theoretical descriptions of precipitated magnetospheric electrons (E∼ 1 keV), the major focus has been the ionization and excitation rates of the neutral atmosphere and the energy deposition rate to thermal ionospheric electrons. However, these precipitating electrons will also produce secondary electrons via impact ionization of the neutral atmosphere. This paper presents the solution of the Boltzman‐Landau kinetic equation that uniformly describes the entire electron distribution function in the diffuse aurora, including the affiliated production of secondary electrons (E< 600 eV) and their ionosphere‐magnetosphere coupling processes. In this article, we discuss for the first time how diffuse electron precipitation into the atmosphere and the associated secondary electron production participate in ionosphere‐magnetosphere energy redistribution.


The utility model is a multi-module multi-online air-conditioning pneumatic equalizer comprising at least one outdoor module which comprises at least one compressor, wherein the low-pressure chambers of all compressors in each outdoor module are communicated with each other by connecting pneumatic equalizing pipes while the pneumatic equalizing pipes of each outdoor module are communicated. The utility model is characterized in that the novel pneumatic equalizer can make the cooling medium in each low-pressure chamber of each compressor of each module basically in the same situation, and the parameters basically in the same range, thereby effectively assuring the whole system runs harmoniously and integrally. Meanwhile, the equalizer can also make the pressure in low-pressure chambers in the compressors get very close to each other and keep stable, which confirms that the lubricant in the chambers may not overly flow into other compressors due to the pressure, for keeping the grease surface of each compressor in balance and raising the reliability of the compressors, thereby assuring the whole system runs safely and smoothly.


Boron (B) alloying transforms the magnetoelectric antiferromagnet Cr2O3 into a multifunctional single‐phase material which enables electric field driven π/2 rotation of the Néel vector. Nonvolatile, voltage‐controlled Néel vector rotation is a much‐desired material property in the context of antiferromagnetic spintronics enabling ultralow power, ultrafast, nonvolatile memory, and logic device applications. Néel vector rotation is detected with the help of heavy metal (Pt) Hall‐bars in proximity of pulsed laser deposited B:Cr2O3 films. To facilitate operation of B:Cr2O3‐based devices in CMOS (compementary metal‐oxide semiconductor) environments, the Néel temperature, TN, of the functional film must be tunable to values significantly above room temperature. Cold neutron depth profiling and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy depth profiling reveal thermally activated B‐accumulation at the B:Cr2O3/ vacuum interface in thin films deposited on Al2O3 substrates. The B‐enrichment is attributed to surface segregation. Magnetotransport data confirm B‐accumulation at the interface within a layer of ≈50 nm thick where the device properties reside. Here TN enhances from 334 K prior to annealing, to 477 K after annealing for several hours. Scaling analysis determines TN as a function of the annealing temperature. Stability of post‐annealing device properties is evident from reproducible Néel vector rotation at 370 K performed over the course of weeks.


Abstract A generalized structural model of Aurivillius-type compounds is presented using a 4D superspace group analysis where Aurivillius structures are considered as cation-deficient perovskites with the general formula AB 1− x O 3 . Being essentially composition independent, the model is valid for any Aurivillius-type compounds where x is the only composition-dependent parameter. The atomic domains representing the atoms in superspace are described by means of crenel functions. For any composition, the conventional space groups can be easily derived from a unique superspace group. This work is supported by a TEM investigation where the continuously variable character of the diffraction diagram indicates that the various stacking sequences can be interpreted in terms of a structural modulation over a common average structure.


Undoubtedly, financial behavior is a particularly complex one, which incorporates a multitude of factors. In order to have a better understanding of the motives that act upon the financial (and investment) behavior, numerous theorists have made efforts to explain what exactly (and how it) impacts decisions. Moving to the pool of investors, the aging rate of population is increasing at a dramatic rate in countries like the United States, or in regions such as Europe (implicitly in Romania). Due to this increase in the proportion of elderly people, it has become of interest to understand how these people can make rational financial decisions. Therefore, we aim to examine whether the elderly make more profitable investment choices as they acquire more knowledge and experience in the field of (stock) investments, or whether aging gives us the exact opposite, causing investing skills to deteriorate with age due to the adverse effects of cognitive aging etc.


Non-conservative forces are exerted on a Lagrange system. Their effects on Lie symmetries, structure equation and conserved quantities of the system are studied. It can be seen that some Lie symmetries disappear and some new Lie symmetries emerge. Under certain conditions, some Lie symmetries will still remain present.


Objective To investigate the effects on the renal function and the clinical symptoms of patients with aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) treated with the Chinese herbal medicine, Jiaweifuzilizhongtang. Method Twenty-seven patients with AAN were treated with Jiaweifuzilizhongtang. The indexes, such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), endogenous creatinine clearance rate (CCr), twenty-four-hour proteinuria quantitate (24 h Upo), β-N-acetyglocosamidase (NAG), Urine Osmol (Uosm), erythrocyte (RBC), hemoglobin (HB) and so on, were observed before and after treatment, and the score of patients' symptoms including aversion to cold and cold limbs, lassitude and weakness, poor appetite and anorexia, nausea and vomiting, pale complexion, was also calculated. Result Compared with that of treatment bebore, the renal function of patients after treatment was significantly improved (P 0.05) according to the indexes of BUN, SCr, CCr, 24 h Upro, NAG, Uosm, RBC and HB; Meanwhile, the score of clinical symptoms after treatment was obviously different (P 0.05) from that of treatment before, and the total clinical effective rate was 74.07%. Conclusions Chinese herbal medicine, Jiweifuzilizhongtang, can effectively treat the patients with aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN).


Iron oxide/tin oxide composites were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method using Fe3O4 nanoparticles as the precursor.Two kinds of Fe3O4 were used as the precursor.Fe3O4 particles and sheets were prepared by hydrothermal method and microwave heating method,respectively.Their morphology,size and structure were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Thermogravimetric analysis(TG)and differential thermal analysis(DTA)showed Fe3O4 nanoparticles have different thermal stability.The thermal property of Fe3O4 precursor affects the final phase and morphology of the composites.High thermal stability of Fe3O4 is favor of the formation of Fe3O4/SnO2 composites.While easy oxidation of magnetite sheets led to the formation of α-Fe2O3 /SnO2 composites.The mechanism for the formation of iron oxide/ tin oxide composites was investigated.


An extensive database of exam scores is studied to determine the effects of a grading policy that drops the lowest exam score. We find evidence that some students engage in strategic behavior, either by understudying for one of the exams or missing one altogether, but the vast majority of students show no evidence of strategic behavior. We also find evidence that many students "satisfice", showing how a large percentage of students passed up an expected improvement in their course grade. We find that the probability a student will choose to complete an optional final exam is inversely related to their grade going into the final. Further, the likelihood of a student completing the final exam rises with the spread between prior exam scores and falls with the points needed to raise their course grade.


Productive thymopoiesis is essential for a robust and healthy immune system. Thymus unfortunately is acutely sensitive to stress resulting in involution and decreased T cell production. Thymic involution is a complication of many clinical settings, including infection, malnutrition, and irradiation or immunosuppressive therapies. Little is known, however, about intrathymic mechanisms that may actively contribute to thymus atrophy or initiate thymic recovery following stress events. In this work, phenotypic, histologic and transcriptome/pathway analysis was performed to identify putative intrathymic mechanisms that drive endotoxemia-induced involution of murine thymic tissue. Thymus atrophy in this murine model was confirmed by down-regulation of genes involved in T cell development, cell activation, and cell cycle progression, correlating with observed phenotypic and histologic thymus involution. Significant gene changes support the hypothesis that multiple key intrathymic pathways are differentially activated during stress-induced thymic involution. These included direct activation of thymus tissue by LPS through TLR signaling, local expression of inflammatory cytokines, inhibition of T cell signaling, and induction of wound healing/tissue remodeling. Taken together, these observations demonstrated that both systemic and direct intrathymic responses to endotoxin challenge concurrently contribute to thymic involution during endotoxemia.


Digital media are an important part of adolescents' everyday life who use these platforms not only to increase their knowledge, but also to enlarge their social network that they construct outside digital spaces. Through the social network sites and the mobile media, the internet becomes the place where to speak about emotions, to play with them, to write about ourselves, to flirt, to define and redefine the seduction practices and the expectatives about the others: a potential partner or a friend. This paper presents and discusses the results of a sociological research. The work involved fifty-eight Italian boys and girls from the age of sixteen to the age of eighteen. Passing through the digital and fiscal spaces with the help of the youth who took part in my research I tried to explore the role of the digital media in the online and offline dynamics connected to affectivity and love.


To resolve a moral dilemma created by the rescue of carnivorous species from exploitative situations who must rely on the lesh of other vulnerable species to survive, Cheryl Abbate applies the guardianship principle in proposing hunting as a case-by-case means of reducing harm to the rescued animal as well as to those animals who must die to supply food. his article counters that Abbate's guardianship principle is insuiciently applied given its objectiication of deer communities. Tom Regan, alternatively, encouraged guardians to think beyond individual dilemmas and adopt a measure of systemic reconstruction, that being the abolition of speciesist institutions (he Case for Animal Rights; Empty Cages). In addition, politics of non-vegan pets and vote-with-your-dollar veganism are addressed as relevant moral dilemmas that highlight the limited utility of individual decision-making within a larger system of speciesism. It is argued that guardians are obliged to work toward the abolition of speciesism, while guardians may, in the meantime, support carnivorous refugees with animal agriculture byproducts given the reality of sellercontrolled foodways. his journal article is available in Animal Studies Journal: htp://ro.uow.edu.au/asj/vol7/iss1/8 HOW TO HELP WHEN IT HURTS? THINK SYSTEMIC 149 How to Help When It Hurts? Think Systemic Corey Wrenn Monmouth University Abstract: To resolve a moral dilemma created by the rescue of carnivorous species from exploitative To resolve a moral dilemma created by the rescue of carnivorous species from exploitative situations who must rely on the flesh of other vulnerable species to survive, Cheryl Abbate applies the guardianship principle in proposing hunting as a case-by-case means of reducing harm to the rescued animal as well as to those animals who must die to supply food. This article counters that Abbate's guardianship principle is insufficiently applied given its objectification of deer communities. Tom Regan, alternatively, encouraged guardians to think beyond individual dilemmas and adopt a measure of systemic reconstruction, that being the abolition of speciesist institutions (The Case for Animal Rights; Empty Cages). In addition, politics of non-vegan pets and vote-with-your-dollar veganism are addressed as relevant moral dilemmas that highlight the limited utility of individual decision-making within a larger system of speciesism. It is argued that guardians are obliged to work toward the abolition of speciesism, while guardians may, in the meantime, support carnivorous refugees with animal agriculture byproducts given the reality of sellercontrolled foodways.


Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may lead to adrenal insufficiency (AI). Emerging evidence supports association of AI with morbidity after cardiac surgery.


The present study was aimed to examine English-word tiers acquisition by senior high school students and to identify their strategies to boost their English learning. Its design was cross sectional. To obtain the required data, a test and questionnaire were used. The data were taken from one hundred and five senior high school students who took part voluntarily as the subject of the research. Then, the data were quantified to find frequency and percentage. Furthermore, they were analyzed descriptively. The result of the analysis revealed that the students of the tenth grade tended to acquire the tier I words, followed by tier II and tier III words. In contrast, the order of word-tiers acquisition by students of the eleventh and twelfth grade were tier I, tier III, and tier II respectively. In addition, the data showcased that the majority of the students prefer to use their metacognitive as their strategy to enhance their English learning irrespective of the order of their word tier acquisition. Keywords: Language Learning Strategies, Second Language Acquisition, Word tiers


panniculectomy—an operation that may be performed in sicker patients. Importantly, though, as in the previous points, these factors were all included in our analysis, so the risk imparted by such factors was analyzed independently. Lastly, Dr. Swanson challenges the capability of venous thromboembolism risk stratification as a whole, and the notion of providing venous thromboembolism prophylaxis based on said stratifications. In response to the idea that we cannot reliably predict who will develop a venous thromboembolism, we would like to call attention to multiple articles showing that the Caprini score can identify and predict an approximately 20-fold variation in venous thromboembolism risk.7–10 Gould et al. characterize the American College of Chest Physicians practice guidelines for the prevention of venous thromboembolism, which stratify patients using Rogers and Caprini scores, recommending chemoprophylaxis for patients with venous thromboembolism risk of approximately 3 percent or greater who are not at increased risk for major bleeding complications.12 Venous thromboembolism remains a difficult entity to study and a troubling complication to surgeons, patients, and the health system alike. The relative infrequency of venous thromboembolism events necessitates highly powered studies developed by leveraging multi-institutional data to detect clinically important and statistical differences. We sincerely thank Dr. Swanson for his important critiques, but we maintain that the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program databases represent a powerful and effective tool with which to study and model venous thromboembolism events to better deliver risk data to our patients and to help inform clinical decision-making. These databases, just like other national databases, have limitations that must be disclosed and considered in the context of interpreting the findings. In summary, we believe that by using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Databases we have generated a useful tool for assessing venous thromboembolism risk in body contouring patients, and shown that in the presence of certain risk factors, the incidence of venous thromboembolism increases dramatically. DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000475817.35413.02


A method for determination of 11 pyrethroids pesticides residues in Allium Chinense by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrography (GC-MS) with matrix solid-phase dispersion(MSPD) has been established . The graphitized carbon black-XAD-2(1∶1,m/m) support was homogenized into the sample.Then 11 pyrethroids pesticides was extracted from the sample with acetone- hexane(1∶2 v/v). The analyte was determinated by GC-MS, using external standard method.When the spiked level was 0.025 mg/kg ~1.0 mg/kg ,the recovceries ranged from 72.1 %~127.8 % .The RSD was 1.5 %~16.6 % (n=5),The limit of determination reached as low as0.025 mg/kg~0.060 mg/kg.The residue was confirmed by the retention time and the abundance ratio of the monitoring ions .The method is simple,rapid,sensitive and suitable for the analysis of pyrethroids pesticides residues .


OAK B188 Isolation of Microstructure in Proton-Irradiated Steels. Topical Report. Component degradation by irradiation is a primary concern in both current reactor systems as well as advanced designs and concepts where the demand for higher efficiency and performance will be considerably greater. In advanced reactor systems, core components will be expected to operate under increasingly hostile (temperature, pressure, radiation flux, dose, etc.) conditions, The current strategy for assessing radiation effects for the development of new materials is impractical in that the costs and time required to conduct reactor irradiations are becoming increasingly prohibitive, and the facilities for conducting these irradiations are becoming increasingly scarce. The next generation reactor designs will require more extreme conditions (temperature, flux, fluence), yet the capability for conducting irradiations for materials development and assessment in the next 20 years is significantly weaker than over the past 20 years. Short of building new test reactors, what is needed now are advanced tools and capabilities for studying radiation damage in materials that can keep pace with design development requirements. The most successful of these irradiation tools has been high energy (several MeV) proton irradiation. Proton irradiation to several tens of dpa can be conducted in short amounts of time (weeks), with relatively inexpensive accelerators, and result in negligible residual radioactivity. All of these factors combine to provide a radiation damage assessment tool that reduces the time and cost to develop and assess reactor materials by factors of 10-100. What remains to be accomplished, is the application of this tool to specific materials problems and the extension of the technique to a wider range of problems in preparation for advanced reactor materials development and assessment. In this project, we plan to approach the mechanism of irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) by isolating the irradiated microstructure. This report focuses on the microstructure of proton irradiated stainless steel and model alloys for reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels.


Abstract Disclosure: B. Abel: None. W. Minich: Stock Owner; Self; ImmunometriX GmbH. C. Schwiebert: Employee; Self; Bruker Corporation. T. Welsink: Employee; Self; Bruker Corporation. P. Seemann: Stock Owner; Self; ImmunometriX GmbH, selenOmed GmbH. L. Schomburg: Stock Owner; Self; selenOmed GmbH. R.J. Brown: None. Severe insulin resistance (IR) in the presence of insulin receptor autoantibodies (InsR-aAb) is known as type B IR (TBIR). TBIR has a spectrum of phenotypes, including severe IR with uncontrolled diabetes (DM), milder IR without uncontrolled DM, hypoglycemia, and remission states. Considerable progress in therapy has been achieved, but diagnosis and monitoring of InsR-aAb remains a challenge. We aimed to develop a robust in vitro method for InsR-Ab quantification and correlate it with clinical outcomes. 28 longitudinal serum samples from 9 patients with TBIR were collected before, during, and after immunosuppression. Samples included 11 in states of remission, 4 in hypoglycemia, 6 in mild IR, and 7 in severe IR. Samples from 8 patients with IR not due to TBIR (type 1 DM, N=1; type 2 DM, N=4; lipodystrophy, N=2; and INSR mutation, N=1) were used as controls. A bridge-assay for InsR-aAb detection was established using recombinant human insulin receptor as bait and detector and validated using monoclonal antibodies as positive controls. The assay consists of an immobilized recombinant InsR at a plastic surface and an InsR-Luc fusion protein for detection of InsR-aAb. There was dose-dependent increase in intensity over >2 orders of magnitude with InsR-specific commercial mAb, but not with control mAb. In the presence of insulin, strong InsR phosphorylation was observed in cells incubated with Ig from control sera, but not those incubated with Ig from TBIR patient sera. Fasting insulin was highest in severe TBIR (median 1000 [IQR 273-1000] mcU/mL), followed by mild (71[32-230]), and lower in hypoglycemia (6 [3,103]) and remission (14[6,35]), P=0.0014, and was moderately elevated in insulin resistant controls (55[11,120]). A1c was elevated in severe TBIR & controls (9.9±3.0 & 9.1±3.8%) and near-normal in mild, hypoglycemic, and remission states of TBIR (5.7±1.3, 6.0±0.7, 5.7±1.1). InsR-aAb titers changed in parallel to changes in TBIR state and severity: highest in severe TBIR (median 700 [IQR 365-977]), followed by mild (176[98-254]), and lower in hypoglycemia (14[1.3-189]) and remission (17[3-28]). All TBIR samples showed clearly elevated signal intensities versus controls (0.9[0.7-1.1], Bonferroni corrected P<0.05 for all TBIR states vs controls). During treatment, InsR-aAb for each subject declined with amelioration of disease symptoms. Fasting insulin strongly correlated with InsR-aAb titers (r=0.825, p<0.001). The assay correctly identified all samples from patients with TBIR vs controls with non-autoimmune IR, and thus is an easy to interpret diagnostic tool. InsR-aAb titers correlated with fasting insulin, supporting direct relevance of InsR-aAb as causal for disease severity and as therapeutic targets for Ab depletion. By easing diagnosis and monitoring of TBIR, the new assay for InsR-aAb quantification should enhance access to timely and effective treatment for TBIR. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023


The design goal was to invent a machine that could successfully maneuver heavy loads in isolated areas for extended periods of time. The motivation was to reduce the complexity of autonomous walking robots by involving the human in the operation of the machine. By taking advantage of the intelligence of the operator, the complexity of bipedal locomotion was reduced to tractable problem. The result of this research is that a two-legged, single actuated degree of freedom, walking machine was designed, built, and tested. The robot successfully navigated terrain including steep inclines and stairs. Additionally, a mechatronic control system was added to provide for smooth speed control and regulation. The leg driving architecture, the double four-bar linkage, designed for this machine can be extended to produce simplified four- and six-legged walking machines. The preliminary results can be used to extend this concept to a machine with an actuated balance assist system based on the human operator's interaction with the machine.


The research objectives is to test the behaviour of the axially compressed glass fiber reinforced polymer tubes CFFT (concrete-filled FRP tube) withe the R-C core.


Low and high electric field transport in the CdIn2Te4 electro‐optical semiconductor were investigated. The conductivity, the carrier concentration, and the mobility were measured versus the temperature using Hall techniques. Nonlinear current‐voltage characteristics in high fields are interpreted in terms of thermal effects, not in terms of space‐charge‐limited currents as usually encountered. The nonreversibility of I‐V measurements is also discussed, diffusion of species are proposed to explain the change of activation energy of the conductivity.


26 Estimating soil moisture typically involves calibrating models to sparse networks of in situ 27 sensors, which introduces considerable error in locations where sensors are not available. We 28 address this issue by calibrating parameters of a parsimonious soil moisture model, which 29 requires only antecedent precipitation information, at gauged locations and then extrapolating 30 these values to ungauged locations via a hydro-climatic classification system. Fifteen sites 31 within the soil climate analysis network (SCAN) containing multi-year time series data for 32 precipitation and soil moisture are used to calibrate the model. By calibrating at one of these 33 fifteen sites and validating at another, we observe that the best results are obtained where 34 calibration and validation occur within the same hydro-climatic class. Additionally, soil texture 35 data are tested for their importance in improving predictions between calibration and validation 36 sites. Results have the largest errors when calibration/validation pairs differ hydro-climatically 37 and edaphically, improve when one of these two characteristics are aligned, and are strongest 38 when the calibration and validation sites are hydro-climatically and edaphically similar. These 39 findings indicate considerable promise for improving soil moisture estimation in ungauged 40 locations by considering these similarities. 41


Re-introduction of Eurasian Lynx to Scotland is being considered. Work by others has identified areas of suitable habitat, but it is not contiguous. This model examines the potential for lynx to successfully disperse from a release point. Movement rules derived from observation of wild lynx in Europe have been established in the literature. These are used in the current model to assess whether lynx are able to bridge the gap between noncontiguous areas of habitat and whether their typical movement patterns suggest that they will explore enough habitat in the months following release. The model is built using Netlogo software. Results, based on observed lynx movement rules from several European studies suggest a number of sites which would enable released lynx to access sufficient habitat to establish territories. The visual nature of the model and its mapped outputs may also have a discursive function as a tool to help people understand a landscape which includes lynx and people. The model could be easily adapted to include modified movement rules specific to the Scottish case and further developed to model human interactions such as risks from road traffic and disturbance from recreation.


Abstract The gas permeability and adhesion strength of laminated green ceramic tapes were determined for samples comprised of barium titanate as the dielectric, and poly(vinyl butyral) and dioctyl phthalate as the main components of the binder mixture. The green tapes were laminated for times of 2–10 min, pressures of 1˙8–7 MPa, and temperatures of 35–85°C. The adhesion strength, which was measured by a peel test, increased with increasing lamination time, temperature and pressure. The permeability, which was determined from gas flux measurements, decreased with increasing lamination time, temperature and pressure. The dependence of the permeability and adhesion strength on lamination time, temperature and pressure is qualitatively consistent with a mechanistic description of the lamination process as one of binder flow in porous media.


might have contributed to the Terror of 1793–95. Perhaps Burke was right that the French Revolution was doomed to degenerate into violent anarchy. But why then was foreign military intervention necessary? Burke's views on the French Revolution have become canonical, supplanting those of Paine, Jefferson, Kant, Hegel, Mill, and Marx on the significance of the revolution. Perhaps contemporary fears of popular insurgencies, particularly in the Middle East, make Burke seem prophetic. The Cambridge Companion to Edmund Burke is a book for our time: it should help undergraduates know what is expected of them in their exams; it is a helpful supplement to Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France but not a replacement for Burke's own texts. Burke was an incisive analyst of British America, a great parliamentary orator, a prudent reformer of British politics, a compassionate observer and agent of India's and Ireland's relationship with British imperialism, but he was neither a saint nor consistent in his principles. As Isaac Kramnick argues in The Rage of Edmund Burke (1979) and as Ian McBride argues in his fine chapter in this volume, Burke was conflicted between his Irish and English identities, his aristocratic and bourgeois allegiances, his meager means and lofty ambitions, his high-flown rhetoric and his sober analysis, his use of natural rights rhetoric with respect to India and his deprecation of it with respect to France.


Zn-doped palygorskite loaded TiO2 for visible-light active catalysts were prepared by the method of liquid ion exchange and precipitation. XRD and SEM measurments show that the titanium dioxide was loaded on the palygorskite and that composite is mainly composed of two phase,that is, the palygorskite and the nano crystalline titanium dioxide. The results show that the composite catalysts showed excellent photocatalytic ability and quantum efficient.


Geomaterials such as soils may be sujected to complicated wetting and drying histories. Shearing tests of specimens which experienced wetting and drying process have been conducted by Shemsu. In this paper,we verify the Kohgo's elastoplastic model by simulating the experiment of soils subjected to such a suction history. Through the investigation,we show to need two types of subloading surface.


Recently, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) has been postulated to be a potential tropospheric reservoir of oxides of nitrogen, and to be important in their long-range transport. To better assess its atmospheric chemistry, absolute rate constants for the reaction of OH radicals with peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) have been determined using a flash photolysis resonance fluorescence technique. Rate constants of (1.13 ± 0.06) × 10−13 cm³ molecule−1 s−1 and (1.37 ± 0.05) × 10−13 cm³ molecule−1 s−1, independent of total pressure over the range 25-100 torr of argon, were determined at 273 ± 2 and 297 ± 2 K, respectively. (The errors limits represent two standard deviations; systematic errors could contribute an additional ∼10% uncertainty.) These rate constants imply that reaction with the OH radical is the most important removal process for PAN in the upper troposphere.


The Matteson homologation is found to be a versatile tool for the stereoselective synthesis of polyunsaturated alkyl boronic esters, which can be used for the construction of five- and six-membered carbocycles via ring-closing metathesis.


The launch of cross-cultural research investigating multicultural issues in the United States has forced mental health practitioners to recognize an existing void in the profession. In Western cultures, there is a tendency to apply counseling theories and techniques to populations having diverse backgrounds that are not represented in the mainstream literature. The people of Jamaica are not exempt from this exclusionary oversight that is present in today's research literature (G. J. Palmer, 2009). Regardless of the representation of Jamaica in the mental health services literature, the practice of counseling is now present within that Caribbean country. The introduction of counseling services is limited, with the majority of professionals being employed in the school systems as guidance counselors. Although the majority of counselors are found in Jamaica's public schools, there is also an effort to provide counseling within community settings, such as local churches (Copeland, 1992), and through student affair divisions of colleges and universities. Among the helping professionals are a small number of mental health care providers in private practice. Counseling delivered in this manner faces a multitude of challenges that stem from economic and social constraints. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of counseling services in Jamaica. The evolution of counseling is discussed by reviewing past practices, the present state of counselors in the field, and implications for future trends. This synopsis of Jamaica's development in counseling also has implications for the services provided to Jamaicans now living in the United States. * Historical Overview and State of the Nation: Jamaica Jamaica achieved its political independence from Great Britain in 1962 amid high hopes for growth and development. For large numbers of Jamaicans, the realization of these hopes was possible only by moving to the urban areas, especially the metropolitan area of Kingston, the capital. Many of these individuals were formerly engaged in agricultural activities that added only marginally to the total output of the economy. The late economist W. Arthur Lewis (1954) described them as surplus labor that could be absorbed only in low-wage urban jobs. In 1960, there was considerable room for improvement in citizens' level of education. Only 43% of the high school age population actually attended secondary school and only 2% of individuals between the ages of 20 and 24 years were enrolled in tertiary education. Over the past 5 decades, these percentages have improved to 66% and 6%, respectively, as a result of greater investment in education and an increase in the demand for skilled workers (R. W. Palmer, 2009). When compared with universal access to secondary education in small developing countries such as Singapore and South Korea, these increases have been modest. In addition to the limited availability of skilled workers, strong labor unions have kept labor costs high, placing Jamaica at a competitive disadvantage with other countries in the region. Today, the major share of employment is provided by the service sector, which includes government, wholesale and retail, and financial and tourism services. In the 1970s, the politics of nationalism limited the capacity of employment growth in the private sector as the socialist government sought to capture the economy, which at that time meant control of the bauxite industry. In the process, the strategy scared off needed foreign private capital investment to such a degree that subsequent pro-private-sector governments were unable to stimulate growth beyond the anemic rate of 1% from 1975 to 2005. At the same time during this period, the rate of emigration to the United States rose, draining away valuable skilled labor, including future educators and mental health practitioners. As the economy stagnated, graduation from high school no longer guaranteed a job. …


The present invention provides a prepared product of flowery knotweed root, in which every gram of prepared product contains tannin C76H52O46 whose content is less than 3mg. Said invention also provides the preparation method of said flowery knotweed root prepared product and medicine preparation prepared by using raw medicinal powder or extract of said flowery knotweed root prepared product as active component. Said product can be used as medicine and also can be used as tea, and has the actions of nourishing stomach, supplementing blood and building up body, etc.


Summary

For rejection test purposes on a creamery platform the 10-min. resazurin test can be recommended. At the present time there is no adequate test that can be recommended in all circumstances for routine use in a dairy, particularly if it is desired to have a test which gives warning of a potentially unsatisfactory supply. During warm weather and with milk cooled by water only, dye-reduction tests could be suitable for this purpose. With refrigerated milk, preliminary incubation is necessary before a dye test can be discriminating but the use of preliminary incubation can give misleading results. For official purposes in Scotland the colony count test should continue to be used but at an incubation temperature of 32°C. The coliform test should be restricted to Farm Bottled raw milk and heat-treated milk. If the coliform test is retained for T.T. raw milk, the pass standard should be reduced from negative in 0·01 ml. to negative in 0·001 ml.


A wavelet domain robust denoising algorithm is presented, which efficiently removes both Gaussian as well as Gaussian mixed with impulse noise. Several wavelet domain operators are developed which help in the denoising process. The superiority of the new algorithm is firmly established by simulation over a variety of images.


. Katsura, S., Kimura, T., Maruyama, K. and Ishida, K. (2016): Characteristics of landslides induced by the Kamishiro Fault Earthquake in Nagano Prefecture on November 22, 2014, Journal of the Japan Landslide Society, Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 11–20 (in Japanese). Kawabe, H., Tsujimoto, F. and Hayashi, S. (1997): The distribution of slope collapses in the Rokko Mountains caused by the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake, Journal of the Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering, Vol. 49, No. 5, pp. 12–19 (in Japanese with English abstract). Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transports and Tourism (2018): Occurrence of sediment-related disasters in 2016,http://www.mlit.go.jp/river/sabo/jirei/h28dosha/ H28dosyasaigai.pdf. Reference date: May 7, 2018 (in Japanese). Nishida, K., Kobayashi, S. and Mizuyama, T. (1997): DTM based topographical analysis of landslide caused by an earthquake, Journal of the Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering, Vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 9–16 (in Japanese with English abstract). Okimura, T., Yoshida, N., Okunishi, K. and Torii, N. (1997): A consideration of the mechanism of slope failure in the Rokko mountain range caused by the 1995 Southern Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake, Disaster Prevention Research Institute Annuals, Kyoto University, No. 40B-1, pp. 115–125 (in Japanese; the title is a tentative translation by the authors from the original). Ono, K. and Watanabe, K. (1985): Geological map of Aso Volcano (1:50,000) (in Japanese). Yamaguchi, I. and Kawabe, H. (1982): Study of characteristics of disaster at mountainous district due to earthquake, Shin-Sabo, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 3–15 (in Japanese with English abstract). Yasuda, Y., Tsuchiya, S., Mizuyama, T., Matsumura, K., Ochiai, H., Takahashi, M. and Tang, W. (2006): Topographic effects of the seismic slope displacement and ground acceleration by earthquake using a dynamic response analysis, Journal of the Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 3–11 (in Japanese with English abstract).


End-user programming, a frequently recurring dream, has thus far eluded large-scale, complex applications. Very real, hard questions stand in the way of its realization. How can its languages and tools support: (1) The development of applications with large data sets and sophisticated computation? (2) The co-development by end-users and professional developers when the complexity of an application demands it? (3) Beyond development, the maintenance, distribution, monitoring, and integration with other applications and services? We discuss our approach to these questions, as implemented in the LogicBlox Modeler. We discuss its use in developing applications for governments, major financial institutions, and large global retailers. We highlight the essential synergies between Programming Languages, Software Engineering, and Database research to achieve self-service at scale, and present open questions to which we look to the FSE community for inspirations and solutions.


The plateau calibration is of importance in the development of common-rail diesel engine.The full load calibration experiment of common-rail diesel engine at different altitudes was conducted by high altitude(low air pressure),and the relationships between the optimal injection parameters and the altitude were investigated.Then,the power experiment at different altitudes was completed.Results show that the optimal fuel delivery per cycle per cylinder decreases with increasing altitude,which decreased by 2%—4% when the altitude increased by 1,000,m.The optimal injection advance angle and common-rail pressure increase with increasing altitude within medium and high rotated speed ranges.The maximum torque and rated power decreased by 2.8% and 2.9%,respectively,with the altitude increasing by 1,000,m.The speed coefficient of diesel remains unchanged at different altitudes.The fuel economy remains roughly unchanged at different altitudes within medium and high rotated speed ranges,but it experiences a deterioration at lower rotated speeds,which increased the specific fuel consumption by 3.9% with the altitude increasing by 1 000,m.


Invasive plants in Inner Mongolia were recorded in this paper based on field survey and related materials.The results showed that there are 22 species of invasive plant in Inner Mongolia.They spread from other area of China to Inner Mongolia.According to the changes range of plant distribution,Galinsoga parviflora and Cenchrus calyculatus have expressed the tendency of spreading.Some suggestions for further study on invasive plants in Inner Mongolia was put forward.


Early in 1975 both houses of Congress passed by wide margins bill S. 652, the ''Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1975''; the act was subsequently vetoed by the President. The bill is written in such a manner that control is left to the states, with the Department of the Interior serving as an agency of last resort with the power to assume the state's role if the state fails in its duty. S. 652 gives each state 18 months to establish controls at least equal to the Federal requirements; a comparison of the two indicates what steps a state must take to meet the requirements. The main purpose of the study reported here wast to examine the Iowa Code dealing with strip mining from an environmental standpoint, and to suggest needed changes in, or additions to the Code. To accomplish this, S. 652 was compared with state laws of ten other states, in addition to Iowa; none of the state laws approaches the provisions of S. 652. On the basis of the comparison of the Iowa Code with S. 652, eleven criteria are proposed for consideration for additional regulation of strip mining in Iowa. (LMT)


The effectiveness of Fenton's reagent (H2O2/Fe ) for chemical oxidation of the organic content of wastewater generated from a textile industry has been studied. The oxidative agent generates reactive hydroxyl radical species which degrades the reactive dye under study: Remazol brilliant orange 3RID (RBO3RID). The experimental results indicate that the oxidation process leads to a reduction in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration up to 97%. Response surface methodology was used to optimize three different process variables: COD to Hydrogen peroxide ratio, Hydrogen peroxide-to-Fe (II) ratio and time. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination value (R=0.997). Effect of experimental parameters on the COD removal efficiency of RBO3RID was established by the response surface and contour plots. Results showed that COD removal increases with increasing oxidation time and initial Fe concentration.


The morphology identification was carried on the fruiting body of a wild large edible mushroom collected on the oak growing on the lawn of University of East Anglia at Norwich in UK,and the identification of their genetic relationships through ITS sequences combined with modern molecular biology methods,blasting in genebank on NCBI showed that the strain belonged to Homobasidiomycetes,Aphyllophorales or Polyporales,Polyporaceae,Laetiporus,Laetiporus sulphureus.It was temporarily called Laetiporus sulphureus UK strain.


Description Portable low-field scanners could revolutionize medical imaging in nations rich and poor—if doctors embrace them Portable low-field scanners could revolutionize medical imaging in nations rich and poor—if doctors embrace them


With the classification and types of logical construction of the theory of infringement, the thesis discusses the way of legal application of the action of infringement by faitours and explains it with theories according to new Copyright Law.