The present study aims at knowing the features of the rural life in hasan Bakr AL-Azzazi`s poetry. In his poetry, one can observe some features of this life where the relation with the daily heritage of the simple local society is observable. In other words, his poetry expresses the life of normal people. The rural features were reflected in three main aspects: the image of the rural features, familiar sentence patterns, and used lexical items.


It is proved that the semigroups $\mathrm{\mathbf{End}}(\boldsymbol{B}_{\omega})$ and $\mathrm{\mathbf{End}}(\boldsymbol{B}_{\mathbb{Z}})$ of the endomorphisms of the bicyclic semigroup $\boldsymbol{B}_{\omega}$ and the endomorphisms of the extended bicyclic semigroup $\boldsymbol{B}_{\mathbb{Z}}$ are isomorphic to the semidirect products $(\omega,+)\rtimes_\varphi(\omega,*)$ and $\mathbb{Z}(+)\rtimes_\varphi(\omega,*)$, respectively.


A damage monitoring method based on an impact force identification is proposed for CFRP structures under impact force. An experimental identification method of impact force is developed. The relation between force histories and strain responses is determined by using measured force histories and the corresponding strain responses at the discrete points. By employing this relation, the location and history of impact force acting on CFRP stiffened panel is identified using measured strain responses. The method is also applied to the impact force identification of CFRP laminated plates involving impact damages under a drop-weight impact test. It is shown that the identified force history agrees well with the experimental one even when the impact damage is induced, and the damage monitoring method based on impact force identification is promising as a real-time health monitoring of CFRP structures.


"Success in delivering evidence-based health care relies heavily on the ready availability of current best evidence about diagnosis, treatment, and prevention options for health disorders..." -- Haynes, Editorial, ACP J Club. 2006.


Many researchers work on human motion detection and recognition systems and have been trying to use these systems in order to solve problems in health services. Falls as one of the major health problems are especially seen more frequently among elderly people and reduce the quality of life dramatically with causing serious damages. Therefore, immediate medical intervention is required to victims of falls only in this way it is possible to minimize emotional and mental traumas may arise from physical causes. Immediate intervention is only provided when the fall is noticed and authorities are informed instantly. In this study, we developed an algorithm that automatically detects falls by benefiting from the gyroscope and accelerometer sensor data in smart phones. Tests which involve daily living activities and falls data are applied to the algorithm, and it is seen that falls are distinguished from daily living activities with 100% accuracy.


Background:  Pre‐employment competency screening (PECS) has been introduced in some regions in the UK for foundation applicants. There is no consensus on how the process should be run, and this has led to a variety of methods used between and within deaneries. This study aims to look at the acceptability and, in part, the educational impact of PECS in the North Western Foundation School.


The propagation characteristics of a confocal waveguide are related to the radial spheroidal function, which is extremely complicated. A quadratic polynomial fitting (QPF) expression derived from numerical results by interpolation was successfully applied to the development of confocal gyrotrons. However, the QPF expression is valid only for a moderate spheroidal parameter. As a result, it cannot work well for confocal gyrotron travelling-wave tube (gyro-TWT) applications since the Fresnel parameter may be small for stable operations. For the first time, an efficient algorithm is developed to accurately calculate the spheroidal functions. Based on it, the MATLAB code with high accuracy and efficiency is developed to analyze the propagation characteristics of confocal waveguide. The calculated results and the QPF results are compared for different mirror apertures, and then demonstrated by high frequency structure simulator (HFSS). The calculated results show good agreement with the HFSS results for different mirror apertures while the QPF solution agrees with the HFSS results only for large apertures. The code is valid for arbitrary mirror apertures for both the confocal gyrotron and gyro-TWT applications.


In this paper, using reflection coefficients of electromagnetic wave in metal surface, calculation formula of efficiency due to reflector antenna surface ohmic loss are derived. Ohmic loss efficiencies of different high reflectivity reflector antenna metal surface are calculated at frequencies 100∼300GHz. Calculating results of ohmic loss efficiency have great benefit to the design and performance analysis of millimetre wave reflector antennas.


While accreditation programmes are not a quality assurance panacea, long experience has shown their benefits to substantially outweigh real or perceived negative impacts. It is argued that such systems are an essential basis for more sophisticated quality assurance programmes. Accreditation programmes also have unexpected benefits in the general management of hospitals.


The transient build-up and decay of the radiated field produced by a short pulse in a reflector antenna are examined. The transient time is proportional to diameter, and inversely pro-portional to f/D, thus Cassegrain reflectors have better short-pulse response.


Olecranon bursitis is rarely seen in patients with stroke, but reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome is not. Here, we report a stroke case, which represented the clinical symptom of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome after development of olecranon bursitis in few days, and describe his clinical association between both conditions. Sonographicpicture of the right elbow in this case is shown.


A school library that exists in all levels of schools is a facility that supports the process of productive learningfor thefuffillment of information needs especially literature and the information deriving from the teachers. This article is written in response to the problem encountered in school libraries particularly at the elementary school at Subdistrict of Minggir District of Sleman with poor facilities, limited collection and aquisition and management. These conditions will indirectly affect the utilization of the school library by the teachers at elementary schools. This writing is meant to help teachers at elementary schools to understand the meaning of the library within the school. Approach to the analysis is based on the theory of social construction introduced by Peter L. Berger mtd T. Luclcrnan. We can use the concept of meaning and rests on thefact that there are objective reality, symbolic reality, and subjective reality. It is emphasized that the objective reality would affect the return to a subjective reality through a process of internalization. Subjective reality is inseparable from the process of socialization. Subjective reality affects the externalization process at the end. This condition can be associated with the birth of understanding what has been and will be done by the teacher in an elementary school library in the symbolic reality. Finally, this study reveals that there are two typologies ofteachers; professional staffmembers and deserter.


Digitisation should not provoke fear. This paper looks at ways of making a digitisation project run smoothly and introduces the work of the Higher Education Digitisation Service (HEDS). Issues such as preparation, work flow issues and the decision to digitise in‐house or to outsource are discussed.


Objective To investigate the methods of making rat model of small-for-size liver transplantation.Methods Different proportional mall-for-size liver graft of rat was designed acording to rat's liver-lobe/liver-weight ratio.Small-for-size liver grafts were obtained by hepatic lobectomy in situ and transplanted into rats with same or near weight of donors by two-cuff technique.150 cases of 50-percent small-for-size liver graft of rats were made in this group.Results Rat's 3 and 7 d survival rate was 88%(132/150) and 81.3%(122/150) in this group.The complication incuded thrombosis of inferior vena cava(IVC)(6) and portal vein(PV)(3),torsion of PV(3),stenosis(3) and blood permeation(6) of IVC anastomosis,bile leakage(5) and infection of peritoneal cavity(2).Conclusion It is ideal that the different proportional small-for-size liver grafst are obtained by hepatic lobectomy in situ arcording to rat's liver-lobe/liver-weight ratio.Skilled microsurgery technique and careful operation is the key of making ideal rat model of small-for-size liver transplantation.


In the process of building a tunnel,primary support is the main structure of accepting force,so the thickness checks of the concrete jetting is very necessary.This thesis through the discussion of the principle of detecting geology radar,and the applies in the primary support detecting of Tangda tunnel——the rebuilding project of the highway from Du Yun to Xin Zhai,expounded the calibrating of radar's wave velocity and the analysis of radar's wave form comprehensively.


Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality, if not treated effectively in time. An attempt was made to generate the baseline data regarding the etiologies and clinical profile of SE. A total of 50 patients diagnosed on clinical grounds as SE were analyzed for different parameters. SE was found more common in males and in the age group 21-40 years. Most common etiology was acute symptomatic (68%). Seven patients subjected to lumbar puncture and CSF analysis revealed TB meningitis (three), viral etiology (three) and pyogenic meningitis (one). Of the 50 patients, 44 (88%) responded to the first-line drugs and six (12%) patients required second-line drugs. Five patients (10%) succumbed to death due to massive intra-cerebral bleeding (two), endosulfan poisoning (one), Japanese encephalitis with refractory SE (one) and primary epilepsy with intractable seizures (one). Age, gender and etiology of SE were found to be non-significant. Results indicate that SE can occur in epileptic as well as non-epileptic individuals. Early recognition, good knowledge of various etiologies, prompt initiation of therapy and availability of ventilatory facility as well as ICU care is of paramount importance in the management of SE.


A fusion method with self-adjusting weights is proposed,which measures the classifier performance by the confusion matrix,and self-adaptively assigns weights to classifiers based on their outputs.Bigger weights are assigned to reliable outputs so that the decision templates are more credible.For a sample which is prone to be misclassified,besides the similarity between it and the decision templates,the information of the training samples around it are included to make a decision.Experiments were done on the KDD'99 intrusion detection dataset and 8 datasets from the database UCI to compare the proposed method with the DT method.The experimental results show the presented method has a better classification performance.


A. Pfeiffer Oxford: Pergamon Press. 1967 Pp. xi+ 128. Price £1 5s. This book argues against both positivist and idealist philosophies and in favour of a comprehensive, unified science which would be sufficient to explain the growth of ethical ideals and the general development of human culture. The author is an experimental physicist at an East German university.


We prove that the scaled maximum steady-state waiting time and the scaled maximum steady-state queue length among $N$ $GI/GI/1$-queues in the $N$-server fork-join queue, converge to a normally distributed random variable as $N\to\infty$. The maximum steady-state waiting time in this queueing system scales around $\frac{1}{\gamma}\log N$, where $\gamma$ is determined by the cumulant generating function $\Lambda$ of the service distribution and solves the Cram\'er-Lundberg equation with stochastic service times and deterministic inter-arrival times. This value $\frac{1}{\gamma}\log N$ is reached at a certain hitting time. The number of arrivals until that hitting time satisfies the central limit theorem, with standard deviation $\frac{\sigma_A}{\sqrt{\Lambda'(\gamma)\gamma}}$. By using distributional Little's law, we can extend this result to the maximum queue length. Finally, we extend these results to a fork-join queue with different classes of servers.


Objective To evaluate the influence of trace element zinc on the serum levels of TNF-α、IL-6 in acute traumatic patients.Methods 65 cases of traumatic patients were divided into therapeutic group(33cases) and control group(32cases),serum TNF-α、IL-6 levels of all patients were monitored on 12h、24h、72h after admission.TNF-α measured by radioimmunoassay and IL-6 measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The patients in therapeutic group gave oral administration of zinc gluconate at 1 hour after admission,the control group were not treated,at time on 12h、24h、72h of admission all patients serum TNF-α、IL-6 were measured.Results Serum TNF-α、IL-6 level change in therapeutic group were significant big than the control group(P0.05).Conclusion Oral administration of zinc gluconate to traumatic patients may influnce the secretion of cytokine,this will be helpful of attenuate inflammation.


Researchers have used a variety of measures for the assessment of conjoint analysis reliability. In this note we critically evaluate two different measures and identify potential shortcomings for each one. We identify the context for which a given measure is suitable, and recommend the use of multiple measures for other cases.


The progenitors of magnetic white dwarfs are believed to be magnetic Ap and Bp stars because the fields in these stars are structured and are present in the stellar core. As in Ap/Bp stars the magnetic fields in white dwarfs are, in most cases, dipolar or quadrupolar with various offsets. Although the present space density of Ap/Bp progenitors would be sufficient to account for the density of magnetic white dwarfs in young populations such as found in the Palomar-Green survey, we show that it would be insufficient to generate the density of known magnetic white dwarfs in the older solar neighborhood. Assuming magnetic flux conservation during the final stages of evolution, we find that Ap/Bp stars would evolve into white dwarfs with magnetic fields exceeding 10 G, assuming a minimum polar field of 200 G in Ap/Bp stars, thereby leaving many magnetic white dwarfs with lower fields without likely progenitors.


Distribution according to technology,which makes the owners of technology potential to have surplus claim right,has established its firm theoretical foundation in the progress of revising Solow Model and New Cambridge Model.In the case of Solow Model,non-reflection of technology progress and reflection of technology progress caused by Distribution according to technology has enhanced both the growth rate of national income and the growth rate of national income per capita.In the case of New Cambridge Model,distribution according to technology revises the model hypothesis and then the proportion of national income.Therefore,the proportion of distribution according to technology in the national income as well as the technical laborers' propensity to save is becoming the dominant factors of national economy;In the case of Romer Model the technology inventors because of obtaining the income by Distribution according to technology invent or improve the techniques which lead the technology progress promoting the growth of economy by increasing the middle products;In the case of Romer Model,the technology inventors increase their impetus of invention because of benefit from distribution according to technology,such as monopoly rental stream(monopoly profit) or patent tax,so distribution according to technology is the crucial premise of Romer Model.


Fulminant hepatitis is defined as an acute and severe hepatic failure with encephalopathy. It develops most commonly as a complication of viral hepatitis, but may also result from exposure to drugs. The prognosis for patients with fulminant hepatitis is very poor.A 50-year-old female was operated on under halothane anesthesia to reduce fractures of the mandible and zygomatic bone. On the 11 th post operative day, she abruptly complained of high fever. Her condition deteriorated gradually and was not improved with treatment including plasma exchange. The patient died 22 days after the operation.This case was diagnosed as a case of halothane-induced fulminant hepatitis.


This paper is a detailed study of a class of isolated Gorenstein threefold singularities, called hyperconifolds, that are finite quotients of the conifold. First, it is shown that hyperconifold singularities arise naturally in limits of smooth, compact Calabi--Yau threefolds (in particular), when the group action on the covering space develops a fixed point. The Z_n-hyperconifolds---those for which the quotient group is cyclic---are classified, demonstrating a one-to-one correspondence between these singularities and three-dimensional lens spaces L(n,k), which occur as the vanishing cycles. The classification is constructive, and leads to a simple proof that a Z_n-hyperconifold is mirror to an n-nodal variety. It is then argued that all factorial Z_n-hyperconifolds have crepant, projective resolutions, and this gives rise to transitions between smooth compact Calabi--Yau threefolds, which are mirror to certain conifold transitions. Formulae are derived for the change in both fundamental group and Hodge numbers under such hyperconifold transitions.
Finally, a number of explicit examples are given, to illustrate how to construct new Calabi--Yau manifolds using hyperconifold transitions, and also to highlight the differences which can occur when these singularities occur in non-factorial varieties.


The purpose of this chapter of the book is to present knowledge on the use of laser technology in silicon photovoltaic cell manufacturing processes. Particular consideration was given to the technique of using a disk laser to cut the edges of silicon wafers together with the recognition of the flow of laser micromachining on the quality of cut edges to obtain their minimal deformation. The second topic described is the method of producing point contacts employing laser radiation between a layer of vaporised aluminium and crystalline silicon using the Nd:YAG laser. The results illustrating the impact of the structure and parameters of point contact for a given laser radiation energy on basic electrical parameters for complete, prototype solar cells are included. The chapter in the book provides an overview of the literature on the above topics and presents selected results of experimental works carried out by the authors. The motive for its publication is the need to present selected results of own research carried out in the Welding Department cooperating for many years with the Institute of Engineering and Biomedical Materials (IMIiB) of the Silesian University of Technology and the Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering (IMIM) of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow.


An unusual case of duplication of the alimentary tract involving the descending colon of a previously asymptomatic 63-year-old female presented clinically and radiographically as a probable neoplasm. Despite the extreme rarity of duplications in this area of the colon, especially at this age, the correct diagnosis might have been suggested from the preoperative barium enema examination if it had been considered. A 63-year-old female without previous gastrointestinal symptoms gave a three-month history of a dull, gnawing, at times crampy, nonradiating pain in her left side. The pain was accompanied by a gurgling sensation and would be partially relieved by passing gas. There was no other change in bowel habits and no bleeding. Physical examination was negative except for an 8-cm cylindrical mass in the area of the descending colon which was quite fixed and tender to palpation. Although the white blood count was normal, the hemoglobin was 11.8 g per 100 cc, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 101 mm ...


Five fixed micropipettes of 100 µl were tested by eight different National Metrology Institutes from different Regional Metrology Organizations between July 2011 and June 2012. The micropipettes had a stable volume, during the whole comparison, with a maximum standard deviation of 0.06 µl. After a careful analysis of the original results it was decided to make corrections to the standard atmospheric pressure in order to compare results under the same calibration conditions. These corrections led to a decrease of variability within the laboratories. It was also decided to include the stability of the standard and the method variability, determined by the pilot laboratory, in the uncertainty budget of each laboratory. The corrected results (volume and uncertainty) are consistent and overlap with the key comparison reference values for the micropipettes 354828Z, 354853Z and 354864Z. For the other two micropipettes only one result is not consistent with the reference value. Most results also overlap with those of the other laboratories di,j < U(di,j). An important outcome of this comparison is that in order to have comparable results, corrections for the working conditions must be applied to the laboratory results. Laboratories must always correct their reported volume results to a reference pressure condition and temperature (for example 101.325 kPa and 20 ºC) and this information should be stated in the calibration certificate of the micropipette. Also the standard uncertainty of the method variability and reproducibility values should always be included in the uncertainty budget (around 0.1%) to lead to more realistic uncertainty values. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).


The adsorption of copper ions by chitosan, Dowex A-1, and Zerolit 225 has been investigated. The uptake of copper was determined from changes in concentration as measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. A preliminary investigation on the adsorption was conducted by batch-wise examining the effects on pH and the initial copper ion concentration. It was found that chitosan has an excellent loading capacity of copper, compared with Dowex A-1 and Zerolit 225. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67:1067–1070, 1998


The oxidation of Cu-Ni alloys was investigated in NO at 580-780C. The oxide films were examined by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and ion micro-analysis. An accelerated oxidation was observed on a Ni-rich alloy and the oxide film was mostly composed of NiO. In the oxidation of a Cu-rich alloy, the oxidation rate obeyed a parabolic law. The oxide film was composed of NiO and Cu2O, though the former was preferentially formed.


The development of socialist democracy is the major objective to build an all-round well-off society.The smooth advancement of the construction for socialist democracy is the same process of the successful building of an all-round well-off society.To realize the new objective for the construction of socialist democracy in a well-off society,we must put forward the construction of democracy and political restructuring positively and reliably,go our own political path unswervingly,and stick to the self-perfection and development of the socialist political system.


The ventricular arrhythmias induced in rats by standardized doses of calcium chloride are largely prevented by sympatholytic and autonomic blocking drugs, by encephalic and/or upper spinal destruction and by medullospinal section. They are not prevented by bilateral vagotomy, bilateral adrenalectomy, or by lower spinal destruction.


Objectives and Background: Recanalization of a chronic total occlusion (CTO) is technically challenging with less than optimum results in arterial disease. Crosser® is a novel technology that utilizes high frequency (20 KHz) vibration energy to fragment occlusive fibrous atherosclerotic plaque and helps in traversing the occluded vessel. We report a single center experience with this catheter as the primary device in peripheral chronic total occlusions. Methods: The catheter was used as the primary device in 25 consecutive patients with peripheral CTOs. The peripheral CTOs in this study are defined as 100% occluded vessels involving any segment of the iliac artery or below the inguinal ligament down to the trifurcation vessels which have been occluded for greater than 3 months judged by patient's history of longstanding symptoms with no worsening in the past 3 months. Procedural success was defined by the ability of the device to facilitate guide wire crossing of the occlusion. All angiograms were evaluated by two operators. Data on demographics, angiographic variables, and patient complications was collected. Results: The device was used in 25 consecutive patients and 27 CTO lesions were treated. Critical limb ischemia and claudication were the indications in 32 and 68% of the patients, respectively. Average lesion length was 117 mm (range 10–300 mm). Superficial femoral artery was the most common lesion site (n = 20, 74%). Crosser‐assisted guide wire recanalization was achieved in 11(41%) lesions while the final overall procedure success rate with any device was 63% (n = 17). Perforation occurred in five lesions with one directly attributable to this device. Conclusions: In this single center observational review, the Crosser device in peripheral CTO lesions had a procedural success of 41%. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Aiming at the problem that code fragments can't be captured accurately and quickly due to ignoring semantic information and structural information of source code in code search task, A semantic code search method based on program conversion is proposed (Semantic Code Search based on Program Conversion, SCSPC). The SCSPC diversified the data of the acquired code fragments through data enhancement, changed the program through variable renaming, exchanging two independent statements, circular exchange, inserting exception capture and if equivalent replacing switch statement, and trained the CodeBERT model with mixed objective functions (masking language modeling and replacing token detection) to generate sentence vectors with rich semantics for the code fragments and natural languages, and compared the similarity of the vectors to complete the code search. Experimental results show that compared with SWIM, QECK and CODEnn models, the average reciprocal ranking and hit rate (S@10) of SCSPC method are increased by 2% and 0.041 respectively.


We study tail bounds and small ball probabilities for sums of random variables obtained from a Markov chain. In particular, we consider the following sum Sn = f1(Y1) + · · ·+ fn(Yn) where {Yi}i=1 is a Markov chain with state space [N ], transition matrix A, and stationary distribution μ such that Y1 is distributed as μ, and fi : [N ]→ R. We also consider settings in which fi(Yi) is vector-valued. In all results, the bounds are in terms of the spectral gap of the Markov chain. In almost all of the results in this thesis, when the transitions are independent and the spectral gap is 1, the bounds match the corresponding bounds for independent random variables up to constant factors. • We first obtain tail bounds in the case that only the pth moment of the random variable fi(Yi) is bounded. This is a Markov chain version of a corollary of the Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund inequality. Using this, we also obtain tail bounds for Sn when the fi(Yi) are elements of an `q space. • Next, we obtain tail bounds in the case that the fi(Yi) are bounded in the range [−ai, ai] for each i. This is a Markov chain version of the Hoeffding inequality. This improves upon previously known bounds in that the dependence is on √ a1 + · · ·+ an rather than maxi{ai} √ n. Using this, we obtain tail bounds for certain types of random variables in which the fi(Yi) are elements of any Banach space.


In ray theory an arrival can be characterised by a time and amplitude. Both depend upon an integral of a medium property along the raypath and are therefore in principle appropriate for tomographic inversion. However, whereas traveltime tomography for velocity has been successful in a wide variety of applications, there have been far fewer successful case histories of amplitude tomography for attenuation coefficients.


Despite its key role in population dynamics and evolutionary ecology, little is known about factors shaping survival in long-lived territorial species. Here, we assessed several hypotheses that might explain variability in survival in a migratory Spanish population of a long-lived territorial species, the Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus, using a 16-year monitoring period and live-encounter histories of 835 individually marked birds. Cormack-Jolly-Seber capture-recapture models showed no evidence for effects of sex or nestling body condition on survival. However, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; an indicator of primary productivity) of natal territories had positive effects on juvenile survival, indicating that environmental conditions experienced early in life can determine survival prospects. Survival increased with age (0.73 ± 0.02 in the first 2 years to 0.78 ± 0.03 in years 3 and 4) to later decrease when birds were five years old (0.60 ± 0.05), the age at which they acquire the adult plumage, abandon the communal lifestyle of juveniles, and may look for a breeding territory. At older ages, survival was higher for non-breeding (0.75 ± 0.02) and breeding adults (0.83 ± 0.02). Among the latter, birds that recruited into better territories had higher survival prospects. Age-specific variation in survival in this species may be related to behavioural changes linked to dispersal and recruitment into the breeding population, while survival prospects of adult birds strongly depend on breeding territory selection. These results suggest a tradeoff between recruiting soon, and thus reducing mortality costs of a long and extensive dispersal period, and trying to recruit into a good quality territory. Finally, annual survival rates for birds of all age classes were positively related with the NDVI in their African wintering grounds. Although this relationship was probably mediated by food availability, further research is needed to properly identify the limiting factors that are affecting trans-Saharan migrants, especially in light of global climate change.


Abstract 4702

INTRODUCTION The allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative option for certain hematological malignancies. The use of reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) has diminished the transplant-related mortality, making it possible to consider this therapeutic option in elderly patients with associated morbidity. The graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a late-onset complication in this type of transplant which still remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality.

Hematopoietic chimerism (HQ) levels related to relapse or GVHD in RIC allogeneic transplantation (allo-RIC) have not been established. We have studied the relationship between HQ and the incidence of GVHD and relapse, using real time-PCR for chimerism quantification.

PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated 16 patients with hematological malignancies (11 AML, 3 ALL, 1 CLL, 1 plasma cell leukemia) undergoing allo-RIC in the last three years. The median follow up of this series was 310 days (range 86–958 days), with a median age of 53 years (range 26–64). A sibling donor was found in 11 cases (69%) and fourteen donors (88%) were HLA identical. Bone marrow was the source of progenitors in 12 cases, peripheral blood in 3 and umbilical cord in one.

The conditioning regimen was: fludarabine + busulphan (44%), fludarabine + busulphan + timoglobulin (23%), fludarabine + melphalan (13%) and others (21%).

GVHD prophylaxis was performed with cyclosporine A (CsA) + methotrexate (44%), CsA + mycophenolate (31%) and tacrolimus + syrolimus (19%).

The HQ was studied in peripheral blood DNA at the time of granulocyte engraftment, and later 30, 45 and 60 days after stem cells infusion. Chimerism was expressed as a percentage of residual host cells. Quantitative real-time PCR amplification of null alleles or insertion/deletion polymorphisms was used for HQ analysis (Jimenez et al, 2005; Leukemia 2005; 19:336-43). Chimerism was expressed as a percentage of residual host cells.

Chi-square test was employed to evaluate qLas variables cualitativas se analizaron mediante chi-cuadrado y se usaron test no parametricos para las cuantitativas. ualitative variables and non-parametric tests for quantitative variables. El analisis multivariante fue realizado mediante regresion de Cox. The Kaplan-Meier model with log-rank test comparisons were applied for survival analysis.

RESULTS The median time of engraftment was 16 days (12-27) for granulocytes and 18 days (10-69) for platelets.

Ten patients (63%) developed acute GVHD (aGVHD), eight of them Grade II-IV. The incidence of late-onset aGVHD was 38%, with a mean time to appearance of 117 days (90-190). Six patients (38%) developed chronic GVHD (cGVHD), and in four cases a previous late-onset aGVHD had been recorded.

In our series, disease relapse was observed in 6 patients (37.5%), whereas 7 patients died (3 infections, 2 progressive disease, 1 aGVHD and one bleeding).

No relapse was found in the group of patient who developed cGVHD compared with 60% relapses in those without cGVHD (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.026). However, overall survival did not differ significantly in both groups.

Median HQ at the time of granulocyte engraftment was 2,65% (0.07 to 55), on day +30 was 1.4% (0.01-12), on day +45 was 1.0% (0.01-9) and on day +60 1.7% (0.01-15). HQ showed significantly lower levels in those patients who did not relapsed either on day +30 (0.4% vs 4.0%, p= 0.016), on day +45 (0.35% vs 5.5%, p= 0.04), and on day +60 (0.4% vs 4.5%, p= 0.04). With respect to cGVHD, we observed a trend to lower HQ levels in those patients who developed cGVHD compared with those who did not develop it on day +30 (0.25% vs 1.9%, p= 0.056) and +45 (0.26% vs 1.7%, p= 0.066), but these results were at the limit of statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONS Our data show that HQ levels may help us to identify a group of patients whith higher risk of relapse also in allo-RIC. The monitoring of HQ may also be useful to predict patients who will develop cGVHD after SCT.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of logistics management on performance of oil marketing companies in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was restricted in scope to cover only downstream oil marketing companies in the Kenyan oil industry especially those that had operations in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was done in major oil firms that presented a true representation of the Kenyan oil industry in all aspects. The target sample population of the study was 164 employees drawn from different oil marketing companies in Nairobi County. According to the regression analysis there existed a relationship between independent variables and dependent variable with a correlation coefficient of 0.799. It showed that the independent variables in the study were able to explain 63.80% variation in the performance of the oil marketing companies while the remaining 36.20% was explained by the variables or other aspects outside the model. There is need for the firms to have a good coordination on the transport mechanisms as this would bring the benefits to a maximum. The study recommended that the organizations need to adopt he usage of auto-ID technologies can improve accuracy. The of ID technologies is encouraged since it will help in product marking to realize accuracy and efficiency to effectively enhance their operations. The organizations need to invest in the information management because  the  flow  or  movement  of  materials  or  money  is  usually  triggered  by associated information  movement. This may offer the good design of supply chain and improve in supply chain performance of the firms. Key Words: Supplier Management, Transport Management, Warehouse Management, Information Management, Marketing companies CITATION: Mangala, F. O., & Moronge, M. (2019). Influence of logistics management practices on performance of oil marketing companies in Nairobi County, Kenya. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 6 (1), 440 – 457.


The case of serious damage of multiple units of three-phase capacitors occurred during normal operation of shunt capacitor installation at a newly established 220 kV substation.It is thought,throughout analysis of possible faults capacitors from the aspects of quality,operating over voltage,rise of system voltage,switching inrush current,harmonics and fault of capacitor protection device,that the cause of the fault is due to the 4th harmonic resonance generated between the device and the system and is verified by the harmonic test,and the fault development is mainly caused by the big imbalance current protection settings at the neutral point.Finally,corresponding suggestions are raised with hope of providing a definite reference for the safe operation of capacitors.


SUMMARY Thispaper outlinesthe designconceptsand principlesof operationof a microprocessor LSI circuitwhichcombinesthe advantages of electroniccontrolwith flexibility allowinga solidstateelectroniccontrol systemto directlycompetewith the present electromechanical controlsystemsfor applianceapplications.For thisparticular studythepaper limitsitselfto discussions aroundthebulkdomesticappliancemarket i.e.thatpart made up of clotheswashers and dishwashersonly,althoughthe same principlesare applicableto a wide range of applianceandotherapplications.


Micromechanical Variable Engagement Model is developed in this paper to describe the behaviour of randomly orientated discontinuous fibre reinforced composites subject to uniaxial tension.The model is developed by integrating the behaviour of single,randomly oriented fibres over 3D space,and it is capable of describing the response of fibre-cement-based composites in tension.The functional relationship of pullout load,crack opening displacement,and inclined angle are demonstrated.The σ-ω curves of fibre reinforced concrete show good agreement with the experimental results.The analytical results show that the model can preliminarily simulate the elastic pullout behaviour of inclined steel crack-bridging fibre.But the elastic-plastic model still requires more profound research.


A new methodology is proposed for postproject analysis of airport railways for guidance in planning airport ground access. The concept is to determine the type of rail passenger (air passenger or employee, business or leisure, and resident or nonresident) by comparison of hourly rail ridership, air passenger volumes, air traffic movements, and geographic location of trip ends. A test is proposed for each possible ridership group to determine who is using the railway. A case study of London City Airport is used to illustrate the value of the method with Oyster smartcard ridership data from Transport for London. Findings confirm that the impressive 51% Docklands Light Railway mode share for air passengers from small sample surveys is realistic: the railway connection is predominantly used by air passengers and not employees. The airport characteristics—predominantly business travelers, relatively central location, and local employees—simplify the analysis. Geographical information system analysis revealed one major surprise: the busiest station by trip ends is Woolwich Arsenal in southeast London. However, the general findings are as expected: trip ends concentrate in the financial and business districts. The policy recommendation for future airport railway projects is to apply this methodology to a range of comparable airports. This will aid transport planners in designing a rail service optimized for the groups most likely to use the railway.


Taxonomic aspects of the genus Medicago L. in Iran were studied. Among the 2500 herbarium sheets and dried fruit samples of 150 populations, 22 species and subspecies were identified. New subsection Astrocalyx I. Mehregan (from the section Spirocarpos Seringe in DC.) and new combination, M. rigidula subsp. sinskiae (Uljanova) I. Mehregan & M. R. Rahiminejad are introduced. Also, two species and one subspecies are mentioned as new records from Iran.


FIELD: packaging industry. SUBSTANCE: transport mechanism for moving the printed products comprises a conveyor chain consisting of functional sections consecutively arranged along the transport distance. The functional sections form rigid and/or articulation joint with each other. Each functional section is composed of a first chain link (100) and a second chain link (200), which differ in principle of operation and are in active connection with one another. The functional sections in sequence to form the conveyor chain are variously assembled congruently or quasi-congruently or the like, or according to their functionality. The functional sections have the means or connecting elements for releasable or conditionally releasable connection due to force closure, and/or permanent connection. And the first chain link has an engagement part (110) freely accessible beyond the guiding devices (202, 204, 206, 208) and intended for attachment of the conveyor chain to the driving device. The second functional chain link has a guiding device, designed to guide the conveyor chain along the device (600) with the guide rail. EFFECT: improved reliability of the transport mechanism. 20 cl, 11 dwg


The requestments and objectives of college English teaching for majors of Arts ; PE; Music are different from others.The students of the three majors have their special characters besides emotion,psychology,tendency of behaviour that college students usually have.So the English teaching to them should be adjusted accordingly.


Amino acid hydrolysates were obtained from dried clamworm of Perinereis aibuhitensis by acid hydrolysis method. Maillard reaction products(MRPs) were prepared with the amino acid hydrolysates and glucose and sucrose respectively. Volatile constituents from the two kinds of MRPs were separated and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC/MS). The results indicate that 120 components were identified from MRPs of Perinereis aibuhitensis, Some of which are flavor compounds such as ketones, aldehydes, esters, and organic acids etc., taking up approximately 8 percent of the MRPs.


In this paper it is evaluated the effects of the assignment of a credit on the sustainability of the ancestral agricultural system of the Hiwi indian ethnic (Venezuela). The evaluation was conducted using the methodology MESMIS. During the period of time in which this work was done, a major agricultural credit was assigned by the State to the community. This paper assesses the impact of the allocation of the credit on the sustainability of production system. Contrary to expectations, the results demonstrate that the credit had a negative effect on the community.


Discrete mechanics postulates the conservation of acceleration; it establishes a law of conservation where the proper acceleration of the material medium or of the particle is equal to the sum of the accelerations which are applied to it. The abandonment of the mass of Newton's second law is not in contradiction with the principle of equivalence of Galileo; it leads to acceleration being considered as an absolute quantity, independent of the local reference frame chosen. The immediate consequence is that the fundamental quantities necessary for the description of any mechanical problem are limited to two and only two, a length and a time. These two intrinsic quantities are independent of all the others which result from it. The theory of relativity, like classical mechanics, gives mass a primordial role by setting as a principle the conservation of momentum; in special relativity, mass is a function of velocity through a Lorentz transformation. The discrete mechanics formulated without mass within the equation of motion is directly confronted with the indisputable results of the theory of relativity verified by experience. The solutions of two cases of relativity are found: the movement of a uniformly accelerated isolated particle and the deflection of light by the sun. An application to the interference produced by two sources of coherent light in direct simulation makes it possible to show the robustness of the discrete equation at very small time scales.


The pervasive von Neumann architecture uses complex processor cores and sequential computation. In contrast, the brain is massively parallel and highly efficient, owing to the ability of the neurons and synapses to store and process information simultaneously and to adapt according to incoming information. These features have motivated researchers to develop a host of brain-inspired computers, devices, and models, collectively referred to as neuromorphic computing systems. The quest for synaptic materials capable of closely mimicking biological synapses has led to an alamethicin-doped, synthetic biomembrane with volatile memristive properties which can emulate key synaptic functions to facilitate learning and computation. In contrast to its solid-state counterparts, this two-terminal, biomolecular memristor features similar structure, switching mechanisms, and ionic transport modality as biological synapses while consuming considerably lower power. To use the device as a circuit element, it is important to understand its response to different kinds of input signals. Here we develop a simplified closed form analytical solution based on the underlying state equations for pulse and sine wave inputs. A Verilog-A model based on Runge-Kutta method was developed to incorporate the device in a circuit simulator. Finally, the paper demonstrates possible applications for short- and long-term learning using its unique volatile memristive properties.


Based upon shear strain gradient plastic theo ry of rock deformation localization,it is assumed that the failure pattern of ro ck in the shear bands is shear failure.A model of plastic shear strain gradient is obtained.Under the con dition of uniaxial compression of rock specimen,the inclination of shear band,p arameter k_1 and k_2 have an influence on the relationship of stress a nd strain in t he strain softening stage.The influence has been modeled.The results show that t he proposed model can be used in a wide range and the theoretical re sults are in a good agreement with many experimental results.Localization is th e reason for size effect.


Analytical expressions for the stability condition and numerical dispersion of the FDTD method have been obtained. We focused on the solution of Mathieu equation for the case of TE oblique incidence on a dielectric slab whose effective permittivity has been sinusoidally modulated along the direction of propagation. This could be the first analytical discussion of stability and numerical dispersion for FDTD scheme in a sinusoidally stratified medium.


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Objective To investigate the effects of polysaccharide from prinsepia utilis royle on the myocardial pathology in diabetic mice induced by alloxan.Methods Alloxan was administered intraperitoneally to establish diabetic model in mice.After the model developed,experimental animals were divided into the model group,the group of treatment with polysaccharide prinsepia utilis royle(300 mg/kg)and the control group.Two weeks and four weeks later,level of blood glucosemices after fasting12 hours was detected after being sacrified,their hearts were taken out,then fixed into the 4% paraformaldehyde solution and slices were made.The sections were strained with hematoxylin and eosin and the pathological changes were observed under optical microscopy.Results Compared to the model group,the blood glucose of polysaccharide from prinsepia utilis royle was significantly decreased(P0.05).Longitudinal and transverse striation of cardiac muscle fibers in the model group were unclear,granular and fatty degeneration appeared in myocardial cells.Some cardiac muscle fibers mixed together each other.Eosinophilous cardiac muscle fibers was distributed multifocally and there were myocardial cell degeneration and necrosis,longitudinal and transverse striation disappeared,there were fibroblast hyperplastic areas in interstitium and then myocardial fibrosis formed cicatricle.After treatment with polysaccharide from prinsepia utilis royle,longitudinal and transverse striation of cardiac muscle fibers were clear,lined up in order,eosinophilous heart muscle fiber decreased and little fibrocyte proliferation occurred.Conclusion Polysaccharide from prinsepia utilis royle has protective effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice.


Granular materials may display both solid and fluid like behaviour. For low densities and high strain rates as in avalanches or during the discharge of silos the behaviour is mainly governed by interparticle collisions. On the other hand, frictional contacts characterise the solid state which is represented within the framework of plasticity theory. A fluid like constitutive model describes granular materials when subjected to large deformations and high strain rates. It bases upon a modified viscoplastic model that is valid for both yielded and unyielded regions. The central idea is the distinction between fluid and solid regions by means of comparing actual shear stress and Coulomb yield stress. The application to the simultion of the discharge of silos shows the feasibility of the chosen method. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


It is unclear why the legislative assembly of Azad Jammu Kashmir chose this time for taking a position in favour of blasphemy laws similar to those of Pakistan.


Background: Pain in the lower back region is a common concern, affecting up to 90% of population at some point in their lifetime, up to 50% have more than one episode. Prolonged sitting position is the foremost cause of piriformis tightness in sedentary population that may eventually leads to piriformis syndrome and low back pain. Therefore, the present study was designed to identify the prevalence of piriformis tightness in sedentary individuals. Methods: 200 subjects enrolled in this study were evaluated and screened on the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Tightness of piriformis muscle was assessed using piriformis stretch test and seated piriformis stretch clinical test. Results: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Piriformis tightness was found to be present in 159 subjects (79.5%). Prevalence of piriformis tightness was highest in third decade. However the prevalence of piriformis tightness in males and females was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: In sedentary population the prevalence of piriformis tightness is very high and adult population has more chances to get affected with piriformis muscle tightness that can lead to development of piriformis syndrome and later on low back pain. sedentary individuals, piriformis stretch test.


The course arrangement,teaching contents and means and other items were investigated and analyzed in this research of teaching evaluation of professional teachers in military medical university.The results showed that the levels of post-oriented education teaching were increasing in updating ideas and accumulating experiences in recent years.However,there still existed a few problems such as too much basal theories,lack of real army circs in the contents and little practice in the manners.Therefore,the quality of post-oriented education in military medical university is expected to be developed to a higher level.


The MeTag mobile app and the web-interface MeTag analyzer by Hohman et al. (2022) provide an infrastructure for communication scholars conducting mobile media diaries and are filling a blind spot for (qualitative) diary research in communication science. The software meets high standards of transparency, open science, and accessibility. The user-friendly interface that does not require any coding skills from researchers as well as the detailed documentation (manual and tutorials) make it easy for researchers to conduct mobile media diary studies. While (media) diary studies are an essential part of many social sciences, including communication research, there is to date no standard software solution to conduct (qualitative) media diary studies. There are, of course, handwritten solutions, but the downside of this is well known. Besides accessibility, mobile diary studies carry further advantages even for a less literate sample: The smartphone is portable, and participants have it with them anyway. Some of the media usage reported is happening on the same device as the diary entries. It comes with the opportunity to do audio-based entries for those who are not able or willing to type (long) entries by hand into their mobile device. I will now list some of the characteristics that make the infrastructure a standard tool for media diary studies and fulfill all quality criteria for research software in the social sciences. Please let me elaborate on the mobile app first; that is, the interface where participants conduct their media diary entries.


Several apparent anomalies were found between experimental and theoretical compositions of thin films when deposited from Ni–Cr–Cu–Al alloys. Films were obtained by condensation during successive intervals of evaporation and analyses were performed by emission-spectrographic techniques. Theoretical compositions were calculated by successive approximations using Langmuir's equation and Raoult's law. Theoretically, the initial major components should be Al and Cr with the concentration of Cu remaining fairly constant throughout the evaporation. Experimentally, there was more Ni and Cu and less Cr in the initial films than theory predicted. The rate of evaporation of Al was strongly dependent upon the source temperature and initial compositions. These anomalies are explained by the formation of intermetallic compounds in the source. A model for the evaporation mechanism is proposed.


PLS which is commonly used in most Chemometrics software always calculates in a single-threaded way, which brings low modeling speed and inconvenience to apply.With the popularization of the multi-core processor, multithread parallel computing technology could significantly boost the execution speed.In this paper, the multithreaded parallel computing technology was introduced into the development of Chemometrics software.A kind of parallelizing calculation of PLS was proposed and actualized.The contrast experiment with two datasets demonstrated that multithread parallel computation on a quad-core computer achieved a speed of 3.1 times faster than that of a single-thread computation.


AbstractRecently interest has focused on the role of both dentists and dental hygienists in promoting tobacco-use cessation, as it has been suggested that even brief advice from health-care professionals can be of value in helping patients stop smoking. However, lack of training has been identified as an obstacle to engaging in this activity. This survey analyses training in the provision of smoking cessation advice in United Kingdom Dental Schools and Schools of Dental Hygiene. Data were collected via a postal questionnaire distributed to Deans of Dental Education and Directors of Dental Hygiene Programmes. The results indicated that whilst positive attitudes towards advising patients to stopping smoking were displayed by the majority of institutions, tobacco-use cessation education at pre-qualification level is limited.


Lieux de mémoire arise out of a sense that there is no such thing as spontaneous memory, hence that we must create archives, mark anniversaries, organize celebrations, pronounce eulogies, and authenticate documents because such things no longer happen as a matter of course ... Without commemorative vigilance, history would soon sweep them away. These bastions buttress our identities, but if what they defended were not threatened, there would be no need for them.1 (P. Nora)


The forward and reverse bias current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of Au/V-doped polyvinyl chloride+Tetracyanoquino dimethane/porous silicon (PVC+TCNQ/p-Si) structures have been investigated in the temperature range of 160–340 K. The zero bias or apparent barrier height (BH) (Φap = ΦBo) and ideality factor (nap = n) were found strongly temperature dependent and the value of nap decreases, while the Φap increases with the increasing temperature. Also, the Φap versus T plot shows almost a straight line which has positive temperature coefficient and it is not in agreement with the negative temperature coefficient of ideal diode or forbidden bandgap of Si (αSi = -4.73×10-4eV/K). The high value of n cannot be explained only with respect to interfacial insulator layer and interface traps. In order to explain such behavior of Φap and nap with temperature, Φap Versus q/2kT plot was drawn and the mean value of (ΦBo) and standard deviation (σs) values found from the slope and intercept of this plot as 1.176 eV and 0.152 V, respectively. Thus, the modified (ln(Io/T2)-(qσs)2/2(kT)2 versus (q/kT) plot gives the ΦBo and effective Richardson constant A* as 1.115 eV and 31.94 A⋅(cm⋅K)-2, respectively. This value of A*( = 31.94 A⋅(cm⋅K)-2) is very close to the theoretical value of 32 A⋅(cm⋅K)-2 for p-Si. Therefore, the forward bias I–V–T characteristics confirmed that the current-transport mechanism (CTM) in Au/V-doped PVC+TCNQ/p-Si structures can be successfully explained in terms of the thermionic emission (TE) mechanism with a Gaussian distribution (GD) of BHs at around mean BH.


A parallel design concept of Delta-Sigma modulators that optimizes the resolution and the bandwidth for a highly dynamic position control in industrial applications. The idea is realized on a printed circuit board and tested by using a comprehensive measurement setup. The effective number of bits is increased by 2.5 bits at a fixed frequency. For a constant resolution, the design approach allows smaller filter lengths and a decrease of the delay by 25%.


Background. We have shown that connexin-43 (Cx43) in preconditioned Sca-1+ cells (PCSca-1+) is cytoprotective and improves their cardiomyogenic differentiation. We investigate the mechanistic parti...


An expert panel formed by Stop Ecocide International has proposed an amendment to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court which, if adopted, would create a new international crime of ecocide. However, the panel's proposal is compromised throughout by anthropocentrism in the sense that it places too much emphasis on the needs of humans and not enough on the needs of the environment. It is argued here that this anthropocentric dilution of ecocide resulted from the panel's lack of standing, influence and confidence on the international stage. Its weakness pushed it towards a strategy of producing something palatable to states in the hope of securing their support. That strategy will prove futile. The article considers whether other actors, such as the international courts or experts working in different contexts, might be better placed to design the blueprint for ecocide. It concludes, tentatively, that the International Law Commission remains the architect best positioned to set out a bold vision of ecocide.


The paper deals with an eddy current field problem as a case study. The aim is to find the solution of the problem by the help of the Finite Element Method (FEM), and the T, Φ, Φ potential formulation taking the nonlinearity of the material into account. The effect of nonlinearity has been approximated with an inverse tangent type analytical model. The nonlinearity has been handled by the polarization method coupled with the Fixed-point iteration technique.


Objective To detect the toxicity and synergism of several common insecticide mixtures,and propoxur mixed with synergists,to propoxur-resistant Culex pipiens pallens for the purpose of delaying and overcoming the occurrence and development of resistance to insecticides.Methods WHO standard bioassay method was employed to calc ulate LC 50 and synergistic coefficients.Results The synerg istic coefficients of propoxur+acetophenate,DDVP+acetophenate,and cpermethrin+propoxur were 153.20~169.30,132.50~164.00,124.71~131.69 respectively,and those of propoxur+S1,propoxur+S2 and propoxur+Amine synergist were 3.50~4.55,5.07~19.28,1.14~1.95 respectively.Conclusion The insecticide mixtures of pyrethroids or organochloride with organophosphate or carbamate may have better efficacy against propoxu r resistant mosquitoes,and the mixed insecticide with synergist may also provide better efficacy.


The efficient biohybrid photocatalysts were prepared with different weight ratios of Fe2O3 and treated rape pollen (TRP). The synthesized samples were characterized by different analytical techniques. The results showed that carbonized rape pollen had a three-dimensional skeleton and granular Fe2O3 uniformly covered the surface of TRP. The Fe2O3/TRP samples were used for degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) and Escherichia Coli (E. coli) disinfection in water under visible light. The degradation of MB and inactivation of E. coli was achieved to 93.7% in 300 min and 99.14% in 100 min, respectively. We also explored the mechanism during the reaction process, where reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals play a major role throughout the reaction process. This work provides new ideas for the preparation of high-performance photocatalysts by combining semiconductors with earth-abundant biomaterials.


This paper describes the techniques used for our system participating in the Document Understanding Conference 2006. We describe a new system, built from scratch, that focuses primarily on collecting models of possible answers for each question from the Internet, and applying those models to select the answer sentences from the documents in the collection. The system performed averagely in the manual evaluation done by NIST.


Much of the literature appearing within the past decade on the reform and centralization of urban school governance throughout America from 1890 to 1920 has dwelled upon the influence of bureaucracy and social class to the neglect of very significant ethnic and religious factors. Only token recognition, if any, is granted to ethnicity and religion by Michael Katz and others who depict the centralization movement nearly exclusively as a class effort displaying an anti-working class bias and born out of an elitist thrust for power. From this perspective, the contests for school reform as outlined for New York, Boston and elsewhere appear one-dimensional in nature and over simplified.


D oundaries between physicians and their patients, in friendships and relationships, have always been important but have recently become a source of great concern for physicians, communities and licensing bodies, particularly in regard to patient-physician sexual involvement. The article "Managing erotic feelings in the physician-patient relationship" (Can Med Assoc J 1995; 153: 12411245), by Drs. Gail A. Golden and Michael Brennan, provides a practical discussion of situations in which patients express sexual feelings or physicians experience such feelings and suggests setting boundaries on professional and personal relationships before erotic feelings arise. Their suggested limits would reduce the possibility of inappropriate sexual relationships with patients. We agree with the need to avoid inappropriate sexual contact with patients and the suggested limits proposed, with the exception of the recommendation to "avoid socializing with patients." The authors comment that these rules may not be appropriate for every situation. In cities and towns it may be possible for physicians to keep patients separate from personal friends. However, in rural areas, such a separation of relationships is practically impossible, unless physicians have very few personal friends or very few patients. Over time, rural physicians provide medical care for many families within their community, through their own practice or while covering for colleagues. They will thus have many patients who become personal friends and vice versa. The richness of these relationships is part of the joy and satisfaction of rural family practice.' When a patient and a physician are close friends, both their personal and professional relationships can suffer. Setting explicit boundaries together can help physicians and their patients and friends avoid potential conflict and maintain these valuable relationships. This is particularly important when the physician practises in a small community where such concurrent relationships are unavoidable. There are three important questions that physicians should ask themselves when they agree to care for a personal friend or when a patient becomes a personal friend: Am I too close to my friend to probe his or her intimate history and body and to cope with bearing bad news if need be? Can I be objective enough to avoid giving too much, too little or inappropriate care? Will my friend comply with my medical care as well as he or she would with the care of a physician who is not a friend? If these questions are kept in mind, physicians can more clearly explore the relationship and boundary issues that result from a professional and personal relationship.2


The design of a quality web site, as part of e-business strategy, has become a key element for success in the virtual market. This article analyses the main factors which must be taken into account when designing a commercial web site, concentrating on the Aceros de Hispania company. We have calculated the Web Assessment Index (WAI), proposed by Miranda and Bañegil (2004), by studying the features which determine web site quality: accessibility, navigability, content and speed. The results obtained provide several lessons which should be borne in mind when designing a commercial e-strategy.


Background: Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain and can is a challenge to treat in the everyday practice of an orthopedician [1 ]. There are various modalities for the treatment of plantar fasciitis that include rest, orthotics, night splints, extracorpo real shockwave therapy and casting [ 2 ]. If all conservative methods fail; a corticosteroid injection over the medial tu berosity of the calcaneum is an effective treatment modal -ity. In recent years the use of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) a component of blood that is bioactive with a platelet con centration 2-5X the baseline platelet count of the patient [ 3 ]. PRP is said to act as rally point by attracting inflammatory mediators and cytokines allowing the deposition of colla -gen, collagen maturation and remodeling


Wild black and red spruce seedlings were lifted at the Acadia Forest Experiment Station and planted at Green River, New Brunswick in 1950. By 1960 survival averaged 38 per cent for the two species and they had reached an average height of six feet.


Background: The Kyoto Protocol allows carbon in forests to contribute to emission-reduction targets. This has been extended to include carbon in harvested wood products (HWP). A projected baseline approach is proposed to identify business as usual and incentivize activities that reduce emissions or increase removals relative to reference level. In this article, we describe methods to calculate the projected reference level. Results: Wood product categories were derived using a top-down approach based on timber harvest data and sawmill statistics. The average of the overall projected forest management reference level for 2013–2020 was -206.81 Gg CO2-e including HWP and -72.72 Gg CO2-e excluding carbon stock change in HWP. Conclusion: These results highlight the potential of HWP to contribute to GHG mitigation strategies.


Chitina ericopsis Carter, 1873, is a large, rarely-reported, arborescent hydroid with a thick internal chitinous skeleton. Its affinities have been unclear since its first description more than one hundred years ago. Study of new material which includes hydranths confirms that it should be referred to the family Solanderiidae which comprises just one other genus, Solanderia. The distinctions between the two included genera are summarized. The species is redescribed, details of hydranth morphology and cindocysts being given for the first time. Type material is identified and redescribed.


The cation‐independent mannose 6‐phosphate receptor (215,000 daltons) was isolated from embryonic bovine tracheal cells and embryonic human skin fibroblasts labelled with [3H]palmitic acid, the tritium label was detected in the protein upon fluorographic analysis of SDS‐polyacrylamide gels of the purified receptor. The label was not sensitive to hydroxylamine, methanolic KOH, or β‐mercaptoethanol, but labelled fatty acid was recovered from the protein by acidic methanolysis. Labelled receptor protein could not be isolated from cells grown in the presence of [3H]myristic acid. The results suggest the presence of amide‐linked palmitic acid in the structure of the cation‐independent mannose 6‐phosphate receptor.


The heterogeneous computing revolution continues unabated. Yet despite the vast number of naïve users in possession of bespoke software hoping to embrace the opportunities that this revolution has wrought, few approaches proposed in current literature can guide such users in these efforts. The most appropriate choice would appear to be a (semi-)automating compiler. However, these typically target a single device-type and demand the unguided use of directives. Consequently, they are of little use when naïve users are seeking answers to more fundamental questions, such as: which fragments of a program can/should be parallelized, which device should each fragment target, and what speedup will be attained. To this end, this paper expands on previous work and proposes Paralysis - an extensible guidance environment, tiered for varying programmer competencies with support for static and dynamic analysis techniques. At the highest level, guided user experiences are paramount. At the lowest level, underlying functionality is exposed as a set of plug-ins, ensuring longevity. A partial prototype, built atop the Cetus infrastructure, is described. It is used to analyze two serial programs for CUDA execution - the DFT and the Box Blur Filter. Speedups of 15x and 22x are achieved on the basis of the analysis.


Proceeding and mediation system,a system with strongest Chinese characteristics in civil proceedings,played an important part.Some disadvantages of proceeding and mediation system appeared with the development of market economy,which restricted it function in civil proceedings.Predicaments and disadvantages of proceeding and mediation system are analyzed;revaluation and perfection of proceeding and mediation system are discussed,hoping to recover the once judicial prestige of people's court and to gain confidence of the masses in law and legal system


The term diabetes mellitus includes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia with secondary damage to multiple organ systems. The way to improve this crucial situation is to find better drugs for an early treatment of the disease. The clinical trials, is so far, the best procedure to offer more efficient treatments to the increasing diabetic populations. This paper is an update revision about one of the most important diseases worldwide. We analyzed some historical and pathological aspects of the disease, mainly clinic, and diagnostic, and treatment aspects useful in the clinical practice. We also report information about several clinical trials in which our research group has been participating since about two decades; eight of them are listed in this work.


Myocardial fat infiltrations are associated with a range of cardiomyopathies. The purpose of this study was to perform cardio‐respiratory motion‐correction for model‐based water‐fat separation to image fatty infiltrations of the heart in a free‐breathing, non‐cardiac‐triggered high‐resolution 3D MRI acquisition.


In this work, a frequency domain method is tested experimentally to identify non-linear joint properties from the measured frequency response functions (FRF) at the nonlinear joint connected points of a structure. Two sample structures having Coulomb friction arc used to test the suggested method. This method extends the force-state mapping technique, which fits the joint forces with time domain joint response data, into frequency domain manipulations. The force-state mapping method in the time domain has limitations when applying to complex real structures because it needs a time domain lumped parameter model. On the other hand, the frequency domain method is relatively easily applicable to a complex real structure having non-linear joints since it uses each substmcture's FRF. The validity of this method was tested experimentally with a suspension system and a beam structure having Coulomb friction as shown in Fig.1 and Fig.4. From the experiments, it was verified that the frequency domain method has some advantages over the classical force-state mapping technique in the number of data points needed in curve tit and the flexibility in selecting the better quality data points from the used FRFs. Furthermore this method is very useful to identify non-linear parameters of a structure having arbitrary non-linear boundaries.


In order to explore fermentation conditions of siderophore produced by Pseudomonas putida strain HZ-2,we had studied several fermentation factors affected secretion of siderophore with the methods of flask fermentation and CAS detection analysis in the paper.The results showed that the optimum culture conditions suitable for secretion of siderophore were initial pH 6.5,inoculation amount 2%,culture time 48 h,media amount 50/150(mL),Fe3+ concentration 0.1 mg·L-1,Al3+ concentration 2.7 mg·L-1.


Even if a mass should on microscopical examination prove to be inflammatory, it is wise to remove the chronically-inflamed portion of the breast, as this, if left, remains a constant menace of malignancy. When once a case comes under observation it should never be lost sight of until the inflammatory condition has entirely gone. It may be worth while trying x-rays before operation, only it must be borne in mind that if any thickened inflammatory material is left it is a source of danger.?Mr. F. C. Wallis. The Cure of Corns.


Owing to their ability to manipulate electromagnetic and optical radiation in sub-wavelength domains, plasmonic materials (such as silver and gold in the IR and optical frequencies) have attracted a great deal of interest in recent years (see e.g., [1]). One of the interesting structures is the plasmonic nanoparticles with a sub-wavelength size. When the dimension of the particles is much smaller than the operating wavelength, under the optical excitation they behave as induced dipoles which can exhibit large values at plasmonic resonance. Such a feature was suggested to be exploited for modifying the life time of a radiating dipole, mainly in the context of fluorescence (see e.g., [2]). However, to the best of our knowledge, less attention has been paid to the pattern synthesis and directivity control of a dipole when a collection of resonant plasmonic nanoparticles are placed in various locations in the vicinity of such a source. Recently, we began exploring such pattern syntheses and we presented our preliminary results in a recent symposium [3].


A typical approach, in keeping With the current events, might begin, "What can we do about the energy crisis? Let's consider some actions taken and what their effect will be." First, students would need to discuss what recommendations have been made and what steps have been tried. One is to reduce driving speed from seventy to fiftyfive miles per hour. Another is to close service stations on Sundays. Still another, to try to voluntarily limit gasoline consumption to ten gallons per week. All of these, and many others, can be developed into meaningful mathematical experiences at various levels. For example, some lessons might be developed on the savings resulting in reducing the speed limit from seventy to fifty-five miles per hour. Suppose the news media reported that twenty-two percent could be saved. What does this mean in gallons? What does it mean in dollars and cents to the consumer? Group discussion is essential.


Objective:To assess the efficient sonography with contrast medium enhancement in guiding and monitoring percutaneous acetic ablation of tumors in the animal model.Methods:VX2 carcinoma was implanted into the thighs of ten New Zealand white rabbits and examined by color,power,and pulse Doppler before and after injection of 50% acetic into the tumors after twelve to twenty-one days,injections of acetic were guided by ultrasound to sites of tumor vascularity,until all tumor vascularity had been obliterated.Then,all tumor samples were submitted for histologic examination.Results:Contrast enhanced tumor vascularity in color,power,and pulse Doppler over contrast medium.Incomplete ablated foci of tumor could only be identified with contrast medium enhancement.Histology showed complete ablation of all but one tumor.Conclusion:ultrasound enhanced tumor vascularity better by contrast medium.Ultrasound enhanced by contrast might offer an accurate means for guiding and monitoring percutaneous acetic injection for tumor ablation.


useful in this respect. As part of a growing corpus of ethnographically rich studies approaching ethnic identity as an active and hybrid category, this book should be in particular beneficial to the general Singaporean reader whose knowledge of Chinese culture, and ethnicity in general, may in many cases be stunted by the reductionistic &dquo;four-race&dquo; model (Chinese-Malay-Indian-Others) that has come to dominate


The invention relates to the field of image processing, in particular to a method for carrying out road detection by utilizing a vehicle-borne single-frame image. The method for carrying out road detection by utilizing the vehicle-borne single-frame image comprises the following steps: step A1, performing gray processing and image filtering on an input single-frame image, wherein the image filtering is actually mean filtering; step A2, performing OTSU binaryzation on the image obtained in the step A1, and performing vertical line detection on the image by utilizing a Sobel template; step A3, performing Hough transformation respectively on partitioned areas of interest, performing correction on obtained data, and finally fitting a lane line by utilizing a three-order B curve. According to the method for carrying out road detection by utilizing the vehicle-borne single-frame image, the degree of recognition on a lane line is high, the calculated amount of an algorithm is reduced, ROI areas of images are reduced, the lane line is fitted to be a curve, so as to be more close to a real lane, so that the lane recognition accuracy is improved.


The Tethered Satellite System (TSS) will deploy and retrieve a satellite from the Space Shuttle orbiter with a tether of up to 100 km in length attached between the satellite and the orbiter. The characteristics of the TSS which are related to high voltages, electrical currents, energy storage, power, and the generation of plasma waves are described. A number of specific features of the tether system of importance in assessing the operational characteristics of the electrodynamic TSS are identified.


Voltaire ridiculed this contentment on the part of the Leibnizian Maupertuis, but the fact remains that Maupertuis' application of Leibnizian method to the expression of the laws of Newtonian mechanics as the minimization principle of least action, has proved to be anything but fatuous. It must always be considered as a mark of the greatness of Leibniz, that his idea of representing the laws of physics by principles of minimization is the source of the mechanics of Lagrange and Hamilton, from whom the line of inheritance to Heisenberg and Schrodinger is clear and direct.


As one of the scientific methods, literature review is distinguished by its ability to generate conclusions in the highest level of confidence as it relies on the analysis of numerous published empirical studies. Nevertheless, conducting a literature review on the Indonesian databases is challenging because there are wide ranges of synonymous variants for a conceptual terminology, which are mostly caused by the literal translations of the terminology from its English origin. This commentary paper highlights the fundamental challenge in conducting literature review studies using Indonesian published papers, particularly the challenge resulting from the abstinence of a guideline for terminology translations, and offers a strategy to mitigate the issue by emphasising the roles of psychological consortia and associations.


The linking number is the simplest link invariant given by Gauss; it is the first Gauss diagram formula expressed by one arrow among two circles. Proceeding the next stage, we study the second Gauss diagram formula consisting of two arrows among two circles. We call a function of this type the multiple linking number. There are two multiple linking numbers; one of them is ordinary Vassiliev invariant and the other function is surprisingly sensitive to the necessity of the second Reidemeister moves though any one-component Gauss diagram formula cannot detect the necessity.


Abstract - The coatings coming from the thermal decomposition of two organogermanium compounds GeR.4 where R is either .C2H5 or .CH=CH2 have been investigated by various technics. According to the starting molecule and the experimental conditions, the films diplay different features. For example the pyrolysis of Ge (CH=CH2)4 leads to the formation of a Ge-C, C-C and Ge-Ge bonds while the pyrolysis of Ge (C2H5>4 gives Ge-Ge and few C-C bonds. 1.- Introduction. The interest in materials prepared from elements of the fourteenth column of the periodic table is well known and their field of applications is numerous. Among the techniques used to obtain thin films, chemical vapour deposition from organometallic compounds decomposition (O.M.C.V.D.) is one of the most versatile. Moreover to obtain a given material several chemical systems can be used. For example the preparation of thin films of amorphous Si x Ci_ x alloys is carried out from various organometallic compounds (1) such as tetraethynylsilane : Si-(CsCH)4 or tetrapropargyl silane Si-(CH2-C=CH)4. The value of the composition x varies according to the type of the starting molecule, and particularly on the position of the triple bonds : x = 0.82 for the first molecule whereas x = 0.24 for the second. Indeed the nature of the material deposited depends on~the mechanisms of pyrolysis and on the kinetics of the deposition. In order to improve our knowledge of the thermal behaviour of some organometallic precursors and try to find general rules of decomposition as a function of the radicals bonded to a metal M (Ge, Si, Sn) we have undertaken a study of the pyrolysis of organosilicon, organogermanium and organotin compounds MR4, MR'2 where R is C2H5 or -CH = CH


Allosteric binding of calcium ion (Ca2+) to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) controls channel gating within IP3R. Here, we present biochemical and electron microscopic evidence of Ca2+-sensitive structural changes in the three-dimensional structure of type 1 IP3R (IP3R1). Low concentrations of Ca2+ and high concentrations of Sr2+ and Ba2+ were shown to be effective for the limited proteolysis of IP3R1, but Mg2+ had no effect on the proteolysis. The electron microscopy and the limited proteolysis consistently demonstrated that the effective concentration of Ca2+ for conformational changes in IP3R1 was <10-7 m and that the IP3 scarcely affected the conformational states. The structure of IP3R1 without Ca2+, as reconstructed by three-dimensional electron microscopy, had a "mushroom-like" appearance consisting of a large square-shaped head and a small channel domain linked by four thin bridges. The projection image of the "head-to-head" assembly comprising two particles confirmed the mushroom-like side view. The "windmill-like" form of IP3R1 with Ca2+ also contains the four bridges connecting from the IP3-binding domain toward the channel domain. These data suggest that the Ca2+-specific conformational change structurally regulates the IP3-triggered channel opening within IP3R1.


Due to its extraordinary features and wide bandwidth (5.47 eV), diamond is a very promising material in the eld of optoelectronics. By absorbing ultraviolet light, excited charge carriers electrons and holes are created in the diamond, which can create excitons due to mutual Coulomb interaction. For low temperatures and high concentrations of photoexcitated carriers, carriers can condense into electron-hole droplets and form an electron-hole liquid. The aim of this diploma thesis is to follow up with previous research at the department and to examine the dynamics of electron-hole liquid in bulk diamond at low temperatures. Using femtosecond laser spectroscopy, we investigate the in uence of excitation wavelengths on the dynamics of electron-hole liquid condensation.


In this paper, When failure Probability p i=P{Tt i} prior distribution of Zero-failure data (t i, n i) are quasi-Beta distribution-Beta( i-1 ,λ i;1,b) in time t i, the hierarchical Bayesian estimation of p i were come out. Then the reliability estimation of Zero-failure data were come out.


Feedrate is one of the most important indexes in the CNC system, and the transition velocity of the linking lines or arcs influence the feedrate heavily. The paper give a best-transition-velocity model based on the analysic of the suitiation single and linking lines,and give the way to design in CNC system, which is all ready accomplished in HL-B0408 CNC system.The example demonstrates the CNC system adopting the algorithm improves the feedrate.


3D printing has emerged onto the global stage as a new and potentially highly disruptive manufacturing technology, with an impact predicted by some to be as revolutionary as the Internet. However, much of the existing research from humanities, arts and social sciences disciplines concerns 3D printing in North America and Western Europe, with limited literature on 3D printing's trajectory in other parts of the world, including Asia. In this chapter, the relationship between 3D printing and other digital technologies will be considered from a western perspective, before we focus specifically on Asian developments, taking 3D printing in India and China as case studies. We will look at the approaches in these countries to innovation and intellectual property in general, how the relationship is playing out in the 3D printing space and the extent to which the regional – and global – experience is converging or diverging.


December 10, 1969 Master and Servant — Redundancy — Dismissal — "Offer of suitable employment" — Offer at certain grade made in writing — Employer's refusal to guarantee in writing nature of work within grade — Whether "particulars specified in … offer" — Whether refusal of offer of employment "unreasonable" — Redundancy Payments Act, 1965 (c. 62), s. 2(4)


Today's market demand for smaller, more powerful consumer electronics poses a major challenge to the rapid design of products. In addition, the ability to perform strategic coordination amongst different stakeholders within the enterprise increasingly becomes an important criterion to enable global engineering. We begin the paper with an introduction to a typical design process involving distributed design teams In particular the process allows the thermal‐acoustic design of cavities, i.e. air space inside the enclosure, in terms of flow rate and acoustic radiation resistance. Then we proceed with the investigation of an approach leveraging recent modelling technology to support such a process efficiently. The process makes use of the system modelling language (SysML.) as product description support and the Design Structure Matrix as an analytical design tool. We use the model and the DSM as a means to drive numerical simulation and perform trade‐off studies. Simulation results show that performing trade‐off study in the early system design phase leads to a potentially optimal module layout for the problem studied.


In this paper the concepts of periodic motions, asymptotically periodic motions and uniformly Lyapunov stable motions in the theory of pseudo-processes are introduced. Connections between the above notions in the theories of dynamical systems and pseudo-processes are discussed. Finally, some necessary or suucient conditions for periodicity of processes generated by differential equations are given.


We present AΜAΛΘΕΙA (AMALTHIA), an application ontology that models the domain of dishes as they are presented in 112 menus collected from restaurants/taverns/patisseries in East Macedonia and Thrace in Northern Greece. AΜAΛΘΕΙA supports a tourist mobile application offering multilingual translation of menus, dietary and cultural information about the dishes and their ingredients, as well as information about the geographical dispersion of the dishes. In this document, we focus on the food/dish dimension that constitutes the ontology's backbone. Its dish-oriented perspective differentiates AΜAΛΘΕΙA from other food ontologies and thesauri, such as Langual, enabling it to codify information about the dishes served, particularly considering the fact that they are subject to wide variation due to the inevitable evolution of recipes over time, to geographical and cultural dispersion, and to the chef's creativity. We argue for the adopted design decisions by drawing on semantic information retrieved from the menus, as well as other social and commercial facts, and compare AMAΛΘΕΙA with other important taxonomies in the food field. To the best of our knowledge, AΜAΛΘΕΙA is the first ontology modeling (i) dish variation and (ii) Greek (commercial) cuisine (a component of the Mediterranean diet).


At the present day, the semiconductor manufacturing technology is highly developed to satisfy demands for
miniaturization, highly integration and rapid manufacturing speed of electric equipments. According to the
developing integration technology of semiconductor , the heat generation rates per unit area of each chip, module
and entire system are suddenly increased. And it can cause an error of electric equipment and unstableness of system.
In this study, we had calculated the heat generation using FEM program and recalculated if after rearrangement in
constant rules about the semiconductor which cause the heat generation on PCB substrates. The purpose of this study
is to optimize the uniformity of thermoelastic stress distribution on the PCB keeping the original function of it.


The dielectric functions of several boron carbides with compositions spanning the single-phase region (9--19 at. % C) have been measured over a broad range of frequencies (10[sup 2]--10[sup 15] Hz), making it possible to evaluate the various polarization contributions to the dielectric response. The high-frequency (electronic) contributions to the real part of the dielectric constants ([var epsilon][prime]) are sizable ([var epsilon][sub [infinity]][sup [prime]][congruent]7), whereas the lattice (ionic) contributions are small ([var epsilon][sub [ital l]][sup [prime]][le]2). This result implies that the electron-lattice interaction in these materials is of short range, like that of covalent semiconductors. The low-frequency dielectric properties and ac conductivities are dominated by the hopping motion of localized charge carriers which are believed to be bipolaronic (paired) holes on B[sub 11]C icosahedra. The frequency, temperature, and carbon-concentration dependences of these properties can be understood in terms of a recent model for adiabatic small-polaronic hopping between spatially close pairs of nearly degenerate sites. Distinctively, both the dielectric constant and conductivity exhibit peaks as a function of carbon content. This feature is consistent with a model that describes the evolution of the structure with increasing carbon content and results in peaking of the localized hole density at 131/3 at. % carbon.more » It is argued that the boron carbides are an ideal system for studying adiabatic small-polaron type hopping transport.« less


Paget's disease is a well-known disorder of unclear etiology that results in deformity and enlargement of single or multiple bones due to abnormal osteoclastic-osteoblastic remodeling of bone. Osteoclastoma, also known as giant cell tumor, is a rare complication of Paget's disease that usually occurs in the skull or facial bones. This is a report of a 35-year-old woman with recurrent osteoclastoma of the sino-nasal tract, a complication of Paget's disease, for which she underwent 4 operations. Clinicopathological features of this rare disease are described here.


A novel four‐branch single‐mode wide‐angle power divider, consisting of a symmetric Y‐branch waveguide with a phase front retarder around the junction and a central V‐shaped two‐branch waveguide located a coupling gap apart, is proposed. Low loss, large angle, and uniform output power distribution can be achieved by adjusting the gap between Y‐branch and V‐shaped two‐branch waveguides. Moreover, the proposed power divider can be used in wide‐bandwidth wavelength‐division‐multiplexing (WDM) systems. Also, the effect on the power‐dividing ratio is insensitive to fabrication tolerance. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 337–341, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11054


There was an approximately 2 cm diameter thrombus attached to the right atrioventricular valve. The small and large intestines were filled with fluid digesta and gas. The gallbladder contained a pasty white fluid. There were no gross lesions noted on examination of the brain or spinal cord. Laboratory Results: CBC and blood chemistry were within normal limits. Histopathologic Description: Brain (telencephalic/ diencephalic junction-including thalamus, lateral ventricle, and substantia nigra; some sections are composed of mesencephalon): Replacing extensive regions of the white matter and multifocally spreading into the adjacent gray matter are variably sized foci of liquefactive necrosis. These foci contain large numbers of macrophages that contain abundant, intracytoplasmic, degenerate myelin (gitter cells) and are admixed with fewer lymphocytes and reactive astrocytes (some of which are multinucleate). The adjacent neuroparenchyma is loosened (edema) and contains large numbers of reactive astrocytes (gemistocytes) and rod-shaped microglia. Both within the foci of liquefactive necrosis and in the adjacent neuroparenchyma are large numbers of astrocytes that are characterized by large, swollen nuclei that contain a single, round, 10-20µm, amphophilic, glassy inclusion History: This monkey was inoculated with SIVmac251 and had undergone routine phlebotomies. Several months after inoculation, the animal developed diarrhea and loss of appetite. The animal was treated with Baytril ® , with partial resolution of the animal's diarrhea and improvement in appetite. Following discontinuation of Baytril ® , the overall condition of the animal continued to decline with increased respiratory effort at rest and mucoid nasal discharge. Complete blood count and blood chemistry were within normal limits. A weight loss of 5 kilograms (from 21 to 16 kilograms) was recorded over a three month period. At the end of this period, the animal still had marked diarrhea and pneumonia. A cardiac ultrasound at this time revealed a thrombus attached to the right atrioventricular valve. The animal was placed on amoxicillin treatment; however, due to failure to respond to treatment, the animal was euthanized. Gross Pathology: The animal was markedly obese. The axillary and inguinal lymph nodes were mildly enlarged. The lungs were mottled with cranioventral consolidation.


TIl(' foclis condit ions for CZl' rny-Tul"lwr type, (,,·o-m irror s l)('clrographs ,,·it h spatia l beam path al"C' cil' ri veci. It is s hown that, in gl' nC'ral, U1C' fo cal surface' of lh e SI)('ctrograph if> inte' rmcd iatC' between the tangenlia l anci sagittal focus. A J1wtllOd is d('v(' lope'd lo ca lcu lalt· the thn'C'-di mcnsioI131 focal s li rface, as ,,·ell as to find lhe curvatu re' of long mo nochromator slits.


Most accounts of child language acquisition use as analytic tools adult-like syntactic categories and grammars with little concern for whether they are psychologically real for young children. However, when approached from a cognitive and functional theoretical perspective, recent research has demonstrated that children do not operate initially with such abstract linguistic entities, but instead on the basis of distributional learning and item-based, form-meaning constructions. Children construct more abstract, linguistic representations only gradually on the basis of the language they hear and use and they constrain these constructions to their appropriate ranges of use only gradually as well – again on the basis of linguistic experience in which frequency plays a key role. Results from empirical analyses of children's early multiword utterances, the development of the transitive construction and certain types of errors are presented to illustrate this approach.