We present a systematic method for designing a perfect antireflection coating (ARC) of a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PC) with an arbitrary unit cell. We use Bloch wave expansion and time reversal symmetry, which leads exactly to analytic formulas of structural parameters for the ARC and renormalized Fresnel coefficients of the PC. Surface immittance (admittance and impedance) matching plays essential role for designing the ARC of 1D PC's, which is shown together with a practical example. Typeset using REVTEX 1 Photonic crystals (PC's) have unique energy dispersion due to coupling between periodic materials and electromagnetic (EM) waves. In particular, strong energy dispersion of propagation modes of PC's has attracted much interest because of their applicability to add/drop multiplexers, dispersion compensators, polarization filters, and image processors. These transmission-type applications of PC's require achieving negligibly small reflection-loss at the interface of the PC's. Therefore, it is important to apply effective antireflection interface-structures, or antireflection coatings (ARC's) to the input and output interfaces of the PC's. There have been several reports on ARC's designed for the PC's. The structural ideas of those ARC's were developed from the concept of adiabatic interconnection or weve-vector matching (k-matching) for two-dimensional (2D) PC's. Reflectance at the interface of 1D PC's has been calculated by plane-wave expansion and multiplication of a transfer matrix for a unit cell. However, these approaches do not tell directly the optimal parameters of the ARC to be applied, so iteration of numerical calculation is required until those parameters have been optimized. In this Letter, we derive analytic formulas of structural parameters of an ARC that is applied to a 1D PC. We deal with 1D systems for simplicity, but the formulas to be derived would be applicable to multi-dimensional PC's under appropriate approximation. Structural parameters of a conventional ARC between two homogeneous media are readily calculated if the refractive indices of the two media are known. In Fig. 1 (a), the ARC (region 2) with refractive index n2 and thickness d is placed between two semi-infinite homogeneous media with refractive indices n1 (region 1) and n3 (region 3). These three regions are divided by two boundaries at z = 0 and −d, where the z-axis is defined as perpendicular to the surface of the ARC. Each region consists of linear and lossless dielectrics. The reflection coefficient at z = −d is then given by r = r1,2 + r2,3exp[2ik2d] 1 + r1,2r2,3exp[2ik2d] , (1) where k2 is the normal component of the wave vector in the ARC, and ri,j is the reflection coefficient of light propagating from region i to j. The reflection coefficient in Eq. (1) 2 equals zero for normal incidence light when d = λ0/4n2 and n2 = √ n1n3, where λ0 is the wavelength in vacuum. As in Fig. 1 (b), we replace the semi-infinite homogeneous medium (region 3) in Fig. 2 (a) by a semi-infinite 1D PC with lattice constant Λ and periodic refractive index function n(z). The function n(z) has an arbitrary spatial modulation in the unit cell. To determine the reflection coefficient for this case, we expand the EM waves in the PC using all the eigenmodes in the PC, namely propagating and decaying Bloch waves. Those Bloch waves in the 1D PC can be obtained as the eigenvectors of a transfer matrix under a given frequency ω, a parallel component of a wave vector k‖, and a polarization of light σ. The reflection coefficient r of the electric field at the interface (z = −d) is determined by considering the boundary condition. The expression of the derived reflection coefficient is formally the same as Eq. (1), except for r2,3. The reflection coefficient r2,3 for normal incidence light is modified into r2,3(ω) = n2 − N(ω) n2 + N(ω) , (2) where N(ω) equals to ±Yk,k(ω), surface admittance of the Bloch waves. The signs differ for two orthogonal light polarizations in Cartesian coordinate system. The surface admittance Yk,k is defined as Yk,k = Hk/Ek , (3) where Ek(Hk) stands for the tangential component of the electric(magnetic) field of the Bloch waves at the interface (z = +0), and k is the Bloch wave vector. In the derivation of Eqs. (2) and (3) we used the fact that time reversal symmetry inhibits the simultaneous appearance of both the propagating and decaying modes in the same direction for a given set {ω, k‖ and σ} in a 1D PC. Note that the function N(ω) in Eq. (2) is complex in general due to the phase difference between Ek and Hk of the Bloch waves at the interface, but that the imaginary part of N(ω) is zero if the surface of the PC's is a mirror plane in a infinite form of the PC's. Note also that multiple reflections in the 1D PC's, which are represented 3 as plane waves, are renormalized into a single Fresnel coefficient in Eq. (2) by using the Bloch wave expansion. The pair of the refractive index n2 and thickness d of the ARC for 1D PC's to achieve zero reflectance is found as follows. The extremal condition of the reflectance R(= |r|2) with respect to d, i.e., ∂R/∂d = 0, is written as D ≡ d λ0/4n2 = 1 2πi ln [ r 2,3 r2,3 ] + m , m = 0, 1, · · · . (4) We call D the "normalized thickness". Substituting d derived from Eq. (4) into Eq. (1), we obtain the refractive index n2 that makes the reflectance zero: n2 = √


The purpose of the present study was to formulate and evaluate Selegiline loaded bio-nanoparticles for effective treatment of Depression. For the preparation of bio-nanoparticles biomaterial was isolated from fruits of Luffa acutangula by an economic method. The biomaterial recovered from the concentrate was subjected for various physicochemical properties like color, solubility, color changing point and chemical test. Bio-nanoparticles were prepared by modified solvent evaporation method in different batches with variable drug/biomaterial ratio. Prepared batches were subjected for various evaluation studies like particle size, zeta potential, SEM, TEM, surface entrapment, in-vitro diffusion, DSC and stability. Particle size and zeta potential result revealed that all nanoformulation were within range of 110 to 152.7 with slight negative in charge. SEM and TEM study report indicate that formulations were spherical in shape with less or no aggregation. Less surface entrapment leads to better drug entrapped inside nanomatrix. Bio-nanoformulations were capable of releasing the drug in a slow sustained manner. From the present investigation, it may be concluded that biomaterial isolated from fruits of Luffa acutangula used in the preparation of bio-nanoparticle act as an efficient carriers for deliver selegiline at a controlled rate. It may significantly improve the ability to cross blood-brain barrier and serve as an effective tool to treat Depression disease. Goswami et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, March 2016, 5(4): 33-37 http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol5Issue4/01.pdf


Music: Rocio Durcal Amazon.com Entre Tangos Y Mariachi Track # 9 Time 2:55 Available from Choreographer Rhythm : Rumba Phase : V + 2 (Advanced Hockey Stick , Cont Nat top) Footwork : Opposite , except where (Noted) Release Date : Dec 2012 Choreo: Jos Dierickx Beverlosestwg 14/B2 3583 Paal Belgium Email: email@example.com Sequence : INTRO AB BRIDGE AB END ==================================================================================================== INTRO


This paper is devoted to studying the radiation damage of the HCP-Zirconium by molecular dynamics method. We performed calculation of the point defect formation energies and the threshold displacement energy. Simulation of atomic displacement cascades at different temperatures, primary knocked-on atoms energies, and interatomic potentials was carried out. The obtained results are compared with the available literary data.


Abstract Elevated water temperatures have been implicated as a factor limiting the recovery of anadromous salmonids in the Klamath River basin. This article reviews evidence of a multidecade trend of increasing temperatures in the lower main-stem Klamath River above the ocean and, based on model simulations, finds a high probability that water temperature has been increasing by approximately 0.5°C/decade (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.42–0.60°C/decade) since the early 1960s. The season of high temperatures that are potentially stressful to salmonids has lengthened by about 1 month over the period studied, and the average length of main-stem river with cool summer temperatures has declined by about 8.2 km/decade. Water temperature trends seem unrelated to any change in main-stem water availability but are consistent with measured basinwide air temperature increases. Main-stem warming may be related to the cyclic Pacific Decadal Oscillation, but if this trend continues it might jeopardize the recovery of...


Increasing feeding levels during early and mid-pregnancy can improve the growth rates of progeny (Dwyer et al. 1994), especially when ewe nutrition is restricted during lactation (Dove et al. 1988). Greenwood et al. (1998) found that high birth weight lambs were more efficient up to 20-kg liveweight and tended to grow faster than low birth weight lambs. In addition, lambs poorly grown in the first three months of life, although not permanently stunted, took several years to ameliorate their growth handicap (Allden 1968). This paper reports preliminary data from the 'Lifetime Wool' project (Thompson and Oldham 2004, these proceedings) on the effects of ewe nutrition during pregnancy and lactation on the growth rates of progeny to 12-months-of-age.


An alternative approach to analyze complex matrixes such as milks lies on multivariate description of the chemical composition of samples where non-specific fingerprints are analyzed using data mining methods. Portable electronic tongues (ET) are of great interest for the dairy industry [1]. However, still several problems related to the fouling of the electrodes and the preservation conditions limit their usage in milk analysis. For thus, the sensor´s development methods need to be adapted in order to reduce the fouling of electrodes caused by milk components, among which stand out fat and proteins. For that reason, these kind of matrixes need to be pre-treated to eliminate, or at least substantially diminish their presence.
 The benefits of using ETs in the dairy industry have been explored by different researchers [2]. These works have been used to discriminate and classify milk samples with different characteristics such as freshness, nutritional composition, adulterations, etc. However, due to its extremely complexity, the fouling of the electrodes reduces the repeatability and lifetime of the sensors. Another factor to take into account is the microbiologic process that start immediately after milking, due to it can modify the composition of milk. For that reason, it is necessary to develop techniques that not only decrease the fouling but limit also the growth of organisms without interfering in the electrochemical measurements.
 The necessity to optimize the measurement protocols in order to guarantee the capabilities of the sensors systems has led us to analyze and to evaluate the effect of practices such as dilution, sonication, freezing or addition of preservatives such as azidiol on the responses of electrochemical sensors. In this work, a portable system formed by an array of serigraphied sensors coupled to a pattern recognition software has been developed and used to analyze raw milk obtained from cows with different characteristics (lactation days, days of pregnancy, number of pregnancies...). In this work, it has been concluded that the performance of the sensory system is drastically improved if milk samples are diluted and sonicated previous to the analysis. In addition, it has been evidenced that the use of preservation methods such as the addition of azidiol or the freezing at -20ºC has also an important influence in the electrochemical responses. Principal Component Analysis of the signals obtained using the optimized conditions has allowed the discrimination of 12 milks with different characteristics.
 [1] C. Garcia-Cabezon, G.G. Teixeira, L.G. Dias, C. Salvo-Comino, C. García-Hernandez, M.L. Rodriguez-Mendez, F. Martin-Pedrosa, Analysis of phenolic content in grape seeds and skins by means of a bio-electronic tongue, Sensors (Switzerland). 20 (2020) 1–14. doi:10.3390/s20154176.
 [2] Lluis Pascual, Marisa Gras, Daniel Vidal-Brotóns, Miguel Alcañiz, Ramón Martínez-Máñez, Jose V.Ros-LisA voltammetric e-tongue tool for the emulation of the sensorial analysis and the discrimination of vegetal milks, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Volume 270, 1 October 2018, Pages 231-238

 Acknowledgments: We appreciate the financial support of MINECO-FEDER National Plan (PID2021-122365OB-100). Junta de Castilla y Leon- FEDER VA202P20. CLU-2019-04 and «Infrastructure Network of Castilla y León (INFRARED)» UVA01. Tractor Plan In Advanced Materials Focused On The Key Industrial Sectors In Castilla Y León: Agri-food, Transport, Energy And Construction (MA2TEC). We would also like to thank the Calidad Pascual farm (Aranda de Duero) for the loan of samples (ALIVAC-IDI-20211051).


A low-cost 77 GHz spherical lens antenna has been developed for mobile applications. The antenna system consists of a 5 cm spherical Teflon lens which is fed by an endfire tapered slot antenna on a 127 ¿m-thick Duroid¿ substrate. The measured patterns result in symmetrical diffraction limited E and H-plane patterns with a 3-dB beamwidth of 5.5°, a sidelobe level below -20 dB and a crosspolarization level of -19 dB. The calculated efficiency of this antenna system is 54%. The efficiency includes spillover loss, amplitude taper, non-uniform phase, and reflection loss. This very low cost antenna can be easily extended to provide 170° coverage using a circular feed array around the spherical Teflon lens.


I AM deeply appreciative of having been invited to give this lecture in a series commemorating the great contribution made by Dr. Steinmetz. Our first thought of Dr. Steinmetz is of his pre-eminence in science. If his outstanding leadership had stopped at the boundaries of his profession I would have felt very much out of place on this platform; but that was not the case. His interest in human welfare included many things beyond his own specialization, and of all his concerns as man and citizen, one of his deepest was public education. He was a member of the Schenectady Board of Education for five and a half years, four years serving as president. Thus, in dealing with public education we are treating a subject that was close to his heart.


Tests based on non destructive techniques are fundamental for measurements on fully operational plants. This work details the results obtained in experimental tests on full-flowing pipes made of a variety of materials highlighting some of the characteristics and limitations in the performance of the ultrasonic flow meter which must be taken into account. The research carried out using a Doppler ultrasonic flow meter (UDFM) illustrated anomalies in the device's function on steel pipes that have been in service for many years and in which significant internal irregularities and incrustations were present. With the internal surface of the pipe wall in such conditions, the acoustic signal loses its coherence, in passing through the pipe wall twice, thus making its detection difficult for the receiver. Further tests conducted on acrylic pipes, characterized by an extremely smooth internal surface and under the same experimental conditions, did not present the running anomalies encountered in the old steel pipes.


RMB's internationalization is the necessary choice of Chinese economy development.The process of RMB's internationalization is the internationalization process of RMB business,RMB institutions and transaction network,and the higher level demand on economy institution,financial system and financial market reform were required.During this process,financial supervision frame must be adjusted with the dynamic internationalization,and some new topics on financial supervision were put forward from supervision system,supervision aim and methods.


The proposed work presented in this paper is mainly focused on the control of the active and reactive stator powers generated by a wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on the dual feed induction generator (DFIG). This control is achieved by acting on the rotor side converter (RSC) to extract the maximum power from the wind turbine (WT) while regulating the rotor currents. Furthermore, another control objective is achieved by acting on the grid side converter (GSC), in which the DC bus voltage is maintained constant and a unity power factor is ensured. To do that, a new robust control known as active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) has been proposed and applied to the WECS. This control is based on the extended state observer (ESO), which is the main core of this algorithm; it makes the estimation and cancellation of the total effect of various uncertainties (internal and external disturbances) possible in real time. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the system was modeled and simulated by using the Matlab/Simulink software. Two tests, namely, tracking and robustness tests, were performed to compare the proposed ADRC technique and classical PI controllers. The obtained results are promising and have shown that the proposed control strategy based on ADRC, especially when varying the mode parameters, is performant and very useful.


Wastewater treatment leads to a significant production of about 150 to 200 kg of sludge per population equivalent (P.E) per year, with a humidity level higher than 90%. The treatment and discharge of this sludge involves high costs for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which can amount to up to 60% of their total operating cost. The environmental and public health aspect should also be carefully considered during evacuation as sludge may contain harmful elements. Currently, several treatment, valorization and disposal methods are possible for sludge. In order to respect the various constraints on the possibilities of discharging sludge and to minimize its cost, a reasonable approach must be followed to establish an optimal management path according to the WWTP situation. The objective of this work is to develop a methodology for optimizing sludge treatment, valorization and disposal methods for a given WWTP. This method is based on operational research technique. The methodology follows the following six steps: description of the existing situation, identification of possible treatment, valorization and disposal methods for the WWTP and development of a decision tree specific to the WWTP, mathematical formulation and assumptions, mathematical resolution and sensitivity analysis, validation of the solution and application of the solution. After the application of this methodology, a decision support tool is developed to define the optimal method(s) for sludge management in the WWTP. According to the example of the application of this methodology on sludge management of the WWTP of Marrakech (Morocco), the optimal solution, with respect to the data used and keeping the installations in place, is the application of agricultural spreading after the sludge treatments which are: thickening, anaerobic digestion, mechanical dehydration and solar drying. On a 20-year operation, an average gain of about €10 (110 DHs) per ton of dry solid (DS) incoming is generated.


Estrogens are known to play a major role in mammary tumor growth.' Among the mechanisms regulating estradiol (E2) action in estrogen target tissue^,^-^ the activity of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent enzyme 17P-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17P-HSD) plays an important role, because it converts the most potent natural estrogen 17P-estradiol (E2) into estrone (El), a less active compound.6 Recent elucidation of the complete amino acid sequence of human placental 17P-HSD deduced from its corresponding cDNA should provide detailed information about the properties and regulation of this enzyme, which should help our understanding of the hormone dependency of breast cancer.I The present study investigates the hormonal regulation of estradiol 17P-HSD in an in vitro model of human breast cancer. ZR-75-1 cells were thus preincubated for 10 days with optimal concentrations of selected steroids in the presence or absence of insulin. Seventeen-p-HSD was measured in cells incubated for 4 hours in the presence of [3H]E2 (20 nM). Quantification of the metabolites was achieved after extraction, partition, and separation by thin-layer chromatography. FIGURE 1 shows that the synthetic estrogen ethinylestradiol (EE2) decreases the activity of 17P-HSD by approximately 20 and 45% in the absence and presence of insulin, respectively. The specificity of the effect of ethinylestradiol is supported by an almost complete reversal of the effect of the estrogen by the steroidal antiestrogen ICI 164384. Although the synthetic progestin R5020 present alone does not exert a significant influence on the enzymatic activity of 17P-HSD in ZR-75-1 cells, it prevents the inhibitory action of the estrogen ethinylestradiol. Androgens, on the other hand, cause a threefold increase in 17P-HSD activity through specific interaction with the androgen receptor, as indicated by inhibition of the effect of dihydrotestosterone by the pure antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide (FIG. 2). Although ZR-751 cells possess glucocorticoids receptors and glucocorticoid are known to inhibit cell proliferation, treatment for 10 days with dexamethasone has no effect on 17pHSD activity (FIG. 1). The present data demonstrate that the activity of 17p-HSD is under the control of estrogens and androgens in the human breast cell line ZR75-1. Such activity may have an important influence on the response of breast cancer to hormonal therapy.


This work investigates the interrelation of performance and robustness against variability in industrial microprocessor designs. A novel analysis technique for variation-sensitive hardware and two figures of merit to quantify the robustness of a design against variations are proposed. Together with a multi-stage STA this enables an efficient application of low-VT cell insertion and pulsed latch design to compensate for within-die delay variations. For the same speed margin of 5% on design level, a pulsed latch design of an ARM926 microprocessor shows a 2.5times higher robustness compared to a MS-FF design with selective low-VT cell insertion.


Discrimination of buried exploded ordnance by inversion of electromagnetic data requires accurate sensor positioning. There are many contaminated areas were dense forest or significant topographic variation reduces accuracy or precludes use of standard geo-location methods, such as satellite-based Global Positioning System (GPS) and laser tracking systems (e.g., Robotic Total Station, RTS), as these rely on line of sight. We propose an alternative positioning system that is based on a beacon principle. The system was developed to survey with the Man-Portable Vector (MPV) EMI sensor. The magnetic moment of the MPV transmitter can be detected at a relatively large distance. The primary field is measured from a portable base station comprised of two vector receivers rigidly attached to either ends of a 1.5 meter horizontal boom. Control tests showed that relative location and orientation could be recovered with centimeter positional and one degree angular accuracy within a 3-4-meter range and 60-degree aperture (relative to boom transverse direction), which is more than sufficient to cover any UXO anomaly. This accuracy level satisfies commonly accepted positional requirement for discrimination. The beacon positioning system can facilitate classification of munitions in any man-trafficable area and was successfully deployed at a field demonstration.


Purpose: The esophageal foreign body results from ingestion of various materials and some foreign bodies such as fish bone can make severe complications such as esophageal perforation and acute mediastinitis. The purposes of this study were to investigate the clinical characterisitcs of esophageal foreign body in Jeju and to analyze the complicated cases by esophageal foreign body.Methods: A total 32 patients who were treated for foreign body in gastrointestinal tract at Cheju National University Hospital from May 2003 to October 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. The review about clinical informations included patient's age, sex, chief complains, presentation time from symptom, duration of admission, endoscopic treatment, and complications. The length and type of foreign body also were reviewed. Complicated group and non-complicated group were compared in aspect of probability of complications in esophageal foreign body.Results: Male was 65.6% and pediatric under 15 years old was 40.6%. The mean age was 35.53±25.98 years old and the mean presentation time from symptom was 27.98±53.95 hours. Dysphagia and foreign body sense was major chief complain in adults and most pediatric had no symptom. Most foreign body were located in esophagus and the mean size of foreign body was 2.34±1.06 cm. The most common foreign body was fish bone and 35.7% among fish bone injuries had complication such as esophageal perforation and acute mediastinitis. Compared with non-complicated group, complicated group was older and had longer presentation time from symptom and more chest pain as chief complains significantly.Conclusion: The most esophageal foreign body in Jeju was fish bone, that made more complications than the other areas. Older patient with esophageal fish bone who presented later and had chest pain could be supposed to have complications by fish bone.


Background and aims: Antiepileptic drugs do cause adverse effects, affecting quality of life, adherence and seizures. Consequently, need to study this among Nigerian patients. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study assessing the extent of adverse effects with carbamazepine monotherapy and potential factors. Results: 54 patients (64.3 %) reported no adverse effects, while 30 did. Commonest adverse effects were memory problems followed by headaches, restlessness, tiredness and depression. Adverse effects were significantly higher in females, with females with low educational levels having significantly higher rates. Dose, co-medications, seizure control and comorbid conditions did not significantly affect adverse effects. Conclusions: Perception of adverse effects was common in patients on carbamazepine monotherapy, more common in women than men. Educational status was important in women. Introduction Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition that affects between 65 to 70million people worldwide [1, 2], with drug therapy the mainstay of the treatment. It is estimated that 70% of patients will respond to the medicines prescribed whilst the remainder will need surgery and other forms of therapy to achieve seizure control [2, 3, 4]. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are known to have a high propensity for adverse effects (AEs) because of their mechanism of action and their metabolic pathway, with up to 80% of patients experiencing an adverse event [5-8]. AEs are contributors to poor drug compliance, which can be as high as 30% to 50% of adults living with epilepsy, low quality of life and drop outs from drug therapy [4,5,9]. AEs include neuropsychiatric, gastrointestinal, dermatological, endocrine and haematological side-effects. Neuropsychiatric adverse events include memory impairment, headaches, drowsiness, difficulty in concentration and fatigue [6, 8,10,11]. The presence of AEs may require dose adjustments and, in severe cases, total discontinuation of the offending medicines and their replacement with other medicines that possess their own unique adverse effect profile [2].


Automated demand response(ADR) is one of the core technical functions of smart grids,however,as for ADR itself and its important role in smart grid there is large gap in both academic researches and engineering practices home and abroad.Independent of any manual operation,ADR can obviously improve timeliness,reliability and flexibility as well as cost-effectiveness of demand response(DR).ADR subverts the traditional understanding of DR and expands main functions of DR from optimizing power allocation to providing real-time auxiliary services to power system,thus ADR is really brought DR into the field of real-time dispatching,fully utilizes real-time adjustable potential of power load,tremendously enhances the connecting-ability of Intermittent energy sources and secure and stable operation capability of power grids.In this paper the supporting role of smart grid technology to ADR functions is discussed and based on international investigation the research items,standards and pilot projects related to ADR are introduced.Finally,existing obstacles to the implementation of ADR in China are analyzed,and the huge potential and development trend of carrying out ADR in China are pointed out.


Subprime mortgage crisis and European debt crisis have brought a series of influences on small-micro manufacturing businesses in China, such as the reducing orders, the appreciation of the RMB, the lack, weak and turnover of current assets, financing difficulties, labor shortage and worker retention, etc. Whether small-micro businesses can survive in charging environment has become a hot topic. This paper first defined small-micro manufacturing businesses, and then analysed risk expressions of small-micro manufacturing businesses with their characteristics, finally future studies were put forward.


Aimed at the disputation about Chinese university rankings, we examine the possibility to integrate different perspectives a-bout universities after recurred to the ideas of expected utility and defined the unconciliate rankings. The results of our analysis show that the compositive university rankings that are omnipotent are not exist. The feasible way for certain university ranking to conduct a successful practice is to simplify the perspective, so that they will meet public specific value need effectively and be recognized widely.


Juncus effusus is mostly found in freshwater wetlands and is widely used for landscaping and creating artificial wetlands due to its high ecological value. J. effusus tends to dominate during the early stage (3-10 years) of the second succession in abandoned paddy fields. This study focused on the environmental characteristics of J. effusus to create habitat for an endangered species, Nannopya pygmaea, which lives in wetlands dominated by J. effusus. Considering the distribution of J. effusus and N. pygmaea, 63 quadrats at eight wetlands were investigated between May and June 2006 during the critically dry period. Fifty-three species from 28 families co-occurred with J. effusus, and Persicaria thunbergii was the most abundant (63.5%). The optimal ranges of distribution (ORD) for the water variables were water depth, -2 to 10 cm; dissolved oxygen, 0.99-3.55 mg/kg, conductivity (CON), 23.40-115.40 µs/cm, total dissolved solid, 12.53-57.60 mg/L; pH, 5.00-6.87; K + , 0.11-1.46 mg/L; Ca 2+ , 1.53-5.85 mg/L; Na + , 3.16-7.47 mg/L; Mg 2+ , 0.11-1.96 mg/L; NO 3 -N, < 0.001-0.072 mg/L; NH 4 -N, 0.005-0.097 mg/L; and PO 4 -P, 0.006-0.047 mg/L. ORDs for the soil variables were water content, 1.052.96%; loss-on ignition method (LOI), 5.07-7.81%; CON, 23.70-59.70 µs/cm; pH, 4.40-5.16; extracted (e) K +


Tennis, a sport that can be played at any age, has become very popular in Latvia, and its prestige and commercialization have promoted the development of the sport in Latvia as well. However, taking into consideration that the tennis infrastructure is still not sufficient in quantity, there are not many opportunities to play it in sports schools. The study's authors wanted to find out why public sports schools do not choose to include tennis in their range of sports sections. Currently, most young tennis players train in private tennis clubs. To clarify the situation, quantitative data surveys were conducted with representatives of sports schools, as well as qualitative interviews with specialists in the field of tennis. The results showed the impact of different aspects – the competence of coaches in the regions, infrastructure availability, and the funding model specifics. Based on the study's results, the authors develop recommendations that should be followed so that tennis is more included in state sports schools. In this way, the mass formation of the sport would be promoted. Thus there is a higher probability of tending to a sport of increased achievement.


Fuel is injected into a cylinder in an expansion stroke and a cylinder in a compression stroke, so as to generate a combustion pressure, while an engine (11) is stopped in an automatic cranking state. A crankshaft driven by the combustion pressure to be so, the machine (11) having an internal tempering device. An ignition timing Θ of the first compression stroke injection cylinder C1 is delayed in the internal tempering device with respect to an ignition timing Θ1 (TDC) in a starter starting device so that the ignition within a range of ATDC 5 ° CA - ATDC 35 ° CA is performed. In this way the internal pressure can be converted into a forward torque for rotating the crankshaft in order to improve a rise behavior in the internal tempering device.


With more and more vulgar advertisements broadcast on TV for brand communication and sales promotion,taking the annual top vulgar advertisements voted by netizens in recent years as samples,the concept and representation attributes of vulgar advertising are discussed,with special attention paid to the analysis of the effectiveness of vulgar advertising in attention-drawing,memory-keeping and fame-affecting.Suggestions are proposed in the end for providing reference for enterprises which intend to make use of vulgar advertising marketing.


I.A description of the randomized controlled trials, and why it is a critical factor in establishing "strong" evidence of an intervention's effectiveness; II. How to evaluate whether an intervention is backed by "strong" evidence of effectiveness; III. How to evaluate whether an intervention is backed by "possible" evidence of effectiveness; and IV. Important factors to consider when implementing an evidence-based intervention in your schools or classrooms.


Abstract. Dedicated equipment for control education as the ones produced by Feedback Instruments and Quanser, assists the education of the control theory, to make possible the implementation of several experiments, however these systems have high cost. To mount a control laboratory using the systems of such manufacturers implies in some investments. This barrier was the main motivation for this work, that the goal is a low cost equipment implementation to be part of a digital control laboratory using Digital Signal Processors (DSPs). These equipments will allow the elaboration and implementation of complex experiments applying discrete control theory, helping instructors elaborate complex experiments during the control courses, it will help students became familiar to digital signal processing and the Digital Signal Processor (DSP), allowing several implementation applying classical and modern control theory. A magnetic levitation system is developed as first experiment, it is called MAGLEV ("Magnetic Levitator") where a metallic element will be in controlled levitation. This type of experiment was explored as tool for educational purpose for some decades, as described by William G. Hurley in his article "PWM Control of the Magnetic Suspension System", therefore it serves to explore the concepts of electromagnetism theory, control theory and circuits project.


We demonstrate a (>200 nm) broadband laser source centered at 850 nm based on a 3 GHz Yb-fiber laser. The spectrum generated by fiber-optic Cherenkov radiation produces ~14-fs compressed pulses with 184-mW average power after phase compensation using 8 double-chirped mirrors.


The Water Evaluation and Planning system (WEAP) provides database and scenario-driven forecasting, policy analysis, and resource management capabilities. A comprehensive set of adaptation strategies to address water scarcity has been investigated using WEAP, and the relative costs and benefits weighed using multi-criteria analysis (MCA) methods, with broad input solicited from stakeholders in Sana'a basin in Yemen. Results of the WEAP include information on: the groundwater storage in the aquifers, unmet water demand and demand site coverage. The results of this study will assist decision makers in the field of water resources planning and management in Yemen and similar countries in the region who seek to better manage their water resources and water forecasting for the future.


We have developed and demonstrated a technique to allow a follower vehicle to closely repeat the path established by a leader vehicle. The leader records the range-to-obstruction to either or both sides as well as its own estimated position and orientation. A non-model-based technique is used to correlate the follower's estimate of position to the leader's. The technique is tolerant of changes in the environment between passes of the leader and follower, and eliminates the correspondence problem in a model-based system where both the leader and follower need to correctly identify a particular object as being the same landmark. In this paper, we describe the active cross-path correlation algorithm and initial experimental results.


The Parsys SN 1000 series of parallel processing computer systems is considered as a vehicle for the generation of complex scenes using techniques such as ray-tracing and radiosity. The use of high throughput data capture peripherals is also considered as a tool for the manipulation of images.


The negative binomial model is widely used to describe the distribution of site accident frequencies. In studies of accident data over two time periods, or of two accident types, or in conflict analysis, it is useful to have a bivariate model. Senn and Collie recently proposed the use of a bivariate negative binomial model. Whilst this is appropriate for some applications, there are others for which it is too restrictive, in that the two true mean accident rates are taken to be perfectly correlated. This paper puts forward a new and more general bivariate negatove binomial model and shows that the parameters can be estimated quite easily.


A light emitting diode module, a light emitting chip disposed on a substrate according to the technical features of the present invention; And an optical lens that is disposed to surround the light emitting chip on the substrate, the optical lens, comprising: a can, has a groove (groove) for housing the light emitting chip therein, and a body portion having a top surface of the dome shape, the the supporting portion of the ring-shaped protruding from the lower body portion; and including, the optical lens may be surrounding the top surface and side wall of the light emitting chip shape.


A49 year old female with learning disability and 2 years history of epilepsy was admitted following a siezure like activity and fall during a routine visit to her GP surgery. She had sustained injury to left knee and xray confirmed a distal femur and a patellar fracture. On admission her serum glucose was 2.0 mmol, all other routine blood tests including Full Blood Count, Renal function and Liver function test were normal. Her regular medications included Lamotrigine and Mebeverien. On the ward she had recurrent spontaneous hypoglycaemic episodes requiring regular treatment with glucose infusions. The lowest capillary blood glucose recorded was 1.9 mmol. Due to the learning disability, patient could not describe any symptoms usually experienced at the onset of hypoglycaemia. Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) was 19.0 mmol (Ref range: 2041 mmol) indicating lower than normal average glucose. Random cortisol and thyroid function test were normal. She underwent left knee exploration and repair of medial retinaculum of quadriceps tendon and excision of patellar fragment. While awaiting results of further investigations, Diazoxide was initiated with good effect. The results of the specific biochemical investigations for her recurrent hypoglycaemia were consistent with endogenous hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (Table 1).


Group activities like group dance, military parade, or radio gymnastics have excellent ornamental value with its grand scale and uniform movements, while it also introduces difficulties in practice for coaches to monitor and correct the movements and locations of each participator. Wireless body area network (WBAN) is a promising direction for accurate motion tracking in large-scale group activities. Light-weight sensors can be deployed on participant bodies and transmit motion and channel sensing data through wireless spectrum for further analysis. To keep the high quality of service (QoS) of the WBAN on group activity monitoring and correction, three aspects should be achieved by careful designing: (i) less energy consumption; (ii) higher analysis accuracy; and (iii) lower feedback latency. Due to the low-rankness of motion and channel sensory data, we propose GroupCoach, a Compressed Sensing (CS) based group activity monitoring and correction system. The data is collected and reconstructed by CS, where the spatial and temporal stabilities of group activities are explored for a higher reconstruction accuracy. These reconstructed sensory data are further compared with their anchor values for faulty movement detection and correction. The channel attenuation caused by body shielding is reduced by a near-to-far diffusion model with the consideration of the body impact factor. The correction suggestions are finally fed back to sensors for guidance. Evaluations based on the prototype deployed on real group activity participators prove the high QoS of the GroupCoach. It achieves low sensor energy consumption, high data reconstruction accuracy, accurate faulty motion detection and correction, together with fast alert.


Discloses the use of a pressure-sensitive control, which controls respond differently to different pressures exerted on the stylus by the digitizer. User interaction with displayed controls may modify the control to a heavier or lighter by the weight of the speed, increment, or other characteristics. And an input device into account the position and pressure information may use embodiments of the present invention, it includes a computer with a mouse or a pressure sensitive digitizer tablet, PDA or a tablet computer. Can be used to increase the pressure behavior of controls include scroll bars, spinner controls, resize handles, buttons, pull-down menus, and so on.


The final program reservation mode out of the various reserved programs is stored in a microprocessor. If the present time is not set and the reservation mode is set, the system is switched to a time setting mode automatically. After the present time is set completely, the reserved program is performed.


This work investigates practical methods to ease training and improve performances of neural language models with large vocabularies. The main limitation of neural language models is their expensive computational cost: it depends on the size of the vocabulary, with which it grows linearly. Despite several training tricks, the most straightforward way to limit computation time is to limit the vocabulary size, which is not a satisfactory solution for numerous tasks. Most of the existing methods used to train large-vocabulary language models revolve around avoiding the computation of the partition function, ensuring that output scores are normalized into a probability distribution. Here, we focus on sampling-based approaches, including importance sampling and noise contrastive estimation. These methods allow an approximate computation of the partition function. After examining the mechanism of self-normalization in noise-contrastive estimation, we first propose to improve its efficiency with solutions that are adapted to the inner workings of the method and experimentally show that they considerably ease training. Our second contribution is to expand on a generalization of several sampling based objectives as Bregman divergences, in order to experiment with new objectives. We use Beta divergences to derive a set of objectives from which noise contrastive estimation is a particular case. Finally, we aim at improving performances on full vocabulary language models, by augmenting output words representation with subwords. We experiment on a Czech dataset and show that using character-based representations besides word embeddings for output representations gives better results. We also show that reducing the size of the output look-up table improves results even more.


To evaluate the fatigue life of tower crane,research the load status of tower crane.Ascertain the engineering type of tower crane,the engineering type reflects the lifting characteristics and busy degree.On the basis of understanding the engineering,establish the correspondence engineering file that can record the basic load status of tower crane: record a survey of the engineering,the lifting loads and theirs frequency etc;use zooming coefficient method and weighted correction method to evaluate,dispose and revise the record datum.At last accurately ascertain the load status of the engineering that tower crane experienced.The recording method is simple and viable;the quantum method is also simply operated; so the method that the paper put forward pioneers a new way for the accumulation of the load status of tower crane,and it is best for the normative management of the tower crane.


This paper describes the use of the OPTO-22 Programmable Automation Controller (PAC) Learning center in the undergraduate control systems course at California State Polytechnic University at Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona). The OPTO-22 PAC System is an integrated system of hardware and software used for industrial control, remote monitoring, and data acquisition applications. The paper compares the pros and cons of using a PAC versus Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) systems. The paper introduces the flowchart based programming environment used in PACs. The paper includes an illustrative example of how the OPTO-22 PAC system can be interfaced to an industrial based Mechatronics pick-and-place robot station. This example details the input/output interfaces of the OPTO-22 PAC unit and the SUN Equipment Mecahtronics pick and place robot unit. Details of the flow chart programming and I/O interfacing protocols are given in the paper. The I/O configuration dialog in the OPTO-22 PAC development environment are also presented in this paper.


HSA preparations for i.v. use are administered in critically ill patients. Although increasing intravascular osmotic pressure seems to be a pathophysiologically orientated treatment, clinical trials do not indicate a benefit for mortality in HSA–treated patients. Instead, there is evidence for inflammatory reactions upon infusion of different HSA batches. A neglected issue concerning the safety and quality of these therapeutics is processing–related post–transcriptional protein modifications, such as AGEs. We therefore tested the hypothesis that commercially available infusion solutions contain AGEs and studied whether these protein modifications influence outcome and inflammation in a murine model of sepsis induced by CLP. Screening of different HSA and Ig preparations in this study revealed an up to approximate tenfold difference in the amount of AGE modifications. Application of clinically relevant concentrations of CML–modified HSA in CLP led to increased inflammation and enhanced mortality in wild–type mice but not in mice lacking the RAGE. Lethality was paralleled by increased activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF–κB, NF–κB–dependent gene expression, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the peritoneal cavity. This study implies that infusion solutions containing a high load of the AGE–modified protein have the potential to activate RAGE/NF–κB–mediated inflammatory reactions, causing increased mortality in experimental peritonitis.


This article considers novel methods for evolving species in a standard generational evolutionary algorithm. Unlike other methods, these methods replace the concept of distance between individuals with tag bits that identify the species to which an individual belongs.


This communication describes a convenient route to optically active propylene carbonate by a catalytic kinetic resolution process resulting from the coupling reaction of CO2 and racemic epoxides using simple chiral SalenCo(III)/quaternary ammonium halide catalyst systems.


Use of both carbon fiber (CF) and glass fiber (GF) at the same time to strengthen existing flexural members was exploited. Using a proper volumetric GF / CF ratio, the CF can rupture first followed by subsequent rupture of GF at higher stress and strain showing a pseudo-ductile behavior. A theoretical study indicated that the ratio is 4.62 : 1 and higher where the pseudoductile effect can be shown. Flexural tests of plain concrete beams strengthened using fibers were first carried out. Hybrid FRP sheet using 8.8 : 1 ratio was then fabricated and the sheet was used to strengthen reinforced concrete beams. The RC beams strengthened using 1-ply and 2-ply hybrid sheets both revealed increased strength over a non-strengthened beam and ductile flexural behavior. A comparable beam strengthened using CF also showed increased strength but with limited ductility.


Squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE) is a strong topical sensitizer that lacks mutagenic properties. It has been used as an allergen in the topical therapy of patients with alopecia areata, with 50% to 90% of such patients responding.1-5Since SADBE immunotherapy usually requires a prolonged period of treatment, it would be helpful to know which factors affect treatment outcome. Several previous studies1-4mention some factors, but most of them lack detailed statistical comparisons of patients' responses to therapy with regard to prognostic factors. Thus, we investigated the efficacy of topical immunotherapy with SADBE in patients with alopecia areata using an uncontrolled study and evaluated the relative importance of various prognostic factors in treatment outcome. Materials and Methods. A total of 48 patients (16 males and 32 females; age range, 6-57 years) with alopecia areata involving more than 25% of the scalp were evaluated. They included 31 patients with patchy


Kabul - A campaign to remove land mines in Afghanistan has reduced by half the number of people maimed and killed by the devices each month, officials said Tuesday.


This is a report on a case series of five patiens with psychosis in Parkinson's disease who were treated successfully with an intramuscular injection of ziprasidone (10–20 mg) for acute agitation. No deterioration of motor function or other clinically relevant side effects were seen. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Earlier this month I was updating my understanding of potential climate change impacts on the conditions that lead to flooding – principally the likely changes to future rainfall intensities and duration. What is clear is that although our ability to predict future climate is improving, the basic messages remain the same. These are that in a world of climate warming, extreme events are likely to get more intense and more frequent, but that the scale and rate of change remain very uncertain. Other factors, such as population growth, expansion of megacities, poverty, energy and a general scarcity of key resources, of course, add to the challenge of climate change. When taken together, the scale of the task for future flood risk managers is indeed daunting. However, as our recent Journal papers demonstrate, there are common threads emerging on which to build that important future. The first of these is that flood risk measures based entirely on hard engineering features are unlikely to prove sustainable. There are a number of reasons for this. In an uncertain future, the measures taken now will need to adapt as that future unfolds. Measures that cannot adapt may prove redundant, even in the short term. Also, single solutions may not deliver the benefits that a suite of smaller but integrated solutions might deliver. And thirdly, structural measures will need to work in harmony with nonstructural solutions, recognising the important part that active community engagement in flood risk management might play. When the Journal was first launched, some of these concepts were in their infancy. It would not be true today to describe all of them as having reached maturity. Indeed, we are still struggling to deliver some of the more radical concepts, for example, how to equitably deliver schemes that involve the managed retreat of communities from areas at high risk of flooding. We are pleased to have published the outcome of some ground breaking research and innovative demonstration projects in the pages of this Journal over the last few years. These open up many possibilities to meeting the future challenges outlined above. Yet there is still much to do. The concept of social equality in flood risk management has yet to be fully developed. We have not satisfactorily addressed how to deliver some flood risk management measures in the poorer communities of the world. And given the projected rate of population growth, largely concentrated around the poorer communities in the mega cities of the world, how do we avoid the explosive growth of shanty towns that are so vulnerable to flooding? We must harness the energy of all professionals working in flood risk management. Innovation will be needed, where traditional approaches are challenged and new ideas welcomed. Innovation does not come naturally. Even in the research world, working practices often do not incentivise innovation, whilst in professional practice it can be actively discouraged in favour of more "secure" solutions. The importance of publishing case studies and demonstration projects alongside more academic research papers, is that it demonstrates to all the benefits that can be delivered through innovation and the sharing of knowledge. Therefore if we, as flood risk managers, are to play our part in shaping the future of the world, we need to share our experience on the practical delivery of flood risk measures as well as reporting the outcome of scientific research. As Editor, I very much hope that in our coming issues we will learn more about how innovation might practically be implemented. After all, our goal is not just to improve scientific knowledge, but to make a real difference to the future of society.


A series of novel silicon-containing fluorene polymers has been prepared by carbon–silicon (C–Si) coupling between fluorenyl Grignard reagents and dichlorosilanes, and their optical and thermal properties have been studied. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this paper, we study periodic linear Volterra systems on periodic time scales which include not only discrete and continuous dynamical systems but also systems with a mixture of discrete and continuous parts (e.g. hybrid dynamical systems). We discuss the relationship between the solution of the Volterra integro-dynamic system and the limiting equation of the corresponding system. We also develop integrability conditions of the resolvent of Volterra integro-dynamic systems.


By the application of the crossing paper electrophoresis, antigen-antibody reactions could be detected on the filter paper. Antiserum was applied on a line on the anodic side of the filter paper and antigen was applied on a line drawn obliquely to the former on the cathodic side. By the electrophoresis, the antiserum was separated into its components and crossed over by the antigenic proteins. Antigen-antibody precipitates occurred in the zone of γ-globulin of the antiserum.The line of precipitate formed by the reaction of egg albumin with its homologous antiserum was dissolved and moved, if excess of egg albumin had crossed with it. The antiserum obtained in the earlier stage of immunization, however, showed a line of complex, which was not dissolved by the excess of egg albumin. The complex was suspected not to be precipitate. Thus it was inferred that the anti-egg albumin antibody of the earlier stage would be "incomplete", which would become complete precipitin afterwards.The cross reactions of the anti-hen's egg albumin with heterogenous antigens, egg albumins of duck, goose, guinea hen, and quail, could also be deteced.By the crossing paper electrophoresis of bovine serum and its rabbit antiserum, at least 6 lines of pricipitate were detected. Two-dimensional application of the method was also carried out: The antiserum alone was first separated on a line in the first dimension. Then the antigenic bovine serum was applied on a line vertical to the first one. And the second electrophoresis was carried out to the 2nd direction vertical to the first one. The proteins of bovine serum migrated into the zone of γ-globulin of the antiserum to form lines of precipitate. By the two-dimensional technique, however, the sensibility of the method could not be raised. A comparison with the technique of Garbar's immunoelectrophoresis was made.The cross reactions of the anti-bovine serum rabbit antiserum with heterogenous antigens, human, swine and goat serum, were detected by the method.


Abstract Introduction/Background A paediatric rheumatology multi-centre survey was conducted to understand the impact of COVID-19 on services and provide useful learning points that could change future practice. The survey focused on clinicians' views of the pandemic. The aim of this study was to gather the perspectives of young people regarding the results of the initial survey. This was done via a group discussion with members of the national youth advisory panel for adolescent rheumatology – Your Rheum. It is important when evaluating service provision that not only the clinician's perspective but the patient's voice is heard. Description/Method The initial survey was sent, in August 2021, to Consultants in all UK paediatric rheumatology centres, to the paediatric rheumatology trainees network and to the JIA topic specific group members via email. 20 staff responded (17 consultants and 3 trainees at registrar level) across the 4 UK nations. Results of the survey showed changes to the frequency of blood monitoring (n = 17), an increase in disease flares (n = 4) with all respondents reporting changes to the type of consultation used with a large increase in the use of virtual consultations. Increases in clinic waiting lists due to capacity issues were also reported (n = 7). 15 respondents reported changes in steroid usage for flare management with more ward based steroid injections performed and an increase in the use of oral steroids due to theatre unavailability. The online discussion group held with 'Your Rheum' members consisted of 9 Young People (YP) aged between 12-24 years. The discussion group was facilitated by a research assistant, paediatric rheumatology trainee and a consultant paediatric rheumatologist. A number of statements with Agree/Disagree/Unsure options were provided with an opportunity to vote on each statement. A follow up discussion was held after each statement around the issues raised. The online tool Mentimeter was used to form a word cloud on YP experiences of the pandemic which was followed by breakout rooms to facilitate further small group discussions. Discussion/Results In contrast to the survey results which revealed that clinicians perceived that YP preferred virtual (telephone or video or combination of both) consultations, young people in 'Your Rheum' varied in their responses with the majority of comments describing that it depended on the clinical context (if unstable or stable disease) with virtual appointments being preferable when their disease was stable. YP also reported issues with virtual appointments including difficulties with phone signal, not being able to obtain a specific time for appointments (varied time slots), issues for YP with hearing difficulties as well as one YP commenting it is "easier to lie to the doctor and just say everything is going really well". Negative points raised with face-face appointments included longer waiting times and the time spent travelling to appointments. The majority of young people agreed that changes to the normal pattern of blood monitoring was concerning as this could lead to a possible increase in flare of conditions. Specific comments including accessibility to appointments was difficult during the pandemic with the additional fear of getting COVID-19 if attending the hospital for blood monitoring. YP used a variety of words to explain their experiences of rheumatology services during the pandemic including: 'rushed', 'frustrating', 'stressful', 'virtual', 'chaotic', 'poor communication', 'inaccessible' but also 'COVID safe'. Key learning points/Conclusion Young people with rheumatic diseases offered different insights to the initial clinician survey findings highlighting the importance of considering their opinion as well as that of professionals when considering service provision and evaluation. Flexibility is essential for young people and a hybrid approach with virtual/face to face appointments is key. Overall YP prefer face-face but are willing to have virtual consultations depending on the nature of issues needing addressed and the stability of disease. Experiences of poor communication between YP and health professionals/hospital has always been a theme in their experiences to date but has worsened since COVID-19. YP within this group discussion preferred to have blood monitoring performed at regular frequencies (similar to pre-pandemic) but did have concerns about getting COVID-19 by attending these appointments during the pandemic. It is important that YP are encouraged and reassured about attending appointments whilst ensuring COVID-19 safe precautions.


The present study aimed to investigate the influence of microRNA-4649-3p on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell proliferation and how it regulated SHP-1 expression. The online software TargetScan was used to predict the microRNAs targeting SHP-1 and identified that miR-4649-3p was one of the possible miRNAs targeting SHP-1. Subsequently, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the expression level of miR-4649-3p and SHP-1 mRNA in different NPC cell lines. The miR-4649-3p mimics and inhibitors were transfected into NPC cells and cell proliferation was examined by the MTT assay. The SHP-1 expression level was determined by PCR and western blot analysis. Lentivirus containing the SHP-1 gene and miR-4649-3p mimics was co-transfected into the NPC cells and cell proliferation was detected by the MTT assay. The expression level of miR-4649-3p and SHP-1 mRNA was negatively correlated in the NPC cell lines. miR-4649-3p mimics suppressed NPC cell proliferation whereas miR-4649-3p inhibitors promoted NPC cell proliferation. The SHP-1 expression level was suppressed when transfected with miR-4649-3p mimics in NPC cells. The miR-4649-3p inhibitors increased SHP-1 expression. The luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-4649-3p directly targeted SHP-1 by binding to the 3'-untranslated region of SHP-1 mRNA. Overexpression of SHP-1 inversed the inhibited effect of miR-4649-3p mimics on cell proliferation. In conclusion, miR-4649-3p inhibits cell proliferation by targeting SHP-1 in NPC cells.


Piezoelectric properties of the recently developed lead-free (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Ti0.9Zr0.1)O3 (BCZT) ceramics has been improved by suitable additives. In the present study, different tetravalent additives (SiO2, GeO2, MnO2 and CeO2) have been added to BCZT ceramics and their effect on phase structure and piezoelectric properties of BCZT ceramics have successfully been investigated. X-ray diffraction spectra of BCZT-0.08 wt.% XO2 (X = Si4+, Ge4+, Mn4+, and Ce4+) ceramics showed the diffusion of additives into the BCZT lattice and form a single-phase perovskite structure. SEM micrographs showed dense microstructure with homogeneous distribution of grains of size ∼ 10 - 13 µm. CeO2 added BCZT ceramics showed high remnant polarization Pr ∼ 12 µC/cm2 and a low coercive field Ec ∼ 1.6 kV/cm compared to other BCZT-0.08 wt.% XO2 (X = Si4+, Ge4+ and Mn4+) ceramics. Excellent piezoelectric properties (d33 ∼ 675 pC/N, g33 ∼ 14 mV.m/N, and kp ∼ 60%) were observed for the CeO2 added BCZT ceramics, which is the highest val...


The notion of converged service is based on the integration of traditional telecommunications features and Web 2.0 services. Today this concept is given special attention by the telecommunications service providers as a mechanism that allows them to expand their service portfolio and have greater market dynamism. However, these services present new challenges from the management point of view, which makes necessary to have ongoing monitoring mechanisms that allow detecting Quality of Service (QoS) constraint violations and thus, ensure proper operation. This paper introduces a monitoring scheme for converged services that is based on QoS constraints, and facilitates converged service fault-handling and operational management. It also provides an implementation through a sample converged service, which demonstrates its performance and applicability to this type of services.


This paper presents a method to project quantitatively the possible impacts of climatic change on mountain forests at high temporal (annual cycle), spatial, and qualitative resolution. It allows linkage from global scenarios simulated by climate models through local climatic scenarios to stand-specific forest models. The method was applied to four representative sites in the Alps using the CCC-GCMII climate model, a statistical procedure to downscale GCM-output to the regional scale, and the forest patch model FORCLIM. Sharply contrasting forest responses were observed within short distances under the same 2xC0, scenario of radiative forcing. While some forest simulations produced only small changes in tree species


Coon Carnival troupes gyrate through the city: Heppy Nuwe Djaar, says Achmat Adams, of the Jolly Johnson Troupe, at the Coon Carnival at Hartleyvale today. This picture was taken by staff photographer Dana Le Roux after the gaily dressed troupes had marched exuberantly through the streets of the city on their way to the carnivals at Hartleyvale and Athlone.


Several mineral rhizotoxicities, including those induced by A13+, H +, and Na +, can be relieved by elevated Ca 2+ in the rooting medium. This leads to the hypothesis that the toxic cations displace Ca 2+ from transport channels or surface ligands that must be occupied by Ca 2+ in order for root elongation to occur. In this study with wheat (Tr i t i cum a e s t i v u m L.) seedlings, we have determined, in the case of AP+, that (i) Ca 2+, Mg z+, and Sr 2+ are equally ameliorative, (ii) that root elongation does not increase as Ca 2+ replaces Mg 2+ or Sr 2+ in the rooting media, and (iii) that rhizotoxicity is a function solely of AP + activity at the root-cell membrane surface as computed by a Gouy-Chapman-Stern model. The rhizotoxicity was indifferent to the computed membranesurface Ca 2+ activity. The rhizotoxicity induced by high levels of tris(ethylenediamine)cobaltic ion (TEC3+), in contrast to A13+, was specifically relieved by Ca 2+ at the membrane surface. The rhizotoxicity induced by H + exhibited a weak specific response to Ca 2+ at the membrane surface. We conclude that the Ca2+-displacement hypothesis fails in the case of AP + rhizotoxicity and that amelioration by cations (including monovalent cations) occurs because of decreased membrane-surface negativity and the consequent decrease in the membrane-surface activity of A13 +. However, TEC 3 +, but not AP +, may be toxic because it inhibits Ca 2+ uptake. The nature of the specific H + C a 2+ interaction is uncertain.


Project-based learning facilitates hands-on learning in student-driven investigations, resulting in high-quality, challenging activities. Students participate actively in projects that revolve around their interests, questions or needs. PBL also develops the 21st century skills including critical thinking, collaboration and communication. The essence of PBL is problem-solving, a key critical thinking skill. Since problem-solving is an integral part of medicine, projects represent a significant method of instruction in English for Medical Purposes. Depending on their individual interests and abilities, each student contributes to the whole group work and the final outcome. The approach also requires students to work in teams and to communicate their findings. Using real-life problems to motivate students, challenging them to think deeply about meaningful content, and enabling them to work collaboratively are practices that yield benefits for all students and their future careers. Acta Medica Medianae 2012; 51(2):50-55.


Co‐coordinated nitrogen‐doped carbons have been reported as highly active catalysts to oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cell. Two CoN4‐graphene catalysts with a hybrid structure of single Co atom embedded into pyridinic‐N and pyrrolic‐N doped graphenes, respectively, were studied. The detailed thermodynamic and kinetic behavior of the ORR on these two models was performed by DFT calculation. The results showed that both the two CoN4‐G models possessed ORR activity. However, CoN4‐G(A) catalyst showed higher catalytic activity but the CoN4‐G(B) showed higher 4‐electrons selectivity. On CoN4‐G(A), both 2‐electrons and 4‐electrons pathways were feasible. Along the 4‐electrons pathway, the OH reduction step was the thermodynamic and kinetic rate‐determining step with the limiting potential of 0.43 V and a barrier of 0.42 eV. The formation barrier of H2O2(ads) was 0.61 eV which was easy to overcome. Then the 2‐electrons pathway was also possible. On CoN4‐G(B), only 4‐electrons ORR pathway was favorable. The most favorable reaction channel was arranged as: O2 → OOH → 2OH → OH + H2O → 2H2O. The limiting potential of 4‐electrons pathway was 0.35 V. The second step was the kinetic rate‐determining step with the barrier of 0.86 eV.


We prove a theorem that gives a sufficient condition for the full basic automorphism group of a complete Cartan foliation to admit a unique (finite-dimensional) Lie group structure in the category of Cartan foliations. Emphasize that the transverse Cartan geometry may not be effective. Some estimates of the dimension of this group depending on the transverse geometry are found. Further, we investigate Cartan foliations covered by fibrations. When the global holonomy group of that foliation is discrete, we obtain the explicit new formula for determining its basic automorphism Lie group. Examples of computing the full basic automorphism group of complete Cartan foliations are constructed.


The paper proposes methods for designing business information systems on the basis of the most actual and sophisticated at the present moment information technologies – Web 2.0 and Cloud Computing. The purpose, essence, architectural components and the characteristics of those two technologies are presented with a special emphasis on their application in the design of business information systems. The requirements to the software needed for the design of business information systems are defined. Methods for designing business information systems are proposed correspondingly on the basis of Web 2.0 (Design methods through different patterns – SOA, SaaS, Participation – Mutual activity, Mashup, Synchronized Web, Structured Information, User multifunctionality) and Cloud Computing (Design methods for Network as a Service, Computing as a Service, Application as a Service).


The changing temperature requirements of Chesias legatella Schiffermuller during embryonic development are investigated. The eggs are laid in the autumn and embryogenesis is interrupted by a short diapause at the germ band stage, after which development proceeds slowly throughout the winter. The effects of temperature during the pre-diapause, diapause and post-diapause phases of development are assessed by examination of the rate and variability of morphogenesis through all the embryonic stages. An examination is presented of the effect of temperature during the late autumn on the rate and uniformity of diapause termination, and consequently on the length of the hatching period the following spring.


This paper explores the Cultural Sustainability of India by protecting, preserving and conserving the transparent, ethical and responsible model of ancient India with reference to Vedic literature, Upanishad and Kautilya's Arthashastra. Stories of sustainability and survival deal with land, justice, foreign policy, war and environment through the ages. The Constitution of India upholds the cultural identity of India intact and is largely responsible for cultural and social sustainability of India at present. Besides, India must not – in the rat race for surviving and thriving after the "Brundtland Report" of 1987 – forget the ancient knowledge of sustainability, values and principles, the middle path of Lord Buddha and treatise like Chanakaya Neeti. Hinduism, a way of life also acts as the pillar for social, economic and environmental development. The paper emphasises on events, policies and pacts where it went wrong in history and the cultural sustainability of India that acted for its survival. The paper through different examples concludes that inclusive and tolerant culture of India revamp the sustainability in general and cultural sustainability in particular, helping India survive and thrive in the world carving a niche for her.


The concept of Institutional is not new source of civilisation. Institutional Building has been considering a major aspect of building of a society. No society can grow its fundamental institutions are well establish every society try to build its basic organ and consider their building blocks of social development. If a society tries to grow and expand because of effort made institution than any by particular individual sustainability, perpetuality are the major features of a sound institution. If one goes through history great society & nations are the result of contribution by various institutions to the advancement of society. An institution is a live body & major, consignments of the society, which works for its own development as well as development of the society. The success or failure nation depends on success or failure of its associated institutions. Hence, it's become useful to study really grow and development of the study.


6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was isolated and partially purified from the thermophilic fungus Penicillium duponti and the mesophilic fungus Penicillium notatum. The specific activities of the p...


In this paper algorithms are presented to extract lane markers and their properties from monoscopic camera images. A filter approach that takes into account the visual appearance of the markers is presented. Another contribution constitutes the measurement of physical marker width and length from perspectively distorted images using only the calibrated camera images. Also distances between markers can be estimated. All algorithms are independent from a specific lane model.


Late Old Irish lenition and the modern Gaelic verb traces the development of lenition from Old Irish sources (such as the 8th- and 9th-century Wurzburg and Milan Glosses) through the medieval period into the modern era. The dialect maps of the modern Gaelic languages in Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man are examined in minute detail and 19 new maps are also provided. The particles ro, no and do 'geminated' in Old Irish (by analogy with the negative particle ni < Archaic Old Irish nis). In late Old Irish, however, these particles merged with the leniting neuter infixed pronoun a to produce the innovatory series of preverbal ro, no, do and ni leniting – although in Modern Irish ni of the copula retains older ni 'geminating' (now 'h + vowel'), as does the archaic negative of the passive in certain Munster and Galway dialects.The ever-increasing popularity of lenition as a relative marker from late Old Irish onwards is also examined and used to explain the current distribution of secondary lenited independent forms tha in Scotland, Waterford and, more recently, Dingle (in the light of accompanying lenited forms dh'ol 'drank' and mharbh(uighe)adh 'was killed') as opposed to non-lenited ta, d'ol and marbh(uighe)adh in other areas of the pan-Gaelic world, such as Connaught, Ulster and the Isle of Man. Chapters are dedicated: to Rathlin Gaelic, as a frontier dialect between East and West; to explaining the occurrence of Middle Irish tuc, tainic and tarla as lenited thug 'gave', thainig 'came', tharla 'happened' in the modern era; while another chapter looks at the dating implications of the various developments during some thirteen centuries of historical Gaelic philology. The work may be said to be an admixture of linguistic geography and geology and will be of interest to the historical linguist in Celtic Studies and further afield.


Effects of ambient levels of snail grazing on rates and direction of benthic algal succession were investigated in experimental chambers located near two lakes. Benthic algal environments were manipulated by introducing snails (15 individuals/m2) to flow-through experimental systems (for 26-28 d) where clay tiles were colonized with algae from littoral lake water from Douglas Lake, Michigan, and Kentucky Lake, Kentucky. We found that algal succession was not always evident in ungrazed conditions; but when successional changes were evident, many different growth forms were observed among early and late succession species. Early succession species were typically non-motile unicellular or colonial growth forms, whereas late succession species were motile unicellular or filamentous diatoms and cyanobacteria. Grazing by the snail Elimia livescens arrested succession of non-diatom algae by selectively removing the overstory of filamentous cyanobacteria. However, grazing by E. livescens enhanced succession among diatoms by selectively grazing the early succession diatoms and leaving small motile late succession species. Whether grazing enhanced or arrested succession, or changed the direction of succession, was dependent upon growth forms of early and late succession algal species, which varied among habitats and corresponding species assemblages.


A series of fenofibric acid ester pro-drugs (JF-1-7) were synthesized. The pharmacokinetic properties of these pro-drugs were examined after oral administration to rats at a dose of 20 mg kg to evaluate the relative bioavailability in rats. The bioavailability of the ester compounds, JF-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, was significantly higher than that of fenofibrate. In particular, JF-2 proved to be most promising. The oral administration (20 mg kg) of JF-2 showed a relative bioavailability of approximately 272.8% compared to fenofibrate.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the potential as well as the limitations of user behavioral and technical approaches in potable water savings in typical high‐density urban housing estates in Hong Kong.Design/methodology/approach – The approach used was a review of the lessons learnt from the case study of two housing estates that had participated in the CIWEM HK Water Saving Competition 2009. The overall effectiveness of user behavioral and technical measures was reviewed by studying targeting, strategy setting, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation mechanism.Findings – The behavioral approach appears to be a promising one to achieve substantial water savings and has a potential for wide application in Hong Kong; detailed cost‐benefit analysis should be carried out to assess the cost‐effectiveness of water‐efficient technologies and devices.Research limitations/implications – The number of cases is limited, and is selected from a finite set of estates that had participated in the...


We present novel concepts to formalize and apply non-functional requirements (NFRs) for business processes in the context of Service-Oriented Architectures (SOAs). Today, popular languages for modeling business processes do not support the specification of NFRs in a systematic manner. However, there is a strong demand to explicitly address such requirements when designing and deploying software systems. In this paper, we elaborate an extension for BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) towards the modeling of NFRs. A key feature is the tool independent representation of NFRs, which will be achieved by applying the widely used WS-Policy standard. Our approach also covers the mapping of the speci- fied NFRs to the technical level represented by BPEL (Business Process Execution Language). For the monitoring of NFRs we exploit techniques from Complex Event Processing (CEP). A key characteristic of our solution is its coherence: from NFRs modeling at design level to their technical enforcement and dynamic validation during execution. The feasibility of our approach has been demonstrated by a proof of concept imple- mentation based on NetBeans, Glassfish ESB, IEP as CEP implementation, and the BPEL Service Engine. Keywords-Non-functional requirements, Business process, BPMN, BPEL, SOA, WS-Policy, Web services, Quality of service


Over the past decade, the wireless world has experi enced significant developments. The emergence and pof radio frequency networking products, wireless devices lik e handheld, wearable and portable computers, Person al Digital Assistants (PDA)s, cellular phone have given rise to a kind of wireless revolution. A mobile ad hoc network is mu ch more assailable to attacks than a wired network due to its limited physical se curity, high mobility and lack of centralized admin istration. In this paper, we present and analyze the effects of re-shuffling att ack on TCP based mobile ad-hoc networks named as Pa cket Re-Shuffling. In the packet reshuffling attack the malicious node will rthe packets in its FIFO buffer before forwar ding them towards their destination. Due to the out of order delivery the rtime out of the packet is triggered a nd the source TCP and UDP has to retransmit the packet. In this way it also stops th e TCP to perform the congestion avoidance technique . A malicious node will always participate in route setup operations. For example, if source routing is employed, malicious nodes alw ays relay Route Request packets in order to have as many routes as possible flowing through themselves; if distance vector routing is employed, malicious nodes will also obey all control-plane protocol specifications . However, once a route is established, attacking n odes will thwart the end-to-end throughput of the flow via above mentioned attacks. The effect of the proposed attack is analyzed with the simulation results generated using the trial version of the simulator known as E xata Cyber 2.0. The simulation results are given in terms of metrics such as data flow throughput, Packet Retransmission, average end -to-end delay and packet delivery ratio. In this p aper, we are giving The study on UDP and TCP.


A fully integrated dipole antenna with a balun for ultra‐wideband (UWB) radio in the band 6–9 GHz utilizing a flexible and rigid printed circuit board is presented in this article. The balun utilizes broadside‐coupled microstrips and is integrated in the rigid part of the printed circuit board, whereas the radiator is placed in the flexible part. The antenna with the balun covers the frequency‐band 6.0–8.5 GHz at voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) < 2.0, and 5.5–11.0 GHz at VSWR < 2.5. Moreover, simulated and measured radiation patterns and antenna efficiency above 86.0% are observed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:180–184, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25656


This paper presents particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the position of sparse arrays. Under the condition that the aperture is 34 wavelength and the number of array elements is 35, we compared the optimization results of the side lobe level of the array by genetic algorithm (GA) with that by PSO. The simulation results show that PSO algorithm has better effect than GA.


For driving a three-phase inductive load short circuit fault processing system multi-level inverter bridge restoration, the system is saturated before the switch off command, waiting for the switch to saturation, based on a predetermined time delay or waiting for the switch before saturation damage time ends, the system and artificially generates a dead short across the output three-phase, to force conducting the fault current in the switching desaturation. During a fault, the delay through the inverter bridge disconnected and desaturation occurs, to increase the statistical likelihood of switching life.


Calculation of energy absorption in tissue containing uniformly distributed isotopes requires knowledge of the emitted photon energy and the absorption fraction, ratio of energy absorbed to energy emitted. The energetics of most iso topes are known with greater precision than usually required. Although absorp tion coefficients are also known with more than enough precision (1, 2), calcula tion of the absorption fraction has long proven difficult because of the character of the integrations required for nonspherical volumes. For the sphere the prob lem is sufficiently tractable to have been the subject of several papers (3, 4, 5, 6, 7). In addition a limited number of other problems have been solved including: a few cubes, a series of two liter cylinders and one model patient, all for a uni formly distributed source in a medium with absorption coefficient ¡i= 0.028 cm"1 (3); a table of values for cylinders of 11 lengths and eight radii and


There was an extremely interesting and ingenious article by Mr. Howarth on Night and Bay in the April issue of Southerly, but as the actual facts are inconsistent with the conclusions, I feel that it is advisable to put them on record. Mr. Howarth argues from internal evidence that Night d- Bay was written before The Voyage Out. This is not the case. The Voyage Out was published in 1915. It was the first novel which Virginia Woolf wrote, and it was practically completed in its final form in 1913. She had been at work on it for many years and had rewritten it several times. At the end of 1913 she became seriously ill and had a mental breakdown. During 1914 she became slowly better, and at the end of the year seemed to have recovered, though she did little or no writing. Early in 1915 she had a relapse and she was critically ill for months. Then again she slowly recovered. By 1916 she was able to work, but the illness from which she suffered all her life was acute neurasthenia, and any prolonged strain or fatigue was dangerous. Consequently when she again began to write in 1916, she was allowed to write only about an hour a day, but by the end of 1916 she was able to do more than that and often, I think, wrote for two or three hours a day.


A propos de : Jefferson Cowie, Stayin' Alive : The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class, 2010.


The most significant maintenance cost over the life of a gas turbine is replacement of hot section components when they reach the end of their useable life. Advanced repair technologies allow the extension of gas turbine component life without a negative influence on the gas turbine availability and without an increasing risk of machine failure. Refurbishment of hot section components can be carried out by OEMs in their repair shops or by independent repair companies. However, when the repair work is to be done in an independent workshop, it is a prerequisite that the operators ensure that financial benefits outweigh possible technical risks and that they have a sound knowledge of gas turbine materials, coating and repair technology.


The authors present a numerical three-dimensional time-domain method which is used to study the nonlinear wave diffraction by a vertical bottom-mounted cylinder. The flow evolution is computed using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme. Laplace`s equation for the velocity potential is solved by a boundary element method. The free-surface conditions are applied on the actual water surface, the pressure on the cylinder is integrated over its actual wetted surface. The authors compute the nonlinear diffraction of steady periodic waves compute the nonlinear diffraction of steady periodic waves by a fixed surface-piercing circular cylinder. The prediction of the horizontal force acting on the cylinder is in good agreement with experimental observations and other numerical results.


In recent years, major security data such as research data and confidential documents have been leaked to the outside due to the carelessness of the companies and research institutes performing IT related services such as information technology projects and research and development of financial institutions, companies and public institutions is. Leakage cases are caused by leakage of personal information due to lack of security management of information system maintenance companies, such as unauthorized leakage or storage of related materials in outsourcing service process. In this paper, we analyzed the types and management status of service business through the environmental survey of corporate informatization business and analyzed the problems in development and maintenance using external service companies. Furthermore, in this paper, we provide an information system service that focuses on the business activities based on the items considered, and at the same time, it provides the informatization service for companies that can prevent infiltration of viruses and hacking from the outside. This paper presents a methodology for enhancing security for the system construction.


A new application in the nano-biosensing field gives proof that the coupling of nanofabricated wires exhibiting memristive electrical characteristics and DNA-aptamers, may provide definitely innovative nano-bio-sensors for ultrasensitive label-free detection of cancer biomarkers, as well as, for effective screening of therapeutic compounds. This scheme, paves the way to a holistic approach where both the diagnosis and therapeutics can be taken into consideration.


With the rapid development of international economics globalization, networking and being knowledgeable , the enterprises of our country are in the face of such new tendency of transformation. How to quicken the development of ourselves and how to promote the competitiveness of enterprises seem particularly imperative and important. Enterprises culture build - up is the developing direction of strengthening enterprises key competitiveness in new economic era. How to go out of the mistaken idea and avoid detours for modern enterprises of our country; how to make the surging culture of modern enterprises of our country meticulously and how to meet the new tides of the international economy. All of the above are discussed in this article.


Two forms of an alpha-2-globulin (a lipoprotein) have been isolated from individual human plasmas. They are the same in amino acid and lipid compositions, but they differ in trans-membrane transport activities and in their in vivo activities. The form from control subjects, which is nonhelical in conformation, seems to be devoid of biological activities. The other form is from patients with schizophrenia, has variable ff, and promotes trans-membrane transport of tryptophan. From biophysical measurements on pooled samples, the apparent S20.w = 0.46 and 0.44 for the patients' sample and the control sample, respectively. The apparent D20, w = 1.25 and 1.22, respectively, for the two forms. With v = 0.968, the molecular weights from the Svedberg equation were found to be 263,500 ± 2,500. With a 20% protein content, the protein moiety is close to 53,000 Daltons, which is much less than that for many other lipoproteins. With [η] = 0.0264, the helical conformation is globular in shape and nearly spherical. For the nonhelical conformation, [η] = 0.0369, which signifies an increased molecular asymmetry. In amino acid composition this alpha-2-globulin is different from the β lipoprotein (LDL) and from the HDL-1, but it is quite similar to that of the HDL2.


1
Sonication, freezing and thawing, treatment of mitochondria with Tween-Span surfactants and other procedures applied to isolate ferrochelatase from the liver mitochondria showed that the most active in releasing the enzyme was the combined action of Tween 20 at a final concentration of 15 mg/ml and sonic irradiation on the mitochondrial suspensions, previously subjected to freezing and thawing.

2
A 20–40 fold purification of the enzyme was achieved by ammonium sulphate fractionation and chromatography on dextran gels of "solubilized" ferrochelatase.

3
Variations of the yield of the release of ferrochelatase from the mitochondria suggest that the localization of the enzyme within the mitochondrial structure is heterogeneous.


When faced with a taboo stressor, people might have desires for support yet feel reticent to seek assistance from others. This study contextualizes desires for support by theorizing that they are directly associated with the support people seek and indirectly associated with what they receive. There may be discrepancies among any of these perspectives, and we expand research on support gaps by considering the existence and outcomes of deficits or surpluses in the support people desire, seek, and receive. A community sample (N = 205) completed a survey regarding a taboo marital stressor. Respondents desired more support than they sought or received (i.e., support deficit) but received more support than they sought (i.e., support surplus). These discrepancies and their outcomes varied by type and source of support. Whereas deficits in support mostly decreased reappraisal of a taboo stressor, support surpluses mainly enhanced reappraisal. Implications for research on supportive communication are discussed.


We present a new system for the estimation of note attributes from a live monophonic music source, within a short time delay and without any previous knowledge of the signal. The labelling is based on the temporal segmentation and the successive estimation of the fundamental frequency of the current note object. The setup, implemented around a small C library, is directed at the robust note segmentation of a variety of audio signals. A system for evaluation of performances is also presented. The further extension to polyphonic signals is considered, as well as design concerns such as portability and integration in other software environments.


In this study, a real-time and real-space time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is applied to describe nonlinear electron–photon interactions during a resonant femtosecond laser pulse train photoionization of a Na4 cluster. The effects of key pulse train parameters, such as the spatial/temporal pulse energy distribution, pulse number per train, pulse separation and pulse phase on resonant absorption, are discussed. The calculations show that the resonant effect and the nonlinear electron dynamics, including energy absorption, electron emission, dipole response and ionization probability, can be controlled by shaping the ultrafast laser pulse train.


The processes of globalization and postmodernism are important determinants of the integration of the European Union countries in the field of ensuring security. Ensuring security of the European Union countries requires the creation of an integrated security system of these countries. This study is concerned with the theoretical analysis of an important factor - disponible (available) groups - in ensuring security of the European Union. These groups were defined as professional or volunteer response forces of a military, paramilitary and non-military nature.Two possible ways of integrating national disponible groups into the developing security system of the European Union ensuring its military as well as non-military security were analyzed. The success of integration of the national security systems of the European Union countries into the security system of the European Union depends not only on the elites - national (local) and transnational, but also on the transformation of citizens of national (member) states into citizens of the European Union - European citizens.


A special kind of soliton configuration in the Skyrme model with baryon number {ital B}=2 is investigated. After quantization, the mass spectrum is found to possess some peculiar properties, although it is still in agreement with experiments. Further studies show that it is impossible to construct a similar soliton configuration with {ital B}=1,3,5,{hor ellipsis}.On the other hand, such solutions exist when {ital B}=0,4,{hor ellipsis}and they also possess the aforementioned peculiar properties. It is worthwhile to note that the {ital B}=0 configuration is just the famous Hopf's soliton.''


There are obvious differences between democracy and the ide a of thinking highly of common people in Confucianism.The democracy ensure human r ights of common people with the objective system which can remedy the defect of political philosophy of Confucianism.But because of the defects existing in the process of democratization can't be eliminated by itself,We should select the es sence of Confucianism such as stressing human's self- cultivation,emphasizing on developing ability of cognizance and moral judgment to make up the faults which democracy contains.