DHDF (dynamic homogeneous dataflow) is the kernel of most graphic programming platform. For the natural data-driven property, the dynamic homogeneous dataflow can not work properly with the event-driven operating system, which leads to two demerits: one is inefficiency in CPU using, the other is low respond speed and poor in real time performance. An ECDF (event triggered concurrent dataflow) model and its formal description are presented in this paper. Based on multi-thread and event-triggered mechanism, the real time performance and execution efficiency of dataflow-based system are improved. The experimental results of a test system prove that the event-driven concurrent dataflow can ameliorate the performance of dataflow-based system to a certain degree in most conditions comparing with the dynamic homogeneous dataflow model. ECDF model is also suited for the Reactive systems design, and high-speed burst-data flow processing especially.


Objective To explore the correlation of gender gap between serumal high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 2054 health people(1431 male and 623 female) in our hospital by physical examinations,not including those who drank alcohol,smoke or were during pregnancy.Fatty liver was examined with abdominal ultrasonography.The hs-CRP,blood fat and glucose were measured by collecting venous blood.Incidence rates of metabolic syndrome(MS) and NAFID by sex-specific prevalence were also compared.Results Incidence rate of NAFLD was significantly different between males(27.7%) and females(21.7%,P0.05);blood pressure level,numbers of people who accepted anti-hypertensive and anti-hyperglycemic medication,and numbers of patients with MS in males were significantly higher than those in females(P0.05).When stratified by quartiles of hs-CRP(Q1~Q4),incidence rates of NAFLD were significantly increased with the increase of hs-CRP levels in both genders,and the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).Multivariant logistic regression analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between hs-CRP and NAFLD in males after adjustment of age and body mass index(BMI,P0.05);after adjustment of age,BMI and MS,hs-CRP was still significantly associated with NAFLD in females(P=0.025).Conclusion There is a significant difference between serumal hs-CRP and NAFLD in genders.The serumal hs-CRP may be suitable in diagnose as NAFLD in females.


The X‐ray transient source SWIFT J1753.5‐0127 was identified to be a galactic black hole from the results of the analysis of RXTE and XMM‐Newton data. We re‐analyze the entire observational data made by RXTE and XMM‐Newton to quantify the nature of X‐ray emission by studying the accreting disk structure. Detailed timing and spectral studies support that the accretion disk was receding away from the compact object as indicated by the diminishing value of the QPO frequency from its highest value ∼0.89 Hz to the minimum frequency (detectable). At the same time, the X‐ray source remained in the low/hard state tending to go to harder state.


If a telephone network is designed so that each junction route is dimensioned to the nearest circuit, then when the network is re-dimensioned some time later to cater for changes in point-to-point traffics the new design would probably show that most of the routes should be changed by at least one circuit. On the other hand, if the network is designed so that each route is dimensioned to the nearest preferred modular size (eg 5, 10, 15, 20, etc), then when the network is re-dimensioned some time later for changed traffics it is likely that only a small proportion of routes would need to be changed. This paper gives a comparison of circuit requirements and costs for a real metropolitan network configured with different choices of module size. The paper also includes comparative statistics for different choices of module size on the number of routes which would require a change in size at the time the network goes through successive stages of re-dimensioning to cater for the change in traffic with time. A strong case is made for the adoption of modular engineering as a design principle for metropolitan networks employing alternative routing.


A group of 5 lashed identical stream turbine blades is studied through the use of single level substructuring using NASTRAN level 15.1. An altered version, similar to DMAP Program Number 3 of the NASTRAN Newsletter, of Rigid Format 13.0 was used. Steady-state displacements and stresses due to centrifugal loads are obtained both without and with consideration of differential stiffness. The normal mode calculations were performed for blades at rest and at operating speed. Substructuring lowered the computation costs of the analysis by a factor of four.


Hormone induction in maturation and ovulation was carried out with spotted halibut (Verasper variegatus) which normally does not spawn spontaneously in captivity. Prior to spawning, females were treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG, 265~678 IU/kg BW), 17 α-hydroxy, 20 β-dihydroprogesterone (17 α 20 β OHP, 0.5~1.0 ㎍/㎏ BW) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue pellet (LHRHa pellet, 63-81 ㎍/kg BW). In all the trials, HCG injection succeeded in inducing ovulation at 265~300 IU/kg BW. HCG at 620 or 678 IU/kg BW was ineffective in inducing a good rate of ovulation. Final maturation and ovulation were not stimulated by treatment of 17 α 20 β OHP and LHRHa pellet. These results suggest that HCG injection (around 300 IU/kg BW) is more effective compared with LHRHa pellet implantation.


Exercise-price policy is perhaps the central design issue regarding nontradable Executive Stock Options (ESO). In this paper, we give the value line of ESO, V(P), and the range of the incentive-maximizing exercise prices which is defined as the exercise prices that generate incentives, en(P)/eP, within 1 percent of the maximum using the "certainty equivalence" approach, similar to that adopted by Richard Lambert et al.. Our results show that, holding constant the company's cost of making an option grant, incentives are maximized by setting exercise prices within a range that typically includes the grant-date market price.


A great deal of literature exists related to what an individual should do if they make technical errors at work, but what should they do if their supervisor or manager is the person making the mistake? This paper investigates the socio-cultural influences on the way engineers respond to the above scenario. Whilst research has been undertaken on leadership, manager-employee and supervisor-supervisee relationships in a variety of sectors including education, health care and hospitality, no such studies have been carried out in the engineering sector. Engineers, in general, are not aware on the importance of social and cultural dimensions of their work because they are not seen as a 'technical problem'. Engineering education is largely restricted to technical analysis and students learn very little on how engineering work is practiced. However, engineering education and engineering practice are very much interrelated. It is hoped that by better understanding of the work of engineers, further steps can be taken to improve the quality of engineering education, bringing it closer to engineering practice. Activities such as role-play could be used to engage students and better prepare them for the "real" world. Qualitative research methods used in this study are based on data from interviews and field observations with engineers in Brunei and Western Australia. This paper will discuss preliminary analysis of this data.


An electrical cable wiring head apparatus is provided to rapidly wire an electrical cable while more effectively restraining the electrical cable from floating. An electrical cable wiring head device of the electrical cable wiring head apparatus moves along a wiring surface of a wiring plate to wire an electrical cable on the wiring surface. The electrical cable wiring head device comprises: a head section supported rotatably about a rotary axis and provided with a guide recess for leading the electrical cable to the wiring surface, the guide recess being offset from the rotary axis; a head rotating mechanism for rotating the head section; a guide pushing member including a shaft portion and a roller portion provided rotatably on a distal end of the shaft portion, the guide pushing member being supported movably along the rotary axis; and a guide pushing member drive mechanism for reciprocating the guide pushing member.


This paper looks at the situation of workplace trainers in a very specific context: company-based training of apprentices as part of the vocational education and training (VET) system in Germany (and in Austria and Switzerland), which is organised according to clear legal regulations. It looks at the complexities involved in Germany's dual system, with state-run part-time vocational schools on the one side and companies (public and private) on the other sharing a joint educational responsibility, and offers plans for further research.


Electrical transformer insulation systems are evaluated based on economic, safety, and environmental standpoints using total life cycle analysis. Because of the inherent high efficiency of liquid-cooled transformer designs, new developments focus on improving the environmental and safety properties of fire resistant (less-flammable, high fire point) fluids. This article reports the latest findings on dielectric systems using natural ester (vegetable oil) fluids. Because esters naturally have lower oxidation resistance than mineral oils, a novel blend of base oils and additives were developed to overcome this potential handicap. Single- and three-phase prototype field installations using these new dielectric coolants are discussed.


Determining legislative intent is one of the key roles that the judicial system plays in Michigan, and legislative history can be a useful tool for evaluating the intent of the legislature when enacting a law. However, legislative history resources can be difficult to gather, and some resources may not be persuasive in Michigan courts. This article provides a brief description of the Michigan legislative process, the court's view of using legislative history to determine legislative intent, and a list of Michigan legislative history resources.


Combination of non‐nicotine pharmacotherapies has been underexamined for cigarette smoking cessation. A randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group double‐dummy study evaluated two medications, bupropion (BUP) and naltrexone (NTX), in treatment‐seeking cigarette smokers (N = 121) over a 7‐week treatment intervention with 6‐month follow‐up. Smokers were randomized to either BUP (300 mg/day) + placebo (PBO) or BUP (300 mg/day) + NTX (50 mg/day). The primary outcome was biochemically verified (saliva cotinine, carbon monoxide) 7‐day, point‐prevalence abstinence. BUP + NTX was associated with significantly higher point‐prevalence abstinence rates after 7‐weeks of treatment (BUP + NTX, 54.1%; BUP + PBO, 33.3%), P = 0.0210, but not at 6‐month follow‐up (BUP + NTX, 27.9%; BUP + PBO, 15.0%), P = 0.09. Continuous abstinence rates did not differ, P = 0.0740 (BUP + NTX, 26.2%; BUP + PBO, 13.3%). Those receiving BUP + NTX reported reduced nicotine withdrawal, P = 0.0364. The BUP + NTX combination was associated with elevated rates of some side effects, but with no significant difference in retention between the groups.


This qualitative study of four student teachers completing certification in elementary and special education investigated the classroom management practices of the student teachers. This is an important area of study because management practices are essential for an effective classroom, and student teachers often lack confidence and skill in the area of management. Data was collected through a survey, observations, audio transcripts of seminar meetings, and written reflections. Findings revealed that three of four student teachers struggled with implementing positive classroom management strategies and had difficulty establishing a strong teacher identity. As a result, those three did not challenge school-based educator (SBE) management practices even when they disagreed with their SBE. One student teacher had a strong teacher identity and navigated trying new strategies. Findings establish that the praxis of student teaching, including managing relationships with SBEs, may inhibit many student teachers' decision-making. Factors that affected teacher identity development included classroom climate and the relationships between student teachers and SBEs. Implications from this study: creating communities of practice in student teaching to support teacher identity development; recognizing that student teachers may not have fully developed teacher identities and therefore may not be ready to question SBE practices and decisions.


Environmental effects which were insignificant in the past, when the fewer concentrations of population or products of modern technology allowed the vast absorptive capacity of nature to act as a sink, are quite evident today--in the pollution of air or water, the overuse of potentially renewable fishing or forestry resources, or the wasteful extraction of non-renewable, mineral, resources. To contribute to an overall understanding of environmental issues, this paper sets out a general analytical framework encompassing the physical character of environmental problems, the behavioral factors that contribute to them, and the principal approaches to their prevention and correction.


Simple triplication is widely analyzed either as a static redundancy by itself or as an active core for dynamic redundancy. Its practical value was tested when it was used to protect the hardcore test and repair processor (TARP) of JPL STAR computer and the CPU of Guidance Computer for SATURN V. Two current techniques for using triplicated modules are TMR and TMR/Simplex. In this paper a set of dynamic decision techniques is proposed for better use of triplication, assuming Pr {system is in a specified failure mode | system has failed} is known for all failure modes of concern.


Bausch + Lomb and CROMA have donated 50,000 units of bromfenac sodium sesquihydrate (Yellox) to projects in Africa sponsored by Light for the World.


Background: Entomological indicators are essential to guide surveillance and control of vector-borne diseases. Indicators of Chagas disease vector surveillance such as infestation, colonization, and density depend on wide surveys performed by trained health agents that are difficult to maintain in endemic countries; now, surveillance is mainly based on community participation. Thus, the development of an index that aggregates variables of vectorial potential and occurrence and triatomine species may be useful. Objective: To develop an index for triatomine bug surveillance. Methods: The index was developed based on entomological surveillance data from the State of Bahia, Brazil, between 2006 and 2019. For each triatomine species, the following data were analyzed: a) relative abundance; b) geographic distribution, c) proportion of nymphs; d) Trypanosoma cruzi infection; e) human contact/ blood meal sources. Values were assigned to each of these variables and the sum of the values generated the index (TriatoIndex = Ti) that ranged from 0 to 15. Subsequently, the municipalities' Ti value was calculated, based on the sum of the Ti values of the species registered in each municipality. RESULTS: From the 26 species of triatomines in Bahia, 20 (77%) presented Ti <10. Triatoma infestans (15), T. sordida (14), T. brasiliensis (13), T. pseudomaculata (12), T. melanica (10), and T. juazeirensis (10) presented the highest values of Ti in the studied area. The Ti values in the municipalities in the central and northeastern regions of Bahia were high; these areas were considered hotspots for the occurrence of the main important vectors. Conclusions: The index presented takes into account the geographical distribution and vectorial potential of triatomines within the region. TriatoIndex is a promising tool for targeted surveillance of T. cruzi vectors.


INTRODUCTION The periosteum serves as a stabilizing boundary membrane to the bone it envelops and is known to contain pluripotent and osteochodroprogenitor cells. Periosteal cells have been shown to have the capacity to infill critical sized defects with proliferative woven bone within weeks of injury [1,2]. Critical sized defect healing has been shown to be maximal when cells egress from periosteum left in situ around critical sized defects [1], followed by cells egressing from periosteal transplants, or periosteum derived cells seeded on a collagen membrane, when encased by a flow directing periosteal replacement implant [3]. Recently, the material properties of the periosteum have been characterized providing information valuable to understanding the environment of the pluripotent and osteochondroprogenitor cells within the tissue [4]. Yet to date, the permeability characteristics of periosteum remain relatively unexplored, which provided the impetus for our study. Namely, we aim to measure permeability of fresh ovine femoral periosteum. We hypothesize that periosteal permeability depends on the volumetric flow rate applied across the tissue. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the permeability is anisotropic with respect to the direction of flow.


Studies related to the effects of ambient temperature on the performance of an air conditioning unit have been carried out for decades. However, specific study concerning the effect of varied ambient temperature under constant relative humidity has not been reported yet. This paper discusses the operating conditions and performance of an air conditioner with R32 and nominal capacity of 2.6 kW. The test was carried out in a controlled psychrometric chamber under constant relative humidity of 50% and varied outdoor air temperature from 24 to 38°C. The increase of outdoor air temperature affects the operating conditions of the air conditioner. Generally, if the outdoor air temperature increases by 1°C the evaporating temperature increases by 0.27°C. Meanwhile, refrigerant suction temperature, discharge temperature, and condensing temperature increase by 0.08°C, 1.08°C, and 1.04°C, respectively. Under the same tests, the cooling capacity decreases by 1% and power consumption increases by 1.6%. In addition, the energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioner decreases by 2.1% per 1°C increase of outdoor air temperature.


We propose the application of interval type–2 fuzzy decision making (IT2FDM) to dynamic scheduling of deliveries in a just–in–time logistic process. Delivery decisions are based on order priorities computed from the expected decrease of customer satisfaction for each order. We compare IT2FDM with first in first out (FIFO), earliest due date first (EDDF), and (type–1) fuzzy decision making (FDM). In a simulation of a real world process for a duration of 600 days IT2FDM in comparison with the three other methods yields the highest just–in–time delivery rate, the highest average customer satisfaction, and the highest percentage of very satisfied customers. The increasing percentage of very satisfied customers at the same time leads to a slightly increasing percentage of not satisfied customers, but the trade– off between these percentages can be balanced by an appropriate choice of the risk parameter.


Diarrhea which is a common clinical symptom of patients with AIDS influences the quality of patients' life significantly.The pathogenesis of AIDS related diarrhea lies mainly in the spleen with losing transport because of splenic asthenia as the most common syndrome type.To prevent or treat it with comprehensive therapy of strengthening spleen and replenishing Qi and moxibustion can help to alleviate the symptoms,improve the quality of life,maintain the immune function of the body and slow down the steps of the development of the disease.


The CERN Proton-Synchrotron (PS) accelerator is currently equipped with two internal beam dumps in operation since the 1970s. An upgrade is required to be able to withstand the beams that will be produced after the end of the LIU (LHC Injector Upgrade) project. For the design of the new dumps, the interaction and transport of beam and all secondary particles generated has been simulated using FLUKA. The working principle of the PS internal beam dump is peculiar compared to the other beam dumps in the CERN accelerator complex: a moving dump intercepts the circulating beam during fewmilliseconds similarly to a fast scraper. The moving dump shaving the beam, the multi-turn transport of beam particles in the PS accelerator, and a time-dependent energy deposition in the dump were modeled. The methodology used in the FLUKA simulations and the comparison with experimental results are presented.


[1] By analyzing global data, we find that over large scales, surfaces of constant nitrate are often better aligned with isopycnals than with isobars, particularly below the euphotic zone. This is unexplained by the movement of isopycnal surfaces in response to eddies and internal waves, and is perhaps surprising given that the biological processes that alter nitrate distributions are largely depth dependent. We provide a theoretical framework for understanding the orientation of isonitrate surfaces in relation to isopycnals. In our model, the nitrate distribution results from the balance between depth-dependent biological processes (nitrate uptake and remineralization), and the along-isopycnal homogenization of properties by eddy fluxes (parameterized by eddy diffusivity). Where the along-isopycnal eddy diffusivity is relatively large, nitrate surfaces are better aligned with isopycnals than isobars. We test our theory by estimating the strength of the eddy diffusivity and biological export production from global satellite data sets and comparing their contributions. Indeed, we find that below the euphotic zone, the mean isonitrate surfaces are oriented along isopycnals where the isopycnal eddy diffusivity is large, and deviate where the biological export of organic matter is relatively strong. Comparison of nitrate data from profiling floats in different regions corroborates the hypothesis by showing variations in the nitrate-density relationship from one part of the ocean to another.


A study of 60 femoral prosthetic components removed after 1-20 years allowed us to study the behaviour of the metallic surface in real life conditions. Changes were observed exclusively in cemented prostheses. They consisted of corrosion phenomena characteristic of the components of steel EN 58 J and 316 S, and wear phenomena secondary to mobilisation. The latter were observed in steel components as well as in those in Co-Cr alloy. The areas of corrosion in the steel prostheses were characteristically distributed, indicating a combination of causal factors, including an insufficient capacity of passivation of the metal and the particular situation of the cement-to-metal interface.


This research aims to: study the reviews of visitors to the Saisuddha-Nobhadol Museum., Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. And to compare the opinions of visitors with the visit to the Museum classified by personal factors. The sample consisted of 200 visitors. The tools used in the research were questionnaires and data analysis. The statistics used were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation. The t-test was used for independent variables. There were two groups of one-way ANOVA for two independent variables. The finding shows that:1) The opinions on the visits to museums in all aspects were at a high level. When considering each aspect, it was found that the most significant aspects were Service personnel, followed by management and operation of facilities, facilities and facilities. And the activities / performances in sequence.2) Samples with different occupations. Have a look at museum visits. In the field of activity / performance differences. There was a significant difference in the .05 level among occupational groups.Different types of visitors. Have a look at museum visits. In terms of management and implementation. Personnel service provider and the place. Equipment and facilities vary. There was a significant difference in the .05 level among foreign visitors.


Box girder, due to its high torsional stiffness, is very appropriate for railway and highway longmedium span bridges. This type of cross section, subjected to transversely non-uniform loads, present warping and distortion phenomena. Accurate but time-consuming numerical procedures are available for determination of further strains and stresses caused by cross-section deformation. In this paper warping and distortion of box girders is evaluated through BEF analogy, by writing a 4 th


The method of operating a controller interface and an interface for a controller (64) has a display (114), a plurality of manual user input mechanisms (106-112) for receiving user input, a processor (404), and memory (406). The interface includes an actuation mechanism (104) configured for receiving an actuation by a user and a user interface module (100) coupled to the input mechanism for receiving an indication of an actuation of the actuation mechanism by the user. The user interface module (100) is configured to receive one or more of actions from either a user input mechanism or a soft key module (116) and store the received one or more actions, and to execute the stored one or more actions in response to receiving the actuation indication.


The purpose of the study was to determine whether the immunoblotting method can be used to detect native rapeseed lipase in different fractions of rapeseed enzymic extracts of low-erucic Bolko variety and high-erucic Skrzeszowicki variety. Antigen-lipase for production of polyclonal antibodies against the native lipase of rapeseed was obtained after Sephadex G-100 gel separation of supernatant proteins obtained by centrifuging (23 000g x 30 min) the enzymic extract from rapeseed of Bolko variety. In the enzymic extracts (crude enzymic extract, fraction of lipid bodies, microsomal fraction) from the germinated seeds of both rapeseed varieties the affinity to the obtained antibodies was found in the protein fractions with electrophoretic mobilitis corresponding with to those of proteins with the molecular weight of 97 kDa, 84 kDa and 65 kDa-64 kDa-62 kDa.


The present contribution is part of the ongoing work aimed at researching and identifying the original material on which the names of Orobanche Linnaeus (1753: 632) described for Europe and the Mediterranean are based (Domina et al. 2005, Domina & Stepanek 2009, Domina et al. 2013, Carlon et al. 2015). It falls within the researches promoted by the Italian Botanical Society aimed at recognizing and typifying all the taxa described from Italy and their loci classici, in order to increase their systematic knowledge and promote further studies (Domina et al. 2012, Peruzzi et al. 2015, Brundu et al. 2017). Orobanche ebuli Huter & Rigo (1907: 354), is an Italian endemic (Peruzzi et al. 2015, Bartolucci et al. 2018), exclusive to Lazio and Abruzzo. It grows on the edge of beech woods at 1200–1300 m a.s.l., host of Sambucus ebulus Linnaeus (1753: 269) (Lattanzi et al. 1999, Corazzi 2003). This name, as far as we are aware, it not yet typified.


We present the results of an X-ray follow-up campaign targeting 10 weak-lensing (WL)-selected galaxy clusters from a Subaru WL survey. Archival Chandra data exist for two of the clusters, and we obtain dedicated observations of the remaining eight. The WL clusters appear to fit the same scaling relation between X-ray luminosity and temperature as X-ray-selected clusters. However, when we consider the luminosity–mass relation, the WL-selected clusters appear underluminous by a factor 2.1 ± 0.5 (or, alternatively, more massive by 1.7 ± 0.3), compared to X-ray-selected clusters with X-ray-based mass estimates. By considering the effects of the centroid offset, Eddington bias, and triaxiallity, this difference can be reconciled. We use X-ray imaging data to quantify the dynamical state of the clusters and found that one of the clusters appears dynamically relaxed, and two of the clusters host a cool core, consistent with Sunyaev–Zel'dovich-effect-selected clusters. This fraction is much lower than observed in X-ray-selected cluster samples.


Abstract We consider a class of phase-type distributions (PH-distributions), to be called the MMPP class of PH-distributions, and find bounds of their mean and squared coefficient of variation (SCV). As an application, we have shown that the SCV of the event-stationary inter-event time for Markov modulated Poisson processes (MMPPs) is greater than or equal to unity, which answers an open problem for MMPPs. The results are useful for selecting proper PH-distributions and counting processes in stochastic modeling.


The object is to make a tool for a Swedish steel company Fagersta AB to select appropriate ingredients for charges of high-grade steel, specified with regard to weight and percentage of certain chemical elements.

The problem is modelled as a traditional blending problem, with additional constraints expressing that some of the variables must be integer valued. The algorithm used was designed at the Contract Research Group for Applied Mathematics, Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. The implemented system is available from the time-sharing terminal of the company and has completely replaced the former manual calculations. About two runs are made every day and the results are directly used in the production process. A substantial improvement in profitability has been demonstrated. The cost for raw materials has been decreased by roughly 6%, which corresponds to $200,000 per year, and the planning work has been considerably simplified.


THE DRESDEN CONFERENCE. In I893 was held at Dresden the last International Sanitary Congress, at which were represented Germany, AustriaHungary, Belgium, Denmark Spain, France, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, Luxemburg, liontenegro, the Netherlands, Portugal, Roumania, Russia, Servia, Sweden and Norway, Switzerland, and Turkey. England was professionally represented by Dr. Thorne Thorne, the Medical Officer of the Local Government Board, to whose able advocacy of medical inspection the Conference in a great measure owes its successful results. Three committees were appointed-the first to deal with the duties of a Government when cholera appeared in a country, the second to deal with the measures necessary to prevent cholera entering a country or spreading from one part of a country to another, while the third devoted itself to the Danube traffic. The convention was finally signed by the delegates of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, Russia, Switzerland, Luxemburg, Montenegro, and the Netherlands. This Convention, which will of necessity exercise a powerful influence upon all sanitary regulations of this country will last for five years from the date of ratification. It will be renewed every five years by tacit consent, unless renounced by one of the high contracting parties six months before the expiration of this term. Such renunciation will affect only those countries which shall have notified. The Convention will remain in force for the other States. Although the agreement arrived at does not establish a perfect system it marked a prodigious advance, and it must not be forgotten that there were great difficulties to be overcome and many prejudices to combat which could only be met by concession whenever possible without sacrificing the broad general principles involved. The keeping under observation of healthy persons arriving in infected ships was thus agreed to by England on the distinct understanding that this in her case would not involve any actual detention but would be covered by the forwarding of the name and address to the sanitary authorities of the district to which they were about to proceed. Shortly after this protocol had been signed a Bill was prepared to abolish quarantine in this country, but, owing to the change of Government and various other difficulties, it was not until September, I896, that the Public Health Act became law. By this act the powers of the Privy Council to -deal with cholera, yellow fever, and plague were transferred to the Local Government Board, who were thereby empowered to make regulations for the various sanitary authorities concerned. These regulations now in force practically extend the cholera regulations with certain modifications to these three diseases. If a vessel is found to be infected by the officer of Customs, she is reported to the medical officer of health, who detains her and deals with her at his discretion. He has, moreover, the power of boarding any vessel for the purpose of ascertaining whether she is so infected without the previous intervention of the Custom authorities. Thus for England quarantine has been formally abolished, ;and our protection henceforth against the importation of infectious disease will be medical inspection, without any vexatious detention of a healthy vessel merely because she has arrived from an infected port. This shortly has been the history of quarantine in this country, and it now remains for time and experience to demonstrate to other countries the value of our system in order to induos them to accept the same conclusions. With many this will be readily brought about, while others will have more difficulty in arriving at the same opinions.


An experimental validation of a recent statistical model [Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 336 (1994)] is reported. The analysis is focused on the transverse components of the velocity structure functions, and extend previous tests conducted only on longitudinal velocity components.


OVERVIEW Medicare provides near-universal coverage for seniors and is an important source of health insurance for individuals with disabilities; however, many beneficiaries face gaps between the care they need and costs covered by Medicare. Most beneficiaries either participate in Medicare Advantage (a managed care version of Medicare that offers reduced cost-sharing) or seek supplemental coverage to meet this gap, including private plans offered by former employers or purchased individually, or public coverage through Medicaid. These options have different cost-sharing arrangements, with Medicaid, employer-based plans, and Medicare Advantage plans offering the greatest protection against high outof-pocket spending.1 However, despite high rates of supplemental coverage, median out-of-pocket spending as a percent of income among Medicare beneficiaries was 17% in 2007.2 Since rural beneficiaries are more likely to purchase supplemental indemnity coverage individually, to participate in Medicaid, or to go without supplemental coverage altogether,3 it is likely that their out-ofpocket spending differs from those of urban residents, although the magnitude and direction of these differences may vary for individual beneficiaries.


Between 1950 and 1971 Birmingham City Council built 464 housing blocks of five or more storeys. The city pursued parallel programmes of building high-rise flats both in the central areas on slum cleared land and in its suburbs on greenfield sites. Examining Birmingham's post-war suburban housing programme, this article suggests that the use of high-rise in suburban areas represented an important change in the nature of British cities, both in the use of a particular building type on the urban fringe and also in the location of high-density workers' housing far outside of the city core.


A UK Association of Chief Ambulance Officers' report, Ambulance 2000: Proposals for the Future of the Ambulance Service (1990), maintainened that "Ambulance service records show far too many instances of premature retirement through ill health and premature death due to stress related illnesses" (p. 19). The report recorded that the "intense pressure" results in few ambulance staff reaching retirement age without significant sickness or premature retirement on medical grounds. It drew attention to increased incidence of burnout among ambulance staff, brought on by service demands, rationalizing staff rosters, higher training levels, and increased responsibilities. As well as urging greater attention to improved recruitment and selection and increased awareness by management and staff of ways of identifying stress and developing coping strategies, it called for enhanced recognition of the role of accident and emergency ambulance teams. This chapter explores a number of the issues raised in this report by reviewing available literature on topics related to stress and coping among ambulance service personnel. For the covering abstract see ITRD E108674.


Sustainability reporting is a financial reporting concept in banks that provides information covering economic, social and environmental aspects by taking into account the sustainability of the bank's business, so that the bank becomes an environmentally friendly bank and gains social legitimacy from stakeholders. This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of green accounting on CSRDi and financial performance, the effect of financial performance on CSRDi, green accounting on CSRDi with financial performance as an intervening variable, and how the concept of green accounting on CSRDi and financial performance at Islamic Commercial Banks in Islamic perspective. . This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis and path analysis. Population and sample in this study are all Islamic Commercial Banks for the period 2015-2018 that meet the criteria. The dependent variable (X) is green accounting with the dummy method, the independent variable (Y) is CSR disclosure with the G.R.I 3.0 version of the CSR disclosure indicator, and the intervening variable (Z) is financial performance calculated using the ROA ratio. The results of this study are green accounting has a positive and significant effect on CSRDi and financial performance, financial performance has a positive and significant effect on CSR In, financial performance is not an intervening variable on green accounting for CSRDi, green accounting for CSRDi on BUS is in accordance with the Islamic perspective both in implementationandassessment.

Keywords: Green Accounting, Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRDi), Financial Performance, Return On Assets (ROA)


Moral hypocrisy is a behavior that someone does things with no real good motives and is afraid to pay the "price". It's an important research field in modern moral psychology. Moral hypocrisy theories include: psychoanalytic theory,value orientation theory,social learning theory,cognitive dissonance theory and dual theory. Factors that affect moral hypocrisy are individual factors,situational factors,social and cultural characteristics. The study of moral hypocrisy can help people to reflect the behavior of the "double standards",the current direction on disengagement between moral cognition and moral behaviors. Future research on moral hypocrisy need to be done from many perspectives,such as localization and cross-culture. This paper summarizes the related knowledge of moral hypocrisy,to provide reference for future researchers.


The inability of liquid metal ion sources (LMIS) to operate at low dc emission currents limits their performance. We briefly describe a model that explains why LMIS have a minimum dc emission current (Imin) and also predicts Imin as a function of the temperature and the properties of the liquid metal. The model predicts that Imin=217+0.744T(nA) for gallium LMIS, where T is the temperature (K). Measurements of Imin for gallium LMIS between 30 and 890 °C are in reasonable agreement with the model. A better fit to this data, however, is given by Imin=1187 exp(−0.026/kT)(nA) where k is Boltzmann's constant (eV/K). Below 30 °C, Imin drops precipitously—values as low as 380 nA have been measured at temperatures as low as 25.8 °C. This drop is attributed to a supercooling effect that is not accounted for in the model. Imin is also calculated for 17 pure-elemental LMIS at their melting points, and found to vary from 10 nA for mercury to 1.0 μA for aluminum. Imin is measured to be much lower for bismuth LMIS than ...


Based on the cost analysis of the operation mode of the traditional substations with operators on duty,the paper decomposes the full life-cycle cost in the mode of integrated dispatching and supervisory control in terms of the full life-cycle theory.By analyzing the incremental cost,income and profit,the model of full life-cycle cost of integrated dispatching and supervisory control management is built up.In addition,its economic benefit is evaluated and the break-even point is also obtained.Finally,the integrated dispatching and supervisory control project is proved economical in practice.


The quality concept involves all activities ensuring that a product meets all fabrication requirements. The quality tests validate the performance of a product to perform reliably its tasks. In this paper, we present the implementation of a software solution for tests used in statistical control. We designed an application for either personal computer or mobile phone that will improve procedures for quality engineering.


The mixed diaryl titanates were used for the first time to modify the reactivity of two aryl Grignard reagents. Two titanate intermediates, Ar[Ar'Ti(OR)3]MgX and Ar'[ArTi(OR)3]MgX, formed via alternating the sequence of combining Grignard reagents with ClTi(OR)3 showed a significant reactivity difference. Taking advantage of such different reactivity, two highly structurally similar aryl groups could be facilely assembled through iron-catalyzed oxidative cross-couplings using oxygen as the oxidant.


Forty-four Bacillus spp. strains obtained from sugar cane derivates and residues, six of them isolated in this work, were tested using Tween 80 as substrate (agar-Tween 80 medium), in order to determine their esterase activity through the enzymatic index averages. After statistic analysis, B. cereus (C124) strain, which presented better results, was submitted to genetic improvement by treatment with ultraviolet light (UV). The survival curve pointed out 28" as the time necessary to obtain 30% of survivors. Fifty survivors and the wild strain C124 were compared in relation to their esterase activity as mentioned previously. The wild strain and the mutant C124UV35, which showed enzymatic index average higher than C124, were characterized in polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Eletrophoretic patterns for total proteins of wild and mutant strain showed different profiles according to number, position and intensity of bands. For esterase, the bands varied only in  intensity.


Since the discovery of giant magnetoresistance a great effort was made for the investigation of field-induced transitions in magnetic multilayers with antiferromagnetic exchange between magnetic layers. Two peculiarities increase the complexity of this problem. At first, the exchange energy, the anisotropy energy, and the Zeeman energy are of the same order of magnitude. At second, the values of critical fields strongly depend on the number of magnetic layers (finite size effect). Despite of a long time history of these investigations the method of analytical calculation of finite size effect is absent. In the present paper the regular method of analytical calculation of critical field values in antiferromagnetic multilayers is developed. The method is based on the using of finite difference technique. Heisenberg and biquadratic exchange interactions and uniaxial anisotropy are taken into account. Using this technique we investigate the field-induced transition from angle phase to the ferromagnetic phase for arbitrary number of magnetic layers. Exact analytical expression of the critical field value is obtained. This expression shows that critical field monotonically increases with increasing layers number. The dependence of critical field value on magnetic field orientation is discussed. Also the investigation of the stability of antiferromagnetic phase under the action of external magnetic field is made. It is shown that in this case the behavior of magnetic superlattice depends on the parity of layers number. For the even layers number the value of critical field does not depend on the layers number. For the odd layers number the value of critical field depends on the orientation of magnetic field with respect to the orientation of magnetization in the boundary layers. If external magnetic field is directed along the direction of magnetization in the boundary layers the value of critical field is decreased with increasing layers number. If external magnetic field is directed in the opposite direction the value of critical field is increased with increasing layers number. To elucidate the physical mechanism giving rise to the difference in critical field values a numerical simulation was made. It shows that difference in critical field values is concerned with nucleation of the surface spin-flop phase near the surface of magnetic superlattice if the external magnetic field has the opposite direction with respect to the orientation of magnetization in the boundary layer. As external magnetic field is increased the surface spin-flop phase spread out over full volume. Thus the surface spin-flop phase serves as mediator between antiferromagnetic and angle phases and it explains the difference in critical field values. The possible use of developed technique for the investigation of field-induced transitions in ferrimagnetic multilayers is discussed.


In May 2004, the US-CERT Control Systems Security Center (CSSC) was established at Idaho National Laboratory to execute assessment activities to reduce the vulnerability of the nation's critical infrastructure control systems to terrorist attack. The CSSC implements a program to accomplish the five goals presented in the US-CERT National Strategy for Control Systems Security. This report summarizes the first year funding of startup activities and program achievements that took place in FY 2004 and early FY 2005. This document was prepared for the US-CERT Control Systems Security Center of the National Cyber Security Division of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). DHS has been tasked under the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to coordinate the overall national effort to enhance the protection of the national critical infrastructure. Homeland Security Presidential Directive HSPD-7 directs federal departments to identify and prioritize the critical infrastructure and protect it from terrorist attack. The US-CERT National Strategy for Control Systems Security was prepared by the National Cyber Security Division to address the control system security component addressed in the National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace and the National Strategy for the Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructures and Key Assets. The US-CERT National Strategy for Control Systemsmore » Security identified five high-level strategic goals for improving cyber security of control systems.« less


PURPOSE: To mount the multistage cascading filter on a printed circuit board without requiring a wide area by fixing plural filter elements to be cascaded on both sides of the central partition plane of a frame body provided with an almost H-shaped cross section. CONSTITUTION: A ground pad 4, input pad to be connected with the input/output terminal of a duplex mode crystal filter element 1a to be mounted on this plane and output pad 6 are exposed 1 separately one and another on the plane in a recessed part on the front side of an intermediate partition 3 of a frame body 2 provided with the H-shaped cross section. At the same time, the respective pads 3, 5 and 6 are passed through the side walls of the frame body 2 and respectively connected through semicircular recessed leads 7, 8 and 9 provided on the outside walls of the frame body to respective lead terminals 10, 11 and 12 on the back bottom of the side wall of the frame body 2. On the other hand, the ground pad, input pad 14 to be connected with the output side terminal of a duplex mode crystal filter element 1b and output pad 16 are mutually separately exposed in the plane on the back side of the partition 3, and the respective pads 13, 14 and 15 are connected through the frame body 2 to leads 7, 9 and 16. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO&Japio


Talents play a key role in the west open-up policy of China,which is the common sense of the western people. On the basis of analyzing the current condition of Qinghai's talent resources, this article puts forward some measures about how to develop the talents of Qinghai. First,make the creative new ideas as guide,to develop the talent resources by using new working train of thought and methods. Second,strengthen education and raise the quality of the whole talent group. Third,by using the market mechanism to promote the rational floating of talents and make an effective use of the talents. Fourth, combine it with practical situation, and stabilize the present talents. Fifth, innovate bravely,and introduce into talents from the outside.


Most studies of family burden have been conducted in developed countries, thus it is important to conduct studies in developing countries, namely Egypt.Aim of the study: To evaluate the psychosocial burden among caregivers of schizophrenic patients.Subjects and Methods: A total of 120 schizophrenic patients attending the outpatient Clinic of Zagazig University Hospital with their primary caregivers, using Caregiver Strain Index (CSI), Caregiver Self Assessment Questionnaire (CSAQ), Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Scale of Depression.Results: High level of burden was found mainly among caregivers of disorganized type followed by catatonic type, also high levels of anxiety and depression in disorganized type followed by catatonic type.Conclusion: Schizophrenia is associated with high level of burden on caregiver. So effort should be made to alleviate the burden for better outcome in both patients and caregivers.


The spectrographical method allows the rapid and semiquantitative determination of Nb, Sr, and Ba in carbonatites. Elements of the iron group are determined by comparison with the diffusion line L alpha 1 of the anticathode of W, used as internal standard. The method allows the determination of concentrations in the range from 0.01 to some% with a relative precision of 30% and in matrices of very different compositions. (auth)


The root cause of the most common and serious of the sleep disorders is impairment of breathing, and a number of factors predispose a particular individual to hypoven- tilation during sleep. In turn, obstructive hypopneas and apneas are the most common of the sleep-related respiratory problems and are caused by dysfunction of the upper airway as a conduit for airflow. The overarching principle that underpins the full spectrum of clinical sleep-related breathing disorders is that the sleeping brain modifies respiratory muscle activity and control mechanisms and diminishes the ability to respond to respiratory distress. Depression of upper airway muscle activity and reflex responses, and suppression of arousal (i.e., "waking-up") responses to respiratory disturbance, can also occur with commonly used sedating agents (e.g., hypnotics and anesthetics). Growing evidence indicates that the sometimes critical problems of sleep and sedation-induced depression of breathing and arousal responses may be working through common brain pathways acting on common cellular mechanisms. To identify these state-dependent pathways and reflex mechanisms, as they affect the upper airway, is the focus of this paper. Major emphasis is on the synthesis of established and recent findings. In particular, we specifically focus on 1 ) the recently defined mechanism of genioglossus muscle inhibition in rapid-eye-movement sleep; 2 ) convergence of diverse neurotransmitters and signaling pathways onto one root mechanism that may explain pharyngeal motor suppression in sleep and drug-induced brain sedation; 3 ) the lateral reticular formation as a key hub of respiratory and reflex drives to the upper airway.


Objective: A naturally occurring larvicidal compound is an alternative to eradication of Aedes aegypti larvae. This compound is toxic to larvae but relatively safe for human. Rhizome of Lempuyang gajah (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) J. E. Smith) has been used traditionally to prevent mosquito bites. An initial study indicated that petroleum ether (PE) soluble fraction of the methanol (MeOH) extract of Z. zerumbet was toxic against larvae lethal concentration (LC50), 67.01±2.35 versus 153.57±4.01 ppm (MeOH ext.). Therefore, this study aimed to isolate and identify the compounds with larvicidal activity from Z. zerumbet rhizome.Methods: The PE soluble (PE-soluble) fraction was subjected to a bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation method to obtain four (4) fractions (I-IV). Two compounds (1 and 2) were isolated from Fraction I that was the most active compared to other fractions (II-IV). Compound 1 turned out to be more active than compound 2; therefore, compound 1 was then identified by means of spectroscopic data.Results: Based on the LC50 values, compound 1 was more active than compound 2 (LC50, 41.75±0.05 and LC90, 57.66±3.37 [1] versus 1122.27±1.80 and 1875.69±1.35 ppm [2]), and compound 1 was identified as Zerumbone.Conclusion: Zerumbone was the main active compound; in the future, this compound can be formulated as a standardized preparation based on the content.


Purpose
This study aims to analyze the International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management (IMEFM) publication structure based on broad criteria including citations, authors, institutions, countries, papers and keywords using the Scopus database over a period of 12 years.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the bibliometric technique is used to analyze the advancement of IMEFM. Bibliometrics is a research field of library and information science that studies bibliographic material with quantitative methods.

Findings
The results show a steady increase in the citation and publication structure of the IMEFM. That reflects its developing stature as a key academic outlet. The journal is advancing knowledge in Islamic finance and management research.

Practical implications
This study presents a macro view of the journey of IMEFM over the past 12 years. That presents the audience with an opportunity to understand the trend and focus of the journal.

Originality/value
Bibliometric analysis contributed to the theoretical development of the IMEFM journal in the following ways. First, it describes the evolution and intellectual structure by identifying and classifying the most common themes in the journal. More specifically, this analysis underscores two important milestones: IMEFM has emerged as a robust academic outlet, and its comprehensive focus on Islamic finance and other related areas. Furthermore, the bibliometric analysis of IMEFM's citations and knowledge stock pattern summarizes the scientific community contributing to its evolution and development. Finally, this study's results offer future research directions.


In the current economic environment, to learn became the best means, for a company, to be competitive in preserving knowledge and experiments of each collaborator and each team. This leads companies to reconsider their knowledge and know-how sharing, to anticipate competences and their members' training, while managing the changes induced by new practices. Such companies are called learning organizations because they build structures and strategies in order to increase and to maximize the organizational learning. An organizational learning is a process which can be seen as a collective capability based on experiential and cognitive processes and involving knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing and knowledge utilization. In this paper, we define the concept of organizational Learning and why it is based on a sharing process. To that end, we subdivide it into three sub processes: Individual Learning Process, Social Process and Knowledge Management Process. Then we present our work, (1) the approach MEMORAe whose aim is to support organizational learning; (2) the web platform E-MEMORAe2.0 designed as tool for knowledge sharing in an organizational learning context.


Objective To observe the influence of the medicines for resolving phlegm and the medicines for promoting blood circulation on the peroxysome proliferators-activated receptor α (PPARα) in the liver of the hyperlipemia-modeled rats in order to make sure the effect of different components of the whole formula. Methods The 50 Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups: blank group, model group, whole formula group, group taking the medicines for resolving phlegm, and group taking the medicines for promoting blood circulation. The rats except the blank group were modeled by giving high fat feed into stomach once a day . After 30 days, RT-PCR was adopted to determine the level of PPARα mRNA of each group. Results The level of PPARα mRNA of model group was apparently lower than that of blank group. Compared with the model group, the PPARα mRNA of the whole formula group and the group taking medicines for resolving phlegm increased evidently, but there was no significant difference between the group taking medicines for promoting blood circulation and the model group on the level of PPARα mRNA. Conclusion The medicines for resolving phlegm in the whole formula play the most important role in increasing PPARα mRNA in the liver of the hyperlipemia model rats, while the medicines for promoting blood circulation may affect through other ways.


Every company needs funding to finance its business activities. One alternative for companies to find sources of funds is in the capital market. Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange will always try to maintain the company's financial performance to always look good in the eyes of investors, it is done because good bad company performance can serve as a benchmark for investors in assessing the company. The purpose of this study to determine whether liquidity, solvency, activity, and profitability have a significant influence on stock prices at plantation companies (plantation) in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The type of research used is descriptive research with quantitative approach. The population in this study are all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as much as 528 companies. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The sample in this study are all plantation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data Analysis Technique using multiple linier regression analysis. Based on the analysis results can be concluded that the variable Liquidity, Solvency, Activity and Profitability, Partially Profitability have a significant and positive effect on stock prices. Keywords: Liquidity, solvency, activity, profitability, stock price


The complex and dynamic settings of grid environments lead to challenges on their operational maintenance. The growth of these environments in terms of size and usage requires supporting systems to be of a more sophisticated level. Contemporary tools lack the ability to relate and infer events. Communication across organizational domains and interoperability between existing monitoring tools is subject to improvement. In this paper we present an information system, based on collaborative agents, that supports system administrators in monitoring the grid. While observing log files, the agents learn patterns about job-traffic in their own local domain of the grid and share information to provide global or multi-domain overviews. The agents represent their knowledge in the form of deterministic finite automata (DFA). We discuss our collaborative learning mechanism and show the results of our experiments with data of two grid-sites. Our system generated job-traffic overviews that gave new insights in the performance of the grid environment.


The micas,which are in association with the greisenized granite and skarn,werepreviously described as lepidolite and protolithionite.According to the present detailedinvestigations,the variety determined as lepidolite in greisenized granite should bezinnwaldite.protolith-zinnwaldite and the variety determined as "protolithionite" in skarnis actually the phlogopite with the exception of the variety,occuring as veins,which isof protolithionite or protolith-zinnwaldite. These lithium bearing micas may be ascertained to consist of six species based ontheir chemical and physico-optical properties: 1. Zinnwaldite K_4Fe_3Li_4Al_4[Si_(14)Al_2O_(40)](O,OH,F)_8 2. Zinnwaldite K_4Fe_4Li_3Al_4[Si_(13)Al_3O_(40)](O,OH,F)_8 3. Protolith-Zinnwaldite K_4Fe_5(Li_(2.5)Al_(1.5))_4Al_3[Si_(13)Al_3O_(40)](O,OH,F)_8 4. Protolith-Zinnwaldite K_4Fe_4(Li_(2.5)Al_(0.5))_3Al_4[Si_(12)Al_4O_(40)](O,OH,F)_8 5. Protolithionite K_4Fe_5Li_2Al_4[Si_(12)Al_4O_(40)](O,OH,F)_8 6. Protolithionite K_4(Fe,Mg)_8Li_2Al_2[Si_(12)Al_4O_(40)](O,OH,F)_8 Species 1,2 and 3 occur in the greisenized granite;species 4 occurs along the contactof the granite with the skarn;species 5 and 6 occur in skarn(as veins);species 2.Zinnwaldite,is of wider occurrence. The higher content of FeO and the increase of Li_2O with decreasing FeO are thechemical characteristics of the Li-Micas.These phenomena show that the original micain granite might be rich in Fe,and probally a biotite.The process of biotite convertingto Li-micas is suggested as follows:As soon as the granite had been formed,Li and Fin the residual magma were combined to form LiF.In turn,during the ascension ofLiF,the biotite,already formed,was replaced.In accordance with the formR"(Li+Al),the R"(Fe,Mg……)of biotite was replaced by Li,Al gradually.Be-cause of the difference in valence between (Li,Al) and R",there must be a supplementduring replacement,and this supplement for valence would be furnished by Si to replacea part of Al. The result of the geological survey also indicates that the original mica is a biotite.Since the granite of this region belongs to the Yenshan period,which is generally biotitegranite in South China. The physico-optical properties of Li-micas show a regular change with the decreaseof FeO and the increase of Li_2O.The lower the FeO and the higher the Li_2O,the largerthe otical axial angle,the smaller the refractive indices and specific gravity and thelighter the colour.Therefore,we can utilize the physico-optical characteristics of themicas to evaluate its chemical compositions approximately.


A thesis paper submitted to the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Pharmacology


One of the ways to increase well oil production is to reduce the filtration resistance of the bottom-hole zone. Along with well-known stimulation methods, such as modern methods of treating wells bottom-hole zone, side tracking (drilling of lateral horizontal boreholes) is of great interest.
The following works have been implemented Kalamkas field: a complex of geological, geophysical and field exploration; correlation schemes to track the lithology of the formation; clarifying structural maps and engineering maps; justifying activities to select one or more wells for horizontal drilling; hydrodynamic calculations and estimating their flow rate.


Malawi's healthcare system struggles with too few nurses, inadequate resources and high disease rates. U.K. funding should see nurses' salaries increase by 52 per cent by 2010-11, but many seek overseas work as soon as they are qualified. Almost a million people are living with HIV and AIDS.


Dr. Cembrowski provides an analysis of an article by Harrison and colleagues in this issue of Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology in which the authors describe the evaluation of a new device for self-monitoring of blood glucose, the Bayer CONTOUR® blood glucose monitoring system.


Unlike the bloody beginning of the Soviet Union, its end has been amazingly peaceful. Mikhail Gorbachev has been eulogized for accomplishing this "velvet" revolution from above. From the standpoint of the peoples of Transcaucasia, Moldavia and much of Central Asia, however, things look rather different. There events have been no more "velvet" than in Albania and Yugoslavia. There is a temptation to see all this as a historical reversal. Cities and places such as Sebastopol, Sarajevo and the Caucasus, associated with old battles described in musty monographs of 19th and early 20th century history, as well as Turkestan, which has not been in the headlines since the Crimean War, are once again in the news.


As part of a European research project, partially funded by the Steel Research Fund (RFS-CR-03049), the potential benefits derived from the use of synchronized tandem wire welding (STW) technology applied to structural plates, in place of the currently used arc techniques, have been evaluated. In particular, two welded joint types have been investigated: T joints and butt joints in S355 grade structural plate, 6 and 12 mm thick. Considering the variables that characterize the process, also depending on the type of tandem torch, i.e. variable or fixed electrode configuration, the influence of the distance between the electrodes, stick-out, the type of arc and weld speed on the process characteristics have been examined. The joints obtained have been compared with those produced using traditional technology in terms of overall joint deformation, structural integrity, microstructural analysis and mechanical performance (toughness and fatigue strength). The results have demonstrated that the STW process is an effective technology for increasing both the weld speed, at the same penetration and the quantity of metal deposited, by about 50% compared to GMAW welding, with only slightly higher but relatively modest heat input (1 kJ/mm). These operating conditions have allowed the preservation of a level of joint quality (EN ISO 5817 quality level B) and structural integrity, comparable with those of GMAW and SAW welded joints, in addition to significant reductions in distortion. Furthermore, the fatigue strength of STW joints has also been in compliance with the reference class (butt joint, FAT class 100). The objective of the project (RFS-CR-03049), partially supported by the Research Fund for Coal and Steel, was to explore and quantify the benefits of STW applied to structural steels as an alternative technology to established arc welding technologies. T joints and butt joints of 6 and 12 mm steel grade S355 plates have been investigated using two different types of welding gun configuration, i.e. fixed electrodes and variable electrodes configuration. The influence of electrodes distance, stick-out, arc types and welding speed have been examined. The optimized joints have been characterized in terms of structural integrity, microstructure, mechanical performance (impact fracture toughness and fatigue resistance), total deformation and compared to traditional arc welding joints. STW technology allowed an increase of about 50% in both the welding speed, at the same penetration and deposited metal compared to GMAW with a not much greater heat input (1 kJ/mm) maintaining the same level of joint quality (EN ISO 5817 quality level B) and structural integrity with a reduction of joint distortion. In addition, fatigue resistance of STW joints was in compliance with the requirement (FAT Class 100 MPa).


Using a rat myosin light chain 2 clone (pl03; 1) as a hybridisation ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS probe we have isolated a full-length cDNA clone which codes . . . . , " , , . r i_ i • _• -n * i_ i U J I U J for Myosin Light Chain 2 from 11 day old rabbit fast muscle, W e ttank P.Cohen for the land gift of the lambda bbiaiy and PMLC912 (MLC2, Typl) . The sequence of the DNA (645 bp) * * D&asdns Forschungsgerneinschaft (Wi 371/3-2) for support. and the resulting protein (170 aa) are shown. We have also isolated a second form of MLC2 sequence, clone pMLC15 (MLC2 Typ2), which means that two isoforms of MLC2 are expressed in fast skeletal muscle. Start and stop codons and the l. Nudel.u., Calvoj.M., Shani.M. and Levy.z. (1984) NucL Adds Res. 12, poly adenylation site are underlined. The derived protein sequence " 7 ' 7 5 ~ 7 l ? 5 w . ^ " . w ^ _ c w i n e -..I. .L » • • i 2. Malsuda.G., Maita,T.,Suzuyama,Y., Setoguchi.M. and Umegane.T. (1977) of pMLC15 agrees with the protein sequence previously j ^ ^ , . ^ 8 1 809-811 e ^ ^ determined by amino acid sequencing, which starts with Pro3 and has an unidentified acetylated N-terminus (2). The calculated molecular weight of MLC2 protein is 19027.


ABSTRACT. Stradiotti C.G.P., Silva J.F.S., Cunha I.C.N., Stradiotti Junior D., Coser A.C., Rangel C.C., Rodrigues T.F. & Almeida F.M. [Development of methodology for collecting semen from pacas.] Desenvolvimento de metodologia para coleta de semen de pacas. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinaria, 37(3):222- 226, 2015. Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Reproducao e Nutricao Animal, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Rua Alto Universitario, s/n, Bairro Guararema, Alegre, ES 29500-000, Brasil. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com The objective of this work was to conduct measures of the preview anatomy of the reproductive apparatus of male paca, mainly of structures related of ejaculatory processes for the development of a specific electro stimulator to the species, in order to test efficient techniques for semen collection and study. It was based on the fact that this species present a condition significantly unfavorable to captive breeding when compared to reproduction in their natural habitat. Four dead animals were dissected from the pelvic region, aiming at regional macroscopic view of the pelvic plexus and associated nerves to other structures. Thus, measures the distance from the pelvic plexus to the anal opening and diameter of the rectum, for making the probe of the electro stimulator. For testing the electro stimulator and the protocol of electro stimulation what fit better, were used nine breeding between 18 and 36 months of age. The procedures used to possible the semen macroscopic evaluation consisted of removal of the tails of the epididymis and its submission for the technique of sperm recovery from post mortem. Descriptive statistics based on means and standard deviations of measures for the development of an electro stimulator were used. The usual techniques of dissection, based on description of neuroanatomy for domestic mammals were efficient for the location of the pelvic plexus. The used measure to the anal opening was correct for making electro stimulation device probe. The protocol that best adjusted was developed based on observations of the natural mating system of animals. Younger animals showed ejaculatory responses with voltages lower than in older animals. The seminal characteristics were similar to those described by other authors for the species.


: The reductionism promoted by modernity enabled a common sense as to what water was to be molded in the discrete form of H2O. Questioning that unique conception reproduced in studies of water resources and their governance, to the detriment of their multiple ontologies, was the starting point of this article. An analytical structure is proposed based on the reflections made by Political Ecology and the concept of the hydrosocial cycle. Unlike the naturalization of the hydrological cycle, it contemplates the multiple socionatural relations that constitute water. The aim of the proposed structure is to enable the apprehension of the hydrosocial cycle in time and space, in other words, its application in case studies. The reflection on a hybrid nature of water, duly considering the interactions between human and non-human agencies, provokes a critical look at modern reductionism on water, paying attention to the need to include other practices and epistemes, thereby contemplating a plural perspective on the issue.


Starting from the basic geological conditions,this paper describes the slope of one production line project and uses Lizheng software to analyze slope stability and make evaluations. According to the analysis results,this paper briefly puts forward the corresponding countermeasures to ensure slope safety during the construction and subsequent operation.


According to the preparation of L-Met producing bacillus M0658,all factors affecting the formation and regeneration of protoplasts were investigated.Under the optimum condition,the rate of protoplast formation and regeneration reached(96.4)% and 75.3% respectively.The morphological differences between M0658 cells and its protoplasts were distinguished by the optical microscope.


This study pioneeringly determined the antiviral role of DNAJA3 in FMDV. DNAJA3 was found to interact with FMDV VP1 and trigger its degradation via the lysosomal pathway. In addition, this study is also the first to clarify the mechanism by which VP1 suppressed IFN-β signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation of IRF3. Moreover, DNAJA3 significantly abrogated VP1-induced inhibitive effect on the IFN-β signaling pathway. These data suggested that DNAJA3 plays an important antiviral role against FMDV by both degrading VP1 and restoring of IFN-β signaling pathway. ABSTRACT DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member A3 (DNAJA3) plays an important role in viral infections. However, the role of DNAJA3 in replication of foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV) remains unknown. In this study, DNAJA3, a novel binding partner of VP1, was identified using yeast two-hybrid screening. The DNAJA3-VP1 interaction was further confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization in FMDV-infected cells. The J domain of DNAJA3 (amino acids 1 to 168) and the lysine at position 208 (K208) of VP1 were shown to be critical for the DNAJA3-VP1 interaction. Overexpression of DNAJA3 dramatically dampened FMDV replication, whereas loss of function of DNAJA3 elicited opposing effects against FMDV replication. Mechanistical study demonstrated that K208 of VP1 was critical for reducing virus titer caused by DNAJA3 using K208A mutant virus. DNAJA3 induced lysosomal degradation of VP1 by interacting with LC3 to enhance the activation of lysosomal pathway. Meanwhile, we discovered that VP1 suppressed the beta interferon (IFN-β) signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation of IRF3. This inhibitory effect was considerably boosted in DNAJA3-knockout cells. In contrast, overexpression of DNAJA3 markedly attenuated VP1-mediated suppression on the IFN-β signaling pathway. Poly(I⋅C)-induced phosphorylation of IRF3 was also decreased in DNAJA3-knockout cells compared to that in the DNAJA3-WT cells. In conclusion, our study described a novel role for DNAJA3 in the host's antiviral response by inducing the lysosomal degradation of VP1 and attenuating the VP1-induced suppressive effect on the IFN-β signaling pathway. IMPORTANCE This study pioneeringly determined the antiviral role of DNAJA3 in FMDV. DNAJA3 was found to interact with FMDV VP1 and trigger its degradation via the lysosomal pathway. In addition, this study is also the first to clarify the mechanism by which VP1 suppressed IFN-β signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation of IRF3. Moreover, DNAJA3 significantly abrogated VP1-induced inhibitive effect on the IFN-β signaling pathway. These data suggested that DNAJA3 plays an important antiviral role against FMDV by both degrading VP1 and restoring of IFN-β signaling pathway.


The Nursing Contribution to Quality in Cancer Care work stream was established by the National Cancer Action Team in the spring of 2009. A work group was set up to take forward a range of developments and tasked with delivering a set of actions around core issues that pertain to nursing workforce and the Cancer Reform Strategy. Its specific focus is on quality and outcomes of care. This report summarises the first stage of a project to develop a system of indicators for quality outcomes that are sensitive to nursing in ambulatory chemotherapy. This review aimed to identify and assess the evidence for indicators and to identify a small number of priority areas for development of a pilot system. To do this we undertook a series of scoping reviews and consultations with clinical experts. We identified a shortlist of 11 outcome areas and assessed the quality of evidence for the sensitivity of these to nursing. Overall, the strength of evidence was not strong although there was a clear indication that some outcomes may be sensitive to nursing care. We could find no existing well evaluated sets of indicators but identified the development of indicators for safe medication administration, nausea and vomiting and patient experience as strong candidates for incorporation into a pilot system. Considerable challenges lie ahead in terms of arriving at precise definitions of indicators, the best means of risk adjustment and development of robust and feasible systems for data collection.


The European Union's (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), in effect since May 2018, enforces strict limitations on handling users' personal data, hence impacting their activity tracking on the Web. In this study, we perform an evaluation of the tracking performed in 2,000 high-traffic websites, hosted both inside and outside of the EU. We evaluate both the information presented to users and the actual tracking implemented through cookies; we find that the GDPR has impacted website behavior in a truly global way, both directly and indirectly: USA-based websites behave similarly to EU-based ones, while third-party opt-out services reduce the amount of tracking even for websites which do not put any effort in respecting the new law. On the other hand, we find that tracking remains ubiquitous. In particular, we found cookies that can identify users when visiting more than 90% of the websites in our dataset - and we also encountered a large number of websites that present deceiving information, making it it very difficult, if at all possible, for users to avoid being tracked.


The small-amplitude periodic sloshing modes of a liquid in a vertical right circular cylinder with a concave spheroidal bottom are calculated for the case in which there is not sufficient liquid to cover the bottom entirely. Equilibrium free surfaces of the liquid were calculated by the program CAPIL for the case in which the ratio of the minor and major semi-axes of the spheroidal bottom was 0.724. Perturbations about these surfaces were calculated by the program SLOSH. For the fill heights that were studied, and to the accuracy of these calculations the same critical Bond number, B/sub crit/, was found for instability of the free surface as was found in the static analysis of Concus and Karasalo for the same test problem. Furthermore, and in agreement with their calculation, no equilibrium surfaces were found for this problem for fill heights greater than 0.503 and for Bond numbers B < B/sub crit/ < 0. For fill heights ranging from 0.20 to 0.45, unstable equilibrium surfaces were found for a range of Bond numbers, B/sub conv/ < or = B < B/sub crit/. Frequencies or growth rates were calculated for numerous equilibrium surfaces. Growth rates of the maximally unstable modes were calculated for fill height 0.30 and various Bond numbers. 12 figures, 27 tables.


The common law marriage was today what we call pure common law marriage, as seen, and there is the impure common law marriage (incestuous or adulterine), that has been always condemned. Since then, the depreciative sense of the word concubinage extinguished, gradually, among us, as a reconquest, by our people, of the old common law marriage. This form of marriage lasts in several other countries as the "married on common law", in fourteen American States; in Scotland, with the same name; and in the Mexican State of Tamaulipas - marriage by behavior ("casamiento por comportamiento"). The Federal Brazilian Constitution, from 05.10.88, recognized the pure concubinage, as a form of family constitution, under the name of steady union. Under the atmosphere of the new Constitution, the steady union was regulated, by the Law n. 8.971, from 29.12.94, taking care of the companions' rights concerning alimony and succession; presently projects are going through the proper channels, in the Deputy Chamber and the Federal Senate (two Legislative Houses that constitute the National Congress), for the regulation of the Statute of the Concubines. On the stable union, the liberty of the companions is greater, because they live as if they were husband and wife, but, in reality, they are not. There is no conjugal estate, but simply, a family life or a concubinage. On the other hand, it is important to stand out that, under the psychologic aspect, presently, the married people, who got married only in a religious way, with no wedding register, although they feel as being married, they live under the stable union regimen. It is necessary that there is the possibility of considering the stable union like a new kind of common law marriage, that is what l propose. This, for me, already with this spirit "de iure constituendo", the common law marriage or the stable union is the family life neither adulterine nor incestuous, durable, public and continuous of a man and a woman, without matrimonial entailment, and living as being married, under the same roof or not and, consequently, constituting their real family.


A systematic study was made to negative-ion formation by sputtering from a Mo(100) surface with and without adsorbate layers. Correlation with the work-function change when the surface electronic state was modified by a Cs overlayer reveals a possible tunneling mechanism. Tunnel barrier widths and heights were estimated for Mo/sup -/, O/sup -/, H/sup -/, and D/sup -/ from the experimental data.


The Taian station of Shenzhen Metro Line No.5is located at the city proper where the subsequent pressure gas line crossing at the Buxin Road.Consider the factors such as the surroundings,construction conditions,the influence of removal,and etc,the method of protection was adopted to deal with the gas line which is adopted for the first time in domestic and found no similar experience.In view of features of the high command of deformation control and high risks,the design rules and parameters was put forward,and structure design and construction sequence was analyzed.The design plan is innovative and provide the support for smooth development of the project.It also provide an reference for the similar project.


The paper deals with the issue of value as theme of discourse in social sciences as well as a theme in ethnographic research. The cornerstone of the article is the process of constituting values in pre-modern pre-industrial world of the Slovak countryside. Because of the need of concretising and specifying the theme, the attention focused on the village of Cicmany, about which there is enough factual material. It enabled an interpretation of judgements concerning the values which satisfied material and partially also non-material spiritual needs as well as images of what was desirable and significant in the social environment under study.


The invention belongs to the technical field of cosmetics and particularly discloses a washing composition containing alkanol polyether carboxylate and shampoo containing the washing composition. The washing composition which takes an anionic surfactant alkanol polyether carboxylate as a primary component further contains surfactants such as N-acylamino acid salt or/and amphicroic carboxylate and/or carboxylic acid glycine betaine and the like. The washing composition of the formula is rich in foam, good in cleaning effect, low in irritation and strong in affinity of hair and scalp. The shampoo prepared by the washing composition has a color protective function and color fading can be effectively alleviated for the hair dyed by a hair dye containing basic dyes.


The main issue of this research to improve and develop the mechanical properties of the socket composite material for below-knee (BK) prosthesis; several composite materials were proposed, consisting of perlon, Kevlar and carbon fibers, and natural fibers were added as a new idea for the research. Making the theory calculations were for several layers of materials, by using mathematical model, to obtain the best lamination with and without kenaf by calculating the best modulus of elasticity and the best E/ρ ratio. So the experimental tests were carried out on the lamination with a total of 12 layers for thickness (4 mm) each of them, (Group G/withot kenaf) and (Group D/with kenaf). The experimental part included examining the samples by tensile test, bending test, impact test. The results of the tensile test results were for the first lamination and the second lamination for the ultimate tensile strength (134.47 MPa) and (187.39MPa) respectively. As for the elasticity modulus, it was as follows (16.78 GPa) without kenaf and (17.49 GPa) for kenaf lamination. Through the theoretical and experimental results, it was found that the use of natural kenaf fibers led to the improvement of the maximum tensile strength 39.35% and modulus of elasticity 4.23%. The impact resistance was improved by using kenaf by 8.8% due to its durability higher than perlon fiber.


Abstract The results of time-resolved optical absorption spectra in congruent and stoichiometric LiNbO3 as well as KNbO3 crystals are reported. The role of different polaron types in transient absoiption and luminescence spectra and decay kinetics are discussed.


Abstract Two new species, Sarcosolomonia (Parkerimyia) rohdendorfi and S. (Parkerimyia) Indica, are described. S. (Parkerimyia) crinita (Parker) is recorded for the first time from India. A key to all the known Indian species is aiven.


Background: Today, the most commonly used instrument for determining the inferior face height is lateral cephalometry; however, due to the fact that some lateral cephalometric radiographs are given to the patient while taking radiation, and with regard to the overlaps and distortions of structures in this radiograph.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to study the inferior height of the face based on the one-third of the face in photography and then compare its correlation with the results of cephalometry.

Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out with photographic and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 75 randomly selected participants (38 women and 37 men) from among patients consulting the orthodontic clinics in Bandar Abbas in 2012 - 2013. All participants had all their permanent teeth (without third molar involvement). Patients signed an informed consent form for participation. There was no history of head and face trauma, orthognathic surgery, previous orthodontic treatment, and congenital anomalies. The anterior height of the face was evaluated based on the one-third of the face on photography according to the results of FMA (Frankfort-mandibular plane angle), Sn-GoGN, Bjork, and Jarabak, and the correlations of these values with each other were determined. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using chi-square test, kappa coefficient, and Pearson coefficient.

Results: No significant correlation was found between the photographic and cephalometric data of face height (r = -0.03, P > 0.05). There was a significant inverse correlation between the results of FMA and Jarabak index (r = -0.6, P 0.05). There was no meaningful relationship between the results of FMA angle and facial form in class 1 and 2 occlusion subjects (P > 0.05). However, this association was found stronger in class I than in class II occlusion.

Conclusions: There is no meaningful correlation between photographic and cephalometric measurements of facial height, and we always need lateral cephalometrics for the correct orthodontic treatment plan and as a golden standard. Cephalometric variables are correlated with each other for determining the vertical growth pattern, and each can be used for diagnosis alternatively.


The Jakarta-Bandung high speed train is one of the national strategic plans. The high speed train route connects the Jakarta city to the Bandung city. The route needs to be detailed topography and checking of vertical deformations that occur along its route. This study aims to determine the conditions of vertical deformation in four stations and the Jakarta Bandung high speed train route. The spatial information of vertical deformation was extracted from the X SAR (2000) and Sentinel data (2018). The method used was Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (DinSAR). The vertical deformation was obtained from the reduction of topography in 2018 with the topography of 2000. Both of these topography must meet the tolerance of 1.96 sigma so that the resulting deformation is also more optimal. The results of this study can be used to reference the determination of high speed train route based on conditions of vertical deformation.


A large percentage of the research in computer science is published in conferences and workshops. We propose three methods which compute a "relatedness score" for conferences relative to a pivot conference, usually a top rated conference. We experiment with the DBLP bibliography to show that our relatedness ranking can be used to help understand the basis of conference reputation ratings, determine what conferences are related to an area and the classification of conferences into areas.


Objective: To evaluate the associations of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) genetic polymorphism with the susceptibilities of prostate, esophageal and lung cancers. Methods: Studies were identified by searching computerized databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, etc.), accompanied by manual search. The case-control studies were selected according to defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. After quality evaluation and data abstraction, a meta-analysis was performed by using STATA 11.0 software. Results: A total of 22 case-control studies were eligible for this analysis, including 8 181 cases and 11 844 healthy controls. For prostate cancer, 12 case-control studies included 4 182 cases and 6 885 healthy controls. Meta-analysis showed that MnSOD polymorphism could significantly increase the risk of prostate cancer [heterozygote genotype: odds ratio (OR)=1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.01-1.22; homozygote genotype: OR=1.25, 95%CI=1.03-1.51); dominant genotype: OR=1.15, 95%CI=1.01-1.31)]. For esophageal cancer, 4 case-control studies contained 620 cases and 909 healthy controls. Meta-analysis showed that MnSOD polymorphism could significantly increase the risk of esophageal cancer [heterozygote genotype: OR=1.58, 95%CI=1.22-2.04; homozygote genotype: OR=2.25, 95%CI=1.61-3.15); recessive genotype: OR=1.69, 95%CI=1.07-2.67); dominant genotype: OR=1.74, 95%CI=1.36-2.22)]. For lung cancer, 6 case-control studies contained 3 375 cases and 4 050 healthy controls. Meta-analysis showed that MnSOD polymorphism could significantly decrease the risk of lung cancer [homozygote genotype: OR=0.68, 95%CI=0.59-0.78); recessive genotype: OR=0.71, 95%CI=0.54-0.93); dominant genotype: OR=0.83, 95%CI=0.75-0.92)]. Conclusion: MnSOD polymorphism is associated with elevated risks of prostate and esophageal cancers, but decreased risk of lung cancer. DOI:10.3781/j.issn.1000-7431.2011.07.009


of the undoubted fact that the handbook is of value to students as well as others, contains a select bibliography for the topographical details summarized in the chapter of ' Local Description '. The great majority of the old illustrations have been retained and many new ones added, and there is a new plan of Birdoswald, a nodal point of Wall problems. There are tao-and this is a new feature which may not find universal favour-six full-page drawings to illustrate the scenery through which the Wall runs. It is no small achievement to have brought the book thoroughly up to date, to have added the chief results of the long years of work and study given to the Wall and its problems, and at the same time by judicious omissions to have avoided swelling its bulk so that it remains the handbook i t was intended to be. But i t is much more that he has managed to do all this and yet preserve so much of the distinctive character and qualities of the original. It is no more than Mr Collingwood's due to say that in this new edition of the handbook he renders to the general public as great service as he has already rendered to students of the Wall, notably by his surveys in volumes IX and XXI of the Journal of Roman Studies, and that he pays worthy tribute to the memory of Dr Bruce, not alone by perpetuating his work but by the spirit in which he has carried through his task and the respect he shows for views from which there is no alternative but to differ. Such a note as that, on page 80, referring to Dr Bruce's well-known explanation of the partial blocking of the fort-gateways, displays an attitude towards the original which should pacify even the most partisan of those, if any still remain, who regard it as almost a ' sacred text ' and think it ' better to be wrong with Plat0 than right with lesser men ', J. J. R. BRIDGE. The editor has done well what he set out to do.


If the research and education communities do not collaborate, the two worlds will fruitlessly collide. Science could wind up as just an item on a checklist when educators are adopting a new program: "Looked at some academic journal articles. . . check." The research and education communities need to collaborate--formally or informally--to exchange information from both research and practice and ensure that we take full advantage of scientific findings while recognizing their limits. Educators know that a close examination of research can yield valuable information about education programs and practices. But as the late Nobel laureate Richard Feynman noted, knowledge drawn from science doesn't come with instructions on how to put it into practice. This is a real concern. When Carole Weiss and her colleagues looked at how educators used scientific research to inform their selections of school drugand alcohol-prevention programs, they found that some carefully weighed the scientific findings and came to thoughtful decisions. Others simply selected from a U.S. Department of Education list of programs. Using the list was efficient; districts didn't have to review the research and gauge (perhaps erroneously) effectiveness. But it sidestepped deliberation about how programs fit with the local context, how to use the programs appropriately, how to tackle implementation challenges, and so on. Each of these questions could influence whether a program works in a given district. The path to mutually productive engagement between researchers and practitioners is strewn with obstacles. Although research could inform education practice, the university community's "publish or perish" incentive may impede the kind of problem-solving research that will best improve education. Equally worrisome, educators without proper training may misinterpret research and be led astray by media reports, which typically highlight a dramatic narrative rather than objective information about the size and strength of the results and the characteristics of schools and students in the study. WHAT WE NEED We must develop a strong research base in education, and we must clearly explain the findings from that work. A strong research base requires that studies meet rigorous standards of evidence that are consistent with sound scientific principles. Educators most commonly consult research to help judge the effectiveness of a program or practice, and randomized trials generally offer the best evidence of effectiveness. Randomized trials create two comparable groups of students: one that can participate in the program, and one that cannot. Thanks to this pairing, any subsequent differences in outcomes between the two groups can be attributed to the program. Randomized trials thus provide the most valid evidence of whether a program had effects. Done correctly, they reduce the number of possible explanations to one: the program itself. While many studies make claims about the effectiveness of a program, they lack a randomized trial's validity because their methods do not exclude competing explanations. For example, a study of the effectiveness of a reading program that compares only student reading scores before and after the program doesn't exclude the possibility that students learned to read more proficiently because of factors other than the program. Simply matching students in the program with other students--in another classroom or another school--doesn't eliminate the possibility that program students and control students are different in ways not measured, such as motivation. It's always possible that results can be explained by factors that can't be seen or measured. Unfortunately, educators typically view randomized trials with skepticism, and often with hostility. Researchers working on experiments with districts and schools are told, "Kids aren't guinea pigs" or "Trials don't tell you why it works. …


Objective To determine the UU and MH infection and the drug resistance in women with medical examination. Methods Mycoplasma culture and count were carried out with the samples of 90 women and then the susceptibility of mycoplasma to three kinds of antimicrobial agents were done on the positive samples. The culture, identification, drug resistance and count of mycoplasma were carried out with one complex mycoplasma kit. Results 49 of 90 women infected with mycoplasma, the positive rate was 54.4 %. The positive rate of UU, MH and mixed both infection were 44.4 %(40/90), 0 %(0/90) respectively. The count of UU was CCU/L 10 6 in 4 cases which accounting for 10 %(9/90) respectively. The count of UU was 10 7 in 11 cases accounting for 27.5 %, and the count was above 10 8 in 25 cases accounting for 27.8 %. The highest susceptibility rate of UU and MH to three kinds of antimicrobial agents was Roxithromycin(77.8 %). The highest resistant rate of UU and MH was Dox(77.8 %). Conclusion Mycoplasma infection rate was 54.4 % in women with medical examination, major mycoplasma is UU(81.6 %, 40/49). These hidden infections suggest that it must be attached importance to clinic. The positive result. It is important that the detection of mycoplama and the drug susceptibility assay should be done in one time because of the different susceptibility of UU and MH to antimicrobial agents.