Carbon dioxide was incorporated into various oxirane-containing compounds. The starting materials include natural products with epoxy groups (1-4), glycidyl compounds (5-9) and epoxidized polymers (9, 10). It could be shown that the crosslinking side reaction is not significant for internal epoxides but important for terminal glycidyl compounds.


Abstract IN the early 1950's turkey producers in Alberta experienced heavy losses from a syndrome that occurred in poults. The condition usually appeared at 2 to 4 weeks of age, and was characterized by broken feathers, white barring of the feathers, dermatitis, perosis and diarrhoea. Upon examining affected poults, the feathers, particularly the primaries and secondaries, were dry, brittle and broken, giving the bird a rough, ragged appearance. Feathering on other parts of the body was poorly developed for the age of the bird. White barring in Bronze poults was common. The dermatitis noted included encrustations at the beak angle and around the eyes as well as scaliness and cracking of the skin on the bottom of the feet. The lesions on the feet were similar to those seen in a biotin deficiency. The perosis that occurred, under present day terminology, would probably be referred to as hock disorder, since the…


Research of the current state and structure of capital investments both in Ukraine in general and in the Donetsk region in particular, in the period 2011 - 2019, identification of negative trends and prospects, indication of certain proposals for attracting investment resources. Methodology. The research methodology is generally based on the methods of system analysis, generalization and comparison. Results.The main provisions in the formulation of the concept of "investment" were indicated, the classification structure of investments on various grounds is given. The dynamics of changes in the volume of capital investment in the economy of Ukraine, and, in particular, in the economy of Donetsk region for the period 2011 - 2019, which in turn allowed to determine the causes of fluctuations. The analysis of the structure of capital investments by sources and types of economic activity of Donetsk region is carried out, certain conclusions are made about the changes that took place in the studied period. Recommendations for improving the efficiency of investment attraction are provided. Scientific novelty. The main factors that constrain the attraction of investment in the economy of Ukraine and in the economy of Donetsk region are given. The most priority branch of the region's economy for investors has been identified, and a structural analysis of capital investments in the region's economy has made it possible to find out at the expense of which funds the enterprises are renewing their fixed assets. There are some suggestions for effective investment. Prospects for investing in the national economy are substantiated. Practical significance. The results of the study form a practical basis for finding additional sources of investment in economic activity of industrial enterprises on a sustainable basis.


The aim of this study was to improve the quality and functionality of Korean soy
 sauce made with onion juice. At the end of fermentation, the titratable acidity
 of the soy sauce containing 100% onion juice was the highest at 2.90%. The salt
 (NaCl) content was highest and lowest in the samples without and with onion
 juice supplementation, respectively. The protein content ranged from
 11.09-12.50%. The sensory evaluation revealed that the soy sauce sample
 containing 70% onion juice had the highest scove at 5.0-5.8 levels in terms of
 sweetness, salty taste, delicate flavor, and overall preference. Quercetin
 content was 1.73 mg/100 g and 1.68 mg/100 g in soy sauce containing 70% and 100%
 onion juice, respectively. However, quercetin was not detected in the soy sauce
 without onion juice supplementation. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, as
 well as antioxidant activity, increased proportionally to the amount of onion
 juice added. Overall, it was confirmed that the addition of onion juice improved
 the quality and functionality of Korean soy sauce.


Objective:To evaluate the effect of Fei-jin-sheng Decoction on VEGF-C,nm23 expression in Lew is lung cancer mice.Method:Sixty C57BL/6 mice inoculated with Lewis lung cancer cell line were randomly di vided into 6 groups:normal saline group,cyclophosphamide(CTX) group,Feijinsheng decoction groups(low-,medi um-,and high-dose subgroups),and CTX combined with medium-dose Feijinsheng group,10 mice in each group.The corresponding drugs were intragastrically given to the groups once a day for 14 days and then the mice were executed for observation of lung metastasis and detection of the expressions of VEGF-C and nm23 in the lung tissues by immunohistochemistry.Results:The medium-dose and high-dose Feijinsheng decoction groups had less spontaneous pulmonary metastasis(P0.01).All groups except the normal saline group reduced VEGF-C expression(P0.01 or P0.05).The medium-dose and high-dose of Fei-jin-sheng decoction groups and CTX combine with medium-dose Feijinsheng group elevated the expression of nm23(P0.01),and the expression lev els in the medium-dose and high-dose of Fei-jin-sheng decoction groups were higher than that in the combina tion group(P0.05).Conclusion:Fei-jin-sheng decoction can inhibit the spontaneous lung metastasis of Lewis lung cancer in mice by reducing VEGF-C while elevating nm23.


The insufficiency of consumer's trust is one of bottlenecks to China online shopping, and now most websites resort to the renowned third party or trust displaying mechanism to promoting consumer's trust. However, whether the two kinds of trust promotion strategies above have the same effect? And whether their own attributes and assurance contents have the significant influence on consumer's trust? There are no answers to those questions in domestic research. This article took the third party guarantee and trust displaying strategy as the objects, and collected data of 225 university students through online simulation shopping. Regression analysis was applied to the data and finally got some useful conclusions. The third party guarantee strategy has higher efficiency in promoting consumer's trust than trust displaying strategy. The provider attributes and assurance contents of the two strategies have positive significant effect on consumer's trust. Moreover, the attributes of strategies have bigger effect than assurance contents comparatively.


The accelerated process of urbanisation around the world in recent years has led to the emergence of urban spaces where residents' quality of life is not guaranteed, and where urban regeneration projects have often been carried out, but have not always been successful. Within this context, on 14 December, together with the Municipality of Shiraz and the Mashhad regional learning centre, we organised a webinar on sustainable urban regeneration in which professionals from metropolises around the world shared successful cases of sustainable urban regeneration.


Objective To evaluate the effects of both short-term(1 week) and prolonged(4 weeks) rapid atrial pacing on cardiac hemodynamics and myocardial remodling through establish an experimental model of tachycardiomyopathy by rapid right atrial pacing.Methods Fifteen Diannan pigs were equally divided into five blocks by randomized block design.Each block randomly received three managements: rapid atrial pacing(240 beats/min) for 1 week(n=5),rapid atrial pacing for 4 weeks(n=5) and sham-operated control(control,n=5).Echocardiogram study and left heart catheterization were performed to evaluate the effects of both different-term rapid atrial pacing on cardiac hemodynamics.Furthermore,the differences of myocardial remodling between atrial and ventricular were observed by light microscopic examination and naked eye.Results Short-term tachypacing resulted in significantly depressed ejection fraction.Maximum rate of pressure development and maximum negative rate of pressure development decreased lightly compared with control(P0.01).Compared with control,all indexs of systolic function became deteriorative after 4 weeks tachypacing(all P0.01).Postmortom examination revealed a reduction in biventricular wall thickness compared with control after 4 weeks tachypacing(all P0.01).Furthermore,determination of collagen volume fraction revealed the myocardial remodling with tissue fibrosis being much more intense after 4 weeks pacing.Conclusions Tachycardiomyopathy can be successfully established by rapid right atrial pacing in the pigs which characterize with biventricular pump dysfunction,biventricular cardiac dilation,biventricular wall thickness and the myocardial remodling.


Background  Autoantibodies specific for the β1‐adrenoceptor (β1‐AR) have been implicated in the pathology of congestive heart failure (CHF). We hypothesized that the presence of autoantibodies against β1‐AR (anti‐β1‐AR) is associated with left ventricular (LV) remodelling in response to metoprolol.


The spirit of the defence military is a kind of sense,consciousness and a state of spirit for a nation or country's safety and defence,which combined the defence military spirit with the patriotizm,heroism,a spirit of innovation and a spirit of professional military,which has evolved in the development,manufacture and trade of the weapon and has became a critical component of construction of the defence and military with Chinese characteristic.The spirit also has been in an important role in the country's safety and defence,even enhance the ethical cohesive affinity and improve the overall national strength,which should be developed and expanded.


In western Liaoning Province,there are many rural people and the economy is less developed.It is very important to develop rural travel to promote the development of rural ceonomy.However,rural travel in western Liaoning Province is still in its beginning stage with such problems as lacking distinct features and adequate publicity.Some countermeasures are put forward such as strengthening regional features,setting up western Liaoning Province rural travel brand,promoting publicity activities,developing the rural travel resources,ets.


scheme is made using Xilinx. As v/f method of speed control of induction motor is one of the mostly used methods for speed control. In the simulation all realistic components of the drive system has been included. This enables to analyze and calculate the different parameters like voltage and current in different parts of the converter and performance of three phase induction motor under steady state and transient condition. A closed loop control system with a Proportional Integral (PI) controller in the speed control loop has designed to operate in constant torque region. Performance characteristic of two levels inverter fed induction motor drive is analyzed. Open loop control of Induction motor (IM) is used in this inverter scheme. The analysis has been done in terms of THD in their line current. Steady state response of speed, current and torque in induction motor are also obtained using this scheme. Model is developed for SPWM inverter fed induction motor using Xilinx.


Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive and heterogeneous disease characterized by an abnormal proliferation and impaired differentiation of the myeloid precursor cells. The outcome for most AML patients remains poor with high relapse rates and chemotherapy remains the first line treatment for AML. The Wilms tumor wt1 and the anti-apoptotic BCL2 genes are upregulated in AML and are known to be involved in apoptosis inhibition. In the present study we evaluated the molecular mechanisms underlie the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities exerted by thymoquinone (TQ), the major biologically active compound of the black seed oil on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line-HL60. Cell proliferation was determined by WST-1 assay and apoptosis rate was assessed by flow cytometry using annexin-V/7AAD staining. The expression of target genes was analyzed by real-time RT–PCR analysis. TQ significantly reduced HL60 cell viability and induced apoptosis in a dose and time-dependent manner. In order to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlie the anti-cancer activities induced by TQ in AML cells, we investigated its effect on the expression of WT1 and BCL2 genes. TQ significantly decreased the expression of WT1 and BCL2 genes in a dose and time-dependent manner. In summary, these findings suggest that TQ induces cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells most likely through targeting the apoptosis-related WT1 and BCL2 genes and also suggest that TQ could be a promising strategy for AML therapy.


Objective
To analyze the infection rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), indolent B-NHL and multiple myeloma (MM) and its relationship with clinicopathological features.

Methods
The clinical data of 293 aggressive B-NHL, 181 indolent B-NHL and 261 MM patients in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from January 2009 to April 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The difference of HBV infection was compared among three groups. Serum samples from all patients were tested for HBV markers, including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb) and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) by using chemiluminescence immunoassay.

Results
The positive rate of HBsAg was 9.2% (27/293), 5.5% (10/181) and 3.8% (10/261), respectively in the aggressive B-NHL group, indolent B-NHL group and MM group. The positive rate of HBsAg in the aggressive B-NHL group was higher than that in the indolent B-NHL group and MM group (χ2 = 6.987, P = 0.030), and there was no statistical difference of HBsAg positive rate between the indolent B-NHL group and MM group (P > 0.05). The positive rate of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcAb in the aggressive B-NHL group was higher than that in the indolent B-NHL group and MM group [4.1% (12/293), 0, 0.8% (2/261); χ2= 14.976, P= 0.001], and there was no significant difference in the positive rate of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBcAb between the indolent B-NHL group and MM group (P > 0.05). Compared with HBsAg negative aggressive B-NHL patients, HBsAg positive aggressive B-NHL patients showed, higher ratio of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ [70.4% (19/27) vs. 49.2% (131/266), χ2= 4.377, P= 0.036], more frequent involvement of spleen [51.9% (14/27) vs. 23.7% (63/266), χ2= 10.039, P= 0.002], more frequent of B symptom [55.6% (15/27) vs. 32.0% (85/266), χ2= 6.073, P= 0.014], more frequent of elevated total bilirubin [29.6% (8/27) vs. 14.3% (38/266), χ2= 4.360, P= 0.037] and more frequent of reduced albumin [55.6% (15/27) vs. 35.7% (95/266), χ2= 4.115, P= 0.042].

Conclusions
The infection rate of HBV in aggressive B-NHL patients is higher than that in the indolent B-NHL and MM patients. HBsAg positive aggressive B-NHL patients are associated with adverse clinical characteristics.

Key words:
B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, aggressive; B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, indolent; Multiple myeloma; Hepatitis B virus


Paper aims: The present study aims to identify the limitations of the artifacts used in the decision-making process in the adoption of energy efficiency measures in productive systems, using non-intensive energy companies as a delimitation. Originality: Identifies authors and connections, the relationships between them and how these interactions contribute to the advancement of knowledge on the subject. Regarding energy efficiency, studies show that the real investment in initiatives in the industrial sector is below the full potential and that the artifacts used in the decision-making process have severe limitations when used in a complex and dynamic context. Research method: In this paper a systematic literature review was conducted from the Literature-Grounded Theory. Additionally, social network analysis was used. Main findings: It concludes that the approaches are limited to technical and financial factors and does not consider a systemic and dynamic understanding of different internal and external variables to the organization. Implications for theory and practice: The contribution of this study is that it identifies the initiatives that help in the process of decision-making for the adoption of energy efficiency measures in productive systems. Specifically, the focus of this study is on non-intensive energy companies. Scientific articles published in the main databases of management were selected.


Deterioration of concrete bridge decks has become a serious problem in recent years due to corrosion of steel reinforcement. There is also a need to replace existing bridge decks to accommodate the demand to increase the traffic load. The concept of using rapid deck replacement introduces an attractive approach which minimizes traffic interruption and consequently reduces replacement costs. This paper proposes an innovative fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bridge deck as an excellent solution for infrastructure of highway bridges. The proposed composite deck, patented by Wardrop Engineering Inc.lFaroex Ltd., consists of a series of equilateral triangular section tubes produced by the filament winding process. Glass fibres are wound at varying angles, including fibres in the longitudinal direction, to achieve the target transverse and . longitudinal strengths. The bridge deck consists of modules that are formed when several of the uncured, wound, triangular elements are placed between two pultruded plates and are subsequently cured into a single module of bridge decking. These modules are subsequently delivered to the site and within hours they are installed. By virtue of the very materials and processes used, glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) bridge decks offer high strength, lightweight and easy handling for installation. Most importantly, the absence of steel in the deck ensures that corrosion will never occur. This paper provides a description of the deck, fabrication process and test results of a portion of the deck tested at the University of Manitoba. Prototype modules consisting of several tubes are tested in flexure under a simulated truck wheel load according to AASHTO specifications. Popularity of this approach as an attractive alternative to conventional steel and concrete is evident by the fact that the National Composites Centre in the United States is planning to build over 100 composite bridges over the next 12 years.


A new characteristic-based method is developed and used for solving the mixed and forced convection problems. The nano-fluid flow with heat transfer is simulated with a novel characteristic-based scheme in closed domains with different aspect ratios. For this purpose, a FORTRAN code has been written and developed. Water as a pure fluid and water-titanium dioxide as a nano-fluid were considered. The governing equations are solved by the finite volume utilizing a characteristic-based scheme for the convective fluxes. The simulation is done at Grashof numbers from 100 to 104, Reynolds numbers from 100 to 1000, and volume fractions of nano-particles from 0% to 10%. Streamlines, isotherms, friction factor, and mean Nusselt number are obtained in various conditions. The convective behavior of nano-fluid is explored as a function of several parameters, such as Grashof number and geometrical parameters. Results indicate that the mean Nusselt number for the nanofluid is up to 23% more than that of pure water.


This paper estimates the dynamics of the personal-bankruptcy rate over the business cycle by exploiting large cross-state variation. We find that bankruptcy rates are significantly above trend during a recession and rise as a recession persists. After a recession ends, there is a hangover in which bankruptcy rates begin to fall but remain above trend for several more quarters. Recovery periods see a strong bounce-back effect, with bankruptcy rates significantly below trend for several quarters. Despite the significant increases in bankruptcies during recessions, the largest contributor to rising bankruptcies during these periods has tended to be the longstanding upward trend.


Ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials showing persistent luminescence have attracted much attention in the fields of information encryption, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), sensors, data storage, bioimaging, and so on. As a...


In this paper, we present numerical approximation for oscillatory initial value problems (IVPs) using the homotopy analysis algorithm. The convergence of the method is discussed and numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the computational effectiveness of the algorithm. The results obtained are in good agreement with the exact solutions and Adomian decomposition method (ADM). These results show that the algorithm introduced here is easy to apply without linearization.


The medical,biological,agricultural measures were applied to prevent and control Polygonim sibircum.The result of this study showed that three measures led death rate of P.sibircum to gradual increase in the 45 days,and then P.sibircum regenerated gradually in the 30 days.Medical measure,overdrilling measure and heavy grazing showed a better control and prevent for P.sibircum,in which the herbicide glyphosate was the best measure to control P.sibircum and the heavy grazing followed it,and other measures did not work.This study indicated that any measures did not control P.sibircum once time,and had to be applied many times.Combing medical measure and biological measure and rational management,harmfulness of P.sibircum could be reduced.


Anticholinergic drugs block muscarinic receptors in the body. They are commonly prescribed for a variety of indications and their use has previously been associated with dementia and cognitive decline. In UK Biobank participants with linked health-care records (n=163,043, aged 40-71 at baseline), for about 17,000 of which MRI data was available, we calculated the total anticholinergic drug burden according to 15 different anticholinergic scales and due to different classes of drugs. We then used linear regression to explore the associations between anticholinergic burden and various measures of cognition and structural MRI, including general cognitive ability, 9 separate cognitive domains, brain atrophy, volumes of 68 cortical and 14 subcortical areas, and fractional anisotropy and median diffusivity of 25 white-matter tracts. Anticholinergic burden was modestly associated with poorer cognition across most anticholinergic scales and cognitive tests (7/9 FDR-adjusted significant associations, standardised betas ({beta}) range: -0.039, -0.003). When using the anticholinergic scale exhibiting the strongest association with cognitive functions, anticholinergic burden due to most classes of drugs exhibited negative associations with cognitive function, with {beta}-lactam antibiotics ({beta}=-0.035, pFDR<0.001) and opioids ({beta}=-0.026, pFDR<0.001) exhibiting the strongest effects. Anticholinergic burden was not associated with any measure of brain macro- or microstructure (pFDR>0.08). Anticholinergic burden is weakly associated with poorer cognition, but there is little evidence for associations with brain structure. Future studies might focus more broadly on polypharmacy or more narrowly on distinct drug classes, instead of using purported anticholinergic action to study the effects of drugs on cognitive ability.


Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) is a generic platform to process the data of various natural (human) languages and it provides various resources for Indian languages also like Hindi, Bangla, Marathi and so on. In the proposed work, the repositories provided by NLTK are used to carry out the processing of Hindi text and then further for analysis of Multi word Expressions (MWEs). MWEs are lexical items that can be decomposed into multiple lexemes and display lexical, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and statistical idiomaticity. The main focus of this paper is on processing and analysis of MWEs for Hindi text. The corpus used for Hindi text processing is taken from the famous Hindi novel "KaramaBhumi by Munshi PremChand". The result analysis is done using the Hindi corpus provided by Resource Centre for Indian Language Technology Solutions (CFILT). Results are analysed to justify the accuracy of the proposed work.


Industrial Design Drawing origins from engineering drawing.Because of the special characteristics with "equal emphasis on Arts and Humanities and Engineering",teaching processes should pay attention to adapt to the needs of specialty.By analyzing the current situations and combining with teaching practice,this paper presents the new ideas for the course research:the students in industrial design should not adopt the teaching pattern with broad information and the lack of target.Otherwise,it is beneficial for the students and specialty construction that let the students contact to the specialty closely and strengthen multi-knowledge point of the CDIO-style associated with the practice of training.


In programming languages with dynamic use of memory, knowing that a reference variable x points to an acyclic data structure is valuable for the analysis of termination and resource usage. For instance, this information guarantees that the depth of the data structure to which x points is greater than the depth of the data structure pointed to by x.fld for any field fld of x. This allows bounding the iterations of a loop traversing the structure, which is essential in order to prove its termination. If acyclicity cannot be proved, then no termination can be guaranteed in such situations. However, sometimes it may still be possible to guarantee that a loop terminates because it only accesses the structure acyclically. Consider a double-linked list, which is clearly cyclic. If it can be demonstrated that every cycle in it must involve both the next and the prev field, then the termination of a loop traversal which only accesses next (e.g., simply scanning the list) can be guaranteed since no cycle will be ever traversed. The present paper develops an Abstract-Interpretation-based static analysis for inferring field- sensitive cyclicity results. The outcome of the analysis for a given variable at a given program point can be either (1) that it (the data structure it points to) cannot be cyclic; or (2) that cycles may exist but any cyclic path must satisfy some propositional formula describing which fields can and cannot be traversed. If the outcome falls into case (2), then the information can be used to improve on state-of-the-art acyclicity analyses in that it may guarantee termination even in presence of cyclic data structures.


The authors deposit phosphorus-doped, amorphous Si by low pressure chemical vapor deposition and subsequently crystallize the films by furnace annealing at a temperature of 600 C. Optical in-situ monitoring allows one to control the crystallization process. Phosphorus doping leads to faster crystallization and a grain size enhancement with a maximum grain size of 15 {micro}m. Using transmission electron microscopy they find a log-normal grain size distribution in their films. They demonstrate that this distribution not only arises from solid phase crystallization of amorphous Si but also from other crystallization processes based on random nucleation and growth. The log-normal grain size distribution seems to be a general feature of polycrystalline semiconductors.


WSN is the union of set of thousands of small sensor nodes, which have limited the capability of sensing, computing, and channeling the information in the network. Key pre distribution management is the most essential cryptographic in every kind of applications where security is worried. In recent years, there are many schemes proposed for the security, one of the central issues of these schemes is the key pre distribution management. In this paper, we classify the existing solutions and describe the key pre distribution techniques; we distinguish some advantages and disadvantages of those. In addition, we characterized all of the schemes by useful and useless properties of these. In order to categorize them, we draw taxonomy and table charts.


To study the process of embryo sac development and its abnormality in a triploid apple cultivar, developing ovules of triploid 'Mutsu' were histologically compared with those of diploid 'Golden Delicious' in a period from 1 or 2 days before anthesis through 20 days after cross-pollination.1. Mature egg apparatuses were found in embryo sacs of 'Golden Delicious', whereas they were not observed in 'Mutsu' on the day of anthesis. The percentage of embryo sacs containing a mature egg apparatus of synergids, egg and polar nuclei, and fertilized egg and polar nucleus was 85.4% in 'Mutsu', while it was 98.0% in 'Golden Delicious' 3 days after anthesis.2. The percentage of double-fertilized ovules was about 85-86% in 'Mutsu' and 97-99% in 'Golden Delicious'.3. The percentage of ovules having a non-divided zygote and/or primary endosperm nucleus, vas as high as 19.4-26.9% in 'Mutsu', whereas it was 1.9-6.2% in 'Golden Delicious'. Ovules containing non-divided zygotes and primary endosperm nuclei were most frequently observed in 'Mutsu'.4. The percentage of ovules having the embryo and/or endosperm degenerated at an early stage of development was 8.9% in 'Alutsu', but 2.5% in 'Golden Delicious'.5. In triploid 'Mutsu' the percentage of ovules lacking fertilization clue to imperfect female gametophytes was about 13%, and that of ovules containing an abnormal embryo and/or endosperm was approximately 28-36%. Such abnormal ones usually showed zygotes and primary endosperm nuclei without nuclear division.


Semantic Web is the next big thing on the Internet. It implies the general movement towards standardization and machine processable web information. As a part of this new wave, Microformats appear as the link between present and future web. They are the lower case Semantic Web, dedicated to both humans and machines. We used Microformats in the Distance Learning Center portal for encoding information related to staff, students, events and audio/ video material. We chose an open source software, Operator, as the tool we needed for the detection and processing of the implemented microformats: hCard, hCalendar and hAudio. The proposed approach is currently being tested with the fourth year students.


Career seekers find all the information they need to investigate a field and then narrow it down to a job that suits them. Each book gives an overview of the profession, outlines job options, and shows how to plan and prepare for a career. -- Ideal for college or college-bound students and anyone considering a career change -- Details the responsibilities, education and training required, employment outlooks, and advancement possibilities for dozens of careers -- Includes employment trends, statistics, and salary ranges


The invention relates to the field of semiconductor manufacture, in particular to a method of wafer annealing after bonding. The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follow. The method of wafer annealing after bonding is characterized by comprising the following steps. Firstly, a wafer after bonding is heated from room temperature to 300 DEG C with a heating rate of less than 15 DEG C per minute. Secondly, after the first step, heat preservation is performed on the wafer for more than one hour at the temperature of 300 DEG C. Thirdly, after the second step, the wafer is cooled to the room temperature with the cooling rate of less than 20 DEG C per minute. The method of wafer annealing after bonding has the advantages that in the process of annealing, the low rate is used for slowly heating and the low rate is used for slowly cooling, and modification of an existing device is basically not needed, the whole annealing process just needs one-time heating and one-time cooling. Control is simple, operation is convenient, existing annealing technology is simplified, wafer breaking caused by high rate of healing and cooling is effectively avoided, and productivity is improved.


The composition and properties of phosphate cement, the requirement of its materials needed are discussed. Its compositional materials are heavy burnt magnesia and polyphosphatic solution. The effect of features, the amount of magnesium oxide and phosphate on the cement properties are described. It can be used in large fabrication repairing and in industrial waste disposal.


A method for using Taxus media branches and leaves as a raw material to prepare high-purity 10-deacetyl baccatin III comprises the technological steps of (1) coarse extraction, (2) sedimentation, (3) adsorption, (4) dissolution, (5) crystallization and (6) recrystallization. According to the method, a crude product is dissolved by adopting different single solvents through macro-porous resin adsorption to remove a large amount of undissolved impurities, and then the high-purity 10-deacetyl baccatin III is obtained through multiple-time crystallization. The method is simple in process and low in cost and is beneficial to environmental protection, and operation is easy to master.


Fault-tolerant systems are expected to operate in a variety of devices ranging from standard PCs to embedded devices. In addition, the emergence of new software technologies has required these applications to meet the needs of heterogeneous software platforms. However, the existing approaches to build fault-tolerant systems are often targeted at a particular platform and software technology. The objective of this paper is to discuss the use of F l e x F T —a generic component-based framework for the construction of adaptive fault-tolerant systems that can integrate and reuse technologies and deploy them across heterogeneous devices. Furthermore, F l e x F T provides a standardized and interoperable interface for sensor observations by relying upon the "Sensor Web" paradigm established by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). We have implemented a Java prototype of our framework and evaluated the potential benefits by carrying out case studies and performance measurements. By implementing and deploying these case studies in standard PCs as well as in sensor nodes, we show that F l e x F T can cope with the problem of a wide degree of heterogeneity with minimal resource overheads.


(73) Assignee: TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC., the thermosetting resins is a multifunctional resin, and a Tokyo (JP) core-shell particle having a core and a shell, wherein a com position of the core is different from a composition of the 21) Appl. No.: 12/771.220 shell and the composition of the shell has a branched polvmer pp p y structure comprising at least one main chain and at least one (22) Filed: Apr. 30, 2010 side chain, the main chain or the side chain containing at least one functional group that reacts with the thermosetting resin, a method of manufacturing the resin composition, and a com (60) Provisional application No. 61/175,345, filed on May posite comprising a reinforcing fiber and the resin composi 4, 2009. tion. Related U.S. Application Data


The report summarizes the situation of the Chinese blind persons and the development of the Chinese Braille Publishing House, gives an introduction to the services provided by China Library for the Blind, describes the strategy for the future development of the library and plans the ways and means to implement this strategy.


The structure of the pulmonary alveolus and the capillary blood supply can be studied with a fair degree of accuracy in the living dog, through the transparent pleura. To study the functioning pulmonary alveolus by cutting into the lung tissue is not advisable, for many difficulties will arise, obscuring accurate observations. It is obvious that by cutting the lung we open the vessels and the air spaces


Over the course of a playing career that spanned roughly fifty years, John Mahon (pronoucned M'hone) introduced and popularized the clarinet as a solo and chamber instrument throughout Britain. He performed extensively in London and in many provincial towns. This article presents biographies of John and William Mahon, illustrations of contemporary clarinets and a basset horn, Mahon as a teacher, his music, and his influence and legacy. William Mahon's concerts and reviews and a conclusion end the article.


Purpose
In competitive environments, explicitly seeking institutional changes to adopt a new technology, rather than exploiting current resources, can harm more than help organizations' efforts to achieve their performance goals. However, institutionally embedded organizations often respond to the introduction of industry disruptive technology in counterproductive ways. This paper aims to study the paradox of embedded agency in competitive environments and explore the diffusion of new occupations associated with data analytics.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses the context of the Major League Baseball where the digital platform, PITCHf/x, implemented during 2006 and 2007 seasons facilitated the professional baseball clubs to create occupations for data analytics.

Findings
This study found that long-term low performance of organizations resulted in creating occupations for a new technology and deploying professionals to them and the public media's negative tenor mediated the relationship between the signal of institutional inefficiency and such a boundary work in a competitive environment.

Originality/value
This research enriches our understanding of the early disperse of a new occupation in the times of the emergence of digital platform by exploring the temporal attributes of organizational performance and the role of public media as the antecedents to embedded agency.


SOA architecture in e-commerce system does well in solving business collaboration and information sharing and other issues,but it also makes the whole system face a new security challenge.A SOA-based tourism e-commerce system security model is presented to resolve the security problems of SOA architecture in e-commerce.The main research methed is to extend existing security technology based on conventional security solutions,which realizes security needs in three levels to ensure safe message transport and reliability between service requester and provider.


ABSTRACT COVID-19 pandemic has affected one and all in unison. Different sectors, including the educational sector, have been disproportionately affected in developing and the least developed nations. Against this backdrop, this paper, while considering the impact that the pandemic has had on the education sector in developing nations viz. – India, South Africa, and Bangladesh, aims to bring to light the importance of teaching global mindset as there are several unique implications, challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for these nations. Using qualitative methodology, this research adopts an exploratory approach to understand how, among other things, the education sector can catalyze the development and teaching of a global mindset in the selected three countries and can be responsive even beyond. Ten semi-structured interviews have been conducted with "institutional heads/directors" across higher educational institutions in the nations under study to answer the research question that brings out three themes: global and local problem solving, resources, and international experiential learning and exposure toward developing a global mindset. Finally, while corroborating the findings of the research, the article also proposes a new definition of a "global mindset".


Aloe vera has been used worldwide both for pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries due to the plethora of biological activities of some of its metabolites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and antioxidant activities of the leaf extract. The antifungal activity was determined by the agar-well diffusion method against plant and human fungal pathogens. The methanol and ethanol portions of the extracts studied were more bioactive than ethyl acetate portion. It was also observed that the activity was more pronounced on plant pathogen than human pathogen except Candida albicans. This is an indication that the extract has the potential to treat plant fungal infections. The Aloe extract showed the significant antioxidant activity by the DPPH radical scavenging method. Therefore, the Aloe extract provided as natural antioxidant has been used in health foods for medical and preservative purposes.


Although widely viewed as entertainment, online amateur videos also comprise a form of interpersonal communication. In this article the author analyses communication about gender occurring on the Animutation Portal, an online website created by and for members of a subcultural group interested in a genre of animated videos termed 'animutations'. Conversations often cross from text to video and back, creating meaning that is lost if the videos are analysed solely as creative media productions.


The research and measurement methods used in the determination of the exchange properties are described. For characterization of the applicability of Radgendorf clay as an ion exchanger, the results are given for exchange velocity, effect of pH, grain size influence, and temperature dependence for cesium and strontium. The exchange capacity of the clay can be determined with the help of agitation and column studies. For the column research a stabilization of the clay was necessary. In order to obtain a survey on the changes in the exchange capacity caused by inactive salts such as NaNO/sub 3/, Ca(NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/, and Al(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/, comparative studies were made. The cesium selectivity of the clay was established. On the basis of this selectivity, samples of Radgendorf clay are suitable for the separation of Cs/sup 137/ and Sr/sup 90/. The possibility of separating Cs/sup 137/ from fission product mixtures for the preparation of radioactive sources is shown. (tr-auth)


More than 1.6 billion people worldwide are still at risk of NTDs. Over 500,000 people die annually from the consequences of NTDs and millions suffer a tripartite effect of physical pain including long-term deformities and disabilities, social stigmatization and marginalization resulting in emotional pain, and economic burden often creating poverty traps. These group of diseases are a public health problem for poor populations living in tropical environments and difficult-to-access areas. Confirming their neglected status, only 0.6% of global healthcare funding goes to controlling NTDs.


Since its discovery in the United States in 1916, Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) has become the nemesis of agriculturists and home gardeners. Larvae in the soil, feed on grass roots, damaging turf, and adults feed on many species of plants, skeletonizing leaves. Together, they cost around 450 million dollars in control annually. Chemical and cultural methods are used to control the pest, with varying success. Pheromone traps containing feeding lures are effective at attracting the beetles from surrounding areas, but the beetles then have to be killed. We conducted a study to explore the use of the trap as an autodissemination device in which attracted beetles are infected with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) prior to their release. A bioassay evaluated the effectiveness of twenty nematode EPNs to infect adult beetles and cause mortality. All twenty EPNs were able to infect and kill the beetles. Adult beetles were then infected with an EPN from the bioassay and placed in outdoor cages, to assess the vertical transfer of the EPNs from adults to offspring. As beetle larvae were unaffected by the treatment and no EPNs were recovered from the plots, the ability of four different EPNs to develop and reproduce in adult beetles was measured. Among the four tested, only the two Steinernema EPNs were able to develop into adults and reproduce in the beetle. Further studies will concentrate on the two most virulent Steinernema EPNs for developing control strategies for the adult Japanese beetles in the field.


Objective To assess a pedicled gracilis muscle flap pre‐laminated with autologous, in vitro‐expanded urothelial cells to reconstruct an entire supratrigonal bladder‐wall defect in rats.


Solvent-free microwave pretreatment ( SFMP) coupled with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution stir extraction was applied to the extraction of capsaicinoids. In the microwave pretreatment,Carbonyl iron powders ( CIP) was added into the samples,which was used as microwave absorption medium. Then,based on the reaction with capsaicinoids,NaOH aqueous solution was used to extract the capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method shortened the extraction time, increased the extraction yield and avoided the pollution of laboratory caused by organic solvent.


Cloud gaming has been very popular in recent years, but issues relating to maintaining low interaction delay to guarantee satisfactory user experience are still prevalent. We observe that the server-side processing delay in cloud gaming system could be heavily influenced by how the resources are partitioned among processes. However, finding the optimal partitioning policy that minimizes the response delay faces several critical challenges. First, fine-grained resource partitioning is non-trivial due to the limitations of hardwre-based resource isolation techniques. Second, game wokload is highly dynamic and unpredictable, making the design of efficient resource partitioning policy more challenging. In this article, we propose an online resource partitioning framework for reducing response delay in cloud gaming, which has several promising properties. First, we divide the processes into disjoint groups and partition resources among process groups, which greatly simplifies the resource partitioning problem while ensuring high partitioning effectiveness. Second, to tackle dynamic workload changes, we classify game workloads into several clusters and maintain separate process grouping plan for each cluster. Third, we leverage reinforcement learning to adaptively choose the best actions for minimizing response delay in real time. We evaluate the proposed framework in a real cloud gaming environment using several real games. The experimental results show that our approach can reduce the response delay by 22 to 41 percent compared to a system without resource partitioning, and outperforms other resource partitioning policies significantly.


Interfacing DUTs and ATE for testing at clock rates in the high hundreds of MHz with timing accuracy constraints of a few ten picoseconds and high pin count or high parallelism requirements significantly increases device interface development efforts. Current device interface design, manufacturing and test methods are no longer sufficient and contribute to rising test costs. This paper describes an approach to achieve appropriate device interface performance under high data rate/high pin count requirements, applying a combination of measurement and virtual test techniques to device interface development.


The comment section in public websites, while reflecting public opinion and enabling people to provide constructive criticism or to show appreciation, can be viewed by some people as a stage to use vulgar and offensive words without any consequences. With the rising popularity of micro-blogging websites like Facebook, Twitter etc., Bangla Language speakers' tendency to use code-mixing and transliteration is increasing as well. Manually checking and removing abusive comments from public websites can get tedious, which is undesirable in the present day of technological automation. In this paper, we propose a method to detect abusive comments using Machine Learning algorithms. This paper works not only with Bangla text but also with Bangla-English code-mixed text and transliterated Bangla text. The proposed method involves great amount of preprocessing as a result of people's disregard for correct spelling, grammar and punctuation when it comes to writing comments on the internet. For the dataset, we collected comments from public Facebook pages along with the number of likes they got. For features, we used Unigrams, Bigrams, number of likes, emojis along with their categories, sentiment scores, offensive and threatening words used in the comments, detected using our proposed algorithm, and the number of abusive words in each comment. The aforementioned algorithm can detect profanitypes too. After experimenting with three Machine Learning algorithms, namely Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and Adaboost, the proposed method achieved a highest accuracy of 72.14%.


Problem statement: This study investigated the causal relationship be tween financial market development and economic growth for United Kingdom for the period 1965-2007 using a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Questions were raised whether financial market development causes economic growth or reversely taking into acc ount the negative effect of interest rate. The objective of this study was to examine the causal r elationships between these variables using Granger causality tests based on a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Approach: To achieve this objective classical and panel unit root tests were carried out for all time series data in their level s and their first differences. Johansen co-integration an alysis was applied to examine whether the variables are co-integrated of the same order taking into acc ount the maximum eigenvalues and trace statistics tests. A vector error correction model was selected to investigate the long-run relationship between financial market development and economic growth. Finally, Granger causality test was applied in order to find the direction of causality between th e examined variables of the estimated model. Results: A short-run increase economic growth of per 1% lea ded to an increase of stock market index per 0.6% in United Kingdom, while an increase of interest rate per 1% leaded to a decrease of stock market index per 1.59% in United Kingdom. The estimated coefficient of error correction term found statistically significant with a negative sign, whi ch confirmed that there was not any problem in the long-run equilibrium between the examined variables. The results of Granger causality tests indicated that there is a bilateral causal relationship betwe en economic growth and financial market development. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be inferred that economic growth has a positive effect on financial market development, while interest rate h as a negative effect on it in United Kingdom.


UNLABELLED
A new papillotome was designed to overcome certain drawbacks of the needle-knife, that is most commonly used for precut sphincterotomies. The intention was to develop an instrument at least as good as the needle-knife or the Erlangen-type precut papillotome for precut procedures. In addition, it had to be suitable for direct cannulation of the biliary or pancreatic duct.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
According to a prospective protocol 54 patients in whom a papillotomy was indicated were examined with the new instrument. The protocol allowed three futile attempts to cannulate or two inadvertant cannulations of the pancreatic duct with a standard cannula and hydrophilic guide wire before a precut was performed. The new baby-papillotome has a diameter of only 1 mm and a short 10 mm cutting wire. Similar to a guide wire it is introduced via a 6F- or 7F-introducer catheter.

RESULTS
Cannulation of the desired duct (the bile duct in 48 patients, the pancreatic duct in five patients, Billroth II anatomy in three patients) was successful within one session in 98% (53/54). In one patient, the bile duct was successfully cannulated in a second session using the baby-papillotome, resulting in an overall success rate of 100%. Primary cannulation using the new papillotome without precut was obtained in 24% (13/54). Complications were mild pancreatitis in one patient and nonsignificant bleeding in three (immediate endoscopic hemostasis in all, no transfusions, no drop of hematocrit). There were no serious complications.

CONCLUSION
The new baby-papillotome is suitable for precut as well as for primary cannulation. In this first series, the desired duct was cannulated in 98% within the first session with a low complication rate. Further studies of the new instrument seem desirable.


Background: Pregnancy alters the body's immune system and response to viral infections in general, which can occasionally cause more severe symptoms. This may be the same for COVID-19 but there is currently no evidence that pregnant women are more likely to need admission to intensive care or have increased morbidity and mortality than non-pregnant adults. This study was undertaken at Govt RSRM Lying in Hospital, Royapuram, and Chennai which is a tertiary care institution and referral centre for all COVID positive antenatal patients from the surrounding Containment areas. Aim of the study: To study the maternal and neonatal outcome of COVID positive antenatal patients admitted in GOVT RSRM Lying in Hospital. Methodology: All patients who delivered in the COVID ward of our hospital have been observed and their maternal and neonatal outcome and recovery was documented. Study Period: From April 2020 to July 2020 Results: 741 patients were admitted in the COVID ward of our hospital from April to July 2020. Totally 301 patients delivered during this period with 151 LSCS, 138 Labournaturale and 12 Outlet forceps deliveries. 76.4% of the patients belonged to the age group of 21 to 30 years. 57 patients were primigravida and 244 patients were multigravida patients.97.3% of the patients were asymptomatic and were detected as COVID Positive in routine antenatal screening or contact tracing.93.4% of the patients admitted in COVID ward were from the major containment areas of Chennai like Tondiarpet and Royapuram. The COVID positive patients had obstetric complications like GHTN, GDM and also other comorbidities. Conclusion: All antenatal patients nearing delivery are now being universally screened for COVID 19 infection and isolation and contact tracing is being done. Public health measure like Social distancing, hand washing, avoiding crowded areas and wearing protective face masks will go a long way in the control of the pandemic.


Linear quadratic optimal filtering theory is used to extend a deterministic system for bank-to-turn control under CLOS guidance, for use in stochastic conditions. Both stationary and moving targets are treated, and the modifications to the deterministic designs are established. Simulation results demonstrate the potential of the new filter controllers for BTT control in terms of improved terminal accuracy and reduced susceptibility to noise-induced roll motion.


The aims of the research was to improve (1) students learning motivation
in stoichiometry subject by using GI (Group Investigation) cooperative method
assisted by electronic module, (2) learning achievement in stoichiometry subject
by using GI (Group Investigation) cooperative method assisted by electronic
module.
The research was a Classroom Action Research which was held in two
cycles. Each cycle contains four such as planning, acting, observing, and
reflecting. The subject of the research was class XB of SMA Negeri 1 Tawangsari
in the academic year of2010/2011. The data were obtained by observation,
interview, test, quetionaire, and documentation. The technique which used to
analize the data was qualitative descriptive.
The result of the research showedthat (1) The application of cooperative
learning by using GI(Group Investigation) method assisted by electronic module
can improve the student"slearning motivation in stoichiometry subject. It canbe
seen from the implementation of cycle I and cycle II. In cycle I, the average
percentage of student"slearning motivation was 74.02% and increased to 74.91%
in cycle II. (2) The application of cooperative learning by using GI(Group
Investigation) method assisted by electronic module can improve student"s
achievement in the stoichiometry subject. In this research, student"s achievement
includes three aspects such as students learning completion, student"s satisfaction
aspect, and students affective aspect. Based on the test result in cycle I and cycle
II, students learning completion reached up to 38.88% and 80.55% in cycle II.
Viewed from students satisfaction aspect, there was an improvement from 70.36%
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
viii
in cycle I to 74.41% in cycle II. Finally, from students affective aspect which was
viewed from students attitude and student learning interest, it can be seen that
there was an improvement from 70.36% in cycle I to 72.33 in cycle II.


This article presents a district-level case study of the rural school district of Berkeley County, South Carolina. The district approaches the implementation and monitoring of schoolwide programs in creative ways that result in substantially improved student performance. District support for school planning, fund management, research and evaluation, innovative programs, compliance monitoring, parenting, and staff development is duplicated at the school level for 21 sites serving over 12,000 students through an annual budget that exceeds $3.5 million. The conclusion of the case study is that flexibility for school planning and program implementations presently allowed through Title I schoolwide programs greatly enhances opportunities for improving student achievement only when comprehensive school planning, accompanied by school-based funding, becomes an integral component of school district philosophy.


ABSTRACT Several preparations, aimed as additives to microbial broth media were obtained from waste yeast cells usually discarded by two Bulgarian breweries. The products were assessed with respect to their ability to stimulate microbial growth, simplicity of obtaining, maximal yield of soluble substances from the starting material, necessity of expensive equipment, expenditure of materials, chemicals, and time. It was established that the preparation, obtained by usual autolysis at elevated temperatures, filtration through two sheets of gauze, vacuum concentration, addition of starch, drying, grinding and sieving is the preferable one because of its high ability for stimulating bacterial growth and easiness of obtaining. The turbidity, caused by the starch and some dead yeast cells is no obstacle since they remain blocked in the agar layer. When clear liquid media is necessary to be prepared, these particles are easily eliminated before the sterilisation step of the media by filtration through ordinary filter paper. It is well known that usually, such filtration step is necessary when peptone media are prepared.


This thesis entitled: "Amendments to the Organic Law of Elections, Code of Democracy, with respect to regulating the percentage with which the candidate with the greatest number of votes is proclaimed winner", refers to the norm, with which , the candidate who has reached the highest number of votes in a territorial district is proclaimed the winner of the sectional elections, regardless of whether this percentage is greater than 50% of the number of legally registered voters; not being established a certain percentage, and being an unfinished rule, leads to the creation of a legal void, which violates rights and principles regulated in the Constitution.
Democracy is the will of the majorities expressed through suffrage; The Majority Principle establishes that, collective resolutions must be considered with 50% plus one of the absolute majority, taking into consideration these two principles, the authority would be democratically elected, respecting the sovereign will of the people, besides enjoying legitimacy and attribute the ownership of power.
With the aforementioned background, I formulate my proposal to amend the law to article 155 of the Code of Democracy, with the aim of guaranteeing the physical and written expression of the sovereign will of the Ecuadorian people, which is also the Law.


View factors for two real geometries of continuous furnace with cylindrical bars and sectional pusher furnace of ball-rolling workshop are calculated with the help of previously developed method of automatic choosing the number of quadrature nodes. It is shown that the method is several times faster and also more accurate than standard calculation.


Land imperviousness reflects settlement growth and urban sprawl. Grounded on a comparative approach, a set of multidimensional statistical techniques were adopted here to quantify the evolution of land imperviousness from Copernicus High-Resolution Layers (HRLs) in a representative case study of Southern Europe (Athens, Greece). A two-way data matrix reporting the percent share of the surface land exposed to different sealing levels (101 classes ranging continuously from 0% to 100%) in the total municipal area was computed for two years (2006 and 2018) individually for 115 municipalities in metropolitan Athens. This matrix represented the information base needed to derive place-specific urban footprints and a comprehensive (global) profile of land imperviousness. Results of a Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) delineated a metropolitan structure still organized along the density gradient, moving from dense settlements in central locations with dominant land classes sealed for more than 90% of their surface area to completely pervious land (0%) typical of rural locations. While the density gradient became less steep between 2006 and 2018, it continued to aliment a socioeconomic polarization in urban and rural districts with distinctive profiles of land imperviousness. Intermediate locations had more mixed imperviousness profiles as a result of urban sprawl. Differential profiles reflect place-specific urban footprints with distinctive land take rates.


The Law of Higher Education of the People's Republic of China gives a new task for colleges and universities to "foster high level specialists with enterprising spirit and practcial ability". It is a major task lying in front of every higher educator. Colleges and universities must start with this new task, develep thinking and expound ideas by focusing on the understanding of it and means to realize it. The article has some reference value to fulfill the new task of higher education.


The volume under consideration, Knowledge and Skills for Life, is a report based on the Ž ndings of an international survey of pupils' achievements organised under the aegis of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) as part of a wide programme for the production of educational indicators. Writing a critique of a report 'published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD' (p. 4) which gives an account of the methodology and results of such a project is necessarily an exercise very different from reviewing a straightforward scientiŽ c piece since this implies writing de facto about the survey itself and the background to it. This is the perilous enterprise which I am attempting below. I will start by explaining why the report bears the subtitle First Results from PISA 2000. Having established that PISA stands for Programme for International Student Assessment, the reader must be aware that, as is outlined in chapter 1 of the report, PISA is not a one-off study but pledges to be repeated every three years, in order to measure changes in pupils' achievements over time. Knowledge and Skills for Life gives an account of the Ž rst cycle which was launched three years ago and dubbed PISA 2000. This Ž rst cycle is mostly assessing reading literacy, while mathematics and science are minor domains. Those will, in turn, be developed in the following cycles. In the second cycle the major domain will be mathematics and in the third, science.


Dynamic geometry software has played a major role in the renewal of geometry teaching that occurred in recent years. These computer programs produce visually accurate representations of geometrical objects and relations, which can be manipulated with simple point-and-click mouse operations. In this paper we discuss how dynamic geometry programs can be transformed into environments for learning geometrical optics. In particular, we suggest that well known conceptual difficulties frequently encountered by students of this discipline may be reduced with help of dynamic geometry. We show examples of how reflection and refraction phenomena can be studied with these tools.


The ruling span method is used by line engineers to calculate the approximate tension in a multi-span dead-ended line section. Providing satisfactory results for level spans, it may, however, result in an error of over 30% if it is used to calculate tensions in significantly long and steep spans e.g., in mountainous terrain. Following the ruling span concept in general, this paper presents equations to calculate tensions for inclined single spans or multi-span line sections based on calculation of conductor length in three-dimensional space. These equations include the equivalent parameters such as equivalent inclined span, equivalent slope, equivalent load, equivalent effective tension-all needed to take into account the effect on tension of the changing geometry and length of conductors in significantly inclined spans. The numerical examples show the effect of span inclination on conductor tension calculated using these equations. A simple and accurate equation (without hyperbolic functions) is derived to calculate conductor length in an inclined span. This paper also addresses calculation of sags in nonlevel spans. The presented method integrates the practicality of the ruling span concept with the accuracy of the three-dimensional vector method for analysis of inclined spans. This method is most efficient for overhead lines in mountainous terrain.


Do employees possess a moral right to democratic voice at work? In A Preface To Economic Democracy and other writings over the past two decades, Robert Dahl has developed a neo-Kantian proof for the existence of such a right. Even if we accept the norm of distributive justice upon which Dahl founds his proof, voluntary subjection to authoritarian power in firms does not violate the legitimate entitlements of employees. While adult residents of territorial associations do possess a moral right to political equality, polities and firms are qualitatively different types of associations in which the entitlements of subjects are distinct. Subjection to power is acquired in different ways in the two kinds of associations, and this difference deprives employees—but not residents—of a right to democratic voice as a matter of moral desert. Throughout his career, Robert Dahl has been troubled by the different ways in which those who govern polities and firms are chosen in modern society. While democracy is the norm in the state, at least in the advanced industrial nations, authoritarianism prevails in the economy. Most employees are subject to managers they did not elect and to rules in which they had little or no say. They are subordinates, a role manifestly at odds with the ideal of the democratic citizen. Given the "contradictions between our commitment to the democratic ideal and the theory and practice of hierarchy in our daily lives,"


THIS volume aims at providing the experimental worker in physiology, pharmacology and experimental medicine with a survey of our present knowledge of the biliary secretion. It is intended to be read, however, in conjunction with a companion volume by the author called "Chemistry of the Sterids". Without reference to the latter, certain sections on the bile acids in the present book are not clear, since the author refers to the rings and carbon atoms of the bile acid structure by numbers ; for example, "ring III", "C11= C12"; these sections would be much easier to read if a skeleton structural formula of the bile acids with the rings and C atoms appropriately numbered were included, thus avoiding unnecessary references to the companion volume.Physiological Chemistry of the BileBy Harry Sobotka. Pp. xii + 202. (London: Baillière, Tindall and Cox, 1937.) 13s. 6d.


Objective To expound that the expression of CK20mRNA in peripheral blood of patients with colorectal carcinoma can be a helpful marker of circulating dissemination of carcinoma cells.Methods Using nested reverse transcriptase-ploymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR) technique,cytokeratin20(CK20)mRNA in peripheral blood of 34 patients with colorectal carcinoma,and 20 cases of control group were detected at various time points before and after operation.Results The expression of CK20mRNA in peripheral blood of 20 cases of control group and 6 patients with primary hepatic carcinoma were all negative.The positive rate of CK20mRNA in peripheral blood of 34 patients with colorectal carcinoma was 64.17% before operation.The positive rate of CK20mRNA was 67.65% 3d after operation.The positive detection of CK20mRNA in peripheral blood was significantly correlated with Dukes′ stage,lympho node metastasis and liver metastasis,but had no coincidence with differentiation of colorectal carcinoma.Conclusion The expression of CK20mRNA was a helpful marker of circulating dissemination of colorectal cancer cells.It can be helpful to the judgment of prognosis of colorectal carcinoma.Surgical manipulation may provoke cancer cell dissemination,so the preventive measures should be reinforced during operation.


The question of a woman's age has always been considered to be her inscrutable secret. If ever volunteered, her stated age would invariably be accepted as a fanciful flight from reality. The numerous anecdotes of entertainers and after-dinner speakers bear ample testimony to the common belief that in a comparison of the sexes, the female specializes in prevaricating about her true age. Although quite capable of defending her sex against insults, whether justifiable or not, womankind has accepted with passivity the commonly accepted notion that lying about age is part and parcel of being a female. Throughout the centuries, however, an injustice may have been done to women by virtue of such allegation. We have, therefore, attempted to evaluate this ageold belief, by making an eight-year survey of the lying propensities of male and female adults in different age groups with regard to their answer to a simple question, namely, "How old are you?" No comparable study could be found in a survey of the medical literature.


Indonesia does not yet have a proper waste management system to deal with the increasing amount and various types of waste. Waste management with 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) is currently considered the most effective way to deal with waste. Knowledge of 3R waste management has been included in the school curriculum in environmental education, which is one of the implementations of the Adiwiyata Program. This study aims to determine the level of environmental knowledge, determine student attitudes towards 3R waste management, and determine the relationship between the two. This research is a correlational study with a quantitative approach. 51 students were selected by cluster random sampling from 165 students in class VIII MTsN 10 Hulu Sungai Selatan. Instruments in the form of tests and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. The results showed that the average score of environmental knowledge was 78.28 which was included in the high category, the attitude of students in 3R waste management showed an average score of 71.69 in the good category, and the relationship between the two was 0.576 on the test. pearson correlation which means there is a moderate correlation with a positive relationship.


A nerve regeneration device comprises a support structure having an outer surface and a plurality of conduits extending therethrough, the support structure comprising a first extracellular matrix (ECM) material from a mammalian tissue source, the support structure outer layer including at least a first layer comprising a first ECM composition having at least a second ECM material from a mammalian tissue source. When the nerve regeneration device is deployed proximate damaged neural tissue, the device induces modulated healing of the damaged tissue.


Dispositionalism of color claims that colors are dispositions to cause certain sorts of visual experiences in perceivers. Lately, this theory has been criticized as conflicting with the phenomenology of color experiences. Critics insist that our visual experiences represent colors not as dispositional properties, but as simple, monadic, intrinsic features of physical objects, and that this poses a serious threat to dispositionalism. First, I will examine four versions of this kind of objection and defend dispositionalism against them. Second, based on these considerations, I will explicate the notion of 'certain sorts of visual experiences' that dispositionalists refer to. More specifically, I will offer a promising view of color experiences through examining the phenomenon


By definition of the World Health Organization (WHO), e-health relates to the use of information and communication technologies for health services. This incorporates digital patient charts, access to their respective health records by the patient and treating physicians as well as medical apps (applications) for monitoring of health parameters and interacting with health care professionals and peers. The use and initiatives and legislations concerning e-health have become increasingly wide spread across the world. With the continued popularity of smartphones in recent years, both smartphone applications and social media are progressively used. In 2018, worldwide users of social media were estimated at 3.196 billion, accounting for 42% of the global population. Social media use has grown enormously in the last decade, with a plus of 13% in 2017 alone. More than half and two thirds of the world's population are connected to the internet and having a mobile phone respectively. The roll-out of mobile solutions, affordable smartphones and broadband internet in remote areas on the globe allow for quicker and more specialised medical encounters. These developments enable people also to conveniently interact, access knowledge and take part in continued medical education regardless of geographical location. Mobile health (m-health) services range from toll free emergency numbers or health call centres (available in 75% of WHO countries) to treatment adherence and surveillance programs (48% of WHO countries). Fields, like radiology apply telehealth already very successfully, which leads to greater health equity globally. Therefore, e-health provides people with health conditions, particularly chronic conditions such as rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs), with new opportunities to identify information about their disease and treatment, as well as the ability to connect. The use of e-health solutions for collecting patient reported outcomes (PRO) enables patients to more realistically depict on how they are doing over time, provides better comparisons and changes the dynamic of feedback and the potential most appropriate time point for clinical encounters. Online health users with rheumatoid arthritis do currently however not represent the general population of people with RA, since there are more often younger, do have shorter disease duration and live in rural areas. At the same time, they define an additional group for clinical trials and have a high willingness to participate, which outlines new avenues for recruitment of patients into trials. Still, continued constant use of m-health applications is less common. One third of people that started using a mobile health app are using it on daily or weekly basis. The use of apps does not always coincide with better outcomes as could be shown in a trial incorporating people with poorly controlled hypertension. This indicates, despite all positive developments and opportunities over the last decade, that there is still a long way ahead to tailor e-health initiatives to result in more optimised work flows for health care professionals and better health management for everyone. Disclosure of Interests: None declared


A total of 200 rainfall models were constructed with the slope ratio, rainfall intensity and rainfall duration as the variables for the stable state changes of the loess slope under rainfall conditions. Based on the Fredlund theory combined with the finite element numerical simulation software and the soil mechanics method, the changes of the volume water content and pore water pressure of the slope slope with the rain intensity and the rainfall time were analyzed, and the limit equilibrium theory was obtained. The results show that the rainfall time of the lower slope is different in different rainfall intensity. In the case of slope gradient, the corresponding stability coefficient will decrease with the increase of rain intensity. With the increase of rainfall, the contours of the volume water content and pore water pressure of the slope shoulder and slope foot are becoming more and more intensive.


The objective of the present work was to evaluate the weight gain in lambs using two systems of parasite control in between 14/11/04 and 14/03/05. Thirty four animals of the Ile de France breed where used in two groups of 17 animals (G1 and G2). The G1 group was evaluated at 14-days interval using Famacha, diarrhea and body condition score and fecal exam (EPG) at the same frequency being treated with moxidectin in case they manifested any clinical sign. The G2 group was treated with the same compound at 30-days interval. The correlation of Famacha 2, 3 and 4 and the variables EPG and weight was of 0,903 and 0,662, respectively. The groups demonstrated no difference on their final weight gain (P=0,110). There was the predominance of the Haemonchus contortus species for G1 (62,94%) and G2 (64,14%). The option to treat animals using the selective system reduced by 87,5% the treatment cost when compared with the preventive regime. The target selective treatment using the Famacha method allows a very efficient parasite control when there is a high prevalence of the parasite H. contortus. The data permit inferring about the possibility to select less tolerant animals during a period of heavier parasite challenge.


Abstract : Congratulations! You have just become a new program manager! The outgoing program manager, however, has implied the program you just inherited seems to lack strong communication and essential coordination among its integrated product teams, and team members are over-protecting information between government and contractor teams. No one wants to share key data. Everybody is too guarded. To make matters worse, certain IPTs are surprised that leadership has not implemented some key information-dissemination initiatives that are so essential to the upcoming engineering, manufacturing, and development phase. After reflecting on those apparent issues, you wonder what action you need to take first. You and your team suspect your success will be invariably shaped by your initial decisions.


This paper presents a high-resolution 110dB SNR ΔΣ ADC that achieves a ±30V input common-mode voltage range (CMVR) while powered from a single 5V supply. This beyond-the-rails capability is obtained by employing a capacitively coupled high-voltage (HV) chopper at the input of a switched-capacitor (SC) ΔΣ ADC. Furthermore, the use of correlated double sampling and system-level chopping results in a maximum offset of 8uV over the full CMVR. In contrast to a recent HV ADC [1], the ADC exhibits 30dB more resolution, while its CMVR extends below the negative rail.


Anyone who has followed a young child's language development knows that children often imitate adults (and other children). However, imitation has been a taboo subject in the study of language acquisition since Chomsky's routing of behaviourism in the late 1950s. Imitation plays a crucial role in behaviourist accounts of language learning, but Chomsky argued that the most interesting questions about language acquisition have nothing to do with imitation they are about how children extract, from unreliable data, rules that tell them how to construct sentences of their language. Chomsky identified


There is no denying the fact that since times immemorial, motherhood has been the Weltgeist and deciding factors in the lives of human beings. Grown out of Woman's urge to satisfy her spiritual quest and to find an explanation to the mysterious riddles of the universe she in habits, religion or faith or belief calls it. Whatever, in its ritualistic aspect or ideological form has guided shaped, controlled and dominated mother's life from "the alpha and the Omega" (from birth to death) and continue to do so.


This paper describes a Stirling Engine used as an Auxiliary Power Unit in a Series Hybrid Vehicle. The engine modeling is presented, then its integration in the vehicle power train is described. Fuel consumption, power train efficiency are compared between Stirling Engines and Spark ignition Engines. The results show that Stirling engines present good performances compared to internal combustion engines in the same configuration. Finally, the prototype design and first results are presented.


PURPOSE: To solve the problem in a conventional 3D display portable information terminal, that it is not economical because of its high price and large power consumption the two cameras provided in it. CONSTITUTION: Portable equipment having a 3D display function comprises: one photographing means; a means for preparing a 3D picture by providing parallax information to a picture photographed by means of the photographing means; and a display means allowing to display the prepared 3D picture.


Conventional cytotoxic drugs have useful activity but lack tumour selectivity due to indiscriminate inhibition of cell division in tumour and normal tissue Most of the cytotoxic drugs in use today are analogues of a small number of first-generation agents Targeted drugs are agents designed to exploit the increasing understanding of the molecular and cellular pathology of cancer In the development of targeted drugs the stages of target identification and validation are the most important and challenging Targeted drugs with significant clinical activity have been identified, notably imatinib for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia and trastuzumab for HER-2/C-erbB2 expressing breast cancer.


AIM: To study the protective effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on myocardial ischemia in rats and their underlying mechanism. METHODS: A rat myocardial ischemic injury model was established by left coronary artery ligation. The rats were killed at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h after coronary artery occlusion. The samples of blood and myocardium were collected for observing the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in myocardial cells and the changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or myocardial enzymes. RESULTS: The amount of Bcl-2 protein expression of myocardial cells in ischemia + bFGF group was significantly higher than that in ischemia+saline group (P0.01) at 2 h, 4 h after coronary artery occlusion. However, the change of Bax protein expression was reversed (P0.05). The activity of SOD in ischemia+bFGF group was higher than that in ischemia+saline group, and the changes of LDH, CK-MB and α-HBDH in ischemia+bFGF group were reversed (P0.05) in serum. CONCLUSION: bFGF has protective effects against myocardial ischemia in rats. [


Flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) is a versatile process for the production of inorganic nanoparticles featuring the advantage that the reagents are directly dissolved in the liquid fuel that is atomized to form the burning flame. A majority of previous studies on flame spray pyrolysis is focused on the formation and growth processes of the nanoparticles but neglect the preceding step of precursor atomization and spray formation. In this work an atomization concept for large‐scale nanoparticle production by flame spray pyrolysis is presented. A pressure swirl nozzle is applied for creating a liquid hollow cone, and in a second step, different dispersion gas nozzles are utilized to enhance the atomization of the liquid phase and to influence the spray cone formation and geometry. The relevant parameters influencing the atomization process (dispersion gas feed rate, liquid feed rate) are investigated (for air, water) in non‐burning (cold) spray conditions in order to access the utilization of the different atomizer concepts for the flame spray pyrolysis‐process. Measurements are conducted by applying high speed camera imaging (HSC), particle image velocimetry (PIV) and laser diffraction spectroscopy (LDS). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) revealed further insight into the gas entrainment and the trajectory of droplets within the spray. Results show that the liquid volume flow rate (and thus the productivity of the process) may be increased significantly while still maintaining an appropriate droplet size compared to the conventional atomization process conditions in flame spray pyrolysis reactors.


The she-wolf with the twins, Romulus and Remus, was identified as a symbol of Rome by both the Romans themselves and nations under the Roman rule. In this essay I will discuss the Lupa Romana in Roman provincial art. I will present various visual representations of the she-wolf both in the public use and in objects related to private life, and analyze the she-wolf's symbolic meaning.The Lupa Romana was an iconic scene that was not used randomly in provincial art. It represented in the first place the idea of romanitas, being Roman. In some cases the use of the symbol could have been in consequence of instructions from Rome itself or from provincial authorities that depended on Rome, but in most cases the motif was used by the inhabitants of the provinces themselves. It can be seen as an expression of loyalty to Rome and the emperor, but at the same time the message could have been directed to other members of the community, too. As romanitas was associated with higher social status, the she-wolf motif in ...


The monocation [Ru('S 6 ' −CH=CH 2 )] + , [2] + , ('S 6 ' −CH=CH 2 − = dibenzo-hexathiaoctadec-17-ene(1−)) forms under normal conditions by S−C bond cleavage in an irreversible and selective reaction on treating salts of the dication [Ru(bzo 2 −18S6)] 2+ , [I] 2+ , (bzo 2 −18S6=dibenzo-hexathiacyclooctadecane) with one equivalent of base. This reaction demonstrates the drastic S−C activation in coordinated thioethers and should be taken into consideration when cofactors are isolated from metal sulfur enzymes


This paper presents a compact, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) microstrip-line-fed wide-slot antenna with good isolation for wideband applications. The proposed antenna consists of a large wide-slot formed by four asymmetric elliptical wide-slots (AEWSs) of different dimensions. These AEWSs when merged together, give the wideband response of 7.71 GHz (5.77-13.48 GHz; 80.1%) and good isolation with $|S_{21}|\lt$-20dB. The peak gain and maximum radiation efficiency of 8.66 dB and 88.58% respectively are obtained within the passband. The proposed antenna shows good diversity performance in terms of exceptionally low envelope correlation coefficient (>0.003) and low capacity loss of 0.12. Also, the maximum multiplexing efficiency of 88.56% (or -1.05dB) along with total active reflection coefficient below 0dB are reported in the entire frequency band. The proposed MIMO antenna has compact overall dimensions of $22\times 24mm^{2}$ that makes it a suitable candidate for modern handheld and portable wireless devices.


Precise control over the shape and elemental composition of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) is challenging, especially for anisotropic growth. While the most studied nanocrystal syntheses involve homogenous nucleation and growth, the solution-based approach involving heterogenous growth from ion conductive seeds has proved to be very efficient yet less explored. The static nature and superionic conductivity of the seeds enable rapid cation transport for catalysis of defect-free, phase pure NC growth. This review aims to explain the significance of ion-conductive solid seed-based synthesis from a mechanistic point of view to produce 1D and quasi-1D NCs for applications such as photocatalysis, photovoltaics, and photodetectors. We highlight the significant synthetic information reported for heterostructure and alloyed metal chalcogenide NCs synthesized via solution–solid–solid and diffusion-controlled growth based on several kinetic and thermodynamic growth parameters. We also provide a perspective on the areas that hold promise and are in need of further development.


A new formal approach to the problem of scattering from a rough surface is derived. The first ingredient of this approach is a formal statement of the composite model. This consists of an approximate expression for the change in the scattering amplitude corresponding to a perturbation of a reference surface. It is good to first order in the perturbation, and exact with respect to the reference surface. The derivation of this result makes use of the general asymptotic form of the scattering solution. The expression is simplified using the boundary conditions. When the formal composite model is applied to an unfinitesimal translation, a new representation of the scattering amplitude is obtained. Unlike the traditional representation, this expression depends on two full solutions to the wave equation, and it manifestly exhibits reciprocity. This article is the first in a series. Application of the results will be considered in future papers.


In this paper, we examined the effect of positive affect and negative affect on the life satisfaction in the workplace. Also, this study focused on an empirical test of the role of work self-efficacy and work meaningfulness in the subjective well-being of office worker. To achieve this purpose, we suggested a research model consisting of factors such as work self-efficacy, work meaningfulness, positive affect, negative affect, life satisfaction. Data was collected using the survey method, and analyzed using structural ∙제1저자 : 이종만 ∙교신저자 : 이종만 ∙투고일 : 2014. 12. 3, 심사일 : 2014. 12. 24, 게재확정일 : 2014. 12. 30. * 동양미래대학교 경영학부 e-비즈니스과(Dept. of e-Business, Dongyang Mirae University) ※ 이 논문은 2014년 한국컴퓨터정보학회 제50차 하계학술대회에서 발표한 논문("직장에서의 주관적 안녕감: 업무 효능감과 업무 의미감의 역할")을 확장한 것임 ※이 연구는 2014학년도 동양미래대학교 학술연구 과제로부터 연구비 지원을 받아 수행되었음. 188 Journal of The Korea Society of Computer and Information February 2015 equation model. According to PLS analysis, first, lower negative affect was associated with higher life satisfaction. Secondly, work meaningfulness was a very important predictor for the subjective well-being of office worker. ▸


Results of an investigation are given associating recurrent 27-day geomagnetic activity with M-regions of the sun, around years of sunspot minima. The association of M-sequences with various solar features of the disk and corona is also indicated.


We consider two variants of the induced subgraph isomorphism problem for two independent binomial random graphs with constant edge-probabilities p_1,p_2. We resolve several open problems of Chatterjee and Diaconis, and also confirm simulation-based predictions of McCreesh, Prosser, Solnon and Trimble: (i) we prove a sharp threshold result for the appearance of G_{n,p_1} as an induced subgraph of G_{N,p_2}, (ii) we show two-point concentration of the maximum common induced subgraph of G_{N, p_1} and G_{N,p_2}, and (iii) we show that the number of induced copies of G_{n,p_1} in G_{N,p_2} has an unusual limiting distribution.


Local and global changes in braintissue volumes can be used as diagnostic markers of various neurological diseases. Even though these volumetric measurements do not provide specific information about underlying pathology, they can be used to diagnose these diseases, monitor disease progress or treatment efficacy. For example, local and global atrophies, which are observed in diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease, can be quantified to monitor disease magnitude and extent. Quantitative MRI of cerebral gray and white matters has found widespread application in brain research. Building on these progresses, some clinical applications started to emerge in recent years. The first technique utilizes high‐resolution structural MR images to investigate local and global morphological changes in the cerebral gray matter. This technique can be used longitudinally on a single patient to monitor disease progression or it can be utilized to identify morphological differences between a patient population and healthy controls. The image comparisons can be done using a voxel by voxel analysis technique, which will search the whole brain volume for group differences. On the other hand, if the investigator has an a priori hypothesis about a specific brain region, a volume of interest (VOI) can be selected manually in each image and compared. Another popular approach is to transform each image into a stereotactic space and analyze the deformation maps used in these transformations. The second technique utilizes the diffusion of water molecules to investigate the tissue structure and organization. In a medium where the molecular diffusion is restricted by cellularmembranes, the direction and magnitude of diffusion will reveal information about the microscopic structure and organization of those tissues. It has been demonstrated that the axonal membranes in major fiber tracts lead to highly anisotropicdiffusion and using this information white matter structures can be studied in great detail. The technique is called diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and it has been used extensively to study white matter injuries in various diseases of the central nervous system. One of the most important aspects of this technique is that it provides several quantitative measurements of the cerebral white matter. For example, mean diffusivity measurement provides information about the overall water content, thus it can be used to identify local edema. On the other hand, the magnitude of anisotropy might be used as a marker of axonal fiber density and integrity, thus an indication of the overall health of a specific fiber tract. Major axonal fiber tracts can also be constructed in 3D from DTI images and measurements of fiber density, tract volume and length can be calculated. This presentation will provide an overview of imaging and analysis techniques used in image based quantification of cerebral gray matter and white matter diseases. Learning Objectives: 1. Analysis techniques used in the quantification of volumetric changes in the gray matter and potential applications. 2. DTI acquisition and processing. 3. Quantification of cerebral white matter structures based on DTI parameters. 4. Limitations of these techniques.


Elucidating the functional stability upon environmental stressors is of great practical importance for managing the system performance of various environmental biological processes (e.g., activated sludge). This study quantified the dynamic functional stability upon antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) shock loading using three activated sludge microbial communities developed with different carbon sources, i.e., acetate (A), glucose (G), and starch (S). While the press disturbance (5 mg L−1 CIP shock loading) over two months significantly disrupted the heterotrophic activities of the three communities, the extent of the functional stability (i.e., resistance and resilience) was significantly different. The A and G communities exhibited relatively similar magnitudes of resistance (0.52 and 0.58, respectively) and resilience (0.043 and 0.044, respectively), while the S communities with lower initial species richness and diversity were found to be more sensitive (0.27 and 0.02 for resistance and resilience, respectively) to the antibiotic disturbance. 16S rRNA-gene-based community profiling revealed that the severe disruption to the S communities was associated with a significant reduction of a keystone species population (Novosphingobium) capable of hydrolyzing the glycosidic bonds of starch, i.e., the first and rate-limiting step of the overall community catabolism. Our work highlighted the importance of keystone taxa that disproportionately caused a significant impact on the overall ecosystem's function and stability. These results therefore identifying and monitoring keystone taxa would be useful to help prevent poor performance and catastrophic failure of biological treatment processes, which often occur upon shock loads of toxic chemicals.


The purpose of this investigation was to describe the temporal pattern of regional left ventricular (LV) wall motion in patients with segmental early relaxation (SER). Segmental early relaxation was demonstrated angiographically in seven patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization because of chest pain. In all patients, early relaxation of only the anterolateral wall was observed. The temporal pattern of regional wall motion was assessed from ventriculograms, obtained in the right anterior oblique projection, by measuring the lengths of the anterolateral minor axis chord and the corresponding diaphragmatic minor axis chord. The onset of lengthening of the anterolateral chord preceded that of the diaphragmatic chord by 110 ± 10 msec. Maximal shortening of the anterolateral chord during systole was 43 ± 4% and was coincident with a 32 ± 4% shortening of the diaphragmatic chord. During early relaxation, shortening of the anterolateral chord diminished to 17 ± 4% (P <.01); and was coincident with a 35 ± 4% shortening of the diaphragmatic chord (P <.05). Early relaxation of the anterolateral wall was followed by a transient augmentation of shortening of the anterolateral chord to 29 ± 3% (P <.001), whereas shortening of the diaphragmatic chord diminished to 32 ± 4%. Subsequently both chords returned to their initial end-diastolic lengths. These preliminary observations indicate that early lengthening of the anterolateral segment is followed by a transient rebound of shortening which was only present in the segment that manifested early relaxation.