As far back as biblical times, Man has searched for correlations between events in the heavens and events on Earth. In more recent times, scientists have looked for a connection between solar phenomena and the weather on Earth. Over the past twenty years evidence has been growing that variations in solar magnetic activity correlate with low‐pressure troughs in the Northern Hemisphere. The work has been pioneered by Walter Orr Roberts (University of Colorado and the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder). In recent years others have collaborated with Roberts, for instance John M. Wilcox, Philip Scherrer and Leif Svalgaard at Stanford University, Roger H. Olson (University of Colorado) and Roy L. Jenne (National Center for Atmospheric Research).


Major environmental problems related to refractories are discussed based on their historical studies mostly in Japan. Those issues have been experienced in a wide range of industrial scenes, from processing raw materials, making refractories to relining furnaces, handling after-use refractories.The key substances dealt with in this paper include, for example, suspended particulate, SOx and other exhaust gaseous emissions, hexa-valent chromium, and dioxin. The measures so far taken to avoid or reduce their influences upon environments are described with some future problems to be tackled.


Abstract This article highlights the role of sexual orientation in the social transmutation of space, thereby illustrating how certain landscapes, generally characterised by heteronormativity, are queered by cultural phenomena such as the Pink Loerie Mardi Gras (PLMG) in Knysna. It is, however, not the intent of this article to describe the processes of producing queer space in a 'celebratory' tone only, but also to investigate the manner in which hierarchies of race, class, gender and especially sexual orientation are sometimes re-asserted in relation to such spatial practices. The power-laden binaries initially disrupted by the queering of space can, in fact, revert when the PLMG is employed as a mechanism that attempts to control, discipline or even normalise queer bodies. It seems that capitalist role-players (such as corporate sponsors and other stakeholders in the tourism industry) seek to manage the PLMG in terms of 'how much' space it occupies and who is represented (and therefore included or excluded from this space). This leads one to critique the supposed 'Otherness' of the PLMG, because if it is influenced by prejudiced ideologies of consumerism and cosmopolitanism that ultimately operate in favour of heteronormativity and what it considers to be 'different enough', then to what extent can the festival legitimately or freely call itself 'queer'?


This paper deals with a new species of parasitic Myxosoma from pond-reared Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) in Liaoning Province, China. Measurements are in microns. Type specimens are deposited in the Research institute for Freshwater Fisheries of Liaoning Province. Myxosoma liaoningensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1-3) Host Carasslus auratus gibelio (Bloch). Location. Abdorninal cavity. Locality. Dengta County (41° 29' N, 123°11' E), Liaoning Province. Cyst. Milky white in colour, irregular in shape. Dimension of the two preserved (in 4% formalin) cysts was 25 000 × 15 000 × 11 000 and 24 000 × 16 000 × 18 000 separately. Spore. Large, oval in thecal view, anterior end pointed and posterior end broadly rounded, shell valves smooth and without "V" shaped folds; fusiform in sutural view, sutu- ral ridge distinct and straight. Two elongated pearl form polar capsules arranged at the anterior end without intercapsule process. Dimensions of preserved (in 4% formalin) spores: length 17. 4 (15. 5-20. 0), width 11. 4 (10. 5-12. 5 ); thickness 8. 4 (8. 0-9. 5); width of sutural ridge 1. 6 (1. 5-1. 7); polar capsule 8. 4(7. 5-10. 0) by 3. 7(3. 0-4. 5). This new species is similar to Myxosoma magna Wu et Li 1986 in size of spores, but differs from the latter in shape of spores and polar capsules.


The decay of common radioactive gases, such as radon, produces stable isotopes by a sequence of daughter particles with varied half-lives. These daughter particles are a significant source of gamma, neutron, and alpha particle backgrounds that can mimic desired signals in dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments. In the LUMINA Laboratory at Southern Methodist University (SMU), studies of radon plate-out onto copper samples are conducted using one of XIA's first five UltraLo 1800 alpha counters. We present results from investigations into various mitigation approaches. A custom-built copper holder (in either plastic or metal) has been designed and produced to maximize the copper's exposure to 220Rn. The 220Rn source is a collection of camping lantern mantles. We present the current status of control and experimental methods for addressing radon exposure levels.


We proposed and fabricated a wavelength selective switch with grating Si-waveguide having ferroelectric liquid crystal cladding. We demonstrated the tunable wavelength selective operation and obtained about 20dB of extinction ratio at 1530.5nm-wavelength.


A I noted in my last column, several projects were completed during the AESF fiscal year ending March 31, 1996. At that time, the researchers compile a final report on the entire project, which covers the work in its entirety. Some of these reports represent three years of research efforts. Others represent work for a project year. Still others, as in the case of the Summer Grants, represent a number of months of diligent work, which often point to further research. What follows is a summary of two of the larger works from this fiscal year. This month, I will be covering the valuable work done at Stevens Institute on substitutes for fluoborates in lead-tin solder plating, and the attempts to eliminate lead in solder plates by substituting bismuth. I will also summarize the work done at the University of South Carolina on zincnickel and zinc-nickel-silicon dioxide processes. These have major potential in answering the call for cadmium substitutes, improved corrosion resistance and improved hydrogen embrittlement characteristics.


Effects of post-metallization anneal (PMA) on interface trap characteristics of Si- $SiO_2$ are studied. The conventional PMA method utilizes forming gas anneal, where 10% hydrogen in nitrogen atmosphere is used. A new PMA method utilizes hydrogen rich PECVD- silicon nitride $(SiN_x)$ film as a ...


Drilling activity is reported to be lower than last year, but this is the result of a large carryover in the statistics reported in 1967. Percent success of exploration wells was considerably lower in 1968. Development drilling has shown that 5 discoveries have resulted in significant oil fields during 1968. The geologic features and exploration methods leading to these discoveries are reviewed.


An ensemble classifier called DECIML has previously reported that the classifier is able to perform on benchmark data compared to several single classifiers and ensemble classifiers such as AdaBoost, Bagging
and Random Forest.The implementation of the ensemble using sampling was carried out in order to investigate if there are any improvements in the classification performances of the DECIML.Random sampling with replacement (SWR) method is applied to minority class in the imbalanced multiclass data. Results show that the SWR is able to increase the average performance of the ensemble classifier


Forest Resource Development and Protection Project (FRDPP) is the continuation of National Afforestation Project (NAP) and its major objectives are to establish intensive management plantation (IMP) and the multi-use protection forests (MFP), as well as to improve the management of natural reserves. According to the preliminary evaluation of the natural conditions, economic development and environmental aspects in the project area and on the principle of achieving optimal benefits it has been decided that the project will be implemented in 16 provinces with a total area of 780,000 hectares.


Abstract The variables used in statistical research can be measured on different scales. According to Stevens the most common division of measurement scales distinguish four main types: nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. The chosen scale of measurement implies further the possibility of applying certain statistical methods. For socio-economic research it is frequent that among independent variables appear variables of a qualitative nature. This study presents the idea of the application of the Likert and Osgood scales for the evaluation and quantification of qualitative variables in the real estate valuation process. Taking into account the fact that the property features used in the process of estimating its value are very often measured on weak scales, this research attempted to apply the aforementioned scales to measure the qualitative features of real estate property. Additionally, all the qualitative data can be expressed only on nominal or ordinal scales. This means that they cannot be uncritically treated as metrical variables and their measurement scale implies the possible application of mathematical operations and statistical instruments. On the other hand, by analysing the type and the character of the qualitative features of the property, we can observe a substantial connection of such features with the assessment of their level of intensity expressed as a semantic interval or the acceptance level of a given phenomenon. This paper attempts to show how to apply the scales developed to measure attitudes in order to quantify the qualitative features of real estate property in the valuation process and shows the interval character of the data measured by the Osgood scale through comparison among three correlations specific for the mentioned type of scale.


Wood is the main material of furniture industry, To make ends meet of forest area, due To the huge demand of lumber. In the face of the deteriorating ecological environment, to replace wood and improve the life cycle of lumber is imperative. For traditional furniture, wood always are indispensable. Thus increasing the use of wood cycle problem becomes particularly. This article from the perspective of sustainable development, this paper investigates the existing furniture recycling use, and recycling of the problem. According to these problems puts forward the three main factors of furniture recycling, that is modular structure, fixed assembly method, and the material of relatively fixed. Through the study to the structure of the wardrobe kind of furniture, the recycling scheme of this kind of furniture is put forward.


Phase equilibria modeling of sodic-calcic amphibole-epidote assemblages in greenstones in the northern Appalachians, USA, is compatible with relatively shallow subduction of the early Paleozoic Laurentian margin along the Laurentia-Gondwana suture zone during closure of a portion of the Iapetus Ocean basin. Pseudosection and isopleth calculations demonstrate that peak metamorphic conditions ranged between 0.65 GPa, 480 °C and 0.85 GPa, 495 °C down-dip along the subducted Laurentian continental margin between ∼20 km and ∼30 km depth. Quantitative petrological data are explained in the context of an Early Ordovician geodynamic model involving shallow subduction of relatively young, warm, and buoyant Laurentian margin continental-oceanic lithosphere and Iapetus Ocean crust beneath a relatively warm and wet peri-Gondwanan continental arc. A relatively warm subduction zone setting may have contributed to the formation of a thin, ductile metasedimentary rock-rich channel between the down-going Laurentian slab and the overriding continental arc. This accretionary channel accommodated metamorphism and tectonization of continental margin sediments and mafic volcanic rocks (greenstones) of the Laurentian margin and provided a pathway for exhumation of serpentinite slivers and rare eclogite blocks. Restricted asthenospheric flow in the forearc mantle wedge provides one explanation for the lack of ophiolites and absence of a well-preserved ultra-high-pressure terrane in central and northern Vermont. Exhumation of the subducted portion of the Laurentian margin may have been temperature triggered due to increased asthenospheric flow following a slab tear at relatively shallow depths.


Sleep is something we all 'do' on a daily or nightly basis, consuming approximately a third of our lives. It is only relatively recently, however, that sociologists have begun to address the social significance of sleep. This paper, therefore, provides an invitation of sorts to a rich and fascinating new field of sociological inquiry, charting and commentating on the sociological significance of sleep in relation to the following seven key themes: (i) body and society; (ii) roles and routines; (iii) history and culture; (iv) work and employment; (v) gender and the life course; (vi) health and illness; and finally, (vii) politics and ethics. The paper concludes with some further critical thoughts and reflections on this sociological engagement with sleep to date and the theoretical, conceptual and methodological challenges ahead.


In Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, there has been a 24% loss of intertidal oyster (Crassostrea virginica) habitat since 1943; many live reefs have been replaced by steep piles of disarticulated shell. To understand the relationship between boating and reef loss, we determined boating intensity and numbers of boat wakes contacting reefs. We then asked if oyster restoration could be successfully undertaken in areas where disarticulated shell had accumulated. We documented 1290 boats passing near Mosquito Lagoon reefs, with 0 – 51.4 boats producing wakes each hour. Maximizing boating distances to limit wakes would help protect oyster reefs. Community-based restoration began in 2007 and was tracked through 2020. Restoration footprint (density, shell height, profile, thickness, bridges) and off-footprint (density, seagrass) data documented success, suggesting that stabilizing oyster shell was all that was needed in the region. These results provide guidance for boating management and future oyster restoration efforts in microtidal estuaries.


Hot plate and writhing methods were used in the comparison of the analgesic effect of vinegar-processed fresh tuber corydalis and the traditionally vinegar-processed Rhizoma Corydalis. The result shows that the effect of the former is stronger than that of the latter.


A low voltage Adaptive ON – Time Boost Converter suitable for solar cell applications is presented in this paper. The converter is designed to boost voltages in the range of 0.5 – 0.8V to 1.2V. The circuit and its sub – blocks are designed and simulated in 45nm CMOS technology on Cadence Virtuoso. The switching frequency is maintained constant at 800KHz while its ON time varies from 558 ns to 422 ns for input voltage variation from 0.5V to 0.8V. The average power efficiency is found to be 87% and maximum output settling time is 116μS for maximum difference between the input and output voltage.


The utility model discloses a hot-pressed heavy bamboo board multiple blade saw automatic production line which comprises a longitudinal sawing machine and a transverse sawing machine which are matched with each other. The longitudinal sawing machine comprises a longitudinal machine rack and a control box and a longitudinal machine trolley rail which are arranged on the longitudinal machine rack; the top of the longitudinal machine rack is provided with a feeding and discharging device and a reciprocating type conveying device which are connected with each other; the end of the reciprocating type conveying device, which is close to the feeding and discharging device, is provided with a longitudinal machine saw cutting device; the longitudinal machine saw cutting device comprises a longitudinal machine spindle and a plurality of longitudinal machine saw blades arranged on the longitudinal machine spindle; the transverse sawing machine comprises a transverse machine rack and a transverse machine trolley platform arranged on the transverse machine rack; a guide rail and a lifting cylinder are arranged between the transverse machine trolley platform and the transverse machine rack; the transverse machine trolley platform is provided with a feeding and discharging chain and a universal moving wheel; both sides of the transverse machine trolley platform are provided with transverse machine saw cutting devices; and each transverse machine saw cutting device comprises a regulating dovetail, a saw blade spindle and a transverse machine saw blade. According to the utility model, labor intensity of workers is reduced and production efficiency is improved.


s were read and relevant papers selected, followed by citation searches using both back referencing, the citation tracker application and extracting relevant references from said selected papers.


In machine learning classification and recognition are crucial tasks. Any object is recognized with the help of features associated with it. Among many features only some leads to classify object correctly. Feature selection is useful technique to detect such specific features. Feature selection is a process of selecting subset of features to reduce number of features (dimensionality reduction). Semi-supervised feature selection is difficult due to scarcity of labeled samples. Here constraint based approach is proposed to efficiently select features from semi-supervised data. Constraint based approach is selected as it incorporates supervised information in processing. In the absence of labels, features can be evaluated based on locality preserving ability. Hence for semi-supervised data, properties of both labeled and unlabeled data are combined tochoose good features. Constraint based Laplacian score is used to find weight of features. To eliminate redundant features mutual information is calculated and graph based method is used to remove redundant features. Classification accuracy for different dataset is measured to check performance of system.


At the request of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements prepared NCRP Report 153, Information Needed to Make Radiation Protection Recommendations for Space Missions Beyond Low-Earth Orbit. This lengthy report, over 400 pages in length, published in November 2006, was drafted by NCRP Scientific Committee 1-7, and is a continuation of NCRP Report 132, Radiation Protection Guidance for Activities in Low-Earth Orbit, which provided guidance on limiting radiation exposures on missions in low-Earth orbit. The new report provides research recommendations in the broad areas of the space radiation environment, radiation physics and transport, radiation dosimetry, radiation biology, and radiation risk assessment. In this work, an overview of the committee membership, and the report contents and research recommendations will be presented and discussed.


Thermal necrosis results fracture problems and implant failure if temperature exceeds 47 °C for one minute during bone drilling. To solve this problem, this work studied a new thermal model by using three drilling parameters: drill diameter, feed rate and spindle speed. Effects of those parameters to heat generation were studied. The drill diameters were 4 mm, 6 mm and 6 mm; the feed rates were 80 mm/min, 100 mm/min and 120 mm/min whereas the spindle speeds were 400 rpm, 500 rpm and 600 rpm then an optimization was done by Taguchi method to which combination parameter can be used to prevent thermal necrosis during bone drilling. The results showed that all the combination of parameters produce confidence results which were below 47 °C and finite element analysis combined with Taguchi method can be used for predicting temperature generation and optimizing bone drilling parameters prior to clinical bone drilling. All of the combination parameters can be used for surgeon to achieve sustainable orthopaedic surgery.


Proposed is an exploratory study to verify the feasibility of an inexpensive micro climatecontrol system for both marine and freshwater pond and tank aquaculture, offering good control over water temperature, incident light flux, and bandwidth, combined with good energy efficiency. The proposed control system utilizes some familiar components of passive solar design, together with a new holographic glazing system which is currently being developed by, and proprietary to Advanced Environmental Research Group (AERG). The use of solar algae ponds and tanks to warm and purify water for fish and attached macroscopic marine algae culture is an ancient and effective technique, but limited seasonally and geographically by the availability of sunlight. Holographic Diffracting Structures (HDSs) can be made which passively track, accept and /or reject sunlight from a wide range of altitude and azimuth angles, and redirect and distribute light energy as desired (either directly or indirectly over water surface in an enclosed, insulated structure), effectively increasing insolation values by accepting sunlight which would not otherwise enter the structure.


Reduced prey availability has emerged as a primary hypothesis to explain population constraints on wading birds in numerous wetlands around the world. However, there is almost no understanding of which component of prey availability (i.e., prey density or vulnerability of prey to capture) is affecting populations and whether the relative effects of each component differ among species. In this study, I manipulated prey density and water depth (i.e., prey availability) in 12 0.2-ha ponds to determine their relative effects on the numeric response of eight species of free-ranging wading birds (White Ibis, Eudocimus albus; Wood Stork, Mycteria americana; Snowy Egret, Egretta thula; Glossy Ibis, Plegadis falcinellus; Great Egret, Ardea alba; Tricolored Heron, Egretta tricolor; Great Blue Heron, Ardea herodias; and Little Blue Heron, Egretta caerulea). The experiment was conducted in a constructed wetland adjacent to, and west of, the northern tip of the remnant Everglades, in Palm Beach County, Florida, USA. Each pond was set to a water depth of 10 cm, 19 cm, or 28 cm, and was stocked with golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas) at a density of either 3 fish/m2 or 10 fish/m2. Total bird use (all treatments pooled) increased from day 1 (day after stocking) to day 6, stabilized for several days at ∼280 birds, and then decreased until day 16, when bird use nearly ceased. Fish were depleted most rapidly in the shallow treatment and least rapidly in the deep treatment. The giving-up-density (GUD) of prey increased with increasing water depth. There was no significant difference among species in the slope of that relationship; however, a visual inspection of the data showed that differences in GUDs were becoming more apparent in the deepest treatment. At that depth, the White Ibis, Wood Stork, and Snowy Egret had higher GUDs than did the Glossy Ibis, Great Egret, Tricolored Heron, Great Blue Heron, and Little Blue Heron. Also, the first three species were affected significantly by both prey density and water depth, whereas the latter five species showed a decidedly weaker response to one or the other component of prey availability. The first three species were more abundant in the shallow treatments and the high prey density treatments, and they abandoned the study site before other species reached their maximum density. The feeding strategy of the first group appeared to be one of searching for new high-quality food patches rather than staying and exploiting food patches that were declining in quality. Species that employed a searching strategy also have shown the most severe population declines, suggesting that factors affecting bird density at feeding sites may also have affected population size.


Since the late 19th century, the Agricultural Census has been an important source of data on land use and numbers of livestock and farm workers. It works well as a general source of large area results, but in late 2003, in response to customer demand to make data available at smaller geographical scales, the Welsh Assembly released a spreadsheet of results at the small area level from the 2002 Agricultural Census. In this case study, Stuart Neil discusses the issues of data quality that arose in compiling these data.


Under the background of developing a MIPSX based embedded system IDE,the paper introduces the target system MIPSX,and then analyzes the source codes and work flow of a user friendly,powerful MIPS simulator——SPIM.It illustrates the process of porting SPIM to support MIPSX,especially three key steps,namely syntax analyzing,instruction simulating and binary file reading.


It is evident that advances in technology has led to improvement in societal wellbeing. In this paper we demonstrate how mobile phones are used in providing reliable and quality education to students in disadvantaged areas of Tanzania. The main contribution is on leveraging on the success that Tanzania has had on using mobile banking to the un-banked population. These lessons are adapted to the education sector, where clever/smart integration of existing disruptive technologies such as mobile phones and social networks are be used to provide access to high quality educational contents. Further, the paper shows how educational content can be localized/adopted with a view of empowering teachers and the educational needs of students. The central piece of the proposed system is the ability to add, share and reduce the amount of redundancy. Finally, the author reports on the implementation of the system in a community project in rural Tanzania.


We consider the sparse Fourier transform problem: given a complex vector x of length n, and a parameter k, estimate the k largest (in magnitude) coefficients of the Fourier transform of x. The problem is of key interest in several areas, including signal processing, audio/image/video compression, and learning theory.

We propose a new algorithm for this problem. The algorithm leverages techniques from digital signal processing, notably Gaussian and Dolph-Chebyshev filters. Unlike the typical approach to this problem, our algorithm is not iterative. That is, instead of estimating "large" coefficients, subtracting them and recursing on the reminder, it identifies and estimates the k largest coefficients in "one shot", in a manner akin to sketching/streaming algorithms. The resulting algorithm is structurally simpler than its predecessors. As a consequence, we are able to extend considerably the range of sparsity, k, for which the algorithm is faster than FFT, both in theory and practice.


Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurrence and assessment of dietary exposure from imported canned sardines (Sardinops sagax) commercially marketed in local stores and supermarkets in Nigeria were evaluated for the first time. PAHs determinations were performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Agilent 1290 model) equipped with UV-VIS diodes array detector (DAD) at λ =210 nm and 214 nm. The percentages recoveries were higher than 96%. The degree of contamination expressed as total concentrations of PAH (TPAHs) congeners ranged between 2.53 and 35.55 μg kg−1 dry weight (d.w.) at λ = 210 nm, and 1.30 and 27.93 μg kg−1 (d.w.) at λ = 214 nm. The carcinogenic (BaP-TEQ) and mutagenic toxicities (BaP-MEQ) of eight priority PAHs were evaluated. Benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene and indeno(1,2,3-d) pyrene contributed significantly to the total carcinogenic equivalents of PAHs. The mutagenic equivalents were largely influenced by equivalence factors of benzo(a)anthracene, and benzo(a)pyrene and indeno(1,2,3-d) pyrene. The estimated daily intake (EDI) and excess cancer rate (ECR) were evaluated for adults and children exposure related risks.


This paper investigates the impact of the hop-count and node density on the network performance of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). The analysis as well as simulation results indicate that the throughput decreases significantly when the packets traverse over a long chain of hops. Especially when the link is beyond 4 hops, the throughput can only get less than 60% of the single hop throughput. In another observation when node density is increased from 25 nodes to 200 nodes in the area of 500m × 500m, the throughput basically goes down even though it has a bit improvement at small scale of the node density from 25 nodes to 50 nodes.


Measurements from fuel rod cladding external surface thermocouples indicated unexpected cladding quench early in the blowdown of the Loss-of-Fluid Test (LOFT) large break loss-of-coolant experiments. Swaged and cartridge type electrically heated fuel rod simulators are being used to evaluate the effects, if any, of cladding surface thermocouples on quench behavior, and to determine the accuracy of the cladding surface. Preliminary tests conducted on a single, swaged heater rod over a wide range of flooding conditions indicate that cladding external thermocouples increase the cooldown rate and reduce the time-to-quench on that type of rod. The results of the heater rod tests are being used to reassess the fuel rod cladding temperature response during the LOFT L2-2 and L2-3 tests as measured by the cladding surface thermocouples.


The city of Arenillas contains a large percentage of roads in poor condition not attributable to development, the San Vicente and Rivas lotizacion part of this problem that also bother drivers and good living of its inhabitants cause. The main objective of the project is the study and design for the pavement and storm drainage from the streets of San Vicente to rivas city Allotment Arenillas to facilitate vehicular and pedestrian traffic delos sectors indicated above


Objective To evaluate the targeting and photodynamic activity of photosensitizer Ⅰ (PSⅠ)for laryngocarcinoma Hep-2 cells.Methods The photostability of PSⅠ was measured by bleaching assay.The cellular uptake of PSⅠ by Hep-2 cells were evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy,the effects of PSⅠconcentration,irradiation dose and etc on the viability of Hep-2 cells were investigated by MTT assay.Results After irradiation of 50 min,the OD value of PS Ⅰ decreased 11%,which indicated that the stability of PSⅠ can meet the requirement of PDT.The cellular uptake of PS Ⅰ by Hep-2 cells increased with the concentration of PSⅠ and can be obviously inhibited by the presence of excessive free folic acid (P < 0.01).The results of MTT assays demonstrated that the viability of Hep-2 showed negative correlation with the PSⅠ concentration and irradiation dose.The viability of Hep-2 was only 34 % after PDT with 14 μ mol/L of the PS Ⅰ and 18 J/cm2 of irradiation.However,the viability of Hep-2 was still 100 % without irradiation,even though the concentration of PS Ⅰ was up to 1 10 μmol/L.The PDT carried out after 24 h of PSⅠ administration can efficiently inhibited the growth of Hep-2 with the survival rate of 32 %.Conclusion The PS Ⅰ posses satisfactory photostability and lower dark cytotoxicity,and displays significant targeting and photocytotoxicity for Hep-2 cells.

Key words:
Photosensitizer Ⅰ ;  Hep-2 cells;  Tumor targeting;  Photodynamic activity


The utility model provides a sealing device for a kiln head of a rotary kiln, comprising an ash collecting hopper arranged at the kiln head and a sealing plate obliquely arranged between the ash collecting hopper and the kiln body. The sealing device is characterized in that a friction plate is arranged between the ash collecting hopper and the kiln body in circumferential direction; the sealing plate is arranged outside the friction plate; and a space formed by the sealing plate, the kiln body and the ash collecting hopper is filled with sealing filler. In the utility model, the space formed by the sealing plate, the kiln body and the ash collecting hopper is filled with the sealing filler, the friction plate with the T-shaped longitudinal section is arranged between the ash collecting hopper and the kiln body in circumferential direction, and an internal layer of sealing steel sheet adopts a welding steel ring structure; and simultaneously the internal layer of sealing steel sheet and an external layer of sealing steel sheet are fixed respectively by thick nuts and thin nuts; therefore, the sealing effect of the kiln head is greatly improved, the abrasion of the sealing steel sheet can be effectively reduced, the replacement frequency of the easily damaged parts can be reduced, the assembly and maintenance are convenient, and the connection is reliable and safe, thus being beneficial to prolonging the service life of the sealing device.


Managerial resistance to TQM is a function of opposing principles, which emphasise expert knowledge and experience, realism and the importance of individual creativity. Ignoring the valid points of this opposition merely drives resistance underground. An open dialogue on first principles is both necessary for successful TQM implementation and required by TQM principles themselves.


The monodispersed rutile TiO2 nanorods in diameter 4–6 nm and in length up to 50–150 nm were prepared by the hydrolysis of TiCl4 solution in the concerntrated HNO3 under ambient condition in air and required no complex apparatus.


Objective To evaluate the quality of undergraduate medical education so as to provide useful and effective feedback information for medical schools and to extend GMER (Global Minimum Essential Requirements in Medical Education) standard. Methods Through questionnaires, 205 resident doctors self-evaluated their abilities or qualities based on GMER standard. The unconditioned logistic regression model was used for data analysis. Results Graduates from undergraduate medical programs mastered the abilities or qualities required in 4 GMER domains i.e. "professional values, attitudes, behaviors and ethics", "clinical skills", "communication skills", and "scientific foundation of medicine". But the abilities or qualities required in "information management", "population health and health systems" as well as "critical thinking and research" domains have not been obtained. The main factors that affected the evaluation results were corresponding training to the essentials, learner's attitude, teaching models and teaching hours. Conclusion Educational sectors should adjust curriculum design so as to help medical students master the abilities required in the 3 domains stated above. Medical schools should conduct some educational research to formulate the most beneficial teaching methods, and import advanced ones to raise the quality of medical education in China.


In September, the United Nations open-ended working group on developments in the field of     information and telecommunications in the context of international security (OEWG) had its first    substantive meeting in New York. Despite some diverging views among states, many state    representatives highlighted the need to focus on common interests. The pressing need to make      progress on international cybersecurity norms remains clear. States can take many steps domestically     to advance better cybersecurity that centers and protects individuals while safeguarding human       rights. However, many common interests cannot be achieved by any one state alone, and require      further discussion and work as an international community.  Developments in the field of information and telecommunications (ICTs) in the context of    international security have been on the UN agenda since 1998. Upon recommendation of the First   Committee, the General Assembly adopted its first resolution on this issue in January 1999. Resolution     53/70 and subsequent resolutions all express two major concerns: First, the maintenance of      international stability and security. And second, the effects that the use of ICTs may have on the   1


This is part II of two series review of reading chest radiographs in the critically ill. Conventional chest radiography remains the cornerstone of day to day management of the critically ill occasionally supplemented by computed tomography or ultrasound for specific indications. In this second review we discuss radiographic findings of cardiopulmonary disorders common in the intensive care patient and suggest guidelines for interpretation based not only on imaging but also on the pathophysiology and clinical grounds.


The monograph examines the way in which the Netherlands' three-part system of residential care and independent living (IL) for people with physical disabilities interacts with the country's health and social welfare systems. The three-part system comrises: the residential center model, the clustered housing model, anu independent housing model. The monograph addresses the following topics in separate chapters: the larger demogrphic, economic, social and political context (demographic diversity, interest group politics); the social insurance system for disabled persons (major social insurance programs, health insurance and long-term care funding, costs and utilization); Holland's 3-part residential and IL system (the Fokus concept, home health services); and the future of Dutch IL policy and implications for the United States (use of residential centers, financing of in-kind benefits, and corporative system of decision making). Commentaries of three persons (a research analyst, a research economist, and a consulting psychologist) interviewed for the study are appended. (CL) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can bn made from the original document. *********************************************************************** WIDEPENDEST 00 8i 00311 POLO 1NE NEIHEIWAIADS: 110.E. MODELS OF RESIDE011g. CARE 8t034101 1.110 by Gerbeo DeSoog, 110. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION


Organelle biogenesis is concomitant to organelle inheritance during cell division. It is necessary that organelles double their size and divide to give rise to two identical daughter cells. Mitochondrial biogenesis occurs by growth and division of pre-existing organelles and is temporally coordinated with cell cycle events [1]. However, mitochondrial biogenesis is not only produced in association with cell division. It can be produced in response to an oxidative stimulus, to an increase in the energy requirements of the cells, to exercise training, to electrical stimulation, to hormones, during development, in certain mitochondrial diseases, etc. [2]. Mitochondrial biogenesis is therefore defined as the process via which cells increase their individual mitochondrial mass [3]. Recent discoveries have raised attention to mitochondrial biogenesis as a potential target to treat diseases which up to date do not have an efficient cure. Mitochondria, as the major ROS producer and the major antioxidant producer exert a crucial role within the cell mediating processes such as apoptosis, detoxification, Ca2+ buffering, etc. This pivotal role makes mitochondria a potential target to treat a great variety of diseases. Mitochondrial biogenesis can be pharmacologically manipulated. This issue tries to cover a number of approaches to treat several diseases through triggering mitochondrial biogenesis. It contains recent discoveries in this novel field, focusing on advanced mitochondrial therapies to chronic and degenerative diseases, mitochondrial diseases, lifespan extension, mitohormesis, intracellular signaling, new pharmacological targets and natural therapies. It contributes to the field by covering and gathering the scarcely reported pharmacological approaches in the novel and promising field of mitochondrial biogenesis. There are several diseases that have a mitochondrial origin such as chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) and the KearnsSayre syndrome (KSS), myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers (MERRF), mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and strokelike episodes (MELAS), Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), the syndrome of neurogenic muscle weakness, ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa (NARP), and Leigh's syndrome. Likewise, other diseases in which mitochondrial dysfunction plays a very important role include neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes or cancer. Generally, in mitochondrial diseases a mutation in the mitochondrial DNA leads to a loss of functionality of the OXPHOS system and thus to a depletion of ATP and overproduction of ROS, which can, in turn, induce further mtDNA mutations. The work by Yu-Ting Wu, Shi-Bei Wu, and Yau-Huei Wei (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan) [4] focuses on the aforementioned mitochondrial diseases with special attention to the compensatory mechanisms that prompt mitochondria to produce more energy even under mitochondrial defect-conditions. These compensatory mechanisms include the overexpression of antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial biogenesis and overexpression of respiratory complex subunits, as well as metabolic shift to glycolysis. The pathways observed to be related to mitochondrial biogenesis as a compensatory adaptation to the energetic deficits in mitochondrial diseases are described (PGC1, Sirtuins, AMPK). Several pharmacological strategies to trigger these signaling cascades, according to these authors, are the use of bezafibrate to activate the PPAR-PGC-1α axis, the activation of AMPK by resveratrol and the use of Sirt1 agonists such as quercetin or Abstract


In order to remould the crime scene,Search for clues,finally criminal suspects be punished by law.This article discusses on the Log file extraction,preservation,identification and analysis of computer forensics in perspective.


In this article a Human Computer Interface (HCI) based on electro-oculogram (EOG) measurements will be presented. EOG domain is focusing on the human eye's movements. The signals are recorded using Ag/AgCl electrodes and fed into an analogto-digital converter (ADC) and are processed by a computer or laptop. In our application the EOG signal processing program is running on a PC. Only 3 recording channels and electrodes were used in our setup. After processing and filtering, the program was able to give different commands based on the recorded EOG signals. The program used Artificial Neural Network (ANN) toolbox of MATLAB®. The proposed HCI can be used by healthy or by disabled people. Disabled people can use this HCI to control the computer / laptop or any electronic device connected to it. This HCI is meant to offer a new way of computer control different than the other existing standard control possibilities (like keyboard and/or mouse) and it can be especially useful in the case of diseased people by giving them a new or even the only way to communicate with the external world.


Passenger air transportation is important for such spheres as tourism, local business, investment, foreign trade, etc. The number of passenger air transportation in the world increased before the global pandemic. The dynamic of growing the numbers of passenger air transportation in the world immediately interrupted the cause of the global pandemic. The main goal of the article is to research the main reasons for public regulation of passenger air transportation. The author used the scientific method to archive the goal of research. For example, in the article author representatives, the main results of the analysis of scientific sources on the subject of public administration of market of the passenger air transportation. The author used the statistic method to analyzed the situation of the market of passenger air transportation and investigated the main trends in this market. Therefore, the author used the statistic method for comparative analyses of the market of passenger air transportation in Ukraine and other countries. The author used the sociology method for monitoring public view and opinion on regulation of the market of passenger air transportation. The author investigated that this problem is relevant, important, attractive to the attention of many scientists, and also revealed the alternative and multivariate methods, means, and instruments of regulation. According to the respondents, the main factors that influenced the reduction of passenger air traffic in the period from 2019-to 2021 were: termination of air services and closure of the borders; fear of traveling during the COVID-19 pandemic, declining incomes. Most respondents agreed that state measures to restrict air travel during the pandemic were appropriate. In the article, the author shows that prevented, direct measures of public regulation on the air transportation market in times of crisis. The author says that the anti-crisis measures were necessary to reduce the negative impact on the air transportation market in the global pandemic. The role of the state can be minimized in case of stabilization of the situation.


The advances on the propagation technology and adaptability of Robinia pseudoacacia L. were given in this paper. Some problems existed were discussed. Propagation from seed, wood cutting, root cutting and tissue culture were applied in the propagation of Robinia pseudoacacia L. The evaluation of the adaptability to drought and salinity of Robinia pseudoacacia L. needs a comprehensive index.


In this paper, we offer a comprehensive analysis of the structure of the Dim Sum bond market. We show that Dim Sum bonds usually have a short maturity and that the market is dominated by issuers from the banking sector. In our analysis of the determinants of Dim Sum bond bid-ask spread, we find that both bond-specific determinants (issuance amount, maturity, and collateral), and macroeconomic variables particular to the Dim Sum bond market, influence its liquidity. The narrower Chinese yuan interest rate gap between mainland China and Hong Kong and a growing appreciation of the Chinese yuan, in addition to the fall in the Dim Sum Bond Market Yield Index, have led to improved liquidity in the market.


The article is the first to give details of the originality of image of artistic conflict in epic works. The work investigates basic conflict and those subdue to it. The materials and conclusions might be used as basis for further studying of the selected aspect of the contradictions represented in works of the Russian and foreign authors. It is also possible to use the work for teaching theory of literature in secondary and high school. Theoretical value of the research is conditioned by development and deepening of ideas about the category of conflict. The analysis reveals the features of artistic conflict in epos.


In the steadily expanding field of fluorescent dyes, labels and electroluminescent materials difluoroboron-dipyrromethenes play a prominent role. The review highlights recent advances made with these boron-stabilized cyanine dyes. The chemistry at the boron atom and increase of delocalization on the organic core allows one to address the problems of Stokes' shifts, colours and emission wavelengths spanning from green to the NIR. The outcome is a diversity of molecules prepared by different strategies and exhibiting interesting and tunable spectroscopic, electrochemical and chemical properties. This perspective article describes the scope and spectroscopic attributes of this new class of fluorescent dyes amenable to applications in various disciplines.


The invention relates to a telescopic pen container, which comprises an outer layer pen container and an inner layer pen container, a middle layer pen container is nested between an outer layer and an inner layer, the telescopic pen container is characterized in that the outer layer pen container and the middle layer pen container are of U-shaped rectangular cylinders with openings in the tops, the inner layer pen container is a rectangular cylinder with an opening in the top end, an opening surface of the U-shaped rectangular cylinder is regarded as a front end, and a match surface opposite to the opening surface is regarded as a rear end; a first inner baffle is arranged at the inside of the outer layer pen container; a second inner baffle is arranged at the inside of the front part of the middle layer pen container, a first outer baffle is arranged at the outside of the rear part of the middle layer pen container and a second outer baffle is arranged at the outside of the rear part of the inner layer pen container. The telescopic pen container can be stored to save space, and pens can be stored in a larger space in a classifying manner when quantity or variety of the pens is increased.


A method of the finite approximation of continuous noncooperative two-person games is presented. The method is based on sampling the functional spaces, which serve as the sets of pure strategies of the players. The pure strategy is a linear function of time, in which the trenddefining coefficient is variable. The spaces of the players' pure strategies are sampled uniformly so that the resulting finite game is a bimatrix game whose payoff matrices are square. The approximation procedure starts with not a great number of intervals. Then this number is gradually increased, and new, bigger, bimatrix games are solved until an acceptable solution of the bimatrix game becomes sufficiently close to the same-type solutions at the preceding iterations. The closeness is expressed as the absolute difference between the trend-defining coefficients of the strategies from the neighboring solutions. These distances should be decreasing once they are smoothed with respective polynomials of degree 2. AMS Subject Classification: 91A05, 91A10, 65D99, 41A99.


The present invention has a particle size is at 100μm or less, and at least one active substance, at least one biocompatible adhesive comprises a combination of at least one plasticizer, micronized film-forming powder on.


Aiming at the difficulty in extracting the failure characteristics order of aero-engine intermediate bearing under variable speed conditions, an order tracking algorithm is proposed for a failure diagnosis method of intermediate bearing. This method combines the order of cubic spline interpolation and the ordering algorithm of uniform acceleration to solve the correlative function between the rotating angle of the inside and outside rings of intermediate bearing and time. By the relationship between the rotating angle and time of the inside and outside rings the instantaneous change rate of the rotating angle difference between the inside and outside rings with time is solved. The rotating angle difference sampling frequency is determined. Resample the vibration signal and perform Fourier transform on the resampled signal to extract the failure characteristics order of the intermediate bearing under variable conditions. Verification of the algorithm is shown by the failure simulation signal of the intermediate bearing. The results indicate that the algorithm is very effective for failure characteristics extraction and failure diagnosis of intermediate bearing under variable speed conditions.


Diagnostic and prognostic tools are important, whether they be created from standard components of clinical history and exam or derived from imaging, cerebrospinal fluid, or gene expression arrays. As neurologists know too well, clinical diagnosis is imperfect, sometimes with surprisingly poor reliability and validity of well established tests and poor agreement on final diagnoses even for common conditions. Inefficient approaches to diagnosis drive up healthcare costs and missed diagnoses are even more expensive and with no gain. Accurate diagnosis can reduce cost by getting patients appropriately managed sooner, which may also increase the impact of therapy on health by averting early and irreversible manifestations of disease. Prognosis is also important to patients and their families as they prepare for consequences, and it may alter treatment decisions to avoid unnecessary or inconsequential care. Finally, improvements in diagnosis and prognosis make development of treatments easier by increasing power since those who are unlikely to benefit from treatment can be more efficiently excluded from study. The Annals of Neurology is committed to publishing studies that convincingly demonstrate the accuracy of important diagnostic and prognostic tools. In fact, 28% of articles published in 2010 broadly covered topics of diagnosis and 22% were related to prognosis (Figure). Some of our most highly cited studies are also in this category, including the report on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. We also reject many more than we accept in these categories. The bar for convincing demonstration is a high one, and for good reason. The primary goal of the Annals is to advance knowledge. As we have commented in these pages previously, publishing irreproducible results is a constant concern. Although we might generate more traffic by publishing articles with dramatic claims based on limited data, our brand and our mission is based on being authoritative and accurate. Unfortunately, forces are lined up against us. Simulation studies suggest that most published research is incorrect. Investigators are, by nature, biased toward producing stunning findings that break common convention. Journals also compete for attention; they are attracted to paradigm-changing discoveries and may reject negative studies even when these fail to confirm previously published claims. The culture of research permits investigator discretion that can influence p-values. Such discretion spans the research process, from whether to exclude a patient or animal that just did not fit the pattern, whether to adjust for a specific group of potential confounders, or whether to use a continuous or dichotomous variable (with an ''arbitrary'' cut point). Given investigators' biases and the freedom to make decisions that shrink p-values, it is not surprising that results are positive much more frequently than they should be. In addition, investigators may test a large number of associations, only a fraction of which are positive (hopefully more than 5%) and make their way to manuscript submission. Many studies cannot be reproduced and, over time, previously-demonstrated associations often become weaker and weaker, as recently illustrated in the declining efficacy in trials of atypical antipsychotics. The problem with irreproducibility is well recognized for epidemiological and genetic association studies. As recently commented in these pages, epidemiology has become progressively more susceptible to irreproducibility as the size and detail of available databases continues to increase, a problem that is likely to grow dramatically with utilization of electronic health records for research. Even more dramatic, examples of failure to confirm findings from genetic studies have become so widespread that extremely stringent, conservative criteria are now generally required to support claims of true association, especially for genome-wide explorations. Letters and brief communications that fail to validate findings published in the Annals in earlier years continue to be submitted. In response, the Annals has developed policies that require independent validation of any association demonstrated and mandate authors to report all associations evaluated. Although this doesn't eliminate the problem of publishing irreproducible genetic associations, it should help. Over the past several years, we have been informally applying these same criteria to non-genetic diagnostic and prognostic studies, though with a little more discretion for hypothesis generation. We now want to


Large amount of information like text, audio and video exists in vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs). However, the highly dynamic network feature and the limited memory of the local server pose challenges to resource management, which not only leads to the failure of resource presentations to users, but the transmission of the invalid fragment data would also result in the significant waste of precious bandwidth and memory. To solve this problem, this paper improved the fuzzy logic resource management (FLRM)--multi-parameter fuzzy logic resource management (MP-FLRM). In the scheme, we first gather and record the request time, download time and upload time for each resource by the designed Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication mode. Then survival time can be reached after defuzzifier of the three kinds of parameters, which can update the resource list in real time. Simulation results show that MP-FLRM can improve system throughput. In this way system performance was enhanced. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 2017 International Conference on Identification, Information and Knowledge in the Internet of Things (IIKI2017).


The process-based semantic composition of Web Services is gaining a considerable momentum as an approach for the effective integration of distributed, heterogeneous, and autonomous applications. To compose Web Services semantically, we need an ontology. There are several ways of inserting semantics in Web Services. One of them consists of using description languages like OWL-S. In this paper, we introduce our work which consists in the proposition of a new model and the use of semantic matching technology for semantic and dynamic composition of ebXML business processes.


Each of the existing B2B online payment systems has its own limitation,and lack of an effective coordination mechanism for them.Based on the order parameter principle of synergy theory,participants′ information genes were found as micro order parameter which decided the macro orderliness of B2B online payment evolution system.A participant information gene model was established on "identity characteristics degree +reputation degree" two-dimensional attribute;and order degree measurement algorithm was proposed.Then the cooperation mechanism of the evolutionary B2B online payment system was discussed following the information gene model.


A frequency measuring receiver is a core component in countermeasure reconnaissance equipment. Its accurate and reliable controlling determines the operating performances of the whole reconnaissance equipment. The two-stage computer controlling mode based on the serial communication with VB and monolithic computer is used for the control system. And this paper gives the design of serial communication program and implements the serial communication of the frequency-measuring receiver control, by making the communication protocols.


The process of image registration intends to geometrically match two or more images captured from different viewpoints (multiview analysis), at different time (multitemporal analysis), with different sensors (multimodal analysis), or to match images to existing models (scene to model registration). The applications are countless and cover computer vision, medical imaging, photogrammetry and remote sensing, inspection and quality control of manufactured parts, security monitoring. A lot of work has been done for automatic extraction of free-form curves from high resolution data, especially optical and radar imagery. At the same time, such linear features are gaining interest over point features in many photogrammetric procedures, such as orientations and triangulations, because man made environment is rich of linear features, linear features can be detected more easily and more reliably than points and matching of linear features is often more reliable than point matching. In this paper a method for registering imagery using linear features is presented. Since the automatic extraction of free-from curves is done independently for each image, registration based on linear features is independent to radiometric characteristics, bands and resolution. In fact it can be used with images captured from different sensors. This paper is orientated towards the registration of 2D free-form curves, such as roads, pipelines and railway lines, extracted from satellite images and/or topographic maps, for photogrammetric and remote sensing applications. The matching of the free form curves is based on the Iterative Closest Point Algorithm and the Least Squares Method (LSM). Implementation of the idea has been further incorporated in an open source CAD and has been tested with real world data of an urban area. For this area a 40 years old topographic map is registered with a recent satellite image using merely free-form curves with promising results.


With rapidly changing technology, user services teams must adapt to meet the needs of their users. Determining which applications to support and which seminars to offer can bc a challenging task. Mississippi Center for Supercomputing Research (MCSR) consultants have developed a lightweight call tracking system, The Lighthouse, to assist in this area. The World Wide Web accessible call tracking system is useful in that it (I) dispatches calls to the dcsignated contact, (2) provides a knowledge base which can bc accessed by users during and after normal work hours, (3) allows users to find out the status of their calls, and (4) collects access statistics (hits) which help consultants determine where to focus efforts. The call tracking system is implemented with CC1 programs and a Mini SQL database. While The Lighthouse has been in use for only a short time, it is already proving indispensable in meeting the needs of the MCSR user base. Motivation for Developing a Call Tracking System The user support staff of the Mississippi Center for Supercomputing Research (MCSR) is faced with a problem instantly recognizable by any university computing support group: a dramatic increase in demands upon its expertise, generated by a suddenly massive user base grappling with rapidly changing technology while having no corresponding increase in state funding to improve staffing. The consultants need to find a way to reduce their workloads to a manageable level; to learn where to focus education efforts; to handle complaints so that they could be validated, defused, or refuted; and to create a history of problems for users to make solutions easier to identify. In addition, all of these improvcments have to be created in a manner which leads to reduced not increased workloads. Since the MCSR is a unit which offers computing support to all of the state-supported institutions of higher learning in Mississippi, another goal became creating both a reusable model for information management and a knowledge base which could be referenced and increased by users at the nine campuses served by the Center. It was hoped that the project would create a statewide archive of solutions as well as provide a tool which could be exported to handlc information problems at the various sites. Another benefit of the information base would be to provide a quantifiable measure of staff activity and results, which would contribute to the ability to show accountability to state government and to taxpayers. The common method of providing a user community with accessible solutions to computing problems and the method used by MCSR until recently typically involves many individuals working through loosely coordinated efforts. Only a few years ago, the MCSR user base was relatively small and consisted of scientific and engineering users for whom an informal method of providing support was satisfactory. Rapidly increasing interest in Internet tools such as email and newsgroups, using the Internet Lo enhance teaching, and developing World Wide Web (WWW) sites resulted in a dramatic surge in calls. The MCSR user base now includes individuals from many disciplines, including some with very limited experience in using computers. In addition, increased demands on staff expertise developed from the proliferation of Unix-based workstations used for solving scientific and engineering problems. With workstation platforms came many new visualization, mathematics, and engineering software applications to support. Permission to make digitaVhard copy of all orpurt of this work forpersonul or chssroom use is grunted withoutfee provided that copies ure not mude or distributedforprojit or commerciul udvuntage. the copyright notice, the title ofthepublicution and its dute uppear; und notice is given that copying is by permission of ACM, Inc. L% copy otherwise. to republish, to post on servers. or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specijc permission unaY/or u fee.


The stream-gaging network in Idaho was evaluated as part of a nationwide effort by the U.S. Geological Survey to define and document the most cost-effective means of furnishing streamflow information. Eleven sources of funding contribute to the Idaho network. Uses of streamflow data collected from 185 surface-water gaging stations compose nine categories. Analysis of the data-use categories identified 19 stations that could be discontinued. Operation of Idaho's current (1982) network requires an annual budget of $781,000, which results in an average standard error of 22.7 percent. This overall level of record accuracy could be maintained with a minimum budget of $760,000, if allocation of manpower and equipment among the 185 gages was redistributed. Such redistribution would allow additional money for establishing gages in datadeficient areas. At the minimum budget, the average standard error is 23.0 percent. At a maximum budget of $1,500,000, the average standard error is 13.4 percent. Upgrading equipment and developing strategies to minimize lost record would improve reliability and accuracy of streamflow data. Future cost-effectiveness studies would be essential to identify changes in demand for streamflow information and to investigate ways of reducing the probabilities of lost correlative data.


This paper presents the design and analysis of a novel dual-mass microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonant output gyroscope (ROG), which can effectively eliminate the influence of common-mode disturbance, such as the linear acceleration, on the gyroscope working mode by the design of dual-mass form, as well as on the frequency outputs of the double-ended tuning fork (DETF) resonators by the differential arrangement. The concept of the ROG is introduced first. Then the dynamics of the gyroscope and the force-frequency characteristics of the DETF resonator are theoretically analyzed. By establishing the distribution coefficient of force and the reasonable equivalent of the force-frequency characteristics of the DETF resonator, the accurate expression of the device sensitivity is obtained. Based on the analysis results, the leverage mechanism and the DETF resonator are designed in detail. Then the configuration of the gyroscope, a dual-mass structure, is given. Finally, the validity of the analysis and ...


Since the 16th CPC national congress,China characteristics socialism construction from the theory to the formation and development has its profound historical and realistic basis. Emphasis on improving people's lives for social construction,because people to dissolve in the construction of social contradictions and problems,social fairness and justice is the point of social construction. Accelerate the emphasis on improving people's lives for the social development must adhere to the economic development,increase social system reform and social construction.


An understanding of the mechanisms of fatigue in sintered aluminium is required in order to improve properties. Here we examine and characterise the mechanisms of fatigue cracking in sintered aluminium. The fatigue strength of sintered Ampalloy 2712 in 3-point bending was found to be 150 MPa. Fatigue crack initiation occurred at surface or subsurface pores and pore clusters. Veins of oxide phase were observed on fatigue fracture surfaces and are believed to be pre-existing microstructural features the residue of the alumina coating on aluminium powder particles. The oxide phase is present on the fracture surfaces due to fatigue crack mechanisms.


The paper provides a critical analysis and research findings assessment of Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, President of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic Shakhrudin Aidievich Gapurov. The main attention is paid to the most significant scientific results and conclusions made by the author in the process of studying the period of the Caucasian War (1818–1864). It is shown that Gapurov Sh.A., on the basis of a critical analysis of abundant archival materials, argumentatively proved the scientific inconsistency of the "raiding system" concept put forward by M.M. Bliev. According to this concept, the continuous looting and raids of the mountaineers on the Caucasian line caused the Caucasian War. Based on a critical analysis of historical documents, he proved that the main reason for the Caucasian War was a sharp change in Russian policy in the Caucasus, when, instead of predominantly peaceful means, Ermolov A.P. began to establish Russian power in the Caucasus by extremely harsh and repressive methods. The author has convincingly shown that the consequences of the Caucasian War were catastrophic, that it was the greatest tragedy in the history of Russian-Mountain relations, which brought the Chechen ethnic group to the brink of physical and moral destruction. The conclusion of the author regarding the relations between Chechnya and Russia in the XVI–XVIII centuries deserves attention. The author shows that these relations were formed not only on the basis of military conflicts and mutual robberies, but that peaceful good-neighborly relations played an important role in them.


In this article the development of the model for fast neuron detector is considered. The construction of detector is based on alternating layers of silicon as sensing material of charged particles and boron (enriched with 10B) as neutron converter located in moderator Simulation in GEANT4 showed that detector with one layer of silicon and one layer of boron has very low detection efficiency for fast neutron (approximately 4%).. The study of the possibility to increase detector efficiency due to geometry optimization of it is presented It is shown that efficiency depends on the number of layers and their location in the materials of detectors and moderator. It was found that the optimal geometry is that where the layers of boron-silicon are angularly related to each other. It is shown that the detection efficiency for a model with set of boron-silicon layers angularly related to each other is up may reach 6%.


Abstract : DPV I program covered the system aspects of developing and testing a brassboard 1-GPBS laser communications subsystem consisting of four components: a Nd:YAG laser, an optical modulator, an optical receiver, and transceiver electronics. The subsystem employed the technique of quadriphase-shift-keying (QPSK) a microwave subcarrier which, in turn, polarization-modulated a CW single-frequency green laser beam. During an integration period, difficulties were encountered with some of the components, necessitating a number of revisions and tests of alternates. Several phototubes, two optical modulators, and argon and Nd:YAG lasers were used in various combinations. It was eventually established that only one phototube had the desired characteristics. It was also found that the LiTaO3 modulator did not produce a sufficiently homogeneous modulation over the beam cross section to achieve the large depth of modulation desired. Consequently, most data were taken with the beam apertured with only the central portion received.


The electric field data for two crossings of the magnetopause by ISEE-1 on November 20, 1977, have been analyzed with high time resolution. In both cases the electric field has a negative dawn-dusk component in the boundary layer, so it must reverse somewhere within the current layer to the positive value outside. If there is a component parallel to the moving magnetopause current it is small, and by no means obvious. In the case of the exit crossing from the boundary layer to the magnetosheath the data show that the electric field vector is turning for about two seconds at roughly the satellite spin rate; this changing direction suggests that the electric field has a curl. Such a curl could be caused by a travelling localized perturbation of the magnetopause surface current associated with impulsive plasma transport through the magnetopause.


Background and Objectives:Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) is a disease entity with no known specific curative measures. However, significant improvement in the left ventricular (LV) systolic function, during the management course for IDC, is frequently observed. In this study we tried to ascertain associated factors for the improvement of the LV function in patients with IDC. Subjects and Methods:Thirty-three patients, newly diagnosed as IDC between Jan. 1999 and Jan. 2001, on whom a 6-month follow-up echocar-diography was performed, were included in the study. Improvement in the LV systolic function was defined as an increase in the LV ejection fraction greater than 10% from the baseline. The subjects were divided into two groups; the improved group (IG) and the unimproved group (UG). The clinical characteristics and management methods were evaluated, and compared between the two groups. Results:Seventeen patients (M/F:15/2) were included in the IG, and 16 (M/F:7/9) were included in the UG. There were no significant differences in the baseline LV systolic function (IG:23.4±1.5% vs. UG:28.9±2.3%), age, NYHA functional class or resting heart rate on admission between the two groups. b-blocker therapy (p=0.002), the absence of diabetes mellitus (p=0.046) and male sex (p=0.007), were all significantly associated with an improvement in the LV systolic function from the univariate analyses. With the multivariate analyses, only b-blocker therapy was significantly associated with an improvement in the LV systolic function. The 6-month event-free survival rate was significantly better in the IG compared with UG (94±5% vs. 63±13%, p=0.031). Conclusion:b-blocker therapy exerts a considerable effecs on the improvement in the LV systolic function of patients with IDC. (Korean Circulation J 2002;32(12):1064-1071)


biography of a particular concept, or set of concepts, it becomes apparent that the authors often mean very different things when they say Klassik, Klassizismus, or Klassizität. While some, Pfotenhauer, for example, focus on classicism in the narrower sense of the word, that is, on the eighteenth-century conception of classical, primarily Greek, art and literature, others, Gschwandtner and Degner, among others, address the oppressive presence of a national canon, Goethe's, in particular. some contributions hardly address Klassizität at all. michael Bies's chapter on Goethe and Kathrin Rosenfield's on Hölderlin are both excellent interpretations of Goethe's concept of Handwerk and Hölderlin's famous translations of sophocles, but the battles they zoom in on are not really between classicism and anticlassicism. Both texts are convincing and thought-provoking studies, but they significantly widen the scope of the book as a whole. Furthermore, one or two possible topics remain underdeveloped. schiller plays a surprisingly small role in the various discussions of the German classicist tradition, whereas Grillparzer is only mentioned in passing by the editors. nor is the polemic entanglement of classicism and romanticism, to which the chapters occasionally refer, dealt with sufficiently. in fact, the conflict between classicist Weimar and romantic Jena contains everything that the book focuses on: the drawing of arbitrary dividing lines, the use and abuse of the classical tradition, changing loyalties within the various constellations, etc. Ehrmann devotes no more than approximately two pages to this historically crucial conflict. instead, one has to turn to sabine schneider's important 2002 essay, "Klassizismus und Romantik," or to Harald Tausch's 2011 book, Literatur um 1800, for more thorough investigations of the "klassisch-romantischen Doppelepoche." With that said, to anyone interested in historical disputes over art—and quite frankly, who isn't interested?—Ehrmann and Wolf's volume offers important insights into the unending conflict over a key concept in aesthetics as well as innovative interpretations of individual contributions to this conflict. in spite of new trends and ideals, Klassizität proves to be an inescapable point of reference, regardless of whether you side with classicism or with anticlassicism or find yourself lost in the no man's land between these front lines of aesthetics.


Germination of the conidia of the rice blast fungus, Piricularia Oryzae, in the water drops on the leaves of rice plants, treated with Cephalothecin, an antibiotic substance obtained from culture filtrate of Cephalothecium sp., was inhibited in proportion to the concentration of the solution. The treatment with Cephalothecin solution was made either by soaking the rice seeds for 3 days or by immersing the roots of rice seedlings for 12 hours. A tendency of reduction in percentage of appressorium formation was also recognized.As a result of inoculation, the number of infections on the leaves of rice seedlings previously treated with Cephalothecin was significantly less than on non-treated. The retardation in germination of conidia and appressorium formation prior to the penetration may be of primary significance for the lowering of infections. The fact that the actual number of the lesions was less than the calculated number of penetrated conidia per 1cm length of leaf, suggests that the treatment may also influence the development of the fungus within the host plant after penetration. The macerated powder of dried mycelium of Cephalothecium showed the similar effect upon the germination of conidia in the water drop on the rice plants.


The invention provides an electrochemical wastewater treatment method for removing salts and refractory organic matters synchronously and is mainly applied to wastewater containing low-concentration salts and low-concentration refractory organic matters. According to the method, the salts are removed under the electro-adsorption effect of a high-specific-surface-area material on negative and positive ions, and the refractory organic matters are oxidized and removed through control on cathode and anode potential to generate reactive oxygen components and reactive chlorine components. According to the method, characteristics of electro-adsorption salt removal and electrochemical oxidation methods are combined, a cathode and an anode are fully utilized, the efficiency for removal of the salts and the refractory organic matters is high, and the removal cost is low.


A plankton pump has been devised to make continuous or sectional vertical collections easily from depths as great as 200 meters or less. By one method of operation it is passible with this apparatus to pump continuously from 100 to 0 meters 40 lit ?? es in 6 minutes. Another method of operation pumps up any desired amount of water sectionally from any desired depth. To change the volume of collecti on, and consequently the plankton, a mere change of the position of the tow line on the pulley over which it passes is all that is necessary. The water thus obtained may be filtered by using the bolting silk of No. 25. The distinctive feature of this pump is that by rotating its operating axis it winds the tow line of the suction tubing automatically on the winding drum (3). When the pump is equipped with a short suction tubing, say one or two meters, 50 turns of the winding axis draw up about 10 litres of water about 75 turns of the operating axis are required when a greater length of tubing, say 100 meters, is attached. As may be seen from Fig. 1 the pump consists of the following essential parts: 1) Pump. Pump used is a common wing pump with suction and forcing tubings of 20mm, inner diameter. 2) Suction tubing. Suction tubing is of 15mm. inner diameter and 23mm. outer diameter, having a length of 100 to 200 meters, wound on a drum about 55cm. in diameter. 3) Winding drum. This drum having a diameter of 32cm. and breadth of 13cm. is capable of holding 100 to 200 meters of tow line. 4) Winding pulley. The diameter of this pulley is varied at different parts so as to change the speed of winding. 5) Turning handle. By turning this handle the collection of water and the winding of the line can be made concurrently. 6) Combined three pulleys. The pulleys which move by mutu ?? l friction have a diameter of 20cm. e ?? ch. The uppermost pulley can be feed from the other two by lifting the lever (8). 7) Release. By using this release the winding pulley (4) becomes free on its axis. 8) Lever. By means of this lever the uppermost pulley (12) is feed from the other two pulleys. 9) Suction tubing. Suction tubing is of 15mm. inner diamete. 10) Outlet tubing. This is also of 15mm. inner diameter. The outlet water from this tube is filte el through the small plankton net of bolting silk No 25. 11) The mouth of the suction tubing. To the mouth of the suction tubing is hung a sinker of sufficient weight.


The removal of vanadium, as vanadate ion, from waste streams is described. A series of experiments was devised to study the process of vanadium removal by precipitation in the presence of excess ferric hydroxide which yields vanadate concentrations of less than 4 mg/l consistently. Under most initial concentration and pH conditions vanadium can be removed to less than 5 mg/l in the laboratory in essentially pure water and with careful control. The similarity of pH, vanadium, and iron concentrations in the pond and pond seepage situations to those in the experiment suggest that high dissolved solid concentrations do not seriously interfere with the process described. To be certain that vanadium removal can be accomplished in other waste water streams, further pilot plant treatment studies should be performed. (CAJ)


A mobile ad hoc network consists of collection of wireless nodes without any fixed infrastructure or base station. Mobile nodes are arbitrarily located due to its characteristics such as dynamic topological configuration, wireless connectivity and open medium. For optimized routing, the efficient routing protocols are essential in such type of networks. The performance of a table-driven protocol DSDV and two prominent on-demand routing protocols like AODV and DSR are compared. Even though AODV and DSR are similar in on-demand behaviour and differ in various significance factors. The simulation experiments are conducted to study the performance of DSDV with two on-demand protocols AODV and DSR.


Vibrational relaxation in the 1B2u state of benzene has been studied. The molecules were excited by the mercury 2537‐A radiation or by electron impact in a low‐pressure discharge. All information about vibrational relaxation was obtained from the vibrational structure of the optical emission spectra as a function of the vapor pressure or the pressure of a foreign gas. A model is suggested describing the entire relaxation mechanism by transitions between three vibronic levels of the 1B2u state. These levels have different vibrational properties. Radiationless transitions are assumed to occur at different rates from the three levels. This model is applied to intersystem crossing and a photochemical process, both competing with vibrational relaxation in the 1B2u state of benzene.


This paper presents an analytical model to investigate the nonlinear dynamic analysis of high speed ball bearings due to ball waviness and unbalanced rotor. The Hertzian contact theory is applied to calculate the elastic deflection and nonlinear contact force, while the rotor has translational and angular motions. In the analytical formulation, the contacts between rolling elements and inner/outer races are considered as nonlinear springs. A nonlinear damping formula, correlating the contact damping force with the equivalent contact stiffness and contact deformation rate is used in the derivation. The numerical integration technique Newmark-β with Newton-Raphson method is used to solve the nonlinear differential equations iteratively. The results are presented in the form of FFTs. The formulation predicts the discrete spectra with specific frequency components for each order of ball waviness. Numerical results obtained from the simulation are validated with respect to those of prior results. Due to an unbalanced rotor, the system is bi-periodically excited. In the vibration spectrum, the peak amplitude of vibrations appears at the wave passage frequency (Nw ωroll ), rotational frequency (X) and interaction between wave passage and rotational frequencies.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


This paper analyses the proceedings brought against Augusto Pinochet. After a description of the case which took place on a truly transnational level, involving jurists, politicians and human rights groups across two continents, the paper will look at the impact on political life in Chile, arguing that transnational justice was important in not only seriously discrediting the former president, but also in propelling a new political climate where new actors, in particular victims and judges, were given a greater prominence in the process of transnational justice. This sense of empowerment has had an impact at a global level, with victims elsewhere seeking to bring perpetrators of human rights violations accountable in foreign courts. The paper concludes that despite the success of the Pinochet proceedings in giving human rights a greater platform in Chile, the possibilities of universal jurisdiction becoming a widespread tool for victims around the globe are limited, now that national lawmakers have placed significant restrictions on the exercise of extraterritorial jurisdiction.


The present invention relates to use of DNA recombination technique and protein engineering technique to reform silkworm silk (including heavy chain and light chain of silk protein), so obtaining theimproved silkworm silk, the silkworm for generating said silk and the process for preparing said silk.


Measurement of the concentrations of bioactive gibberellin (GA) in germinating cereal seeds is important to grasp the molecular mechanisms of storage starch degradation following the activation of aleurone cells. We investigated a simple method for the estimation of bioactive GA in germinating rice seeds using α-amylase secreted by the aleurone. The α-amylase enzyme activities released from aleurone in response to GA application were plotted against the applied GA concentrations and the amount of α-amylase proteins were visualized on nitrocellulose filter using polyclonal antibodies to compare with those synthesized in germinating seeds. We could define the bioactive GA concentration in a rice seedling ranged from 0.1 to 1 nM and identify the 42 kDa α-amylase isoform, which appears only when the internal GA condition becomes higher than 1 nM. This isoform will be a good index for the analysis of signaling cascades mediated by high concentrations of GA.


The groove fbr the mylohyoid nerve and blood vessels on the medial surface of the ramus of the human mandible is occasionally covered by one or two bony bridges at various positions of its course from the mandibular foramen to the antero-inferior extremity under the mylohyoid line, Such yariant trait of the mylohyoid groove has been called the mylohyoid cana] (Canalis m.vlohyoideus) by anatomists. Little attentjon had been paid to this structure by anthropologists until LAuGHLiN & JijRGENsEN (1956), who called this trait the mylohyoid arch, recorded its incidences in four cranial series of the Greentand Eskimo as one of the discrete craniological traits to which they applied inter-populational distance ana]ysis. Since then, howeyer, recording the incidence of the mylohyoid bridging has become routlne in standard craniological survey of recent as well as earlier human skeletal populations, The present authors encountered a considerably high incidence and interesting anatomical features of this trait in prehistoric human skeletal materials from Hokkaido in northem Japan. The purposes of this article are to discuss the causative factor of the mylohyoid bridging from anatomical point of view based on the materials at hand, and also to review and compare the incidence data of various populations in the Circum-Pacific area.


In this paper, a new kind of connectivity called SR-connectedness in L-topological spaces is introduced by means of semiregular closed L-sets. Some fundamental properties of SR-connectedness are obtained. Especially, the famous K.Fan's Theorem can be extended to L-topological spaces for SR-connectedness.


High frequency switching circuits can effectively increase the power density, efficiency, reliability and flexibility, and reduce power losses and equipment cost. Consequently, high-frequency switching circuits have been paid much attention in recent decades. These performances are thoroughly different from traditional analogue control systems. Till now there is no suitable theory to describe the characteristics of the switching circuits and systems. A new theory entitled "digital power electronics" presents the clue of switching operation (switching period T= 1/f, f is the switching frequency) and the pumping-filtering process, resonant operation and soft-switching methodology, and researched the rules of power switching circuits and systems. The new parameters energy factor (EF), pumping energy (PE), stored energy (SE), capacitor-inductor stored energy ratio (CIR) and time constants tau and taud. Using these new parameters, ZOH/FOH/SOH and the z-transform can well describe the characteristics of power switching circuits and systems


Using the dynamic method of moments generalized (GMM) from a sample of 15 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries during the period 2000-2017, the researcher conducted this paper in an attempt to examine the impact of governance quality on foreign direct investments (FDI) and economic growth in these countries. The results show that, in general, governance variables are positively correlated with economic growth. This is due to the fact that the quality of the institutional infrastructure is very important for the attractiveness of FDI and the promotion of a country's growth. Similarly, FDI is significantly and positively related to economic growth.


A 73-year-old woman was referred to our Cardiology Department due to recurrent headaches and dizziness. She had a history of hypertension of 10 years. In the territorial hospital, left internal carotid artery significant stenosis was suspected. Neurological examination and laboratory tests were normal. A neck vascular ultrasound was performed, showing a low bifurcation of the left common carotid artery (CCA) and a hypoplastic left internal carotid artery (ICA) with a sinuous path at the cervical level. Therefore, a computed tomographic (CT) angiography examination of the head and neck vessels was performed. The images confirmed the presence of a hypoplastic left ICA, anatomic variation in the left CCA, and also showed that the left vertebral artery (VA) was stemming directly from the aortic arch, exhibiting a kinking trajectory.


This issue of Contemporary Chinese Thought features seven articles, all from the April 1999 issue of Dushu [Reading]. That month marked the 20th birthday of the review. No special "anniversary number" was published on that occasion, but the April 1999 issue ran two commemorative articles filled with reminiscences of people and events representative of the history of the publication. Besides, a number of the remaining articles were by regular contributors, and the topics they addressed were quite typical of the magazine.


The subject of the graduation thesis named Family advertisement target group twenty years ago and nowadays is the confrontation of the advertisement aiming family, which are printed in the ?qKvety?? journal in the years 1989 and 2009. The purpose of the thesis is to cofirm or display the hypothesis of accuracy of the advertisement message from the point of the money outgoings Czech families in compared years. The explanation of the family institution, evaluation of selected demographical indicators of the years 1989 and 2009 are the content of the first part. This part describes the particularity of advertisement messages in compared years, shopping behaviour of the consumers and the data of the family money outgoings as well . The second part compares single advertisements presen-ted in the journal from the point of presented hypothesis.


Chan-Su(CS,or bufonis venenum),a traditional Chinese medicine,has many biological functions.It is mainly composed of bufotenidines,bufogenins,and etc.CS has been documented to possess functions against inflammation and cancer,and is widely employed as a therapeutic drug for many kinds of cancers in China.However,it is difficult to judge antitumor effect of agents derived from CS because of the following reasons:agents derived from CS are mixture,they are lack of observations of multiple centres,preparation process is lack of quality control standards and agents have many toxic or side effects at high dose.Apoptosis is a very important cellular event that plays a key role in pathogeny and therapy of many diseases.The mechanisms of the initiation and regulation of apoptosis are complex and diverse.Caspase family is closely connected with many apoptotic processes,while its member,caspase-3,being an important executive apoptotic molecule.To explore the inhibitory effect and mechanism of CS on human lung adenocarcinoma(ASTC-a-1),gene plasmid transfection,fluorescence emission spectra and fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET) were used to study the caspase-3 activation during the CS-induced human lung adenocarcinoma(ASTC-a-1) cell apoptosis.CCK-8 was used to assay the inhibition of CS on the cells viability.The dynamical emission spectra of SCAT3 were performed inside living cells expressed stably with SCAT3 after CS treatment.The cell morphology was examined and photographed by phase microscope and confocal fluorescence scanning microscope.Experimental results showed that(1) CS inhibited dose-dependently the cells viability;(2) apoptotic body was observed in some cells 6 h after CS treatment,and most of cells were in shrinkage 24 h after CS treatment;(3) The SCAT3 inside living cells were cleaved by caspase-3 2 h after CS treatment,and most of the SCAT3 was cleaved 24 h after CS treatment,and the acceptor photobleaching experiments of SCAT3 also verified these results,implying that CS activated caspase-3 which induced cell apoptosis.Therefore,caspase-3 is involved in the CS-induced cell apoptosis.


Non-hermitian quantum systems can exhibit spectral degeneracies known as exceptional points , where two or more eigenvectors coalesce, leading to a non-diagonalizable Jordan block. It is known that symmetries can enhance the abundance of exceptional points in non-interacting systems. Here, we investigate the fate of such symmetry protected exceptional points in the presence of a symmetry preserving interaction between two fermions and find that, (i) exceptional points are stable in the presence of the interaction. Their propagation through the parameter space leads to the formation of characteristic exceptional "fans". In addition, (ii) we identify a new source for exceptional points which are only present due to the interaction. These points emerge from diagonalizable degeneracies in the non-interacting case. Beyond their creation and stability, (iii) we also find that exceptional points can annihilate each other if they meet in parameter space with compatible many-body states forming a third order exceptional point at the endpoint. These phenomena are well captured by an "exceptional perturbation theory" starting from a non-interacting Hamiltonian.


Abstract The present study attempted to explore the challenges related to inclusion of students with disabilities at an institution of technology in South Africa with an intention to suggest recommendations for improvements. A purposive sample of 12 students (5 females and 7 males) with disabilities participated in the study. A semistructured interview exploring the challenges related to inclusion of students with disabilities at the university was conducted with the participants. The findings of the study revealed that the students with disabilities experienced a number of challenges related to the inclusion of students with disabilities at the university under study.The study revealed that the students with disabilities experienced challenges related to accessibility to the lecture rooms, library, halls/auditoriums, residents, administrative block and learning. The participants believed that the physical infrastructure in the university was not user-friendly for students with disabilities. Recommendations to improve the challenges related to inclusion of students with disabilities were made.


Objective:To evaluate the value of multifarious calcify by Molybdenum Photography in the diagnosis of breast disease. Methods: All of them were scanned photographed by GE 800T Galactophore device conducted by C. C and M. L projecctions. Results: 118 cluster Calcifications were proved by surgery or pathology. Including 72 cases with breast benign calcify, have the shape of bulky, vacuole,conglomeration elt. 48 cases with breast malign calcify,have the shape of hoarse 、 needlepoint 、tittle、 forked etc. Conclusions: There have important price in the diagnosis of breast disease of the place of Calcification,the ration of Calcification、amount、density etc.


Currently, the visual demand incurred by vehicle displays is evaluated using time criteria (such as those provided by NHTSA). This 60-participant driving simulator study investigated to what extent glance time criteria applies to Head-up Display (HUD) imagery, considering 48 locations across the windshield (and 3 in-vehicle display positions). Participants were required to make a long controlled continuous glance to a sample of these locations. Consequently, the time at which lateral/longitudinal unsafe driving occurred (e.g. deviating out of lane, unacceptable time to collision) could then be assessed. Using the selected measures, the results suggest that drivers are able to maintain driving performance for longer than recommended NHTSA guidelines for in-vehicle displays whilst engaging with HUD imagery in various locations. Importantly, the data from this study provides initial maps for designers highlighting the visual demand implications of HUD imagery across the windshield.