Sympathetic ophthalmia is a rare, bilateral, recurrent, granulomatous panuveitis following penetrating ocular trauma or surgery. Although the etiology is not well understood, it is thought that there is an autoimmune reaction against ocular antigens that are exposed from the inciting eye. Diagnosis is based on history and clinical findings. As well as the primary site of inflammation in the choroid, posterior segment findings such as papillitis, vitritis, exudative retinal detachment, increased choroidal thickness, choroidal infiltrations, and Dalen-Fuchs nodules and granulomatous anterior uveitis especially in chronic recurrent phase are the most important clinical features of the disease. Prompt and effective treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents is very important in achieving good visual results. The role of enucleation in the prevention and prognosis of the disease is controversial.


In Australia's Surat basin, gas is contained in hundreds of coal seams which have highly variable properties. For example, permeabilities can range from Darcys to micro-Darcy in a single well, and the production from individual seams will not be uniform. The coal seams are grouped into four distinct reservoir zones of similar qualities1 and coal productivity is measured with dual packer drill stem tests (DSTs)2. Selected coal seams are isolated with the DST dual packers and tested providing the measurement of permeability to a four-layer dynamic reservoir model. These tests are performed when the well is drilled, are short duration and are generally single phase water production. The permeability values thus derived are used in the reservoir model throughout well life and they cannot be validated without additional zonal allocation datasets.


The idea of modern geoanalysis is briefly describe d . Modern technologies and methods of geoanalysis are introduced and reviewed from six aspects: bulk analysis; micro-(in situ)analysis and element distribution analysis; structure, image and valence state analysis; organic and speciation analysis; age-dating and stable-isotope methods; and field(in situ) analysis techniques. The main content of each part is as follows: The idea of modern geoanalysis is shown by describing its history,development ,formation of the idea and development trends in the future. Currently,the most important Bulk Analysis techniques are X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry(XRF), Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES), ICP Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS), Instrument Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)and Total Reflection XRF(TRXRF). Microanalysis(in situ)and Element Distribution Analysis(element map) techniques include:①Electron micro-beam techniques: Electron Microprobe Analysis(EMPA), Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), Analytical Electron Microscopy (AEM)and Transmitted Electron Microscopy (TEM);②X-ray and high-energy ion-beam techniques: Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Microprobe(SRXRM)and Scanning Nuclear Microprobe(SNM);③Laser and low energy ion-beam techniques: Laser Ablation ICP-MS(LA-ICP-MS) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry(SIMS). Structure,image, and valence state analysis techniques involve: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD),various Electron Microscopy(EMPA, SEM, AEM and TEM)and some surface analysis techniques: Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis(ESCA),Auger Electron Spectroscopy(AES), Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure(EXAFS), X -ray Absorption Near Edge Structure(XANES) and Scanning Tunneling Microscope(STM )or Atomic Force Microscope(AFM). As a result of demands of energy-minerals and environment-geoscience research,the organic component and speciation analysis has been other important field in modern geoanalysis. Main techniques are Gas Chromatography(GC),Mass Spectrometry(MS),High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC),Capillary Electrophoresis(CE), Laser Laman Spectroscopy(LLS),Fourier Infrared Spectrometry(FIRS), chemical sensor and their combined techniques.Dating and stable isotope analysis techniques include: the conventional TIMS,NIMS and new micro-dating techniques: SIMS,SHRIMP,LA-ICP-MS,AMS and Laser probe Ar/Ar dating.The field and in situ analysis techniques include: the geochemical detect of extraterrestrial materials, the analysis techniques on board and under water for marine mineral resources, the field analysis for general survey, mining, drill core and well logging.


For any function , the connection between the Riesz means of expansions of in a trigonometric series and in a biorthogonal series in the eigenfunctions and associated functions of a nonselfadjoint differential operator of order is studied.Bibliography: 6 titles.


This project aims to develop a learning and teaching aid for the Computer Graphic Animation subject by using the online technology. Its main focus is on the general meaning of animation under the subtopic animation introduction. The development of this project was based on research theories such as Behaviorism, Constructivism and self-learning. These theories are used as a guideline in the implementation of this project. The project is divided into 5 phases, literature review, analysis, materials preparation planning, system design and development .This project is divided into 2 main parts namely, activities and tutorial. The application of Java Aplet Technology is used in creating the activities part. On the other hand, the combination of Java Script and Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is used in the tutorial part. Subsequently, both parts will be combined and implemented to the web which will act as the online learning and teaching aid. It is our hope that the development ofthis project will be able to fulfill the need and brings about an effective environment of learning and teaching.


Inverse problems are of the utmost importance in many fields of science and engineering. In the variational approach, inverse problems are formulated as partial differential equation-constrained optimization problems, where the optimal estimate of the uncertain parameters is the minimizer of a certain cost functional subject to the constraints posed by the model equations. The numerical solution of such optimization problems requires the computation of derivatives of the model output with respect to model parameters. The first-order derivatives of a cost functional (defined on the model output) with respect to a large number of model parameters can be calculated efficiently through first-order adjoint (FOA) sensitivity analysis. Second-order adjoint (SOA) models give second derivative information in the form of matrix–vector products between the Hessian of the cost functional and user-defined vectors. Traditionally, the construction of second-order derivatives for large-scale models has been considered too costly. Consequently, data assimilation applications employ optimization algorithms that use only first-order derivative information, such as nonlinear conjugate gradients and quasi-Newton methods. In this paper, we discuss the mathematical foundations of SOA sensitivity analysis and show that it provides an efficient approach to obtain Hessian-vector products. We study the benefits of using second-order information in the numerical optimization process for data assimilation applications. The numerical studies are performed in a twin experiment setting with a two-dimensional shallow water model. Different scenarios are considered with different discretization approaches, observation sets, and noise levels. Optimization algorithms that employ second-order derivatives are tested against widely used methods that require only first-order derivatives. Conclusions are drawn regarding the potential benefits and the limitations of using high-order information in large-scale data assimilation problems.


Pediatric esophageal foreign bodies (FBs) that involve disc batteries are increasingly common.Emergentretrievalmayminimizepotentiallyavoidablemorbidities,suchasesophageal perforation, tracheoesophageal fistula, and death. Management strategies for removalofpediatricesophagealbatteriesdifferfromthoseforretrievalofcoins,forexample, where serial imaging during a period of observation may be appropriate. Emergency physicians who also practice FB retrieval or advancement in the emergency department setting must be certain that the object is not a disc battery. Patient history may not include a witnessed ingestion, and the physical examination cannot distinguish coins from batteries. A chest roentgenogram establishes the diagnosis and location of an esophageal FB, while an important finding is oftenoverlooked.Thatis,theappearanceof a disc battery is unique on roentgenogram and must be recognized. The patients with esophageal disc battery ingestion require emergent FB retrieval in the operating room.


1. Introduction 2. Electoral theory 3. Electoral practice: Normandy 4. Electoral practice: Greater Anjou 5. The episcopacy in Normandy and Greater Anjou 6. The impact of the Capetian conquest 1204/06 7. Conclusion 8. Appendices 8.1 I: The episcopacy of Normandy and Greater Anjou between c. 1140 and c. 1230 8.2 II: The date of Causa super controversia 9. Bibliography.


Conventional continuous wave and long pulse (nanosecond) laser ablation is used in many fields, such as direct PCB structuring process. In this regimes the dominant process involved is the heating of the target material through the liquid phase to the vapour phase, resulting in expansion and expulsion of the desired target material. Frequency-tripled UV Nd:YAG laser spot is used at focal point, however we can conveniently change the power, pulse repetition rate and beam scanning speed to get optimum surface energy density for selective material removing.


We combine conventional metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gated diode measurements and very sensitive electrically detected electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements to detect and identify negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) generated defect centers in fully processed HfO2 pMOS field effect transistors (pMOSFETs). The spectra were found to be quite different from those generated by NBTI in conventional Si/SiO2 based devices. The defect spectra generated by long term stressing differ from the short term stressing signals and are somewhat similar to those observed in plasma nitrided oxide Si/SiO2 based devices. These traces are similar in that their ESR g values are virtually identical. Our results strongly suggest that, in these HfO2 based devices, NBTI defects are located in the interfacial SiO2 layer


The higher prostate cancer death rates seen among black men in the United States may be due to a higher incidence of preclinical disease and higher risk of metastatic progression, suggesting that different screening policies could benefit this population.


Basic goal of this paper was to establish differences between teams depending on their final rankings in a group phase of competition. 32 teams were analyzed throughout 96 total games in group phase of 2014/2015 Football Championship League. Variables compared were ball passes ; ball passes considering field zone, distance, and direction ; goal strikes ; dribbling ; center shots ; corners ; taking the ball ; aerial duels ; and fouls. T-testing independent samples showed that teams who were better positioned in the end of group phase had greater values in number of passes, number of passes in the last third of the field, and the number of successful passes in the last third of the field


We consider the Stieltjes moment problem for the Berg-Urbanik semigroups which form a class of multiplicative convolution semigroups on $\mathbb{R}_+$ that is in bijection with the set of Bernstein functions. Berg and Dur\'an proved that the law of such semigroups is moment determinate (at least) up to time $t=2$, and, for the Bernstein function $\phi(u)=u$, Berg made the striking observation that for time $t>2$ the law of this semigroup is moment indeterminate. We extend these works by estimating the threshold time $\scr{T}_\phi \in [2,\infty]$ that it takes for the law of such Berg-Urbanik semigroups to transition from moment determinacy to moment indeterminacy in terms of simple properties of the underlying Bernstein function $\phi$, such as its Blumenthal-Getoor index. One of the several strategies we implement to deal with the different cases relies on a non-classical Abelian type criterion for the moment problem, recently proved by the authors. To implement this approach we provide detailed information regarding distributional properties of the semigroup such as existence and smoothness of a density, and, the large asymptotic behavior for all $t > 0$ of this density along with its successive derivatives. In particular, these results, which are original in the L\'evy processes literature, may be of independent interests.


OAK-B135 The objective of the project is to examine and develop in-situ nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques for measuring irradiation induced swelling in the internal components for PWRs. This report documents the third phase effort on establishing experimental correlations of the irradiation induced void swelling and measurable material properties of austenitic steels and, eventually, correlation of swelling and signals of the developed swelling sensors. Experimental stainless steel irradiated at high neutron fluences are presented. Theoretical aspects of the influence of void swelling on electrical resistivity and ultrasound velocity are outlined. Swelling-material properties correlations were recommended for quantitative interpretation of swelling measurements.


Laser-induced fluorescence with fiber optic light delivery and collection has been applied for remote analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons. We report laboratory and field data acquired with a transportable and fully wavelength tunable laser system.


1. George Andrews, Number Theory, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders, 1971. 2. P. L. Chebyshev, Sur la Fonction qui D?termine la Totalit? des Nombres Premiuers Inf?rieurs ? une limite Donn?e, Journal de Math?matiques Pures et Appliqu?es, I s?rie, XVII, 1852, 341-365. 3. P.L. Chebyshev, Memoire sur les Nombres Premiers, Journal de Math?matiques Pures et Appliques, I s?rie, XVII, 1852, 366-390. 4. John Derbyshire, Prime Obsession, London, Penguin Books, 2003. 5. Underwood Dudley, Elementary Number Theory, 2nd ed., San Francisco, W. H. Freeman, 1978. 6. William LeVeque, Fundamentals of Number Theory, Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley, 1977. 7. Ivan Niven and Herbert Zuckerman, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1960. 8. Ivan Niven, Herbert Zuckerman and Hugh Montgomery, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1991. 9. Kimberly Robertson and William Staton, A Short Proof of Chebychev's Upper Bound, this Magazine 78 (2005) 385-387. 10. Atle Selberg, An Elementary Proof of the Prime-number Theorem, Ann. of Math. 50, (1949) 305-313. doi: 10.2307/1969455 11. Harold Shapiro, Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1983. Note: [2] and [3] appear in P. L. Chebyshev, Oeuvres Tome 1 (collected works), New York, Chelsea, 1962.


In our country, the development of tribal population has been a major concern of the nation builders, central and state governments, policy makers, non-government organizations, social scientists, social reformers etc. we have constitutional provisions for social, economic, educational, political, administrative, health and sanitational achievements of the tribal people of our nation. Since our independence various policies, strategies, approaches and models to tribal development have been conceived. From the very beginning of the 1st five years plan to the present 12th five years plan, a number of programmes of tribal development have been formulated and implement. Billions and billions of rupees have been spent in the name of tribal development. But most of the programmes have either failed or could not yield result up to the expectation. In this paper an attempt has been made to access and evaluate the impact of various developmental programmes on the socio-economic transformation of the transhumant tribals of Jammu & Kashmir. The study was conducted among the Gujjars and Bakarwals of district Anantnag. For this study data from both primary as well as secondary sources was used. The study reveals that inspite of the implementation of various policies and programmes for their development by the state and central governments, these tribals continue to live in pathetic conditions.


Green supply chain management (GSCM) has become a topic of interest for both business leaders and academic researchers alike. Over the last decade or so, the GSCM literature has grown considerably. Although sufficient literature exists about various aspects and facets of GSCM, earlier works and reviews have a limited focus and narrow perspective. This paper presents a comprehensive integrated view of the published literature of GSCM so as to facilitate further study, practice and research. First, we introduce the different definitions of GSCM and its' development. Second, we focus on reviewing the research on GSCM's decisions and models. Finally, we discuss the limitations of existing research on GSCM and indicate future research opportunities.


In Volume 44, Special Issue 1–4 of Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, errors exist in the presentation of the author affiliation and correspondence address for the article, "Relationships among Soil Nitrate Nitrogen and Nitrogen Nutritional Status, Yield Components, and Must Quality in Semi-arid Vineyards from Rioja AOC, Spain" by Eva Pilar Pérez-Álvarez, José María Martínez-Vidaurre, Ignacio Martín, Enrique García-Escudero, and Fernando Peregrina, pages 232–242. The publisher apologizes for these errors. The author affiliation for this article should appear in the following format: Research Centre of Vine and Wine Related Science (CSIC-University of La RiojaGovernment of La Rioja), Service of Research and Technological Development Agroalimentary (CIDA), Logroño, Spain. The correspondence address for Fernando Peregrina, listed at the bottom of this article's opening page, should appear as: Research Centre of Vine and Wine Related Science (CSIC-University of La RiojaGovernment of La Rioja), Service of Research and Technological Development Agroalimentary (CIDA), Logroño, 26071, Spain. E-mail: email@example.com


A fuzzy and predictive controller is designed with the advantage of fuzzy control's features such as the low requirement of the object and fast response,and predictive control's characteristic of predicting.Simulation results show that this method enhances the trackability of the system,has better compensation to the delay,stronger adaptability to the controlled parameter,and higher precision,quicker speed and more excellent control quality than traditional methods.


Through combination of asssistance funding mode with training mechanisms,and long-term practice with theory exploration,construction of funding and training system has been established in University of South China.Taking the funding and training practice in USC as an example,this paper discusses the establishment of a proper and practical funding and assistance system.


Summary It was demonstrated by equilibrium dialysis that dog red cells have a greater ability to bind chlorpromazine than rat red cells. Dog plasma was shown to have a greater ability to bind chlorpromazine than rat plasma although this difference was not statistically significant. In the presence of CPZ (10- 3 M), the 50% hemolysis time of dog red cells suspended in homologous plasma or in 0.9% buffered NaCl solution was much greater than that of rat red cells treated in the same manner. The 50% hemolysis time of dog red cells suspended in homologous plasma was considerably shortened when they were suspended in rat plasma. Conversely, an increase in the 50% hemolysis time was obtained when rat red cells were suspended in dog plasma. Several possibilities for the slower rate of CPZ-induced hemolysis of dog red cells as compared to rat has been discussed in the present report. This research was supported by a grant from Academic Senate Research Division at University of California, Davis. We wish to thank Mr. Richard Kartt and Ms. Kayleen Kott for their technical help.


Composting means the biological decomposition of organic matter under controlled conditions. It indicates that the process is managed or optimized to achieve desired objectives. One of these major objectives is to potentially decompose the International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 10 (2016) pp. 1084-1096 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Sensory evaluation, total bacterial count, TVB-N value and pH were used as the freshness index to evaluate the quality change of catfish meat treated with ozone water during storage. Results indicated that ozone water at the concentration of 5 mg/L and 7 mg/L could effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria, the rise of TVB-N value and pH, the decrease of L value and a value as well as the increase of b value in catfish meat. Therefore, the ozone water treatment can maintain better sensory quality of catfish meat, especially the ozone water treatment at the concentration of 5 mg/L.


Volume 65, 2009 Editorials 1, 177, 349, 585 Sponsorship 2, 178, 350, 586 Main Articles Emerging boundaries for poultry production: challenges, dangers and opportunities J. Hodges 5 The potential of cassava products in diets for poultry N. Chauynarong, A.V. Elangovan and P.A. Iji 23 Roles of important candidate genes on broiler meat quality V.K. Saxena, A.K. Sachdev, R. Gopal and A.B. Pramod 37 Use of bitter vetch (vicia ervilia) as a feed ingredient for poultry Gh. Sadeghi, L. Mohammadi, S.A. Ibrahim and K.J. Gruber 51 Consumer perception of poultry meat and the importance of country of origin in a purchase making process T. Vukasovič 65 Influence of fermentable carbohydrates on the intestinal bacteria and enteropathogens in broilers H. Rehman, W. Vahjen, A. Kohl-Parisini, A. Ijaz and J. Zentek 75 The financial impacts of the avian influenza outbreaks on Turkish table egg producers S. Sariozkan, C. Yalcin, Y. Cevger, Y. Aral and C. Sipahi 91 Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broiler chickens: a review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to infeed antibiotics Y. Yang, P.A. Iji and M. Choct 97 Village poultry: still important to millions, eight thousand years after domestication R.G. Alders and R.A.E. Pym 181, 191 Structural changes in the poultry sector: will there be smallholder poultry development in 2030? A. McLeod, O. Thieme and S.D. Mack 191 Some technical and socioeconomic factors affecting productivity and profitability of smallholder family poultry E.B. Sonaiya 201 Factors limiting production efficiency and profitability from smallholder poultry production J.G. Bell 207 Progress towards practical options for improving biosecurity of small-scale poultry producers E. Guerne Bleich, P. Pagani and N. Honhold 211 The use of poultry value chain mapping in developing HPAI control programmes A. McLeod, M. Kobayashi, J. Gilman, A. Siagian and M. Young 217 Pro-active engagement in compensation and rehabilitation policy formulation and implementation: the case of HPAI in Egypt L. Albrechtsen, M. Saade, A. Riviere and J. Rushton 225


Anti-idiotypic antibody is a kind of special antibody activated by antigenic determinant of antibodys variable region. The anti-idiotypic antibody Ab 2β has been applied to a number of domains of biological research such as vaccine development, tumor immunity,transplantation tolerance,autoimmune diseases and food safety, because it is the internal image of initial antigen in the body and can simulate the initial antigen.The recent advances in the research of anti-idiotypic antibody were introduced.


Abstract : The effect of microstructure on the susceptibility of a high purity Al-6.8% Zn-2.3% Mg alloy to stress-corrosion cracking in an aqueous salt solution (3.5 wt % NaCl) was studied. The results of testing a series of specimens having controlled microstructures and the same yield strength of 40, 000 psi indicate that the susceptibility to stress-corrosion is controlled by the type, size, and spacing of the matrix precipitate through the effect of these precipitates on the deformation process. Although the width of the precipitate free zone appears to have no effect on susceptibility, the grain boundary precipitate seems to influence susceptibility in certain cases. Supporting evidence for these observations was obtained by light and electron microscopic examinations of deformed specimens and by fractographic studies. A model is proposed which explains many experimental observations.


Case Scenerio: A 26-year-old patient presents to the dermatology clinic with severe nodulocystic scarring acne. The patient identifies as a transgender male and notes that he has been receiving hormone replacement therapy for the past 4 years with weekly intramuscular testosterone injections.


This substance is very much a material for the new millennium, since its new manifestation as a high-temperature superconductor can be dated precisely from the seminal 2001 Nature paper (1st March, p63), Superconductivity at 39K in Magnesium Diboride, by J. Nagamatsu, N. Nakagawa, T. Muranaka, Y. Zenitani and J. Akimitsu of the Physics Department of Aoyama-Gakuin University, Tokyo. Until then, it had been seen and used only as a rather nondescript ceramic/abrasive. The current volume is intended to show the full breadth of work which has been done in the relatively short period since its 're-discovery'. This serves to reveal not only what has been discovered, especially concerning its conductive and quantum mechanical aspects, but also some troubling lacunae, such as the relative dearth of data on its defect and diffusion aspects; knowledge of which - experience has shown - is usually essential for the efficient 'fine-tuning' and tailoring of a material's properties. This volume will serve as a handy vade mecum for anyone who is interested in researching or exploiting this exciting 'new' compound.


Traffic management in the Hannover Region plays an important role during events such as the worlds largest exhibition CeBIT, the EXPO 2000 or the FIFA Football World Cup. Instead of large and extremely expensive infrastructure measures for these special occasions, a large variety of management systems and a multi-modal management center guarantees excellent mobility for all users. One of the cornerstones of these systems is the tidal flow system on the fair expressway, where every morning and evening the incoming and outgoing traffic can use double capacity using also the opposite lanes. In a semi-automatic system with over 1.000 single dynamic parts, hydraulic beacons, automatic barriers and video support a 16 km long area can be switched within 20 minutes - and with only 6 responsible persons acting in the center and on the site. For the covering abstract see ITRD E134653.


Using surface display on filamentous phage, large libraries of ligands can be screened on binding a target protein. Most widely used are random peptide libraries in which peptides are displayed as a fusion protein with the minor coat protein pill (1). Binding phages are selected by 'panning' the library with the target protein bound to a solid support (2). After several rounds of selection a pool of phage, potentially enriched in binding the target, is obtained. Clones are- randomly selected and peptides can be identified by DNA sequencing. These peptides are then synthesized and subsequent binding studies are required to confirm the usefulness of the selected sequences. Here we present a new method to determine binding of individual phage clones using whole phage. This interaction is measured with Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) (3, 4). This method rapidly confirms the binding properties of selected phage clones thereby avoiding unnecessary sequencing and peptide synthesis. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) A16, which interacts with residues 9 to 19 of glycoprotein D (gD) of herpes simplex virus type 1 was used as a target for selection of a peptide ligand. A 15 amino acid residue peptide library in bacteriophage M13 (5) was used to select. antibody binding peptides by three rounds of selection (6). A 'mimotope' peptide containing the amino acid sequence H-FFHNGRFSDALRFTL-OH which shares the motif DXXRF with amino acid 13 to 17 of gD was identified by DNA sequencing. It was shown to bind the antibody with a tenfold decrease in binding constant as compared to peptide 9-19 of gD (7) as measured with BIAcore (Pharmacia Biosensors, Uppsala, Sweden).


types by providing cell adhesion sites and mimicking the natural extracellular matrix. Synthetic hydrogels are the speciality of Cellendes GmbH, another TEDD member, which works closely with the ZHAW. It supports the testing of active substances as they are used in the pharmaceutical industry. Its hydrogels facilitate a more natural cell environment and can be used to cultivate cells within a precisely defined matrix. Today, assays are still based on systems where cells are grown in a monolayer, although many researchers confirm an improvement in proliferation, morphology, gene and protein expression levels when cells are grown in 3D. In order to simplify the adoption of 3D techniques in drug discovery, the researchers from the ZHAW, Cellendes and Tecan, who specialize in instruments and automated workflow solutions for laboratories, combined their complementary technologies in a TEDD project. Adopting a Freedom EVO liquid handling robot from Tecan as their platform, they succeeded in automating the production, maintenance and application of scaffold-based 3D tissues in a reproducible and reliable way. As the results prove, the approach produces results that are fully comparable to manually produced tissues. TEDD – Innovation Network for 3D Cell Cultivation


This thesis deals with the evaluation of the effect of the commercial prooxidant Addiflex HE (fa.OMYA) on the biological degradability of the termo oxidated HDPE a LDPE in the biotic atmosphere. The purpose of the second part of the graduation thesis was to analyse the optimal composition of just developing blends PCL/PVA/amyl from the aspect of its biological degradability in the biotic environment. Three types of blends were tested: PCL/S, PCL/PVA(13%)/S, PCL/PVA(23%)/S. Both types of the analysed samples have been tested by means of methods which were targeted on the observation of the biological degradability in aerobic water and soil environment. The main evaluative criteria were the oxigen consumption, the change in the material's stress-strain properties and the change of weight. The activated sludge from the muncipal sewage clarification plant and the wood-based soil were used as the biological material. It is obvious from the results, that HDPE and LDPE are inspite of the prooxidants catalysing PE termooxidation biologically indecomposable. The PCL based blends are biologically degradable. The best results in degradation process of the tested blends based on PCL were observed with the blend PCL/S, that is well degradable both in soil and aerobic water environment.


The field of Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology that attempts to use data and sensing networks to develop intelligent solutions to increase living standards. CO2 (carbon monoxide) emissions are a critical challenge, revealing health and environmental complications in the past decade. Machine Learning (ML) is another field that has shown emergence with computation power and community adaptability to build the learning capacity of computers. In this study, we take leverage the junction of these two fields to forecast CO2 emissions over a period to highlight the severity. We implement various machine learning models and a range of metrics to determine the optimal technique(s) for forecasting. A proof of concept will be discussed and data set from the Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) will be used for forecasting analysis with the python darts library. This model will be used to rise awareness for the CO2 emissions in the smart city for living standards.


Abstract The essential oils obtained by water distillation from the aerial parts of Helichrysum italicum G. Don subsp. microphyllum (Willd.) Nym. were analyzed by gC and gC/MS. Three different populations growing at different elevations and under different weather conditions were studied from their vegetative period to post-blooming time. Forty-eight constituents accounting for between 96.5% and 83.0% of total oils have been identified and quantified. Among the identified constituents those present in the highest percentage were neryl acetate (17.6–35.6%), nerol (3.7–14.4%) and eudesmen-5-en-11-ol (6.4–23.5%). Among them, the neryl acetal percentage decreased when 5-eudesmen-11-ol percentage increased, and limonene reached 7% relative composition. The main fraction of the oil consisted of oxygenated compounds present in higher concentrations in June.


Human exploration of space requires the ability to understand and mitigate risks to crews exposed to the conditions associated with such missions. This becomes a greater imperative as we prepare for interplanetary expeditions involving humans who will be subjected to long transit periods in microgravity as they travel to a distant planet such as Mars, embark and live on the planet's surface for an extended time, and finally, return to the 1 g environment of Earth. We need to know, more definitively, what the human health, safety, and performance risks are, and how to prevent or counteract them throughout all phases of a long duration mission. The Johnson Space Center's Space and Life Sciences Directorate along with the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) have been engaged in a strategic planning effort that identifies the most critical risks confronting humans who will venture forth on such missions and the types of research and technology efforts required to mitigate and otherwise reduce...


The present article aims to examine the impact of underwriter reputation on underpricing and long-run returns of small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) initial public offerings (IPOs) over a 12-m...


The combination of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) can achieve a lower error rate and/or enable highcapacity wireless communication systems by flexibly exploiting diversity gain and/or the spatial multiplexing gains. Such systems, however, rely upon the knowledge of propagation channels. In many mobile communication systems, transmission is impaired by both delay and Doppler spreads [1]-[7]. In such cases, explicit incorporation of the time-varying characteristics of mobile wireless channel is called for.


watches, and fax machines but not computers. This selective modernization allows the Wengers to survive by employing the fruits of progress while still maintaining a barrier between them and the modern world. Kraybill and Hurd organize their story in nine chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the Wenger community and its place in the larger Anabaptist world. The values, beliefs, and symbols of the Wenger culture are explored in chapter 2. Chapter 3 traces the historical roots of the Wenger community. The subject of chapter 4 is the social structure of the community. Chapter 5 describes the Wenger religious rituals. The basic passages from birth to death are the subjects of chapter 6 (for example, health, medicine, childhood, education, dating, courtship and marriage, entertainment, joining the church, and dying). Chapter 7 tells us how the Wengers earn a living. The Wenger society indeed rests on a foundation of frugal financial practices, especially farming. Farming to the Wengers is more than a business. It is a way of life, a calling and a culture that is being challenged by progressive modernization and urbanization. Chapter 9 focuses on the role of technology and social change. The Wengers are not Luddites. They move the cultural fences by accepting aspects of social change without tearing the barriers down. They employ technology so long as they can still maintain separation from mainstream culture. In the last chapter, Kraybill and Hurd examine the Wengers' relationship with other religious bodies and how they relate to a postmodern world. Horse-and-Buggy Mennonites is an excellent description of the Wenger culture, a subject not previously explored in any detail. Most outsiders lump all Old Order groups together. But the authors point out the differences between the Wengers and other Old Order Anabaptist bodies. The book is well researched and contains many useful tables and diagrams illustrating the Mennonite divisions and locations. The book has an obvious sociological approach and focuses on recent developments. Thus it lacks the historical perspective that some readers might desire.


Motor vehicle door lock, in particular for motor vehicles with central locking and theft protection device, with a motor / gearbox unit (1) for actuating the motor vehicle door lock, lock plate (2), the closing mechanism (3), the lock mechanism (4) and lock housing (5) of plastic, wherein - the lock housing (5) has a housing board (6) having a housing cover (7) and in the housing cover (7) injected electrical conductor (8), further comprising - from the housing cover (7), connection pins (9) of the conductor (8) are led out to its connection to a control electronics and / or an energy source, and wherein - having the housing cover (7) receiving formations (12), in which function and / or control switch (13) of the control electronics are used, which are arranged with components of at the housing board (6), the lock mechanism (4) interact, characterized in that - the housing cover (7) has a receiving pocket (10) for the engine / gearbox unit (1) wherein - the engine / gearbox unit (1) from the plastic material of the housing cover (7) protruding conductive elements (11) is in contact and connection with the aid of a plate-shaped component carrier (15) to form a structural unit ...


Darnley Bay occurs within the Amundsen Gulf and is located within the Inuvialuit settlement region of the Western Canadian Arctic. It is home to one of the largest gravity anomalies in the world. With a diameter of approximately 60 km and an amplitude exceeding 130 mGal, the source of the gravity anomaly is thought to be a large igneous intrusion. However, the depth and orientation of the postulated intrusive body remain a point of debate.


During the recent Jiang-Clinton summit, symbolism was used by the Chinese president to a certain extent, which gained the attention of the Clinton administration but was largely ignored by the American public. Facing two different audiences, domestic and foreign, the Chinese goals of the summit were more symbolic and strategic, while the American goals were more specific. This article examines in detail the gains and losses of both countries in the summit, and also analyzes the impact of the summit on Asian security and American domestic politics. It concludes with predictions for the Sino-U.S. relationship in the future.


More than100samples from Cambrian marine source rocks in Tarim basin have been analyzed for the data of the reflectance of primary organic materials,of which only78have been gained as effective data.According to the pre sent reflectance data,the Middle and Lower Cambrian source rocks of Tarim basin are in the high mature and over ma ture phase,no Cambrian source rocks still exist in the maturity phase of oil windows presently,the vitrinite re-flectance equivalent (VRE)of Cambrian source rocks in Tazhong uplift and Tabei uplift range from1.8%to3%,and higher than3%in Manjar sag,and higher than4%in the central area of Manjar sag.The relative low ma turity area of the Middle and Lower Cambrian source rocks are located in the high areas of Tazhong uplift and Taibei uplift,and limit-ed area of Bachu uplift,with VRE ranging from1.6%to2.0%.


Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common problem which causes anemia in patients worldwide. A number of health care workers (HCW) have anemia from annual check up. Objective: To find the prevalence and risk factors of IDA amongst the HCW with microcytic anemia in Udonthani hospital. Materials and methods: One hundred and thirty five (135) high risk female HCWs had repeated CBC, Hb typing and ferritin and answered the questionnaire. High risk HCW is defined as HCW who has Hb Results The total of 2,519 HCWs underwent annual check-up. Three hundred and ninty eight (398) HCWs were found to have anemia (Hb Conclusion Theprevalence of IDA in high risk HCW was high (60.74%). Heavy menstruation is a statistical significant factor. Empirical iron supplement without conducting a ferritin test can save a number of money especially when menstruation score is equal to 2. 1= Control of iron deficiency anemia in low- and middle-income countries. Blood. 2013 Apr 4;121(14):2607-17 Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


360-degree Virtual Reality (VR) videos have already taken up viewers' attention by storm. Despite the immense attractiveness and hype, VR conveys a loathsome side effect called "cybersickness" that often creates significant discomfort to the viewers. It is of great importance to evaluate the factors that induce cybersickness symptoms and its deterioration on the end user's Quality-of-Experience (QoE) when visualizing 360-degree videos in VR. This manuscript's intent is to subjectively investigate factors of high priority that affect a user's QoE in terms of perceptual quality, presence, and cybersickness. The content type (fast, medium, and slow), the effect of camera motion (fixed, horizontal, and vertical), and the number of moving targets (none, single, and multiple) in a video can be the factors that may affect the QoE. The significant effect of such factors on end-user QoE under various stalling events (none, single, and multiple) is evaluated in a subjective experiment. The results from subjective experiments show a notable impact of these factors on end-user QoE. Finally, to label the viewing safety concern in VR, we propose a neural network-based QoE prediction method that can predict the degree of cybersickness influenced by 360-degree videos under various stalling events in VR. The performance accuracy of the proposed method is then compared against well-known Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and existing QoE prediction models. The proposed method achieved a 90% prediction accuracy rate and performed well against existing models and other ML methods.


This study describes the change that career development has undergone. It has changedfrom being controlled by the organization, to being managed by the employee who canpursue different opportunities within the organization. For organizations, it is importantto work on retaining their employees to stay competitive in the market.The purpose of this study is to examine how organizations in Dalarnas County workwith career development to retain their employees. To answer this question, we gatheredprevious research on the subject, as well as conducted our own qualitative study. For ourstudy, we interviewed respondents from five different organizations in Dalarnas Countyto examine how organizations work with career development.Our results showed that organizations have strategies to motivate their employees inorder to retain them. They should continue to improve their strategies to becomestronger and stay competitive in the market.


Three pyridine dodecatungstophosphates with different size of cations are prepared by pyridine chloride and phosphotungstic acid,and the catalysts are charecterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy,TGA/DSC simultaneous thermal analysis,and elemental analysis.The results show that three catalysts all preserve the primary keggin structure,and are made as A3B.The catalytic activity for ammoximation and recyclability are investigated.Pyridine dodecatungstophosphate catalysts exhibites higher activity and recyclability in the cyclohexanone ammoximation reaction.


The path planning for UAVs in cluttered environments is one of the keys to ensuring flight missions. This paper considers a more radical strategy based on the informed rapidly exploring random tree star algorithm and presents an improved rapidly exploring random tree star algorithm. In the stage where the feasible path between the starting position and the target position is not searched, the random sampling range is reduced to a variable ellipse whose two focuses are the start and end positions, respectively. The ellipse's major axis depends on an adaptation factor that varies with the number of sample points. The improved rapidly exploring random tree star algorithm can sample in the ellipse at the initial stage of path planning to obtain a higher search efficiency and expand the search range when no feasible path is found for a long time. At the same time, the rapidly exploring random tree, rapidly exploring random tree star, and informed rapidly exploring random tree star algorithms are compared with the proposed improved rapidly exploring random tree star algorithm in simulation. The simulation results show that the improved rapidly exploring random tree star algorithm in this paper can achieve higher search efficiency.


For the binary classification of functional data, we propose the continuum centroid classifier (CCC), which is constructed by projecting the functional data onto one specific direction. This direction is obtained via bridging the regression and classification. Our technique is neither unsupervised nor fully supervised; instead, we control the extent of the supervision. Thanks to the intrinsic infinite dimension of functional data, one of the two subtypes of CCC enjoys an (asymptotic) zero misclassification rate. Our approach includes an effective algorithm that yields a consistent empirical classifier. Simulation studies demonstrate the competitive performance of the CCC in different scenarios. Finally, we apply the CCC to two real examples.


TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master's Degree Programme in Environmental and Energy Technology SÄLLINEN, VILLE: Superheater corrosion management in biofuel boilers Master of Science Thesis, 52 pages, 0 Appendix pages November 2013 Major: Power Plant Technology Examiner: Professor Risto Raiko


Studies on Liu Ling mainly focus on his words and deeds.This paper explores the metaphysics conception implied in his words and deeds,the meaning of Eulogy of Drinking Morals as well as its breakthrough to the traditional writing specification of eulogy.The change on Liu Ling from his specific words and deeds to the creation of Eulogy of Drinking Morals shows his pursuit for metaphysics and freedom,and his opposing,contemn and sarcastic of secular etiquette is the objective results of his practice,not his main purpose.


This demo shows an implementation of a computation-centric architecture over NDN. The system is able to perform in-network load balancing of incoming computation requests, reliably authenticate consumers and allow them to submit large payloads without routable prefixes. The system is able to migrate requested function in a form of unikernels where they are needed, follows ICN pull-based model and introduces only minimal changes to the NDN stack.


This article describes two simulations which, together, areintended to help students make the leap from writing programs in asimple high-level language to understanding how such programs cometo be translated and executed on a simple computer. The firstprogram simulates the compilation of an assignment statement from atypical programming language into a mock assembly language. Thesecond program simulates the fetch-execute cycle on a computerbuilt expressly to process that same assembly language. We describethe design and use of each simulator, and conclude with anecdotesabout our experiences using these tools in class.


The chapter argues that Machiavelli does not make the task of exhorting people to a political life easy, but that his work should be read as exhortatory, and the chapter attempts to follow suit. Returning to the books three central issues, it looks again at "conspiracy" through the cry of "I Can't Breathe" by those protesting a continuing wave of unaccountable killings of African Americans by the police; at "prophecy" by talking about the vein of apocalyptic (rather than Mosaic) prophecy favored by American conservatives, and its impact on policy; and the public policy planning thus far advocated for by the Trump administration regarding torture and refugees. The chapter closes by advocating closer attention to the alternative type of democratic vision that Machiavelli opaquely and uncannily models.


In the early 1990's more and more companies of the Swedish public sector were exposed to competition, and this started the debate on how such actions might affect the business and even society.The ...


Abstract : This paper examines the viability of an Asia-Pacific Rapid Reaction Force (APRRF), using existing regional structures. The catalyst for change is the recently released Brahimi Report which recommended to the United Nations that regions of the world establish rapid reaction forces, of several coherent brigade-size forces, in order to respond to regional emergencies. Regional organizations within the region may be able to develop a model for an APRRF. These include the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and its offshoot the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC). Within this framework the reasons an APRRF may or may not be warranted will be examined, as will the potential for Australia and the United States to join the force. The prism of recent operations in East Timor will be used to examine some challenges facing an APRRF, as well as opportunities the region now has to enable it to embrace change, and some structural issues will be examined. The paper concludes that a combination of ASEAN, the ARF, and APEC would be appropriate to provide support to an APRRF. Australia should seek to become involved in an APRRF, and could offer excellent organizational and doctrinal skills. The United States would probably not want to become a member of an APRRF, but could possibly support the concept financially.


VOWLAN,the convergence of VOIP and WLAN, realizes the data and voice in wired IP (Internet Protocol)[2] networks and wireless local area networks。A kind of embedded system is developed based on WLAN and VOIP in this paper, which contains the process of the VOWLAN terminal research and shows the communication of the procedure voice transmission through WLAN.In addition, This type of VOWLAN terminal is applied in the construct of wire and wireless networks.The communication of the terminal in the Ethernet with WLAN is also described.


Fukui Date C (2013) Within-and between-individ-ual variation in energy and nutrient intake in Japanese adults: effect of age and sex difference on group size and number of records required for adequate dietary assessment. J Epidemiol 23 : 178-86 . Summary : " Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese " [DRIs], published by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, is the only comprehensive guideline for diet and nutrition available in Japan. This review introduces the main points that it contains, with particular reference to the recent revision, and discusses the relationship between the DRIs and nutritional research, with a view to developing future versions. Although the revisions of the values in the DRIs have been minimal, some of the definitions and their usage have been revised and ex-plained in more detail. Issues related to how dietary intake standards are formulated on the basis of scientific reports are also covered, especially systematic reviews and meta-analyses of previous nutritional studies. The most important message seems to be that data from research on this field in Japan has not been sufficient in ei-ther quantity or quality for development of the DRIs, and there is a concern that this may hinder the development of new versions in the near future. It is hoped that researchers working in the field of food and nutrition will tackle this issue and respond positively to this statement. This article does not reflect the official opinion of the Japanese government.


Since the coming of the era of media, which makes the copyright protection is not only confined to the print media industry, the copyright protection of the network environment is also nots allow to ignore. This article we take WeChat——the representative of the Internet revolution in China as the breakthrough point, first of all, through the data to demonstrate WeChat copyright protection, For WeChat point and object, Copyrights protection ground, contents and relief has carried on the deep discussion and definition. Secondly, this paper discusses the WeChat manifestation of copyright infringement, determination and responsibility, and from WeChat characteristics, copyright belong to determination and tort compensation and cost problem three aspects proposed the WeChat copyright protection. Finally, from the legislation, the network service providers, WeChat public number, the copyright owner and the reader's rights and obligations set out to put forward to solve copyright dilemma path to explore. Need five parties together for build respect WeChat copyright, WeChat copyright protection atmosphere, for WeChat copyright of building green and healthy environment.


Indian patients suffering from leprosy, with skin phototype IV–VI. This included the entire spectrum of leprosy (tuberculoid, borderline tuberculoid, borderline lepromatous, lepromatous, and histoid), which was correlated with histopathological findings. Common dermatoscopic features consistently seen in all types of leprosy were yellowish-orange areas and vascular structures (e.g. linear branching vessels or crown vessels), correlating with the presence of dermal granulomas and dilated vessels. In hypopigmented patches, a broken pigment network and white chrysalis-like areas were observed. Tuberculoid spectrum also had absent or diminished hair follicles and eccrine duct openings correlating with peri-appendageal granuloma and appendageal destruction. In the type 1 reaction, scaling and follicular plugs were additionally seen, without additional features in the type 2 reaction. In a treated case, yellowish structureless areas were revealed, corresponding to residual dermal granulomas. However, vascular structures and an orange hue were absent, indicating resolved inflammation.


This work describes the relationship between stress and alcohol consumption during the period of social confinement established because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It starts from the premise that there is an increase in stress that encourages alcohol consumption among the18 to 55-year-old population. Social confinement constitutes an environment that contributes to raising stress levels, leading to post-traumatic stress disorder. This measure was applied to prevent the massive spread of the new virus, after the World Health Organization issued biosafety and disease control guidelines. A compilation of 47 academic articles published between March 2020 and November 2020 was carried out. The results show that from March to April there was an increase in alcohol consumption as a measure of self-medication to relax and calm down during this stressful situation, and that this was more prevalent among women and health personnel, whereas for the following months - May to June - alcohol consumption decreased.
Keywords: covid-19/ stress/ alcohol consumption/ social confinement/ mental health.


The main reflection proposed by the article is about the relation to the construction, from the 60s in Brazil, of the myth of the Own House, and the role of housing policies and the media in this construction. In this context, mainly the problematic of projects developed during the period known as BNH (National Housing Bank) will be discussed, begun in 1964. In contrast, alternatives will be presented in relation to the BNH model mainly uruguayan housing cooperatives -, and as well as alternatives to the Own House in the context of housing policies.


The near-ultraviolet fundamental optical absorption edge of sputter-deposited ZrO2–TiO2 nanolaminate films on SiO2 substrates was studied by transmission-reflection spectrophotometry. Seven different bilayer architectures were investigated, with nominal ZrO2 volume fractions ranging from 0.10 to 0.91 (Zr atom fractions of 0.1–0.9). The absorption coefficient, α(E), was determined as a function of the incident photon energy, E, in the 3.5–5.8 eV range (350–215 nm wavelength). α(E) vs E curves show a systematic blueshift and a change in shape with an increase in the Zr atom fraction in a bilayer. Neither amalgamation nor persistence models can adequately explain the experimental results. The reason why is that an extensive and structurally complex mixed cation interfacial structure formed even during room temperature deposition. A model that takes into account contributions to α(E) from Ti–O–Ti and Zr–O–Zr linkages far from the interfaces between constituents and Ti–O–Zr linkages at these interfaces is succ...


Objective To observe the effect of Bailing on renal protection and expression of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) in the rat models with 5/6 nephrectomy,and to investigate the antifibrosis mechanism of Bailing. Methods Fifty SD aduh rats were used.8 of them were randomly assigned to sham operation group(group A),and others underwent 5/6 nephrectomy.According to serum creatinine (Scr) levels in 3 weeks after operation,the nephrectomized rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups(group B,C,D,E),The rats in group B were operated and untreated.Group C received Cordyceps sinensi (2.0 g·kg-1·d-1) for treatment.Group D,E received different doses of Bailing(2.0 g·kg-1·d-1,3.0 g·kg-1·d-1 respectively) for treatment.When 4 weeks meter the operation,group C,D,E were intragastrically perfused with drugs for one month respectively.At the end of the experiment,Scr,BUN,renal histopathology were detected and immunohistoehemistry was performed to examine the CTGF,alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA),ceil keratinl8(CK-18).Results In group B,the Scr,BUN,renal pathological lesion and the expression of CTGF,α-SMA were obviously higherthan those in group A(P<0.01),while in group C,D,E,these index were significantly improved as compared to group B(P<0.05).Conclusion Bailing can improve fibrosis and protect the remnant kidney function.The mechanism of Bailing in delaying chronic renal failure may be related to the down-regulated expression of CTGF in the remnant kidney.

Key words:
Bailing;  Cordyceps sinensis;  Connective tissue growth factor;  Chronic renal failure


In this research, we employ spike-based PID controller for Quadcopter control. Quadcopters control their attitude by proportionalintegralderivative (PID) controller for four rotors. General hardware controllers use fixed point computations for PID that consume hardware resources. On the other hand, spikebased PID controller can reduce hardware cost compared with using fixed-point ones. For feasibility tests, we implemented (1) spike-based hardware PID controller for quadcopter attitude control, and (2) an analog-digital mixed simulator for single axis quadcopter model using SystemC-AMS. As a result, we reduced FPG


Objectives/Hypothesis: The main objective was to demonstrate that human papillomavirus (HPV) type 11 is an aggressive virus that plays a significant role in the development of laryngeal cancer in patients with a history of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). We have done so by preliminary investigation into the molecular mechanism underlying the malignant transformation of RRP to invasive squamous cell carcinoma.


Aim:To prepare lovastatin and niacin sustained-release tablets containing niacin 500,750 and 1 000 mg,respectively,and to investigate the tablets′ release characteristics.Methods:The release of niacin was determined by the UV method.Effects of HPMC with different viscosity grades on niacin release was investigated.Orthogonal design of two factors and three levels were used to calculate the theoretical amounts of HPMC in different doses of tablets using ANOVA and the stepwise regression analysis.To determine the niacin release of three dose tablets.The release actions of tested tablets were compared with the samples abroad through the similar factor method.Results:HPMC K15 MCR was chosen to prepare the tablet core.The theoretical amounts of HPMC in different doses of tablets were close to the actual amounts.The niacin release pattern was in accordance with the zero-order equation.The release characteristics of tested tablets were similar to those of the samples abroad.Conclusion:The tested tablets has remarkable sustained-release property and is easy to prepare.


ABSTRACT The UK's HE system is mired in public debate around 'grade inflation', and there is substantial pressure to address the perceived devaluation of degrees through blunt policy measures such as modifying classification algorithms. Policy-makers should be aware of the impact of their actions upon students' learning; this article frames some of the neglected pedagogical arguments in concise syllogistic forms, focusing particularly on the issues around weighting the first year of a traditional UK bachelor's degree classification algorithm.


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The peppered moth represents one of the most iconic examples of natural selection in action. The popular account of its evolution is both simple and intuitive. Nineteenth century industrialization in Britain dramatically altered the landscape. Pale lichen covering tree branches


Aim: This poster reports the views of parents of young people with intellectual disabilities in their last year at school about personal, family, school and employment
service factors that influence their vocational decisions. Method: A sample was drawn of 87 young people leaving school in 2005 and experiencing different approaches to transition to employment. Detailed qualitative interviews with a parent gained their views on the impact of school and service inputs on family decisions on next career steps. A sub-sample of 32 cases provided further detail
on the impact on transition decisions of the characteristics of the young person, family structure, experience of school and resources. Results: The most common
next step decision is for a college place. Careers advice favoured a college exit route for these school leavers. Many parents were still unaware of the options available after school. The decision for employment by families was
linked to significant work experience inputs while at school, family employment views and status, and young person's motivation. Fear of losing stable welfare
benefit income affected some. Conclusion: Changes are needed in the way government conceptualises vocational development for this group. How we inform young people/families over next career steps must take account of family background and experiences.


2 Synesthesia – the mental mixture of real and illusory sensory experiences – is incredibly fascinating to read or hear about but frustratingly complex to study. Those of us who are not synesthetes are spellbound by the accounts of those who are, but at the same time we are mystified by why these mixtures would occur. As the chapters in this volume document, scientific investigation of synesthesia has rapidly developed into an area of great interest and debate within cognitive neuroscience, and our group at Vanderbilt is among those seeking to understand this fascinating phenomenon. In our work, we have focused on color-graphemic synesthesia: the perception of color when viewing achromatic alphanumeric characters (in this chapter, we use the term " achromatic " to refer to figures printed in black ink against a white background). Judging from the existing literature on synesthesia, as well as from the tremendous volume of unsolicited, anecdotal accounts we have received from synesthetes, color-graphemic synesthesia appears to be the most common form of the condition. Certainly this variety of synesthesia provides for some of the most memorable and amusing accounts. Thus, for example, one individual who sees digits vividly colored volunteered to us that she performed arithmetic using her colors and was surprised upon first learning that others did not: " I thought everyone did math with colors – that yellow plus yellow was red for everyone. " Another individual complained that she often confused appointments scheduled for Tuesday or for Thursday, because both days are " red. " Still another confessed to an unfounded dislike of the city of Houston " just because the word was a ugly shade of brown " and another acknowledged that " my husband knows that I couldn't have married him if his name had been the 'wrong' color for me … we are, color-wise, perfectly compatible. " These and the many other transcriptions we have compiled from synesthetic volunteers lead us to accept that their graphemic colors are vivid and, in some sense, real. 3 The great challenge in learning about synesthesia, of course, is to develop objective experimental strategies for going beyond these colorful verbal accounts. To be honest, our interest in synesthesia grew entirely out of the fortuitous identification of a few individuals within our academic community who experience color-graphemic synesthesia. While none in our research group was expert in color vision, we were all intrigued …


Although the essential principles of turbo-alternator construction have changed little in the past twenty years, increased knowledge of materials and methods has effected a steady improvement in design. This development is outlined in the following summary


We show that sub-skin depth nanoscale barriers separating two vertically aligned slot antennas can strongly modulate their resonance features. Our findings have fundamental implications for the sensitive nano-particle detections using long wavelength light.


Background: Gestational diabetes is known as one of the diseases through pregnancy. In the present study, changes in proteinuria after atorvastatin administration among patients with history of gestational diabetes were studied. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 42 patients were included in the study. Atorvastatin was administered for 21 patients, and 21 patients were designated as control group. Lipid profile, protein, and 24 h urine creatinine (uCr) levels were determined in the beginning and 3 months after intervention. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Lipid profile in intervention group was enhanced; low-density lipoprotein (LDL) had decreased while triglyceride had not changed and high-density lipoprotein had been increased. There was no statistically significant change in serum Cr, serum urea, estimated glomerular filtration rate, uCr, urine volume, 24-h urine protein level, or urine protein/Cr ratio on both groups during the study; also, there was no statistically significant difference between groups. Conclusions: Although LDL level decreased after atorvastatin therapy, atorvastatin therapy had no effect on the level of proteinuria or other parameters related to kidney function.


In summer 2007, leaves and fruits from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. Santa with symptoms of virus-like disease were received for diagnosis from glasshouse crops in Western France. Samples tested negative by ELISA for common tomato viral diseases: Cucumber mosaic virus, Tobacco mosaic virus, Tomato spotted wilt virus, viruses in the Potyvirus group, Pepino mosaic virus and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Affected plants displayed viroid-like symptoms including severe leaf yellowing or reddening, in addition to distortion and stunting. To determine whether the symptoms were caused by a viroid infection, samples were first tested for Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) and the Pospiviroid group by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The 'semi-specific' PSTVd-h ⁄ c primers (Shamloul et al., 1997), the universal Vir 1 ⁄ 2 (Mumford et al., 2000) and the Vid-FW ⁄ RE (Verhoeven et al., 2004) primer sets were used. All tests gave negative results, even with the last primer sets, initially designed to detect CLVd isolates. Since Columnea latent viroid (CLVd) is the only viroid not detected by the universal Vir 1 ⁄ 2 primers, a specific test based on primers pCLV4 ⁄ pCLVR4 was conducted (Spieker, 1996) and a product of the predicted size ( 370 bp) was obtained. BLAST analysis of the sequenced amplicons (GenBank Accession Nos. FM995506 and FM995507) revealed that the highest identity (99AE1% similarity) was with a CLVd isolate recently identified in tomato in England (Accession No. FJ394070, Nixon et al., 2010). Infection by CLVd was confirmed by two methods: mechanical inoculation on to a tomato plant cv. Marmande followed by RT-PCR using the specific pCLV4 ⁄ pCLVR4 primers; or by a Scorpion real-time RT-PCR assay, followed by RT-PCR and sequencing using specific CLVd primers (J. Tomlinson & W. Monger, unpublished data, Accession Nos. FJ715462 and FJ715463). This is the first report of CLVd in tomato in France where the authorities have been duly informed. The origin of the infection is still unknown.


Abstract Purpose: To assess the level of innovativeness of modern enterprises and identify the supporting factors to implement the innovative processes. Methodology: Research using the Computer Assisted Web Interviews was conducted according to the guidelines of the research procedure of the creators of innovation audit, i.e. J. Tidd and J. Bessant. The electronic questionnaire was sent to selected 110 enterprises from the SME sector in December 2018. Findings: The innovation activities implemented by companies are highest rated the most by owners of small service firms belonging to the ICT sector. Definitely more actions are taken in terms of strategy and organization, and the least attention is paid to relationship. Limitations: The presented considerations based solely on the quantitative analysis of the part of the population of Polish business gazelles, which does not exhaust the discussed issues. The presented method is only a general outline of the current situation in each company based on the declarative indications of their owners regarding the use of innovation. Originality: Currently, the role of innovation is so significant that the economic environment considers it one of the key determinants for the development of enterprise competitiveness. The first part of the paper is devoted to the description of innovation concepts in the main interpretative areas. The second part presents the results of empirical research on the assessment of organization innovation level according to five separate areas among Polish Business Gazelles.


Based on the definition of connecting relative height(CRH),CRH is diverted and structural analyzed and design system MIDAS Building is used to analyze 8 models.With different CRH,dynamic characteristics of the structure are also compared to provide references for analysis and design of the structure.The results show that,changes of CRH have a great impact on both the lower mode and the natural period of asymmetric double-tower adjacent structure.The overall trend is that natural period decreases as CRH enlarges.


From the perspective of consumption,a survey study was conducted by taking the example of Shanghai families,aiming to investigate the features of consumption behaviour of extra-curricular educational program selection for primary school students from urban families and the differences concerning the key factors affecting the selection from different families before consumption,the selection of curricular types and numbers during consumption and the degree of satisfaction after consumption.Results show that expected result is rated at the top,the importance of which increases with the degree of mothers' being educated,while fee is least important.Knowledge course is the hottest and science course is the last.Almost 60% students select more than one course,and they select more courses as the increase of the degree of their mothers' education.After consumption,science course is the most satisfied to students and tutor course is the last;sports course is the most satisfied to parents and tutor course is the last.


Studies on carbides granulation in austenite(forged or reheated)of 45 steel through the technology of controlling cooling is carried out,and the refining or spheroidal structure of the spheroidal pearlite(Ps)is obtained.It is the new method of physical metallurgy about medium carbon steel abtaining the spheroidal pearlite(Ps)structure.


The latest Amnesty resource and activity for schools focuses on the history of protest songs and challenges students to create their own. Naomi Westland explains.


Twenty two haplotypes were generated from a pool of 60 unrelated Saudi β thalassemia major patients using previously described restriction sites in the β globin gene. Linkage disequilibrium analysis of the polymorphic sites was also conducted, a few identified haplotypes were novel while the remainder was previously reported, haplotype1222212 was the most frequent haplotype in the study group and a strong linkage disequilibrium between two polymorphic restriction sites in these β thalassemia patients was uncovered.


Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS)is one of the most damaging diseases in rain-affected wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops. Grain dormancy is the dominant mechanism to inhibit PHS in cereals, proposed dormancy mechanism has focused on the regulation of (germination) by both maternal (effect) and (embryonic) (sensitivity) to phytohormone abscisic acid. To better understand this issue,maternal (effect) on ABA (sensitivity) of wheat (embryo) during seed maturation was identified by reciprocal crossing between sprouting (susceptible) and resistant cultivars, the (germination) ability of physiological mature seed was also determined. The results indicated that during seed maturation, (embryonic) (germination) abilities among genotypes were (different). ABA (sensitivity) in developing wheat (embryos) of sprouting resistant cultivars was higher than that of (susceptible) cultivars. Embryonic ABA (sensitivity) was related to its (germination) ability, the higher the (embryo) (germination) ability was, the lower the Embryonic ABA (sensitivity) was. In mature seed, seed dormancy of F_1 generation was inclined to sprouting resistant parents. There were maternal (effect) on dormancy of mature seeds and (embryos), but no (effect) on ABA (sensitivity) in developing wheat embryos. Therefore, maternal (effect) on seed dormancy might be irrelative to embryonic sensitivity to ABA.


Abstract The basis for the quality control of commodity dimension stone blocks for mining industry is the study of fracturing. The identification of fracturing in rock masses is one of the most important aspects in rock mass modelling. Traditional methods for determination properties of fracturing are difficult and hazardous. This paper describes a new approach of fracturing identification, based on image and range data, which realized by image processing and special software. In this article describes a method using new computer algorithms that allow for automated identification and calculation of fracturing parameters. Different digital filters for image processing and mathematical dependences are analyzed. The digital imaging technique has the potential for being used in real time applications. The purpose of this paper is the accurate and fast mapping of fracturing in some walls of the Bukinsky gabbro deposit.


We review the particular characteristics of atopic dermatitis (AD) in adult life, and compare findings with those of AD in childhood. AD affects 1–3% of adults world‐wide, and can present as adult‐onset AD, or as infantile/childhood AD that persists, or recurs after many years. Eczema in adults usually exists for years, compromising quality of life, sex life and occupational choices. The flexural areas, shoulders, head‐and‐neck, and hands are typically affected. In elderly adults, eczematous erythroderma is common. The intrinsic (non‐IgE‐allergic) eczema subtype affects 5–15% of cases. Classical food allergy has a low importance, although non‐IgE‐mediated and pseudoallergic reactions can cause eczema. Sensitivity to aeroallergens, especially dust mite, is demonstrated in the majority of adult AD patients, including elderly adults, by immunoglobulin E‐mediated tests and/or atopy patch tests. Occupational allergic and irritant contact dermatitis is increased. In adults, as in children, Staphylococcus aureus colonization is very high, whereas adult skin is more heavily colonized with Malassezia yeasts. Immediate and delayed sensitization to Malassezia sympodialis is specific for intrinsic and extrinsic AD, occurring especially in head‐and‐neck eczema. Concerning therapy, older patients are prone to certain adverse drug effects. In conclusion, differences exist between childhood and adult disease. As we should be seeing more adults with AD in the future, there is a need for more clinical and immunological studies in older patients.


This chapter discusses the role of immunological processes in the control and development of cancer. It describes the changes occurring in the cancer cell, which makes it different from other cells. Cancer cells do not appear to be recognized immunologically by the body completely as part of self. The tumor cells loses some of the normal tissue specific antigens, and appears to gain new tumor specific antigens that are not previously present in the cells from which they are derived. The loss of normal tissue specific antigens appears to be associated with the functional differentiation that is associated with the neoplastic changes that occur within the cell. The cancer cell becomes biochemically different from the tissue from which it is derived. The chapter discusses the inborn defense mechanisms of the body against the uncontrolled proliferation of such cells. Once a tumor has already developed in the body, it develops a state of equilibrium with the immunological defense mechanisms directed against it. This state of equilibrium can be considered to be favorable to the tumor, or otherwise it would be eliminated completely.


Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) causes illness in both children and adults. Like other viruses, infection produces incomplete immunity and re-infection can occur at all ages. The aim of this research was to identify the incidence and clinical impact of HMPV infection over four consecutive winters in adults in both an inpatient and outpatient setting.

The authors used serum and respiratory secretions over a period of four winters from four prospective cohorts. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were …


The gain and loss measurements of the degrading double-heterostructure lasers were carried out in three different methods ; that is, the cavity loss variation method, thermal analysis, and the Fabry-Perot mode method. The results thus obtained were compared with one another. It was found that the variation in the net gain in the current and photon densities had to be taken into account for the analysis of Fabry-Perot mode measurement. Partial agreement was obtained among these three methods, and it was concluded that the disagreement is mainly due to the scattering loss of dark lines which could not be detected by the thermal detector.


There are many different ways for people to be educated and trained with regard to specific information and skills they need. These methods include classroom lectures with textbooks, computers, handheld devices, and other electronic appliances. The choice of learning innovation is dependent on an individual's access to various technologies and the infrastructure environment of a person's surrounding. In a rapidly changing society where there is a great deal of available information and knowledge, adopting and applying information at the right time and right place is needed to main efficiency in both school and business settings. Augmented Reality (AR) is one technology that dramatically shifts the location and timing of education and training. This literature review research describes Augmented Reality (AR), how it applies to education and training, and the potential impact on the future of education.


The recent explosion of "Big Data" has led to a rapidly expanding market for graduate degree holders with data analysis and modeling skills, not only in the private sector, but also in government organizations and non-profits. Many LBJ students are interested in options that allow them to acquire these new analytical skills at the LBJ School, in a format that will provide them with a clear pathway into these new jobs. The Dean's Certificate in Data Science and Policy Analysis is an exciting opportunity that assists our graduates in finding great employment opportunities after graduation.


The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the pressure effects on liquid and gas slugs in the plug flow regime. In this study the pressure in the closed-loop system was changed from 0.3 to 20MPa at a constant fluid temperature on horizontal flow. The point of disappearance of the liquid slug, mean lengths of gas and liquid slugs, and the frequency distributions of gas and liquid slug lengths were measured to investigate the characteristics of plug flow. The approximate experimental equation for the mean length of the gas slug and the point of disappearance of the liquid slug is presented.


Analysis of a series of diffraction data sets measured from four native as well as four nicotinic acid-soaked crystals of trypsin at 100 K shows a high variability in radiation-sensitivity among individual crystals for both nicotinic acid-soaked and native crystals. The level of radiation-sensitivity and the extent of its variability is statistically indistinguishable between the two conditions. This suggests that this potential scavenger does not have any statistically significant effect on the amount of radiation damage incurred in the crystals on X-ray irradiation. This is in contrast to previous results [Kauffmann et al. where only one crystal specimen was used for each condition (native and nicotinic acid-soaked).


Myasthenia gravis is rare. When it presents unusually, making a diagnosis is doubly difficult. We present an unusual case where an 'everyday' medication unfortunately precipitated a myasthenic crisis in an unsuspecting individual.


In this article the authors discloses the notion «an actual» and presents classifications of actuals. Also he demonstrates a comparative analysis of actuals of the Englishmen's traditional way of life by the example of John Galsworthy's novel «The Man of Property», being realized in such culturemas as «housing», «clothes». According to this analysis the author discovers that translating culturemas, reflected the actuals of the traditional way of life, the interpreter resorts to different ways of translation


A thesis submitted to the Department Of Community Health, Kwame Nkrumah University Of Science And Technology, Kumasi in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters Of Public Health (MPH) in Health Education And Promotion, 2014


Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitors are efficacious in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Despite having similar efficacy, in vitro studies have shown differences in JAK selectivity profiles for the small-molecule JAK inhibitors (JAKi) baricitinib (BARI), tofacitinib (TOFA), and upadacitinib (UPA).1For example, BARI and UPA are JAK1/JAK2 selective, while TOFA is JAK1/JAK3 selective, but each JAKi has some activity against other JAKs. As JAKs form signaling pairs, differences in selectivity could lead to distinct pharmacologic profiles that may impact clinical efficacy and safety.As a first step to understand the basis of potential differences at therapeutic doses, we compared the selectivity and potency of filgotinib (FIL) and its major metabolite (MET) to those of BARI, TOFA, and UPA in cytokine-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and whole blood (WB).PBMCs and WB from healthy donors were incubated in vitro with 8 doses of each JAKi, and levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription phosphorylation (pSTAT) were measured following cytokine stimulation. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were calculated in phenotypically sorted leukocyte populations by flow cytometry. Therapeutic dose relevance of the in vitro analyses was assessed using calculated mean concentration-time profiles from JAKi population pharmacokinetic data in RA subjects. For each JAKi, the time above IC50and average daily pSTAT inhibition were calculated for each cytokine/STAT pair in B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, monocytes, and/or NK cells.Cellular assays in PBMCs and WB showed dose-dependent inhibition of cytokine-induced pSTATs with all JAKi (correlation between the protein-adjusted IC50values from PBMCs and IC50values from WB, r2=0.98). Among the most potently inhibited pathways were JAK1/TYK2-dependent cytokine, interferon alpha (IFNα), and the JAK1/2-dependent cytokine, interleukin (IL)-6. FIL and MET had weaker potencies against JAK2/TYK2 (G-CSF/pSTAT3), JAK1/2 (IFNƴ/pSTAT1), and JAK2/2 (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF])-dependent pathways compared to JAK1/TYK2 (IFNα/pSTAT5). FIL and MET showed the greatest selectivity vs the JAK2/2 pathway (GM-CSF/pSTAT3) in monocytes.The mean concentration-time profiles and time above IC50over 24 hr for each cytokine/STAT pathway showed that JAK1/2 (IL-6/pSTAT1) and JAK1/TYK2 (IFNα/pSTAT1) pathways were strongly modulated with all tested JAKi. FIL (200 mg) showed similar activity in average target coverage and time above IC50to the approved low doses of TOFA (5 mg) and UPA (15 mg); conversely, FIL had reduced mean average inhibition and time above IC50levels against JAK1/2 (IFNƴ/pSTAT1), JAK1/3-dependent cytokines (IL-2, -4, and -15), JAK2/TYK2 (G-CSF/pSTAT3), and JAK2/2 (GM-CSF/pSTAT5)-dependent pathways compared to TOFA and UPA, and in certain cases to BARI (2 mg).Different JAKi modulate distinct cytokine pathways to varying degrees, and no agent potently and continuously inhibited an individual cytokine signaling pathway throughout the dosing interval. FIL (200 mg) showed a similar inhibition profile to TOFA, BARI, and UPA against the JAK1/TYK2- (IFNα/pSTAT1) or JAK1/2-dependent (IL-6/pSTAT1) responses, consistent with the role of these pathways in clinical efficacy.2However, FIL displayed a differentiated pharmacologic profile from the other JAKi, showing biologically reduced activity on the JAK1/2 (IFNγ)-, JAK1/3 (IL-2, -4 and -15)-, JAK2/TYK2 (G-CSF)-, and JAK2/2 (GM-CSF)-dependent pathways, which play important roles in hematopoiesis and immune function. These data suggest that FIL (200 mg) may have less impact on a subset of homeostatic immune functions signaling via JAK2 and JAK3 than those observed at the clinically approved doses of TOFA (5 mg and 10 mg), UPA (15 mg), and BARI (4 mg).[1]McInnes IB, et al. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019;21:183.[2]Banerjee S, et al. Drugs. 2017;77:521-546.Paqui Gonzalez-Traves Employee of: Gilead, Bernard Murray Employee of: Gilead, Federico Campigotto Employee of: Gilead, Amy Meng Shareholder of: Gilead Sciences, Employee of: Gilead, Julie A. Di Paolo Employee of: Gilead


The nickel oxide thin films were deposited on quartz substrate by radio-frequence magnetron sputtering method at room temperature,and the influence of sputtering power on the structural,optical and electrical properties of NiO thin film were mainly discussed.With the increasing of sputtering power,the NiO thin film with amorphous structure changed into crystalline one with(111) preferred orientation.It was also found that transmittance of NiO thin film in visible region is larger than that in ultraviolet(UV) region.With the increasing of sputtering power,the transmittance in both the visible region and the UV region decreased,the bandgap increased and the conductivity decreased.


Background and Design.- We retrospectively reviewed the records of 68 female patients who underwent either Pubovaginal Sling (PVS) or Modified Raz "Anterior Vaginal Wall Sling (AVWS) operations between December 1993 and March 1999, in order to determine the role and importance of endoscopic controls during transvaginal bladder neck suspension and sling operations for stress urinary incontinence. AVWS was performed in 22 and PVS in 46 patients. Endoscopic controls were performed before the sutures were tied over the rectus fascia. Bladder wall, bladder neck and the position of the balloon of the cystostomy catheter were examined and the ureters were catheterized in order to ensure that no ureteric injury occurred. Results. Bladder neck perforation was detected in 2 patients and repaired accordingly. In 2 patients ureteric entrapment by the sutures was detected and the sutures were replaced. In 1 patient the balloon of the cystostomy catheter was found outside the bladder and the catheter was reinserted. One patient, whose cystostomy catheter was not controlled during cystoscopy, developed severe suprapubic pain postoperatively, on reexamination it was found that the balloon of the cystostomy catheter was placed outside the bladder. Inadequate drainage of the bladder during the operation was responsible for the injury in one of the 2 patients who suffered bladder neck perforation. Concomitant cystocele repair was performed in both of the patients whose ureters were entrapped. Conclusion. Concomitant cystocele repair and inadequate bladder drainage are factors that increase the risk of intraoperative complications. Endoscopic control is mandatory in sling and transvaginal suspension operations for early recognition and appropriate repair of such complications. * Anahtar Kelimeler: Idrar inkontinansi, sling, mesane boynu suspansiyonu, endoskopi * Key Words: Urinary incontinence, sling, bladder neck suspension, endoscopy


To analyze the potential of the dual outer diameter screw and systematically evaluate the pull‐out force of the dual outer diameter screw compared to the uncemented and cemented standard pedicle screws with special regard to the pedicle diameter and the vertebra level.


Scour protection is a requirement of many offshore projects for foundations, pipelines and cables. Standard methods adopt a static protection where the top layer of armour is designed to resist hydraulic loading. The size of rock required to provide stability under storm waves and currents close to a structure is often predicted to be large and may be difficult to place accurately in large quantities. One solution to this problem is to consider using smaller rock where the performance is evaluated in terms of a damage parameter. Potentially this allows for dynamic reshaping of the scour protection whilst still providing a specified reduction in foundation scour depth and volume. The paper presents a new set of experiments examining the relationship between armour rock size, armour layer thickness and the resulting stability analysed in terms of Shields parameter. case-by-case basis with knowledge of the specific project details and considerations on safety factors. 2 METHODS A scour protection model was built at 1:50 scale to investigate scour protection performance around a monopile foundation in combined collinear wave and current conditions.


Previous research has proposed the Linked Column Frame (LCF) as a lateral load-resisting system capable of providing rapid return to occupancy for buildings impacted by moderate earthquake events and collapse prevention in very large events. The LCF consists of flexible moment frames (MF) and linked columns (LC), which are closely spaced dual columns interconnected with bolted links. The linked columns (LC) are designed to limit seismic forces and provide energy dissipation through yielding of the links, while preventing damage to the moment frame under certain earthquake hazard levels. The proposed design procedure ensures the links of the linked column yield at a significantly lower story drift than the beams of the moment frame, enabling design of this system for two distinct performance states: rapid repair, where only link damage occurs and quick link replacement is possible; and collapse prevention, where both the linked column and moment frame may be damaged. Here, the seismic performance factors for the LCF system, including the response modification factor, R, the system over-strength factor, Ω0, and the deflection amplification factor, Cd, are established following the procedures described in FEMA P695 [2009]. These parameters are necessary for inclusion of the system in the building code. This work describes the development of archetype structures, numerical models of the LCF systems, incremental dynamic analyses, and interpretation of the results. From the results, it is recommended that R, Ω0, and Cd values of 8, 3, and 5.5 be used for seismic design of the LCF system. A height limit of 35 m (115ft) is recommended at this time as taller LCFs are not considered in this study.


Three field experiments were carried out with the spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera annua Metzg.) cv. 'Star' to investigate the incidence, severity and harmfulness of Alternaria blight (Alternaria brassicae) and to test the possibility of reducing the disease pressure by fungicidal spray applications of 45% Sportak (a.i. prochloraz) 0.675 kg a.i. ha -1 and 25% Folicur (a.i. tebuconazole) 0.25 kg a.i. h -1 . The fungicides were applied at different times, i.e. after the first spots of Alternaria blight had appeared on the lower, middle and upper leaves or on siliques and at the end of spring oilseed rape flowering. Alternaria blight was present in crops of the spring oilseed rape cv. 'Star' in all the experimental years. The disease severity varied in individual years and was heavily dependent on the weather conditions (amount of precipitation and temperature). Of all the experimental years, the most conductive conditions to the spread and development of Alternaria blight on spring rape siliques occurred in 1998, when disease spots covered 18.65% of the surface area of siliques in the untreated plots. The tested fungicides had little effect on the disease incidence, however, prochloraz and tebuconazole applied on all dates declined the disease severity. The highest efficacy was recorded when the fungicides were applied after the first symptoms of Alternaria blight had been spotted on siliques. Tebuconazole suppressed the disease severity more effectively than prochloraz. In the year most favourable for Alternaria blight occurrence (1998), the seed yield in the untreated plots was by up to 0.07 t ha -1 lower, and the disease severity on siliques was as much as 3.2 times higher than in the fungicide-sprayed treatment. The highest average spring rape seed yield increase resulting from fungicidal spray applications during the period 1997-1999 amounted to 0.040 t ha -1 . Fungicides declined the content of Alternaria blight diseased seeds per silique, increased 1,000-seed weight, however, no significant effect of fungicides was identified on the number of siliques per plant and the number of seeds per siliqua.


Dual fuel engines (DFE) suffer from considerably high total hydrocarbon emissions and low thermal efficiency due to its poor combustion at low loads. Also, further improvement of thermal efficiency is needed at high loads. Therefore, in this study, the effect of double diesel fuel injection on the combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of DFE using town gas 13A (natural gas) was investigated in the experiments and injection strategy was developed. The experiments were conducted using a singlecylinder engine and with a common rail injection system, varying the number of fuel injection and injection timings. In lower loads, the combustion of natural gas was activated by the double injection and both THC emissions and thermal efficiency were improved. By advancing the second injection timing, CA50 was shifted toward the top dead center and hence the thermal efficiency was improved. On the other hand, at higher loads, although the thermal efficiency slightly improved by the double injection, NOx emissions increased. It was suggested that the injection interval of double injection was appropriately selected and the injection timing was retarded so that the NOx emission can be suppressed while keeping the thermal efficiency high.


Recent experiments at the Nevada Terawatt Facility at UNR show evidence of uniform compression of a deuterium plasma target compressed by a high-Z, Argon or Krypton gas-puffed liner. Pinch stability is improved by seeding the implosion with a 0.1-0.2 T axial magnetic field. Implosion dynamics and stagnation conditions are also studied computationally with the radiation-MHD code MACH2, using in itial conditions similar to those in the experiment. Simulations show that magnetic field diffuses through the outer shell and piles up at the interface providing narrow profile, high intensity current that Ohm-icly preheats the target. This secondary piston launches a shock wave in the target plasma that heats the several 100 eV. Finally, the preheated target is adiabatically compressed to stagnation. Simulations show: (a) more pronounced preheating with Kr than Ar, (b) the axial magnetic field is compressed only in the shocked target and in the liner plasma, providing greater magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor mitigation during run-in compared to the self-similar model. For typical Ar liner on D target experiments we measured neutron yield up to 2x 109 and for Kr liner, up to 9x 109.