Party membership decline has been a prevalent feature of Swedish political parties in the last decades. In this chapter I study to what extent this change in the size of Swedish party membership has been accompanied by a change in the representativeness of members. Using the longitudinal file of the national SOM surveys (1986-2016), all socio-demographic variables included in the analysis suggest that party members are different from non-members. More so, I find that in terms of education and income, party members are nowadays less representative of non-members than they used to be. On the other hand, the results also indicate that party members are becoming more representative of non-members in terms of political ideology. It means that party members might look increasingly different from non-members but may be thinking increasingly alike. P parties throughout Europe appear to be in a participatory crisis. Despite some noteworthy exceptions, the vast majority of parties has substantially been losing their members in the last decades (e.g. Kölln, 2016; Scarrow, 2015; van Biezen et al., 2012). According to officially reported membership figures provided by political parties in 27 European countries, about half of the countries lost 25 per cent or more of their members between 1960 and 2008 (Scarrow, 2015: 72). Sweden's parliamentary parties are generally no exception to this. In 1960, they reported a total of 1,124,917 members (Erlingsson et al., 2015: 172) and only 250,947 at the end of 2016 (Aftonbladet 03/03/20171). It means that, today, Sweden's parliamentary parties pull only about 22 per cent of the membership size that they used to at the beginning of the 1960s. The development is perhaps even more dramatic given the simultaneous population growth. At the same time, comparisons with the heydays of mass political participation might not be fair because party memberships were maybe unusually high and not the norm either during these times (Scarrow, 2015). Yet, even if we take that into consideration and do not infer a 'participatory crisis of parties', the sharp decline in party membership remains undisputed. The decline in membership size might have implications beyond the financing of party organisation, especially if we consider that parties and their members are intermediaries between ordinary citizens and the state.


Porous silicon (PS) layers were created with different etching conditions on boron doped silicon wafers. Morphologies of the PS layers and their surfaces were investigated with atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. Low current densities during anodization led to homogeneous layers, while high current densities resulted in strain induced mechanical instabilities. The strain leads to a peeling off of the layer for micro- or mesoporous silicon. In contrast, in macroporous films strain can be relieved laterally leading to the local formation of channels. Luminescence properties of the samples are investigated and related to the PS morphology.


The invention relates to a method for determining the ply angle direction and thickness of a laminated board composite material. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) establishing a laminated board composite material design model, converting discrete variable in the model into continuous variable, adding corresponding restraints and generating a plurality of particles according to a specific initialization scheme, wherein the coordinate value of each particle is a design scheme; (2) recording the initial coordinate value of each particle as an individual optimal scheme to further obtain a global optimal design scheme; (3) updating positions of the particles first by using a particle swarm design method, and carrying out different maximum-iterations mathematical programming designs according to different types of the particles; (4) obtaining a new potential design scheme of the laminated board composite material and updating the individual and global optimal design schemes; (5) judging whether convergence conditions are met, and if not, turning to the step (3); and (6) taking the ply thickness in the global optimal design scheme and the ply direction of the rounded laminated board composite material as a final design scheme of the laminated composite material.


Most of the research on sign language recognition concentrates on recognizing only manual signs (hand gestures and shapes), discarding a very important component: the non-manual signs (facial expressions and head/shoulder motion). We address the recognition of signs with both manual and non-manual components using a sequential belief-based fusion technique. The manual components, which carry information of primary importance, are utilized in the first stage. The second stage, which makes use of non-manual components, is only employed if there is hesitation in the decision of the first stage. We employ belief formalism both to model the hesitation and to determine the sign clusters within which the discrimination takes place in the second stage. We have implemented this technique in a sign tutor application. Our results on the eNTERFACE'06 ASL database show an improvement over the baseline system which uses parallel or feature fusion of manual and non-manual features: We achieve an accuracy of 81.6%.


The Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region has been hit by a crisis on multiple fronts. Countries in ECA are facing major, interrelated, external macro-financial shocks. The first is the global growth slowdown leading to falling export market demand. In addition, the prospects for inflows of remittances to low-income countries have been downgraded as economic activity in migrant host countries has declined. The second is the financial deleveraging by major banks and other financial institutions in developed economies, which has markedly reduced the availability, and increased the cost, of external finance across public, corporate, and financial sectors. The third is the recent commodity price changes, which have involved a reversal of much of the commodity price boom of 2007 and 2008. The main objective of the study is to understand the impact of these macroeconomic shocks on household well-being. In particular, it seeks to understand the key macroeconomic shocks confronted by the region and the impact of such shocks on household welfare, including the effect on household income flows, consumption levels, and liabilities. It will also assess possible strategies to cope with the crisis and manage the adverse social impact.


Abstract A dominating function for a graph is a function from its vertex set into the unit interval so that the sum of function values, taken over the closed neighbourhood of each vertex, is at least one. Although convex combinations of minimal dominating functions (MDFs) are themselves dominating, they are not always minimal. A universal MDF of a graph is a MDF g such that any convex combination of g with any other MDF of the graph, is minimal. This paper surveys recent results concerning convex combinations of MDFs and universal MDFs of trees. Two new theorems on the existence of certain types of MDFs of trees are established and a new class of trees without universal MDFs is presented.


Summary Conditions are given for the validity of multivariate Edgeworth expansions for a sequence of random variables. It is shown that by the use of a directional approach in the expansions of characteristic functions it is possible to sharpen the results to cover cases where the rate of convergence is different for different linear functions of the variables. Furthermore, this approach simplifies the proof by essentially reducing the problem to dimension one. Uniform expansions are established for densities, for point probabilities, for probabilities of Borel sets, and for probabilities of sets within certain uniformity classes. The conditions simplify if the variables have finite Laplace transforms in a neighbourhood of zero, and also if the statistics are sums of independent variables. The conditions are proved for sums of an infinite moving average process under weak conditions on the coefficients.


Although Mizaj (temperament) as a basic concept is introduced by ten criteria in Persian Medicine (PM), methods of assessment and priorities of these criteria are unclear. Having expert teams with an acceptable consensus in clinical diagnosis is one of the basic requirements to design and standardize Mizaj diagnostic scales. In this cross-sectional study, three PM specialists assessed the Mizaj of 150 healthy volunteers. At the first step of this study, each participant was separately visited by raters to determine warmness-coldness and wetness-dryness. To assess the agreement between experts, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), weighted kappa (wk) and Spearman correlation Coefficient (r) were calculated. At the second step in an expert panel discussion, agreed criteria in 10 criteria of Mizaj identification were extracted. ICC between expert was 0.62 (CI: 0.53-0.73) in warmness-coldness and 0.64 (CI: 0.56-0.72) in wetness-dryness. Wk and r between every two experts were in the range of 0.41-0.60 and 0.58-0.67, in warmness-coldness and in the range of 0.49-0.61 and 0.58-0.69 in dryness-wetness, respectively. In determining warmness-coldness of Mizaj, psychic function, impressibility speed, muscle and fat mass, physical functions and touch condition were mostly used. In addition, muscle and fat mass, touch and sleep condition were mostly used in regard with dryness-wetness aspect of Mizaj. The agreements between three experts seem acceptable. It can be concluded that the weights of 10 criteria for Mizaj assessment in PM are not equal. The aims of the future studies in this field can be weighing these criteria.


Since 1959 several workers (Bollum & Potter, 1959; Weissman, Smellie & Paul, 1960; Maley & Maley, 1960) have studied the changes in the amount of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of DNA in regenerating liver. Canellakis, Jaffe, Mantsavinos & Krakow (1959) have investigated similarly the enzymes concerned in the catabolism of thymine and of uracil during liver regeneration. The general conclusion is that with the increased rate of mitosis the activities of enzymes involved in DNA synthesis increase, and that the activities of those involved in DNA catabolism decrease. The increases in activities of thymidine kinase, deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase and deoxycytidine monophosphate deaminase can be delayed by giving doses of X-radiation, as low as 500 r., 6 hr. after partial hepatectomy (Bollum, Anderegg, McElya & Potter, 1960; Stevens & Stocken, 1962). A study of the differences in the enzyme patterns in dividing and resting liver may help to elucidate the factors controlling cell division. We have therefore extended the above observations by following the changes in the enzyme content of foetal and young rat liver with age. Foetal liver has a higher mitotic index than regenerating liver, but cell division isnotsynchronous andcannot therefore be used to show changes during the cell cycle. The enzymes examined in foetal and young rat liver were thymidine phosphorylase, uridine phosphorylase, dihydro-orotase and deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase. In regenerating liver, the activities of thymidine phosphorylase and uridine phosphorylase and the effect of X-radiation on the depression ofthymine catabolism afterpartialhepatectomy were studied. The change in the catabolism of thymine and of uracil in young and foetal liver with age has been reported by Stevens & Stocken (1960).


Ⅰ-Ⅱ mixed-mode fractures of material in practical engineering were considered.Using ANSYS software,the energy release rate was used as the fracture criterion to infer the propagation path of compound crack;regarding the plastic work dissipated ahead of the running crack as inner heat source,the crack tip temperature field was simulated by performing coupled thermal-mechanical finite element analysis.The influence of prefabricated crack angle on crack tip initiation plastic zone and crack initiation temperature was discussed.The finite element analysis results were compared with the experimental data recorded by an infrared thermograph,and a good match was obtained.


The purpose of this paper was to investigate students' views on models and modelling in science as well as the role that models play in learning, using a theoretical framework of models in learning. Students' views on models in science were investigated using a pencil‐and‐paper questionnaire given to 275 students from Grade 8 (13 years old) to first‐year university students, which enabled both forced choice and an open response. The results provided evidence, improving with increased years of schooling, that many students have a good understanding of the role of models in the process of science, appreciating the representational nature of models, the multiplicity of models and the changing nature of models. However, in contrast to previous studies, many students were also aware of the role of models in their learning of science. While some students had a fascination for true facts and single and correct models, others exhibited more sophisticated epistemologies of science. Mostly students' comments revealed developing understandings of the process of science. Scientific models were associated with students' understanding of the role of scientific models in the process of science and teaching models were more commonly associated with students' understanding of the role of models in the process of learning.


In the past two years, scientific advancements have developed since the Coronavirus Disease of 2019. The Indonesian government has been forced to implement online learning activities led to several difficulties and hindered optimal learning experiences. This study aimed to analyze and describe the students' low, moderate, and high mathematical communication skills on Number Patterns for Eighth graders of SMP Negeri 48 Surabaya, Academic Year 2022-2023. This study used descriptive qualitative research design. The data were collected using testing, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that students with high mathematical communication skills were able to demonstrate all indicators effectively. Students with moderate mathematical communication skills have achieved indicators related to expressing their understanding through mathematical concepts and graphical representations, but struggled to meet the indicator for creating mathematical models based on given problems. Students with low mathematical communication skills were able achieve indicators related to expressing their understanding through mathematical concepts, but failed to meet the indicators for expressing their understanding through graphical representations and creating mathematical models based on given problems. Based on the research findings, the authors suggest using an interactive learning model to improve students' mathematical communication skills, both written and oral. This model should actively involve students and address any knowledge gaps resulting from online learning.


The article is devoted to the classification of the Kalmyk folk songs. The author gives history of studying of classification of song folklore of Kalmyks, and also on the basis of the analysis of three hundred texts songs gives the classification. The analysis of three hundred Kalmyk song texts showed that all the songs on the social function can be divided into two major groups: ritual and neobryadovye. Under the ceremonial songs should be understood, had magical significance, or songs sung during the ceremony and describe its content. Property characteristics ritual poetry, review cycles and types of songs calendar and family rites given in the "Calendar rites" and "Family rituals." Neobryadovye songs sung performance of ritual is the situation, have entertaining or edifying character. These we include historical, labor, lyrical and others.


Carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) is one of the most important greenhouse gases. In the period between 1980 and 1998, CO{sub 2} emissions increased more than 21% and projections suggest that the emissions will continue to increase globally by 2.2% between 2000 and 2020 and 3.3% in the developed countries. The sequestration of CO{sub 2} in deep unminable coal beds is one of the more promising of several methods of geological sequestration that are currently being investigated. CO{sub 2} can adsorb onto coal, and there are several studies demonstrating that CO{sub 2} dissolves in coals and swells them. At very low pressures (P {lt} 1 bar), CO{sub 2} dissolution does not seem to be a problem; however, high pressures are necessary for CO{sub 2} sequestration (P {gt} 50 bar). In this study, we evaluated the kinetics and equilibrium of sorption of CO{sub 2} on Brazilian coals at low pressures. The adsorption equilibrium isotherm at room temperature (30{sup o}C) was measured through the static method. The results showed that the Freundlich model or the Langmuir model is suitable to describe the equilibrium experimental results. The CO{sub 2} adsorption capacity of Brazilian coals are in the range of 0.089-0.186 mmol CO{sub 2}/g, whichmore » are typical values for coals with high ash content. The dynamics of adsorption in a fixed-bed column that contains granular coal (particle sizes of 0.8, 2.4, and 4.8 mm) showed that the adsorption rate is fast and a mathematical model was developed to describe the CO{sub 2} dynamics of the adsorption in a fixed-bed column. The linear driving force (LDF) was used to describe the rate of adsorption and the mass-transfer constants of the LDF model (K{sub s}) are in the range of 1.0-2.0 min{sup -1}. 29 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.« less


In this article, we proposed new Pythagorean trapezoidal uncertain linguistic fuzzy aggregation information—namely, the Pythagorean trapezoidal uncertain linguistic fuzzy Einstein weighted averaging (PTULFEWA) operator, the Pythagorean trapezoidal uncertain linguistic fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted averaging (PTULFEOWA) operator, and the Pythagorean trapezoidal uncertain linguistic fuzzy Einstein hybrid weighted averaging (PTULFEHWA) operator—using the Einstein operational laws. We studied some important properties of the suggested aggregation operators and showed that the PTULFEHWA is more general than the other proposed operators, which simplifies these aggregation operators. Furthermore, we presented a multiple attribute group decision making (MADM) process for the proposed aggregation operators under the Pythagorean trapezoidal uncertain linguistic fuzzy (PTULF) environment. A numerical example was constructed to determine the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed approach. Lastly, a comparative analysis was performed of the presented approach with existing approaches to show that the proposed method is consistent and provides more information that may be useful for complex problems in the decision-making process.


Menopause is known as the end of menstruation or menstrual period, and is often considered a scourge in the lives of women. Most women begin to experience symptoms of menopause at over 40s and reached its peak at the age of 50 years. According to the calculations of scientists in 2030 estimated the number of women in the world who entered menopause will reach 1.2 billion people. That means a total of 1.2 billion women will enter the age of over 50 years, and that figure is triple the 1990 census figures on the number of postmenopausal women (Siswono 2001). Objective: To obtain Nutrients consumed To determine the relationship of women and nutrients consumed by women of the age of menopause. Research Methods Quantitative Analytic research with this type of design Analytical Cross Sectional Study, the data retrieval is done Sampling saturated, which amounted to 359 people. Results: The results of the univariate analysis of independent variables with a nominal scale and ordinal shown obtained the consumption of staple foods daily containing carbohydrates as many as 98 people (98%) and Non Carbohydrates 2 (2%), Distribution of respondents vegetable consumption was 98 ( 98%), no consumption of vegetables by 2 people (2%), Distribution of respondents who consume Lauk-Pauk animal protein 34 (34%), and the consumption of protein Vegetable 66 people (66%), distribution of consumption Food additives as many as 87 people (87%) and no consumption of 13 people (13%), distribution of beverages in the healthy beverage consumption of 100 (100%) and drink unhealthy 0%. Analisisi resume bivariate results for the dependent and independent variables with the scale ratio as follows: all of the variables associated with menopause with the strength of the relationship was between the range of 0.344 to 0.400 and all significant variables with P values <0.05. Conclusion The average age of menopause in 100 postmenopausal women in the IHC-IHC Elderly Rokan Hulu in 2013 ie 48.06 causal tahun. Variabel related to the age of menopause is variable carbohydrate consumption of staple foods, consumption of vegetables, side dishes Consumption -pauk animal and vegetable, fruit consumption, the consumption of extra food and healthy beverage consumption.


Objective—High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a heterogeneous lipoprotein class and there is no consensus on the value of HDL subspecies in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk assessment. We tested the hypothesis whether specific HDL subpopulations are significantly associated with CHD-prevalence. Methods and Results—ApoA-I concentrations (mg/dL) in HDL subpopulations were quantitatively determined by native 2d gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and image analysis in male participants in the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS). CHD cases (n=169) had higher pre&bgr;-1 and &agr;-3 particle and lower &agr;-1, pre&agr;-3, and pre&agr;-1 particle levels than either all (n=1277) or HDL cholesterol-matched (n=358) controls. &agr;-1 and pre&agr;-3 levels had an inverse association, whereas &agr;-3 and pre&agr;-1 particle levels had a positive association with CHD prevalence after adjusting the data for established CHD risk factors. Standardized logit coefficients indicated that &agr;-1 HDL was most significantly associated with CHD prevalence. Moreover, each mg/dL increase in &agr;-1 particle level decreased odds of CHD by 26% (P<0.0001), whereas each mg/dL increase in HDL cholesterol decreased odds of CHD by 2% in a model including all established CHD risk factors. Conclusions—Specific HDL subpopulations were positively correlated, whereas others were inversely correlated with CHD prevalence in male subject in the FOS, indicating that the various HDL particles might have different roles in the cause of CHD.


This study makes an attempt to argue for so-called Kantist Linguistics as a 21C new promising alternative to the earlier 20C linguistic theories such as Structuralism, Generativism, and recent Minimalism. For the construction of Kantist Linguistics, I adopt Kant"s epistemology as the philosophical basis of the new linguistic study and convert its epistemological system into the generation system of human languages suggested in Kim(2010a). As a result of this study, it comes to light that Kantist Linguistics is the most effective system among current linguistics including Chomsky"s(2001, 2004, 2005a, 2005b, 2006) "strong minimalist thesis" from the theoretical and philosophical perspectives of linguistic studies. Nevertheless, Kantist Linguistics is estimated to be just a beginning project which leaves much more issues to further linguistic and philosophical studies.


This paper firstly introduces several common coal mine underground positioning system and its features,and to the wireless sensor network technology overviews,and on this basis based on wireless sensor network miners positioning system design and implementation.


How recent? The remarkably comprehensive and accurate Newton handbook which Derek Gjertsen published in 1986 saves me the need to go back more than three years, nor will I here for the most part. The periodical literature on Newton the man and his intellectual achievement of course grows apace, mostly in journals which are taken only by the largest or most specialized libraries. I can only urge anyone who wishes to keep up with this flood of paper (much of it decidedly ephemeral) continually to glance through the several general bibliographies of the history of science that appear annually or more often. First, a more generous word about Gjertsen's Handbook. This really is one of those rarities: a genuinely informative vade-mecum which (do I let the secret out?) even those solidly established scholars who are given potted biographies inside keep to hand along with their well-worn Concise s and other trusty reference books. May I (who know something of this) state that here is the puree of what must have been thousands of hours spent in patiently compiling and assiduously checking the clear and readable summaries which he gives of hundreds of widely differing sources. Let me suppress the perfectionism in me which quite heartlessly scorns the few minimissimal errors I have so far found in Gjertsen's book, and simply commend it to all who wish to broaden their familiarity with the complex skein of what the best Newtonian scholarship has so far (foolish he or she who ever ignores the like of Edelston....) brought to light and furbished.


Duloxetine (DLX) is a dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of major depressive disorder, mainly metabolized by CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 in human. Despite DLX has a good tolerance, serious adverse events (e.g., liver injury) have been reported in rare cases. The role of DLX metabolism in its toxicity remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the effects of systemic Cyp1a2 loss‐of‐function on the pharmacokinetics of DLX using Cyp1a2‐knockout (Cyp1a2‐KO) and counterpart wild‐type (WT) mice. At the clinically relevant dose (12 mg/kg, p.o.), the AUC and Cmax of DLX in Cyp1a2‐KO mice increased by 56% and 106% compared to those in WT mice, which is in line with the clinical observation: Co‐administration of CYP1A2 inhibitor increases the AUC and Cmax of DLX in human subjects. Meanwhile, the AUC of one major circulating metabolite, glucuronide of hydroxylated DLX, decreased by 23% in Cyp1a2‐KO mice, in which CYP1A2 mediates the hydroxylated DLX formation. Unexpectedly, the hepatic level of DLX in Cyp1a2‐KO mice was 21% lower than that in WT mice. But the excretion of DLX in Cyp1a2‐KO mouse feces increased by 78.9%. At subtoxic dose (50 mg/kg, p.o.), the Cmax of DLX increased over 5‐fold and AUC over 10‐fold compared to those at the dose of 12 mg/kg in both WT and Cyp1a2‐KO mice. However, the Cmax and AUC of DLX shown the similar levels in WT and Cyp1a2‐KO, but the hepatic level of DLX in Cyp1a2‐KO mice slightly increased by 12%. In summary, the findings indicated that the loss of Cyp1a2 activity increased DLX systemic exposure at clinical dose and different DLX and metabolite pharmacokinetic profiles were observed in WT and Cyp1a2‐KO mice. The liver toxicity of DLX in Cyp1a2‐KO mice will be pursued in the future studies to determine the role of Cyp1a2‐mediated metabolism in DLX hepatoxicity.


In the mathematic analysis,the formula of complement variable is very importang.In this paper,we use Euler's formula,generalized integral and series to give two proofs of the formula of complement variable.


A new blowing and sucking technology using air jet to collect dust on cold strip is developed.The iron oxide scales on the cold strip are removed with high speed airflow produced by a nozzle,then collected by a suction hood.Numerical simulation is conducted on the flow in accordance with the different nozzle angles.The results show that the technology can effectively control dust and it is feasible.


Twenty-two patients with Fuch's heterochromic cyclitis has a posterior chamber intraocular lens implanted after extracapsular cataract extraction. After a mean follow-up period of 2•5 years (range, 6 to 70 months) half the patients had a visual acuity of 1•0 or more. The results compare favourably with those in the general population


The paper investigates theoretical, methodological and analytical aspects of developing of the business models. Synthesis of the theoretical fundamentals of the business model concept allows distinguishing the key characteristics comprising a temporary combination of all internal elements and subsystems, the focus on creating value and profit, defining the methods of implementing the companies' strategy. In addition, the author researches the key characteristics of business models of electrical and electronic engineering companies. The analysis of business models conducted on the basis of the developed author's methodology is considered to allow other companies to increase the efficiency of business processes through the implementation of the comprehensive approach to analysis and the electrical and electronic engineering companies' experience relating to the business model development.


We present high-speed photometry (resolution 0.1 s) obtained during the commissioning of the Berkely Visible Imaging Tube system on the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT). The observations were an attempt to search for very rapid p-mode oscillations in white dwarf stars and included three DA stars known to be g-mode pulsators (ZZ Cet, HK Cet and AF Pic), one other DA star (WD 1056-384) not known to be variable and one AM Cvn star (HP Lib). No evidence was found for any variations greater than about 1 mmag in amplitude (∼0.1 per cent) at frequencies in excess of 60 mHz (periods <17 s) in any of the target stars, though several previously known g-mode frequencies were recovered.


The principles of conventional PID control and intelligent PID control are presented in this thesis.The limit of conventional PID control is given.The method of combining conventional PID control with intelligent PID control can modify control algorithm and parameters in control process.The test results show the intelligent PID control is better than the conventional control.


Objective:To keep the clinical medical staff's hands from secondary pollution caused by using different hand-dry methods after washing hands,to standardize the hand-dry methods of medical staff and to explore a normative and humanized hand-dry method.Methods:Totally 200 clinical medical staff were randomly recruited and divided into 4 groups,namely A,B,C,and D.We used natural air method in Group A,hand-dry paper towel method in Group B,hand-drier method in Group C,and personal towel method in Group D.We observed and compared the bacteria pollution state in hands of 4 groups before and after washing hands.Results:The number of bacteria before washing hands after contacting with patients and after washing hands in 4 groups had no significant difference(P0.05).But after washing hands by using different hand-dry methods,the number of bacteria in hands in four groups had obvious difference.The number of bacteria in group A,B,C and D were 0.29±0.58,0.51±0.73,5.76±4.11,and 7.33±5.58 respectively.The difference between Group A and B had no significance(P0.05),but the difference between Group A,B and Group C,D had significance(P0.05).There was a secondary pollution by using personal towel method and hand-drier method.Most of pollution bacteria in hands were multiple medicine resistance bacteria which were consistent with the infected bacteria in hospitals.Conclusion:Hand-dry method is a key link to ensure hands health quality.Hand-dry paper towel method and natural air method can effectively reduce the secondary pollution of bacteria in hands after washing hand and reduce the infection of multiple medicine resistance bacteria caused by the hands pollution of medical staff.


GEOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDIES WERE MADE OF THE AGGREGATES FROM ALL QUARRIES IN GUANABARA STATE. THE RESULTS OF THE ADHESIVENESS TESTING ARE DISCUSSED. /RRI/


Background: Hepatitis C is prevalent worldwide. In Pakistan HCV infection has prevalence of about 4-6%. This study was conducted to identify the risk factors associated with positive hepatitis C status in a tertiary care setting.
 Material & Methods: This was hospital-based descriptive study, carried out in medical wards of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from June 2008 to November 2010. It included 542 anti-HCV positive patients of more than 12 years age and both sexes. Patients were selected by convenient sampling technique. Various indications for HCV testing and the risk factors for its acquisition were recorded on a pre-designed Performa.
 Results: Out of 542 patients, 228(42.07%) were males and 314(57.93%) females. Age ranged 14 to 90 years with mean 37.11+12.69. Re-use of syringes and therapeutic injections were reported in 433(79.88%), needle stick injuries 44(8.11%), blood transfusions 68(12.54%), dental procedures 243(44.83%), tattooing 10(1.84%), previous surgery 144(26.56%) and road traffic accidents in 16(2.95%) patients. Indications for anti-HCV testing included dilatation &/curettage in 37(11.78%), evacuation &/curettage in 41(13.05%), and antenatal checkup in 37(11.78%) female patients. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected pre-operatively in 63(11.62%), pre-endoscopy 2(0.36%), pre-vaccination against hepatitis B 14(2.58%), while donating blood in 18(3.32%), and as part of pre-employment or pre-insurance examination in 91(16.78%) patients.
 Conclusion: Hepatitis C is more common in patients with unnecessary use of injections, re-use of syringes, dental procedures and unscreened blood transfusions. In most of the patients, more than one risk factor can be found.


Mail survey research exists which can provide guidelines in the development of two-year college technical communications curriculum. This paper describes what surveys exist; where they have been reported; and what they have found. Close examination reveals that there are areas of research saturation and areas of research deficiency. By developing new types of questions to cover these areas of research deficiency, future researchers will be able to analyze vital new areas of knowledge.


An experiment was conducted to measure the tail beat frequency of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus of 5.88 to 15.60cm in fork length, at the different swimming speeds in a small water channel observed with VTR system. The tail beat frequency increased in proportion with the swimming speeds from 5.5 to 54.0cm/s. The equations for estimating the swimming speed were derived from the data of the tail beat frequency and the fork length. The equation V=-10.750.54L+0.77LF could be examined to fit best with the experimental results, where V (cm/s) is the swimming speed, L (cm) is the fork length and F (Hz) is the tail beat frequency. From this equation, the maximum swimming speed for the fish of 10cm fork length could be estimated to be 10 BL cm/s as the tail beat frequency of 14.1Hz. While, the tail beat frequency is required to be 5.7Hz for the cruising speed which is considered as 3 BL cm/s.


Human studies suggest that excessive energy intake and obesity may influence prostate cancer progression. Rodent experiments demonstrate that diet restriction attenuates tumor growth in parallel with reduced vascular density. The present study examines changes in the insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) axis caused by dietary restriction and their association with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in prostate cancer. Weanling male Copenhagen rats were randomized into control or 40% dietary restricted groups (n = 5). After 8 wk, rats were implanted with rat AT6.3 prostate adenocarcinoma cells. Two weeks later, the animals were sacrificed and serum, normal prostate, liver, and prostate tumor samples were collected for analyses. Dietary restriction reduced serum concentrations of IGF‐I by 35% (P < 0.05) and increased IGF‐binding protein‐3 (IGFBP3) by sevenfold (P < 0.0001). Lower circulating IGF‐I concentrations were correlated with reduced IGF‐I mRNA expression in the liver, the primary source of circulating IGF‐I. Dietary restriction also lowered mRNA expression of IGF‐I (45%, P = 0.0242) and its receptor IGFIR (40%, P = 0.0083) in prostate tumors. Similarly, reduced VEGF mRNA (30%, P = 0.0176) and secreted VEGF protein (33%, P = 0.0003) were observed in prostate cancer of restricted rats. An in vitro study employing AT6.3 prostate cancer cells demonstrated dose‐ and time‐dependent stimulation of VEGF expression by IGF‐I. These results suggest that dietary restriction reduces endocrine and prostate tumor autocrine/paracrine IGF‐I expression, which contributes to reduced VEGF expression and signaling, to inhibit tumor angiogenesis associated with prostate tumorigenesis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In this work was used the Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis specie, that is originary of Central America and hat very well adaptation in tropical regions with seasonal climate. In São Paulo State is the second tropical species of Pinus more planted and presents potential for production in diverse regions of the country. Thus were chosed trees with similar an next ages to the cut (12 years), planted in sites with potentially different capacity of biomass production, located in the City of Agudos SP. Samples were analyzed aiming at to identify to the variation of the biomass production in the compartments: needles, branches, wood and bark; as well as concentration and accumulation of nutrients in each compartment. Were collected in diameter at breast height (DBH) wood discs for wood specific gravity and dimensions of the anatomical elements (tracheids) analyze. In the canopy projection of samples trees, soil had been collected for physical and chemical analyses in different depths. With data had been made correlations aiming to indicate which soil attributes that effectively can affect the nutrition, the productivity and the wood. The main influences in biomass production and nutrients accumulation were related on hydric availability and hidrogenionic potential. Soil attributes were not correlated with tracheids dimensions and wood density.


Image normalization is very useful in image understanding systems. In general, there are four basic forms of distortion of planar patterns: translation, rotation, scaling and skew. The authors propose a novel method which basically solves all problems in image normalization. First, we compute the covariance matrix of a given pattern. Then, we rotate the pattern according to the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix, and scale the pattern along the two eigenvectors according to the eigenvalues to bring the pattern to its most compact form. The processed pattern is invariant to translation, scaling and skew. Only the rotation problem remains unsolved. The final step is to rotate the image with respect to the image ellipse tilt angle, which is determined by the three second-order central moments, to make the pattern invariant to rotation. Thus, the resulting pattern is invariant to translation, rotation, scaling and skew. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are approved by numerical experiments on aircraft images.


When, in 1793, the fugitive French philosophe the Marquis de Condorcet traced his Outline of an Historical View of the Progress of the Human Mind through ten ages of history, he placed print in the seventh age, preceded by darkness. For him, the invention of printing marked a critical point in the process by which Western European society escaped the yoke of priestly dogmatism and monkish tyranny and launched from intellectual blindness into the age of Enlightenment.1 In presenting medieval scribal culture as a symbol of clerical hypocrisy, corruption and dominance, and in linking the advent of the press with the triumph of reason and civilisation over ignorance and barbarity, Condorcet was reproducing a motif over 200 years old. In 1740 Prosper Marchand had likewise heralded printing as 'un riche Présent du Ciel', a conceit given graphic expression in the frontispiece to his book, which depicted the press descending from the heavens and being presented by Minerva and Mercury to Germany, and thence to the nations of Holland, England, Italy and France (Illustration 1).2 But the myth of print as a providential instrument had its taproot in Reformation polemic. It was a trope which found its most classic articulation in John Foxe's Actes and Monuments. For Foxe, as for Martin Luther before him, printing was a 'divine' and 'miraculous' art, a special gift from God which had dispelled the mists of idolatry and superstition and 'heaped upon that proud kingdome', the papacy, 'a double confusion'.3 The theme was constantly echoed in the following century: by George Hakewill in 1627, who celebrated the role of this 'new kinde of writing' in redeeming books out of their 'bondage' in the libraries of the monasteries, and in 1662 by an anonymous apologist for the printing industry itself, who declared that


This paper discusses research in developing general and systematic methods for intrusion detection and based on the classification elect the leaders in network for those are classified as high reliability. The key ideas are to use data mining techniques to discover consistent and useful patterns of system features that describe program and user behavior, and use the set of relevant system features to compute classifiers that can recognize anomalies and known intrusions. The performance of the classification algorithms is evaluated under different traffic conditions and mobility patterns for the Black Hole, Forging, Packet Dropping, and Flooding attacks. The obtained experimental results indicate that the Support Vector Machines exhibit high accuracy for almost all simulated attacks and that Packet Dropping is the hardest attack to detect.


All over the world, the awareness of the increasing pollution of rivers, estuaries and the sea with its associated impact on these ecosystems, its effect on organisms, food-chains, water supply and finally on man himself is growing. Estuaries form a link between the limnetic and marine environments, characterized by a variety of complex processes. Most of these phenomena are not yet sufficiently understood, making efficient water quality management a difficult task. The volume has two main objectives: to present the latest information on current estuarine research and to elaborate fundamentals and criteria for planners and decision-makers in water quality management.


Liquid waste from processing cassava into tapioca starch is carbohydrate-rich waste and can be used as a growth medium for the Acetobacter xylinum, which is useful in producing one of the fermentation products, i.e. nata. Several factors influence the production of nata, one of them is the addition of nutrients in the form of nitrogen in the fermentation medium. The nitrogen source used is usually from inorganic fertilizers, such as urea and ammonium sulfate. In this study, fermentation of tapioca starch wastewater was developed, using a natural sources of nitrogen derived from soybean and green bean sprouts extract. Nata was made by treating various concentrations of soybean and green bean sprouts extract (3%, 4%, 5%) and fermentation time (6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days and 10 days). The characteristics of the nata product were seen from the thickness and yield of the nata. The nata de cassava product's optimum results were tested for thickness, yield, and moisture content. The results showed that the best type of natural nitrogen source was soybean sprouts extract 5%, fermentation time of 10 days with a thickness of 0.55 cm, the water content of 97.58%, and yield of 63.09%


Twenty-five years after the discovery of a vast class of organic reactions named "pericyclic reactions" by Woodward and Hoffmann, ab initio quantum mechanics provides a detailed analysis of the geometries, energies, and electronic characteristics of the transition structures of these reactions. Common features are found in all these reactions, and generalizations permit prediction of other transition-structure geometries and energies. At the same time, great diversity is observed—from strongly bonded, rigid, closed-shell entities to weakly interacting, flexible diradical structures.


This paper discusses from a practical point of view, the concept of using availability properties as design factors in the design of naval ships. The paper also presents a practical case from an ongoing Navy project concerning the procurement of a new type of ship, a so-called Mine Counter Measure Vessel, MCMV. The final part of the paper discusses some lessons learned from this particular project and also how the Navy is implementing the system design analysis into the procurement process. (CMO).


: 1588 Socioeconomic Status and the Risk of Suspected Autism Spectrum Disorders among 18-month-old Toddlers in Japan: A Population-Based Study.


AT a meeting of the Edinburgh Obstetrical Society on 12th January, 1949, the President, Dr. E. Chalmers Fahmy in the Chair, papers were presented by Dr. A. F. Anderson and Dr. J. D. Bourke on the subjects respectively of CAUDAL ANALGESIA N OBSTETRICS and CHOICE OF ANAESTHETIC FOR CAESAREAN SECTION. Dr. Anderson discussed the anatomical features of the sacral canal, with its relationships to the membranes and spaces and to the spinal nerve roots. He traced the pharmacological effects of local anaesthetic injected extra-durally in this region and discussed the interference with siich effects resulting from abnormalities of development of the sacrum of which he showed a number of X-ray illustrations. He then recorded his personal introduction to this subject, and indicated how he had come to the conclusion that, for conditions of obstetrical practice in this country, the method should be restricted to hospital practice, while the constant attention necessary for success with a continuous technique was so exacting as to make it applicable to very few patients indeed. He had, therefore, decided to restrict his investigations to the use of a single dose caudal injection using procaine to determine the quantity of anaesthetic necessary to secure the desired effect and then giving a second injection through the indwelling needle of a similar quantity of amethocaine hydrochloride solution with a view to prolonging the effects of the procaine. With this technique he had found it possible to obtain relief of pain lasting from 3 to 5 hours. The factor most vital to success was the timing of the injection to allow of delivery occurring within this range. Dr. Anderson described the technique of the injection and subsequently discussed indications and contra-indications. Of the former, he thought the need to relieve pain in premature labour was the most important. He thought the method should be in the hands of an obstetrician or of a specialist anaesthetist with very wide experience of practical obstetrics. He recorded the results of 67 cases personally treated. Dr. Bourke discussed the peculiar difficulties facing the anaesthetist in choosing an anaesthetic for Caesarean section. His deliberations were influenced by the fact that many Caesarean sections were indicated in patients who were already suffering from serious disorders peculiar to pregnancy or to parturition, from pre-eclampsia, starvation and acidosis; from grave antepartum haemorrhage; or from diabetes, tuberculosis, or other incidental disease. Many were emergencies, where reasonable pre-operative preparation could not be attempted. Many were suffering from a degree of gastric dilatation and liable suddenly to vomit large quantities of material. Sedative pre-medication, which might prejudice the foetus, must be eschewed. Finally, the presence of a large tumour within the abdomen and the insistence of some operators upon a steep Trendelenburg position interfered with diaphragmatic respiration. Spinal analgesia had a sinister reputation, possible reasons for which Dr. Bourke examined in detail. Nevertheless i t had certain definite advantages, and there was a place for it, especially when supplemented by light general narcosis. Inhalational anaesthetics were undoubtedly the more frequently employed. A possible objection was that most general anaesthetics depressed the activity of the uterine muscle. This risk could be minimized by the use of cyclopropane a t a very light plane, along with curare which provides necessary relaxation and minimising the total dose of the agent used, reduces its toxic effect. It appears so far that significant quantities of curare do not cross the placental barrier, but still the dosage should be cautious, not more than 10 mg. In the series of cases which Dr. Bourke now recorded the results for the babies had been quite favourabIe, most breathing well at once and all crying within 8 minutes. Local infiltration analgesia was indicated in those cases where there was gross foetal distress, when no form of anaesthesia which might affect the foetus, however remotely, should be employed. Caution was required in using it in obese patients, who might require such a large infiltration that toxic results might occur, while wound healing was sometimes poor. The inhibition of sulphonamides by procaine solution had also to be remembered.


We present theoretical prospects for creating p-wave paired BCS states of magnetic trapped fermionic atoms. Based on our earlier proposal of using dc electric fields to control both the strength and anisotropic characteristic of atom-atom interaction and our recently completed multi-channel atomic collision calculations we discover that p-wave pairing with $^{40}$K and $^{82,84,86}$Rb in the low field seeking maximum spin polarized state represent excellent choices for achieving superfluid BCS states; and may be realizable with current technology in laser cooling, magnetic trapping, and evaporative/sympathetic cooling, provided the required strong electric field can be applied. We also comment on the prospects of similar p-wave paired BCS states in $^{6}$Li, and more generally on creating other types exotic BCS states. Our study will open a new area in the vigorous pursuit to create a quantum degenerate fermionic atom vapor.


A circuit is described for producing in a cathode-ray oscillograph a time base suitable for the investigation of wireless pulses reflected from the ionosphere when no ground wave is present. The time base is locked to the received groups of echoes and gives a stationary pattern on the oscillograph even when all the echoes are fading considerably. The whole group of echoes, including the first, is delineated on a portion of the time base which is not obscured by end effects in the trace, so that accurate measurements of time intervals can be made.


BACKGROUND
Molluscan shellfish, including oysters, often cause allergic reactions in sensitive people throughout the world. It has been demonstrated that arginine kinase (AK) was one of the major allergens of oyster. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunoreactivity and structure of oyster arginine kinase (AK) as affected by heat treatment, pH change, and in vitro digestion. What's more, the IgE-binding epitopes of this allergen were also predicted and validated.

RESULTS
Thermal and pH assays revealed that AK was unstable at temperature > 40°C or pH ≤5.0 by SDS-PAGE and Circular Dichroism (CD), while the digestibility assays suggested that AK was easier to be digested by pepsin than by trypsin and chymotrypsin. The potential epitopes were predicted through immunoinformatics tools and seven linear epitopes were identified by indirect competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) with pooled sera and individual serum from oyster allergic patients. The critical amino acids in each epitope were also confirmed using mutant peptides. These linear epitopes and critical amino acids were apt to distribute on the outer surface of homology-based AK model. Moreover, the three denaturants (SDS, β-Me and urea) can destroy the spatial structure of AK and increase or reduce its allergenicity by denaturation treatments.

CONCLUSION
Processing conditions lay the foundation for the variation of allergenicity. Seven linear epitopes and the critical amino acids of them were identified by indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA). These findings will be helpful in allergy diagnosis and development of hypoallergenic products in the near future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


In this study, factors affecting magnetic properties of NiFe(100A)/NiO(400A) bilayers have been investigated. It's found that magnetic properties of NiFe(100A)/NiO(400A) bilayers is not only dependent on the microstructure of bottom NiO layer but also dependent on the deposition condition of the top NiFe layer. Interfacial magnetic interaction of the bilayers is believed to play a critical role in controlling magnetic behavior of the bilayers. The measurement of the magnetic properties of NiFe(100A)/NiO(400A) bilayers showed them to be temperature dependent and also dependent on the in-plane angle of the applied field.


During the past few years I have conducted courses in fast reading and writtenEnglish for non-majors. Here I want to describe briefly what I did, how I did it,and what the results were.FAST READING: Before explaining in detail how we worked and what the results were, I'd like tosay a few words about tbe students. I had two groups of about 25 students each. Tbey were selected from among the


WAR AND civilian casualties have in the past few years afforded an unprecedented number of serious, complicated injuries and diseases of the myoneuroskeletal system. During the same period of time, many new and radically different methods and medicaments have been advanced in the treatment of these conditions. Reports on the use of, and results obtained with, these new methods and materials have been numerous, widely distributed and not without variance. The collective experience and results obtained yet await critical evaluation. Many basic or fundamental principles are manifest when the reports of the various authors are analyzed. EARLY TREATMENT In early treatment, says Renou, 1072 debridement with adequate excision of damaged soft tissue, minimal removal of comminuted bone, production of efficient drainage and complete immobilization of the affected parts are most essential. Tension in the closure of the soft tissues often means loss of life or of limbs. Blood transfusions to


Shanhu Xuanjing is a civil traditional Chinese medicine which has a good effect on Tinea pedis,but its active ingredient clinical pharmacology have not been researched.In this paper,we use antifungal activity as a guide to separate the active pharmaceutical ingredient of Shanhu Xuanjing and study the preliminary mechanism of this medicine.We use chloroform to extract the samples and then through High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)and finally get the effective components Z2(1,3,4,6-4 amino hexane).Through the micro-dilution method,we found the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)value on Candida albicans reaches 10μg/mL.Through Scanning Electron Microscope,we found that Shanhu Xuanjing can destroy the cell membrane of Candida albicans to cell rupture death.


The late-time effect of primordial non-Gaussianity offers a window into the physics of inflation and the very early Universe. In this work we study the consequences of a particular class of primordial non-Gaussianity that is fully characterized by initial density fluctuations drawn from a non-Gaussian probability density function, rather than by construction of a particular form for the primordial bispectrum. We numerically generate multiple realisations of cosmological structure and use the late-time matter power spectrum, bispectrum and trispectrum to determine the effect of these modified initial conditions. We show that the initial non-Gaussianity has only a small imprint on the first three polyspectra, when compared to a standard Gaussian cosmology. Furthermore, some of our models present an interesting scale-dependent deviation from the Gaussian case in the bispectrum and trispectrum, although the signal is at most at the percent level. The majority of our models are consistent with CMB constraints on the trispectrum, while the others are only marginally excluded. Finally, we discuss further possible extensions of our study.


The emergence of social network application and rapid development, makes the human use of the Internet has a great way to change. An in-depth understanding of the online social networks is necessary to insight into questions of human social behavior, study the structure of online social network, to design future online social network, and to understand the impact of online social networks on the Internet. In this paper, we present a brief review of the related work on social networks. Social network research mainly includes three aspects: the structure characteristics of the social network, user group and its behavior, and information dissemination and influence analysis in social network.


ADHD called the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is predominant among the children and the teens. Children having ADHD has differences in the way they persevere things and also has slight variation in their brain development that affects attention, the ability to focus and self control. Thus children with ADHD face obstacles in their path towards success than the normal student. These children get bored with the tasks and get distracted easily. Completing their routine would be a difficult task for them. They are unable to sit still in the class and they roam around. In order to overcome this difficulty in learning among ADHD children Virtual Reality can be implemented. These ADHD children could use VR glasses for simulating their vision and creating a immersive 3D environment. VR headset will put forth a screen in front of the eyes which eliminates the contact with the real world .By doing so, they can learn things without any boredom and they will have a feeling of being in motion. This helps to increase their ability to concentrate.


The utility model discloses a super toughness concrete plate-steel beam light combined bridge structure. The combined bridge structure mainly comprises steel longitudinal beams, steel horizontal beams and super toughness concrete bridge deck slabs; the steel longitudinal beams and the steel horizontal beams are mutually connected to form a main beam of the combined bridge structure; the super toughness concrete bridge deck slabs are mainly formed by pouring super toughness concrete; vertical and horizontal reinforcing meshes are arranged in the super toughness concrete bridge deck slabs; joint surfaces of the super toughness concrete bridge deck slabs and top flange plates of the steel longitudinal beams and joint surfaces of the super toughness concrete bridge deck slabs and top flange plates of the steel horizontal beam are provided with shearing connectors. The combined bridge structure has the advantages of light self weight, excellent tensile strength, high durability and the like, the structural stiffness can be obviously improved, the influence of shrinkage and creep of concrete is reduced, the number of joints of concrete plates is reduced and cracks of the concrete plates are effectively prevented.


The construction of equipment for nanoparticles separation from suspension of metal-gaseous mixture combustion products is considered. Its principle of operation is based on electrophoresis effect. The industrial method of fraction separation is proposed.


I document market inefficiency in the sports lottery market and examine how participants learn from such inefficiency. Using a novel, parimutuel type sports lottery data in Korea, I show that participants underbet certain outcomes relative to their realized probability. The magnitude of this bias is so great that a naive betting strategy of blindly betting on these outcomes, since the sports lottery's inception in 2008 through 2010, would have resulted in an average after-tax return that was greater than 75% for each game. The size of the abnormal return is even more surprising because these sports lotteries have an unconditional expected return of less than -50% due to a low payout rate. There is some evidence of the learning behavior of participants over time, but not enough to eliminate the above bias.


In 1584, Richard Stanihurst, who was by then living in the Spanish Netherlands in self-imposed exile, wrote that the people of that country were 'exceedingly amazed when they converse with a native of Ireland who professes to knowing no Irish'. That observation seemed to epitomise the position of natives of the English colony in Ireland in the sixteenth century, who found themselves facing the universal problems of colonists. Their racial origins were misunderstood by foreigners, and they were treated patronisingly in their mother-country. Some years earlier, he had referred to how the dialect of travelling Palesmen was mocked by native Englishmen who 'judge them, upon their first repair there, to learn their English in three or four days, as though they had bought at Chester a groat's worth of English, and so packed up the rest to be carried after them to London'.


In this thesis the operating-system-level virtualization solution Docker is investigated in the context of updating an embedded system on application level. An updating sequence is designed, modell ...


Most antitumour therapies damage tumour cell DNA either directly or indirectly. Without repair, damage can result in genetic instability and eventually cancer. The strong association between the lack of DNA damage repair, mutations and cancer is dramatically demonstrated by a number of cancer-prone human syndromes, such as xeroderma pigmentosum, ataxia-telangiectasia and Fanconi anemia. Notably, DNA damage responses, and particularly DNA repair, influence the outcome of therapy. Because DNA repair normally excises lethal DNA lesions, it is intuitive that efficient repair will contribute to intrinsic drug resistance. Unexpectedly, a paradoxical relationship between DNA mismatch repair and drug sensitivity has been revealed by model studies in cell lines. This suggests that connections between DNA repair mechanism efficiency and tumour therapy might be more complex. Here, we review the evidence for the contribution of carcinogenic properties of several drugs as well as of alterations in specific mechanisms involved in drug-induced DNA damage response and repair in the pathogenesis of therapy-related cancers.


Abstract Negative images of old age can harm older individuals' cognitive and physical functioning and health. Yet, older people may be confronted with age stereotypes that are inconsistent with their own personal beliefs. We examine the implications for older people's wellbeing of three distinct elements of age stereotypes: their personal beliefs about their age group, their perception about how others generally perceive older people (i.e. their meta-stereotypes) and the societal age stereotypes that are empirically widely shared in society. Using measures from the Stereotype Content Model and survey data of older people from the United Kingdom (UK) (Study 1, N = 171), we found only partial overlap between older people's personal beliefs and their meta-stereotypes. Personal beliefs were unrelated to wellbeing, but positive meta-stereotypes of older people's competence were linked to higher wellbeing. These findings were largely replicated with a sample of baby-boomers from Switzerland (Study 2, N = 400) controlling for socio-demographics. Study 3 used representative survey data (N = 10,803) across 29 European countries, to test and confirm that the link between positive competence meta-stereotypes and wellbeing can be generalised to different cultures, and that positive warmth meta-stereotypes were an additional predictor. At the country level, societal age stereotypes about competence were positively related to the wellbeing of older people, but only in countries that provide greater opportunities for competence attainment.


This paper seeks to analyze the final guided research projects of undergraduate botany students. This work has been focused on observational data, but we think that it should promote the inquiry competence. Therefore, a fraction of the student body was proposed to think a question to drive their investigation. Evaluation of final presentations with the assessment tools NPTAI and NCI showed that those students who had asked and answered an inquiry question reached higher levels of inquiry abilities as opposed to students that had not considered such question. Based on the simplicity of the implemented change and its impact on students, we propose to modify the traditional experimental practices including inquiry questions at their beginning.


Words are communication media to share a concept in a community. A word involving ambiguity represents multiple concepts depending on a context. Such ambiguity causes misunderstanding between people having different contexts. On the other hands, a community uses words to obtain responses and/or evaluations from target population, such as customers and participants. The word ambiguity causes misunderstanding between a community and a target population due to different contexts. A community dealing with multiple languages (e.g. multinationals) has a difficulty in translation if there are no words in a second language, all meanings of which do not correspond to all meanings of a word one wishes to translate. To deal with above issues caused by word ambiguity, I propose a multilingual semantic networks(MLSN) framework in this paper. The MLSN is a graph where multiple languages words, as nodes, are semantically linked through concepts, as another type nodes. I implemented MLSN in a graph database with datasets of WordNet in three languages: English, Japanese, and French. With MLSN, I conducted two analysis. In the first analysis, I investigate the meanings of ambiguous words such as "design" and Japanese word "Kansei", and their semantic relations with relevant words in other languages. I found that there are no words corresponding to all meanings of those words in second languages. For the word "Kansei", I illustrate semantic relations with words such as "emotion", "affect", "feeling", "impression", and "intuition" which are often used to define "Kansei". In the second analysis, I discuss how MLSN supports to select and translate a set of words used as evaluation descriptors. I analyze 10 positive emotion words from well-established Geneva Emotion Wheel and their translation in French and Japanese. I demonstrate how MLSN automatically find translation mismatches and semantic independence between emotion descriptors.


E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites were fabricated by hand lay up method and tested for investigating tribological behaviours. Wear behaviours of composites 0◦, 90◦ and [0◦/90◦] oriented were investigated by pin on disc wear tester device for a constant distance (1000 m) and the design of experiments approach using the Taguchi method was employed. The tests were conducted sliding against a steel disc (60 HRC) under different sliding and loading conditions. Signal to noise ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to investigate the influence of parameters on the wear rate and coefficient of friction.


Our country is in the key period of urbanization when the city space changes acutely and the requirement for land increases quickly.According to the demand of the era of scientific development conception,it is of great importance to estimate the utilization level of city land,which can promote the healthy and harmonious development of regional cities.This article takes Nanjing metropolis as an example,summarizes its main problems in city construction,such as the unbalance between urban and rural areas,the crisis of cultivation,weakening of functions,falling of efficiency,etc.It tries to set up a model to value city's land-use,though we can synthetically judge its intensiveness level.By empirical study on Nanjing,we can find that with the quick expansion of city land,the intensiveness level of city land is really undulating,and there are different developing trends to different indexes.It is an inevitable choice for the pattern of city's land-use to turn from extensiveness to intensiveness,from quantity to qualitaty,from choas to order.


Actinomycetes are highly economic and biotechnologically useful prokaryotes able to produce wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites such as antibiotics and enzymes. The present study, aimed to isolate and screen actinomycetes from various soil samples collected from different regions of Saini, Egypt for chitinase production. In instantaneous isolation and screening of actinomycetes from Sixty-one soil samples, only eight isolates were found to have the capability to produce chitinase on colloidal media. Actinomycete strain A13 exhibit highest chitinase production while other strain shown poor production as compared to an index of relative enzyme activity. The most potent chitinolytic actinomycete isolate No. A13 was selected for further studies concerning their identification. Morphological, physiological, and phylogenetic analysis (16S rRNA). In addition to biochemical studies and culture characteristics as well as the chemical analysis of the cell wall, were carried out for the isolate under study. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic accumulated characteristics of the most potent chitinolytic actinomycetes isolate and consulting the recommended International Key's of Bergey's Manual for identification of actinomycetes, it was found that this isolate matched with Amycolatopsis orientalis by 97% with some differences and was given the name Amycolatopsis orientalis A13 sp. nova. The results revealed that the chitinase produced by Amycolatopsis orientalis A13 sp. nova can be optimized to produce the highest yield of chitinase and used as biocontrol agent.


Background: Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is one of the leading types of infection, with a significant morbidity and mortality rate. We evaluated the differential time to positivity (DTP) and semi-quantitative culture of catheter segments (SQCC) as a method for diagnosing CRBSI. Methods: From January 2010 to August 2011, 155 positive paired blood cultures which had the same organism isolated from blood cultures drawn simultaneously through the central venous catheter (CVC) and the peripheral vein were included. Positive DTP represents a DTP of least 120 min earlier for the time to detection of CVC draw than that of a peripheral vein draw. We evaluated the clinical utility of DTP and SQCC for diagnosing CRBSIs, which were further divided into two groups: confirmed (either by DTP or SQCC) and non-confirmed CRBSIs (neither DTP nor SQCC positive). Results: Sixty-five percent (100/155) of episodes were confirmed to CRBSIs. In CRBSIs, Gram-positive cocci accounted for 61% of cases, non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli represented 10%, Enterobacteriaceae for 10%, yeasts for 15%, and others for 4%. Among the confirmed CRBSI cases, 22 were both positive with DTP and SQCC, 30 cases were positive with DTP only, 12 cases were positive with SQCC only, and 36 cases which did not undergo SQCC analysis were DTP positive. The sensitivities of the DTP and SQCC techniques were 88.0% (88/100) and 53.1% (34/64), respectively. Conclusion: The differential time to positivity was more sensitive than the semi-quantitative culture of catheter segments for the diagnosis of CRBSIs. DTP is useful for diagnosing CRBSIs without removal of the catheter. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2012;15:125130)


Let $A$ be an Artin algebra. We investigate subalgebras of $A$ with certain conditions and obtain some classes of algebras whose finitistic dimensions are finite.


A finite element analysis of linear prebuckling and postbuckling with progressive failure for composite stiffened panels,as typical components of wings or empennages,was carried out using a quasi-conforming laminated plate element and beam element.According to a proposed method to calculate adhesive stresses by using node forces,the adhesive stresses between stiffeners and skin were computed in two typical cases: stiffener stiffness jump and postbuckling progressive failure.The numerical results show that the stiffness jump may cause considerably large and progressively attenuated stresses of adhesion in the vicinity of the jump points and the attenuation of shear stresses is slower than that of normal stresses.The rapid variation of postbuckling deformation in panels leads to higher adhesive shear stresses at wave peak or valley.But the adhesive stresses are not large if the load is lower than twice of critical load.


Domestic production of wheat, rice, cotton and sugarcane has experienced severe implicit taxation, averaging $1.72 billion per year during 2006-08. These distortions to producer incentives, which have resulted in huge resource transfers, must be removed if Pakistan is to address the recurring crises afflicting the crop sector, alleviate poverty, and achieve sustainable development. The institutional capacity to conduct in-depth policy analysis must also be strengthened.


Introduction PART ONE: TECHNOLOGY AND PROSPECTS FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT Innovation, Technology and Regional Development - Ray P Oakey and Alan W Pearson Technology Dynamics - Koenraad Debackere, Bart Clarysse and R Van Dierdonck Implications for Regional Development Flexible Production, Regional Development and Public Policy - Rebecca Morales PART TWO: DEVELOPMENT, DIFFUSION AND UTILIZATION OF TECHNOLOGY IN SMALL INDUSTRIALIZED ECONOMIES: THE CASES OF SWEDEN, SINGAPORE AND NEW ZEALAND Technological Systems - Bo Carlsson and Staffan Jacobsson Four Swedish Cases and Their Policy Implications Small, Newly Industrializing Economies Facing Technology Globalization - Poh-Kam Wong A Singaporean Perspective The Development of Science and Technology Policy in a Small and Open Economy - George F Stuart, Paul R Frater and Dennis Rose The New Zealand Experience PART THREE: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES AND R & D SPILLOVERS: THE CASE OF THE USA On the Microeconomics of R & D Spillovers - James D Adams and Adam B Jaffe R & D Spillovers - Zoltan J Acs and David B Audretsch PART FOUR: TECHNOLOGICAL COLLABORATION AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Technology Co-Operation across the Border? The Case of a Dutch-Belgian-German Border Region: Euregion Maas-Rhine Fabienne Corvers, Ben Dankbaar and Robert Hassink PART FIVE: TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT The End of the Cinderella Syndrome? Service Innovation in the Information Economy - Ken Ducatel and Ian Miles Education, Training and Competitiveness - Patrice de Broucker The Role of Coherence Out of Sync - Gordon Betcherman, Kathryn McMullen and Norm Leckie Technological and Organizational Change in Canadian Industry


The complex problems shared by many cities throughout Japan are evidence of the impacts of land use plans that have been poorly designed and managed. Most of the existing plans in Japan have focused on the metropolitan areas but nowadays the physical layout or land use of communities is fundamental to sustainability. Community sustainability requires a transition from poorly-managed large-scale plans to land use planning practices at the community scale that maintain efficient infrastructures, and ensure close-knit neighborhoods and a sense of community. This paper provides a scheme for discussing the residential choice of people at the community scale in a local city in Japan in order to help local communities or local authorities concerned with suitable land use planning. First, this paper gives the key principles of residential choice behavior through the statistical analysis of the revealed preference of people who actually made the decision to choose the location of their new residence. Some interesting results are a bigger correlation than expected between the location of residence and the place of work, and a strong attachment of movers to their old communities. The latter half of this paper describes a modeling process for specifying the residential choice at the community scale. The discrete choice model adopted in the present study is a conventional disaggregate logit model that is capable of representing complicated individual choice behavior while they are changing their place of residence.


Small signal stability is the ability of a system to maintain stability when subjected to small disturbances. Small signal analysis gives valuable data about the dynamic properties of the system and helps in its design, operation, and control. Time domain simulation and eigenvalue analysis are the two main ways to study system stability. Eigenvalue analysis are widely utilized to perform small signal stability analysis. The dynamic property of a system in response to small perturbations can be predicted by computing the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the system matrix. The location of the eigenvalues can be used to study the system's performance. In addition eigenvectors can be used to predict the relative participation of the respective states in the corresponding disturbance modes. This paper described a new method and algorithm for the numerical solution of eigenvalues with the largest real part of essentially positive matrices. The method is based on a numerical implementation of Collatz's eigenvalue inclusion theorem for non-negative irreducible matrices. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the speed of convergence of the new algorithm.


A studyof the absorption and fate of this group of drugs has led to some interesting conclusions. A very efficient vasoconstrictor naturally limits its own absorption, while if a preparation is chemically unstable it is destroyed by the digestive juices or in the liver; therefore oral administration can be effective only if the drug is chemically stable and not too vasoconstrictive. Ephedrine, benzedrine, and propadrine fulfil those conditions, while neosynephrin is much less effective by that route. Those with a catechol or phenolic nucleus-namely, adrenaline, adrenalone, and cobefrin-are almost completely inactive by the mouth; together with neosynephrin they are mostly destroyed in the body by whatever route administered. On the other hand, those without a hydroxyl linkage on the benzene ring-for example, ephedrine, propadrine, and benzedrine-resist decomposition more completely and are to be found in the urine. As the duration of action depends on the ease with which the body can destroy or eliminate them the former group should be used when brief action is required, the latter for more prolonged effects. The toxicity of this group depends on (a) the production of excessive hypertension, with its cardiac consequences; and (b) stimulation of the central nervous system, producing nervousness, excitement, tremors, and insomnia. As to the former, adrenaline has the most deleterious effect, and the margin of safety of any other preparation increases with the degree of its departure from the structure of that substance. As to the latter, benzedrine (especially the dextrorotatory) is most toxic, ephedrine (especialiy the laevorotatory) com:s next, adrenaline and cobefrin last. The others have no nervous effects in therapeutic doses. It should be added that W. M. Cameron and J. Kasanin" strongly criticize the inclusion of benzedrine in the sympaLhomimetic group of drugs on chemical, pharmacological, and therapeutic grounds alike. They hold that tne presence of a catechol or closely allied nucleus is essential to such inclusion, whereby ephedrine equally comes under their ban. Pharmacologically benzedrine acts directly on smooth muscle and in other ways than through sympathetic channels. The gap between therapeutic action and toxicity is narrow, and its effect is cumulative. . They admit, however, its value in narcolepsy, post-encephalitic Parkinsonism, and certain intoxications, but not in neuroses or schizophrenia. A caution should be uttered as to addiction. Tainter points out that cocaine was used long before this danger was recognized, and that heroin was introduced as a cure for morphine addiction. Indeeid, the recognition of addiction has always lagged considerably behind the introduction of a drug-and barbiturates might be cited as another example of this. The danger of benzedrine addiction is now becoming generally recognized. Tainter maintains that of all nerve stimulants acting centrally benzedrine qualitatively most resembles cocaine in this respect. Here we are evidently at only the beginning of a valuable inquiry. To determine the conditions governing absorption and selective action of drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system is to increase notably the precision and effectiveness of therapeutics.


The influence of poly[(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)-g-polystyrene] (EVA-g-PS) on the mechanical and morphological properties of polystyrene and the blends with EVA copolymers has been investigated. The melt blends have been performed in a twin-screw extruder. The addition of the graft copolymer enhances the mechanical properties and impact resistance of the PS matrix and PS/EVA (90 : 10 wt %) blends. Better results on impact strength and elongation at break have been achieved by using a EVA-g-PS graft copolymer with a higher EVA proportion by weight. This graft copolymer also contains a lower molecular weight of the PS-grafted segments than the PS matrix. Morphological studies by scanning electron microscopy revealed some interfacial adhesion between the components in the compatibilized polymer blends. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 2141–2149, 1997


The particle filter(PF)is proposed to be the asynchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple-access(DS/CDMA)multiuser detector without knowing the channel state information.The PF performs symbol detection according to the joint posterior density probability of simulated particles including relative delays,fading gains and symbols via sequential importance sample and resample.A simplified scheme is also proposed by separating the independent relative delays and fading with symbols.These parameters are modeled as the extended aggressive processes and estimated by the Kalman filter,so as to provide their arbitrary importance distribution for symbol detection.Simulation results show that the bit error rate of the PF is less than conventional detectors.Moreover,the complexity of PF is moderate comparable to other nonlinear suboptimal approaches.


From Pavese to Magris through Buzzati, Calvino and Bufalino, the great names of the contemporary Italian novel have revisited the myth of Orpheus' descent into the Underworld. Spread over time and differing in composition, these rewritings all aim to subvert some facet of a myth that casts Orpheus as a sublime poet and Eurydice, as a mere muse. Of all my themes, the ultimate episode—that of the "glance that kills"—is the focus of contemporary rewritings: these modern interpretations of the myth, though hardly altering the matrix structure, point to new questions. The novelists of modernity, thanks to the transformations and subversions allowed by the flexibility of this myth, have something to say about our times.


To enhance the resolution of abdominal computed tomography slices, a super-resolution method based on random forests is proposed. We classify input LR patches using an Auto-Encoder network, and we employ several random forest machines for the estimation of HR data. The random forest machines are trained, and they are used to reconstruct HR patches in the test phase. Compared to the conventional K-means clustering and interpolation techniques, our results improved the performance of the SR algorithm by at least 0.02 and 5.7% using the SSIM and PSNR measures. While the conventional RF-based method generated unwanted spots in the HR image, the quality of our results outperforms the standard RF-based approach. Moreover, the proposed intensity profile follows that of the original image and preserves the edges better; however, the conventional technique generates false high-frequency oscillations.


The tensile strength and thermal stability of polylactide (PLA) were significantly improved through chemical crosslinking. However, it became much more rigid and brittle. To obtain a material with good thermal stability and enhanced ability to plastic deformation, chemical crosslinked PLA with 0.5 wt % triallyl isocyanurate and 0.5 wt % dicumyl peroxide was blended with different contents of dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The advantage of using DOP is that it does not crystallize, has low glass transition temperature, and is miscible with PLA. The morphology and the thermal and mechanical properties of the crosslinked PLA and the blends of crosslinked PLA with various contents of DOP were investigated by means of scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile test, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The rheological properties of samples were also explored by using a capillary rheometer. The results showed that the DOP was an effective plasticizer for the chemical crosslinked PLA, resulting in a significantly decreased T g , lower yield stress, and improved elongation at break. The plasticization effect was enhanced by adding higher DOP content. In addition, the DOP enhanced the crystallinity of crosslinked PLA, and all the crosslinked samples showed better heat stability than neat PLA. The apparent viscosity of the blends decreased with the increase of DOP content and a phase separation occurred when the content of DOP exceeded 12.5 wt %.


In the adult mathematical learning,micro- learning is becoming a trend. The function of micro- learning resource in the adult mathematical learning is obvious. Therefore,constructing the micro- learning resources becomes an important task for the eductional institutes. Mematical micro- learning resources should consider both the demands of adult and the knowledge hierarchy. The characteristics of difference,interaction,convienence in adult micro- learning and the characteristics of systematicness,interactiveness and interestingness of mathematics should be realized in the construction of micro- learning resources.


Forensic science plays an important role in solving lawsuits involving human beings, such as assault, homicide, or poisoning cases. It combines scientific principles and techniques with legal procedures. Regarding past and present animal cruelty issues, many countries have passed stringent legislation to penalize individuals who abuse animals. Such animal cruelty protection acts are practiced in many countries, including Thailand, the United States, and Australia. Therefore, forensic science has been applied in the veterinary field, classified as a branch called veterinary forensic science. This field of study examines abnormalities in unnatural death in animals, collecting evidence from animals according to the chain of custody (crucial for documenting evidence) and the laws related to crimes against animals. This article gathers information by searching international databases (Scopus and Pubmed). The results of the search revealed the role of veterinarians in forensic science, the types of animal abuse that have led to legal actions (such as physical abuse and poisoning), and the laws seeking to prevent animal cruelty, each with its unique set of penalties, as implemented by different countries. The results revealed that veterinarians play a crucial role in animal forensic science by examining abused animals and ensuring the precise collection of samples, which serves as essential support for legal cases. It is important to involve specialized experts in these examinations, as their involvement substantially enhances the reliability of the results. Countries with laws to prevent animal cruelty, such as Malaysia, Thailand, Turkey, and Australia, punish animal abusers with varying fines and imprisonment. However, some countries still do not have practical laws to prevent animal cruelty directly, such as China and Iran. In this context, veterinarians should know the animal cruelty prevention laws in their area and educate animal owners to be aware of appropriate animal welfare management and reduce the incidence of animal cruelty.


A study of pyritic and three‐dimensional specimens of sinograptids from the early Middle Ordovician Ningkuo Formation of western Zhejiang Province, south‐east China, indicates that the proximal development of both TylograptusSinograptus is of modified isograptid type. The thecal apertures of the two genera are reconstructed and display a complex morphology more typical of stratigraphically younger graptoloids. Because of differences in its prothecal folds and thecal apertures Tylograptus is distinguished from Holmograptus and regarded as a valid genus. In Sinograptus, a tongue‐shaped structure, and constriction of the thecal tube after the metathecal fold, are illustrated for the first time. The proximal development and thecal structures of TylograptusSinograptus imply a possible origin of sinograptids from earlier didymograptids or sigmagraptids. Four species, Tylograptus intermediusT. globiformisSinograptus typicalisS. rastritoides, are revised.


The simulation time of reflectarray antenna increases with increase in size of the array. In this paper we discuss about the simulation of a Ka-band reflectarray antenna using quasi-periodic surfaces (QUPES) by TICRA, which significantly reduces the simulation time when compared with Ansys HFSS. The far-field pattern measurement of the reflectarray antenna is compared with HFSS and QUPES and shows differences in the side lobe levels. When array sizes exceed 5000 elements simulation time can be reduced for initial analysis.


Motivated by the fact that investors have limited ability to process information, I model investors' bounded rational behavior in processing information and investigate its implications for asset pricing. Investors can make mistakes in processing information and thus have inaccurate estimates of fundamentals. This process generates "bounded rational risk." I find that the volatility of stock and bond return increases in the presence of bounded rational investors, which can help explain the excessive volatility puzzle. The stock-bond return correlation becomes time varying and even negative and rational investors benefit from the trading with bounded rational investors.


Abstract : This paper considers the computation of the expected perimeter of a component in mosaic image models and checks its applicability to real images. The expected width of a component in the Occupancy and Delaunay models and in a real image is also considered.


The invention discloses a static riveting device for producing an automobile electrical appliance switch sealing part. The static riveting device comprises a forming pressure head (3) and a positioning seat (8), wherein the forming pressure head (3) is arranged on an upper mounting plate; the positioning seat (8) is arranged on the base; both sides of the upper mounting plate are arranged on a guide column (9) in a sleeving way, and can slide; the lower end of the guide column (9) is fixed on the base; a forming cavity is formed in the center of the forming pressure head (3); a preforming pressure head (4) is arranged in the forming cavity; the preforming pressure head (4) is fixed in the center of the forming pressure head (3) through a spring. The static riveting device is capable of riveting without generating heat, and is convenient and safe to operate compared with the conventional manual feeding; all-dimensional positioning is performed through a guide device positioning seat, so that riveting stability is ensured.


The paper analysed the P.E.majors which haven′t applied the complete credit system in Anhui province on the basis of documents method,questionnaires,and interviews.The following problems influencing the implementation of complete credit system are found in the study:unreasonable curricula,inadequate facilities resources,severe imbalance of the ratio of teachers to pupils,and conservative ideas.Hence,the paper aims at improving the implementation of complete credit system of the P.E.majors in Anhui province based on the above mentioned problems.


: The effectiveness of International Safety Management (ISM) Code has been evaluated in many aspects. However, limited research has been att empted to evaluate the auditing mechanism, its quality


Realizing dark energy and the observed de Sitter spacetime in quantum gravity has proven to be obstructed in almost every usual approach. We argue that additional degrees of freedom of the left- and right-movers in string theory and a resulting doubled, noncommutatively generalized geometric formulation thereof can lead to an effective model of dark energy consistent with de Sitter spacetime. In this approach, the curvature of the canonically conjugate dual space provides for the dark energy inducing a positive cosmological constant in the observed spacetime, whereas the size of the above dual space is the gravitational constant in the same observed de Sitter spacetime. As a hallmark relation owing to a unique feature of string theory which relates short distances to long distances, the cosmological constant scale, the Planck scale and the effective TeV-sized particle physics scale must satisfy a see-saw-like formula — precisely the generic prediction of certain stringy cosmic brane type models.


With the convergence of ubiquitous networking and medical technologies, ubiquitous healthcare(U-Healthcare) service has come in our life, which enables a patient to receive medical services at anytime and anywhere. In the u-Healthcare environment, intelligent real-time biosignal aquisition/analysis techniques are inevitable. In this study, we propose a motion artifact cancelation method in portable photoplethysmography(PPG) signal aquisition using an accelerometer and an adaptive filter. A preliminary experiment represented that the component of the pedestrian motion artifact can be found under 5Hz in the spectral analysis. Therefore, we collected PPG signals under both simulated conditions with a motor that generates circular motion with uniform velocity (from 1 to 5Hz) and a real walking condition. We then reduced the motion artifact using a recursive least square adaptive filter which takes the accelerometer output as a noise reference. The results showed that the adaptive filter can remove the motion artifact effectively and recover peak points in PPG signals, which represents our method can be useful to detect heart rate in real walking condition.


On the basis of analyzing the current situation of student's leisure education in universities,the paper has explored the functions and paths for university libraries to make use of traditional leisure culture to carry out student's leisure education in universities.


In the presence of an uncertainty factor, that is, if some variable X assumes several values $x_1,\ldots,x_n$ rather than a single value, one usually performs an averaging over these values with some coefficients (measures) $\alpha_i$ such that $\sum_{i=1}^n\alpha_i=1$ and sets $y=\sum\alpha_ix_i$. For an equity market, there arises a nonlinear averaging for y. We consider an averaging of the form $f(y)=\sum\alpha_if_i(x_i)$. Starting from four natural axioms, we prove that either the above-mentioned linear averaging holds, or $y=\log\sum_{i=1}^ne^{x_i}$. An example of a stock price breakout under this summation is given.