Henrik Ibsen is, without a doubt, an icon in the modern, secular sense of the term. One effect of his iconic standing is a recent trend within the tradition of Ibsen in performance. Ibsen is no longer just a playwright. An Ibsen production is not necessarily a staging of a play written by him. It may as well be a staging of a play written – or "pieced together" – by someone else, the plot of which is based on events in Ibsen's life or the design of which is based on Ibsen's works. Understandably, Ibsen may in these productions occasionally appear as a dramatic figure, as himself. In the past three decades, this trend has increased in volume, with a preliminary peak in the Ibsen Year 2006. The phenomenon is not at all restricted to Norway. Since 2006, productions like this have been traced in Norway, Mexico, USA, Italy, Argentina, Germany, England, Bangladesh, Japan, Canada, Spain, Sweden and China. The Ibsen character in these productions, if there is one, fulfils a number of dramaturgical functions. He may be portrayed in the form of a doll, a statue, a mute, an actor or an actress with lines of dialogue, of young or old age, thick or thin, tall or small. However, despite the diversity in the physical shaping of the Ibsen character, theatre audiences all over the world recognize the character as Ibsen within a fraction of a second when he enters the stage because of the activation of a set of simple, iconographic elements: whiskers, top hat, overcoat, glasses. When did Ibsen turn into an icon? In his latest book, Ibsen og fotografene, Peter Larsen investigates the phenomenon on the basis of photographs of Ibsen. Scrutinizing all extant portrait Ibsen Studies, 2014 Vol. 14, No. 1, 52–70, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15021866.2014.937152


Thank you very much for downloading social problems readings with four questions. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite readings like this social problems readings with four questions, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their computer. social problems readings with four questions is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the social problems readings with four questions is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Due to the current domestic situation and trend of development, China should strive to promote internal harmony and progress, and improve strategic coordination with all major powers and the peripheral countries. It should study seriously the theories and practices of crisis public diplomacy, consolidate fundamental strategic capabilities, and enhance its ability to execute relevant programs.


The current–voltage characteristics of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) were measured and compared with those of crystalline silicon solar cells. It was found that the energy conversion efficiency of DSCs is dependent on voltage sweep direction and sampling delay time (Td). Measurement of the transient photocurrent revealed that this dependence is due to the longer time constant of DSCs. This dependence was also confirmed in a simulation of current–voltage curves based on an equivalent circuit model of DSCs. Analysis of the current–voltage characteristics of polymer-based bulk heterojunction solar cells (BHSCs) and simulated measurements showed that the longer time constant is due to slow movement of ions in the electrolyte. To improve accuracy, the I–V measurement should be carried out from short circuit to open circuit with Td of 100 ms or longer.


As notional life support system (LSS) architectures are developed and evaluated, myriad options must be considered pertaining to process technologies, components, and equipment assemblies. Each option must be evaluated relative to its impact on key functional interfaces within the LSS architecture. A leading notional architecture has been developed to guide the path toward realizing future crewed space exploration goals. This architecture includes atmosphere revitalization, water recovery and management, and environmental monitoring subsystems. Guiding requirements for developing this architecture are summarized and important interfaces within the architecture are discussed. The role of environmental monitoring within the architecture is described.


Th e problems of inheritance law change with the needs of society. In the era of new technologies there is a temptation to use them to achieve goals set by law. One of the areas of inheritance law that can be adapted to changing reality resulting from the possibilities created by the benevolence of technology, is the area of the form of the will. Th e testament, as a formal legal act, must be drawn up in a form prescribed by law. Should this form be based on new technology solutions is a dilemma, which is analyzed by the author on the example of proposals for changes in Swiss law.


Abstract The elastic-perfectly plastic solution of Galin provides only the stress distribution for the plastic region. The theory is extended and the compatibility equation is solved for the secant modulus. The unfinished problem of Galin is thus completed and the strain distribution is obtained for the perfectly plastic region around a circular hole due to unequal biaxial loads.


The effect of lead arsenate on coenzyme A (CoA) was examined in order to investigate the involvement of CoA in the reduction of free acidity of juice by the chemical in hopes of finding non-toxic acid-reducing chemicals.0.3% lead arsenate solution was sprayed on satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) trees 3 to 5 weeks after full bloom.Total CoA concentration was not affected apparently, but acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) concentration decreased meaning a proportional decrease of AcCoA to total CoA. Meanwhile the free acidity of juice in lead arsenate sprayed fruits was 16 to 22% lower than that in unsprayed fruits.The decrease in proportion of AcCoA in total CoA about five weeks after lead arsenate spraying showed a high correlation with the decrease of free acidity of juice at harvest in sprayed fruits. It was suggested that arsenolysis could cause acidity of juice to decrease by reducing production of citric acid.


At the end of 2019, New Coronavirus first swept China and spread to the whole world, which affected almost all industries globally. Therefore, both the economy and the stock market in this world received a punch. This essay uses the Fama-French model to calculate the rate of return of a given asset in the meal industry. The periods chosen for this research are September 2019 to February 2020 and March 2020 to August 2020, which are before and during the Covid-19. Due to the impact of the Covid, to control the flow of people and prevent cross-infection, many public places were forced to close, so were restaurants. Therefore, the industry selected in this paper is the meal industry. In conclusion, because of the volatility of the US stock market, the shares of the beverage industry have also been seriously affected. Due to the epidemic's impact, large enterprises tend to overestimate themselves, but investors have fewer expectations of them. Therefore, although the risk of small enterprises in the catering industry is greater, the income of small enterprises is greater than that of large enterprises, and the small-scale effect is enhanced. Therefore, investors are more inclined to invest in small enterprises. In addition, Fama-French five-factor model also shows that investors are more inclined to choose companies with aggressive investment styles.


The subject of this note is a bronze measure bought at Sotheby's in 1948. It was catalogued simply as 'A Byzantine bronze grain measure of cylindrical form, the exterior horizontally grooved and with four lines of inscriptions round the rim, dark patination, with malachite green encrustation, 5¼ in., 7th/8th Century, fitted case'. I bought it partly because the lettering was a rounded uncial somewhat similar to that of a manuscript in which I was then interested; partly because the longish. inscription seemed to offer a possibility of finding out something of the circumstances of its production; partly because it was in itself a pleasant object. After puzzling for some time in moments of leisure over the inscription, I wrote to Professor Bernard Ashmole about it. He pointed out that if I had been using the up-to-date Liddell and Scott—a failure just slightly less unpardonable then than it would be now—I would have found that the measure had already been published. As the articles indicated to which he referred me (AA 1923–24 153–64, in JdI xxxviii–ix) Borchardt, who first brought the measure to notice, was shown it in Alexandria by a dealer who told him that it came from Antioch. There seems, however, to have been doubt in Borchardt's mind as to whether he had understood what the dealer said on this point.


This is the first study to characterize the vascular functions in a well characterized and validated polygenic rat model of type 2 diabetes (UC Davis‐Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, UCD‐T2DM), exhibiting etiology more similar to clinical T2DM in humans than other rodent models. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether 1) the endothelium‐dependent and ‐independent vasodilation in mesenteric arteries (MA) are impaired, 2) sex differences exist in the development of abnormal vascular responses, and 3) the relative contributions of endothelium derived relaxing factors in modulating vascular reactivity of MA is altered in UCD‐T2DM Rats.


Under the vision and action of China's construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, the globalization of art education is unstoppable. The basic courses of environmental design majors in art schools are advancing with the times. It can not only meet the needs of regional economy, social development and the strategy of cultural power construction, but also maintain the characteristics of talent cultivation in the background of art colleges and universities. This paper attempts to take the "Architectural Design Foundation" as an example, and integrates the curriculum connotation of "skills learning" and "cultivation and shaping". The basic module and the expansion module are integrated into practical projects as a modular project teaching method to build a professional high-level innovative applied talent training curriculum system suitable environment design. It is to promote the cultivation of Chinese cultural and artistic talents. Keywords—environmental design major; architectural design basis; module project teaching method; integration; innovation


It has been the focus of research in pharmaceutics how to improve the dissolution and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.The solid dispersion(SD),one of the formulation strategies to overcome this problem,has attracted much attention.The advances in new carrier materials and new techniques for the preparation of SDs of poorly soluble drugs in recent years were reviewed.


A rapid and specific gas chromatographic method has been developed for the detection and determination of d-biotin. This technique has been found applicable to agricultural premixes and pharmaceutical injectable preparations. After suitable preliminary extraction, the biotin silyl ester is prepared using bis-(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (BSA) reagent. The silyl ester of d-biotin exhibited good peak symmetry and a linear response when utilizing a hydrogen flame ionization detector with a 2% OV-17 column operated at a temperature of 190°. The conditions for the assay of d-biotin in several preparations are described employing n-octa-cosane as the internal standard. The standard deviation of the developed procedure under the conditions studied was ±2.7%.


Over the past few decades, satellite-derived information has become an integral part of our daily life. It is difficult to imagine how crude and inaccurate weather forecasts would be without the daily satellite feeds that drive the complex models on which weather forecasts are based, and of course the satellite images themselves have revolutionized how we view the movement (and scale) of weather patterns. Similarly, satellite technology has become such an essential and commonplace component of global telecommunications, television, and Internet systems that few give a second thought to the technology behind these marvels. Google Earth now provides detailed images on our television and computer screens of far-off places using high-resolution satellite images. In addition, GPS systems based on satellites now enable even "directionally challenged" drivers to head their cars to the desired destination and make it possible to locate and track people in the most remote and inaccessible locations. Satellite technology also has had profound impacts on the Earth sciences and on science-based management of natural resources. For example, Landsat imagery has been used for several decades to analyze land-use and land-cover patterns, estimate crop production, and monitor forest health. More recently, the MODIS satellites have been used to estimate terrestrial primary production on a continental scale and to monitor oceanic levels of chlorophyll on a global scale. Satellites also provide essential hydrologic information (e.g., snow pack, rainfall, and evapotranspiration estimates) for water resources management. Despite many efforts reported in the scientific literature during the past three decades, however, procedures using satellite imagery to measure surface water quality have not been adopted on a routine basis. For the past nine years, we have been working with colleagues Measuring Water Clarity and Quality in Minnesota Lakes and Rivers: A Census-Based Approach Using Remote-Sensing Techniques


The invention relates to a material of a process for obtaining comprising a substrate coated on at least a portion of at least one of its faces at least a functional layer, said method comprising: - a step of depositing the or each functional layer and - a step of depositing a sacrificial layer on said at least one functional layer, then - a heat treatment step by means of a radiation having at least a processing wavelength between 200 and 2500 nm, said sacrificial layer being in contact with the air during this heat treatment step, said sacrificial layer being such that before heat treatment it absorbs at least a portion of said radiation at said at least one processing wavelength and that after heat treatment is capable of being dissolved in a solvent.


Angiostrongyliasis cantonensis(AC)can cause eosinophilia and pathophysiology progress in non-permissive hosts,such as mouse,infected wit,in which IL-5,MMP-9 and PAs have been involved.And the disease is also called e- osinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis(EM).Elucidating the mechanism of AC and EM can contribute to revealing pathophysiology and developing strategies for the treatment of human angiostrongyliasis.


Abstract : This report presents three case studies which can serve as a guide for using operational changes of artillery and demolition to reduce noise impacts at Army installations. In each case study, the initial and final noise impact is documented by computer-generated equal noise contours. The operational changes which produced the reduction or shift in contours are described and their impact estimated. The case studies demonstrate, respectively: a general reduction in operations; a shift in operations away from noise sensitive areas; and a concentration of operations toward the center of the installation. The large effect night operations have on the C-weighted day and night average sound level is clearly shown by the examples. The relative importance of the larger weapons is also shown. (Author)


In this letter, we propose a distributed decoding algorithm for the coded slotted ALOHA multiple access scheme. To recover the transmitted packets, the proposed algorithm applies a swap and a back substitution operation on each received packet. As a result, the hidden information in the collided packets can be drawn out immediately to help the decoding, and a high throughput can be achieved. The decoding error probability of the proposed algorithm is analyzed, and the corresponding lower bound is derived. It is shown that compared with the successive interference cancellation decoding algorithm, the proposed algorithm is able to significantly improve the throughput with nearly the same recover time.


The diagnosis and maintenance of in-service power transformers is important for a safe and reliable of electrical power supply. Several testing and diagnostic measurement tools have been developed to detect ageing of insulation system due to thermal and electrical stresses as well as incipient faults which can increase the risk of transformer failure. The dielectric response measurement either in time and frequency domain were widely used presently to determine and assess the condition of insulation system. This paper presents the analysis result of dielectric response and conductivity of mineral insulating oil under overheating condition using time domain technique known as Polarization and Depolarization Current (PDC) measurement. The analysis results found that the insulating with overheating condition has higher polarization and depolarization current magnitude. In addition, the calculated conductivity demonstrated that overheating oil sample has higher conductivity level compared to normal oil sample.


Vector optimization problems with control parametra are considered under generalized convexity condition.The relation of Benson proper solution and the optimal solutions of scalarization problems is studied,and necessary and sufficiate conditions for Benson proper solution are obtaioned.


This article is the second in an investigation of the reorganisation of a psychiatric service to a community psychiatric service. Before and after the reorganisation there was a local service situated within the catchment area, which changed to community psychiatry and in which the number of staff was increased substantially. A central service at a mental hospital situated about 100 km outside the area remained unchanged. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the new service was capable of finding and treating as many mentally ill and especially as many severely mentally ill patients as the former service diagnosed on the basis of criteria for poor social network, severe social dysfunction, and severe objective burden/subjective distress on relatives. The new community psychiatric service within the catchment area did accept significantly fewer patients with poor social network, patients with the worst possibilities for social functioning, patients who were the most dissatisfied with their soci...


The formation of space charge in oil/paper insulation system can lead to material degradation in the high electrical field region and affect system reliability. Therefore, it is important to understand factors that affect space charge formation in oil/paper insulation system. In the present study the effect of thermally aged oil on space charge dynamics in oil/paper insulation system has been investigated using the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) technique under different dc electrical fields at room temperature. The condition of oil was characterised. The ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectrum of oil shifts to visible wavelength and the oil acidity increased as the ageing time increased. It has been found that oil property has a significant effect on the space charge distribution of oil/paper insulation system. The more the deterioration of the oil and the higher the applied voltage, the larger the amount of negative charge injected into the paper near to the cathode and the positive charge accumulated at the paperpaper interface near to the cathode. The maximum electric field strength for oil/paper sample with seriously aged oil under 4kV and 6kV is more than 20% higher than its average electric field strength.


The present paper is devoted to studying the condition for a Finsler space with the second approximate Matsumoto metric to be a Berwald space and to be a Douglas space.


The invention relates to a breakdown failure positioning method of a GIS on-site voltage withstand test based on a vibration test. A plurality of vibration sensors are distributed on a GIS outer shell within a test range to carry out monitoring, the vibration signals generated when a GIS breakdown failure occurs are collected, and failure positioning is carried out by comparing the amplitude difference and time difference between monitoring point signals. Compared with the prior art, the breakdown failure positioning method of the GIS on-site voltage withstand test based on the vibration test has the advantages of being high in test accuracy and saving the trouble of large-area detachment examination by achieving failure positioning through the vibration test, thereby effectively improving the on-site construction progress, and meanwhile eliminating quality hidden risks caused by large-area detachment.


in this book to reflect an array of life experiences emerging from very different social contexts, ranging from "suburban plenty to the rural working class to urban poverty, as well as a variety of family types including a classic white nuclear family, a blended stepfamily, and an African American extended kinship network" (p. 5). The book is divided into eight sections. After a short introduction, the first chapter presents a theoretical foundation consisting of a developmentally sequenced discussion of the cognitive, emotional, and social aspects of identity and self-concept formation from infancy through middle childhood. Crowley discusses the developmentally specific impact of sexual abuse at each stage of development, and accords attention to the roles of race and ethnicity, and to the limitations of current research and theory in accounting for these influences on identity development. The second chapter picks up where the previous one ended by summarizing the evolution of adolescent identity formation theories, incorporating the feminist literature on gender differences in development. The chapter concludes with a discussion of qualitative and empirical studies on the impact of sexual abuse on development. Chapters 3 through 5 each focus on the life story of one of the young women interviewed, using narrative material to illustrate each woman's struggle to claim her own identity in the aftermath of childhood sexual abuse. The final two chapters provide an integrative synthesis of the narrative material and the academic literatures, concluding with a lively scholarly discussion that addresses the implications of this work for conceptual and theoretical discourse on sexual abuse and identity formation, highlighting the roles of race and gender. I thoroughly enjoyed reading M. Sue Crowley's book. She should be commended for crafting a very engaging, well-written book that is accessible to a wide range of audiences, yet does not sacrifice scholarship in the service of readability. Another clear strength of the book was the interweaving of personal narratives with scholarly literature, lending richness, depth, and a human face to the more abstract content derived from theoretical and conceptual models of identity formation and its disruption in the wake of childhood sexual trauma. On a substantive note, the author pushes the reader to reconsider the relationship between autonomy and intimacy. Through her thesis that autonomy and intimacy are not opposites, but rather exist in relation to one another as dialectic, Crowley provides a valuable and provocative reframe. A limitation of the book, clearly acknowledged by the author, is the lack of generalizability from the life stories of three sexual abuse survivors to the broader population of incest survivors. Nonetheless, the themes that emerged from the interviews have implications for the continued refinement of extant theories and for developing culturally informed research aimed at elucidating the pathways along which self-identities are formed and/or disrupted as a consequence of childhood sexual trauma. While much empirical research addressed the outcomes of childhood sexual abuse, this book tackles the complexities of process situated within a developmental framework. The strong, resilient voices of the three survivors remind us of the human capacity for strength and courage in the face of adversity. These three women were able to forge individual identities, discover agency, and establish intimate connections in a process that was dialectical and ongoing. I applaud the focus on resiliency and recognize that clinical psychology has been remiss at times by focusing on pathology, yet I was left with the (false?) sense that "triumph over adversity" is normative for women who have survived childhood sexual abuse. While this may reflect my bias for nomothetic over idiographic research, I nevertheless felt concerned that naïve readers would erroneously conclude that the damage of incest on one's developing self is overcome for most young women living with the legacy of childhood sexual abuse. One way to overcome this limitation in a classroom setting is to pair this book with others addressing the full range of outcomes.


We showed that advanced distortion-invariant filters such as OTSDF and DCCF filters can be used in conjunction with circular filters to obtain rotation-invariant correlation filters. The combination allows the calculation of OTSDF and DCCF filters to be greatly simplified when compared to using rotated views of an object to create a filter. The performance of the filters were different yet overall comparable indicating that perhaps different training data could have altered the results. In addition, the filters generated were real-valued so they may be implemented on a wider variety of SLMs usually associated with general distortion-invariant filters.


In March of 1993 there was a considerable amount of
public attention focused on an unusual anomaly associated
with GPS-PRN-19. Non differential GPS users did not
notice a bias introduced by PRN-19 as it was within the
specified SPS accuracy. However, when PRN-19 was
included in a L1 C/A differential equipment solution it
would offset the position from 3 to 8 meters depending on different types of user equipment. The intent of this paper
is to describe that anomaly in general terms and focus on
the process and organizations involved in the anomaly
resolution used at that time. Further, the intent is to
recognize the contributions of the civilian organizations
and credit those civil individuals involved in the
resolution of this anomaly.


The structure and properties of a polypropylene microporous film prepared by biaxial stretching of non-porous polypropylene film of high β-crystal content were investigated. The porosity of these films can be as high as 30–40%, and the average pore size was around 0.05 μm. The films were found to have the structure of a two-phase interpenetrating network; both the polypropylene and the pore regions were three-dimensionally continuous. The advantages of the biaxially stretched microporous films are the combination of high permeability to fluids with good mechanical properties and almost circular pore shape with narrow pore size distribution. The application of this microporous film for battery separators, filtration membranes and substrates of functional polymer composites is discussed.


Modern times require bilingual or multilingual people, especially for those who want to stand out in fields of education, science, technology, business among others; besides, the world of information requires people who domain at list two languages because the world of communications has broken the barriers of the space and time, hence people want to communicate from place to another without frontiers. Studies done by the Kai L.* demonstrates that the most spoken languages worldwide range among the Mandarin Chinese, Spanish, English and French, among others; information that has to be taken into account in the academic environment.
Likewise, The Bilingualism and New Trends: English, the window to the world, Congress of the Santo Tomas University-Tunja propitiated an academic space where teachers and students could join together around the teaching and languages experiences, having in mind that this is a component that schools and universities have in a transversal way in their curriculums. This event also left in the audience and presenters the restlessness about the importance to lean another language and also the expectations to inquire through research procedures in order to improve the practice of different languages.
Additionally, it is important to motivate the languages acquisition because this is a factor that influences the development of the countries. However, it is not an easy task for teachers to motivate the language acquisition in out context; as English teachers, we perceive that most of our students are not conscious about being bilingual, some of them assume that if they are not going to travel abroad, it is not necessary, but when they face the work environment, they understand that the companies are requiring workers with languages knowledge proficiency.


Safflower(Carthamus tinctorius) grafted on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) on pollination with sunflower pollen gave three seeds out of which one developed into a plant. Like safflower, the pollen mother cells of hybrid plant formed 1211 separating regularly. It has normal pollen and seed fertility. The putative hybrid plant resembled mother plant (safflower) for most of the morphological traits except that it has a few bifurcated and less spiny leaves, slight pubescence and reddish tinge on white stem and relatively taller than either of the parent. However, none of these new traits could be transmitted in the F2. The normal diploid safflower plant appeared in the safflower X sunflower hybrid may be due to diploidization of egg nucleus giving rise to parthenogenetic diploid embryo.


—This paper presents a Gaussian mixture implementation method of the standard cardinality-balanced multi-target multi-Bernoulli (CBMeMBer) filter for addressing the multi-target tracking (MTT) problems with non-Gaussian model noises. With non-Gaussian model noises approximated by the weighted sum of Gaussian distributions, the closed-form recursions to the CBMeMBer filter are derived by using the Gaussian mixture expressions. The advantage of the proposed algorithm over the sequential Monte Carlo CBMeMBer (SMC-CBMeMBer) filter is that it can track multiple targets with similar tracking accuracies and significant reductions in computing time. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been verified with the comparison results of numerical simulations.


Signaling lipids present in cellular membranes act as important regulators of biological processes and have been implicated in the onset of numerous diseases. A common role of these lipids is the recruitment of proteins to the cell membrane surface through binding events that generally regulate protein function and localization. While understanding these interactions at the molecular level is of great interest, such efforts are hindered by the complexity of the membrane environment in which binding occurs. Towards this end, chemical strategies will be presented by which protein–membrane recognition events can be efficiently characterized. Firstly, the development and application of lipid activity probes for the proteomic identification of lipid‐binding proteins will be described. In addition, microarray platforms for the characterization of protein‐membrane binding interactions will be presented. Finally, strategies for the labeling and detection of lipids in native environments will also be discussed.


During the course of some field studies on hibernation in the Chicago region,[*][1] interest was aroused in the muscid fly, Pyrellia serena Meigen,[†][2] because of its frequent occurrence in the field and because of its massed method of hibernation. It was thought that this species could possibly be reared in the laboratory and used as experimental material, but unfortunately its life history was unknown. A number of observations were made on its hibernation, and an attempt was made to learn something of the rest of its life history and habits. Although this project was not completed, some data were obtained which seem to be worth recording. These data were obtained chiefly by field observation, but a few experiments were also performed in the laboratory.

 [1]: #fn-1
 [2]: #fn-2


In this paper, we focus on comparing the first and second Zagreb-Fermat eccentricity indices of graphs. We show that $$\frac{\sum_{uv\in E\left( G \right)}{\varepsilon_3\left( u \right) \varepsilon_3\left( v \right)}}{m\left( G \right)} \leq \frac{\sum_{u\in V\left( G \right)}{\varepsilon_{3}^{2}\left( u \right)}}{n\left( G \right)} $$ holds for all acyclic and unicyclic graphs. Besides, we verify that the inequality may not be applied to graphs with at least two cycles.


The invention discloses a forming method of a fin field effect transistor. The method comprises the steps as follows: a semiconductor substrate is provided; at least one fin part is arranged on the surface of the semiconductor substrate; a gate structure is formed on the semiconductor substrate, stretches across at least one fin part, and covers the side wall and the top of the fin part; a source region and a drain region are formed in each of the fin parts at two sides of the gate structure; a packing layer is formed on the semiconductor substrate and the gate structure; a first through hole is formed in the packing layer; the source region or the drain region of the at least one fin part is exposed at the bottom of the first through hole; the upper half part of the fin part exposed at the bottom of the first through hole is treated, so that the top surface of the fin part is a smooth regular cambered surface; the upper half part of the fin part is treated and removed; the top surface of the lower half part of the fin part is the smooth regular cambered surface; and a semiconductor material layer is formed on the lower half part of the fin part. By the forming method of the fin field effect transistor disclosed by the invention, the performance of the fin field effect transistor can be improved.


In endoscopy, where access to the operative site is limited, endoscopic manipulation is guided by the restricted view of the operative site displayed on a video monitor. When the displayed anatomy is not immediately distinguished by any recognisable features or landmarks, or when the image is rotated with respect to the surgeon's perspective of the operative site, surgeons often become disoriented. The objectives of this research are to examine cognitive factors related to spatial disorientation in endoscopic manipulation, to determine the informational requirements of the surgeon to effectively perform mental rotations and mappings, and, to augment the endoscopic display with this information to facilitate navigation and orientation during endoscopy.


Abstract The problem of the recursive identification of MIMO state space models in the framework of subspace methods is considered in this article. Two new algorithms, based on a recursive formulation of the MOESP identification class, are more precisely developed. The specific feature of these methods is that they share a single algorithm to recursively estimate a basis of the observability matrix. Two propagator based (Murder and Delisle, 1991) criteria are introduced. A sequential RLS algorithm is proposed to equally minimise these cost functions. The benefits of these new techniques in comparison with EIVPAST and UDPAST (Lovera et al. , 2000) are emphasized with a simulation example.


Two-dimensional numerical computations were carried out to clarify the influence of magnetizing force for air in a vertical cylindrical container with the thermal and magnetic field gradients under gravitational and non-gravitational fields. Several axial position of the electric coil was tested for numerical computation. In a vertical cylindrical container with the stagnant conduction and the Benard conditions, the aerial flow was able to be controlled by the magnetizing force under both gravitational and non-gravitational fields. The flow pattern and the heat transfer rate strongly depended on the axial position of the electric coil.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


This paper presents a novel strategy for the vector control of IPMSM, without signal injection. The overall performance of the motion-sensorless control depends strongly on the accuracy of the rotor position and speed estimation. The proposed state observer is based on the concept of the ldquoactive fluxrdquo (or ldquotorque producing fluxrdquo), which ldquoturns all the salient-pole rotor ac machines into nonsalient-pole onesrdquo. As well as giving a detailed explanation of the concept, the paper demonstrates, through a wide range of experimental results, the effectiveness of the active flux observer under half full rated torque operating conditions in 2 rpm-1000 rpm speed range.


Electron beam spectroscopy has recently attracted much attention in the modal analysis of nanophotonic and plasmonic systems. In principle, electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) provides information about the electromagnetic local density of states of all sorts of electromagnetic modes as well as nonradiative modes. However, there have not been many examples related to the EELS analyses for electromagnetic Bloch modes. Herein, EELS measurements are performed for the characterization of nonradiative band-edge modes facing the first bandgap in a plasmonic crystal with a triangular lattice, which is well-known for its full bandgap formation. The obtained spectrum images clearly determine the characteristics of the lower and upper band-edge modes, compared with an analytical model based on group theory and a numerical simulation by the finite-difference time-domain method. The EELS spectra also reveal differences in the plasmonic density of states between the lower and upper band-edges, which provides info...


Autoimmune diabetes in the popular nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse results from a T-cell–mediated destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells (1) and serves as a model for human type 1 diabetes (2,3). The mechanisms that initiate early peri-islet inflammation and the destructive components that arise later specifically targeting β-cells occur naturally in NOD mice (2,3). Two obstacles hinder our progress in unraveling the rudiments of type 1 diabetes: 1 ) the identification of the antigens involved in the earliest stages of autoimmunity and 2 ) the event(s) that provokes the initial autoimmunity and loss of homeostasis in the islets. The hope has been that the former would aid in sorting out the latter.

The NOD mouse provides us with a framework for understanding T-cell–mediated autoimmune diseases in general. Discovering the nature of the initial organ-infiltrating cells is a key to the prevention of inflammatory autoimmune disease. Does spontaneous insulitis, which precedes type 1 diabetes, begin by a random accumulation of lymphocytes into the pancreatic islets, or is there an essential temporal pattern to the activation and recruitment of organ-specific lymphocytes? An answer to this question seems essential to our grasping the complexities of disease susceptibility and onset. Infectious agents have long been postulated to have a role as incendiary triggers for abnormal tissue inflammation and the genesis of a tissue-specific adaptive autoimmune/immune response. Either through …


In a study of journal bearings, the measurement of the oil-film strength produces some significant information. A new instrument is described by means of which the pressure of the oil film in bearings (under constant or alternating load) can be measured and recorded. With this device, the pressure distribution in the lubricating film of a bearing bushing was measured (under different operating conditions on a journal bearing) in the pulsator-bearing-testing machine. These tests are described and discussed in the present report.


The Cenozoic history of the Antarctic is recorded largely in the sedimentary basins of the Antarctic continental shelf. The seismic data across these basins are particularly important in defining the development of the cryosphere over the past 35 million years, as direct sampling of the sediments is limited to cores from only a few drill holes. The geometry and character of the seismic stratigraphy are used to infer glacial processes and the age of these events. In order to have a consistent circum-Antarctic interpretation of past glacial and tectonic events, a consistent seismic stratigraphy is needed.


The authors studied three horses with equine laminitis that had an affected hoof on the front right side and an unaffected hoof on the back right side which were diagnosed by X-ray examination. Three other horses with 6 unaffected hooves on the front and back left side were also studied as a control by scanning electron and light microscopy. changed. The dermis contained a dilated venous and edematous arterial wall. In the spinous layer of the epidermis, thickening due to progressive proliferation and edematous degeneration were found. The cells of the spinous layer had abundant keratohyalin granules in their cytoplasm.


The control of oxygen content and composition and the transformation conditions of non-metallic inclusions in gear steel are calculated with the thermodynamic calculation software Factsage.The results show that the composition of non-metallic inclusions with high plasticity in 20CrMoH steel is as follows(mass fraction): SiO2 0% to 10%,Al2O3 22% to 55%,CaO 42% to 60%,and MgO 5% to 10%.Under this condition,the mass fraction of aluminum in molten steel is above 0.020%,that of calcium is above 0.7×10-6,and the activity of oxygen in molten steel is about 0.000 5%.If the compositions of refining slag with CaO40%,Al2O3≤37%,MgO 10%,(%CaO+%MgO)/%SiO2=10,and the SiO2 content as low as possible are selected,Al2O3 and MgO·Al2O3 in molten steel can transform into calcium aluminates with low melting point.It is found that the contents of T[O] at the end of LF and RH refining both decrease with the increase in slag basicity,and the content of T[O] decreases with increasing the content of Al2O3 in the slag.In the refining process,the composition of the non-metallic inclusions changes in order of "inclusions of the Al2O3 system→inclusions of the MgO-Al2O3 system→inclusions of the CaO-MgO-Al2O3 system",among which the change of inclusions of the MgO-Al2O3 system to inclusions of the CaO-MgO-Al2O3 system is inwardly from the outside surface and the reaction speed is relatively slower.Thus,at the end of the ladle furnace refining(LF),there are still many unchanged MgO-Al2O3 system inclusions.The T[O] content of the steel significantly affects the composition change of the inclusions and decreasing T[O] content favors the change of inclusions.


The invention relates to a thermal conductor (16) for an inter-wall space (14) of a lateral body of a container (2) for transporting and/or storing radioactive materials, the conductor (16) comprising a member (30) crossing the inter-wall space (14) and a connecting member (32) that bears against one (20) of the internal and external walls of the lateral body, the member (32) having points (36) for fastening to the wall (20) spaced apart from each other along a longitudinal direction of the conductor. According to the invention, the member (32) is split into segments along the longitudinal direction so as to define sections (32a) separated from each other by slits (40) arranged between the fastening points (36), each slit (40) extending through the strut member (30) and defining a closed end of this slit.


Weld samples imitating the inservice girth welds in station (L245 straight pipe jointed to WPHY-70 tee joint and L415MB straight pipe jointed to WPHY-80 tee joint) were prepared. Tensile, bending, impact toughness and hardness of the joints were investigated. Results show that under tensile or bending load, failure occurred from the side with lower grade and smaller wall thickness. Relatived to the lower grade side, the weld seam is strong match. Significant change of impact toughness can be found in weld seam center and the heat affected zones (HAZ). The impact energy of seam center is the lowest in the weld joint. The impact energy show a trend of increase from seam center to base metal. In HAZ zone, impact toughness of the fusion line is the lowest. Impact toughness of higher grade side is higher than that of the lower grade side. Hardness of positions in HAZ zones are different distinctly. From coarse grained region to fine grained region, the hardness decrease. For the in-station girth welds jointed with different materials, lower grade and samller wall thickness side should be intensive monitored.


The dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic vary due to local population density and policy measures. When making decisions, policy makers consider an estimate of the effective reproduction number R_t which is the expected number of secondary infections by a single infected individual. We propose a simple method for estimating the time-varying infection rate and reproduction number R_t using a sliding window approach applied to a Susceptible-Infectious-Removed model. The infection rate is estimated using the reported cases for a seven-day window to obtain continuous estimation of R_t. We demonstrate that the proposed adaptive SIR (aSIR) model can quickly adapt to an increase in the number of tests and associated increase in the reported cases of infections. Our results also suggest that intensive testing may be one of the effective methods of reducing R_t. The aSIR model was applied to data at the state and county levels.


In a method for battery state determination a statistical review on at least one determined characteristic variable (Z) for the battery state by means of a statistical process control is carried out.


A one-parameter family of exact solutions describing the bifurcation of a steady two-dimensional current with uniform vorticity near a gap in a thin barrier is found. The unsteady evolution of source-driven flows toward these steady states is studied using a version of contour dynamics, appropriately modified to take into account the presence of a barrier with a single gap. It is shown that some of the steady solutions are realizable as large-time limits of the source-driven flows, although some are not owing to persistent eddy-shedding events in the vicinity of the gap. For the special case when there is zero net flux through the gap, numerical experiments show that the through-gap flux of vortical fluid increases with the width of the gap and that this flux approaches a steady limit with time.


Calibration of gaze estimation systems has proven to be a key process in high-end systems. Now that the research effort is focused on low-cost systems, which are closer to the end-user and their day-to-day life, it is necessary to rethink a theoretical framework adapted to this new reality. This document details the proposal of a doctoral thesis focused on the dissection of the calibration process in low-cost systems, its importance and working line.


The objective of this article is an analysis of the speeches given in the face of the difficult link between MSMEs and HEIs, the UTCV case for the development of scientific projects and the completion of theses related to MSMEs, and thereby contribute to the strengthening the business organization in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic that occurred throughout the world and is present in different spaces, business, educational, among others, however, the study is limited in describing the problems given in technological higher education and their interaction with micro-entrepreneurs in the development of academic projects, the measures adopted for the fulfillment of academic and bonding activities, from a perspective on the insertion of information technologies, tools and means of organization as adjustments to educational models and processes. The methodology used is mixed with a correlational descriptive approach, through the use of bibliographic information sources for the realization of theoretical support, likewise the focus group tool was used, considering the teachers who stayed in May-August 2020. The results showed the perception of businessmen and teachers of stays linked to MSMEs, their impact and development in the face of the pandemic. The contribution is achieved once the literature and results obtained from the focus group have been reviewed, which allows establishing the degree of flexibility for the implementation of new processes to MSMEs, which allows an area of opportunity to generate interaction of scientific projects with MSMEs, as well as the forms of interaction given to COVID-19.


The development of Flexible A C Transmission System (FACTS) devices in electrical power systems has increased over the past decade because of its multiple advantages like reliability, enhancing power transfer capability, improving security and compensating for reactive power. Though the FACTS devices having many merits, its efficiency can be derived only when the size and location is optimal. Among many FACTS devices available, this paper emphasizes on third generation of FACTS devices i.e. Unified Power Flow controller(UPFC) because of its merits like it improves the voltage stability, reduces the real power losses etc. The optimum location and size of UPFC in the power system is discussed in this paper using L-Index, evolutionary optimization techniques such as Non-Sorting Dominated Particle Swarm Optimization (NSPSO) and Firefly algorithm (FFA). The focal point is to improve the power quality by reduce the real power losses of transmission line and maintain voltage stability. The minimization of real power losses of transmission line and voltage variations are recognized as basic priority. By using the IEEE 14 bus network the feasibility of NSPSO , FFA are tested by selecting 125%, 150%, 175% and 200% overloading cases. For all cases of loadings NSPSO and FFA are compared by that it is concluded that NSPSO becomes an effective method to identify UPFC size, location as well as to reduce real power losses including improving the stability of the system than FFA.


Objective : This study was conducted to analyse the impact of individual values on future time perceptions of nursing students. Method : The descriptive and correlational study was conducted 270 nursing students attending a state university of Central Anatolia Region in Turkey. Students' ages ranged from 18 to 30 years (Mean age= 20.74 ±1.69). Data were collected from April 2018 to June 2018 using a questionnaire and two questionnaires: Future Time Perception Scale (FTP) and Values Scale (VS). Results : Findings indicated that students had high scores in future time and value perceptions. It was determined that the future time perception scores of the male students and the value perceptions of the female students were higher than the others and various subdimensions of scales scores of the last year students were higher compared to the scores of students of other grades also that the Future Time Perception Scale' scores increased as the academic success increased and that the Values Scale' scores of the students who chose the profession on purpose were higher. Moreover, it was determined that there is a strong positive correlation between the Future Time Perception Scale and the Values Scale and that as the values perception increases the future time levels also increase. Conclusion : This study can indicate that the students to gain future time perception and individual perception of values are an important factor in them shaping their lives.


Three kinds of dicationic imidazolium ionic liquids(ILs) linked with different carbon chains were synthesized.An SRV-IV type friction and wear tester was performed to evaluate the tribological properties of as-synthesized ILs at elevated temperatures from 50 ℃ to 350 ℃ and at a constant temperature of 250 ℃.The morphology and elemental composition of the wear scars were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Results indicate that,as compared with the friction and wear test at varied temperatures,the tests at a constant temperature of 250 ℃ are more effective in differentiating the tribological properties of dicationic imidazolium ILs at elevated temperatures.In the meantime,the dicationic imidazolium ILs linked with alkyl bridge possessed better friction-reducing and anti-wear abilities than those linked with polyethylene glycol,and decreasing length of the alkyl linking chain of the dicationic ILs can improve their tribological properties.


and the potential harm of screening. The evidence base for mortality benefit in screening studies to date, supported by modeling studies, is described. Similarly, the evidence base for potential harms, including the consequences of false-positive findings, radiation exposure, psychological distress, and overdiagnosis, is also described. An understanding of the balance between benefit and potential harm is critical to the discussion that should occur between providers and patients when lung cancer screening is considered, and health policy in the United States now mandates this discussion (2). Whether outcomes of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) relating to evaluation of screen-detected nodules, including the number of invasive procedures and surgeries, will be reproduced once screening is generalized to the broader community will be known only if those outcomes are monitored prospectively. Successful implementation of screening registries, as recommended by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, may ensure such outcomes are objectively measured. We agree with the comment that follow-up of positive screening findings with low-dose computed tomography scans will reduce the cumulative radiation dose, and that advances in imaging technology will minimize radiation exposure, as was stated in the review. With regard to screening individuals who do not meet the criteria of NLST, we agree that some individuals will have objectively quantifiable lung cancer risks that exceed the average risk of the NLST study population (3–5). Lung cancer risk varies even within the NLST study population, with the important observation that most of the mortality benefit was achieved in those subgroups with quantifiable highest risk, whereas the entire study population, including those at lower risk, was subject to potential harm (6). Although Drs. Zulueta and de-Torres argue that "there is no evidence that screening individuals with different criteria [than those tested in a randomized controlled trial] would not be effective," we would caution that there is no evidence that screening individuals with different criteria is effective. In such cases, the benefit is unknown but potential harm exists; in fairness to the patient, a balanced discussion acknowledging both should occur. n


In this paper we present reclaimID: An architecture that allows users to reclaim their digital identities by securely sharing identity attributes without the need for a centralised service provider. We propose a design where user attributes are stored in and shared over a name system under user-owned namespaces. Attributes are encrypted using attribute-based encryption (ABE), allowing the user to selectively authorize and revoke access of requesting parties to subsets of his attributes. We present an implementation based on the decentralised GNU Name System (GNS) in combination with ciphertext-policy ABE using type-1 pairings. To show the practicality of our implementation, we carried out experimental evaluations of selected implementation aspects including attribute resolution performance. Finally, we show that our design can be used as a standard OpenID Connect Identity Provider allowing our implementation to be integrated into standard-compliant services.


Variants within genes encoding structural and regulatory elements of ligaments have been associated with musculoskeletal soft tissue injury risk. The role of intron 4‐exon 5 variants within the α1 chain of type V collagen (COL5A1) gene and genes of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) family, TGFBR3 and TGFBI, was investigated on the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. A case‐control genetic association study was performed on 210 control (CON) and 249 participants with surgically diagnosed ruptures (ACL), of which 147 reported a noncontact mechanism of injury (NON). Whole‐exome sequencing data were used to prioritize variants of potential functional relevance. Genotyping for COL5A1 (rs3922912 G>A, rs4841926 C>T, and rs3124299 C>T), TGFBR3 (rs1805113 G>A and rs1805117 T>C), and TGFBI (rs1442 G>C) was performed using Taqman SNP genotyping assays. Significant overrepresentation of the G allele of TGFBR3 rs1805113 was observed in CON vs ACL (P = .014) and NON groups (P = .021). Similar results were obtained in a female with the G allele (CON vs ACL: P = .029; CON vs NON: P = .016). The TGFBI rs1442 CC genotype was overrepresented in the female ACL vs CON (P = .013). Associations of inferred allele combinations were observed in line with the above results. COL5A1 intron 4‐exon 5 genomic interval was not associated with the risk of ACL ruptures. Instead, this novel study is the first to use this approach to identify variants within the TGF‐β signaling pathway to be implicated in the risk of ACL ruptures. A genetic susceptibility interval was identified to be explored in the context of extracellular matrix remodeling.


Pseudotype viruses (PVs) are chimeric, replication-deficient virions that mimic wild-type virus entry mechanisms and can be safely employed in neutralisation assays, bypassing the need for high biosafety requirements and performing comparably to established serological assays. However, PV supernatant necessitates ?80?C long-term storage and cold-chain maintenance during transport, which limits the scope of dissemination and application throughout resource-limited laboratories. We therefore investigated the effects of lyophilisation on influenza, rabies and Marburg PV stability, with a view to developing a pseudotype virus neutralisation assay (PVNA) based kit suitable for affordable global distribution. Infectivity of each PV was calculated after lyophilisation and immediate reconstitution, as well as subsequent to incubation of freeze-dried pellets at varying temperatures, humidities and timepoints. Integrity of glycoprotein structure following treatment was also assessed by employing lyophilised PVs in downstream PVNAs. In the presence of 0.5 M sucrose–PBS cryoprotectant, each freeze-dried pseudotype was stably stored for 4 weeks at up to 37?C and could be neutralised to the same potency as unlyophilised PVs when employed in PVNAs. Further to this, the ongoing outbreak of Ebola virus in West Africa has exacerbated the need for assays that will permit the virus to be studied more widely in low containment laboratories. To address this we have generated a panel of Ebolavirus PVs and shown them to be sensitive to neutralisation by monoclonal antibodies. These results confirm the viability of a freeze-dried PVNA-based kit and suggest filovirus PV are a suitable source of antigen for neutralisation assays. This could significantly facilitate low-cost, widely applicable serology for a wide portfolio of emerging infectious viruses (www.viralpseudotypeunit.info).


This summary reports on the one-day Workshop on Testing Distributed Componem-Based Systems (TDCS) that took place in affiliation with the International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) in Los Angeles in May 1999. The workshop dealt with new advances m test methods and test technologies for the emerging class of &stributed component-based systems that are built on basis of middleware software like COM, CORBA, or Java RMI, including syslems comprising Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components The around thirty workshop attendees discussed what efforts m software technology and research are required to cope with testing such systems. Twelve papers out of nineteen submissions were presented.


A number of recent discoveries have focused attention on questions relating to when and for what primary purposes fire was first used. The claim made in 1947 by Professor Raymond Dart (1952) that Australopithecus was a fire-user has been re-examined, but without confirmation. Briefly the relevant evidence is as follows. In 1925 Professor Dart received pieces of bone breccia which had been collected by Mr W. I. Eitzman at limeworks in the Makapansgat Valley near Potgietersrust in the Central Transvaal. As some of the fragments of bone had a charred appearance Professor Dart suspected that the breccia was a cave deposit containing hearths of early man. He submitted some of the blackened fragments for analysis to Dr J. Moir of the Government Chemical Laboratory, and to Dr F. W. Fox of the South African Institute for Medical Research. They found that when the material was dissolved in acid there was a residue of black particles which could be transformed into carbon dioxide. This was proof that the blackness of the bone fragments was due to free carbon, and in the circumstances it was naturally held to indicate that the bones were charred (Dart, 1925).


The authors of this book never state for whom their text is intended; as reviewers representing a range of involvement with child psychiatry and pediatrics, we can recommend it to no particular group. Among the book's very genuine assets are its breadth of scope, clinical orientation, extensive references, and eminently readable format. Unfortunately, the volume's inaccuracies, simplifications, and distortions make it an unreliable reference for pediatricians.
 No theoretical framework of child development and its disturbances is presented.


The Rothstein code data transformation method is a largely forgotten and underutilized method originally theorized from optics and retinal recruitment. The code is a binary representation of the slope of a line or scaling factor and can transform data and images similar to matrix multiplications except with built-in interpolations. The theoretical validation of the method presented in the original publications is complex however we can borrow from quantum theory of the dual nature of light, particle and wave, to simplify the understanding. This approach is presented along with the demonstration of the method for digital resampling of data for signal processing applications, for matrix scaling such as for the management of discordant data sets, and for image processing.


CMOS active pixel sensors are being investigated for their potential use in the ATLAS inner tracker upgrade at the HL-LHC. The new inner tracker will have to handle a significant increase in luminosity while maintaining a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio and pulse shaping times. This paper focuses on the prototype chip "HVStripV1" (manufactured in the AMS HV-CMOS 350nm process) characterization before and after irradiation up to fluence levels expected for the strip region in the HL-LHC environment. The results indicate an increase of depletion region after irradiation for the same bias voltage by a factor of ≈2.4 and ≈2.8 for two active pixels on the test chip. There was also a notable increase in noise levels from 85 e− to 386 e− and from 75 e− to 277 e− for the corresponding pixels.


Acute respiratory illness developed in 6 persons with evidence of previous infection with Histoplasma capsulatum after working on a site known to be contaminated with the fungus. the patients had typical symptoms and an appropriate incubation period for acute pulmonary histoplasmosis. in addition, 4 of the men had a twofold or greater increase in the serum complement fixation titer; 2 had a diffuse pulmonary infiltrate, and Histoplasma capsulatum was seen microscopically in sections of lung tissue of one of the patients. the duration of symptoms varied from 3 days to 3 weeks. There were no deaths, but 2 patients were hospitalized because of abnormal chest films and one of them underwent diagnostic thoracotomy. Acute pulmonary reinfection with histoplasmosis is uncommon, but it does occur. Persons with a reactive histoplasmin skin test are at risk if the exposure is large enough.


The present invention relates to the manufacture crosslinked polyolefin blend, a method of manufacturing the same, and products therefrom. In one specific embodiment, the polyolefin blend includes a second polymer formed from the first polymer and the second reactor is formed in the first reactor. The first and second polymers as well as blends thereof may comprise units from propylene, ethylene, and dienes. Then, the blended composition is crosslinked by being one or more co-crosslinking agents, it can be blended with antioxidants and / or other additives, preferably exposed to photons of Energy. The polymers are crosslinked is useful especially for producing fibers, films and nonwovens.


Consistent with the 'looking back, moving forward' conference theme, in this paper we undertake a critical, research-based appraisal of the current, arguably neglected state of adult education in Australia in 2010, and proceed to paint a picture of how a different and potentially more positive future might be realised. Firstly, we emphasise situations (including states and territories) in Australia in which adult education is seen to be lacking or missing for particular groups of adults. Secondly we emphasise research evidence confirming the demonstrable value of learning for purposes other than those that are immediately vocational. We identify links between lifelong and lifewide learning on one hand, and health and wellbeing on the other. Part of the paper involves international comparisons with other forms of adult learning that Australia might learn from, adapt or borrow. We make particular reference to research underpinning the recent Inquiry into the Future of Lifelong Learning by NIACE in the United Kingdom. Our first main conclusion has to do with equity. Adult and community education (ACE) in Australia is currently seen to be least available or accessible to those Australians with the most limited and most negative experiences of school education, but the most need to learn in non-vocational domains. These groups include older Australians, some men and women, people not in paid work, and rural, isolated and Indigenous people. Our second main conclusion is that, to realise adult learning's future potential, we need changes to government policies, research and practice that acknowledge and actively support the broader nature and value of learning for life across all age groups. To paraphrase research from Belgium by Sfard (2008), based around Beck's (1986) exploration of reflexive modernity, the adult education function of ACE is in dire straits, unless education is seen as being much more valuable than the sum of individual vocational competencies, and particularly unless it is also recognised, valued and supported as one of many valuable outcomes of social, lifelong and lifewide learning throughout the community.


Background : Autism is a complex developmental and interrelated disorder that dincludes breakdown in communication, social interaction, and emotion. A preliminary survey conducted at Sekolah Cahaya Bangsa, Sekolah Bina Anak Bangsa and Autism center showed that 56% out of 18 children had abnormal nutrition (consisting of 50% malnutrition status, and 6% nutritional status), with an average of bad upbringing and BGBC compliance. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of parenting, compliance with a gluten-free casein-free diet and nutritional status of children with autism in Pontianak. Objective : This study aimed at finding out the correlation of history of Diabetes, hypertension, smoking, toards cataract cases among unit's patients of Dr. Soedarso hospital. Method : Using observational analytic and cross sectional design, this study employed 64 respondent. The samples were 55 children selected by using sampling incidental technique. This sampling technique was based in the inclusion and exclusion criterias. The data were tested by using Chi Square test. Result : The statistical analysis reveald that there were correlation of parenting (p value = 0,007 and PR = 2.500), food / nutrition parenting (p value = 0.014 and PR = 2.319), hygiene parenting (p value = 0.000 and PR = 3,500) , health care pattern (p value = 0.020 and PR = 2.342), compliance with a gluten-free casein-free diet (p value = 0.024 and PR = 2.231) and nutritional status of children with autism in Pontianak. There was no correlation of recreation parenting and nutritional status of children with autism in Pontianak (p value = 0.070 and PR = 1.891). Sugesstion: Based on findings, Health departement of Provinsi specially Health Departement Kota Pontianak is encouraged to monitoring the children's growth and development in term of both parenting cand gluten-free casein diet; so that normal nutritional statusluten-free casein-free diet can be achieved. Keywords : Autism,parenting, gluten-free casein-free diet, nutritional status


Based on the Hevea EST and genome sequence database,we cloned one alkaline/neutral invertase gene,HbNINa,which was highly expressed in the leaf of Hevea brasiliensis.Sequence analysis revealed that HbNINa coding sequence was 1 719 bp,and the deduced peptide was 571 amino acids in length,with an average molecular weight of 65.7 ku and a pIvalue of 6.36.The HbNINa protein contained all the conserved domains of typical plant alkaline/neutral invertases.Exon/intron structure analysis showed that the HbNINa gene contained four exons and three introns.The real-time RT-PCR results indicated that the HbNINa expression was mainly found in the bark,leaf and female flower,whereas barely detectable in the latex.HbNINa was also found highly expressed in bronze-stage leaf and down-regulated with leaf maturation,suggesting the important roles of this gene in the process of leaf maturation in rubber tree.


Abstract Implementing the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) programme has the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gases whilst also helping to maintain biodiversity. However, a proposed landscape governance approach to the REDD+ programme, encompassing all land-use activities, could alter these desirable outcomes. Under the proposed approach, governments and private entities could encourage types of land use that have the potential to threaten biodiversity and disrupt ecosystems. Yet a landscape governance approach could also stimulate governments to develop land-use management policies to facilitate adaptation to climate change. I organized focus group discussions with members of conservation groups, REDD+ scholars, and members of the REDD+ agroforestry research community at the Association of American Geographers 2016 Annual Meeting, to identify potential conservation challenges and opportunities associated with carbon-farming in grasslands and plantations under the proposed landscape governance approach to REDD+. I evaluate and synthesize this information, making recommendations for strategies to maximize the conservation opportunities and minimize the challenges. Understanding the challenges and opportunities will enable policy makers and other stakeholders to improve the presentation of their arguments in their efforts to shape the course of the REDD+ programme in the post-Paris Agreement era.


[Extract] I would like to begin this paper by explaining that I am not an English as a Second Language (ESL) educator. Rather, I am an Aboriginal educator who after 20 years as a classroom teacher from pre-school through to university, moved on to become a P-12 guidance officer, a consultant in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island education and training, head of an Indigenous unit in a school, and finally Chair of Indigenous Australian Studies within the university sector. During the past 40 years I have also worked across a number of Australian states as well as in Papua New Guinea and Saudi Arabia. The diversity of my experiences has enabled me to acquire deep insights into some of the issues that face those who enter our learning environments without the capacity speak Standard Australian English (SAE). I assume I was invited to participate in this project to provide an Indigenous perspective. I am honoured to have been invited to contribute here to represent Indigenous Australian viewpoints, let me state at the beginning I am extremely aware of the difficulty of such a task. Appreciating the diversity of histories, cultures and life experiences among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island peoples, I would point out that no one person can speak for all.


This document defines two new URI parameters to describe the calling
party's category and toll class of service originating line
information which are parameters also used in SS7 ISUP and other
telephony signalling protocols. The intended use of these URI
parameters is for the "tel" URI or equivalent SIP URI representation.


The invention relates to the field of development of computer application software, in particular to an integrated high-performance application software architecture and a construction method thereof. The integrated high-performance application software architecture comprises a WEB layer cluster, a backend application cluster, a database cluster and a message-oriented middleware cluster, wherein the WEB layer cluster supports a J2EE cluster technology and is used for providing the capacity of a business presentation layer of a J2EE frame; the backend application cluster supports the J2EE cluster technology and is used for providing the processing capacity of a business logic layer of the J2EE frame; the database cluster supports the J2EE cluster technology and is used for providing the capacity of a data access layer of the J2EE frame; and the message-oriented middleware cluster supports the J2EE cluster technology and is used for providing the message communication capacity between distributed J2EE components. Based on the integrated high-performance application software architecture and the construction method thereof, a software architect and a developer can determine a software scheme and a deployment scheme within short time and provides high-performance application service; and a J2EE application system designed according to the software architecture can meet the requirements on high availability, extensibility and fault tolerance.


This paper established the existence of tourism consciousness among poor Black South Africans. Guided by Bourdieu's (1990) concept of habitus, meta-synthesis informed the qualitative approach used in the study where random face-to-face interviews were conducted with respondents in select South African 'poor' black communities/townships in Cape Town and Johannesburg. It is argued that although most Black South Africans are regarded as poor and seem to lack the means to engage in tourism, their consciousness regarding tourism is informed by five main factors: (i) structural exclusion, (ii) racialized spaces, (iii) the will to travel, (iv) tourism awareness, and (v) business ownership skills. Combined, these factors shape the consciousness of poor Black South Africans on tourism and inform their participation in the tourism system.


A porous support ( 1 ) for the tangential filtration of a fluid to be processed, which has at least one surface ( 3 ) oriented toward the fluid to be processed flowing in a given direction of flow, and a surface ( 1 1 ) for extraction of a fraction called the filtrate, flowing through the porous support, this support being created by modification of an initial support, characterised in that it has a reduced permeability in relation to the initial support, and which is homogeneous when one moves parallel to the surface ( 3 ) of the support oriented toward the fluid to be processed in the direction of flow of the fluid to be processed.


A cobalt(III) corrole complex with an apical dmso ligand is presented. Crystallographic and spectroscopic data are used to unequivocally establish the dmso(O) vs. dmso(S) coordination in this complex. Wave function based methods were used to calculate the frontier orbitals for the complexes with O-bound and S-bound dmso ligands. Electrochemical properties of the complex is presented as well.


This article explores the experience of the UK's Phoenix Development Fund, which supported 95 projects between 2001 and 2006. About twenty per cent of these projects were specifically focused on Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) groups and refugees. The analysis is based on the findings of the interim and final evaluation carried out by the author. The evaluation included two surveys of all 95 projects and one survey of 800 final beneficiaries. The overall conclusion is that specific or targeted approaches to outreach can succeed in engaging communities who have not previously used business support available through mainstream agencies. Valuable innovation took place within the projects, particularly in relation to techniques for outreach and engagement, and methods of supporting clients through finance, training and coaching approaches.


Does social inequality have a pathogenic effect? A large and growing body of empirical literature has investigated the income inequality hypothesis,1–3 and although a consensus has not been reached about the relative importance of income versus income inequality as a social determinant of health, the literature on this topic has reinforced the …


Characterizing retinal vasculitis is a challenging task. It needs meticulous clinical evaluation and interpreting multimodal imaging based on recommendations laid down by the "Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature Working group".[3] To quote from the 'Results of the First International Workshop of SUN', "Achieving consensus on which retinal vascular changes constituted retinal vasculitis was more problematic. Although the group provisionally agreed to consider perivascular sheathing and vascular leakage or occlusion on fluorescein angiogram as evidence of retinal vascular disease for the classification of retinal vasculitis, there was consensus that the definition of retinal vasculitis required more work".[3] Although the authors state that "vascular staining and posterior pole leak" as seen in our case can occur in retinal vein occlusions,[1] one important pointer towards an inflammatory etiology is the additional presence of leakage of optic disc and vessel wall in our patient.[2] Moreover, perivascular sheathing or cuffing has been reported in only around 64% of cases with retinal vasculitis.[4] Hence the notion of the authors that absence of perivascular exudates, cuffing or sheathing rules out vasculitis is incorrect. Furthermore, in occlusive retinal vasculitis secondary to other viral infections such as dengue and chikungunya, it is uncommon to see these clinical findings of perivascular exudations or sheathing.[5,6] Though retinal vasculitis in COVID‐19 has not been described earlier, it may have similar pathogenesis as dengue and chikungunya viruses.


In this issue of the European Journal of Clinical Investigation , Cohen et al . investigate the impact of immunoglobulin light chains on polymorphonuclear leucocyte apoptosis [1]. The importance of their findings is that they contribute to the knowledge regarding uraemic toxicity; immunoglobulin light chains are considered to be uraemic retention solutes, and may as such contribute to the uraemic syndrome.


Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are individual tokens with valuable information stored inside them over blockchain technology. They can be purchased and sold like other physical and virtual art pieces because their worth is mostly determined by the market and demand. The unique data of NFTs render it simple to verify and authenticate their ownership and transfer of tokens between owners. However, in Pakistan, developers cannot acquire different licences to accomplish their projects not because they cannot afford it, but because they cannot invest in every piece of software to accomplish each new sensitive task. Rather, they can render the product platform independent. Considering this technology, this paper provides IT professionals with a new NFT approach and business policies that solely belong to the information technology domain. In addition, this paper also introduces how NFT tokens can hold software applications. Since we can store files, we can let NFTs also store complete applications to help developers in further utilising virtuality and having the metaverse at their fingertips. Whenever they succeed in a project, they never receive rewards, and their skills only pay the bills. In a nutshell, this paper presents a prototype of NFTs that would be further polished to save and utilise applications in a decentralised manner while rewarding the developers.


An artificial rumen is described which has been shown to simulate closely conditions in the bovine rumen. Criteria of its validity include quantitative and qualitative bacteriological data, V.F.A. production, pH levels and digestion rates; these were examined with a variety of diets using cows on similar diets as controls. An important feature of the apparatus is the high degree of control which can be exercised over the progress of the in vitro ruminal fermentation, permitting experiments of considerable duration.


The uncontrolled development of morphology at the stage of formation of biodegradable compositions based on synthetic and natural polymers limits the possibility of achieving satisfactory physical, mechanical and op-erational characteristics. In the present work, to achieve finely dispersed mixture morphology, an approach was proposed for reactive mixing of functionalized polyethylene with gelatin to form a linear low density polyethylene-grafted-maleic anhydride and gelatin (LLDPE-g-MA/GEL) graft copolymer. Using the selective extraction of the mixture components, we determined amount of graft copolymer LLDPE-g-MA/GEL, free gelatin, mechanical and thermal properties, as well as biodegradability data. It was found that as the amount of maleic groups in the polyethylene macromolecule increased, the amount of graft copolymer increased, and an increase in the content of gelatin in the blend led to a noticeable increase in the elastic modulus, tensile strength, and a decrease in elongation at break. Due to the degradation of gelatin, the thermal stability of the composite (initial temperature) decreased with increasing gelatin content. The maximum rate of destruction of the graft copolymer in the temperature range of 400–500 ºC increased markedly with an increase in the content of gelatin. It was found that the rate of biodegradability would increase with an increase in the content of gelatin in the blend; the maximum level of degradation was observed during the first 10 days and was more than 50 %. It was found that the maximum degree of grafting LLDPE-g-MA and gelatin to each other de-pended on the amount of maleic anhydride in the graft copolymer. The maximum degree of grafting was ob-served to be higher with increasing amount of maleic anhydride in the composites.


In the last two decades or so, there has been a lot of excellent research on the modern history of institution building in the Muslim world. The chief focus of this scholarship has been on institutions established by colonial states and by missionaries. For example, American missionaries had fifty-seven schools and twenty hospitals in the Ottoman Empire by 1909. Several scholars have foregrounded local people's participation and leadership in the establishment of these institutions. So far, however, little attempt has been made to study institutions that were executed primarily through local agency. It is exactly here that Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu's book intervenes. The House of Sciences is an examination of Darülfünun, or "the first university in the Muslim world founded by Muslims with the native language as the official medium of instruction" (p.200). Moreover, the book demonstrates, although briefly, the influence of Darülfünun on the spread of university education in the Muslim world. In this regard, Ihsanoglu's examination resonates, in some ways, with the concept of "multiple modernities." It is an important contribution to the field of the transnational history of modern education, particularly modern medical and scientific education. As the book makes clear, the modernization of the Ottoman educational system commenced through medical and scientific education; it was in these realms that universities exercised the greatest influence in the Muslim world. The House of Sciences is divided into an introduction, three parts, and a short analytical overview. The introduction carefully sets the stage for understanding Darülfünun's argument. It discusses the differences between universities in Europe and Medreses in the Muslim world, making the point that universities outside of Europe were established with European universities in mind. Importantly, however, Ihsanoglu argues that Ottomans were not able to innovate and adapt. This point becomes clear in the first and, especially, the second part of the book. The first part, which comprises half of the book, tells the story of the establishment of Darülfünun. The defeats that the Ottoman Empire suffered in several wars in the second half of the eighteenth century compelled them to embark on a modernization movement. Thus, planning for modern education and technology began "within the framework of the military institutions" (p.5). This included the opening of the School of Medicine in 1827 and the Military School in 1835, followed by the birth of the idea of Darülfünun, or a Central Education system, in 1838. Initially, it was not specified what was meant by Darülfünun and it would take over 80 years


Abstract 4769 From 1980 to 2005 in our institution we9ve diagnosed and treated 361 patients (pts) affected by Hodgkin9s disease. At the moment of diagnosis the median age of the patients was 29 years (range 13-69).About 72% of patients were in the stage I-II and 28% were in the stage III-IV. More than 54% of all patients received ABVD, 17% received MOOP, 10% MOOP/ABVD, 3% VBM and 1% received Stanford V scheme. Over 70% of all patients received radiotherapy (RT) with median dose of 4500 cGy (range 1000-16210). Over 94% of all patients obtained a Complete remission, however 11% relapsed. 130 patients among 361 are at this moment evaluable for late effects of chemo-radiotherapy.26 pts were treated in the period 1980-84 (25%) ; 6 pts treated 1985-89 (4,6%);21 pts treated in 1990-94 (16,1%); 24 pts treated in 1995-99 (19%) and 35 pts in the period 2000-2005 (27%). 50 pts among 130 (38,5%) present late effects related to the therapy. 24 pts (48%) present heart disease: 13 pts (40%) Valvulopathy,8 pts (25%) Ischemic heart disease, 7 pts (21%) Congestive heart failure, 4 pts (14%) Pericardic disease. Therapies of these patients were performed : In 1980-89 (11 pts), 6 pts (25%) received MOOP + RT,2 pts (8,3%) received M/A and 3 pts only RT. In 1990-99 (7 pts), 3 pts(12,5%) received ABVD +RT, 2 pts(8,3%) received MA+RT, 1 pt(4,1%) received ABVD and 1 pt(4,1%) received M/A. In 2000-05 (6 pts), 2 pts (8,3%) received ABVD+RT and 4pts(16,6%) received only ABVD. 18 pts present Endocrinological-disease, in all cases, represented by hypothyroidism; 16 pts among 18 had done Chemoteraphy and Radiotheraphy, while 2 pts received only Chemotheraphy. Besides 8 pts show both endocrinological and cardiological disease; in these cases 3 pts (37,5) had done ABVD+RT, 4 pts (50%) MOOP+RT and 1 patient (12,5%) only RT. Furthermore 26/130 (20%) developed a second neoplasm. Conclusions In our population 38% of patients had developed secondary late effects and we assess that about 15% of our Hodgkin9s population die for a secondary late effect of therapies Although there are many variables for the development of a late effect we think that this analysis could lead to try to reduce the late toxicities of treatments. Disclosures: Offidani:Celgene: Honoraria; Janssen Cilag: Honoraria.


The flow around an elastic body is treated as a fluid-structure interaction (FSI), numerous fluid-structure coupled problems have been performed. Recently, two-way coupled analysis, which considers the fluid-structure interaction, has been performed extensively. In the present paper, we simulate a flow field around an elastic heaving flat plate with a variable surface shape and various Young's moduli and perform bi-directional coupling analysis using ANSYS 12.1/ANSYS-CFX 12.1. In the case of the results without projection, the vorticity that grows along the plate surface, rolled up from the trailing edge, and developed in the wake are dependent on Strouhal number, independent of the Young's modulus. However, in the case of the results with the projections, the vortex behaviors are different with the Young's modulus. At E = 3.53 [MPa], the projections effect on the vortex behavior and the dynamic thrust exhibit approximately the same tendency with or without a projection. On the other hand, at E = 10.0 [MPa], the projection effect has an impact on the vortex behavior and the dynamic thrust. The vorticity and the dynamic thrust of E = 10.0 [MPa] become smaller than that of E = 3.53 [MPa] because of strong effects from the projections of the heaving elastic plate.Copyright © 2011 by JSME


Theoretically we can determine the disordered or ordered structure of polypeptides and their dimensions in dilute solutions from hydrodynamic properties. We have presently a wealth of theories for ...


Small amount of 1,2-dihydrocomosidine 11 was isolated from the leaves of Phelline sp. aff. P. lucida and the structure 12 attributed to holidinine by comparison with those of comosivine 13 was confirmed by X-Ray analysis La dihydro-1,2 comosidine 11 a ete isolee en faible quantite des feuilles de Phelline sp. aff. P. lucida et la structure 12 attribuee a l'holidinine par comparaison avec celle de la comosivine 13, a ete confirmee par analyse aux rayons X


Recent literature is dominated by papers which conclude that the only way to eliminate "late cases" is to do ultrasound screening of all newborns in the neonatal unit-non-selective screening. Non-selective ultrasound screening as a prevention of developmental hip dysplasia has become a frequent practice in many European countries and it is a routine practice in Austria and Germany. The quality of the ultrasound exam depends on the experience of the examiner/physician and it is recommended in the short period of time of 1 to 3 days as a follow-up exam of the newborns who had a positive ultrasound test result. In Croatia ultrasound screening of childrens hips began in 1989 when J. Vrdoljak at al have published their work on ultrasound exams in diagnosing luxated hips. The authors elaborate on the advantages of ultrasound screening of the neonatal hip in the neonatal units (primary screening). They are among the fist ones in Europe to support non-selective screening of the neonatal hip in the hospitals. We also refer to more recent work on the value of ultrasound in early detection of developmental hip dysplasia; the research was done in the geographic area receiving primary health care administered by the Health Center in Labin. This paper focuses on the advantages of ultrasound screening of neonatal hip in the early detection of this anomaly. (excerpt)


This paper mainly studied the effect of different talcum powder treatments on the mechanical properties and heat resistance of PVC/ABS alloy.The micro-morphology of impact surface and the dispersion of the talcum of PVC/ABS were analyzed by using SEM.Research showed the coupling agent modified talcum powder of PVC/ABS alloy had better mechanical properties than the unmodified ones.But the Vicat softening temperature of PVC/ABS alloy prepared by using coupling agent treated talcum powder was lower than which was without the surface treatment. Key wodrs: PVC;ABS;Talcum;Modification;Mechanical Property;Vicat Softening Temperature


Chronic pain has a marked negative impact on the quality of life. In recent years, it has been increasing interest in the development of new safer more effective treatments of neuropathic pain, which is presented with sensory abnormalities such as allodynia and hyperalgesia. Recent studies have demonstrated the analgesic effect of omega-3 fatty acids (O3). The aim of the present work was to evaluate thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia and nerve regeneration after treatment with O3 in an animal model of peripheral neuropathic pain of chronic sciatic nerve constriction (CCI).
Thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia and nerve regeneration were evaluated in male Wistar rats, which were administered with: oral O3 (0.32 or 0.72 g / kg) 24 h after ICC and for 21 days (chronic treatment ), oral saline (control group with ICC), local O3 (10 μl, O3 30%) on the sciatic nerve at the end of tissue constriction (acute treatment) and oral O3 (0.32 or 0.72 g / kg) 24 h after surgery but without ICC for 21 days. The tests of thermal hyperalgesia (Hot Plate Test), mechanical allodynia (Von Frey Test) and the functional motor recovery test (Walking track analysis) were performed on days 3, 7, 14 and 21 post-surgery. In all groups, a neuropathological examination was performed on day 21 post-surgery with or without CCI.
Oral O3 treatment blocked of thermal hyperalgesia, decreased the mechanical allodynia (50%) and allowed for the motor function recovery (100%). In addition, neuropathological examination revealed that the nerves conserved the axonal density and architecture while the CCI control group showed loss of continuity of perineurium, neuroma formation and abundant inflammatory infiltrate. In contrast, local O3 administration failed to modify the parameters tested
Oral administration of O3 relieves thermal hyperalgesia effectively and improves the recovery process in rats with CCI, suggesting that they could constitute a potential treatment for the relief of neuropathic pain in humans, with minimal risk of adverse effects.


Twenty-two Missouri school boards have received the Missouri School Boards' Association's 2014 Governance Team Award. This prestigious award is based on those school boards' outstanding commitment to ongoing professional development in areas such as student achievement, school law, finance, board operations, and contemporary issues in education. The award also recognizes their commitment to regional and statewide leadership, to active participation in legislative advocacy for public schools, and to the successful implementation of education policy to improve their local school district.


This chapter provides useful historical landmarks to ground a change of paradigm from traditional views of competence in multiple languages, based on separateness and nativeness ideologies, towards more holistic views of what constitutes the plurilingual repertoire of an individual. It also provides a very strong and important overview of the evolution of (pluri)languaging around the conceptualizations of code-switching, exolingual and plurilingual interactions. Enrica Piccardo presents and analyses the concept of plurilingualism and the potential of what is referred as the 'plurilingual turn' in education and research, notably in relation to classroom practice and for language policy. Of particular importance is the reminder, with a wealth of enlightening examples, that plurilingualism is an ancient phenomenon, not a modern innovation.


The teaching of practical writing in college for professional training is faced with many problems,like the limited periods of this course and the comparatively weak in knowledge background of the students,low interest in this course. In order to improve the quality of the course,we need to focus on how to arouse the students' interest ,how to bring about an effective shift in the teachers' educational conception,and how to enrich the content of the class and create new teaching methods,and how to vary the ways of assessment etc.


Women performing the canoe poi at Ruatoki. Photographed by Malcolm Ross, March 1904, during the visit of Lord Ranfurly and party.
Inscriptions: Album page - beneath image - A figure in the canoe "poi".
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s).
Physical Description: Silver gelatin print 114 x 199 mm mounted on album page 255 x 287 mm


Abstract This article is an attempt to prove that although the liberal Jansenists – Jansenism being the most powerful Christian protest movement of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries – were not the first and the only ones to address the prohibition of interest-bearing loans, their writings on the issue shifted and fuelled the debate during the French Enlightenment, especially among the Encyclopédistes and the economists. By refuting the very logic of "extrinsic titles" of the Scholastics and their extension later on by the Jesuits, the liberals Jansenists redefined "interest" as the price to be paid for the use of money.


With the pocket of Guangxi Dong Nationality as the research subject,through the field research,it introduces the shape features of the pocket of Dong ethnic group in Guangxi and the way of dressing and makes the research and analysis of the aesthetic characteristics of the material,decoration and techniques of the pocket.The Dong clothing art with the pocket as the representative demonstrates the Dong people's hard-working spirit and wisdom,love of life,as well as the simple aesthetic standards of the harmony between human and nature.