The invention discloses a multi-way invisible fluorescent ink anti-fake label with different patterns, and belongs to the field of anti-fake technology. The anti-fake label comprises a lining layer, a fluorescent ink layer I, a fluorescent ink layer II and a prism glass layer from bottom to top in sequence, wherein a photonic crystal layer I and a photonic crystal II are arranged on the prism glass layer. The anti-fake label has the characteristics of high elusive capability, imitation difficulty, multi-way display of different patterns and the like; and when the multi-way invisible fluorescent ink anti-fake label is used for commodity anti-fake, the elusive capability and the imitation difficulty of the invisible ink anti-fake label are enhanced, and the applicability of the anti-fake label is improved.


An infusion device capable of administering liquid medication at a continuous flow rate, and upon user demand delivers a controlled volume dosage of liquid medication at a higher dosage flow rate. The dosage reservoir (200) remains empty until the user actuates it by selectively and temporarily removing the pressure source, such as a spring (230). During actuation, fluid rapidly flows from the medication reservoir (100) to fill the dosage reservoir (200). After actuation, the pressure source (230) exerts a higher pressure on the dosage reservoir (200) than the medication reservoir pressure (100), which results in a temporary higher bolus flow rate. Thus, two distinct flow rates are achieved with one flow restrictor element (700).


This paper first discusses the status quo and the accident characteristic of expressway traffic in China.The causes of accidents in terms of human factors,vehicle factors,and road factors are then analyzed.Based on the above understanding,prevention measures are proposed.This paper is written in attempt to contribute to expressway traffic safety in China.


Developments in national and international waste recycling and reuse programmes have led to the adoption of processes that segregate waste material into several streams. It is not viable to recycle some of these streams but some contain materials such as wood (biomass), contaminated paper (biomass), plastics and textiles that have a greater fuel energy content than the original waste. Furthermore, adding value through pelletisation can provide a convenient form for handling and transportation of this type of fuel. An objective of this investigation is to achieve electrical power generation efficiency greater than that of incinerator boiler/turbines through the generation of an intermediate gaseous fuel for use in a combined cycle. Studies of the pyrolysis process that produces char, oil and gas have demonstrated how the rate of heating influences the proportion of each. Complementary studies of the combustion and gasification characteristics of segregated waste materials, and char derived from them, in sp...


Abstract The relation between optical second harmonic generation (SHG) and ferroelectric order is discussed in the case of NaNO2. The nonlinear susceptibility χNL determining SHG in the ferroelectric state shows the decrease of long range order of the NO 2 -sublattice in approaching the Curie point. In the disordered paraelectric state the third-rank tensor χNL vanishes and SHG has to be described by a tensor χN of fourth rank, χN is interpreted as a measure of short range order. Its temperature dependence reveals an anomaly at 207°C, also shown by the thermal expansion coefficients.


Abstract The flowers of Curcuma pierreana Gagnep., Zingiberaceae, were collected in full bloom in Hue, Vietnam. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of these flowers. The flower oil was analyzed by a combination of high resolution GC and GC/MS. More than 40 components were identified, representing 89% of the oil. The principal constituents were isoborneol (27.3%), camphor (24.1%), isobornyl acetate (7.3%), camphene (6.7%) and α-pinene (5.1%). The oil contained more than 70% of oxygenated compounds, which contributed to its special odor.


Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) promise cheap and unobtrusive interconnections of electronic based sensors, processors and other devices during normal daily activities in personal, military and sports use. However the modelling of body dynamics raises difficulties when simulation of the channels is required. In this paper the activity of walking has been studied, through the combination of animation and electromagnetic software. Simulations of a walking male at the frequency of 2.45 GHz for two different channels are presented and these results are compared with measurements made in anechoic chamber.


The educational idea of behavioral guidance is the theoretical foundation to establish simulated companies. Establishing simulated companies is a successful exploration of behavioral guidance. As a new teaching pattern,establishing simulated companies is still in the preliminary stage in China. The paper puts forward the countermeasures to the three existing issues.


We consider the ferromagnetic q-state Potts model with zero external field in a finite volume evolving according to Glauber-type dynamics described by the Metropolis algorithm in the low temperature asymptotic limit. Our analysis concerns the multispin system that has q stable equilibria. Focusing on grid graphs with periodic boundary conditions, we study the tunneling between two stable states and from one stable state to the set of all other stable states. In both cases we identify the set of gates for the transition and prove that this set has to be crossed with high probability during the transition. Moreover, we identify the tube of typical paths and prove that the probability to deviate from it during the transition is exponentially small.


Case teaching method can make students active in program course. Therefore, it is adopted in C++ training. Laboratory Animal System (LAS) is a standalone case for management of laboratory animal, the code is written in Visual C++ and it can be installed in Windows system. In this paper, we present an overview of LAS architectural design and user interface by C++. The case method will provide an interactive learning environment for students. According to the survey of feedback, it is summarized that students will be able to learn C++ program and gain knowledge more quickly and effectively than students using traditional methods of teaching.


Introduction:  Health consumer protection policy can be implemented in many ways, but the study related to factors and barriers of implementing this policy was limited.  This study objectives were to study priority of works and policy, as well as factors and barriers of health consumer protection policy implementation.  Methods:  This is a qualitative study.  In-depth interview, participatory observation and documentary review were used to obtain information from January through October 2015.  Eleven informants, the director and officers of public health pharmacy and consumer protection departments from the provincial health office and community hospitals in Ubon Ratchathani and Srisaket provinces, were purposively selected.  Data were analyzed by content analysis and conceptual framework.  Results: Health consumer protection policy was implemented differently in both provinces.  Health education and publicrelation were emphasized in Ubon Ratchathani province to promote compliance from vendors and citizen, health promotion on organic agricultural food and food and health-related products surveillance on the borderline.  For Srisaket province, surveillance of steroid-contaminated products in community, collaboration between vendors and community radio station, and smoking and alcohol-free policy were emphasized.  Factors influencing policy implementation were (1) publicization that increased perception of and compliance with policy from citizens and vendors, (2) participation from stakeholders and other related organizations, (3) performance of the organization that leads to coordinating and supporting policy implementation.  Important problems and barriers were (1) unclear policy and predetermined performance indicators from policy makers that were implemented at local level differently, (2) lack of team-working (3) limited manpower and budget, (4) conflicts of interest among vendors and policy implementators and (5) lack of ability, attitudes, and skills of officers for policy implementation. Conclusion:  Health consumer protection policy was implemented differently in each province.  Factors and barriers related to policy implementation must be considered to be able to implement the policy practically.


procreative marriages. The organization's initiatives sprang from a eugenic fear that healthy white bodies were not reproducing rapidly enough. Thus 4-H sexual education programs served to transport a specific vision of heterosexuality to rural regions and to hinder the formation of nontraditional sexual or familial arrangements. Constricting legal and state interventions, like those discussed in Henry's and Rosenberg's essays, did not, however, crush the potential for rural inhabitants to foster new forms of sexual expression and community. JohnHoward's essay suggests that rural spaces have historically provided queer Americans with expansive opportunities for sexual discovery. By exploring a new type of digital archive—the chat rooms at the website Gay.com—Howard has recorded a striking set of oral histories. His essay gives voice to persons who have participated in same-sex sexual practices but whose stories have played a minimal role in shaping queer public culture and scholarship. Howard's discussion of his research methods offers fresh suggestions for how researchers might access hidden queer histories in the digital age. His essay, like the volume itself, illustrates some of the many exciting avenues that lie ahead in the field of rural queer studies.


Drought, the result of regional climatic variability is one of the dominant threats to environment. This study focuses on the biophysical, environmental and health issues concerning drought occurrence in northwest region of Bangladesh. Using both primary and secondary data, the analysis revealed that, during the drought period, rainfall as the dominant factor of supplying surface water and normalizing the dryness of the nature was almost 46% lower than the previous (normal) years. Similarly, average monthly sunshine hours in the drought year was about 7% higher compared to that of the normal year. On an average, groundwater level declined more than one meter compared to the previous years. Thus, many of the tubewells turned dry or failed to supply the required quantity of water for household and irrigation purposes. A significant number of surface water bodies including ponds, ditches, canals and streams had little volume of low quality water. In normal years, almost all households used hand tubewells (HTWs) as the major source of drinking water, while in the drought period only 90% households could use HTW water since substantial proportion of the HTWs turned dry. People had to collect drinking and domestic water from far distance to meet the basic requirements. Increase in temperature and prevalence of severe dust during drought periods compared to the normal years caused different health hazards including dysentery and diarrhoea due to unsafe drinking water. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10141 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 89-97, 2011


Dysferlin is a large transmembrane protein that functions in critical processes of membrane repair and vesicle fusion. Dysferlin‐deficiency due to mutations in the dysferlin gene leads to muscular dystrophy (Miyoshi myopathy (MM), limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B), distal myopathy with anterior tibial onset (DMAT)), typically with early adult onset. At least 416 pathogenic dysferlin mutations are known, but for approximately 17% of patients, one or both of their pathogenic variants remain undefined following standard exon sequencing methods that interrogate exons and nearby flanking intronic regions but not the majority of intronic regions.


I. G. Doran and J. D. McKinley, Queen's University Belfast The paper proposes the use of an approximation, suggested by Hansen, to the exact analytical solution of the Terzaghi consolidation equation, as the basis for the determination of the coefficient of consolidation from the results of a consolidation test using a least squares error adjustment procedure. This is an area of considerable practical interest. The author seems to be unaware of the paper by Fox (1948), in which it is shown that the solution of the Terzaghi consolidation equation is given to a high degree of accuracy by the approximation


Main developments between 1 September and 31 December 2010* On 24 September 2010 the European Commission referred the assessment of the joint venture between the German private broadcasters…


Through analysing air data function principle and calculation formula,a method for getting flight parameters from the known atmosphere data is expounded,the simulation model structure is constructed for Air data computer(ADC),and the relevant ADC simulation system based on this model is designed and realized.At the same time,using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP),the atmospheric data computer simulation systems level is divided,and the weight factor which influences the credibility of simulation systems is determined.With the Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation(FSE),the credibility of ADC system is evaluated.Simulation results show that the credibility of ADC is high,and could meet the application needs.


It was carried out a comparative clinical-therapeutic research on a sample of 50 patients coursing two phases; in the first one it was made a descriptive study for the morbidity diagnosis due to diabetes mellitus and in the second phase it was proposed and validated a new therapy to determine the effectiveness of Reflexology in Diabetes Mellitus. The investigation was performed at the University Polyclinic «Luis Enrique de la Paz» in Yara, Granma, from September 2013 to September 2014. The information was processed through the statistical analysis and evidenced in tables. It was proved that there was Morbidity caused by Diabetes Mellitus in the population studied, prevailing the female sex, with the greatest number of cases in the age group of 31-40 years. In the second phase of the study we validated a therapeutic modality based on Podalic Reflexology, considered suitable for the stability of Diabetes Mellitus.


Mobile satellite communication systems employ the wide area accessibility of a satellite. Digital signal transmission systems which enable communication by highly efficient voice encoding techniques and error correcting techniques, even on low C/N channels, are being studied and developed in many countries. This paper studies error rate monitoring for application to antenna tracking control and transmitting power control in mobile satellite communication systems. A soft decision error correction method, which is expected to be available in a wide range of C/N, is proposed and its performance is clarified theoretically and experimentally. Considering the application to ship antenna tracking control, the monitoring accuracy on fading channels is evaluated experimentally. A simulation experiment is carried out for an electronic tracking control with switching arrays, and the reception level degradation due to tracking error is clarified. Simulation results of transmitting power control against rain attenuation are also given.


This article describes the organization of management of regional socio-economic policies, an important component of regional socio-economic policies, its basic principles of formation.


In this study, we employ the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM to globally assess aerosol indirect ef- fects (AIEs) resulting from shipping emissions of aerosols and aerosol precursor gases. We implement shipping emis- sions of sulphur dioxide (SO2), black carbon (BC) and partic- ulate organic matter (POM) for the year 2000 into the model and quantify the model's sensitivity towards uncertainties as- sociated with the emission parameterisation as well as with the shipping emissions themselves. Sensitivity experiments are designed to investigate (i) the uncertainty in the size dis- tribution of emitted particles, (ii) the uncertainty associated with the total amount of emissions, and (iii) the impact of reducing carbonaceous emissions from ships. We use the results from one sensitivity experiment for a detailed discussion of shipping-induced changes in the global aerosol system as well as the resulting impact on cloud prop- erties. From all sensitivity experiments, we find AIEs from shipping emissions to range from 0.32± 0.01 W m 2 to 0.07± 0.01 W m 2 (global mean value and inter-annual variability as a standard deviation). The magnitude of the AIEs depends much more on the assumed emission size dis- tribution and subsequent aerosol microphysical interactions than on the magnitude of the emissions themselves. It is im- portant to note that although the strongest estimate of AIEs from shipping emissions in this study is relatively large, still much larger estimates have been reported in the literature be- fore on the basis of modelling studies. We find that omitting just carbonaceous particle emissions from ships favours new particle formation in the boundary layer. These newly formed particles contribute just about as much to the CCN budget as the carbonaceous particles would, leaving the globally aver- aged AIEs nearly unaltered compared to a simulation includ- ing carbonaceous particle emissions from ships.


Real-Time or quantitative (q) -P CR technology is of increasing importance in genomic research. The high cost of (FRET) DNA probes for experiments has long impeded the full utilization of qPCR. The commercial cost of dual-labeled probes for qPCR reactions is high because of the postsynthesis HP LC and/or gel purification steps required by limitations in the traditional synthesis chemistry. The recent availability of CPG quencher reagents to core DNA synthesis facilities has opened up the possibility that probes, when care fu lly prepared, may be used without extensive postsynthesis purification. This would substantially reduce the cost, making the synthesis of qPCR probes feasible and more affordable for any DNA synthesis laboratory. The NARG tested the hypothesis, that all DNA synthesis labs are able to make quality dual-labeled probes suitable for qPCR reactions without gel and/or HPLC purification, by inviting members of the DNA synthesis community to synthesize 5'-FAM, 3'BHQ1 or -TAMRA quenched human β-actin probes and submit them for quality analysis. The NARG members performed quality analyses on the probes using CE, DHPLC, and PAGE. Effectiveness in Real-Time PCR expe ri ments was determined over a five log range of standard template concentration to assess the effect on assay ef fi ciency and sensitivity compared to highly purified probes.


The suppressive ability of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana alone and in combination with diatomaceous earth (DE) was studied against the larvae of Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lep., Pyralidae). This study clearly showed that simultaneous use of B. bassiana and DE against larvae of P. interpunctella, not only could reduce the required concentration of fungal conidia or DE, but also could shorten the time need for showing insecticidal effects. The LC50 value of fungus at 7 d after treatment was 9.8 × 105 conidia mg-1 diet. Larvae showed a dose response to B. bassiana, and the addition of diatomaceous earth at 500 and 2000 ppm resulted in a significant increase in mortality. Larval mortality reached to the maximum of 28.3% and 71.7% after 7 d exposure to 500 and 2000 ppm DE concentrations, respectively. The LC50 value for B. bassiana in the presence of DE 500 ppm was 4.6 × 104 con. mg-1 diet and of DE 2000 ppm was 1.65 × 103 con. mg-1 diet. According to our results, B. bassiana and DE can be considered as two suitable candidates for integration into IPM strategy.


character — a unit of information used for the organization, control or representation of textual data. Abstract characters may be non-graphic characters used in textual information systems to control the organization of textual data (e.g. U+FFF9 INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION ANCHOR), or to control the presentation of textual data (e.g. U+200D ZERO WIDTH JOINER). abstract character repertoire — a collection of abstract characters compiled for the purposes of encoding. See also charset.character repertoire — a collection of abstract characters compiled for the purposes of encoding. See also charset. advance height — the amount by which the current display position is adjusted vertically after rendering a given glyph. This number is generally only meaningful for vertical writing systems, and is usually zero within fonts used for horizontal writing systems. advance width — the amount by which the current display position is adjusted horizontally after rendering a given glyph. ASCII — a standard that defines the 7-bit numbers (codepoints) needed for most of the U.S. English writing system. The initials stand for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Also specified as ISO 646-IRV. ascent — the distance between the top of the line of text and the baseline, or the distance from the baseline to the top of the highest glyph in a font. attachment point — a point defined relative to a glyph outline such that if two attachment points on two glyphs are positioned on top of each other, the glyphs are positioned correctly relative to each other. For example, a base character may have an attachment point used to position a diacritic, which would also have an attachment point. baseline — the vertical point of origin for all the glyphs rendered on a single line. Roman scripts have a baseline on which the glyphs appear to "sit," with occasional descenders below. Many Indic scripts have a "hanging" baseline, in which the bulk of the letters are placed below the baseline, with occasional ascenders above the line. Some scripts, such as Chinese, use a centered baseline, where the glyphs are all positioned with their centers on the baseline. Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP) — the portion of Unicode's codespace in which all of the most commonly used characters are encoded, corresponding to codepoints U+0000 to U+FFFF, abbreviated as BMP. Also known as Plane 0. See also Supplementary Planes. bidirectionality — the characteristic of some writing systems to contain ranges of text that are written left-to-right as well as ranges that are written right-to-left. Specifically, in Arabic and Hebrew scripts, most text is written right-to-left, but numbers are written left-to-right. This can also be used to refer to text containing runs in multiple writing systems, some RTL and some LTR. BMP — See Basic Multilingual Plane. bom — See byte order mark. 136 http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=3plane UNESCO Contract: 4500008198 ContractorID No.: 600118, SIL International, Inc. Guidelines for Writing System Support 2003-10-31 Page 71 of 80 bounding box — the rectangular area containing the entire visual portion of a glyph but excluding the side-bearings and advance width (or height). byte order mark (bom) — the Unicode character U+FEFF ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE when used as the first character in a UTF-16 or UTF-32 plain text file to indicate the byte serialization order, i.e. whether the least significant byte comes first (little-endian) or the most significant byte comes first (big-endian). Byte order is not an issue for UTF-8, though the byte order mark is sometimes added to the beginning of UTF-8 encoded files as an encoding signature that applications can look for to detect that the file is encoded in UTF-8. See http://www.unicode.org/unicode/faq/utf_bom.html. cascading style sheets (CSS) — one of two stylesheet languages used in Web-based protocols (the other is XSL). CSS is mainly used for rendering HTML, but can also be used for rendering XML. It is much less complex than XSL, i.e., it can only be used when the structure of the source document is already very close to what is desired in the final form. character — (1) a symbol used in writing, distinguished from others by its meaning, not its specific shape; similar to grapheme. It relates to the domain of orthographies and writing. See orthographic character. (2) specific to the implementation of computers and other information systems. See also abstract character and encoded character. character encoding form — a system for representing the codepoints associated with a particular coded character set in terms of code values of a particular datatype or size. For many situations, this is a trivial mapping: codepoints are represented by bytes with the same integer value as the codepoint. Some encoding forms may represent codepoints in terms of 16or 32-bit values, though, and some 8-bit encoding forms may be able to represent a codespace that has more than 256 codepoints by using multiple-byte sequences. Most encoding forms are designed specifically for use in connection with a particular coded character set; e.g. UTF-8 is used specifically for encoded representation of the Universal Character Set defined by Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646. Some encoding forms may be designed for use with multiple repertoires, however. For example, the ISO 2022 encoding form supports an open collection of coded character sets and specifies changes between character sets in a data stream using escape sequences. character encoding scheme — a character encoding form with a specific byte order serialization (relevant mainly for 16or 32-bit encoding forms). character set encoding — a system for encoded representation of textual data that specifies the following: (1) a coded character set, (2) one or more character encoding forms and (3) one or more character encoding schemes. charset — an identifier used to specify a set of characters. Used particularly in Microsoft Windows and TrueType fonts, and in HTML and other Internet or Web protocols to refer to identifiers for particular subsets of the Universal Character Set. CJKV (Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese) — the significance of this grouping of languages is that all have writing systems that use Han ideographic characters. cmap — character-glyph map: the table within a font containing a mapping of codepoints (characters) to glyph ID numbers. In an Unicode-based font the codepoints are Unicode values; in other fonts they correspond to other encodings. coded character set — an abstract character repertoire together with an assignment of numeric codepoints for each character; a collection of encoded characters. Also called a codepage. codepage — (1) synonym for coded character set. (2) synonym for character set encoding; i.e. In some contexts, codepage is used to refer to a specification of a character repertoire and an encoding form for representing that repertoire. (3) In some systems, a mapping between encoded characters in Unicode and a non-Unicode encoding form; e.g. Microsoft Windows codepage 1252. codepoint — a numeric value used as an encoded representation of some abstract character within a computer or information system. Codepoints are integer values used to represent particular characters within a particular encoding. UNESCO Contract: 4500008198 ContractorID No.: 600118, SIL International, Inc. Guidelines for Writing System Support 2003-10-31 Page 72 of 80 codespace — the full range of numeric codepoint values allowed in a coded character set. complex script — a script characterized by one or more of the following: a very large set of characters, right-to-left or vertical rendering, bidirectionality, contextual glyph selection (shaping), use of ligatures, complex glyph positioning, glyph reordering, and splitting characters into multiple glyphs. conjunct — a ligature, in particular, a ligature representing a consonant cluster in an Indic script. CSS — See cascading style sheets. dead key — a key in a particular keyboard layout that does not generate a character, but rather changes the character generated by a following keystroke. Dead keys are commonly used to enter accented forms of letters in writing systems based on Roman script. deep encoding — See semantic encoding. descent — the distance between the bottom of the line of text and the baseline, or the distance from the baseline to the bottom of the lowest glyph in a font. diacritic — a written symbol which is structurally dependent upon another symbol; that is, a symbol that does not occur independently, but always occurs with and is visually positioned in relation to another character, usually above or below. Diacritics are also sometimes referred to as accents. For example, acute, grave, circumflex, etc. digraph — a multigraph composed of two components. display encoding — See presentation-form encoding. document — a collection of information. This includes the common sense of the word, i.e. an organisation of primarily textual information that can be produced by a word processing or data processing application. It goes beyond this, however, to include structured information held within an XML file. Each XML file is considered to contain one document, whatever the structure and type of that information. Document Type Definition (DTD) — a markup declaration used by SGML and XML that contains the formal specifications, or grammar, of an SGML or XML document. One use of the DTD is to run a validation process over an XML file, which indicates if it matches the DTD, or if not, provides a listing of each line at which the file fails some part of the required structure. DTD — See Document Type Definition. em square — the square grid which is the basis for the design of all glyphs within a given font; so called because it historically corresponded to the size of the letter M. When rendering, the requested point size specifies the size of the font's em square to which all


The concept of an 'infrastructure deficit' is commonly referred to within New Zealand. A claim that there is a deficit implies that the optimal stock is greater than the existing stock (at least for certain infrastructure types) and hence new investment would yield positive net benefits. Yet little work has been conducted in New Zealand to evaluate impacts of new infrastructure investments or to analyse whether returns to infrastructure investments have been positive. This paper provides an overview of the impacts of some major nineteenth century infrastructure programmes and reports on current work analysing returns to recent infrastructure investments. The paper aims to draw lessons about the role of infrastructure in developing New Zealand's economy and to understand factors that may currently inhibit the full benefits of these investments from being realised.


This paper presents an improved framework for performing dynamic anal ysis of road vehicle under a sudden crosswind in the time domain. The road vehicle is ideali ze as a combination of a number of rigid bodies connected by a series of springs and damping devices. The random roughness of road surface is generated from a power spectral densit y fu ction for a given road condition. The quasi-steady model is employed to generate wind forces on the road vehicle. The equations of motion of the moving vehicle under a sudden crosswind are then es ablished in consideration of the effects of both road surface roughness and crosswind. The application to a high-sided vehicle moving on the ground demonstrates that the improved frame work and the associated computer program can efficiently predict dynamic respons e of moving road vehicles entering into a sharp edged crosswind. The computation results also indic ate that the safety of the high-sided vehicle moving on the ground under a sudden crosswind is controlled ma inly by overturning accident other than sideslip accident or rotation accident.


In accordance with the lack of reliability and stability and a high failure rate of electronic transformers,we tested 41different kinds of electronic transformers in order to promote key technology of electronic transformers and to improve their reliability,stability,accuracy,and related technical standard.The test content includes parts of routine tests,type tests and special tests mentioned in national standard,and higher demands of reliability,stability and anti-electromagnetic interference than the present national standard are introduced.The conclusions can be drawn from the test results:the fault types of tests are basically identical with actual operational failures;the performance of some products should be further improved;aproduct's quantity is basically identical with the research ability and quality control ability of its provider.


ABSTRACT Weight loss reality TV shows, which portray obese individuals and their struggle to lose weight, are highly popular. However, the shows often contain negative and stereotypical portrayals of obese individuals that can contribute to the formation of weight bias among viewers. In particular, adolescents might be highly susceptible to such portrayals, since physical appearance and body image play an important role during adolescence. In our experimental study, we investigated the priming effects of exposure to weight loss reality TV shows on implicit and explicit attitudes toward obese individuals among 353 adolescents. We exposed a treatment group (n = 173) to video clips of a weight loss reality TV show and a control group (n = 180) to video clips of an information-based TV magazine. Results indicated that for individuals who expressed a fear of being obese, exposure to the weight loss reality TV show reinforced negative explicit attitudes toward obese individuals by activating a perception of weight controllability. Exposure to the weight loss reality TV show also enhanced negative implicit attitudes toward obese individuals among all adolescents, irrespective of their fear of being obese. Altogether, our findings underscore the role of media in perpetuating weight bias.


In a city with fast growth and development, this project aims to embody the resources of its origin and nurturing vein, Umealv, and project its movements into the future. Through the tools of an architecture that promotes and envisions timber constructions this project searches for cues methods and composition of the traditional timber buildings in the region in conjunction of an age of prefabrication.


Indirectly driven, ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability growth measurements in Ge-doped plastic foils were studied using face-on and side-on x-ray radiography. Laminated samples consisting of alternating layers of Ge-doped and undoped plastic and homogeneous Ge-doped foils were considered. We show for the first time that hydrodynamics do not depend upon structuration of the samples and that stabilization occurs in the case of laminated samples. All data were found to be in good agreement with bi-dimensional hydrosimulations based on theoretical and numerical predictions published earlier [L. Masse, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 245001 (2007)], encouraging new designs using laminated structures for ignition capsules.


Background: Smoking cigarettes is a process during which many harmful substances are introduced into the lungs and the influence of these substances on the human body is not completely known. There are many diseases caused by smoking. Interestingly, there are also reports of positive consequences of smoking on some disorders. Aim of the study: The purpose of this article is to review the literature in regards to the diseases in which cigarettes might have a paradoxically beneficial effect — both on the onset and their course. We also want to focus on the mechanisms responsible for this impact. Material and Methods: Electronic searching of PubMed was performed. We analyzed articles published in the last 10 years with a particular emphasis on the most recent publications. Combinations of the following words were used: "smoking", "nicotine", and "autoimmune". Publications were selected for reliability and non-bias. Results: A total of 69 articles out of 2979 qualified for the review. Only studies involving humans were included. The positive effect of smoking cigarettes is observed especially in immunological diseases. It is possible that it is mediated by both stimulating and suppressing the immune system. It is assumed that cigarettes can reduce the risk of developing certain diseases. Smoking might also have an impact on the course of different comorbidities in the same patient. Conclusions: There are many different mechanisms through which cigarette smoke and nicotine affect the human body. The harmful impact of these substances on one's health has been demonstrated and their addictive component disqualifies them as remedies. Analysis of the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of nicotine can lead to the search for new forms of therapy and prevention.


Aim: Recurrent wheezing is a common problem in preschool children. It is classified into two groups because there can be many reasons for wheeze: typical and atypical. The aim of this study was to identify the general features of atypical wheezy children. Material and Methods: Three hundred two children who presented to our clinic between 2000 and 2015 for three or more wheezing attacks and were diagnosed as having an underlying disease such as bronchiec- tasis, foreign body aspiration, recurrent aspiration pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital anomalies, and tuber- culosis, were included in the study. Results: In this study, 127 (42.1%) girls and 175 (57.9%) boys were eval- uated. The diagnostic distribution of the patients was as follows: bronchopulmonary dysplasia (21.9%), bronchiolitis obliterans (16.6%), bronchiectasis (14.5%), bronchiolitis obliterans + primary immunodeficiency (12.3%), cystic fibrosis (10.3%), bronchiectasis + primary immun- odeficiency (7.9%), recurrent aspiration pneumonia (3.6%) and foreign body aspiration (3.3%), and other diseases (9.6%). Mosaic oligemia, bronchiectasis, atelectasis, bronchiolectasis, and small airway disease were the most distinct findings on high-resolution lung tomography. When the patients were evaluated clinically, radiologically, and accord-ing to pulmonary functions after an average period of 40 months, it was seen that 9.2% deteriorated, 33.9% regressed, and 56.7% remained stable. Presentation to hospital after the first attack occurred earlier in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, bronchiolitis obliterans and bronchiolitis obliterans + primary immunodeficiency compared with


This paper draws on new comparative data from these three cycles of Crimean constitutional process (1992-1994, 1995-1998 and 2014-2018) to provide evidence for a novel approach to changes in political and legal systems - an approach that explains both the impact of constitutional crises as well as the robustness of the systems themselves to a more serious destabilization. Our analyses suggest that the political and legal systems have an inbuilt mechanism that saves them from overheating in times of crisis. The mechanism operates simultaneously on the level of law enforcement and at the level of lawmaking. It is based on the assumption that the political elites are risk-averse. While they react to constitutional crises by looking for new solutions, they mostly do so in "restrained" forms of legal regulation where the consequences of change are easily comprehensible. In political and legal systems that are already relatively complex internal structure, however, the political elite shy away from experimentation and rather rely on tested strategies. Constitutional crises therefore tend to stabilize unstable systems and to destabilize stable ones. They rarely push complex systems over a critical threshold of no return. Based on a positive and contrasting comparison of the three different phases of Crimean constitutional process the period 1992-1994 considered as a transformative constitutional regime in statu nascendi (in the formation stage) with signs of restrained independence in rulemaking. Content analysis of the Crimean constitutions in times of Ukraine (1992, 1995, 1998), fundamental amendments to them and changes in the current legislation, revealed the so-called "negative integration" of the autonomous region into Ukraine (1995-1998). As a result, the legal space of post-2014 was characterized by the presence of both new, not yet tested, and the former, several modified institutions, on the basis of which the current Constitution of the Republic of Crimea 2014 was created. The article presents quantitative data and qualitative "illustrations" of various indicators of the legislation of the Republic of Crimea as a normative component of the legal system using a functional research method.


Qualitative studies have played an important role in elucidating the lived experience of psychosis and there has recently been an increase in the number of such studies. There is now an urgent need to draw together the findings of these studies. This paper performed a meta-synthesis of inductive qualitative peer-reviewed research into psychosis. Ninety-seven articles were identified for systematic appraisal. Four themes, "Losing," "Identifying a need for, and seeking, help," "Rebuilding and reforging," and "Better than new: gifts from psychosis," were identified. Central to the first and third themes were the loss and regaining of basic human needs such as sleep, physical and financial security, relationships with friends and family, self-esteem, and hope. The important implications of the four themes for clinical practice, and for future research are examined, and it is demonstrated how the experience of psychosis is much more than simply just hallucinations and/or delusions.


A simplified approach is proposed for buckling analysis of skeletal structures, which employs a 'rotational spring analogy' for the formulation of the geometric stiffness matrix. The benefit of this analogy is that it offers an intuitive framework, which is based on the common notions of linear structural analysis. Assuming that the structural deflections prior to buckling are negligible, a linear eigenvalue problem, utilising the geometric and material stiffness matrices, can be easily formulated and solved for the critical buckling loads. This can be further simplified using an assumed mode, where the rotational spring analogy is shown to provide considerable computational benefits and significant insight into the buckling of various forms of skeletal structure. In this context, the use of different assumed modes can be conceived as a process of probing the structure to establish the most likely mode for buckling and the corresponding critical load. It is also shown that the approximation inherent in th...


Atlantic salmon smolts were sampled from the intake screens of the Oldbury power station in the inner Severn Estuary at weekly intervals between July 1972 and June 1977. These catches, and those taken over nearly three years from the nearby Berkeley power station, demonstrated that the abundance of smolts in the estuary peaked in autumn (October) and, to a far greater extent, in spring (April and May). However, small numbers of smolts were occasionally found in all other months of the year except July. Standard length-frequency distributions of smolts remained unimodal throughout the year. Lengths ranged from 76 to 187 mm, mean 130·2 ±1·87 mm (95% CL), and wet weights ranged from 5·4 to 68·0 g, mean 26·9 ±1·17 g. The mean monthly standard length of smolts increased slightly between the autumn of one year and the spring/early summer of the next year, suggesting that, on average, the former were six months younger than the latter. The condition factor was significantly greater in autumn (1·40) than in spring (1·23). It is estimated that the total number of salmon smolts entrained annually on the screens at Oldbury during the five years ranged from 92 to 791, with a mean of 405. Total estimated numbers at Berkeley ranged from 196 to 788 per annum. The numbers at Oldbury are lower than those estimated for the downstream migrants of the Twaite shad, another anadromous species, and far lower than those of the most abundant of the marine fish species that use the Severn Estuary as a nursery area.


The aim of this article is to show the influence of academic and professional marketing English on Polish marketing discourse. In view of Poland's transformative role in communist Europe, the paper can be regarded as a pilot study for the discussion of the phenomenon addressed in the context of the experience of other post-socialist nations. The analysis of the adaptation of English borrowings was based on numerous documents, participant observations and interviews. Critical Discourse Analysis with qualitative methods was the main methodological approach. The study shows that Polish marketing discourse is a linguistic-cognitive hybrid of Western and Polish cultures. For this hybrid, English has become both a trigger and a marker, as well as a carrier of the power of Western marketing ideology. Terminological borrowings from English were much needed, but in many situations there were conceptual or linguistic problems with their adaptation.


[Objective] To learn the morbidity of pneumoconiosis in 75 factories in Hu Nan.[Methods] Pneumoconiosis survey was carried out on dust-exposed workers.[Results] 4103 people wore found pneumoconiosis,which was 5.02% of the total.201 cases were newly infected.861 cased were combined with tuberculosis,which was 20.98% of the total.[Conclusion] The damage of dust shouldn't be ignored.Effective methods should be carried out to reduce the morbidity of pneumoconiosis.


High impact polystyrene and related monovinyl aromatic polymer has any of the good resistance to generally high modulus or environmental stress cracking. The present invention has both good resistance to high modulus and environmental stress cracking, thereby subject The reduction of members, and / or a polymeric material that allows the use of materials in new applications. Method of providing high molecular weight matrix polymer, the concentration was reduced elastomer polymer, or a large rubber particle size: The present invention provides the following one feature or more, or even based on all the use. .BACKGROUND


The 11th Annual AAP Legislative Conference is only two months away! The conference, set for April 26-28 in Washington, D.C., prepares child advocates for the political process by offering the advocacy training necessary to advance child health and pediatric issues through legislation and regulation on both the state and federal level. Registration fees for AAP members are $325; for nonmembers, $525. To register, contact the Washington Office at (800) 336-5475.


The present invention relates to a circuit for removing noise in a system using a direct current (DC) power source, the circuit comprising: a DC power source having a positive terminal connected to at least one load via a first node and a negative terminal connected to the load via a second node; an RC parallel circuit connected in parallel to the first node; and a capacitor connected between the RC parallel circuit and the second node.


A facile route has been developed for the preparation of a new family of oligophenyls based on a 2,5,2′,5′-tetra-aryl substituted biphenyl structural motif. The cruciform terphenyl dimer 2,5,2′,5′-tetra(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (2) has been prepared in a two step protocol as a representative of this interesting class of materials. The thermal behaviour of the cruciform was analysed by DSC and shows that 2 forms an amorphous glass when cooled from the isotropic melt. Subsequent heating reveals a glass transition temperature at 130 °C. X-Ray single crystal structure analysis of 2,2′-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (4) and 2 shows that both these molecules with a quater-phenyl substructure adopt a folded solid-state structure. Examining the 1H NMR spectra of 2 and 4 reveals that the interactions that induce this folding in the solid-state are sufficiently strong to bias foldamer formation also in solution. Consequently, it is reasonable to assume that the folded conformation within the lattice is due to intramolecular π–π interaction rather than being imposed by crystal packing. The optical properties of the cruciform terphenyl dimer 2 are discussed relative to the linear analogue 1,4-bis(4-tert-butylterphenyl)benzene (3).


Fluid dynamics and mixing transport of the rhombic micromixer with truncate angles have been investigated by 3D numerical simulations and experiments. Simulation result shows this rhombic microchannel with truncate angles has high mixing efficiency, compared to cross-shape microchannel. Over 90% mixing enhanced by vortices had been achieved at Re ≫ 100. Different to photolithography process, CO2 laser machine is used to fabricate the master mold rapidly. Experimental results show this rhombic micromixer enhances much mixing at Re 18.6 and uniform mixing at Re 186, respectively. This device is suitable to the application of high-throughput chemical production.


This working paper analyses the relationship between the European Union and the G20, with an emphasis on how the two bodies have impacted and shaped each other's agendas. Both entities mark, in very different ways, a changing world order in which states are cooperating ever more closely in order to tackle transnational challenges. However, the relationship between both entities deserves more attention. In this working paper, both the representation of the EU (and its Member States) at the G20 and the impact of G20 decisions on EU legislation are analysed. We argue that the relationship between both organizations is at the same time problematic and symbiotic. Symbiotic as the EU has influenced the functioning of the G20 while the G20 agenda has itself had an impact on EU legislation. It is problematic in the sense that the EU is arguably over-represented in the G20, and there is little in the EU's treaties to guide the relationship between the EU and global processes such as the G20.


Background: RNA granules are associated with translational control and neurodegenerative disease. Results: Nuclear factor associated with dsRNA 2 (NFAR2) enhances RNA granule assembly through two domains, one of which is antagonized by nuclear factor 45 (NF45). Conclusion: NFAR2 and NF45 play novel regulatory roles in RNA granule assembly and disassembly. Significance: Mechanisms of RNA granule assembly and disassembly are the basis for understanding translational control and neurodegenerative disease. RNA granules are large messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes that regulate translation and mRNA translocation to control the timing and location of protein synthesis. The regulation of RNA granule assembly and disassembly is a structural basis of translational control, and its disorder is implicated in degenerative disease. Here, we used proteomic analysis to identify proteins associated with RNA granule protein 105 (RNG105)/caprin1, an RNA-binding protein in RNA granules. Among the identified proteins, we focused on nuclear factor (NF) 45 and its binding partner, nuclear factor associated with dsRNA 2 (NFAR2), and we demonstrated that NF45 promotes disassembly of RNA granules, whereas NFAR2 enhances the assembly of RNA granules in cultured cells. The GQSY domain of NFAR2 was required to associate with messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes containing RNG105/caprin1, and it was structurally and functionally related to the low complexity sequence domain of the fused in sarcoma protein, which drives the assembly of RNA granules. Another domain of NFAR2, the DZF domain, was dispensable for association with the RNG105 complex, but it was involved in positive and negative regulation of RNA granule assembly by being phosphorylated at double-stranded RNA-activated kinase sites and by association with NF45, respectively. These results suggest a novel molecular mechanism for the modulation of RNA granule assembly and disassembly by NFAR2, NF45, and phosphorylation at double-stranded RNA-activated kinase PKR sites.


ABSTRACT In this article I develop my argument for a shallow interpretivist theory of sport by showing that whereas it applies to all oppositional sports, the standard theory of sport for the past twenty years or so, broad internalism, does not. Using Scott Kretchmar's distinction between tests and contests I argue that contrary to Kretchmar's view, whereas contests in test-based games are derived from some foundational test, the converse is true for oppositional games. The tests of oppositional games and sports are derived from the contest, and more specifically from opposing competitors. This means that there are no foundational tests in oppositional sports because the excellences necessary for success necessarily conflict. Since broad internalism is marked by the sort of essentialism underlying the test-based conception of sport, and its corresponding privileging of some consistent and foundational set of skills and abilities, it therefore follows that broad internalism does not apply to oppositional sports. Instead we must look to shallow interpretivism to understand the nature of test-based and oppositional sports.


The invention provides a method and a device for monitoring a newspapering process. The method comprises the steps of: collecting the number of operating personnel, the planed operating time and the actual operating time of each edition in each process, wherein the process comprises the steps of: compositing, cleaning proofs, signing and issuing, transferring the edition, edition making, printing, issuing and delivering; and displaying the number of operating personnel, the planed operating time, the actual operating time, and the time difference of the planed operating time and the actual operating time on a management terminal. The invention also provides a device for monitoring the newspapering process. According to the method and the device, the finishing state of each edition in each flow can be timely grasped; the other processes of the edition are further scheduled; and the operating efficiency of the newspapering is also improved.


An array of teaching tools have been developed enormously today sparking interest for educators in their instruction. Edmodo, which is also one of the CALL applications that can be accessed online both from computer and mobile telephone is one option for teachers and students and can be operated to post various things related to EFL teaching-learning process. However, many educators are reluctant to embed with them pedagogical function which coming along in the use of Edmodo. This research employed open-ended questionnaire which is spread to English Language Education ULM students who are taking Extensive Reading course. This research contributes to picture out perception in implementing Edmodo as Web-Quest as well Learning Management System (LMS) in online classroom instructional activities. The result of this study shows that the involvement of Edmodo to material delivery still does not encounter the predicted expectation. The limited storing material in the application and lack of feedback of the task through the media are the reasons of the barrier. In conclusion, the use of Edmodo needs to be developed along with the mindset of students centered activities.


Numerical models represent a tool commonly used to delineate hazard areas affected by debris flows activity. There are several modelling approaches documented in the literature, their applicability depends largely on a series of factors, such as e.g. the mixture rheology and alluvial fan or transport and deposition area topography.
We applied two different numerical models to simulate the well documented debris flow event of the Rossiga Valley (Italian Southern Alps) of November 2002. The event mobilized about 90'000 m3 of material and spread it over the alluvial fan, damaging 3 buildings and killing some livestock.
The models are both two-dimensional, but differ greatly in their approaches, how the debris flow expansion is modelled. The first model is a rather simple, empirical model (DFWalk), based on a multiple flow direction algorithm for the flow routing and a two-parameters approach for the debris flow velocity (Gamma, 2000). The second one, (Flo 2D) is physically based, and models the expansion of a non-Newtonian single phase flow based on a given inflow hydrograph (O'Brien et al., 1993).
The two models were applied to the Rossiga Valley debris flow event, and their outputs were compared. The Flo 2D model is able to replicate the inundation extent and flow velocity, but it requires more input data and computational time. The model results are very sensitive to the imposed input data. The DFWalk model needs less input data, but it seems not useful at replicating huge events such as the Rossiga debris flow. The model results are sensitive to the topography and the grid cell size.


The determinant is an important tool in algebra and other contents. The determinant calculation has certain regularity and skill, and in the process of learning the determinant, calculation methods and techniques of the determinant are often difficult to grasp, so according to the determinant of the characteristics appropriate calculating methods should be chosen. This paper gives six algorithms to a type of the determinant.


While airport fees only make up about 6% of airlines' total operating costs, airlines will often make waves over increases in airport fees. This article addresses the factors that contribute to making a decision whether to serve or continue to serve a particular market, in order to understand how airlines make that determination. It is argued that cost per emplanement (CPE) is not a good way to assess the costs to operate at an airport because rate-making methodology is different at every airport. Examples are provided of various airports' successes in raising fees while also increasing enplanements, along with advice for how to increase rates while maintaining business.


This paper reports the development of a MEMS based aligned carbon nanotube, thermal surface shear stress sensor for micro shear stress sensing applications. This paper is focused on the theory of alignment of CNTs during sensing element fabrication as well as experimental and calibration results from sensor testing. It is found that CNTs can be routinely aligned between surface micromachined gold electrodes using AC dielectrophoresis to form shear stress sensing elements. In order to fabricate the sensing element, a 25 Vp-p electric field at 3 MHz was used to form a ~150 μm wide line of aligned CNTs. The measured resistance of the sensing element was 580 Ω. The fabricated CNT shear stress sensor has been tested by bonding a Plexiglas channel to the electrode chip in order to create a 2D internal flow. The CNT shear stress sensor was found to have an average TCR of −0.0112%/°C or −0.0691Ω/°C and a current to voltage ratio of 0.07 mA/V.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


Intravascular imaging has incrementally gained in clinical relevance in recent years. First triggered by the introduction of intravascular ultrasound .25 years ago, interest has recently been augmented by the widespread implementation of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in cardiac catheterization laboratories. OCT, because of its outstanding spatial resolution in the range of 10–20 mm relative to comparative invasive and non-invasive imaging modalities, has been charged with great expectations regarding its potential to advance our capabilities in detecting and characterizing vascular pathologies. In particular for patients undergoing stent implantation, OCT has been put forward as a promising tool to assess the status of vascular healing, which has been identified as an important landmark in pathology studies determining the risk of acute and late thrombotic events in stented coronary arteries. Furthermore, the ongoing dispute about the optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy following drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation, along with demands to personalize clinical decision-making in this regard, further fuelled the need for clinical surrogate parameters enabling clinicians to appreciate the status of vascular healing. However, despite the unequivocal agreement among interventional cardiologists that OCT is the most likely technology to fulfil these expectations, evidence derived from prospective clinical trials is still lacking to date. Furthermore, the unconditional acceptance of OCT to detect vascular pathologies reliably has recently been challenged by reports describing its limitations in differentiating critical components of the status of vascular healing following stent implantation, such as endothelialization and fibrin deposition. In this vein, in the current issue of the journal, Hara et al. report a novel combination imaging application of near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) and optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI). The authors utilized a near infrared (NIR) visible dye tagged to a peptide recognizing fibrin deposition in combination with OFDI after stent implantation in rabbit aorta. The study provided sound evidence of the system's feasibility in advancing OCT-derived information on strut coverage by specific imaging of fibrin deposition, which was shown not only to be significantly different among bare metal stents and DES at a 7-day time point but also to exhibit relevant dynamic changes between 7 and 28 days in this model. In this regard, the classical binomial metric of strut coverage derived from OCT image analysis was expanded using NIRF–OFDI to depict the principal presence or absence of fibrin deposition, a marker of delayed arterial healing. Proof-of-principle for the specific detection of fibrin was achieved by elaborate co-registration of longitudinal NIRF–OFDI image views with en face epifluorescent capturing of emission signals in the NIR range. In addition to that, cross-sectional co-registration was also performed following comparison of light microscopic sections with tomographic views of the combined NIRF–OFDI system. In this regard, the authors must be congratulated for providing outstanding fundamentals in validating a novel multimodality imaging system in a well-conducted pre-clinical study. The contribution to the field of cardiovascular imaging is undoubtedly enormous considering the rapid adoption of OCT-derived strut coverage rates as a surrogate parameter of vascular healing in dedicated clinical trials along with all its limitations. The scepticism regarding the reliability of strut coverage by OCT in defining fully healed stent struts has recently resulted in novel approaches to utilize OCT-derived grey-scale signal (GSI) analysis for the determination of mature vs. immature tissue coverage after DES implantation by our laboratory. Threshold levels in GSI were derived from post-mortem stented coronary arteries and translated into clinical practice by applying the same threshold levels to detect immature tissue coverage 6 months after DES implantation (Figure 1). With the help of this novel algorithm, we have been able to distinguish immature tissue coverage above stent struts, which was found in the vast majority of cases (72.3% at 6 months). Despite the lack of prospective clinical confirmation, our study was the first to challenge the concept of conventional strut coverage rates being reflective of arterial healing after stent implantation, which was recently supported by efforts to establish threshold levels in neointimal growth to detect covered stent struts more reliably. The major limitation of OCT was


In the present study we have evaluated the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal recorded during ankle dorsal and plantar flexion in children with spastic Cerebral Palsy (CP) after Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) of the Tibialis Anterior (TA) muscles. The intervention group had 10 children with spastic diaplegic/hemiplegic CP within the age group of 5 to 14years of age who received both FES for 30 minutes and the conventional physiotherapy for 30 minutes a day, while the control group had 5 children who received only conventional physiotherapy for 60(30 + 30) minutes a day only. Both group weretreated for 5days a week, up to 12 weeks. The EEG data were analyzed for Peak Alpha Frequency (PAF), sensorimotor rhythm (SMR), muwave suppression and power spectral density (PSD) of all the bands. The results showed a decrease in SMRand mu wave suppression in the intervention group ascompared to the control group, indicating apositive/greater improvement in performance of motoractivities. Therefore, from this study we could concludethat FES combined with conventional physiotherapyimproves the motor activity in children with spastic CP.


Internet of Vehicles is an integration of VANETs and IoT to enhance the proficiency of VANETs by incorporating smartness. Due to its numerous characteristics, it has gained lot of attention among researchers. Nature inspired algorithms are inspired from nature's strategy to cope with all day to day problems. In this review, main focus is to explore nature-inspired algorithms as these are quite beneficial in optimization. Nature-inspired algorithms are capable to deal with all kind of complex problems so in this paper, its applicability in internet of vehicles has been explored. In internet of vehicles, nature –inspired algorithms can be applied mainly in two aspects-Routing and Security. It aims to optimize all routing issues among vehicles as delay and timely information cannot be tolerated in real-time applications. On the other hand, security is of major concern in vehicular networks thus, nature inspired algorithms are able to prevent various attacks. In this paper, we have reviewed both routing and security applications of nature-inspired algorithms.


An attempt has been made to assess under double blind trial, the hypnotic potency of five commonly used hypnotics, in the face of a rapidly filling bladder. All drugs significantly prolonged sleep interval and increased depth of sleep when compared to placebo. When drugs were compared in pairs. there was no significant difference between them except that methaqualone diphenhydramine combination significantly prolonged sleep interval when compared to seconol sodium. The incidence of drowsiness was significant with diphenhydramine (P <0.02) and the occurrence of dreams was very significant with nitrazepum (P <0.001). Head-ache, heaviness of head and dizziness was complained of with methaqualone-diphenhydramine combination (P <0.02). There was no correlation between volume of urine on awakening and sleep interval.


The alternating current scanning electrochemical microscopy (AC-SECM) is an important method to characterize the electrochemical activity of living cells. In this paper, we apply AC-SECM to measure the electrochemical activity of diatom biofilm. We find that the diatom biofilm presents insulating effect to decrease the current, when the electrode is close to the biofilm. The alternating current impedance of diatom biofilm is overall smaller than that of the bare glass. To investigate the possible effect of chemical stimulus on cellular activity, the diatoms were immersed into paeonol solution (100 μg/mL), and AC-SECM imaging experiments were conducted when immersion time reached 20 h, 25 h and 35 h. The AC measurements performed at high frequencies show that phase angle decreases over time, which preliminarily indicates that the cellular activity of diatoms is affected by paeonol.


In the present investigation an attempt was made for assessment of Seasonal Variation in Physico-chemical properties in three different lotic ecosystems in Gadchiroli district of Maharashtra during the year 2006 and 2007. The study reveals that most of the properties of all the sites show moderate variation in their concentration for all seasons. All the three sites have more or less similar ecological status. The site-I and site-II have greater nutrient concentration. The region of the site-I and site-II are somewhat disturbed by the anthropogenic activities while site-III with less or undisturbed by the same. Having a glimpse of values of physico-chemical properties such as BOD, COD, Nitrate, Phosphate, Alkalinity, DO, Free CO2 etc. disclosed that all the three ecosystems under investigation are mildly polluted. Lotic Ecosystems, PhysicoChemical Properties, Seasonal Variation


The need for the soil in agriculture is crucial and its role is prominent. But the process of urbanization takes away the land in larger areas. So continuous cropping on the rest of the land makes the soil to lose it's fertility as all the nutrients are consumed. In quest of an alternative solution, we have gone through the Hydroponics. In this paper, we integrate IoT into our solution and also reduce power consumption by utilizing Solar Energy. Hydroponics is a special type of farming where the growth of plants takes place in a soil-free medium, provided with a blend of water along with nutrients. As an alternative for soil, we are here using Rockwool as support for plants to withstand. We provide the water with nutrients required by the plant, the plants do not have to call for root system on the lookout for water, nutrients, oxygen. In this process, the plant is permitted to spend its energy on its production. Hydroponics allows us to make farms in certain locations where conditions of soil are too poor to support farming, space is limited. The IoT system continuously monitors the farm and also displays the data with regards to the plant growth by which we can get the values of pH,water level, temperature, and humidity in the hydroponic reservoir. The role of pH sensor is main as we are using nutrient-enriched water. The initiation of IoT in Hydroponics assists farmers, by keeping an eye on the plant growth by delivering information regarding the aspects of the water, humidity, temperature. The respective statistics are achieved through cloud-connected sensors.


proportion of acid has the power of more or less dissolving the lead pipes through which it is conveyed to a distance, and thus water which, so far as the actual acid is concerned, is harmless enough, becomes dangerous to health through the action of this acid on the leaden pipes. This acidity is common in the water of moorland gathering grounds, because of the peaty soil through which it passes, and with


The paper applies an urban growth model in which determinants and indicators of growth (population,
employment, wages, and human capital) appear on both sides of the equation. The model captures
feedback and circular effects grounded in a general equilibrium perspective. The econometric model,
a seemingly unrelated regression panel (SUR-P) with city fixed effects, is estimated for a system of 135
Canadian cities. The results reveal a system in which the determinants of growth for cities are largely
consistent with the literature but also that the same determinants (city attributes) affect differently
growth depending on the indicators selected.


Preface Chapter 1 - Thermomechanical crack growth using boundary elements Introduction DBEM for steady state problems Numerical implementation DBEM for transient problems Crack growth simulation Numerical examples Conclusions Appendix Chapter 2 - Finite element modelling of thermo-mechanical fracture: theory and case studies Introduction Development of a compatible and complete crack tip element Determination of stress intensity factor at crack tip Analysis of a bimaterial strip having a crack tip at interface Analysis of a power plant nozzle with kinked crack Analysis of PWR vessel under pressurized thermal shock Conclusions Chapter 3 - Prediction of crack initiation and growth under thermal fatigue Statement Experimental procedures Crack initiation Crack growth prediction Perspectives Conclusions Chapter 4 - Predicting crack growth along polymer interfaces due to water attack and thermal fatigue Introduction Hydro-thermal fatigue testing of polymer interfaces Modeling for Hydrothermal fatigue crack growth Sub-critical crack growth along PI/epoxy interface Development of a model for stress assisted water attack Predictions Discussion Conclusions Appendix I Chapter 5 - The saturation of thermomechanical fatigue damage in brittle materials Introduction Experimental techniques for characterizing microcrack damage Thermal shock/thermal fatigue Effects of specimen size, environment and microstructure on thermal shock/thermal fatigue damage Summary and conclusions Chapter 6 - Plasticity induced heating in the fracture and cutting of metals Introduction Theory of thermomechanical coupling in solids Thermal dissipation of plastic work Dynamic crack growth Stable crack tearing Transient thermal fields in metal cutting Summary and conclusions Chapter 7 - Tensile ductility and fracture of aluminum-SiC composites under changing temperature conditions Introduction Microstructure of discontinuously reinforced Al-SiC composites Creep of Al-SiC composites under isothermal conditions Creep of Al-SiC composites under changing temperature (thermal cycling) conditions Tensile elongation Fracture behavior Model for fracture elongation of Al-SiC composites under thermal cycling creep conditions Further remarks Conclusions List of Symbols Chapter 8 - Effects of residual stress on thermal fatigue phenomena of aluminum die casting dies Introduction Present state in thermal fatigue of aluminum die casting dies Measurements of residual stress and observations of heat checking on the actual die Thermal fatigue behavior on various hot work die steels Thermal fatigue behavior for die steels and maraging die steels Thermal fatigue behavior on nitriding and peening-nitriding-peenin treated die steels Thermal fatigue behavior of multiple nitrided dies steel specimens Thermal fatigue behavior hot work die steels treated by sulphonitriding Effects of thermal fatigue phenomenon on hot work die steels to surface formed PVD, CVD and PCVD thin films Thermal fatigue behavior of surface on electric discharge machined hot work die steels Application examples Conclusion


Recently, the use of coal briquette has already been socialized to substitute the role of oil and firewood in the household and small industries. In general the use of coal briquette burning stoves for household and small industries purposes is often conducted indoors, with inadequate ventilation. Yet knowledge of emissions from coal briquette burning stoves and how to evaluate emission and expo- sure levels are very limited and need to be developed. Study of indoor air pollution was undertaken to evaluate SO 2 , CO and NO x concentrations and its exposure potentials coming from the utilization of coal briquette for household and small industries purposes. Its results were compared to the charcoal burning process. To estimate the indoor concentration and exposure potential, the single-compart- ment mass balance model was used. Results show that the total amounts of hourly emitted SO2, CO and NOx for 1 kg coal briquette burning vary from 5.32-14.71 mg kg -1 ; 2.76-12.54 mg kg -1 and 112- 288 mg kg -1 , respectively. While those emitted from charcoal burning are 0 mg kg -1 , 6.79 mg kg -1 and 201 mg kg -1 . The air exchange rate gives an effect to concentration level, peak indoor concentration and duration after the burning process. The hourly average concentrations of SO 2 , CO and NO x in the unventilated room are 22, 42 and 10 times, respectively higher than the used standards. While for charcoal burning, those were 0, 17 and 6 times, respectively.


Vietnam has undergone a significant change from a relatively closed economy as a result of the reform process initiated in the late 1980s. This has been accompanied by rapid economic growth and substantial poverty reduction during the 1990s. Since one of the main mechanisms through which greater openness is expected to lead to poverty reduction is via the labour market, the paper examines the impact which trade flows have had on employment in Vietnam since the early 1990s. Using a variety of different methods, the paper shows that the growth of exports has had a significant positive effect on employment, while increased import competition had a negative effect both directly and indirectly through rationalization of producers facing foreign competition. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Integration of high-voltage devices on SOI substrates with deep trench isolation offers the possibility to combine low-voltage circuitry and high-voltage devices on the same chip. However, due to the buried oxide, all device contacts have to be on top of the silicon. Consequently the on-resistance does not scale in the same manner as for conventional vertical devices. In this paper, an analytical model is developed, which accurately predicts the specific on-resistance and its dependency on the number of cells. It is shown that the model predicts an optimum number of cells for a minimal specific on-resistance.


This paper focuses on the banking correspondent's network as social innovation NETWORK. We argue that banking correspondents are contributing to achieve societal goals of reducing poverty under conditions of knowledge sharing of microfinance technologies among social relevant groups. More specifically, we are looking at how to propagate bank's microfinance services within low-income communities through knowledge sharing practices. Financial services access provides critical investment opportunities and liquidity for consumption for the poor who have been traditionally left aside of financial markets (Llanto & Fukui, 2003) and is also one of the most important conditions to improve the chances of self-employed individuals who are close to the poverty line (Abramovay, 2004). Well-applied technology allows for a broader range of distribution channels and increased productivity among microfinance providers (Sanabria, 2006). In combination with greater economies of scales, technologies have resulted in a reduction of the total cost of debt in those places were the microfinance activity has been developed (Sanabria, 2006). Innovations help reduce the MFIs' transaction costs and risks. They also make it possible for poor households to satisfy their investment and consumption requirements (Llanto & Fukui, 2003). When many agents join in a network to create new combinations of existing technologies, they create an innovation through a social innovation network. Ideas of a group can solve problems of others, but only if connections between solutions and problems are made between groups (Hargadon & Sutton 1997). This paper describes an emerging technological and social innovation network in Brazilian microfinance sector, which are the correspondent banking networks. Correspondent banking arrangements refer to bank partnerships with non-bank entities, such as lottery kiosks, post offices, MFIs and so forth to provide distribution outlets for financial services (Kumar at al, 2006). A set of correspondents connected to a bank and managed by a network integrator form a correspondent banking‐network (Diniz, Pozzebon & Jayo, 2009), which is a social innovation network. To shed this argument, we present the case study of Palmas Institute enriched by many of its social actors' visions. First, we present the Palmas Institute history according to information collected on sites, interviews, documents and academic articles (Diniz, Pozzebon, Jayo & Araujo, 2008). Second, we use a conceptual framework provided by Pozzebon, Diniz & Jayo (2008) to present and analyze the social innovation network. Respondents were selected according to their job, position in the organization and role in the negotiation process. Data were codified in categories, inspired by this study's conceptual framework. For each category, we have first presented a general view of the results. Then, we compared the results by the different "relevant social groups". Our main contribution is to present distinctive perspectives about the theme, discussing banking correspondent's network's ways of improving the appropriation of microfinance technologies by low-income communities.


Abstract The adverse effects of channelization on the environmental quality of streams and rivers at a global scale are well documented, but the magnitude of human-induced changes in river systems relative to the efficacy of geomorphological processes has yet to be ascertained quantitatively. Stream channelization is a common feature of the agricultural landscapes of the midwestern United States. This study shows that channelization in the Embarras River basin of east central Illinois has altered stream channel and planform geometries to an extent that exceeds background rates of change for unchannelized reaches by one to two orders of magnitude. The average rate of change in channel position resulting from stream responses to channelization also greatly exceeds the average rate of change for unchannelized reaches, yet the spatial extent of stream adjustments to channelization is limited, and most straightened or relocated channels persist in their altered state for decades following channelization.


The purpose of smart grid architecture as compared to the conventional grid is to ensure more stability, reliability and bi-directional communication between the utility and the consumer. The deployment of the same has succeeded in improving the efficiency of the distribution systems and effective co-ordination and interoperability among the different components of the grid. Smart inverters play a major role in seamless grid integration, control and conversion of power when the renewable energy sources are present. However, they come with several security challenges as well, which are of considerable concern. Certain cyber threats include physical and cyber attacks, natural phenomena which in turn can lead to grid failure, blackouts, commercial energy losses, privacy and safety issues, etc. Therefore, there is a need for critical examination of all these issues which must be considered for designing cyber secure smart inverters at the distribution level. In this comprehensive review, keeping the technological perspective in mind, the existing gaps and the necessity for the same are highlighted. The various topologies, IEEE protocols and the control strategy are presented in detail. This will enable prospective researchers to address the design issues of smart inverters with greater focus on security and reliability aspects.


The state of the art in design automation is a key to the effective utilization of the increasing density and functional complexity attainable on a "chip" today. The Department of Defense's Very High Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program is targeting a density-speed product of 1 × 1013 Gate-Hz/CM2 by the late 80's. Commercial developments are also achieving greater and greater densities. That the problems of design have been greatly exacerbated by the present and anticipated VLSI densities is well documented in the technical literature. The DAC panels in 1979 and in 1980 focused upon design automation and VLSI in the 80's. The questions before this panel center upon the role of Government in acceleration of design automation development and whether or not commercial development of design automation capability for VLSI can keep pace with Government requirements.
 The attached outline (Figure 1) provides an overview of the many facets related to the depth and breadth of the Government's interest and potential involvement in the development of design automation capability. The panelists have been asked to submit a short position paper and prepare a five-minute explanation of their views.


Diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases usually relies on the widely used standard 12-Lead (S12) ECG system. However, such a system could be bulky, too resource-intensive, and too specialized for personalized home-based monitoring. In contrast, clinicians are generally not trained on the alternative proposal, i.e., the reduced lead (RL) system. This necessitates mapping RL to S12. In this context, to improve upon traditional linear transformation (LT) techniques, artificial intelligence (AI) approaches like long short-term memory (LSTM) networks capturing non-linear temporal dependencies, have been suggested. However, LSTM does not adequately interpolate spatially (in 3D). To fill this gap, we propose a combined LSTM-UNet model that also handles spatial aspects of the problem, and demonstrate performance improvement. Evaluated on PhysioNet PTBDB database, our LSTM-UNet achieved a mean R^2 value of 94.37%, surpassing LSTM by 0.79% and LT by 2.73%. Similarly, for PhysioNet INCARTDB database, LSTM-UNet achieved a mean R^2 value of 93.91%, outperforming LSTM by 1.78% and LT by 12.17%.


The present invention resides in a treatment of chronic cervicitis suppository, characterized in that: its main component include α- mannan peptide 20-40%, 60-80% Chinese broad antibacterial spectrum. The main component further comprises 20-40% α- mannan peptide, a broad antibacterial spectrum medicine 30-60%, anti-Trichomonas vaginalis medicine 10-30%. The main component further comprises 20-40% α- mannan peptide, a broad antibacterial spectrum medicine 20-40%, anti-Trichomonas vaginalis medicine 10-20%, heat and dampness Chinese medicinal 10-30% . This treatment of chronic cervicitis suppositories, which uses a synthetic medicine biologic causes of chronic cervicitis suppositories for pathological changes, a reasonable set of square, dialectical therapy, to achieve the effect of treating the symptoms; drug while using vaginal administration, having transmucosal absorption, direct action, a significant effect, the patient can be placed on their own, easy, safe, non-toxic side effects.


The cover picture shows stick and space-filling models of a crystal structure that contains transition metal ions [Mn(H2O)6]2+ (red) and their accompanying ClO4− anions (green) suspended in a sea of 4,7-phenanthroline "ligands" (blue). Curiously, there are no direct manganese–nitrogen bonds. This material is instead knitted together entirely by hydrogen bonds between coordinated water molecules and phenanthroline molecules. The inset figure (top right) depicts schematically the concepts of first-sphere (dark blue) and second-sphere (light blue) coordination. This second-sphere hydrogen bonding may be of particular interest as a methodology for the distribution of metal ions in the solid state, as many magnetic and electronic properties are known to be sensitive to spatial arrangements. The synthetic and structural details of this and related cobalt and nickel materials are outlined in the article by D. A. Beauchamp and S. J. Loeb on p. 5084 ff.


The study examines the impact of information communications technologies (ICTs) on the economic development of a country with particular emphasis on Nigeria. The focus was on four Nigeria-based organizations, two of which were in the finance industry, one was a core government ministry while the fourth was a multinational company. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources on the effect of ICTs on the enhancement of access to information and communication, improvement of the quality of human capital resources, among others. The main research instrument used to collect primary data was the questionnaire complemented by personal interviews and observation. A total of 88 respondents were reached, and 64 returned their responses, which were used in the analysis. Data collected from the field were classified, tabulated, and analysed using frequency distribution tables by percentages and numbers. Based on the findings, it was recommended that organizations should widen the scope of their applications of ICTs tools, train staff, improve electricity supply and use the internet to advertise their products and services online.


Effective management of system parameters of seismic instruments is very important for long-term and stable process.For some problems in EDAS-24IP parameter management model,a new type of digital seismograph parameters model based on Linux character device is developed.This model has a great improvement in stability,availability,real-time response and so on.The problem that system can′t be restarted because of the loss of parameters′ files disappeared.


In the last decades, how to detect ships with polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) has become one hot topic. Unfortunately, most of the existing ship detection methods cannot well detect small ships with weak backscattering. To deal with this issue, a ship detection matrix named complete polarimetric covariance matrix [CP] was recently proposed from the perspective of spatial information utilization. Although it is able to improve small ships' target-to-clutter ratio (TCR) values, its calculation strategy still needs to be rethought due to the possible information loss of some ships. Besides, its mathematical characteristic (i.e., not positive semidefinite) also limits the successful applications of some existing polarimetric theories to it. To overcome these two drawbacks, we here develop an information reconstruction-based polarimetric covariance matrix [IC]. In brief, one new difference calculation strategy is first performed on the Sinclair matrix [<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>], so as to reconstruct its information, by which a feature vector <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$v$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is subsequently extracted with the Lexicographic matrix basis. Then, via further performing an outer product operation on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$v$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the matrix [IC] is proposed. Meanwhile, to demonstrate the effectiveness of [IC] in ship detection, two different [IC]-based intensity detectors, respectively, named SPANIC and PEDIC, are designed as well. Experiments carried out on three GF-3 PolSAR datasets show that: 1) the proposed matrix [IC] has a better performance than [CP] and the original polarimetric covariance matrix [<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C$ </tex-math></inline-formula>] in ship detection and 2) compared to the total power detector SPAN and geometrical perturbation-polarimetric notch filter (GP-PNF), both SPANIC and PEDIC can better detect ships, especially the small ships.


Summary

This paper presents a method of discriminant analysis especially suited to longitudinal data. The approach is in the spirit of canonical variate analysis (CVA) and is similarly intended to reduce the dimensionality of multivariate data while retaining information about group differences. A drawback of CVA is that it does not take advantage of special structures that may be anticipated in certain types of data. For longitudinal data, it is often appropriate to specify a growth curve structure (as given, for example, in the model of Potthoff & Roy, 1964). The present paper focuses on this growth curve structure, utilizing it in a model-based approach to discriminant analysis. For this purpose the paper presents an extension of the reduced-rank regression model, referred to as the reduced-rank growth curve (RRGC) model. It estimates discriminant functions via maximum likelihood and gives a procedure for determining dimensionality. This methodology is exploratory only, and is illustrated by a well-known dataset from Grizzle & Allen (1969).


Abstract : The main focus of the research reported herein has been in the reduction of the substantive and increasing costs associated with the generation, maintenance and documentation of programs. In particular, work carried out by the Knowledge-Based Systems group focused on the identification of a very high level language in which inventory control programs are specified, and on the associated compiler that translates such a program to PL/1 code. In the Domain Specific Systems Research group research commenced on the programming of microcomputers from high-level languages for such purposes as the automatic control of physical processes, maintenance and instrumentation. Developments in the Mathlab group have led to formation of the MACSYMA consortium of users. The Programming Technology group concentrated its research on the development of a Morse Code system. Through this system the group seeks to understand and develop techniques for embedding a great deal of structural knowledge (in this case about Morse Code) into computer programs. The Computer Systems Research group focused its research on the analysis and certification of large systems using the MULTICS systems as its principal model and laboratory. In addition, work was inflated on a local-network that will link the laboratory's computational resources. The Programming Methodology group continued the development of the structured programming language CLU which has a modular construction that facilitates the representations of abstractions. Finally, the newly formed Data Base group has begun work on improving the efficiency and accuracy of very large data bases.


In this paper, the author presents a brief description of the place and role Poland's in the memoires of the former German chancellor Helmut Kohl. Although, at the first view, it can be assumed that Poland and the Polish politicians don't appear too often in Kohl's report, it could be shown after a closer analysis that Kohl refers many times to both of them. Poland aroused a special interest, but also irritation, of the chancellor around 1990 as Germany was re-united and the negotiations regarding the common border between Poland and Germany were carried out, which is depicted in this paper


The so-called "Dahua" culture is an active reform of youth in behavior mode,who grow in the "electronic media scene".The pattern of behavior characterized with "inter-space tendency" has been formed as its result.Just in this sense,"Dahua" culture can merely appear with a form of youth culture.The phenomenon of "Dahua" culture cannot be summarized simply with a value judgment.It is a signal in fact that symbolizes the change of behavior mode in the "electronic media scene".


Abstract Transformational leaders employ a visionary and creative style of leadership that inspires employees to make independent decisions and develop in their work. There is some evidence that the transformational (inspirational) leadership style is linked to employee burnout and stress. However, little research has focused on the psychological mechanisms that could explain this link, nor has there been a focus on positive affective well-being. We propose that transformational leaders influence their followers' self-efficacy, thereby affecting affective well-being in followers. This study extends previous work by examining the direct link between leadership and well-being both cross-sectionally (N=447) and longitudinally (N=188), and testing the mediating effects of self-efficacy. The study was carried out within parts of an elderly care department in a Danish local government. A theory-driven model of the relationships between leadership, self-efficacy and affective well-being was tested using Structural Equation Modelling. The results indicated that followers' self-ratings of self-efficacy mediated the relationship between transformational leadership style and positive affective well-being. Only limited evidence for a direct path between leadership behaviour and positive affective well-being was found. These findings have implications for how organizations may promote employee well-being, through interventions directed at supporting transformational leadership behaviours.


Objective To study current HIV infection status in men who have sex with men(MSM) to formulate AIDS control strategy.Methods MSM recruited in 3 sentinel surveillance spots,Fuzhou,Quanzhou and Xiamen were investigated by questionnaire and HIV serological investigation in Fujian in 2012.Results The overall HIV and syphilis prevalence was 9.1%(95/1 040) and 9.3%(97/1 040);HIV-1 incidence reached to 10.9%(7.86%~13.88%).Conclusion It is suggested that HIV epidemic in Fujian MSM population was pretty severe and immediate action should be taken to strengthen comprehensive intervention to induce behavior changing.


This paper presents axioms which imply that a preference relation over lotteries can be represented by a measure of the area above the distribution function of each lottery. A special case of this family is the anticipated utility functional. One additional axiom implies this theory. This functional is then extended for the case of vectorial prizes.


Two prophospholipase A fractions, having a similar amino acid composition but different isoelectric points, have been isolated from ox pancreas. Upon tryptic activation both zymogens release an identical heptapeptide located at the N-terminal part of the chain giving rise to the formation of two isoenzymes.

From sheep pancreas also two prophospholipases A were purified. The latter zymogens, however, differ only in the amino acid composition of the activation peptide and they produce the same active enzyme upon tryptic activation.

The ruminant phospholipases show a strong resemblance in amino acid composition and kinetic behaviour, but they differ markedly from the porcine enzyme as regards pH optimum, specific activity and affinity for lipid/water interfaces.


To increase memory bandwidth, many programmable Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) employ two on-chip data memories. This architectural feature supports higher memory bandwidth by allowing multiple data memory accesses to occur in parallel. Exploiting dual memory banks, however, is a challenging problem for compilers. This, in part, is due to the instruction-level parallelism, small numbers of registers, and highly specialized register capabilities of most DSPs. In this paper, we present a new methodology based on a genetic algorithm (GA) for assigning data to dual-bank memories. Our approach is global, and integrates several important issues in memory assignment within a single model. Special effort is made to identify those data objects that could potentially benefit from an assignment to a specific memory, or perhaps duplication in both memories. As part of our experimentation, we compare the effectiveness of a repair heuristic which consist in transforming infeasible solutions into feasible ones, with a penalty functions that seeks to degrade the fitness of infeasible individuals based on their degree of constraint violation. Our results show that the repair operator out-performs the penalty function. Tests on DSPstone benchmarks show that the GA is able to achieve a 54% reduction in the number of memory cycles and a reduction in the range of 7% to 42% in the total number of cycles.