Quantum Hall universality classes can be classified by W 1+∞ symmetry. We show that this symmetry also governs the dynamics of quantum edge excitations. The Hamiltonian of interacting electrons in the fully-filled first Landau level is expressed in terms of W 1+∞ generators. The spectra for both the Coulomb and generic short-range interactions are thus found algebraically. We prove the one-dimensional bosonization of edge excitations in the limit of large number of particles. Moreover, the subleading corrections are given by the higher-spin W 1+∞ generators, which measure the radial fluctuations of the electron density. The resulting spectrum for the Coulomb interaction contains a logarithmic enhancement, in agreement with experimental observations. The spectrum for generic short-range interactions is subleading and reproduces the classical capillary frequencies.


Abstract : The functional vascular integrity of the small intestine in relationship to its morphological alterations during the post irradiation period was examined Dogs were exposed to 1500 rads (midline tissue dose) of mixed gamma-neutron radiation. Hemodynamic parameters of an in situ intestinal loop were measured in response to the systemic administration of norepinephrine, isoproterenol and gradual bleeding and reinfusion. The results indicate that 48 hours postirradiation when the capillaries are virtually intact and the systemic hemodynamic parameters are not altered yet, the functional integrity of the intestinal vasculature is already significantly deteriorated. The intestinal resistance vessels of the irradiated animals did not exert 'autoregulatory escape' as the controls did. After 72 hours the vasocompensation to the sudden blood pressure changes was also markedly changed. The fluctuation of the intestinal resistance values during the bleeding and reinfusion periods demonstrated neurohumoral imbalance in the postirradiation period. On the basis of these results it is postulated that the terminal cardiovascular collapse in irradiated animals might be due to the development of intestinal ischemic shock.


Chinese word segmentation (CWS) is very important for Chinese text processing. Existing methods for CWS usually rely on a large number of labeled sentences to train word segmentation models, which are expensive and time-consuming to annotate. Luckily, the unlabeled data is usually easy to collect and many high-quality Chinese lexicons are off-the-shelf, both of which can provide useful information for CWS. In this paper, we propose a neural approach for Chinese word segmentation which can exploit both lexicon and unlabeled data. Our approach is based on a variant of posterior regularization algorithm, and the unlabeled data and lexicon are incorporated into model training as indirect supervision by regularizing the prediction space of CWS models. Extensive experiments on multiple benchmark datasets in both in-domain and cross-domain scenarios validate the effectiveness of our approach.


The present invention relates to a syringe (10), particularly for medical applications. The syringe has a syringe barrel (18), a plunger stopper (24) and an attached piston rod (14). Furthermore, there is a return stop (16) for the plunger head, which is arranged at the proximal end of the syringe barrel (18). According to one aspect of the invention, the backstop (16) and the piston rod (14) are designed as a combinable assembly part, which is guided in the assembly of the syringe in one piece on the syringe cylinder (18) and in attaching the piston rod (10) in the two above-mentioned components is separated. The invention further relates to a corresponding method for producing such a syringe (Fig. 2).


unable to retaliate and yet there is an inability, or unwillingness, on the part of the police to do anything. Discrimination and harassment in the workplace, on the streets and on public transport have created a 'pervasive landscape of fear and incivility', while the dominant Anglo-Australian figures of authority – politicians, law enforcement agencies and media personalities – assert their own paranoid images of a white Anglo-Australian national landscape. Altogether, this is a must-read for anyone interested in migration, ethnicity, racism, gender, ethnic politics, identity and community relations, and how global events can affect local attitudes, particularly in relation to the Middle East. My only criticism is that, since the empirical setting of this work is Sydney, rather than Australia as a whole, the title is rather misleading.


The colonial elite in the south-western Cape were historically aficionados of exotic flora and disdainful of the region's indigenous vegetation. This changed rapidly in the half century after ca. 1890 with the indigenization of botanical science and the emergence of a distinctive Cape botany, practised and patronized by the Cape Town patriciate. The botanists' re-imagining of the indigenous flora as the 'Cape Floral Kingdom', an ancient and endangered flora without equal anywhere in the world, served ideological and practical purposes for their sponsors. Floral nativism provided both a sense of identity for an emerging White settler nationalism and a justification for evicting the underclass from the commons and their conversion into a preserve for patrician leisure and contemplation. The political realignments of Union, however, left the Cape Town patriciate isolated and forced them to seek a broader popular audience among the urban middle classes of the region and United Kingdom. By the eve of the Secon...


Disaggregated studies of civil violence attempt to predict where violence is most likely to break out within states, but have been limited by a near-exclusive focus on political, economic, and accessibility-based factors in explaining local patterns of violence. These factors are important, but the calculus of military conflict does not focus solely on lootable resources or population distributions. Both states and insurgents try to exert control over geographic territory in order to increase their resource base and political legitimacy. Historic evidence suggests that groups use violence to contest control over strategically important locations that allow them to effectively attack and defend territory. I use GIS and social network analysis to operationalize strategic location based on the network of roads and population settlements that make up a country. I find that during conflicts, locations with high degree and betweenness centrality in the road network – in other words, locations that control access to other areas within the state – are significantly more likely to be fought over, even after controlling for a wide range of variables suggested by previous literature and testing for reporting bias. These findings expand on the previous body of literature studying disaggregated violence and show that the calculus of violence during civil conflict encompasses strategic considerations as well as economic, political, or topographic factors.


The early decades of the nineteenth century saw the emergence in American Calvinist churches of a new brand of religious revivalism. Energetic evangelicals successfully challenged the authority of a Calvinist theology which had seemed to emphasise the exclusiveness of the elect, and man's helplessness and inability to act in securing his own conversion. These evangelicals adopted a revivalism which, in contrast, reminded man of his responsibility and power, and which experimented with means to win converts that conservative evangelicals thought an affront to the operations of the Holy Spirit. The 'new measures', as they were called, included more direct preaching, often by revivalists who itinerated solely to stir churches and win converts, the 'protracting' of services over several days or weeks, and the 'anxious seat'—the use of a special pew at the front of the congregation where those concerned for their spiritual state could go to be exhorted and prayed for, and where a public commitment might be expected. These measures—and the 'New Divinity' which gave them theological justification—became increasingly widespread during the 1820s and 1830s, the climax of the 'Second Great Awakening'. In large part the impetus for change had come from the rapidly-growing Methodists, Arminian in theology and determined exponents of a high-pressure revivalism; but within the Calvinist churches the single most influential agent of change was the 'high priest' of revivalism, Charles Grandison Finney.


Introduction: The "obesity paradox" has been reported in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Obese patients with ARDS were shown to have more ventilator free days and lower mortality compared to non-obese patients. One proposed explanation was increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines creating a protective environment from acute inflammation. In COVID-19, BMI ≥ 30 increases risk of illness severity, need for critical care, respiratory failure requiring use of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and mortality. It is unknown if the "obesity paradox" applies to patients with SARS-CoV2 who require IMV. We examined a cohort of patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19 who required IMV and compared outcomes between obese and non-obese patients. Methods: Data was collected from patients treated in the COVID Intensive Care Unit (ICU) from March to June 2020. A total of 85 patients were identified. All patients were COVID nasopharyngeal swab positive. Results: There were 38 (44.7%) patients with BMI < 30, and 47 (55.3%) with BMI ≥ 30. The median BMI was 25.5 in the BMI < 30 group, and 37.5 in the BMI ≥ 30 group. In the BMI < 30 group, median age was 67 years, majority male (65.8%) and African American (50%). The BMI ≥ 30 group had a median age of 63.5, majority male (53.2%) and African American (63.8%). Median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score on admission was higher in the BMI ≥ 30 group at 3 (1.5-4.5) vs. 2 (1.0-4.0). There was elevated creatinine on admission with higher percentage of diabetes, heart failure, and renal disease in the BMI ≥ 30 group. Inflammatory markers, such as CRP and IL-6 were lower in the higher BMI group at presentation. There was higher in-hospital mortality in the BMI ≥ 30 group at 57.5%, with longer ICU length of stay (12.35 vs. 7.6 days), longer days on ventilator (10.2 vs. 4 days), and lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio after intubation (146 vs 348). The higher BMI group had higher rates of prone ventilation, paralytic use, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Discussion: From our data, obesity did not appear to have better outcomes in ARDS due to COVID-19 infection. Higher BMI was associated with higher disease severity, severe respiratory failure, longer ventilator days, longer ICU length of stay, and higher mortality. Interestingly, inflammatory markers were initially lower in obese patients, suggesting a possible adaptive physiologic response to inflammation, but without effect on overall outcomes.


This report sketches issues underlying broader use of cost-benefit analysis. It focuses on cost-benefit as one of several related frameworks for assessing regulatory actions or policies. Cost-benefit is the broadest of these frameworks, which also include impact assessment, risk assessment, and cost-effectiveness. Which analytical framework is appropriate depends on the regulatory context.


Synthesis of brasiliquinones B and C, 2 and 3 and 3-deoxyrabelomycin 4a has been accomplished in 6–7 steps from the common precursor 18b. The key naphthalenones 6 were prepared in 5 steps from tetralone 17 in a regioselective manner. Anionic annulation of cyanophthalide 7c with 6 readily provided tetracyclic precursors 5 in excellent yields, sunlight-promoted photooxidation of which led to the synthesis of the title compounds.


Abstract:Virginia Woolf's essay Three Guineas (1938) and her last novel Between the Acts (1941) refuse easy recuperation by progressive and activist politics. Emphasis on redemptive aspects of those texts elides the characteristic suspension and interruption of progress in Woolf's late works. The suspension is most strikingly evoked by Woolf's interruptive "dots." The dots intervene at pivotal moments in Three Guineas, halting the progress of the essay and suspending its readers between a desire for progressive action and a desire for withdrawal from action. Similarly disruptive of affirmative conclusions (and riddled with dots), Between the Acts dramatizes a yearning for stable collectivities that might exist outside of the apparently inevitable violence of war. But the novel suspends its own utopian project.


The genus Buchholzia consists of 2 species: B. coriacea Engler and B. tholloniana Hua. Several proposed species are reduced to synonymy. The species are described and pictured; a key is given.


Software Defined Network(SDN)is a new type of networking paradigm with the characteristics of centralized control and network programmability,which provides a definable network platform for application innovation.In order to carry out the cyberspace security course experiment in a quick and convenient way,a network security classic experiment teaching program which was based on SDN architecture is designed and implemented with Mininet as the light-weighted experimental platform.The test program is combined with Python language programming and the simple command line operation of Linux,designed the classic experimental teaching scheme of network space security.Taking the Border Gateway Protocol(BGP)path carrying and Address Resolution Protocol(ARP)attack and defense experiment as experiment an example,the new network innovation architecture Software Defined Network(SDN)is introduced and the network topology configuration,routing configuration and user interaction process of the experimental platform are displayed.This experiment helps to enhance students' understanding of cyberspace security and cultivate students' innovative consciousness and practical ability.


This study was aimed to investigate influence of different doses of mineral fertilizers addition on grassland community type Festuco-Nardetum strictae subalpinum. In the course of the study influence of the following fertilized treatments: control, N60P60K60; N90P60K60; N120P60K60 on floristic composition and dry matter yield was investigated. The obtained results suggested that grasses percent increased, while forbs percent decreased in all fertilizer treatments. Grassland quality index and dry matter yield were increased by application of mineral fertilizers in both years of study.


Recently acquired evidence shows that extrasolar asteroids exhibit over a factor of 100 variation in the iron to aluminum abundance ratio. This large range likely is a consequence of igneous differentiation that resulted from heating produced by radioactive decay of 26Al with an abundance comparable to that in the solar system's protoplanetary disk at birth. If so, the conventional view that our solar system began with an unusually high amount of 26Al should be discarded.


We solve the Cauchy problem for a kinetic quantum Boltzmann model that approximates the evolution of a radial distribution of quasiparticles in a dilute gas of bosons at very low temperature with a cubic kinetic transition probability kernel. We classify some relevant qualitative properties of such solutions which include the propagation and creation of polynomial and Mittag-Leffler tails. We develop the existence and uniqueness result by means of abstract ODE's theory in Banach spaces by characterizing an invariant bounded, convex, closed subset $\mathcal{S}$ of the positive cone associated with the Banach space $C^1\big([0, \infty); L^1(|p|dp)\big)$. The subset $\mathcal{S}$ depends on the cubic structure of the kinetic transition probability kernel and the interaction law for bosons.


We measured the effect of 12 wk of oral iron (Fe) with or without multiple micronutrients (MMN) on hemoglobin (Hb) response (Hb increase of ≥10 g/L) among Cambodian women of reproductive age screened as anemic.


An in-fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer based on an elliptical air-cavity was developed to a strain sensor with a high-robustness (up to 9800 μϵ ), and the detailed fracture analysis of the high-robustness strain sensor was made.


Nonmethane organic compounds (NMOC) emissions from landfills often constitute significant risks both to human health and the general environment. To date very little work has been done on tracking the emissions of NMOC from landfills. To this end, a concerted effort was made to investigate the total annual mass emission rate of NMOC from a closed landfill site in South Manchester, United Kingdom. This was done by using field estimates of NMOC concentration and the landfill parameters into the Landfill Gas Emission Model embedded in ACTS and RISK software. Two results were obtained: (i) a deterministic outcome of 1.7218 x 10 kg/year, which was calculated from mean values of the field estimates of NMOC concentration and the landfill parameters, and (ii) a probabilistic outcome of 1.66 x 10 1.78 x 10 kg/year, which is a range of value obtained after Monte Carlo simulation of the uncertain parameters of the landfill including NMOC concentration. A comparison between these two results suggests that the probabilistic outcome is a more representative and reliable estimate of the total annual mass emission of NMOC especially given the variability of the parameters of the model. Moreover, a comparison of the model result and the safety standard of 5.0 x 10 kg/year indicate that the mass emission of NMOC from the studied landfill is significantly less than previously thought. However, given that this can accumulate to a dangerous level over a long period of time (such as the age of this landfill site); it may have started affecting the health of the people living within the vicinity of the landfill. A case is therefore made for more studies to be carried out on the emissions of other gases such as CH4 and CO2 from the studied landfill site, as this would help to understand the synergistic effect of the various gases being emitted from the landfill Copyright © 2013 International Energy and Environment Foundation All rights reserved.


Introduction: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) derived volume transfer constant (K) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) has been used in characterization, monitoring treatment response and in prediction of survival in squamous cell carcinomas of head and neck (HNSCC) patients. However, majority of these studies have reported K and ADC values from metastatic cervical lymph nodes. In comparison to the metastatic node, K and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements from primary tumor are challenging, as these tumors are generally located in areas prone to artifacts induced by continuous physiologic motion. The current DCE-MRI study was performed using a radial imaging technique along with dynamic K-space weighted image reconstruction contrast (KWIC) to reduce motion sensitivity and assess the primary tumor mass. In addition, motion correction algorithms were performed to further reduce motion artifacts in the DCE-MRI and DWI data. Correlation analysis of K and ADC from the primary tumor and metastatic node was then performed to assess the utility of these methods in the primary tumor site. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with HNSCC underwent anatomical imaging, DCE-MRI and DWI. DCE-MRI was performed using a fast 3D spoiled gradient-echo sequence, which was modified to acquire eight angle-interleaved sub-aperture images from the full-echo radial data. The imaging parameters were: 256 readout points/view, 256 views (32 views/subaperture, 8 subapertures), fat saturation was applied once every 8 excitations. Spatial saturation was applied once every 32 excitations to minimize the flow effect while minimizing the scan time. This data acquisition scheme resulted in a temporal resolution of 2.5 s for each sub-aperture image with full spatial resolution of 256 × 256 by using KWIC algorithm. Gd-DTPA was injected at a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg body weight at 1 ml/s followed by saline flush, during which scanning was continued for another 9 minutes. DWI was acquired using a pulsed gradient spin-echo/echo planar imaging sequence with three b values: 0, 500, and 1,000 s/mm. Pharmacokinetic model analysis of DCE-MRI data was performed to generate pixel vise K maps using the generalized kinetic model. Similarly, pixel by pixel ADC maps were also computed. All anatomical images, K and ADC maps were coregistered using a two-step non-rigid image registration technique to minimize motion artifacts. First 3D registration with affine transformation was performed to minimize global misalignment. Subsequently, a fine 2D registration scheme were applied. Furthermore, view dependent phase correction methods were applied to reduce both rotational and translational motions. Median pretreatment K and ADC values were computed from regions of interest on the primary tumors and largest nodal masses. Spearman's correlation analyses were performed for K and ADC values between primary tumors and nodal masses. Results: Co-registered anatomical images, K and ADC maps from a representative HNSCC patient are shown in Figure 1. We observed a significantly high correlation (r=0.684, p<0.001) for K between primary tumors and nodal masses. Moderate but significant correlation (r=0.407, p=0.031) was also observed between ADC of primary tumors and lymph nodes (Fig. 2).


A remarkable theorem of Besicovitch is that an integrable function $f$ on $\mathbb{R}^2$ is strongly differentiable if and only if its associated strong maximal function $M_S f$ is finite a.e. We provide an analogue of Besicovitch's result in the context of ergodic theory that provides a generalization of Birkhoff's Ergodic Theorem. In particular, we show that if $f$ is a measurable function on a standard probability space and $T$ is an invertible measure-preserving transformation on that space, then the ergodic averages of $f$ with respect to $T$ converge a.e. if and only if the associated ergodic maximal function $T^*f$ is finite a.e.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide binding agents to an E746-A750 deletion and an L858R point mutation in an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) molecule, and methods for use thereof, including methods for diagnosis and treatment of cancer.SOLUTION: A binding agent specifically binds to an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) molecule comprising a deletion at position E746-A750 and to an EGFR molecule comprising an L858R point mutation, and is, e.g., a rabbit monoclonal antibody or the like.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1


Abstract We describe our successful efforts for the translation of our research strategy that was focused on a broad structural modification of the natural product epothilone B, to the production of the distinct drug candidate sagopilone in a kg scale. By a direct comparison of the research and development procedures we address some important aspects to be considered for an up-scaling process. 1 Introduction and Concept 2 Preparation of Building Block A 2.1 Research Sequence A1––A3–A4–A5–A6–A7–A8–A9– A10–(A12–)A13 2.2 Development Sequence A11–A12–A13 3 Preparation of Building Block B 3.1 Research Sequence B1–B2–B3–B4–(B6–B7)–B9–B10 3.2 Development Sequence B1–B2–B3–B4–B5–B8–B10 4 Preparation of Building Block C 4.1 Research Sequence C1–C2–C3–C4–C6–C7–C9–C10–C11–C12 4.2 Development Sequence C1–C2–C5–C8–C9–C10–C11–C12 5 Preparation of Building Block BC 5.1 Research 5.2 Development 6 Preparation of the Final Sequence ABC 6.1 Research 6.2 Development 7 Summary


Physical cross-sectioning is commonly used on parts to reveal and study their internal features and defects. An alternative technology, acoustic cross-sectioning, produces equivalent results and images for small parts without damaging them. This article describes a new system for acoustic cross-sectioning and presents a case study of its use in integrated circuit analysis.


There are many schools of modern teaching theory in America,such as discovery and non- direction teaching theory which are stream-divided school and the teaching theories by Schwab,J·J·,O·P·Ausubel and Benjamin S·Bloom which are branch schools.We can take some experience from the forming history of American schools of teaching theory in the foundation of Chinese teaching theories.Better-understanding the development of the contemporary Chinese society and caring about the reality of teaching in China are the theoretical and practical basis for Chinese school of teaching theory.Being professional devoted,realistic,innovative,honesty and brave are the main spirits that researchers of teaching theories should bear.


Compared with peripheral late-stage transformations mainly focusing on carbon–hydrogen functionalizations, reliable strategies to directly edit the core skeleton of pharmaceutical lead compounds still remain scarce despite the recent flurry of activity in this area. Herein, we report the skeletal editing of indoles through nitrogen atom insertion, accessing the corresponding quinazoline or quinoxaline bioisosteres by trapping of an electrophilic nitrene species generated from ammonium carbamate and hypervalent iodine. This reactivity relies on the strategic use of a silyl group as a labile protecting group that can facilitate subsequent product release. The utility of this highly functional group-compatible methodology in the context of late-stage skeletal editing of several commercial drugs is demonstrated. Description Squeezing nitrogen into indole Numerous pharmaceutical compounds contain five- or six-membered rings composed of carbon and nitrogen. Chemical reactions that interconvert these motifs can therefore be very helpful during drug development research. Reisenbauer et al. present a method to insert a nitrogen atom into the five-membered rings of silyl-protected indoles, thereby expanding them into six-membered quinazoline or quinoxaline compounds depending on their substitution pattern at the outset. The chemistry relies on nitrene generation using hypervalent iodine and is compatible with many common functional groups. —JSY Nitrene chemistry expands indole rings by inserting nitrogen.


The Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) project has deployed 194 profiling floats equipped with biogeochemical (BGC) sensors, making it one of the largest contributors to global BGC-Argo. Post-deployment quality control (QC) of float-based oxygen, nitrate, and pH data is a crucial step in the processing and dissemination of such data, as in situ chemical sensors remain in early stages of development. In situ calibration of chemical sensors on profiling floats using atmospheric reanalysis and empirical algorithms can bring accuracy to within 3 μmol O2 kg–1, 0.5 μmol NO3– kg–1, and 0.007 pH units. Routine QC efforts utilizing these methods can be conducted manually through visual inspection of data to assess sensor drifts and offsets, but more automated processes are preferred to support the growing number of BGC floats and reduce subjectivity among delayed-mode operators. Here we present a methodology and accompanying software designed to easily visualize float data against select reference datasets and assess QC adjustments within a quantitative framework. The software is intended for global use and has been used successfully in the post-deployment calibration and QC of over 250 BGC floats, including all floats within the SOCCOM array. Results from validation of the proposed methodology are also presented which help to verify the quality of the data adjustments through time.


Objective To investigate the reliability of renal crystallization score observed with light microscopy.Methods 160 crystallization sections of different degree were selected from our stone-induced HE staining library,which were then observed by 2 technicians according to the unified standard.The difference of score results was compared and consistency test(weighted Kappa and the Kendall's consistency coefficient) was conducted.1 week later,one of the technicians observed the sections and scored again.The two scores obtained by the same technician were analyzed.Results The weighted Kappa value of scores obtained by different observers was 0.602 9;the Kappa value of grade Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳcrystallization were 0.288 0,0.015 6 and 0.320 8 respectively.The weighted Kappa value of scores obtained by the same observer was 0.627 0;the kappa value of grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ crystallization were 0.050 5 and 0.075 6 respectively.The consistency was poor.Conclusion The standard for evaluation is not strict.For this reason,observers have certain degree of freedom in classifying renal crystals,leading to poor the reliability and consistency.


Previous studies have demonstrated that Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (PS-OCT) can be used to image early dental caries. The purpose of this study was to compare the measured integrated reflectivity of natural caries lesions with the mineral loss measured using digital microradiography in order to determine if PS-OCT can be used as a nondestructive in vivo method to measure the severity of dental decay in the important occlusal surfaces. A PS-OCT system operating at 1310-nm was used to acquire polarization resolved images of natural caries lesions on the occlusal surfaces of extracted teeth. The integrated reflectivity from lesion areas was compared to the integrated mineral loss from the same lesion area measured using digital microradiography. There was a strong correlation between the integrated mineral loss of the caries lesion measured using high resolution digital microradiography and the integrated reflectivity in the perpendicular polarization axis of the PS-OCT system demonstrating the potential for this method to nondestructively monitor the severity of caries lesion in the occlusal pit and fissure where most new decay is found. Although we find these results encouraging, we desire a higher correlation between the integrated mineral loss and the integrated reflectivity and we believe a higher correlation is attainable with better matching of the PS-OCT scans and the histological thin sections.


A water-level/vibration detection apparatus includes a diaphragm adapted to be moved by air pressure applied through an air hose and a core slidably placed on a support shaft of the diaphragm while being elastically supported by an elastic member. The water-level/vibration detection apparatus detects the level of water and vibration via movement of the core into a coil which constitutes a resonance circuit.


RBAC(role-based access control)can reduce the complexity of the management of access control.But in the dynamic network environment,the secure service can't be guaranteed entirely by the simple role-permission assignment based on user's identity attributes.Correlating role with environment security,this paper explored an ESRBAC(environment security role-based access control) model.Only when a user's environment is secure enough,the permissions corresponding to its roles are valid.The definitions and basic semantics of the model were presented.By a formalized tool adapting to the mechanism of ESRBAC,an application instance was analyzed.


The advantages of standard bus systems have been appreciated for many years. The ability to connect only those modules required to perform a given task has both technical and commercial advantages over a system with a fixed architecture which cannot be easily expanded or updated. Although such bus standards have proliferated in the microprocessor field, a general purpose low-cost standard for digital video processing has yet to gain acceptance. The paper describes the likely requirements of such a system, and discusses three currently available commercial systems. A new bus specification known as Vidibus, developed to fulfil these requirements, is presented. Results from applications already implemented using this real-time bus system are also given.


Power-limited radar systems generally employ some form of pulse compression or waveform coding to improve range resolution. Frank polyphase coded waveforms have been used in the past for pulse compression in high resolution radars. This paper evaluates the impact of Swerling I and Swerling II target scintillation models in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) on the resolution properties of Frank coded waveforms. The results presented in this paper bear out the interesting fact that the use of an appropriate model is highly desirable to avoid misleading results.


In 2002,Hong showed that for any gcd-closed set S with |S|3,the GCD matrix(S) on S divides the LCM matrix [S] on S in the ring M|S|(Z) of |S|×|S| matrices over the integers.Let e1 be an arbitrary given integer.In this paper,a necessary and sufficient conditions on the gcd closed set S with |S|=4 such that the power GCD matrix(Se)on S divides the power LCM matrix on S in the ring M4(Z) of 4×4 matrices over the integers is proved.This solves partially an open question raised by Hong in 2002.


Silica plant fossils were discovered in the yellow , brown and red gravels in Palm Tree Rock in Basiergan, Nileke County, Xinjiang. The age of the rock was thought to be Cretaceous. Based on the plant fossils, its geologic age is Lopingian. The lithostratitgraphic unit is the Basiergan Formation.


The importance and significance of sea water agriculture development was discussed,and the progresses in related fields research were summarized,and prospective future was also suggested.


Abstract : The book is an indirect product of a research project on the use of social science knowledge in international and military affairs. It examines the relationship between social scientists and the activities of the US Government in the International field since the beginning of World War II. The editors' two-fold purpose in selecting articles for this anthology from some 25 social scientists is made clear in their introduction to the book and its chapters. First, they point up the contribution each article makes to an understanding of the work social scientists have done in the field of international affairs, the determinants of the directions this work has taken, and the consequences or lack of consequences it has had for policy and action. They then take the articles themselves as case material. Here, the selections are used to illustrate how conceptions of the roles social scientists can play and should play are shaped by the positions social scientists occupy in a changing environment. In order to help readers gain a wider perspective on the subject, a comprehensive, annotated bibliographic appendix has been included.


The present invention discloses a direct search adaptive simulated annealing (ADSA) algorithm to calculate from an initial temperature, and a new iteration termination condition generating mechanism of the operating point direct search criteria three aspects simulated annealing (DSA) algorithm is improved. Combination of the size and initial temperature of the calculated degree of difficulty and the method of increasing the maximum number of adaptive iteration termination conditions, in order to improve the operating efficiency of the algorithm; by monitoring the concentration optimum operating point of the operating point changes, introduction of new working point iterative search with temperature dynamic adaptation method, and the standard DSA algorithm according to the new operating point mode to generate uniformly distributed random variable scale by random Cauchy distribution, in order to enhance the ability of the algorithm jump out of local extrema. The simulation results show that the algorithm can significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of search converged solution, effectively improve the stability and success of the algorithm.


The invention relates to a method, a device and a system for treatment of variable rate signals, including: packaging signals coming from a clint into in n optical channel data units ODU signals; and packaging the n ODU signals into a flexible optical signal transfer unit OTU signals, wherein a nominal bit rate of the flexible OTU signals is variable accompanying difference of n value and n is an integer equal to or more than 1. The technical scheme can be adaptive to variable bandwidth network and improve line package efficiency.


Metal-alloy (Ni-Cr-Cu-Al-Ge) thin-film resistors were coated with alumina (Al2O3) using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. The electrical properties of the thin-film resistors were studied in the temperature range of 4.2-300 K. It was experimentally demonstrated that the protective dielectric alumina coating improves the long-term stability and repeatability of high-value, thin-film resistors (100-500 kOmega). The drift rate of the resistance due to the native oxidation at room temperature was reduced from -2.45 times10-6 h-1 for a nonaged uncoated resistor to 0.03 times10-6 h-1 for an alumina-coated resistor. It was shown that the additional 15-nm-thick alumina coating does not significantly change the thermoelectrical properties of the metal-alloy, thin-film resistors.


Currently, the college is putting up educational reform but existing education mode is disadvantage to develop diathesis education completely, therefore, we must establish the creative type teaching management mode to fit diathesis education.


Background/Aim: Recurrence and metastasis of cancer caused by cancer stem cells (CSCs) is a challenge to overcome. Low level laser therapy is a new treatment strategy to suppress their invasiveness. We have assessed the inhibitory effects of 470 nm blue LED on the invasiveness of them to determine the molecular mechanisms of anti-invasiveness. Materials and Methods: The effects of blue LEDs on their viability, proliferation and invasion were analyzed using MTT and transwell methods. In addition, the anti-invasiveness effect of blue LED on them was evaluated by zymography, semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Results: Irradiation with blue LED at 3 J/cm2 resulted in inhibition of their viability, proliferation and invasiveness. Their matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 activities were reduced by blue LED irradiation. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR also showed similar results. In addition, western blotting analyses showed that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis were significantly inhibited by LED irradiation in CD133+ colorectal CSCs. Conclusion: Down-regulation of the COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway by blue LED irradiation led to reduce expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, inhibiting the invasiveness of CD133+ colorectal CSC.


In the current era reviews, opinions play crucial role in planning sees from claiming clients and also influence us to the success of a brand, service of a product. The same also apply when deciding the best among various alternatives we have. For the approach and development about online networking in the world, stakeholders frequently take part in expressing their feelings looking into prominent social media, to be specific twitter. Same time twitter information may be greatly informative; it displays a test for investigation in light of about its humongous and disarranged way. The work in this report is to perform sentiment analysis on the top colleges in the country, considering the tweets from one of the social media named twitter. In the process of analysis many pre-processing techniques can be applied on the data that is generated by twitter, applying machine learning algorithms like KNN(K- nearest neighbors) to classify the best college among IITS, NITS and so on. By using Naïve Bayes and K-NN algorithms the results were generated in R Programming on the educational institutions. Then the results were measured in terms of accuracy with respect to Naïve bayes and KNN.


This paper address how additive manufacturing will revolutionize production and manufacturing industries, and ultimately determine the scope of what is possible to create. Due to its versatility, additive manufacturing will allow more efficient and cost-effective means of production, prototyping, and innovation. Additive manufacturing can create new parts and devices opening up new channels of change in emerging industries, such as microfluidics, medical, and dental. This evolution is equally as critical to private and public entities who desire a competitive edge over the manufacturing market, on both a national and global scale. Digital Light Projection (DLP) technology, kinetic absorption framework, and software algorithms constituted our basis for the engineering and design aspect of a custom method of additive manufacturing capable of meeting the demands of mass production. With the barriers mentioned above in mind, this device was built to compensate in accuracy, precision (>1 micron) and speed in the resolution of all areas of X, Y, Z orientations, coupled with a large build volume. Strategic algorithms were inserted into object fabrication to achieve parts with a superior surface finish and dimensional accuracy at rapid speeds (<5 mins per 50mm). For validation, we contrasted surface finish against other additive manufacturing solutions available on the market, using the same STL file. We compared the printed parts under a microscope and identified statistically significant differences (p>0.001) between the finished products. Our method proved superior regarding dimensional accuracy and surface finish. The technology and methods applied in this paper are a step toward key gains in manufacturing-decreased production time, more efficient use of materials and personnel, and cost efficiency. As additive manufacturing evolves, it continues to shape the way humankind thinks about production, creation, and manufacturing while simultaneously expanding research opportunities in ways never before possible.


Abstract : An initial survey and analysis of military Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS) transponder problems was conducted as a result of transponder performance analyzer (TPA) measurement difficulties encountered at Dobbins Air Force Base, Georgia, and from field problem reports from the Atlanta Terminal, New York and Washington Centers, and other areas. The information assembled and presented in this report demonstrates potential ATCRBS problems with high performance military aircraft in fringe areas of coverage and particularly with the Automated Radar Terminal Systems (ART's). Aircraft antenna patterns and switching are of primary concern. (Author)


Computational method of exposure was derived from decay function and was compared with fitting method function, results showed that the errors between the two methods were small. Then the exposure charts of an X-ray flaw detector in-service were compared with computed results, the errors were small too. On the bases above, the exposure estimation during the change of work piece thickness was issued. Computed exposure chart could greatly decrease the work of ordinary method, and have some instructional sense for field radiographic testing.


In the Touhoku Regional Construction Bureau, the Ministry of Construction, various road management on database is filed and accumulated, and the information is utilized by freely linking with other databases such as digital road maps. Thus the road management system has partially started to operate, which jointly owns various information required for road management and helps to improve efficiency of road maintenance. Although each system functions well for its own purpose, it requires a rather complicated procedure to integrate the whole system. Therefore, the efficient and advanced management cannot be achieved as a whole. Based on this current situation, 'system standardization', 'networking' and 'integrated management of information system' have been studied in order to tackle the present problem and to construct the total intelligent system for road management. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 490001.


Case Report 2 Ms B is hispanic and aged 37 years. She has a history of dysthymic disorder and was referred to her internist to confirm a diagnosis of fibromyalgia. She had not been able to tolerate bupropion for her dysthymic disorder but had done well on escitalopram 10 mg daily. Her internist started her on amitriptyline 50 mg daily and methocarbamol 1 g 4 times daily as needed for pain. She discontinued the amitriptyline after 2 weeks, complaining of excessive sedation and dry mouth. She had no other medical problems and did not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit substances. Her laboratory examination was within normal limits on a complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, liver enzymes, thyroid-stimulating hormone, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, lyme titer, and urinalysis; her human chorionic gonadotropin was negative. Her main concerns were ongoing multiple tender points and daily fatigue. She gave informed consent to a trial of atomoxetine to target her symptoms and was started at 40 mg daily, increased at 2 weeks' time to 80 mg and titrated to 120 mg daily at 1 month's time. She has maintained her marked improvement at 6 months and is working full-time.


The cervix is the commonest site in the female genital tract to be affected by bilharziasis. The pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of bilharziasis of the cervix are discussed on the basis of experience in 121 cases. Attention is drawn to the aetiological significance of bilharziasis of the cervix in the development of carcinoma, and the clinico‐pathological peculiarities of bilharzial carcinoma of the cervix are described.


Background: Human pediculosis is an important factor in assessing the level of public health and personal hygiene. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pediculosis (head lice infestation) and the factors affecting the rate of infestation. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to conduct the study among the Kormanj tribes in North Khorasan province, northeastern Iran. The study was conducted between April to June of 2016. A total of 867 subjects were selected randomly and an interviewerquestionnairewasusedoneachsubjecttosortforinformationondemographicprofileandfactorsassociatedwithrate of infestation to pediculosis. Results: DatawasstatisticallyanalyzedusingExcel2015andSPSSStatistics24software; t -testandChi-squaretestswereusedtocheck for any statistical significant association between the variables. A total of 28 cases (3.2%) were found to be infected with head lice, 10 cases (35.7%) out of the 3.2% prevalence had a history of infestation with head lice in the past while the remaining 18 cases (64.3%) had no history of lice infestation in the past. Significant statistical association was observed between the sex and history of head lice infestation (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between lice infestation and the level of education of the subjects, family size, sharing of personal belongings, length of hair, hair posture, showering frequency, the frequency of brushing hair, and permanent scarf coverings at home. Conclusions: The pediculosis is one of the main public health problems in nomadic tribes such as Kormanj tribes in North Khorasan province. It seems that improvement of personal health conditions in females and also appropriate treatment in previous infestations for nomadic tribes could significantly reduce the prevalence of human head lice infestation.


Usually, the unknown system error is widespread and difficult to be verified or corrected, which will yield to relatively large filtering errors. Incremental equation can eliminate the unknown system errors and improve the accuracy of state estimators. On this basis, a kind of optimal weighted fusion incremental Kalman filter is presented in this paper. It has the global optimality, and greatly improves the state estimation accuracy for the multi-sensor systems under poor observation condition. The proposed algorithm is simple in form and small in computational burden so as to be easily applied in engineering practice. The simulation results show its effectiveness and feasibility.


Human's sight holds the most extents among other senses. It will become more beneficial in person's emotion or body, if we form much better environment to human in connection with visual information as importance of visual information. Human is using a lot of display units on modem society. Basic colors that compose these are Red, Green and Blue. Using these three colors, we can change color sense of monitor or brightness degree. Suitable color degree by individual's environment can reduce person's stress or give comfortable feeling. So Factors by human's emotion and environment are standardized using fuzzy and the method that is to apply the result of Intelligent Color Control(ICC) on display is proposed.


A hyperchaotic system is achieved by introducing an additional state variable to a 3D chaotic system.Based on the stability criterion of linear system,full state hybrid projective synchronization is achieved by appropriate linear separation.Numerical simulation showed the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.


Was ancient Moab a tribal kingdom, a state, or a nation? While some characteristics of Moabite material culture such as public buildings and monumental art may suggest the presence of a state, there are more than a few hints that argue for the persistence of "tribalism" in Moab.


The Elegant Language in Zhou and Qin Dynasties,the Common Languages in Western Han Dynasty and the Official Language in Song and Tang Dynasties were all standard languages based phonologically,lexically and syntactically on the language of the Guanzhong region where their capitals were built up.Since they played a role of the common languages at that times,Guanzhong dialects were taken as the Putonghua in those splendid dynasties in the history of China.Therefore,many ancient Chinese scripts and books were written in Guanzhong dialects.and a great many of pronunciations,phrase expressions and grammars in the Guanzhong dialects were kept in Chinese classical literature.Yu Shi Ming Yan(Stories to Enlighten Men),the novel in Ming dynasty is no exception.The illustration of some words and expressions of Guanzhong dialects read in the novel is to demonstrate that Guanzhong dialects have the characteristics of heritage to ancient Chinese language.


In untreated patients or in patients treated with alkylating agents, most infections are bacterial (Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli). Respiratory tract is the most frequent site of infection. Fungal and viral infections are rare and generally occur in heavily pre-treated patients; hypogammaglobulinemia and treatment-related neutropenia play a major role.


The article identified two human resource (HR) configurations -- knowledge-based and commitment-based HR configurations -- which would particularly improve performance of knowledge-intensive organizations. The different mechanisms of their effects on organizational performance will be discussed. We argue that knowledge-based HR configuration will directly enhance the intellectual capital, which in turn affects organizational performance; whereas commitment-based HR configuration will influence organizational performance through improving employeesi¯ commitment to organization and lowering the rates of turnover and absenteeism. The model about the relationship of the two HR configurations (complementary vs. contradictory) is also proposed.


Many network applications, especially the multimedia applications, often deliver flows with high QoS, like end-to-end delay constraint. Flows of these applications usually need to traverse a series of different network functions orderly before reaching to the host in the customer end, which is called the service function chain (SFC). The emergence of network function virtualization (NFV) increases the deployment flexibility of such network functions. In this paper, we present heuristics to embed the SFC for a given flow considering: i) bounded end-to-end delay along the path, and ii) minimum cost of the SFC embedding, where cost and delay can be independent metrics and be attached to both links and nodes. This problem of embedding SFC is NP-hard, which can be reduced to the Knapsack problem. We then design a greedy algorithm which is applied to a multilevel network. The simulation results demonstrate that the multilevel greedy algorithm can efficiently solve the NP-hard problem.


Transformer‐2 protein homolog beta (Tra2β) generally plays an important role in various human cancers, but its role and the underlying mechanisms in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remained unknown. So this study aimed to assess the clinical significance and regulatory mechanisms of Tra2β in LSCC.


Beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt). Spreads extensively in different regions of sugar beet cultivation, and therefore many efforts are accomplished to prevent decrease of sugar and root yield caused by the disease. The most appropriate control method of this disease is improvement of resistant varieties. Wild species of procumbentes in Beta are very important because they contain resistance genes against different diseases including beet cyst nematode. Ten-mer primers and specific sequences were selected to identify DNA molecular markers linked to beet cyst nematode resistance genes. For this purpose, at first, segregating populations for resistance genes were selected and after seed sowing in pots in greenhouse, seedlings were inoculated with 1000 nematode larva several times. Resistant plants (with lower than 10 cysts) and susceptible plants (with less than 10 cysts) were identified and divided to two groups. In the next step, RAPD-PCR, finger printing of the samples and comparison the DNA banding pattern of the two groups was done by using selected primers such as:  OP-X-02, OP-X-15, OP-G-02, OP-D-13, OP-B-11, OP-Y-10 and Sat-121 specific primers and the oligonncleotides TGAACACCTTTCAAAT (forward) and CGTAAGAGACTATGA (Reverse) and one hundred primers from the operon kits. After calculating of correlation between resistance plants and the presence of special DNA band, OP-D-13 and Sat-121 molecular markers were identified to be linked to resistant genes against beet cyst nematode. In conclusion, these two molecular markers can be used for screening of resistant plants in laboratory conditions.


AuTiAlTi and AuPdAlTi contacts to AlGaN/GaN, rapid thermal annealed at temperatures ranging from 650 to 950 °C have been investigated using conventional and chemical TEM analysis. Ohmic behaviour was seen for AuTiAlTi contacts annealed at 750 °C or higher and in AuPdAlTi contacts annealed at 850 °C or higher. The formation of interfacial TiN after anneals at high temperatures is required to activate the contact. At anneals of 950 °C, the samples show a structure of TiN grains within an interfacial band, with TiN inclusions into the AlGaN preceded by an Al–Au diffusion front. The presence of these inclusions does not appear to have any effect on the resistivity of the contact. Neither Ti nor Pd diffusion barriers have prevented the interdiffusion of Au through the Al and Ti contact layers. The implication is that the presence of Au mediates the formation of TiN at the annealing temperatures used in these samples.


Objective: To access the presence and prevalence of roundworm among the study population.
Study design: A simple primary school based questionnaire was distributed to the pupils to determine the name, age, sex and sanitation situations in the schools and homes. Also, a total of 561 samples collected were processed using formal ether concentration technique.
Results: 2(0.3%) pupils from Abo and Umueme primary schools were positive for Ascaris lumbricoides. The sex distribution of the infestation showed a higher prevalence of 1(0.3%) among the females and none among the males. From the age group distribution, we saw that 1(0.8%) in the age group (5 to 13) years was positive.
Conclusion: There is an unhealthy presence and prevalence of A. lumbricoides among the study population, particularly among the females who must carry out domestic chores and water fetching in an environment of open air pollution.


The photodissociation dynamics of HBr adsorbed on a LiF(001) surface is studied using time‐independent quantum mechanics. The photodissociation line shape and the Br(2P1/2)/Br(2P3/2) yield ratio are computed and compared with the corresponding quantities for gas phase photodissociation. The angular distribution of the hydrogen photofragments following excitation of adsorbed HBr is computed and found to agree qualitatively with experimental data [Bourdon and co‐workers, J. Chem. Phys. 95, 1361 (1991)]. The effect of polarization of the photon is illustrated and discussed. We find the field polarization to affect significantly the magnitude of the photodissociation signal but not the angular dependence of the photofragment distribution, in agreement with experiment and in accord with expectations for a strongly aligned adsorbed phase.


The abundance of larvae and adults of the lesser cornstalk borer was monitored in conventionally tilled and planted Florunner peanuts at the Wiregrass Experiment Substation in Headland, Ala. from 1984 to 1986. Larval abundance was monitored by soil sieving ca. weekly throughout the growing season. The abundance of adults was monitored weekly by flushing male and female moths from rows by beating plants with a stick. Regression was used to determine if adults in week 'i' can explain the variation in larval abundance in week 'i + 1,' over the three years of observation. The mean number of larvae from week 'i + 1' increased linearly with an increase in adult flush counts from week 'i' (P < 0.0001, r2 = 0.91), indicating that larval density could be predicted by adult abundance. The resulting equation had an intercept that was not significantly different from zero (P = 0.29) and a slope of 12.66 ± 0.88 (P < 0.0001), indicating that about 13 larvae/meter can be expected to be found one week later for each adul...


We propose to develop an understanding of the basic principles that give sustenance and consistency to the comprehension of a historic structure, under axles of thematic structure. In this case, the thematic structure is based in a disciplinary approach, in which some of the basic scientific disciplines [astronomy, physics, chemistry, geology, biology and social sciences (anthropology, history, sociology, psychology, economics)] are displayed, situated and defined. This is formulated in our digital interactive program called: Kronos, which was developed in two platforms: CmapTools and a Web Based-Platform (HTML). The main idea is to use, as the thematic structure, the basic notions that constitute the scientific disciplines, through a historical projection. The program, Kronos, recognizes four major constituent and consecutive historical periods: 1) Astronomical times: origins of the universe and formation of the solar system. 2) Geological times: evolution of earth and life. 3) Human times: origins and evolution of mankind (social times). 4) Present times: our current situation (today, here, you, me, us). The program Kronos is a system of multiple representations, interactive, articulated with hyperlinks to cyberspace sites. Through a visual representation (A), which creates links to a concept representation (B), a visual – concept card (AB) is created, which in turn contains channels leading to cyberspace through hyperlinks. Then students have to create their own representations, both visual and conceptual, by building a concept map.


The term ethnos or ethnic community has been used in contemporary Soviet literature mainly to denote a human community, referred to in spoken Russian as "a people" (narod). The same term denotes both those peoples who have lagged behind in their development and peoples of highly industrial countries; tribes and nations, small populations (for example, the Hoppi or the Ket) and large ones including millions of people (like the Russians or the Italians). It is used to designate contemporary people as well as those who have vanished with history (for example, the Etruscans or the Scythians); peoples who are territorially compact and those who are dispersed over widely separated areas (for example, the Armenians). The substitution of the term ethnos for the word people was made necessary by the fact that (in Russian and in many other languages) the word "people" has a number of different connotations, and the Russian narod is used to describe not only ethnic communities but also the "toiling masses of people" or simply a large crowd of humans.


not quiet, but motion, for they rock them constantly in their arms; and instead of silence, they use a kind of crooning noise; and thus they literally cast a spell upon [καταυλοῦσι] the children (like the victims of Bacchic frenzy) by employing the combined movements of dance and song as a remedy. ( 790d5–e4)


In this paper authors discuss the inverse problem for the density operator describing a bi-modal quantum mixed states of polarized optical field with the reduced probability density function. It is reduced because we assume that photons phase is known - it is represented by the Dirac delta function in the probability distribution. We ask for example if it is possible to represent an elliptically polarized plane wave in the basis of linearly polarized photons (or photons with any other arbitrary chosen phase). Our goal is to define a reversible integral transformation in order to represent the reduced probability density function by the density operator describing a mixed state and to analyze the uniqueness of the solution. This problem is similar to calculating Glauber-Sudarshan function when representing a quantum mixed state in the coherent states basis. However the integral transformation that we search is not that easy to define. It is based on convolution and cross-correlation operations. The operator that generates this transformation is defined using the Stokes operators.


This article describes how third graders combine traditional literacy practices, including writer's notebooks and graphic organizers, with new literacies, such as video editing software, to create digital personal narratives. The authors emphasize the role of planning in the recursive writing process and describe how technology-based audio recordings, using iPods and LiveScribe pens, allow students to narrate, critically evaluate, and revise their stories before writing first drafts. The authors discuss the benefits of integrating recorded oral rehearsals into the writing process and explain how, with peer conferencing and teacher support, the audio drafts evolve into multiple written drafts, storyboards, and iMovies. Creating digital stories that are shared with proximate audiences (e.g, classmates and families) and distant, sometimes unknown audiences through a class blog, provide students with meaningful, engaging, 21st-century opportunities to communicate ideas through the use of multimodal resources.


Abstract
Gleason-score <=6, assessed on core needle biopsies, is an essential prognostic parameter to offer the strategy of Active Surveillance (AS) to patients with locally confined cancers of the prostate. Yet, its interobserver


Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of Adrenomedullin ( ADM) and the microvessel density ( MVD) in renal cell cancer( RCC) . Methods In 33 cases of RCC patients, the ADM expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry ( FCM) , and the MVD was also counted in the tumortissue. Results ADM was expressed in all cases of RCC (33/33,100. 0% ) ,but only 3 cases (3/33,9. 1% ) expressed in the normal nephridial tissue. The ADM expression levels in RCC (1267. 84 ± 127. 52) was higher than that in the normal nephridial tissue (970. 36 ±171. 46) P <0. 05. Conclusion The level of MVD was correlated to the expression of ADM. ADM is one of the regulators of the new vessels.

Key words:
Renal cell cancer;  Adrenomedullin;  Microvessel density;  Immunohistochemistry;  Flow cytometry


Anaesthesia is used in preclinical positron emission tomography (PET) studies to ensure that no motion of the animal occurs during the scan. The effect of the anaesthesia in brain imaging on the tracer or drug under study is not always known, and this may confound the results of the study and how they are translated to the clinic. Using developed motion correction techniques, we present results from a study of the effect of isoflurane on FDG uptake in the rat brain using fully awake tube-bound, but unrestrained, rats. The study involved dynamic scans of both awake and asleep rats. We report here on 2 rat studies. A consistent increased uptake at steady-state of FDG in the awake rat brains was observed, when compared to the asleep scans.


All clinicians will be familiar with the typical protective measures that can be combined with topical steroid treatments in inflammatory skin diseases affecting the nail. However, there are choices concerning the strength of the treatments, how they might be applied and for how long. In addition there are topical alternatives to steroids in some instances, such as calcipotriol and the oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory nimeluside, in hyperkeratotic pustular variants of psoriasis.

In this presentation we will also cover the further alternative of injected steroid, detailing the technique, selection of the subject and pattern of injection according to different practitioners. This is of relevance mainly in nail psoriasis, but can also be helpful in hyperkeratotic eczema, lupus erythematosus and some manifestations of lichen planus.

Nail lichen planus represents a particularly resistant category of nail disease and justification of potent systemic therapy may require nail biopsy to provide diagnostic certainty. Unlike in psoriasis, potent therapy may be justified in children as well as in adults and may take the form of local or systemic injected steroid as well as courses of oral steroids lasting for several months. In children there is a spectrum of nail disease where the rough nails of '20 nail dystrophy' may be in the nondestructive category of a histologically eczematous process, or may be lichen planus. The latter is at risk of progression with scarring, especially in children of Asian origin.

In addition to steroid in its various forms, there are other treatments for psoriasis and lichen planus that cover a range of mechanisms. These include 5-fluorouracil, dithranol, cyclosporin, methorexate and oral retinoids as well as forms of electromagnetic radiation such as PUVA16 and superficial X-ray. As a final resort, certain forms of dystrophy wholly resistant to medical therapy may necessitate nail avulsion and matrix ablation. This is mainly seen with upgrowing big toenails and pincer nail deformity.


A marked increase in both interest and research activity in solid-state materials chemistry has been evident in recent years. Our exploratory efforts have dealt with reduced halides of the early transition metals that lie along the metal-salt interface, that is, compounds exhibiting some combination of structure, bonding, and conduction properties that relate at least in concept to those of both conventional salts and metals. A phase Zr{sub 6}Cl{sub 15} that seemed to be isostructural with Ta{sub 6}Cl{sub 15} was seen only rarely, but as well-formed cubes. New cluster phases Zr{sub 6}Cl{sub 12} and K{sub 2}ZrCl{sub 6}{center dot}Zr{sub 6}Cl{sub 12} were obtained only when ZrCl was reacted (disproportionated) in the presence of hydrogen. Unexplained electron-density residuals within the clusters were seen for Zr{sub 6}Cl{sub 15} as well as CsZr{sub 6}I{sub 14} and Sc(Sc{sub 6}Cl{sub 12}) following structural analysis, phases that are now known to bond interstitial nitrogen or carbon. These observations, the systematics derived from first accidental and then purposeful insertion of H, C, and O into the double-metal-layered monohalides of zirconium, yttrium, and scandium, and the reports of rare-earth-metal iodide clusters containing dicarbon prompted us to make a systematic exploration of interstitials in what appeared to be only isolated examplesmore » of zirconium clusters. This has led to a broad new chemistry in which nearly two dozen elements have been found to play an interstitial role in the large family of Zr{sub 6}X{sub 12} clusters phases that span about 15 structure types.« less


Background: Preeclampsia is a condition where expectant mothers experience a sudden spike in blood pressures and in its severe form of eclampsia they tend to experience seizures. Over 25% of patients with severe pre-eclampsia and 50% of patients with eclampsia have visual symptoms of clinical significance, with 1-3% remaining with irreversible blindness due to involvement of the visual cortex. The ocular changes in preeclampsia usually occur from 20+ weeks of gestation and progress gradually. Hence, early screening of pre-eclampsia mothers can help in timely diagnosis and intervention. With limited data on the ocular conditions of mothers with preeclampsia, this study sought to determine the magnitude, pattern and factors associated with ocular manifestations of preeclampsia/eclampsia mothers at Mulago National Referral Hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with 450 consenting pre-eclampsia mothers at Mulago National Referral Hospital from September to December. Ethical Approval was obtained, and pre-tested questionnaires were used to record relevant history and ocular examination findings. Data was cleaned and entered into a computer in EPI-DATA (epidemiology data) and analyzed with STATA 14.0.


We analyze the effects of different resale mechanisms on bidders' strategies in multi-object uniform-price auctions with asymmetric bidders. Our experimental design consists of four treatments: one without resale and three resale treatments that vary the information available and the bargaining mechanism in the resale market. The presence of a resale market induces demand reduction by high-value bidders and speculation by low-value bidders, thus affecting the allocation of the objects on sale. The magnitude of these effects, however, depends on the form of the resale market. Features of the resale market that tend to increase its efficiency result in lower auction efficiency and seller's revenue. We also show that, without resale, asymmetry among bidders reduces demand reduction.


In view of the requirement of structure seismic design for ductility,a group of low cyclic loading test was carried out for seven concrete-filled square steel tubular column specimens with different axial load ratios,slenderness ratios and concrete grades.Then,the load-displacement curve,the skeleton curve of these frame columns and the load-displacement value of each stage were obtained.Based on these data,an analysis on various factors that affect the ductility of concrete-filled square steel tubular columns was conducted.Results show that the decline of bearing capacity in the end-column is mainly due to the germination and expansion of the plastic hinge of pillar.Furthermore,the increase of axial compression ratio will lead to earlier emergence of plastic hinges,which and then reduces the ductility and horizontal anti-shearing capacity of the frame column.In addition,the increase of slenderness ratio can delay the plastic hinge emergence that improves the ductility and energy dissipation capacity of columns,but on the other hand decreases the horizontal anti-shearing capacity.As a result,adopting higher grade concrete can effectively reduce the negative effects due to the larger axial compression ratio and slenderness ratio.Experimental results are in good agreement with the data from finite element calculations.


Abstract A series of 3′-substituted 3′-amino-3′-deoxyadenosine analogues were synthesized and subsequently tested against the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Several amongst them displayed pronounced antiplasmodial activities.


Although the importance of organizational failure has fostered a steady stream of research, a review of the literature suggests that the majority of studies have focused on firms in the private sector and in developed economies. Despite the increasing occurrence of state-owned firms failing in many developing countries, empirical research on this issue remains scant. Using an in-depth case study of Ghana Airways, this article examines the causes of failure of state-owned organizations in developing countries. This study revealed that, in addition to external factors such as liberalization, frequent changes of the top management team and the decision makers' characteristics contributed significantly to the firm's demise. The theoretical, managerial, and policy implications of these findings are discussed.


K_2FeO_4 button cells with different content of saturated KOH solution were made and their discharge capabilities were measured by constant current discharge method. The discharge capability of K_2FeO_4 button cells increases with the content of saturated KOH electrolyte.


We examine the moduli space E ∼= T∗ of complex tori T(τ) ∼= C/L(τ) where L(τ) = const · η (τ)Lτ . We find that the Dedekind eta function furnishes a bridge between the euclidean and hyperbolic structures on T∗ ∼= C− L0/L0 as well as between the doubly periodic Weierstrass function ℘ on T ∗ and the theta function for the lattice E8. The former one allows us to rewrite the Lame equation for the Bers embedding of T1,1 in a new form. We show that L0 has natural decomposition into 8 sublattices (each equivalent to L0), together with appropriate half-points and that this leads to local functions of the form θ8 l (0, τα) for a local map (Uα, τα) and to a relation with E8.


The hand is a complex organ that is precious to humans. It is hard to replace any living organ such as a hand with a fully adequate substitute. However, during the last decades, many technologies of artificial hand have been enhanced and better models have been introduced. Many factors largely depend on the modeling of artificial hand such as person's occupation (e.g. athletes, engineers), types of motion (linear, angular), the strength of muscles, weight of loading on arms, stability of moving and materials of the prosthesis. The reasons for limb loss are diversified from injury, amputation to disability, thus treatment of the hand is powered by assessment of the condition enabling this different clientele, environmental factors, anatomical structure, and lifestyle. This paper presents solid models of artificial hand that made fully out of four different metals including aluminum, copper, steel, and titanium. The simulation outcome helps to decide whether materials to choose. This research aims to design a three-dimensional (3-D) model by COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2 software which is able to clarify weaknesses and strengths of the artificial hand. The artificial hand is analyzed to study the strain, stress, and forces on joints for two cases, including free artificial hand under effect of the gravity and artificial hand gripping a ball. Results confirmed that the titanium is the best material for implementation of this model. This model will affect the manipulation of robotic design.


Though LIU Xie's views toward emotion and diction differ from the Susanne Langer's toward feelings and their forms from the perspective of background and their theoretical foundations,they share the similarities in the relation between emotion and diction,and feelings and their forms: i.both emotion and diction,and feelings and their forms are compulsory elements that make up a text;ii.both views agree the priority of emotion or feelings;iii.the form has a dynamic retroaction on feelings.


Right-sided diaphragmatic hernia in an adult, whether of congenital or traumatic origin, may present no distinctive symptoms. The classical signs of tympany on percussion or bowel sounds in the thorax may not be detected^ and even after radiographie study the diagnosis may be extremely difficult and the findings misdiagnosed as a primary process within the chest. Right-sided diaphragmatic herniation of traumatic causation is a relatively uncommon condition. Recently, Child, Harmon, Dotter, and Steinberg reported a herniation of the right lobe of the liver, and Knoepp reported a case of herniation of the major portion of the liver, gallbladder, and hepatic flexure of the colon. Hughes and co-workers reported 16 diaphragmatic hernias related to battle injury and 12 from other injuries, but of these 28 cases only 5 were on the right side. Harrington reported 404 cases of surgically treated diaphragmatic hernias, and only one was on the right side. Several


[1] In many places around the world, panevaporation has been detected to decrease with the increase in temperature, which is known as the "panevaporation paradox." An example of the paradox was found in the Haihe River Basin from 1957 to 2001. To explain the mechanism of the paradox, an approach to quantify the contributions of climate factors to the panevaporation trend has been proposed, in which the individual contribution was defined as the product of the partial derivative and slope of the trend for the concerned variables. Four variables, including temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, and vapor pressure, were selected based on the Penman-Monteith method to assess their individual contribution to the panevaporation trend. The results showed that an increase in temperature resulted in the increase of panevaporation, but this effect had been offset by an increase in vapor pressure and decrease in wind speed and solar radiation. Wind speed was the dominant factor contributing to panevaporation decreases in the Haihe River Basin.


The structure of a 1 : 1 inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and a new orally active cephalosporin, pivaloyloxymethyl 7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-3(Z)-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate (ME1207), was estimated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The experimental results indicated that the tert-butyl moiety of ME1207 was selectively inserted into the β-CD cavity.


This paper explores competency-based assessment as a species of performance assessment. The use of competency standards in assessment offers the possibility of contributing to trends that were already part of innovative education and training practice. There are different conceptions of competency standards which are not all equally valuable from the perspective of sound education and training practice. Those that are educationally valuable can help learning to become more effective, assisting with such things as course development, teaching and assessment strategies. This paper explores what kinds of standards have these features.


The paper by Caumo et a/. (Diabetic Med 1991; 8: 822-832) describes an interesting extension of the use of minimal modelling analysis of the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) with isotopically labelled glucose. In this way, estimates of glucose and insulin-dependent glucose elimination, unaffected by the influence of glucose and insulin on hepatic glucose production are obtained. However, the authors' unsuccessful attempt to provide estimates of hepatic glucose production, by combining results from labelled and unlabelled modelling analyses, illustrates the dangers in extending the application of a model beyond the limits of the simplifying assumptions on which it is necessarily based. The authors examine various anomalies that arise in their estimations of hepatic glucose production during the IVGTT. .These include negative estimates of hepatic glucose production, negative estimates for the suppression of hepatic glucose production by insulin action, discrepancies in the expected relative magnitudes of labelled and unlabelled IVGTT minimal model parameters, and discrepancies between parameter ratios derived from modelling and experimental studies. Two explanations are offered for these anomalies. The first is that there is poor description of the control of hepatic glucose production by the unlabelled minimal model. Although they raise a number of possibilities, the authors provide little substantial evidence in support of this contention. Of more merit is their second proposal, according to which the anomalies can be accounted for by parameters from the unlabelled and labelled models being conditioned by differing volumes of glucose distribution. Volume standardization of parameter values resulted in non-negative estimates of hepatic glucose production and consistency with experimentally derived measurements. (The absolute differences between model-derived parameters p2 and p;, and p3 and p ; are probably peripheral to this central argument. While these parameters are theoretically uniquely identifiable, in practice they appear to be highly correlated. The values of p2 and p3 given by Caumo et a/. show strong correlations (p2 vs p3, r = 0.96; p; vs P * ~ , r = 0.84). Thus p2 and p3 may be high or low but st i l l give a unique ratio, p3Ip2, which is the insulin sensitivity index, Si.) The authors may, therefore, have


The Turkish Family Health and Planning Foundation set out with the support of the US Agency for International Development in 1988 to develop a contraceptive social marketing program. It was designed to increase the availability and use of condoms and low-dose pills, while maximizing the participation of the private sector. The program would build a market using existing infrastructure; collaborate and participate with 4 major pharmaceutical companies; use all commercial products and nothing donated; and negotiate for commercial product prices without subsidy. Full cost recovery and self-sufficient operation was projected to be realized by the 4th year of sales. The OK condom brand was created for the program and marketed through television, open air advertisements, gifts, and sponsorship from mid-1991. 4.46 million units were sold over the period May-December 1991 and 5.76 million over January-November 1992; these figures were 127% and 115% above sales targets, respectively. The OK brand dominated the market of everusers with 41.1% having employed the brand. Data suggest that the condoms are effectively being used by the urban and comparatively poor segments of society. Sales volumes were so robust that the commercial sector expanded the product line on its own to offer OK Extra.


A high prevalence of elevated intraocular pressures in the diabetic population is less striking in those with proliferative diabetic retinopathy than in those without proliferative changes. In both adult and juvenile groups without proliferative retinopathy, there is a significantly higher prevalence of elevated intraocular pressure after application of topical corticosteroids than in the nondiabetic population. In contrast, the distribution of corticosteroid response in the group of diabetics with proliferative retinopathy resembles more closely that in the nondiabetic volunteer population and differs significantly from that in diabetics without proliferative changes. Speculations concerning the relationship of intraocular pressure and corticosteroid responsiveness to the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy are presented.


Accurate and stable prediction of NOx emissions from diesel vehicles plays a crucial role in the establishment of virtual NOx sensors and the development and design of diesel engines. This paper presents a method for estimating transient NOx emissions by complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and a long- and short-term memory neural network (LSTM). First, the CEEMDAN algorithm is used to reduce the non-stationarity and volatility of the transient NOx emission data to obtain multiple subseries with different frequencies. Secondly, a predictive model is developed for each subsequence using an LSTM neural network. Finally, the results of each subsequence prediction are summed to obtain the final prediction. The proposed model uses NOx emission data generated by an EU IV diesel bus during real road driving. The results show that (1) The use of CEEMDAN can effectively improve the smoothness of NOx transient emission data, as well as facilitate more effective extraction of internal characteristics and variations of the raw data. (2) LSTM has better learning and prediction capability for transient changes in NOx emissions. (3) The results of CEEMDAN-LSTM for RMSE, R2, MAE and NRMSE are 46.11,0.98, 29.82 and 2.71, respectively, which are better than the other model with improved prediction performance.


There is at least circumstantial evidence that shippers are discouraged from locating on rail. Additional research is needed to define specific industries where this investment barrier is most significant. The effects of various changes in our current policy must be evaluated in terms of contribution to railroads' health and flow of public funds. The attention of policy makers must be diverted from long range debates on deregulation to more immediate solutions to rail problems. The author state that they should be examining more feasible alternatives such as those for encouraging more shippers to avail themselves of rail service. Various incentives are described.


Universality of the extraordinary Hall effect scaling was tested in granular three-dimensional ${\mathrm{Ni}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ films across the metal-insulator transition. Three types of magnetotransport behavior have been identified: metallic, weakly insulating, and strongly insulating. Scaling between both the ordinary and the extraordinary Hall effects and material's resistivity is absent in the weakly insulating range characterized by logarithmic temperature dependence of conductivity. The results provide compelling experimental confirmation for recent models of granular metals predicting transition from logarithmic to exponential conductivity temperature dependence when intergranular conductance drops below the quantum conductance value and loss of Hall effect scaling when intergranular conductance is higher than the quantum one. The effect was found at high temperatures and reflects the granular structure of the material rather than low-temperature quantum corrections.


Objective To realize the incidence of healthcare-associated infection(HAI),the rate of invasive procedure and related infection rate,use of antimicrobial agents and distribution of pathogens in gereral intensive care units(GICUs)of hospitals in China.Methods HAI cross-sectional investigation data of GICUs reported to China HAI Surveillance Network were summarized and analyzed.Results Of 1 313 hospitals,621(47.30%)had GICUs;a total of 5 887 patients were surveyed,1 634 patients developed 1 962 times of infection,HAI prevalence rate and case rate was 27.76%and 33.33%respectively.The main infection sites were lower respiratory tract(70.39%),urinary tract(12.79%)and blood(2.86%).The application rate of urinary catheter,arteriovenous catheter and ventilator was 53.52%(n=3 151),37.05%(n=2 181)and 35.62%(n=2 097)respectively,and related prevalence of urinary tract infection,pneumonia and blood stream infection was 4.67%,20.41%,and 0.60%,respectively,which accounting for 58.57%,30.99%,and 23.21% of urinary tract infection,pneumonia and blood stream infection respectively,the overall prevalence of above invasive procedure-related infection accounted for 29.97%(588/1 962)of the overall HAI prevalence.A total of 1 795 isolated pathogens causing HAI were detected,the top three were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(20.78%),Acinetobacter baumannii(17.99%)and Klebsiella pneumoniae(11.64%).The usage rate of antimicrobial agents was 71.58%(n=4 214),rate of specimens delivered for detection was up to 75.27%(2 553/3 392).Conclusion Prevalence and antimicrobial use in patients in GICUs are all high,all kinds of invasive procedure are frequent,30%of HAI are related to invasive procedure;infection caused by non-fermentative bacteria is serious,pathogen detection is well performed.


Abstract – The utilization of electrical energy in G Building, University of Muhammadiyah Jember comes from PLN of 6.6 KVA. Electrical energy is used to meet the needs of 3 floors of electrical energy. The use of electrical energy in G Building also uses additional energy. The technology used by the Smart Grid Solar PV System works in a hybrid manner with the PLN network to meet the load. The data analysis in this study used the data collection method in the form of power on the solar panel using the IMEON Manager software application with a retrieval time of 4 weeks with a time of 7 hours per day with a span of 10 minutes. Estimation of the total daily energy needs of G Building University of Jember of 1980 kWh / day to anticipate additional loads, the energy is reserved by 30% of the total energy reserved at 594.0 Wh / day. So that the power generated with an array area of 678.8 m and 14 the number of solar panels is 3640 Wp. The utilization of electrical energy in G Building, University of Muhammadiyah Jember comes from PLN of 6.6 KVA. Electrical energy is used to meet the needs of 3 floors of electrical energy. The use of electrical energy in G Building also uses additional energy. The technology used by the Smart Grid Solar PV System works in a hybrid manner with the PLN network to meet the load. The data analysis in this study used the data collection method in the form of power on the solar panel using the IMEON Manager software application with a retrieval time of 4 weeks with a time of 7 hours per day with a span of 10 minutes. Estimation of the total daily energy needs of G Building University of Jember of 1980 kWh / day to anticipate additional loads, the energy is reserved by 30% of the total energy reserved at 594.0 Wh / day. So that the power generated with an array area of 678.8 m and 14 the number of solar panels is 3640 Wp.


The present invention, in the error correction of the image signal, by using a smaller memory and relates to an apparatus and method for error correction in real time, processing the input at the same time for decoding and outputting the encrypted codec encoder signal eye frame and the P frame signals codec decoder to output to each frame-by-frame image signal; Error correction unit for inputting the signal of the codec decoder to output the detected error and the detected error is corrected by the average processing; Window matching unit for the frame-by-frame digital image signal supplied from the error correction section outputs the matching conversion into a predetermined format; Start the process of determining whether features comprising a display window, which converts the digital image signals from the first window matching portion and a visual signal, an error in the MPEG digital image signal to be input occurs; Detection process for detecting and verifying errors again when a fault has occurred on the input digital image signal is determined in the process, error image signals; Mean the process of re-determining whether the error by the validation of the process occurs and the error is close to an image signal and outputs the median average processing of failures; Average processing the image signal to the effect of applying the normal processed image signal to generate the corrected frame by frame the image signal output process characterized in the real-time processing at the same time to use less memory to restore the error image signal by consisting of the above process a.


As the state-of-the-art voltage-source topology, the modular multilevel converter (MMC) is attractive for various medium- or high-power applications. In MMC, reliability and uninterruptable operation are always seen as primary concerns, which requires the MMC can continue operating even though some of the submodules (SMs) are failed. In this paper, a novel fault-tolerant modulation and control strategy is proposed for MMC in medium voltage applications. Compared with previous works, the proposed strategy provides optimum performances under healthy conditions and minimum performance degradation after SM failures. During healthy conditions, the redundant SMs are fully utilized to decrease SM capacitor voltage for higher reliability and to reduce switching frequency for higher efficiency. While during fault-tolerant operation, by appropriate modification of the modulation and controllers, no extra healthy SMs need to be bypassed and the output voltage harmonics of MMC remain unchanged without causing voltage mismatches. Feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy have been verified by simulations in MATLAB/Simulink software and experiments on a downscaled three-phase MMC prototype.


Even when effective medical therapies are available and prescribed, patient adherence is an important factor in the actual clinical benefit experienced by patients. One postulated reason for poor adherence is patient out-of-pocket medication expenses. To examine the relationship between adherence and patient expenses, Gonzalez Lopez-Valcarcel and colleagues1 examined the effects of a change in cost-sharing in a population based study of over 10 thousand patients with an acute coronary event. A low income working population (no change in medication expenses) was compared with pensioners (a increase from no cost-sharing to 10%) and a middle to high income working population (an increase in cost-sharing from 40% to 50%–60%). For low-cost essential medications, such as antiplatelet therapy and beta-blockers, the change in cost-sharing had no significant effect. However, for higher cost medications, such as statins, adherence temporarily decreased by about 8% in both pensioner and middle-high income populations, who experienced higher out-of-pocket costs. (figure 1)

Figure 1
Weekly rates of adherence for the drugs considered for the three cohorts. ACEI, ACE inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker.1 …


The scattering of a H-polarized plane wave by an arbitrary conflguration of paral- lel perfect electric conducting (PEC) circular cylinders with any radii is analysed by method of moments (MoM). The scattered magnetic fleld is expressed as integral of the product of equiv- alent magnetic current and Green function, that is, the Hankel function of zero-th order. The unkown magnetic current density on each cylinder is expanded with global basis functions and the Galerkin's method is used to obtain a system of linear equations. Although the analysis objects are conflned to circular cylinders, analytical expressions are obtained for the matrix elements by using Graf's addition theorem repeatedly. The comparison with previous work and numerical examples are presented.


this article from the curriculum of "difficult to learn, teachers to teach students" current situation analysis, proposed course teaching content reform measures such as overall knowledge framework, and then analyzes the heuristic teaching method, analogy type in this course, the application of the experiment are discussed reform, analyzes the various problems in the teaching reform and the corresponding solutions.


The collaboration between William Forsythe and Issey Miyake in Ballett Frankfurt's The Loss of Small Detail (1991) includes the Colombe dress, used in the finale of the first act, "the second detail." If seen as a parallel choreographic object in Forsythe's work, Miyake's Colombe as "one piece of cloth" concept suggests the fold (Deleuze, 1993) as a potent epistemological principle that unites various versions of the work. Used in the solo dance that bridges two acts, the Colombe dress via the figure of fold visually hints at Forsythe's choreographic gestures that open out balletic épaulement through "disfocus." When Miyake's and Forsythe's topological gestures are juxtaposed, their discrete works reveal analogous shapeshifting that promotes multidirectional links between ballet and fashion as artistic forms that use historical and cultural frictions to fold into contemporaneity.


Nobel laureates Schultz (1971) and Becker (1964, 1993) reinvigorated the analysis of education investments. Human capital investments that improve cognitive skills for elementary and secondary students have important economic implications. An interdisciplinary, 12-construct technology integration education (TIE) model was developed. The sample consisted of 33 elementary education majors and 23 secondary education majors. Limited correlational and predictive relationships between the motivation variables and TPACK variables were found. However, the empirical evidence revealed new insights about self-determination motivation theory. Intrinsic motivation had a higher, significant positive correlation than extrinsic motivation with three dependent variables, while extrinsic motivation had a higher, significant positive correlation than intrinsic motivation with two dependent variables. These limited findings suggest that complex, contingent relationships exist between motivation variables and TPACK variables. The TIE model advances a robust research agenda for the interdisciplinary field of microhuman capital investments, which includes the education of Millennial preservice teachers.


A growing body of evidence points to autophagy as an essential component in the immune response to tuberculosis. Autophagy is a direct mechanism of killing intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis and also acts as a modulator of proinflammatory cytokine secretion. In addition, autophagy plays a key role in antigen processing and presentation. Autophagy is modulated by cytokines; it is stimulated by T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interferon (IFN)‐γ, and is inhibited by the Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐13 and the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10. Vitamin D, via cathelicidin, can also induce autophagy, as can Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐mediated signals. Autophagy‐promoting agents, administered either locally to the lungs or systemically, could have a clinical application as adjunctive treatment of drug‐resistant and drug‐sensitive tuberculosis. Moreover, vaccines which effectively induce autophagy could be more successful in preventing acquisition or reactivation of latent tuberculosis.