Tony Faturohman. K7412174. OFFICE SUPPLIES MANAGEMENT IN LIBRARY OF UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET IN IMPROVING THE SERVICE FOR LIBRARY VISITORS. Thesis. Surakarta: Faculty of Teacher Training and Educaion Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. This research objectives are to discover (1) office supplies management in the library of Univ. 11 Maret (2) The service improvement for users through optimization of office supplies in the library of Univ. 11 Maret (3) obstacles in office supplies management (4) problem-solving of obstacles in office supplies management. This study uses qualitative research and the type of the research aims case study. The used data were primary data and secondary data. The data collected are from informants, documents, place and loaction. The used sampling was Purposive Sampling and followed by Snowball Sampling technique. Interview, document analysis, and observation are done to collect the data. Source triangulation and triangulation method are used to test validity of the data. The techniques used in testing the validity data of the analysis interactive. Based on the result, it can be concluded (1) Office supplies management in Library of UNS is done by (a) planning on choosing the needs of the library (b) the supplying is done by UPT ULP and UPT BMN as the organizers of supplying in all UPTs in Universitas Sebelas Maret (c) inventory is done by SIMAK BMN officials because all items are owned by state (d) continuously maintaining the properties (e) using landline delivery (f) storing office stationery only (g) auction for abolishment of the supplies (h) using properties control card to maintain the control. (2) The service improvement for users through optimization of office supplies by providing the facilities such as items and rooms. (3) There obstacles found in office supplies management are; (a) low in budgets (b) lack of awareness of the visitors in using the facilities (c) lack of competency of the librarians. (4) problem-solving of obstacles met in office supplies management are (a) prioritizing important supplies (b) improving the communication with the visitors (c) giving training for related human resource. Keywords : implementation of supplies management, service improvement for visitors


ABSTRACT Some suggest that the duty of humanitarian intervention should be discharged by states that are historically responsible for the occurrence of violence. A fundamental problem with this suggestion is that historically responsible states might be ill-suited to intervene because they are unlikely to enjoy support from the local population. Cécile Fabre has suggested a way around that problem, arguing that responsible states ought to pay for humanitarian interventions even though they ought not to take part in the military operations. We claim that Fabre's idea is subject to two concerns. First, the duty to perform might not be appropriately transferrable from the historically responsible state to another state because it would allow the primary duty bearer to escape the worst costs of intervention. Second, an intervention might be as unlikely to generate local support when a historically responsible state pays for an intervention as when it performs it. These problems are enough to cast doubt on Fabre's idea. However, the idea is helpful because it highlights as yet neglected questions about how the financial and material burden of humanitarian intervention is to be shared.


Abstract.
 In this study, we explored the relationship between brain volume and brain width in a wide range of extant mammals and birds in an effort to determine whether brain width could be used as an appropriate variable for estimating the brain volume of extinct species. The relationship between brain volume and brain width in extant species was assessed using computed tomography images of mammalian skulls from 55 species representing 13 orders, and avian skulls from 64 species representing 21 orders. Brain volume and brain width showed a strong linear correlation in both mammals and birds. We also discovered that brain volume of extant as well as extinct mammals and birds can be estimated on the basis of brain width. The brain widths of Cynodontia, Triconodonta, and non-avian Theropoda were relatively narrower than those of extant mammals and birds. This data indicates that compared to their early ancestors, the brain width of both mammals and birds has increased with respect to brain endocast volume. Thus, on the basis of our results we have concluded that the relationship between brain volume and brain width is useful for estimating the brain volume of extinct mammals and birds. In addition, it was found that relative brain width of both mammals and birds has increased throughout their evolutionary history from early ancestors to extant species.


At stations in the western and central North Atlantic Ocean, the transparency was found to change with depth in the upper 300 m and to be very high in the strata below. Using 3 photomultiplier photometers, the rate of light diminution during the sunset period was shown to be essentially the same at the surface, 100, and 300 m. Using a newly designed light-tight agitator, which pumps water past the window of the deep-sea photometer, luminescent flashing was recorded from the surface to depths as great as 2,000 m in both day and night tests. Some luminescence was detected at all depths during the day at certain stations. At night, Flashing increased very greatly in the upper 50 m, considerably at 200 m, and somewhat at intervening depths. Changes in luminescence with depth, sometimes abrupt, occurred at widely varying levels between 40 and 85 m at different stations, usually near the thermocline, and always associated with vertical temperature changes. Netting placed over the intake of the agitator showed that most of the luminescent organisms in the upper few hundred meters were smaller than 0.24 mm. Additional tests with the unrestricted photometer indicated that much of the luminescence recorded at greater depths was from larger animals.


Objective Objective To investigate blood volume perseveration for patients suffering from uremia with profile.Methods Two groups of 20 patients suffering from uremia with conventional hemodialysis were chosen by the blood pressure during hemodialysis interphase.Every patient underwent with conventional hemodialysis treatment and sodium profile combined with ultrafitration profile 10 times alternatively. And then the blood volume changes(ΔBV),the blood plasma and clinical symptoms were observed during treatments.Results The blood pressure falling range evidently reduced(P0.05),and the Na~+ chroma increasing range inapparent changed(P0.05).Conclusion Sodium profile combined with ultrafiltration profile prevents the reduction of blood volume of hemodialysis patients evidently, reduces the possibility of profile complications. The sodium profile combined with ultrafitration profile is an effective medical treatment.


In Elementary Cycles theory elementary quantum particles are consistently described as the manifestation of ultra-fast relativistic spacetime cyclic dynamics, classical in the essence. The peculiar relativistic geometrodynamics of Elementary Cycles theory yields de facto a unification of ordinary relativistic and quantum physics. In particular its classical-relativistic cyclic dynamics reproduce exactly from classical physics first principles all the fundamental aspects of Quantum Mechanics, such as all its axioms, the Feynman path integral, the Dirac quantisation prescription (second quantisation), quantum dynamics of statistical systems, non-relativistic quantum mechanics, atomic physics, superconductivity, graphene physics and so on. Furthermore the theory allows for the explicit derivation of gauge interactions, without postulating gauge invariance, directly from relativistic geometrodynamical transformations, in close analogy with the description of gravitational interaction in general relativity. In this paper we summarise some of the major achievements, rigorously proven also in several recent peer-reviewed papers, of this innovative formulation of quantum particle physics.


This paper deals with the oscillation of third-order nonlinear impulsive equations with delay. The results in this paper improve and extend some results for the equations without impulses. Some examples are given to illustrate the main results.


Objective:To develop an HPLC method for determination of berberine and quereetin in Migan granules. Methods:A Diamonsil C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)column was used with a mobile phase of aeetonitrile-0.05 mol·L~(-1)potassium dihydrogen phosphate(27:73),and flow rate of 1.0 mL·min~(-1);The detection wavelength was set at 360 nm and the column temperature was room temperature.Results:The calibration curves were linear in the range of 8.33-41.6μg·mL~(-1)for berberine(r=0.9997) and 4.08-20.4μg·mL~(-1)for quercetin(r=0.9998). The average recovery(n=6)of berberine was 98.6% and that of quercetin was 97.8%.Conclusion:The method is convenient,selective and reproducible for determination of berberine and quercetin in Migan granules.


A three-dimensional edge element procedure is presented to analyze the magnetic field around thin shields embedded in a physically large domain. The shield region is eliminated from the computational domain and coupled boundary conditions named impedance network boundary conditions are imposed on the new boundary surfaces to take into account the field discontinuity produced by the eliminated shield. An experimental setup is built and the measured magnetic fields are compared to the results obtained by the proposed procedure.


The effect of calcium channels blockers (CCB), such as diltiazem, amlodipine and cinnarizine was evaluated to explore the course of aseptic inflammation in sexually mature male rats. CCB in experimental animals show a remodeling effect on the exudative phase of inflammation, providing a distinct non- inferior anti exudative effect in large doses, compare to the classic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug like diclofenac sodium. Interestingly, all investigated drugs suppress not only the exudative but also the proliferative phase of inflammation. Based on the results obtained, we recommended revising the structure of pharmacotherapy in patients taking into account comorbid diseases, the etiology of the inflammatory process of various localization.


In this study, a simple and effective method was presented for the preparation of binder-free conducting polymer/metal oxide binary composite electrode materials. The novel electropolymerizable thiophene monomer, 3-[(2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophen-3′-yl)]-2-cyanoacrylic acid) (SDOGA),...


This article is part of a qualitative study about the relationship between the individual and drugs, using the life history method. We propose an analysis of the school performance of 12 interviewees. Half of the cases completed at least the 9 th Grade. The years


A circularly polarized omnidirectional small helical antenna consisting of n-pairs of tilted half wavelength dipole antennas wound helically in the same direction is proposed. The antenna has a simple structure and no feeding network such as a 90 degrees hybrid phase shifter or a split-sheath balun and a quarter wavelength transformer. The paper describes the principle of the proposed antenna, and shows some experimental results and the analytical approaches by using a simple model.


Abstract : The synthesis of LMH-2 until recently has been plagued by the low density of the product. In an effort to determine the theoretical density of LMH-2, attempts have been made to index X-ray powder photographs of the material. These attempts have thus far been frustrated by low symmetry and lack of purity of phase and composition. An in-house program was initiated at Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory to complement contractual research in this area. Microscopic studies of reported polymorphic transitions were investigated and found to be inconclusive. An early powder diffraction pattern of BeH2 has been shown to be indexed incorrectly. A radial distribution analysis of the glassy phase of LMH-2 was carried out using X-ray diffraction methods. The results of the analysis confirm the theoretical tetrahedral four-fold coordination proposed for the cation. The implications of the coordination in terms of possible densities is reviewed with respect to the densities of SiO2 polymorphs. (Author)


A 1D organic–inorganic hybrid polyoxometalate chain has been used as a non-coordinating anionic template for the construction of a novel 3D copper halide 4,4′-bipy framework, namely [Cu3ICl(4,4′-bipy)4][CuII(1,10-phen)2Mo8O26]. X-ray diffraction experiments revealed that the title compound consists of chloride-bridged trinuclear CuI units linked by neutral organic 4,4′-bipy groups into a 3D framework with hexagon-like channels in which 1D organic–inorganic hybrid polyoxometalate chains reside. This is the first example of a 1D organic–inorganic hybrid polyoxometalate chain functioning as a novel anionic template for the construction of a 3D framework. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)


The essence of the subjective meaning of hai(还) is counter-expectation,derived from its basic meaning of continuation of a situation. Counter-expectation is a conventionalized inference of surprise at the continuation of a situation when that continuation is not expected. Profiling speakers' attitudes towards an objective situation,counter-expectation can explain various uses of hai in modern spoken Chinese that cannot be accounted for by the basic,objective meaning of hai. Objective and subjective meanings of hai coexist in modern Chinese and the adverbial hai may display either an objective or a subjective meaning,or both in varying degrees in different contexts. The synchronic polysemy of hai reflects the adverbial's diachronic path of semantic change.


nations involved in ordinary Mendelian phenomena; that the mutative changes concern various characteristics of the plant, but that the factor for each new type is regularly inherited as a unit, sometimes howing linkage with another factor pair, so that we may suppose, in some cases at least, that the essential change is limited to a portion of one chromosome. The very first est of these conclusions would demand that the mutations reproduce the mutational type in 75 per cent of their progeny in the first generation, and that 25 per cent of the progeny be homozygous dominants. This condition apparently is satisfied in the case of only i mutation of the 8, and until the data appear we have no basis for an independent judgment as to whether the progenies of the second generation were large enough to prove the point at issue. Except from this one mutation, no homozygous mutational type has segregated from any of the supposed heterozygous dominants. In the mind of one who is familiar with the group of the evening primroses a suspicion naturally arises that FROST'S mutations are not Mendelian at all, but that they show the type of behavior familiar in Oenothera l ta DeVries, and recently discovered in mutations from 0. stenomeres and 0. pratincola. These mutations always give progenies consisting of a mixture of the parental and mutational types. In the case of 0. lata the cytological explanation is now so well known as hardly to require comment; it certainly suggests that a cytological examination of the ,Matthiola mutations would not be amiss. Reciprocal crosses between the mutational and parental types might also throw light on the possible analogy between the evening primroses and stocks, for in such types as Oenothera lata mutational characters are carried only by part of the female gametes, and by none of the male gametes. All that FROST tells about the Matthiola mutations o exactly parallels what is found in Oenothera that one can hardly refrain from suggesting, in the absence of data supporting his own interpretation, that instead of discovering new Mendelian dominants he has found in a widely distant group some of the perplexing phenomena which critics of the mutation theory persist in regarding as peculiar to Oenothera. More and more facts are coming to light in groups other than Oenothera which do not fall into line according to Mendelian expectations. As an example of what looks like mutation in the DeVriesian sense, one thinks of the rogues of peas, investigated by BATESON; as an example of matroclinic, non-segregating hybrids, quite comparable to those of Oenothera, we have the cases in Primula, recently reported by PELLEW and DURHAM. If the type of heredity shown by Oenothera lata were found to apply to the mutations of Matthiola, it would be almost as interesting as the discovery of new Mendelian dominants.-H. H. BARTLETT.


Much of South Africa is water-stressed, leading the Department of Water Affairs (DWA) to initiate studies that will help the country reconcile its water needs with its water resources. In the Northern Region of the country, SRK Consulting is assisting with one such reconciliation study, which includes assessing the vital importance of ground water.


Abstract Personal and social education has increasingly become a central concern in formal education, mainly due to the fact that the "traditional" school organisation is not fulfilling its duties in preparing youngsters for active participation in society. In Portugal the last decades have been characterised by a rapid social change that had a profound impact on the educational system. A review of the major transformations in Portuguese education is presented, with a special emphasis on the Education Act (1986). The role of the school in preparing students for the experiences, opportunities and responsibilities of adult life is translated in an area of personal and social education that assumes four curricular strategies: cross‐curricular dissemination; a non‐disciplinary curricular space for project development (school area); a specific discipline of one hour per week‐‐personal and social development‐‐alternative to moral and religious education; and extracurricular activities.


Positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) fusion combines the advantages of both imaging modalities (quantification of metabolic activity and anatomic localization of tumor). With once scan, whole-body imagings can obtain with highly sensitivity to reflect the physiological and biochemical processes of the body and accurate position about the lesions. As an important clinical imaging diagnostic tool, since the first combined PET/CT scanner introduced to the medical community in 1998, it's has been gradually applied in the detection of ophthalmic tumors in recent years, such as choroidal melanoma, choroidal metastatic carcinoma, retinoblastoma, ocular lymphoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma of lacrimal gland etc. In this paper, the principle of PET/CT, the clinical application value of standardized uptake value (SUV) and the clinical application of PET/CT in ocular tumors were summarized.

Key words:
Positron emission tomography and computed tomography;  Fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose;  Standardized uptake value;  Ocular tumor


Convergence proofs are given for the projection based boundary element methods for the numerical solution of various Fourier problems in regions with smooth compact boundaries. Volterra integral equations of the 2nd kind are formulated with associated integral operators mapping the space of continuous functions on a compactum into itself. The compactness of these operators ia shown, yielding the error estimates in supremum norme for a wide class of projection based BEMs. Extensions of the error analysis to the initial -boundary value problems of convective heat conduction are also discussed.


This paper proposes and implements an efficient multi-processor Network Access Controller(NAC) based on message transfers in Network-on-Chip(NoC).It supports receiving and transmitting simultaneously,contains a series of configurable registers,and introduces a Message Table(MT) based receiving method which makes data transfer more efficient by recording and updating receiving configuration information of messages automatically.The hardware scale of the NAC is about 20 443 gates and it operates at 300 MHz AHB clock in SMIC 0.18 μm technology.


Sportsmanship and the development of positive character have long been explicit goals of school sports. A strong belief exists that sport programs have the power to promote the development of sportsmanlike behaviors, ethical decision-making skills, and a total curriculum for moral character development" (Stoll, 1995, p. 335) and provide a social environment to acquire personal and social values and behaviors contributing to good character and good citizenship (Arnold, 1984; Sage, 1998). The arena of sport can provide one of "the greatest opportunities for a student to learn honesty, integrity... and ethical behavior" or it can provide "one of the greatest opportunities in school for a youngster to learn how to be dishonest...or how to be hypocritical" (Sabock, 1985, p. 271). Little empirical research exists supporting that mere participation in and of itself leads to the development of moral character. In fact, the opposite appears true, that sport participation may be more likely to negatively affect moral character (Bredemeier, 1984; Priest, Krause, & Beach, 1999; Stoll & Beller, 2000). Whether positive or negative, "[s]ports have immense power to shape consciousness, values, and beliefs of athletes and to pass on selected aspects of the dominant culture" (Sage, 1998, p. 264). This digest discusses the formal and informal processes of moral character development, in light of the types of programs that have shown to improve moral character, sportsmanship, and fair play. Terminology


The university is a specially propitious site for innovation due to such basic features as its high rate of flow through human capital (Etzkowitz, 2003). Although it is evident that entrepreneurship within the university augurs well for the host institution and for its external environment (Meyers and Pruthi, 2011), there is still a lack of agreement regarding what constitutes an entrepreneurial university. This paper tries to fill this gap, identifying the most critical factors that condition the entrepreneurial university. The methodology adopted to develop this empirical analysis consisted of a self-devised questionnaire which was used for data gathering at the European level. Building on this collected data, the relationships between independent and dependent variables integrating the proposed entrepreneurial university model were analysed. The research outcomes showed that networking, mobility and staff development in entrepreneurship were the most relevant factors for promoting economic and social development through academic entrepreneurship activities.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and changes of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by intraoral vertical ramus osteotomoy (IVRO). The subjects were ten patients with mandibular prognathism associated with TMJ clicking and dysfunction.Ten patients were treated with IVRO and followed-up for 226 days on average. Signs and symptoms and MR imaging of TMJ were evaluated in pre- and postoperative phases. Prior to IVRO, all patients had been treated nonsurgically for their TMJ dysfunction, and most of the patients relieved pain, but not joint clicking. Preoperative orthodontic treatment was performed for about 13 months.Surgical correction of mandibular prognathism by IVRO was successfully done without any episode of relapse, and clicking sound disappeared in all patients after surgery. There was neither associated pain nor dysfunction in all TMJs. In the MR imagings, postoperative improvement of preoperative abnormal disc configuration was found in four of eight TMJs, nine joints disclosed appropriate condylar sag, and normal disc-condyle coordination was restored in seven of ten joints. Interestingly, despite of no obvious imaging changes in the remaining subjects, clinical improvement was confirmed.These results suggested that IVRO may be a suitable surgery for a jaw deformity patient with concomitant TMJ clicking and dysfucntion.


Practical deployment methods for sensor nodes are demanding as applications using sensor nodes increase. In particular, node connectivity is crucial not only for the network longevity but also for direct impacts on sensing and data collection capability. Economic requirement at building sensor networks and often limited access for sensor fields due to hostile environment force to remain at random deployment from air. However, random deployment often result in lost connection problem and inefficient network topology issue due to node irregularity. In this paper, mixed deployment of key nodes that have better communication capability is proposed to support the original deployment into working in an efficient way. Node irregularity is improved by introducing mixed nodes and an efficient mixed node density is also analyzed. Simulation results show that the mixed deployment method has better performance than the existing deployment methods.


THE disappearance of free phosphate during glycogenolysis in muscle extract or brei is a striking phenomenon, which has been well known for many years. It is only recently, however, that it has become possible to analyse this pheno-menon, and it is now clear that more than one mechanism can be involved. Parnas and his colleagues lately elucidated one of these mechanisms, showing that in a dialysed muscle extract glycogen can react with inorganic phosphate giving hexosemonophosphate In the absence of no further reaction takes place and hexosemonophosphate accumulates, until the whole of the glycogen or the whole of the phosphate is used up. If adenylpyrophosphate is now added, hexosediphosphate is formed.


BACKGROUND
Studies suggest that patients who undergo off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) have fewer short-term complications and use fewer inpatient resources than do patients who undergo standard coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with extracorporeal circulation. However, dissimilarity between groups in risk factors for complications has hindered interpretation of results.

OBJECTIVES
To compare the prevalence of selected complications (atrial fibrillation, stroke, reoperation, and bleeding) and inpatient resource utilization (length of stay, discharge disposition, total charges) between subjects undergoing primary isolated CABG or OPCABG who were matched with respect to key risk factors.

METHODS
Retrospective, causal-comparative survey conducted in 1 center for 18 months. Patients who underwent primary isolated CABG or OPCABG were matched for sex, age (within 2 years), left ventricular ejection fraction (within 0.05), and graft-patient ratio (exact match) and compared for prevalence of new-onset atrial fibrillation, stroke, reoperation within 24 hours, and bleeding. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon and t tests for paired comparisons.

RESULTS
The sample (107 matched pairs) was 63% male, with a mean age of 66 (SD 9.5) years, a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 0.51 (SD 0.13), and a mean graft-patient ratio of 3.41 (SD 0.74). The 2 groups did not differ significantly in New York Heart Association class (P = .43), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score (P = .22), postoperative beta-blocker use (P = .73), or comorbid conditions. None of the complications examined differed significantly between pairs.

CONCLUSION
Patients with comparable risk profiles have similar prevalences of selected complications after CABG and OPCABG.


Using the framework of the plot and staging peculiarities of the recent ballet sensation — "Scheherazade" to the music of Nikolai A. Rimsky-Korsakov, the author gives detailed characteristics and provides the history of the most significant treasures of the Iranian crown. The author researches the origin and the location of two parts of the famous pink 'table' diamond — the Big Diamond Tablet, divided into two parts (Darya-i-Nur and Nur-al-Ain), the history and stages of making the wedding tiara and the coronation headdress of Farah Pahlavi are traced. The article provides information on the origin and storage of the most iconic treasures of the Iranian crown after the Islamic Revolution — starting from the throne on which Mohammed Reza Pahlavi was the last to sit, to the two most famous shah's crowns — the Kiani crown and the crown of the last Shah. The author especially notes the importance of the interpretation of precious artifacts in the ballet, staged by Alexei Miroshnichenko, to awaken the interest of the Russian public in the culture and art of Iran.


1En Chu Kong Hospital,Sanhsia District,New Taipei City, 23702, Taiwan. Morden hospice palliative care was introduced into Taiwan in 1990. Buddhist Lotus Hospice Care Foundation(LHCF) was organized in 1994 to join the hospice movement. In order to invite Buddhist chaplains to join the care of hospice patients, LHCF started to establish Clinical Buddhist Chaplaincy (CBC) Training Program at the palliative unit of the National Taiwan University Hospital in 1998. It has succeeded complete training of 63 chaplains. 33 of them now served in 44 hospice units in Taiwan. The participation of the certified Clinical Buddhist Chanlains(CBCs) in the hospice care has remarkably improved the quality of spiritual care for the terminal patients. Being the first in the hospice history and also Buddhist history, this CBC training system has spreaded from Taiwan to Japan.


Whether renal phosphate wasting in X‐linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) results from an intrinsic renal or humoral defect remains controversial. In studies of the murine homolog of XLH, harboring the Simian Virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen, we obviated the influence of renal cell heterogeneity and impressed memory by comparing Na+‐phosphate cotransport in immortalized cells from the S1 segment of the proximal tubule. Cells from SV40 transgenic normal and Hyp mice exhibit characteristics of differentiated proximal tubule cells including gluconeogenesis and alkaline phosphatase activity. Surprisingly, however, we found two distinct populations of cells from the S1 proximal tubule of both normal and Hyp mice. In one, PTH treatment increases cAMP accumulation, while in the other both PTH and thyrocalcitonin enhance cAMP production. Kinetic parameters for Na+‐phosphate cotransport were similar in both subpopulations of cells from normal (Km, 0.29 ± 0.03 vs. 0.39 ± 0.04 mM; Vmax, 4.6 ± 0.6 vs. 5.2 ± 0.4 nmol/mg/5 minutes) and Hyp mice (0.33 ± 0.02 vs. 0.26 ± 0.04; 6.0 ± 0.7, 4.8 ± 0.6). More importantly, phosphate transport in S1 cells of either subpopulation from Hyp mice is no different than that of normals. These data indicate that renal proximal tubule cells from Hyp mice have intrinsically normal phosphate transport and support the hypothesis that a humoral abnormality underlies renal phosphate wasting in XLH.


The ability to change others' attention for our own benefit is referred to as attention manipulation and is known to be an important cognitive ability for coordination in cooperative tasks. In this work, we formulate attention manipulation in the context of reinforcement learning (RL) agents and argue that if the environment is complex enough agents will learn to use this skill. In particular, we first outline some of the characteristics in the environment that make it complex enough for this behavior to become relevant. Then, we test RL agents in two environments with such characteristics. Finally, we estimate a measure of attention manipulation using information theory functionals proposed to capture causal influence. Our results indicate that attention manipulation can be used by relatively simple RL agents to achieve better coordination in cooperative tasks.


Vitamin E significantly (P less than 0.01), inhibited lipid peroxidation as indicated by malonaldehyde (MDA) production and improved significantly (P less than 0.01) motility and percent live spermatazoa of B. bubalis semen. Bulls with higher MDA formation had lower sperm motility and percent live count. Variance due to bulls for all the three parameters were significant (P less than 0.05).


The proper evaluation of concrete strength is the principal part of the acceptance of concrete work. The current check and evaluation of concrete strength are based on the standard of "the inspection and assessment standard of concrete strength". Various methods in the standard are analyzed in this paper according to the theoretical analysis combined with numerical simulation.


The NSF Center for Adaptive Optics (CfAO) is coordinating a five to ten year program for the development of MEMS-based spatial light modulators suitable for adaptive optics applications. Participants in this multi-disciplinary program include several partner institutions and research collaborators. The goal of this program is to produce MEMS spatial light modulators with several thousand actuators that can be used for high-resolution wavefront control applications and would benefit from low device cost, small system size, and low power requirements. We present an overview of the CfAO MEMS development plan along with details of the current program status. Piston mirror array devices that satisfy minimum application requirements have been developed, and work is continuing to enhance the piston devices, add tip-tilt functionality, extend actuator stroke, create a large array addressing platform, and develop new coating processes.


This paper reviews a technique of adaptive wavelet expansions and introduces the novel concept of "biased wavelets." These are functions that are localized in time and in frequency but, unlike conventional wavelets, have an adjustable nonzero mean component. Under mild conditions, it is shown that a conventional mother wavelet can be used to construct a family of biased wavelets which spans the set of finite-energy functions L2(R). Numerical tests suggest that the introduction of the adjustable "bias" considerably improves the representation capabilities of wavelet expansions. A problem of electrocardiographic data compression is used for illustration purposes. Test signals were extracted from the MIT?BIH ECG Compression Test Database.


colostomies. Type IV cases have usually been treated by perineal dissection also, and with similar results but a higher primary mortality. The case of the boy reported here emphasizes the feasibility in this type of a formal anastomosis by the abdominal approach, as in restorative resection for carcinoma. It is clear that the distal rectum develops very satisfactorily by itself as it were, and becomes a very useful structure in time. Only one report of an abdominal anastomosis has been traced in the literature, that of Patton (1949). He had a Type IV-case in which he did a colostomy on the second day of life, and at fourteen months he carried out an abdominal anastomosis with success. This seems a little early, but the operation appears to be perfectly feasible by the age of 6 or 7 years. The disadvantage is the effect on the child and parents of a colostomy for those years, but if it could be closed before the child went to school it would not be insupportable. Certainly the results of anterior anastomosis, restoring normal rectal function; are infinitely better than those too frequently seen after perineal dissections-,"an unsatisfactory colostomy in an uncontrollable place, with bouts of obstruction due to contraction of scar tissue around the opening alternating with bouts of incontinence when this opening is dilated" (Browne, 1951).


The events leading to the Strathclyde Review highlighted a fundamental problem with our democratic system, namely that it is currently skewed too far in favour of representation, with little to ensure individual government actions are aligned with public's preferences, writes Harry Farmer. He argues if this is to change, reform of the House of Lords needs to take into consideration the current failings of representative democracy.


1. Complete thyroparathyroidectomy was performed on thirteen dogs, with the result that all except one developed typical tetany in some degree within one to fourteen days. The one not showing these symptoms was killed on the twenty-second day after the operation, to be used as an operated control. The tissue from three normal dogs supplied the necessary control material.

2. The symptoms of parathyroid tetany suggest an acute affection of the nervous system, especially of the nerve centres. This fact is strongly supported by microscopic alterations found in the nerve cells, the degree of which corresponds very closely to the acuteness of the attacks. These pictures point to a condition of general toxaemia.

3. Not all cells of a single animal or even of a single nerve-nucleus are affected to the same extent, so that for the same animal various steps in the reaction can be recognised. The alterations cannot be considered as the result of activity alone, but are interpreted as being produced by the same agent or agents which act as stimuli upon the neuromuscular mechanism.

4. A careful study of the nerve cells from Nissl preparations has been made, taking representative sections from the spinal cord, medulla oblongata, cerebellum, pons, mid-brain, thalamus, and cruciate gyrus.

5. The nerve cells of dog C, the operated control, are well within the normal. In the remaining twelve animals definite although varying degrees of alterations were found in these elements. In general, one might say that these changes are proportional to the acuteness of the tetanic affection. The milder grades of tetany, although extending over several days, are less drastic in their effects as measured by nerve-cell reaction than more acute attacks of a few hours' duration.

6. Sufficiently graduated stages are represented to warrant an account of the course of the affection. Early in the chromatolytic reaction, as measured by the severity of the symptoms, there is a stage of absolute hyperchromatosis with shrinkage of the cells, after which the amount of stainable material gradually diminishes through fragmentation and dissolution. This begins in the perinuclear region and spreads towards the periphery until a stage is reached in which normal staining Nissl substance can no longer be demonstrated.

7. The nucleus, on the other hand, seems to maintain its integrity to a greater extent. Except that it is slightly swollen and clouded, it appears to be normal. Complete degeneration of the cells, with karyorrhexis or karyolysis, was not seen; and in very few cells, if any, did it appear that the alterations were beyond repair had it been possible to restore the normal condition of the animal.

8. Shifting of the nucleus toward the periphery, although occasionally seen, occurred no more frequently in the experimental than in the control tissues. Vacuolisation of the cytoplasm commonly accompanied the most acute affection, particularly in the Purkinje cells and granule cells of the cerebrum. This was often associated with perivascular and pericellular œdema.

9. The associated hyperpyrexia was roughly proportional to the severity of the tetanic spasms, and followed rather than preceded the latter. This increase in body temperature is sufficient by itself to produce changes in the nerve cells, and undoubtedly exaggerates the condition of general poisoning. But this alone cannot account for the nerve-cell alterations, since these occur in milder form in animals whose temperature remains about normal.

10. This work offers insufficient proof of the conclusion that there is an increase in the number of glia cells, or that the processes can be seen for greater distances from the cell-bodies. Little importance is attached to these findings of other observers.


A new technique of derivative infrared spectroscopy for the study of polymer structure with special reference to cotton cellulose is described. Absorption spectra of cotton cellulose are compared with second deravative spectra. In case of absorption spectra, while determining the wavelength and intensity of a given absorption, in many cases, difficulties arise due to the presence of an interfering band which, as a consequence of overlap, prevents the determination of the above properties. Derivative spectroscopy provides valuable information on structural properties of cellulose. It yields spectra gradient, which facilitates the separation of overlapping absorption bands to resolve and detect absorptions; neither were unresolvable as a consequence either of multiple bands overlap or of low intensity. Hence, the measured wavelength in the second derivative spectra are more precise than the absorption spectra. For fine structural studies of cellulose, derivative spectra may provide more useful information as the absorption bands are more clearly defined.


At Beijing Railway Station, the author collects the basic data of 1998.4 and applies the regress analytical method of mathematical statistics to analyze the relation between the volume and weight of baggage and parcel.After collecting the statistical data from two different aspects, the paper also establishes the relation model of the volume and weight,and offers the sustain for loading of the baggage and parcel.


The importance of faster drug development has never been more evident than in present time when the whole world is struggling to cope up with the COVID-19 pandemic. At times when timely development of effective drugs and treatment plans could potentially save millions of lives, drug repurposing is one area of medicine that has garnered much of research interest. Apart from experimental drug repurposing studies that happen within wet labs, lot many new quantitative methods have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, one such quantitative methods for drug repurposing is implemented and evaluated. DruSiLa (DRUg in-SIlico LAboratory) is an in-silico drug repurposing method that leverages disease similarity measures to quantitatively rank existing drugs for their potential therapeutic efficacy against novel diseases. The proposed method makes use of available, manually curated, and open datasets on diseases, their genetic origins, and disease-related patho-phenotypes. DruSiLa evaluates pairwise disease similarity scores of any given target disease to each known disease in our dataset. Such similarity scores are then propagated through disease-drug associations, and aggregated at drug nodes to rank them for their predicted effectiveness against the target disease.


Hydroxyapatite (HA), beta-tricalcium phosphate and bioactive glasses are commonly used as reabsorbable biomaterials, mainly in orthopaedics and dentistry. The performance of each material depends on many factors, in particular, on their chemical and phase composition, microstructure, granule size and pore volume. For this reason, it is important to have a full characterization that allows correlating these properties with the material biological behaviour.

In this work, three commercial samples of materials currently used in dentistry as bone substitutes were characterized. Granules corresponding to bovine and synthetic HA and bioactive glass 45S5 type were studied by scanning electron microscopy, conventional and synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence. The specific surface area was also obtained by the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller method.

We observed that Ca/P molar ratios for both HAs are higher than the value corresponding to the stoichiometric HA. The coherent domain obtained for the bovine HA is larger along the c axis crystal direction, and it is around 15 times lower than the value corresponding to the synthetic HA. The specific surface area for the bovine HA is one of the highest values reported in literature. Low amounts of crystalline CaO were observed only for the synthetic HA sample. Crystalline combeite and wollastonite were detected for the bioactive glass sample and quantified by using rutile as internal standard. The relation between the physico-chemical characterization performed in this work and the potential biological response of the materials is discussed in terms of the information available in literature. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In vitro expansion of undifferentiated porcine primed embryonic stem (ES) cells is facilitated by use of non‐cellular niches that mimic three‐dimensional (3D) microenvironments enclosing an inner cell mass of porcine blastocysts. Therefore, we investigated the integrin heterodimers on the surface of undifferentiated porcine primed ES cells for the purpose of developing a non‐cellular niche to support in vitro maintenance of the self‐renewal ability of porcine primed ES cells. Immunocytochemistry and a fluorescence immunoassay were performed to assess integrin α and β subunit levels, and attachment and antibody inhibition assays were used to evaluate the function of integrin heterodimers. The integrin α3, α5, α6, α9, αV, and β1 subunits, but not the α1, α2, α4, α7, and α8 subunits, were identified on the surface of undifferentiated porcine primed ES cells. Subsequently, significant increase of their adhesion to fibronectin, tenascin C, and vitronectin were observed and functional blocking of integrin heterodimer α5β1, α9β1, or αVβ1 showed significantly inhibited adhesion to fibronectin, tenascin C, or vitronectin. No integrin α6β1 heterodimer‐mediated adhesion to laminin was detected. These results demonstrate that active α5β1, α9β1, and αVβ1 integrin heterodimers are present on the surface of undifferentiated porcine primed ES cells, together with inactive integrin α3 (presumed) and α6 subunits.


Increasing recognition of the cultural and linguistic diversity that is characteristic of the Australian school population, and the wide distribution of literacy achievement amongst students raises a number of equity issues for policy makers, school leaders, and teachers in all education jurisdictions. These issues are as relevant in the middle years of schools as at all other stages of schooling. Editing this issue of Literacy Learning: the Middle Tears has provided me with an opportunity to highlight some of the innovative work at school and system level that addresses these issues. Educational systems in all jurisdictions play a key role in designing and resourcing professional learning programs built on significant foundational work, and ongoing support. The resources of the systems, and system responses to government priorities such as the current National Partnerships for Literacy and Numeracy, enable the organisation of extended professional learning opportunities, and ongoing support from expert advisers. Across Australia, innovative and supportive programs are being implemented by schools and systems, building on a firm foundation of research evidence about literacy learning, and about effective literacy teaching practices. Work from five states and territories is represented in this issue, and reports of work from other states and territories will appear in subsequent issues. The innovations are described from multiple perspectives: some from within a school, others from a system perspective. Strong common themes emerge from this collection. A dominant theme involves understanding of the wide range of learning needs of students from diverse backgrounds. Another key theme identifies the significance of quality teaching in improving literacy learning, and the imperative to build teacher capacity. A related theme concerns the centrality of professional knowledge about literacy, and about how students learn to be literate, and the ways in which this knowledge is developed. A fourth theme reflects the evolution and refinement of programs in response to contextual change. The current research base on effective professional learning is strong, and has been taken into account in the design of programs featured in this journal. The importance of an emphasis on content knowledge is well recognised, and is evident in the programs. Sustained professional learning made possible through job-embedded professional learning in collaborative environments is well supported by research. The perspectives on the role of literacy coaches in three different systems provide useful insights into ways in which coaches work shoulder to shoulder with classroom teachers, bringing expertise directly to the teaching situation. Literacy in the middle years is part of a continuum that commences from the beginning of school. This continuum is evident in this set of articles, which range from an account of a system-designed program designed to strengthen teachers' understanding of comprehension in years 3-6, to a vivid description of teachers' work with Indigenous students in Years 11 and 12 to strengthen their skills in Standard Australian English. …


The main objective of the proposed work is to provide client about the Status of the Agriculture crops planted by analyzing the data gathered from sensors installed in fields and to provide notifications via email under any abnormal conditions arises by implementing Real time crop monitoring System using Internet of Things and Data Analysis Predictive


Monte Carlo criticality calculations using the Probability Table Method and Multigroup cross section representation show the importance of the resonance structure of the uranium isotopes in well-moderated systems.


Back ground: study was conducted to determine the frequency of plantar fasciitis among three different universities students due to improper shoes. It was cross-sectional study. Plantar fasciitis is the inflammation of plantar fascia; plantar fascia is a thick connective tissue that forms the medial arch of foot. Improper shoes cause constant pressure and irritation on plantar fascia that leads to inflammation. When someone wears improper shoes, pronation activity of the foot decreased and it can lead to plantar fasciitis. Objective: The objective of study was to determine the frequency of plantar fasciitis due to improper shoes among three different universities students. Material and Methods: Study was cross-sectional and the data was collected from university students. Data was collected by using questionnaire and by applying statistical procedures results were concluded. Results: There were the following results in this study as, 35.5% participants without pain, 45% with mild pain, 16% with moderate pain and 3.6% with severe pain. There were 84% participants with single etiology, 13% participants with multiple etiology and 3% participants with nerve entrapment. There were 31 participants with no pain, 49 participants with mild pain, 11 participants with moderate pain and 2 participants with severe pain between ages 20-25 years. And between ages 26-30 there were 29 participants with no pain, 27 with mild pain, 16 with moderate pain and 4 participants with severe pain. Conclusion: Study concluded that 55.6% participants were between ages of 20-25 years. 54.4% participants were females, 59.2% participants were with no pain, 84% participants were with single etiology that is plantar fasciopathy. There were mostly participants suffered with mild pain and only 3.6% participants showed response with severe pain. There were mostly participants suffered with single etiology and the number of affected participants with plantar fasciitis slightly increased with age.


The methods of combining the theory of physical psychology with teaching practice are applied to callisthenics teaching for girl students in colleges. The results reveal that application of many teaching methods could stimulate their senses and thinking ability, accelerate and strengthen effectively their memory of callisthenics sets, thus improve the quality of their practices.


This paper discusses in detail the necessity and urgency of quota management on industry water consumption in Beijing based on analyzing the city's present water resources. Meanwhile, the background of development, development method, system structure and function were discussed. MIS, GIS and multimedia technology based on user-centered software development method were used in the whole process of system development. So, it improves the system's application and whole capability. 


Our objective with this award was to conduct the preliminary experiments necessary to assess the state of the art of existing mass spectrometry signal segmentation algorithms. Although unforeseeable complications prevented the completion of all proposed research goals, completed research aims resulted in: • A cross-platform mass spectrometry data viewer with the ability to pan, zoom, and scroll. • Motivation for experimental ground truth data through exposing breakdown cases of the leading mass spectrometry simulator. • A completed code framework for running and testing existing isotopic trace segmentation algorithms. Since the receipt of this award, we have submitted three related external research proposals. One has been awarded (NSF CAREER award for $742,000), and one is in review. Cross-platform mass spectrometry viewer: Prior to this research, there was no mass spectrometry viewing software available that provided the ability to efficiently navigate through a 3-d visualization of mass spectrometry data. We developed software called JS-MS that provides a cross-platform, browser-based viewer for mass spectrometry data. JS-MS features both a 3-d view and a 2-d view, plotting data points with colors corresponding to their intensities. The viewer is designed modularly, and works with an unspecified backend data storage module. The viewer accepts navigation requests from the user and translates these into queries to the backend. The viewer then plots the data received in response to the query. Zooming with JS-MS is initiated by click-dragging the mouse or by using the mouse scroll wheel. The zoomed display region contains more visible data points, allowing more precise analysis. All viewing features, including tracking and panning, are retained in zoomed view. The user can also use the arrow buttons to scroll up, down, left, or right in the data, a feature not available in any other mass spectrometry viewing software. The default color palette can be toggled to a color-blind-friendly color palette using an interface button. The color blind option and other user settings are persisted in a cookie. A legend is displayed in a corner of the graph. The legend shows the three axes with labels in the orientation matching the graph's. It can also be used to show the current viewing window in relation to the whole data set, much like a minimap does in video games. This window provides context to the local view and facilitates sequential navigation through the entire output. A peer-reviewed short paper describing this software with two undergraduate co-authors was accepted as a podium presentation at BIOT 2015, an international bioinformatics conference. Motivation for experimental ground truth: Mass spectrometry simulation is complicated. We attempted to use JAMSS, a published mass spectrometry simulator, to create our ground truth data sets. After creating JS-MS, we were disappointed to find that although JAMSS has been successfully used to generate small mass spectrometry simulations with more realistic data characteristics than any other available simulator, the signals generated in the simulations for this project were readily recognizable as unrealistic and therefore unusable for quantitative evaluation. This result was unexpected but still useful for two reasons. First, we showed that current simulation tools are insufficient for quantitative evaluation of mass spectrometry algorithms. This result informed our request for $70,000 on our NSF CAREER award for the purpose of creating ground truth data sets experimentally. Without our result, it is unclear whether we could have justified the large expense needed to generate experimental ground truth data. Second, we identified future research in the form of improving the data generation models used in JAMSS. Framework for isotopic trace segmentation: We created scaffolds for running parameter searches for the following published algorithms for isotopic trace segmentation: Massifquant, MatchedFilter, and CentWave. The three isotopic trace segmentation algorithms tested each require the user to provide several parameters which have a significant effect on the performance of the algorithm. In order to provide a sufficient evaluation of the performance of each method, an extensive list of parameter permutations must be tested. In other words, rather than consisting of a single run, the testing of one algorithm on one data set requires hundreds of runs, one for each permutation of possible parameters. We have developed the list of parameters and code to perform an automatic grid search of all parameter permutations will enable future quantitative evaluation of these algorithms as soon as a ground truth dataset is available. As noted, our current NSF funding provides for the construction of this dataset, and we will be able to pursue these tests shortly.


Deuterium NMR spectra of a specifically deuterated double tailed surfactant sodium 4-(1'-heptylnonyl)-benzenesulfonate (SHBS) both dry and in liquid crystals formed with water were obtained from -70 to 90°C.


HAM is the most fundamental human rights and attached to it. Islam requires the state or individual not to ignore all human rights. However, there are variety of responses in the implementation of human rights of m uslim, such as Islam in harmony with human rights, human rights can only be realized in fact under Islamic law, human rights is an imperialist agenda which must be rejecte . I nternational human right is not in accordance with Islam, since it has a hidden agenda of anti-religious. The majority of responses were a reaction to the "double standards" of Western countries in promoting human rights. Mashood A. Baderin explained that the program of reconciliation between international human rights and Islamic law, by examining the Islamic law in depth, he concluded that Islamic law can be paralleled with international human rights, after the interpretation and re-interpretation in accordance with the changing times. With a dialogical approach to achieve a common understanding, Baderin examined all the roots of classical Islamic legal tradition and sought the paralelity with human rights. However, the proposed requirements and is not negotiable is mashlahah concept that exists in us h ul fiqh need to be prioritized. Without using the principle, it ist difficult to discuss Islamic law with international human rights. This principle is presented and reinforced by the principle of the ma r gin of appreciation were approved by the human rights commission meeting European region in 1993 in Strasbourg.


tice in this collection the efforts of Hungarian historians to free themselves from the ideological shackles that characterized so much of the historiography of their country and region in the past. Very few reviewers, if any, of complex works like these two volumes could claim the ability to have analyzed them in depth. This reviewer, who is a medievalist, may have preferred the inclusion in this collection of works of some of his favorite Hungarian historians, such as A. Kubinyi and P. Engel, who are specialists in the late middle ages. But the personal predilections of a reviewer should not obscure the value of books he is reviewing. These volumes are indispensable works for anyone interested in Hungarian history. Chaminade University of Honolulu IMRE BARD


We develop a new method leading the structure of finite subsets S and T of an abelian group with $|S+T|\le |S|+|T|$. We show also how to recover the known results in this area in a relatively short space.


As one of the most promising acid-stable catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), MoSe2 was hampered by the limited quantity of active sites and poor conductivity, which severely impede the efficiency of hydrogen production. Different from heteroatoms doping and conductivity improvement, to address this issues, the electronic structure of active edge sites Se in MoSe2 were modulated by electron injection from ruthenium deposited on MoSe2 nanosheets. The Rh-MoSe2 nanocomposite exhibits great performance enhancement with a low onset potential of 3 mV and quite low overpotential of 31 mV (vs RHE), which is superior to almost all Rh-based and MoSe2-based electrocatalysts. Experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) simulations reveal that the performance improvement stems from the modulated electronic structure of Se atoms at the edge sites by electron transfer from metal Rh to MoSe2 support, which leads to a moderate ΔGH* value of 0.09 eV compared to 0.83 eV for MoSe2 and −0.26 eV for Rh.


This visual essay explores how one individual with mental health disorders navigated the extraordinary circumstances surrounding the Coronavirus pandemic during the summer of 2020. Using feminist disability studies as a form of inquiry, the author applies a combination of visual and narrative arts-based methods to explore various coping strategies employed during the shelter-in-place mandate. Throughout this essay, the author describes the creative process and subsequent transformations that occurred while working through feelings of loneliness, guilt, fear, helplessness, aimlessness, anger, disappointment, and most prominently the feeling of being trapped. This essay concludes with recognition of the artistic process that informs the product, finding value in both, while simultaneously encouraging individuals to explore this type of self-reflective creative practice.


Disclosed are a controlling system and a controlling method of a DC-DC converter, including a microcomputer deriving an input limit current value by dividing an input limit power value into an input voltage value; a conversion circuit scaling the input limit current value as a limit voltage value; a voltage control circuit deriving a control voltage value via a reference voltage value and an output voltage value, wherein the limit voltage value is the threshold; and a current control circuit generating a PWM control signal via the control voltage value.


Objective To search for new methods of prereatment allied skin. Methods Middle thick skin of New Zealand rabbit was taken and soaked in 20% liquid of tripterygium wilfordii for 15~30min and then transplanted to skin wounds of filial generation of rabbits. Results After pretreatment by tripteryginm wifordii,the period of skin rejection lasted to 48±2 days and the reaction for skin rejection was linghter as well. Conclusion Pretreatment allied spedies skin can be effectively used to treat large areas surface of burn wounds for children.


The evaluation of the ultimate tensile force is one of the most important problems for rock bolts and anchors.Rock,bond,bolt bar,and the cohesion among them influence the result.A numerical code,Rock Failure Process Analysis(RFPA),is developed and introduced.It simulates successfully the processes of some nonlinear and discontinuous mechanics problems in rock failure.Using the software,a series of numerical experiments are performed by orthogonal experimental method to check the influence of 6 main factors on the failure tensile load of the anchors.The results of numerical tests are compared with the results of physical tests and some conclusions are drawn.


This article examines how the EU's effectiveness as a mediator in peace negotiations can be appropriately conceptualized and analysed. Mediator effectiveness is analysed along two dimensions: goal‐attainment and conflict settlement. Investigation of the conditions of mediator effectiveness is structured around four key sets of variables: mediator leverage, mediation strategy, coherence and the conflict's context. In our empirical analysis of EU mediation between Serbia and Kosovo (Belgrade–Pristina dialogue) we find that the medium degree of EU effectiveness (both in terms of goal‐attainment and conflict settlement) can be explained by its great leverage vis‐a‐vis the conflict parties due to their EU membership aspirations and its strategy of a mix of manipulation and formulation that draws on this leverage to move parties toward agreement through the use of positive incentives. A limited degree of EU coherence and spoiler problems in Northern Kosovo seem to have had a constraining influence on EU effectiveness.


Eurocoelotes xinpingwangi sp. n. (male/female) from the Rila Mountains, SW Bulgaria is described and illustrated. The new species has somatic and genital characters that correspond well with those of the genus Eurocoelotes and belongs to the inermis species group. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Most of the existing methods assign the priorities of tasks according to the deadlines,slack times and values(density) of tasks,but seldom synthetically analyze the effects of the three factors on the priorities of tasks.This paper studies the dynamic value density and urgency of a task by studying its three attributes,proposes a dynamic priority assignment strategy DPA.In DPA strategy,two parameters p and q are used to adjust the weight that the value density and urgency of a task impact on its priority,by which,it is suitable for different applications.The experimental result shows that the performance on the accrual value and the deadline miss ratio of the system can be improved by applying DPA.


The general objective of the study was to find out Effect of technology on efficiency of service delivery in Private laboratories in Kenya. Specific objectives include to investigate the effects of information communication technology capacity on efficiency of service delivery in Private laboratories in Kenya, to determine the effects of information communication technology innovation policies on efficiency of service delivery in Private laboratories in Kenya, to assess the effects of information communication technology trainings on efficiency of service delivery in Private laboratories in Kenya and to determine how employee skills on efficiency of services delivery affect private laboratories in Kenya.
This study used a correlational research design. The target population was 52 employees from all departments and sampling shall be at least 100% of the population. Data collection was through questionnaires. The data was analyzed using two methods: Qualitative methods involve content analysis and evaluation of text material and Quantitative methods involve the use of diagrams such as tables and charts.
The findings pointed out that ICT infrastructure, ICT innovative policy, CT training and employee skills affect efficiency of service delivery in Private laboratories in Kenya .ICT infrastructure is now being viewed as an organizational core ability that is necessary for organizations to survive and prosper in rapidly-changing business competitive environments. User training has an effect on how quickly the employees can learn information communication technology trainings on efficiency of service delivery and also affects the business objectives of service delivery to be achieved. The organization should ensure adequate supply of both the technical ICT infrastructure and human ICT infrastructure. The management through ICT team should then be able to assess whether the ICT infrastructure enables employees to be able to perform their respective jobs, both from having the available technology and the necessary technological skills. The organization should ensure proactive policy and regulatory framework. The researcher suggests that the study be extended to public sector organizations to establish their constraints in adoption of modern technology and how it affects their performance.


A system 100 that allows for interactive examination of the region of interest 122 in the medical image 102, a display unit 160 for displaying the user interface elements 310, 320, 330 of the operations associated with the interactive inspection of the site of interest, the user , selecting one of associated one of the user interface element, and a processor 180 to perform one of the operations, the system further includes a setting means 120 for setting a region of interest in a medical image, interest depending on the image characteristics of the site, and a determination unit 140 for determining the anatomical characteristics 142 of region of interest, display means 160, (i) depending on the anatomical characteristics, display configuration of the user interface element set 162 displays a user interface element in accordance with (ii) display configuration.


The first paper in this series 1 dealt with the basal metabolism of preschool children. In this report I shall consider the basal metabolism of elementary school children. There have been many reports of experiments in this field because of the comparative easiness of the experimental process and also because of the greater interest manifested in school children. Benedict and Talbot 2 and Levine 3 especially have made valuable contributions. In Japan, Takahira 4 made a study in the institute with which I am associated. I have devoted myself to obtaining a general view of the basal metabolism of normal Japanese elementary school children as a part of my studies on growth and basal metabolism. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD Twenty-five children, eleven boys and fourteen girls, between the ages of 6 years and 6 months and 11 years and 9 months served as subjects. They were all healthy, and their weight, height,


Controller of parison-thickness for the use of hollow blow molding was designed. The controller used PLC as control center, touch panel as man-machine interface. Three kinds of interpolation were used, which made the creation and modification of the curve of parison-thickness more simple and convenient. For the closed-loop control strategy was applied, thus the precision of the entire controller was improved completely.


Sourness threshold values (S.T.V.) of four inorganic acids and twenty five organic acids were determined and the correlation between their structure and S.T.V. was discussed. These results suggest that the dissociation constants and the balance between hydrophobic and hydrophilic group affect S.T.V. of organic acids.(Received


The article analyzes the current situation with enforcement of the right to freedom of personal philosophy and religion of the Ukrainian citizens, which are guaranteed by Article 35 of the Constitution of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of the current legislation of Ukraine and judicial practice, the tendency of the necessity for citizens of Ukraine to appeal to the judiciary to protect their right to freedom philosophy and religion is investigated. These appeals are also closely related to the exercise of citizens' rights to the protection of confidential information about citizens, guaranteed by Article 32 of Constitution. The vast majority of citizens' claims are caused by impossibility to obtain or make changes to the passport of the Ukrainian citizen in the form of a booklet, as there are inconsistencies in regulations on this issue. In fact, the state forces its citizens to sue, established in a legal act the right of the State Migration Service to legalize and issue passports in the form of a booklet only to those citizens for whom there is entered into force decision that has the obligation to legalize and issue a passport Ukraine of the 1994 model. Defending their constitutionally guaranteed right to freedom of personal philosophy, religion and protection of personal data, citizens of Ukraine refuse to obtain a passport in the form of a plastic card. The citizens right violation guaranteed by Articles 32 and 35 of the Constitution of Ukraine is widespread and needs to be addressed immediately. The authors propose amendments to the current legislation of Ukraine regarding the settlement for believers the issue of passports registration of 1994. The authors of the article pay attention to the situation in society, which is directly related to separation of church and state, and schools from the church on the example of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine proposal to make ethics and moral courses compulsory for 5th and 6th grades Ukrainian schools with the programs "Fundamentals of Christian Ethics", "Christian Ethics in Ukrainian Culture", "Biblical Stories and Christian Ethics", "School of Marital Life" and "Orthodox Culture of Slobozhanshchyna". The authors propose to improve the provisions of Article 35 of the Constitution of Ukraine by referring in the text of the article to Ukraine as a secular state.


With reference to related historical archives and literature, this study conducted research into the history, the designer and the design dimensions of St. Paul′s Church in Macao. The remaining drawing of the facade merely reflects the correlation deduction of each controlling point in its geometric drawing. Through digital analysis, this study has further obtained the ″digitally-derived geometric design″ relations of the five-layer elevation design drawing and number-rounding adjustment of the constructing dimensions: the application of the law of equal-partition in the horizontal direction, the application of the law of upward successive-subtraction in stratification in the vertical direction, and the complicated combination of golden-rectangle controlling designs. The latter two applications are key geometrical features of Baroque Architecture.


Abstract Disclosure: K. Horie: None. S. Kitayama: None. K. Ikeda: None. T. Suzuki: None. S. Kawakami: None. S. Inoue: None. Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is the most common cancer among adolescent and young adult males. While cisplatin is a key drug that efficiently reduces TGCT growth, the acquisition of drug resistance is often life-threatening. To elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of TGCT, we established patient-derived TGCT spheroid cultures from nonseminomatous tumors, in which cancer stem cell population can be preferentially enriched. The TGCT spheroid cultures can be applied to the generation of in vivo xenograft models, which successfully recapitulated the pathological features of patient tumors with microenvironment. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that hypoxia-related genes were upregulated in TGCT spheroid cultures, and HIF1α inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol could substantially repress the in vivo tumor formation. We further generated cisplatin-resistant TGCT models from embryonic cancer patient-derived spheroids and cell line, and found that transcription-related gene high mobility group nucleosome binding domain 5 (HMGN5) and meiosis-related gene testis-expressed 11 (TEX11) were remarkably upregulated in cisplatin-resistant TGCT cells compared with their parental cells. Either HMGN5 or TEX11 knockdown could reduce the viability of cisplatin-resistant TGCT cells in the presence of cisplatin. Of note, TEX11 knockdown increased cleaved PARP1 protein expression and the percentage of double-strand break marker γH2AX-positive cells in cisplatin-resistant TGCT cells. We demonstrated that siRNA-mediated TEX11 inhibition is a promising therapeutic option for cisplatin-resistant TGCT as we showed the efficacy in in vivo xenograft models generated from cisplatin-resistant patient-derived TGCT spheroids. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing for histone H3K27 acetylation status in the TGCT spheroid cultures revealed that the enrichment of "super-enhancers", identified by the Rank Ordering of Super-enhancers algorithm [http://younglab.wi.mit.edu/super_enhancer_code.html], was well observed at chromosome 12p, where copy number gains are often observed in the tumors, and genes in the vicinity of super-enhancers identified in patient-derived TGCT models can be potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for the advanced disease. Overall, the present study provides useful insights into the biology and chemoresistance of TGCT. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023


Several notions on soft topology are studied and their basic properties are investigated by using the concept of soft open sets and soft closure operators which are derived from the basics of soft set theory established by Molodtsov [7]. In this paper we introduce some soft separation axioms called Soft R0 and soft R1 in soft topological spaces which are defined over an initial universe with a fixed set of parameters. Many characterizations and properties of these spaces are found. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a soft topological space to be a soft Ri for i = 0, 1 space are also presented. Furthermore, the concept of functions with soft closed graph and soft cluster sets are defined. Many results on theses two concepts are proved also it is proved that a function has a soft closed graph if and only if its soft cluster set is degenerate.


The Bologna process is reaching its final stages and is causing controversy among students. The adaptation of European universities to the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) entails not only the modification of curricular programmes and the nomenclature and duration of degrees, but also the incorporation of new teaching strategies aimed at ensuring that students acquire transversal skills and aptitudes and at increasing student participation in the teaching-learning process. A number of surveys have been carried out during the last few courses among students doing degrees in engineering (Industrial Engineering, Agronomy Engineering and Forestry Engineering). These surveys include questions on their knowledge of Bologna process, its advantages and drawbacks, their opinion about optional masters or doctorate degrees, what perspectives their degrees have on the labour market and suggestions for improvement. Although the different degrees showed notable differences, the content of EHEA is well-known by less than 30% of students, while 40% of them state they know about their perspectives on the labour market. The main advantages of EHEA were related to the improvement of practical knowledge in the subjects, the recognition of degrees in Europe and wider working opportunities. The main drawbacks pointed out were worse and shorter training periods, higher costs and fiercer competition between different degrees. In addition, they suggested that the new degrees are better adjusted to the demands of the labour market. 60% and 40% of them, respectively, approved of Masters degrees and PhDs. These features should be taken into account to organize and improve the contents of the degrees as well as to involve the students in the future of University education.


Lack of a sensitive method for in situ study of the nutrition quantitative characteristics (and food balance in particular) for zooplankton populations in low-productivity regions was the reason for developing one. For the basis of such a method the authors selected the property of radioactive phosphorus isotopes of fast and effective embedding into all plankton components. The method described above allowed not only to quantitatively determine the consumption and transportation of a substance by individual species and populations of zooplankton; it opens new horizons for investigation of the zooplanktonic association role in regeneration of mineral phosphorus.


ABSTRACT Using composition designing, Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) ceramics with compositions around the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) were prepared by the solid-state reaction method via the columbite and wolframite precursor techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement and XRD peaks fitting combined with electrical performance characterization confirm the occurrence of composition-induced ferroelectric phase change, and the sintered PIN-PMN-PT ceramics present the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal ferroelectric phases. Composition exerts great influence on the relative density of the sintered ceramics, and the 0.28Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.40Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.32PbTiO3 (0.28PIN-0.40PMN-0.32PT) ceramics exhibit rather uniform microstructural morphology with high relative density of 94.4%. Dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric performance characterization also confirm the existence of the MPB effects, where the composition having performance maximum presents slight difference, proving that MPB has the composition region. Dielectric response behavior fitting and Raman spectroscopy measurement confirm the PIN-PMN-PT ceramics approach normal ferroelectrics with apparent diffusive transition characteristic and the occurrence of composition-induced ferroelectric phase change.


Computer simulations based on the particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision method are performed to study the plasma characteristics and especially the transition in electron heating mechanisms in a hybrid direct current (dc)/dual-frequency (DF) capacitively coupled CF4 discharge. When applying a superposed dc voltage, the plasma density first increases, then decreases, and finally increases again, which is in good agreement with experiments. This trend can be explained by the transition between the four main heating modes, i.e., DF coupling, dc and DF coupling, dc source dominant heating, and secondary electron dominant heating.


The paper deals with modernization of the content of education by introducing the idea of cosmic role of mankind and existentialism in their inner bond, which corresponds to the new humanity-oriented paradigm.


We address the problems of multiple criteria decision-making and multiobjective optimization in which the criteria are mutually dependent. A practical application of land combat vehicle selection and its potential extension to force design for Australian Defence is considered. The criteria dependencies are modeled and formalised using the theory of fuzzy measures. The main challenge is an exponentially large set of parameters that quantify all criteria interactions. We develop a number of strategies to 1) simplify the model construction and reduce the number of parameters; 2) elicit preferences from numerical simulations and from decision makers; and 3) translate these preferences into a fuzzy measure learning problem from unlabeled data. We formulate and test a mathematical programming problem to determine fuzzy measure parameters for a relatively large number of decision criteria.


Liquid crystalline solutions of cellulose were prepared in a kneader by mixing cellulose and phosphoric acid/poly-phosphoric acid solution. The influence of cellulose concentration,temperature and P2O5 concentration in compound solvent on the solubility and dissolution behavior of cellulose was evaluated. The results indicated that the clearing temperature of the liquid crystalline solutions increased with increasing P2O5 concentration and cellulose concentration. Moreover,dissolution time increased with increasing P2O5 concentration or decreasing temperature. Based on these experimental data,the interaction between solvent and cellulose was analyzed and the dissolving process and mechanism of cellulose in the compound solvent was proposed.


The article is devoted to the study of organizational and economic mechanisms of regulation of employment in Ukraine. It is emphasized that, in modern conditions of economic development, the problems of effective employment of the population of Ukraine, labor market reform and prevention of mass unemployment become especially important. The labor market is central among other markets. At the same time, the imperfection and existence of conflicts in labor and civil legislation, as well as the inability of law enforcement agencies to resist all new manifestations of fraud, have led to the spread of fraudulent activities in the labor market. A person who has lost faith in finding a decent job, suddenly receiving such an offer, loses vigilance and can accept questionable conditions, as a result of which he becomes a victim. It is emphasized that it is impossible to understand the problem of fraud without studying the pe-culiarities of the labor market and identifying the factors that affect the level of fraud in this area. The activity of persons acting as employers, as well as providing employment mediation services is analyzed, the nature of social and labor relations with employees is described, a number of normative legal acts regulating the sphere of employment are analyzed. There are shortcomings in the legislation governing labor relations. Some factors and circumstances influencing the occurrence of fraudulent manifestations in the field of employment services are considered. It is emphasized that the specifics of criminal activity in the labor market significantly depends on the socio-economic situation and the legal regulation of relevant procedures, legal conflicts and differences in legislation, to which fraudsters react quickly to commit a criminal plan. In this case, fraudsters adapt to the specific situation, based on the dynamics of favorable and unfavorable factors, adapting to new conditions.


By combining the ATIS with the TMIS of Baoshen Railway,the paper introduces the application of ATIS on the train management of Local Railway and indicates the work model among the systems.


Summary Conditions for the existence of similar solutions are known for (a) two-dimensional, incompressible, steady and nonsteady laminar boundary layers and (b) three-dimensional, incom pressible, steady, laminar boundary layers for a body of revolu tion rotating in a fluid at rest or a body of revolution in a rotating fluid flow. Corresponding conditions for the existence of similar temperature boundary layers in both cases are given for constant and variable wall temperatures. The general conclusion is that, in all these cases, with or without viscous heating, and with con stant wall temperature, conditions for the existence of similar velocity boundary layers are at the same time the conditions for the existence of similar temperature boundary layers. If the wall temperature is variable, the conditions for the existence of similar velocity boundary layers are at the same time the condi tions for the existence of similar temperature boundary layers if the wall temperature varies as a power of the local free-stream velocity or surface velocity. Numerical solutions are given for the nondimensional temperature distributions function and the nondimensional temperature gradient at the wall for several Prandtl Numbers in the case of a rotating flow over an infinite plate at rest.


Abstract : History is replete with vivid examples of military failure that can be attributed to an inability to grasp fundamental changes that affect the nature of the next battlefield. This myopia is largely born of perceived success, is constrained by the power of preconceived notions, and is characterized by a heavy reliance on the "lessons" and circumstances which brought success in the last conflict. As the Cold War competition between two superpowers fades into history, America and the world deserve to savor their success at having walked through the gauntlet of nuclear Armageddon. The demise of the Soviet Union does not mean the end of the threat of armed confrontation, however. Indeed, in many ways the relaxation of Cold War pressures could herald the advent of previously constrained regional disputes quickly reaching the combustion point. In any event, one thing appears obvious: the world now stands at the threshold of a new era of violent engagement. America's efforts to shape an effective military capability for this aspect of the new world order will largely determine the nature of our political and economic role in the post-Cold War world. It is therefore imperative that we understand the defining characteristics of tomorrow's battlefield and fashion our military forces accordingly. The purpose of the present study will be to sketch the salient factors affecting the nature of warfare in the wake of the Cold War and to address how the Marine Corps should respond to the challenges and opportunities presented by this new military environment. This response will address the broad philosophical issues that should guide the development of a Marine Corps-specific role in likely military scenarios and will focus on weapons and equipment development as well as new directions for leadership selection and training.


The Ground-Based Monitoring R and E Component Evaluation project performs testing on the hardware components that make up Seismic and Infrasound monitoring systems. The majority of the testing is focused on the Digital Waveform Recorder (DWR), Seismic Sensor, and Infrasound Sensor. The software tool used to capture and analyze the data collected from testing is called TALENT: Test and Analysis Evaluation Tool. This document is the manual for using TALENT. Other reports document the testing procedures that are in place (Kromer, 2007) and the algorithms employed in the test analysis (Merchant, 2011).


Dietary energy restriction (DER) is a potent inhibitor of mammary carcinogenesis, but the responsible mechanisms are not fully understood. In a number of model systems, DER is associated with a decrease in circulating levels of IGF‐1. Moreover, we have recently reported that protection against cancer is lost, and plasma IGF‐1 levels are restored to control values when animals are re‐fed, i.e., energy repleted (DER‐REP). Accordingly, an experiment was designed to determine if infusion of IGF‐1 could mimic the effect of DER‐REP on the carcinogenic response in animals that were DER. Following 1‐methyl‐1‐nitrosourea injection (50 mg/kg), rats were fed either ad libitum (AL) or 40% DER. After 6 wk, the DER group was divided into three groups: (1) continued DER, (2) DER‐REP, or (3) continued DER and infused with 120 μg rh‐IGF‐1/d (INF) for a duration of 8 d. DER reduced mammary cancer incidence and multiplicity (P < 0.01) versus AL rats. In rats that were DER‐REP, cancer incidence increased 1.4‐fold and multiplicity increased by 3.6‐fold versus DER rats. Plasma IGF‐1 were reduced by DER (P < 0.01), an effect that was reversed by DER‐REP (P < 0.05). INF increased plasma IGF‐1 versus DER rats (P < 0.01) but did not reverse the carcinogenic response. Plasma IGFBP‐3 levels were reduced by DER (P < 0.01), but elevated by either REP or INF. Thus, an 8‐d period of refeeding following chronic DER (DER‐REP) reversed the anticancer effects of DER, and 8 d of IGF‐1 infusion without refeeding (INF) did not mimic the effects of the DER‐REP on the carcinogenic response. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The developing region of high-speed jets is studied using particle image velocimetry methods. Ensemble-averaged and fluctuating velocity profiles were measured at a range of exit pressures, from a subsonic pressure-balanced case to an overpressured condition 3.2 times atmospheric. When pressure-balanced, the mean flow structure showed gradual development to a bell-shaped profile at approximately 8 diameters downstream, but the turbulent Reynolds stresses were far below self-similar levels. When overpressured, the mean structure displayed a series of compressions and expansions, including a normal shock, and the flow was far from Gaussian after 8 downstream diameters. The turbulent stresses were more suppressed than in the pressure-balanced jet, with little change exhibited in the jet core except very near the normal shock. Instantaneous vorticity contours also showed that the shear layer was divided into two bands at overpressure. This suggests that the turbulent eddies driving entrainment in the near-exi...


Photoreaction of Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-2-ones having mixed chromophores like 5,6 dibenzoyl moiety and phenyl or isopropenyl like electron withdrawing groups at the bridgehead position have been checked in different solvent and different wavelength. In all cases regioselective 1,5-photophenyl migration leading to vinyl ketenes from more congested site of the molecule to the less one have been observed. The ketenes were exceptionally stable both in air and in solution. Its stability studies in acetonitrile through time dependent UV absorbance spectra revealed that it remained almost unchanged at least for couple of weeks.


Disposable syringes have found wide application in clinical and laboratory medicine. They are used for many purposes in addition to injection of drugs, such as the transfer of radioactive solutions, sterilization of solutions (when used in conjunction with an ultrafiltering device), withdrawal of blood, etc. It is generally assumed that they are made of materials that are essentially chemically inert. However, two brands of disposable syringes, selected at random, were examined and found to yield water-soluble extractives. The extractives from the two brands were different materials. One extractive has been identified as 2-(methylthio)benzothiazole. Biological activity (fungistatic and insecticidal) has been ascribed to this substance. The second extractive has not been identified but was found to inhibit the in vitro hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by cardiac actomyosin. These findings indicate that at least some types of disposable syringes may not be considered as interchangeable with glass syringes.


Electrospinning has become a widely implemented technique for the generation of nonwoven mats that are useful in tissue engineering and filter applications. The overriding factor that has contributed to the popularity of this method is the ease with which fibers with submicron diameters can be produced. Fibers on that size scale are comparable to protein filaments that are observed in the extracellular matrix. The apparatus and procedures for conducting electrospinning experiments are ostensibly simple. While it is rarely reported in the literature on this topic, any experience with this method of fiber spinning reveals substantial ambiguities in how the process can be controlled to generate reproducible results. The simplicity of the procedure belies the complexity of the physical processes that determine the electrospinning process dynamics. In this article, three process domains and the physical domain of charge interaction are identified as important in electrospinning: (a) creation of charge carriers...


Amino acid esters were transformed in 59–97% yields into N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-oxo-1-phenyl-2,5-cyclohexadienyl)amino acid esters (N-PChd amino acid esters) 8via anodic oxidation in the presence of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-phenylphenol (1a). Hydrolysis of 8 lead to the corresponding N-PChd amino acids 9. The novel PChd protective group is stable towards basic reagents, it can be removed by hydrogenation or acidolysis, and it exhibits good solubilizing properties for oligopeptides in organic solvents. N-PChd amino acids couple without racemization, they are easily prepared and storable, and crystallize readily. — Using conventional methods of peptide synthesis and PChd deprotection with 10–50% trifluoroacctic acid in dichloromethane or catalytic hydrogenation, the heptapeptide HuIFN-α(Ly)14–20 L-Ala-Leu-Ile-Leu-Leu-Ala-Gln was synthesized in good yield and purity as shown by column and thin layer chromatography, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, chiral phase gas chromatography, and common analytical methods.


The results of many years of research on the effect of polymer hydrogels for agriculture on soil structure were presented. By sampling soils at various depths, the biological changes of microorganisms that occur under the influence of hydrogels were studied. It was shown that the use of hydrogels leads to an improvement in the basic physicochemical properties of non-irrigated agricultural lands and an increase in soil fertility. The use of hydrogel absorbent on typical non-irrigated lands allowed increasing soil moisture and improving its properties.


An economic evaluation is essential before any energy project. It can be used to decide on energy purchases, to select on the competing technologies, to finance an energy project, to control costs, to analyze benefits or to make a decision. This work summarizes the needed theory to support decision makers in evaluating the economic profitability of a wind energy project and making decision on investing in it. Moreover, those practical economics analysis can be applied for judging other renewable energies projects. It can be also used to compare different technologies, to compare alternative renewable energies or compare it with conventional energies. Moreover, the results of two applications of this methodology are presented (Estimation of the cost per kWh of wind produced energy at nine wind farms in Morocco and comparison of six turbine models to be installed at Dakhla city in Morocco basing on the cost per kWh of wind generated energy, the payback period and the net present values).


In decentralized Cognitive Radio (CR) networks timing errors between secondary users cause increased interference during sensing periods. This kind of intra-network inteference inflicts significant performance degradation due to the growth of false alarm probabilities if energy-based incumbent detection is used, as shown in our previous study. Therefore, in this paper we propose a novel interference suppression algorithm, called Interference Suppression for Cognitive Radios (ISCR), to mitigate the impact of other CR users' transmissions on sensing. We show that by using ISCR the throughput of distributed CR networks under timing errors can be improved by minimizing the probability of false alarm while preserving sufficient protection for primary users. In addition to providing as much as 20 % throughput gain, ISCR is easy to implement and can be executed in real time.