Lymphoproliferative disorders are a veryheterogeneous group of neoplastic diseases,which originate from malignant transforma-tion of cells of the lymphoid system. Withinbroad limits, they include at least four maintypes of diseases: Hodgkin's disease, the so-called non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, the chron-ic lymphoid leukemias and the neoplasms ofmature B antibody-producing cells, such asWaldenstrom macroglobulinemia and multi-ple myeloma. Although many exceptions arerecognized, the great variability of biologicalcharacteristics and clinical expression of lym-phoproliferative disorders can be related tomaturation arrests at different specific pointsin the normal ontogenic process of immuno-competent cells. Correlation of markers char-acteristics of malignant lymphocytes withthose of normal cells is thus important forpurposes of classification and can aid in diag-nosis and prognosis. The complex nosologyof lymphoproliferative disorders, moreover,does in fact tend to group diseases of similarclinical behavior, proliferative potential, pref-erential sites of involvement, natural historyand response to therapy. The great majority of lymphoproliferativedisorders encountered in the clinical practiceare derived from B or T cells, most frequentlyat mature stages of their differentiation. Theclinical characteristics of all these lymphomasdemonstrate a wide range. Lymphomas with afollicular (or nodular) histological pattern ofgrowth have a "low-grade" clinical behavior,European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences


Objective:To introduce the X-ray appearances and to improve recognition of the tractive sign.Methods:52 patients with tractive sign proved by operation and pathology were analysed retrospectively.Results:The patients′s age was ranged from 10 to 77 years old.All of patients were appeared by X-ray film because of injury.There were 41 males,11 females."Tractive sign"had typical X-ray appearances.It was bony convex and seems as bird′s mouth,hill lock,blunt thorn.Its pathological diagnosis was normal bone organism.Conclusion:"tractive sign"is a normal variation.Because it is similar to those of osseous chondroma in site,shape and appearance on X-ray film.It was often diagnosed as osseous chondroma in the chinic and operated by surgery.So it is signification to reconized this varation and differentiated "tractive sign"from osseous chondroma. [


Objective To investigate methods of treating anterior maxillary teeth protrusion by tooth extraction,and changes of the occluding relation and lateral appearances before and after the treatment.Methods The characteristics of soft and hard tissues of 15 patients were analyzed by studying lateral cephalometric radiographs and plaster model,then the mechanism of malocclusion was probed and the scheme of treatment was formulated,the malocclusion was treated by edgewise appliance after extracting bilateral maxillary first bicuspids.Results Tooth protrusion and facial profile changed in all patients.Maxillary teeth were retracted,and the overjet and overbite were adjusted to right relations,and soft convex tissues face type was improved.Conclusion The method of treating anterior maxillary teeth protrusion by tooth extraction could decrease maxillary dental arch,help conform the form of soft tissues and hard tissues.


Through analysing the current situation of the construction of teaching staff in higher vocational schools,the article puts forward the measures to construct the teaching staff,that is,we should adjust teachers,structure of educational background,knowledge and ability scientifically and construct the guar-antee system of higher vocational school teachers sustainable development.


The composition and principle of the electro-hydraulic position servo control system were introduced,and system model identification and verification of electro-hydraulic position servo system were carried out based on semi-physical simulation environment of real-time workshop (RTW) and system identification toolbox in MATLAB. A rule self-tuning fuzzy-PID controller was presented to control the identified model and a new fuzzy inference algorithm was designed to adjust the rules of fuzzy controller on line. The results of simulation show that the performance of the electro-hydraulic position servo system based on rule self-tuning fuzzy-PID controller is improved significantly,which not only holds the precise character of PID controller but also possesses the flexible advantage of fuzzy controller,and it can guarante that the system has good dynamic and static quality.


A process for the purification of exhaust gases, in particular for purifying exhaust air from printing plants, which is withdrawn from a loaded with the exhaust gases area and for the separation of impurities from the gas at least two adsorbers (5a, 5b, 5c) are fed to the thus cyclically alternate regeneration operation are subjected to at least one of the adsorbers (5a) is in an adsorption mode, when at least one other adsorber (5b, 5c) is in a regeneration mode, wherein the adsorber (5a) are acted upon in adsorption with exhaust gas is discharged after cleaning in the adsorbers (5a) in the environment and / or recycled to the contaminated with exhaust area, and the adsorber (5b, 5c) are subjected to a stripping agent, which is discharged downstream cooling stage via an adsorber (5b) is first separated in the regeneration operation in a desorption step, in which the at least one adsorber (5b) of the exhaust gas stream, and wherein the adsorber (5b, 5c) in the regeneration operation in a ...


An examination of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius of the PET/Wn!.r mouse was made with an electron microscope. Cells of the perimysium and endomysium were described and the relationship of these cells to muscle cells was characterized. The relationship between melanocytes and muscle cells found in this strain was the major focus. Melanocytes were seen to be present in the perimysium and endomysium with the greatest concentration in the endomysium. Melanocytes of the perimysium appeared segregated from the adjacent tissue by fibroblasts, which surrounded the melanocytes with their cytoplasmic processes, a~ well as by collagen fibers. Melanocytes of the endomysium were seen to have no direct communication with the muscle cells though there were conical protrusions of the sarcolemma at areas of juxtaposition between the perikaryon of the melanocytes and the muscle


To compared and analysed the acidity,lactic acid,protein,amino acid and Vitamin C of glossy mushroom yoghurt.Experimental result showed that milk powder yoghurt was higher than milk yoghurt about amino acid content.Amino acid content of the two kinds glossy mushroom increased alongside ferment time adding.Milk powder yoghurt was lower than milk yoghurt about protein content.The protein content of two kinds yoghurt went down alongside ferment going on.Milk powder yoghurt was higher than milk yoghurt about vitamin C content.The vitamin C content of the two kinds yoghurt went down all alongside ferment going on.Acidity of two kinds yoghurt going up alongside ferment.Milk powder yoghurt was higher than milk yoghurt about acidity.Difference of the two yoghurt was not clear about lactic acid content.The lactic acid went up alongside ferment.Glossy mushroom ferment quickly.Change tendency was big of each tested target.Nutrition value of milk powder yoghurt was higher.


This paper deals with the effect of the diversity static electric field upon the elimination of fatigue by researching and analysing the determined results of 12 hour and 24 hour myocardium glycogen and the serum BUN respectively as soon as the training typed rat that exposed to static electricity for a long period has completed speed exhausting physical exercise.


This note deals with the common "experimental" situation in which an investigator wants to compare an incidence ratio between two population subgroups. The population subgroups differ according to some classification or "treatment" variable, and the incidence is the number of occurrences related to a suitable measure of exposure in the appropriate subgroup. However, rather than having random samples of the population subgroups, we have a population measure or count of the incidence of a phenomenon in both subgroups, but must sample each subgroup to determine exposure to the phenomenon. The situation is indicated schematically in Figure 1. We might be concerned, for example, with a case rate for a specified disease among infants under one year of age in an area during a particular interval of time. The "treatment" groups represent a classification variable not available from census data, such as observance or nonobservance of some preventive measure. All occurrences


Abstract Formal Description Techniques (FDTs) provide formal support for each phase of protocol development. Estelle is one of the FDTs proposed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to formally specify distributed systems, especially for communication protocols. In this paper, we present the development of an Estelle translator which allows protocol designers to interactively add/delete transitions at the run time of protocol verification. The Estelle translator can translate Estelle‐specified protocols into the internal extended finite state machine tables, which have corresponding information of each protocol entity. The main feature of the Estelle translator is its capacity to support incremental protocol verification. The incremental translating components in our Estelle translator allow protocol designers to modify protocols at the run time and continue the verification at the modification point incrementally. That is, our Estelle translator allows protocol designers interactiv...


In the paper,firstly,the characteristics of specialty foundation curriculum and the present situation of curriculum reform are analyzed taking the course Automobile Mechanism Fundamentals as an example.Then the curriculum development model is established by action-oriented three-level ability progressive training which is based on the occupational training objectives.After reconstructed,the course is divided into six basic modules and a comprehensive practical module is established.Finally,the corresponding three-level progressive teaching approach is designed,which focuses on ecological construction of knowledge and competence.


The syntactic means of love theme representation such as syntactic parallelism, rhetorical question, homogeneous parts of the sentence, address nouns, punctuation marks system and others are considered in the article.


In order to study the combination effect of the variable-time magnetic field and the conductor motion on the dynamic behavior of a non-rotational radial eddy current damper, the rotor motion orbits at steady state rotational speeds and the rotor unbalance responses in the slowly accelerating operation at different sinusoidal magnetic flux densities and the magnetic field frequencies are experimentally studied on the flexible rotor system of a radial eddy current damper.It is shown that the frequency of sinusoidal magnetic field has a significant effect on the dynamic behavior of the radial eddy current damper.With the increase of frequency of sinusoidal magnetic field, the damping capability of radial eddy current damper decreases rapidly.There is a maximum frequency of sinusoidal magnetic field for a given magnetic field strength or a minimum strength of sinusoidal magnetic field for a given frequency of sinusoidal magnetic field to affect the dynamic behavior of the eddy current damper.If the frequency of sinusoidal magnetic field is less than the maximum frequency or the strength of sinusoidal magnetic field is over the minimum magnetic field strength, the dynamic behavior of the radial eddy current damper can also be controlled by application of an external sinusoidal magnetic field, otherwise the dynamic behavior of the radial eddy current damper is the same as that without exciting magnetic field.In the view of rotor dynamics, it is better to use invariable-time magnetic field instead of variable-time magnetic field to change the dynamic behavior of radial eddy current damper.


[PROBLEMS] To wrap a wire-like hard material around a core material as a center, and then cut and attach it to the tip of a blade to make a blade having a blade with a fine unevenness. SOLUTION: The core material is rotated, the winding material is wound, or the winding material is rotated around the core material so that the winding material is wound around the core material, and a laser or a diamond cutter is used. By cutting the wound material, a blade unit that forms the end of the wound material is made. When both the core and the winding material are metal, the blade unit is embedded in the tip of the blade by forging to form a knife, saw, file, etc. If the core and the wrapping material are both synthetic resin, a brush or the like can be made. They can also be motorized. [Selection] Figure 7


The present invention is uniform and precisely relates to a developing apparatus for developing the photoresist, are provided feed in which the substrate the exposed photoresist is formed of the feed rolls and on the transfer roll was added dropwise to the developing solution to the substrate, at least one of moving up and down the developer is configured to enemy. Further, to the developer ever it is the outer case and the control unit of and the knob is inserted into the outer case, up and down movement of the opening and screwed into the knob of the outer case, and added dropwise to the developing solution on the substrate, coupled to the knob the knob on the control unit comprises a nozzle that moves up and down as it moves up and down.


In the conclusion of The Feminine Character, Klein takes a closer look at those characteristics which the authors she has studied have identified as denoting femininity. She contends that it is not possible to draw conclusions concerning what constitutes femininity from such an analysis; that femininity is a concept which depends on individual bias, and the values and socio-historical perspective of the observer. She sets out ways in which we may further assess the effects of social conditioning, such as comparing women with other discriminated-against groups, or tracing how the notion of the feminine character has developed as a result of social changes. Drawing on historical examples, she also proposes that we measure the effects of discouragement on female creativity.


A treated surface technique to measure the response of the sheep body louse, Damalinia ovis to contact insecticides is described. The responses of 30 populations of D. ovis to the synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin showed wide variation at LC95 and LC95. Half the populations sampled were considered as pyrethroid susceptible, based on 100% mortality at 5 ppm (or less) to cypermethrin. This suggests that factors other than pyrethroid resistance were responsible for inefficient lice control on the properties from which these populations were obtained. Lice surviving 5 ppm or greater were considered provisionally as resistant. When these individuals predominate, the proportion of the lice population killed by pour‐on treatments is insufficient to prevent detectable infestations being present soon after treatment.


PurposeThe authors' goal is to provide an overview and historical context for the various alternatives to the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) that have emerged over time. The authors found eight current alternatives that have emerged to address the EMH's flaws. Each of the proposed alternatives improves some of the assumptions made by the EMH, such as investor homogeneity, the immediate incorporation of information into asset values and the inadequacy of rationality to explain asset prices.Design/methodology/approachTo come up with the list of studies relevant to this review article, the authors used three databases, namely Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The first two were mostly used to get peer-reviewed articles while Google Scholar was used to extract articles that are still work in progress. The following words were used as the search queries; "efficient market hypothesis" and "alternatives to the efficient market hypothesis".FindingsThe alternatives to the EMH presented in this article demonstrate that market efficiency is a dynamic concept that can be best understood with a multidisciplinary approach. To better comprehend how financial markets work, it is crucial to draw on concepts, theories and ideas from a variety of disciplines, including physics, economics, anthropology, sociology and others.Originality/valueThe authors comprehensively summarise the current state of the behavioural finance literature on alternatives to the EMH.


Electrocardiography (ECG) measured using wearable wireless sensors is already commonly used for several years, as one of the products of the emerging Telemedicine field, which is one the main branches in eHealth applications. In this work we address the problem of missing samples recovery of such ECG (digital) signals, resulting from temporally-local communication dropouts. We propose a new model for the ECG signal based on its conspicuous quasi-periodical characteristics in short time intervals, along with a compatible estimation procedure tailored to the proposed model. We extend the autoregressive (AR) model, previously proposed by Prieto-Guerrero et al., to a cyclostationary AR model, and our proposed estimation scheme incorporates a first phase of model parameters estimation, followed by a Linear Minimum Mean Squared Error (LMMSE) estimation phase of the missing samples. We demonstrate significant improvement compared to the AR method in simulation experiments using real ECG data.


nfortunately, this presentation will cover more U bad news than good news. The American Cancer Society has estimated that more than one million new cancers (excluding skin) will be diagnosed each year (1). Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of deaths among American Women (2, 3). The incidence of breast cancer in the United States in 1994 was estimated to be 182,000 (4). The Physician Insurers Association of America (PIAA) ( 5 ) , in a June 1, 1995 report of its Data Sharing Project, released results of a study that tracked almost 125,000 malpractice claims and suits filed since 1985. That study showed that claims involving cancer of the breast (and especially a delay in its diagnosis) accounted for more medical malpractice claims than any other single condition. Breast cancer claims accounted for 2,448 of the total claims in the study. Reportedly, 487 of the claims in which a delayed diagnosis was proved, found an average delay of 14 months. The most common reason, in approximately one third of the cases, for the delay in diagnosis was that the "physical findings failed to impress the physicians." Radiologists (24%) and obstetricians (23%) were the most frequently named defendants, followed by family practitioners (17%), surgeons (14%), internists (9%), other specialists (5%), and pathologists (2%). Hospitals (2%) and corporations ( 5 % ) were also named defendants. Sixty percent of the claimants (patients) in the PIAA study were under age 50 and 31% were under age 40.


It is necessary for patients with implanted medical devices to have surgery in order to change devices whose battery cells have run out. We have suggested changing the battery into a secondary rechargeable one with contactless energy transmission, but it has been difficult to transmit electrical energy without increasing the eddy loss caused by the metal case of the device. We designed a rechargeable cardiac pacemaker with contactless electrical energy transmission and confirmed that it has a secondary power transmission efficiency of 26-40% at 0.4 W. However, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) needs a larger volumetric battery than a cardiac pacemaker. It is necessary to transmit a large amount of power without increasing the eddy current loss, and it is important to estimate the eddy loss caused by the metal case.


The authors deal with the analysis of the inter-area mode phenomenon in stressed power systems following large disturbances. The dynamic phenomenon of interest is dominated by the inertial effects and usually referred to as the inertial transient. In this phenomenon, following a large disturbance, a small group of generators close to the fault location are severely disturbed initially. As the transient progresses, the weak synchronizing forces in the system dominate. When instability occurs, it takes place as a separation of a large group of generators (including the small group severely disturbed by the fault initially) from the rest of the system. The analysis reported attempts to develop a better understanding of the problem. It is shown that the inter-area mode phenomenon could occur as a result of a nonlinear interaction of the natural modes of oscillation in the system. A procedure to predict the onset of the inter-area mode is presented.<<ETX>>


In this paper the author offers a new explanation of the treatments of the consonantal clusters -ns- (with secondary s ) and -ns (with primary s ) in ancient Greek dialects. According to him, the result of the treatment ns in cluster ans was, through nasalization of the vowel, aəs . The different solutions in the dialects are due to vocalization of nasal ə (Lesbian: -ais-, -ais ; Cyrenaean -ais- ; Elean -ais ) or contraction aə > ā (other dialects as, for instance, Attic-Ionic, Laconian, etc.). So, a few dialects maintain ns in cluster ans without nasalization (archaism); some of the dialects have the ending -as originated from the simplification -ans > -as explainable by syntactical phonetics (election). The rest of the dialects have undergone the nasalization of a in cluster ans > aəs (innovation) and then the denasalization of the results -ais or ās .


In recent times, the most developed countries have been responsible for the production of a surplus increasingly untenable, with serious consequences for the natural resources and for the environment. In the case of housing, this problem is aggravated, such is the dimension of its impact. In a near future, the new paradigm centred in the intervention on the existing buildings, will impose, necessarily, a change in the design process. In this context, the research in Construction History reveals itself of the most importance, given its contribution for the knowledge of the techniques and the constructive systems of the past. This fact, actually, it is so much more relevant the greater is the patrimonial value of the object of study. It is proposed to present the methodology that has guided the characterization and typification of the constructive system of the bourgeois houses of Porto, work that, initially, has aimed to give a contribution to the Construction History in Portugal, and that, subsequently, has served for the conception of a methodology of intervention in this important example of architectural heritage. Starting from the surveys accomplished in the scope of academic works, the research on the constructive system of these buildings has been complemented and validated with the dispersed information taken from available old manuals and from scientific studies conducted on the subject, assuming, in this study, drawing as the main tool of interpretation and systematization of the accomplished work. Rui Fernandes Póvoas and Joaquim Lopes Teixeira 2


Among the current reinforcement learning algorithms, the Policy Gradient algorithm (PG)[7] is one of the traditional and most widely used algorithms, but it has the disadvantage of unstable gradient estimation, and the newly Proximal Policy Optimization algorithm (PPO) [8]solves the problem. It solves the stability problem, but the update policy is slow, and it is easy to produce over-fitting when the training times are too many. In this article, a new method is proposed, referring to Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (A3C)[9], the basic PPO algorithm is trained in parallel, and a method that considers future rewards is introduced, and the future rewards are also calculated to the current. In the reward, through the OPEN GYM platform and the experimental results of capturing at any position of the robotic arm, our actions can ensure a faster training speed, while also avoiding overfitting during long-term training.


Due to our limited understanding of human pathophysiology, many drugs never become medicines. The use of quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) has seen many advances with the goal of improving the probability of technical success. Many R&D organizations have invested in QSP models, however, areas that require continuous efforts are best practices, training, education and clear understanding of regulatory expectations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Underwater acoustic propagation over the continental shelf and slope is complicated and is also an important issue. Motivated by a phenomenon in an experiment conducted in the South China Sea indicating that the energy of the received signal around the sound channel axis is significantly stronger than that at shallower depths, we study sound propagation from the transitional area to deep water. Numerical simulations with different source depths are first performed, from which we reach the following conclusions. When the source is placed near the sea surface, acoustic wave will be strongly attenuated by bottom losses in a range-independent deep-water environment, whereas it can propagate to a very long distance because of the continental slope. When the source is mounted on the slope bottom in shallow-water area, acoustic energy will be trapped near the sound channel axis, and it converges more evidently than the case where the source is located near the surface. Then, simulations with different source ran...


In a randomized, double-blind trial, gamma radiation-sterilized, chlorhexidine-coated triple-lumen catheters were compared with uncoated control catheters for their ability to prevent catheter infection in 254 intensive care unit patients. The chlorhexidine coating was not efficacious, and a rabbit model demonstrated that reduction of chlorhexidine activity by gamma radiation sterilization was the likely explanation for the failure.


(57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: Paul J. Farrell This invention relates to a method for fast Searching and Dilworth & Barrese analyzing inter-relations between patents associated with a 333 Earle Ovington Blvd target patent from a patent database having information on Uniondale, NY 11553 (US) issued patents of United States and published European patents and creating a citation relation diagram. Especially, this invention is characterized by a method of creating a (21) Appl. No.: 10/398,050 patent relation table through inter-relation between patents, classifying the data Stored in the table into many indepen (22) PCT Filed: Mar. 11, 2002 dent folders by using a Specific Hashing function and Storing the classified data into the independent folders in the form of (86) PCT No.: PCT/KRO2/00414 computer files.


A numerical method is proposed for computing an ionized high-speed flow in the conditions of thermal and chemical nonequilibrium, taking into account the interaction of a moving electrically conductive continuous medium with an electromagnetic field. These flows are described by a fully coupled system of equations, which includes the equations of continuity, momentum, total energy, rotational energy, vibrational energy, electron energy, and mass conservation of chemical components. Electrical conductivity is determined using the kinetic theory. A special explicit-implicit scheme with alternation in half steps in time was proposed for numerical solution of rigid equations of chemical components and energy modes. That made it possible to solve a completely coupled system of equations with a large number of components and modes quickly and effectively. The developed method was used for numerical simulation of the physic process of interaction of a magnetic field with an ionized flow. The results of computations preformed by the proposed method are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data and computation results of other authors.


The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of extraction temperature and solvent type on the biochemical compounds and antioxidant capacity of Artemisia absinthium. Alternations on biochemical composition and antioxidant potential of extracts were studied due to various extraction conditions, i.e, temperatures (30–60 °C), solvent types (methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile), and solvent concentration (25–100%). Total phenolic content (659–1033 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g dry weight (DW)) and total flavonoid content (259–392 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/100 g DW) were examined in all samples. Radical scavenging capacities were determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (51–79%), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (151–287 µ M Trolox equivalents (TE)/100 g DW), and 2,2′-azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonate] (ABTS) (17–33.7 mM TE/g FM) methods in triplicate. Plant extracts obtained by 75% methanol at 45°C showed the highest antioxidant capacity, whereas extracts obtained using 75% methanol at 60°C had the highest levels of total phenolics. RP-HPLC (detection at 205 and 258 nm) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of analyses did not detect artemisinin in extracts of leaves. On the other hand, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results showed that extraction solvents had significant effects on anabsinthin amount. This was supported by the result that showed highest anabsinthin extraction was obtained by 75% methanol (16.58 µg/g DW), but lowest by 25% methanol (9.45 µg/g DW).


The present invention relates to an open type plant tissue seedling cultivation method pertaining to the agroforestry field of plant tissue seedling cultivation technology. The method can be performed in a nonsterile natural environmental condition in a room temperature and the method comprises steps of adding plant extracts bacteriostatic agent in a culture medium, in each 1L culture medium, adding bacteriostatic agent of 4-15g, manufacturing a bacteriostasis culture medium, and performing an inoculated culture by utilizing the bacteriostasis culture medium. The bacteriostatic agent comprises two kinds one of which comprises garlic extracts, coptis root extracts and honeysuckle leaf extracts with a mass percent of 20-100%:0-40%:0-50%; the other one of which comprises liquorice root extracts, osmanthus extracts and lycoris radiata extracts with a mass percent of 10-100%:0-80%:0-50%. By utilizing the method of the present invention, the plant tissue seedling cultivation process can be divorced from a stringent axenic operation environment and can be performed in an open nonsterile environment, therefore, links in the plant tissue seedling cultivation are simplified radically, the working efficiency is improved and the breeding cost is greatly reduced.


China always pays attention to farmland protection legislation and implements the strictest possible system for protecting farmland. But there are imperfections in this system, for example, appropriate policies and regulations are vacant. This leads to the outcome that it dos not achieve the desired results in the respect of farmland protection. For this reason we should clarify the value of farmland protection legislation, regulate legal position of farmland protection, build full legal system, set up and improve farmland development right system.


Blepharitis, bullous lesions of the eyelids, and corneal erosions occur in patients with some, but not all, forms of epidermolysis bullosa. This preliminary report documents the ophthalmologic lesions observed in a series of 78 patients of varying ages.


Measured changes in shell length and in the oxygen isotopic composition of shell growth bands were used to determine growth rates and season of maximum growth of the bivalve mollusc Nucula annulata from unstressed and nutrient-enriched environments in Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island, USA). Clams from unenriched environments grew between 0.55 and 0.9 mm yr-'. Significant growth was limited to temperatures between 10 and 20°C, in late spring and early fall. Populations in unstressed environments were dominated by high abundances of small clams (<l mm in length). Populations from nutrient-enriched environments consisted of fewer, larger clams. Data from a 2.3 yr nutrient gradient experiment and a 2 mo growth experiment suggest the larger individuals are simply older clams rarely found in unenriched environments. S1'O temperature values from shell growth bands indicated a shlft in the season of maximum growth from spring to summer for clams in eutrophic environments. Peak spawning activity of N. annulata usually coincides with the summer maxima in temperature (22 "C) in Narragansett Bay. The low numbers of juveniles found in enriched environments coupled with warmer shell growth temperatures imply a decline in successful reproduction and/or recruitment in eutrophic areas. Deteriorating environmental conditions associated with nutrient enrichment, i.e. low water column oxygen levels, may also enhance the survivorship of older, larger N. annulata possible through a reduction in predation pressure.


The paradox of the explication of the techniques of management in the penitentiary due to lack of field techniques, exploring the motivational characteristics of individual prisoners. The analysis of the relationship of psychological needs and protection of the various categories of prisoners


In recent years a number of emerging markets experienced rapid expansions in domestic credit. Though …nancial deepening is greatly bene…cial to economic growth, it is feared that credit booms increase the likelihood of banking crises. This paper establishes that credit booms are indeed associated with episodes of banking system distress, and that the e¤ect is highly nonlinear in both credit growth itself and the in the impact of other variables during credit booms. We …nd that larger and more prolonged booms and those coinciding with higher in‡ation and, to a lesser extent, low economic growth are more likely to end in crisis. By contrast, external factors such as real exchange overvaluation or the current account do not seem to consistently a¤ect the crisis probability. Better banking supervision and greater trade openess seem to reduce the crisis probability. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF, its Executive Board, or its management. We thank Abdul Abiad for sharing the data on …nancial sector liberalization. Address for correspondence: Giovanni Dell'Ariccia, IMF, 700 19th Street NW, Washington DC, 20431 USA. firstname.lastname@example.com


The invention applies phrase index technology to Internet search engine, decomposes the sentences in page documents into words and expressions, adds a plurality of other phrases to compose index phrase set in front of and behind key words which are taken as head words and generates index documents of web contents with phrases as unit; extracts the content words in query information submitted by user through word segmentation procedure and performs reasonable and possible combination of the words to gain the phrase set for search; precisely matches the phrases in the phrase set for search with the phrases in the index document in turn to gain search results; the phrase emphasizes single words in the aspect of expressing semantics, which facilitates the search result embody the possible intention of query more precisely.


Preparative amounts of the title compounds can be prepared in high purity by hydrogenation of the corresponding 1,3-diacylimidazolium salts with sodium borohydride. Structures and confirmed by spectroscopic methods and in two cases by X-ray structure determination.


Glasses in the system xNd2O3·(10−x)In2O3·90Na2B4O7 (with x=0, 1, 3, 5 mol%) were fabricated via a melt quenching technique. The amorphous nature of the quenched glasses was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction studies. The infrared spectra of the glasses show no boroxol ring formation in the structure of these glasses. Optical absorption of glasses shows that the transition 4I9/24G5/2+2G7/2 is more intense than the other transitions, which shifts from 580 nm (for the free Nd3+ ion ) to 584 nm. The peak in fluorescence spectra for x=5 mol% Nd3+ in the region 800–900 nm under excitation wavelength 584 nm was attributed to 4F3/24I9/2 transition. Differential thermal analysis for (x=5 mol% Nd3+) shows glass transition (ca. 600°C) and crystallization temperatures (ca. 1155, 975°C). The scanning electron microscopy studies indicate the amorphous state of glass sample.


Jujube pigment is extracted with organic solvent immersion and ultrasonic assistant technology.The extraction rate at different temperatures and times is testified in order to determine optimum extraction condition.By comparing the extraction rate of these two methods,the result shows that ultrasonic assisted extraction can cut down extraction time and reduce extraction temperature.The optimum ultrasonic assited extraction condition is as follows.The extractant: 3%NaOH,the amount of the solvent: 40 ml/1.0g paprika red pigment,extraction temperature: 85℃,extraction time: 60 min,ultrasonic power: 80 W.The study on jujube pigments shows that the pigment is relatively stable in the alkaline condition,light and reductant have little impact on it,but it has poor anti-oxidation capability.


Background: During interscalene block (ISB) placement, ultrasound guidance (USG) enables the practitioner to measure the spread of local anesthetic around the nerve trunks or roots, and to adjust the needle position in order to optimize diffusion. Moreover, USG helps determine the best injection level, i.e. the point from which diffusion gives the most complete brachial plexus block. The aim of this study was to compare C5 and C6 level injections and to determine which level allows the best diffusion.


It is theoretically well known that the measurement of the second-harmonic power generated by a quasi-phasematched (QPM) grating as a function of the frequency detuning parameter yields the Fourier transform (FT) magnitude of the complex nonlinear coefficient profile along the QPM device. This measurement can be achieved by tuning either the wavelength of the fundamental laser beam or the temperature of the QPM grating. However, without the FT phase, the magnitude of the FT cannot be unambiguously inverted to uniquely recover the nonlinear coefficient profile of the QPM grating. In this work, we demonstrate that this ambiguity can be completely lifted by placing a stronger and thinner nonlinear sample against the input (or output) of the QPM device of interest and measuring the detuning curve of this composite assembly. The crux of this method is that by construction, the nonlinear profile of this assembly has a sharp peak due to the thinner sample, followed by the weaker, broader profile of the QPM grating, which essentially constitutes a minimum-phase function. As such, its FT phase can be simply and exactly calculated from its measured FT magnitude, for example by applying to the FT amplitude the logarithmic Hilbert transform or an error-reduction algorithm. The nonlinear coefficient profile of the QPM device can thus be fully recovered by processing the measured tuning curve with a fast and simple iterative error-reduction algorithm. In this paper, we demonstrate with numerical simulations that this powerful new technique can accurately recover the period, envelope, and chirp parameters of any QPM grating.


Purpose:
The perception of time and its measurements depend on subjective constructs that vary according to changes in health. The evidence has shown that cancer diagnosis induces new relationships with time in patients and caregivers. The purpose of this study was to propose a multifaceted view about time perception referred by caregivers of cancer survivors.

Methods:
This study used a qualitative phenomenological methodology including semi-structured interviews with caregivers of cancer survivors. Transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using an approach for intertextual analysis, taking as reference the book "Einstein's dreams".

Results:
The analysis of transcripts shows changes caregivers' time perception. Participants were grouped into three essential moments related to each stage of the disease. The variations found in the perception of time in caregivers can be explained by common physiological and behavioral responses associated with the diagnosis of a chronic disease (i.e. stress, anxiety, fear, unhappiness, and sadness), which can be modified in the course of the disease.

Conclusions:
We propose that a holistic approach to patient and caregiver care should include management of time perception, thus establishing interventions that facilitate a change in the experience of time perception into a more pleasant experience after a cancer diagnosis. The above may result in increased quality of patient care and possibly increased quality of life of caregivers.


We have designed a new family of radioligands, 3-(amino- and hydroxymethyl)-4-(5-iodopyridin-2ylthio)indoles, combining characteristically distinct moieties proven to impart successful binding ability in a variety of structurally diverse selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors recently published. Described in this article are the syntheses of 3-substituted 4-(5-iodopyrid in-2-ylthio)-indoles, featur ing successful adaptation of the modified Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis onto the key intermediate 1-(5-iodopyridin-2-ylthio)-2methyl-3-nitrobenzene (6) prepared from the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of chloropyridine 7 with thiophenol 8.


The co-chairman of the Congressional Task Force on International AIDS has predicted that Asia may be the area with the worlds most rapid spread of HIV in the late 1990s. The key countries involved are India and Thailand. The official count of AIDS cases in India grew from 4515 to 300000-400000 in 3 months. In Bombay there are 100000-150000 prostitutes with an estimated 30% HIV infection rate. India also has many intravenous drug users particularly in Manipur State. In Thailand 3-6 million cases are expected by 2000 spread mainly by the highly prevalent contact with prostitutes who have an HIV infection rate of 20-44%. These countries suffer from the same denial and apathy and afflict developed countries and sub-Saharan African countries alike: believing HIV will remain in the "high-risk" population. Africa already has an AIDS epidemic underway in the general population.


Elementary fibres isolated from mechanically processed technical hemp were axially sectioned and imaged with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to reveal details of the axial morphology of dislocations in the fibre. The overall aim was to investigate the detailed axial structural changes that the fibres undergo during processing, to help better understand the alterations in the deformation behaviour the fibres undergo following processing. The images showed the structure and morphology of dislocations as well as the different forms of damage that processing produced in the fibre structure, such as misalignment of the microfibrils, delamination, and buckled cellulose microfibrils. Furthermore, the results of this work show the ability that axial sectioning of the fibre has to reveal new details of the cell wall structure of hemp to offer new insights in the study of the fibre structure. In turn, the results of this work may help explain the mechanical behaviour of the fibres when they are loaded, as well as help explain the greater chemical accessibility of dislocations, for example, when the fibre is acid hydrolysed.


From the point of energy saving,this article introduces the principle of two-stage refrigeration cycle,analyzes the impact of subcooling degree of a throttling intermediate cooling and a throttling incomplete cooling on cycling performance,as well as the role of subcooling degree in energy-saving refrigeration system.


A theoretical study of the strength of fillet welds is presented. Results are reported for tests on T-joint fillet welds subjected to tension forces at different inclinations, to moment in the plane of the stem of the T, and to moments across the welded joint. The results are interpreted and design expressions proposed which, although seen to be conservative, are much more liberal than current codes permit.


Minority teacher candidates' capacity to connect with diverse students in preK-12 settings is a driving force behind the demographic imperative to diversify the teaching professions (Achinstein, Ogawa, Sexton, & Freitas, 2010; Banks et al., 2005). Teacher candidates of color have great confidence in their abilities to relate to students of color and to serve as role models (Weisman & Hansen, 2008; Williams, Graham, McCary-Henderson, & Floyd, 2009). Similarly, efforts to draw men into the teaching professions have centered on male teachers' potential to be role models to male students (Martino & Rezai-Rashti, 2010). The possible connections fostered by a diversified teaching force are offset by the reality of classroom demographics. Teachers of color make up only 16% of the U.S. teaching population, while 44% of students are individuals of color (Noel & Sable, 2009). Male teachers comprise 24% of teachers across grade levels and only 15% at the elementary level (Coopersmith, 2009). By contrast, student populations are fairly evenly split between male and female (Noel & Sable, 2009). Recognizing the importance of increasing the number of minorities in teacher education programs and subsequently increasing the number of minority teachers in the field, this article is written by five self-identified minorities in teacher education. We view our experiences through the lens of connecting to others as we explore our decisions to enter teaching, our experiences in a teacher preparation program, and our professional goals. Our aim is to improve the experiences of minority teacher candidates while enrolled in their teacher education program with the hopes that this will facilitate minority teachers' entrance into the teaching professions. To this end, our research questions are: What does it mean to identify as the "other" in a teacher education program? What obstacles have we encountered as a result of being the "other"? How do we, as teacher candidates and a teacher educator, believe our "otherness" will impact our teaching? In what ways do we perceive our "otherness" as a benefit to education programs and education as a whole? Perspectives on Research There are distinct benefits to recruiting additional ethnic and gender minorities to the teaching professions. The need for all children to have academic role models who closely reflect student populations has been a key rationale for diversifying the teacher workforce for the past 20 years (Villegas & Irvine, 2010). In other words, "Children need role models--they need to see themselves in the faces of their teachers" (Riley, 1998, p. 19). One example of academic role modeling is Klopfenstein's (2005) study that showed a strong positive correlation between the number of Black teachers of advanced mathematics and the number of Black students who enrolled in these classes. In the case of male teacher candidates, an additional reason for the call for role models is the perception of a shrinking number of male role models in children's homes (Gosse, 2011). A final rationale behind the arguments for male teachers and teachers of color as role models includes a belief that the prevalence of White, female teachers has sent a message that school and schooling are feminine and/or White pursuits (Martino, 2008; Zumwalt & Craig, 2005). Besides serving as role models, minority teachers tend to forge closer connections to students' families and communities, particularly when these teachers share cultural background and experiences with the students they teach (Sleeter & Thao, 2007). This "cultural synchronicity" facilitates teachers linking academic material to students'previous knowledge and experiences (Villegas & Irvine, 2010). Additionally, teachers of color seem to hold higher expectations for students of color (Garcia & Guerra, 2004) and to have a strong commitment to social justice (Dilworth & Brown, 2001; Su, 1997). …


The development of composites consisting of naturals fibers and resins offers not only an opportunity to utilize an abundant
natural resource but also a means to alleviate the serious disposal problem. Since natural fibers are durable, light-weight, excessive,
nonabrasive, harmless, and low priced, they can serve as an excellent reinforcer or extender for resin. Such composites are finding
applications as pallets, storage bins, and construction components.
There is lot of work has been done on the recycling of natural fibers. Recycling of high performance fiber is the new field. In our
project we compare the properties of virgen kevlar composites with the regenerated kavler composites. We use virgen kevlar fabric as
reinforcement and epoxy as a metrix in virgen kevlar composites, regenerated kavler fabric as reinforcement and epoxy as a matrix in
regenerated kavler composites, using vaccume bag molding technique for composite fabrication. We want to make it Green by
recycling the virgen kavler waste and wants to make durable product that do not invovle the manufacturing processes again and again.
The second purpose of this project is to develop the composites from the regenerated kavler fabric to make it cost effective and achive
properties close to the virgen kavler composites. We use 1/1 plan weave for both types of composites and made eight composites
samples having different no,s of layers and stacking sequence of the layers.


The power of the jets and radio activity of quasars appears to be determined by the spin parameter of the black holes in the host galaxies. In this paper, the space number density of radio-loud quasars in cold dark matter cosmologies with biasing factors bf = 1 and bf = 1.5 is computed, assuming that radio-loud quasars are created when two galaxies merge, forming a rapidly spinning black hole in the center. Our results are consistent with the observational data if quasars have lifetimes of ~107-108 yr. Our present model supports the idea that some of the luminous radio galaxies may not contain a quasar in their centers.


Les Cocotiers is a charming and affordable hotel composed of small houses nested in the heart of a tropical garden. Situated on a bay with fine sand pleasantly shaded by coconut trees. The hotel is located at Baie du Tombeau, on north-west of the island,..


Objective To explore the antibiotic resistance and isolation on ciprofloxacin-resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA) in the place of SuQian.Methods 90 strains PA were identified and the antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed by AutoScan 4 system.Using the method of agar dilution to measure the Minimum inhibitory concent-rations(MIC) of the quinolone-resistant isolates,analyzing the medical resistance of 50 strains of PA sensitive to ciprofloxacin in contrast.Results The sensitivity rate of quinolone-resistant strains was piperacillin/ tazobactam (70.0%),amikacin(60.0%),piperacillin(55.0%).To 9 sorts of antibiotics,the rate of resistance isolates was appar-ently lower than that of the sensitive isolates (P0.05).Conclusion To all antibiotics the sensi-tivity rate of quinolone-resistant PA was decreased,and had multidrug resistance to antibiotics tested.Resistant rate of PA to piperacillin/tazobactam,amikacin,piperacil-lin in my Hospital is low.Clinical doctors can choose them in the practical treatment of pseudomonas aeruginosa infections as the initiative therapy.


situation is developing in the teaching profession, caused by changes which are being made by various states in the requirements for licenses to teach. The general tendency seems to be to discourage educated persons from teaching in our public schools; to insure having in these vitally important posts, on the whole, the less educated members of the educated class. Of course the readers of this magazine would all agree that it is of the utmost importance to our country to have the best possible teachers in our public schools the best human beings we can produce, educated, wise, alive, interesting, with a gift for teaching and sympathetic understanding of young people. Whether we attract such human beings to want to teach in our public schools, and are able to select the best from among our candidates, depends to a very considerable extent on the requirements set up by the various state authorities for licenses to teach in the public schools. Are these requirements now fairly good and getting better? On the contrary, they seem, on the whole, to be rather bad and to be getting worse. So that it looks as if it might become harder and harder to get educated persons to teach in the public schools. This sounds so absurd that I must make it clearer by a concrete, imaginary example, to illustrate the tendency against which I am protesting. But let me first assert as emphatically as I can that I am not


ABSTRACT Continuing team building efforts in the Interlibrary Services Department of Texas A&M's Sterling C. Evans Library produced new fruit during the second year of the process. After gathering data from the NASA Moon Survival Task, the PT/Berkeley Personality Inventory, and from an internal assessment, two self-managing work group teams were created. Preliminary results indicate a renewed sense of purpose and accomplishment for the entire unit.


Chemistry is one of the most important forensic sciences beside of the other evidence sciences, and it is focus on the chemical examination of chemical waste by different methods of analytical chemistry and instrumental analytical methods. In addition to the quantitative and qualitative analyzes, it is possible to perform a comparative and comparison between the different samples and the connection between them in different fields associated with crimes. Forensic chemistry includes organic and inorganic analysis, toxicology, arson investigation, and serology. Each method of analysis uses specialized techniques and instrumentation. The process may be as simple as setting up a density gradient column to compare soil samples or as complicated as using a mass spectrometer or neutron activation analysis to characterize an unknown substance. Keywords: Analytical chemistry, Forensic sciences, Toxicology, Finger print.


In the presence of CP violation, the effective Hamiltonian matrix describing a neutral meson anti-meson system does not commute with its hermitian conjugate. As a result, this matrix cannot be diagonalized by a unitary transformation and one needs to introduce a reciprocal basis. Although known, this fact is seldom discussed and almost never used. Here, we use this concept to highlight a parameterization of the Hamiltonian matrix in terms of physical observables, and we show that using it reduces a number of long and tedious derivations into simple matrix multiplications. These results have a straightforward application for propagation in matter. We also comment on the (mathematical) relation with neutrino oscillations.


Purpose
Parkruns are weekly, free, community-based, 5 km runs around open spaces, with a growing body of research indicating their social, physical and psychological benefits. Thirty-one custodial establishments in England and Wales regularly offer parkruns. The purpose of this paper is to consider prisoners' experiences of parkrun in custodial settings, and these are discussed in the context of the evidence base regarding parkrun in the community and the wider literature on prison sport, desistance, and rehabilitation culture.

Design/methodology/approach
Using an inductive, qualitative approach, data was collected at three English prisons, via semi-structured interviews with 24 adult male prisoners who participated in parkrun. Data was subjected to thematic analysis.

Findings
In total, five themes reflecting positive experiences associated with custodial parkrun were identified: connection with others; healthy living; a safe and predictable exercise environment; a sense of purpose; and a re-humanising experience. Factors appearing frequently in the wider parkrun research are present in the perceptions of parkrunners in custody. In addition, factors deemed important to desistance and promoting a rehabilitation culture were also found in the experiences of the sample.

Practical implications
The work emphasises the successes of His Majesty's Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) and parkrun working in partnership to support custodial events. By highlighting the positive experiences of custodial parkrun on prisons and prisoners, the authors anticipate that their findings may encourage further sites to consider launching parkrun events and prompt existing sites to consider their events in line with efforts to promote desistance and a rehabilitation culture.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper to explore custodial parkrun. The findings indicate that custodial parkrun supports HMPPS strategic goals by offering an opportunity for prisons to promote desistance.


The transmission of images from satellites to earth is on the brink of many threats which can affect the confidentiality of the data as well as its quality. Several encryption algorithms are used to secure the transmitted images. The objective in this work is to analyze the sensitivity of a particular type of satellite image, which is an interferogram from interferometric imaging systems inSAR system. This image is encrypted by cryptosystem based on the Advanced Encryption Standard with key length of 256 bits (AES-256) standard and the asymmetric Rivest, Shamir & Adelman (RSA) encryption algorithm using Counter-mode encryption (CTR) mode and Output FeedBack (OFB) mode. The analysis made in this paper is carried out on two types of sensitivity. The first analysis is the sensitivity to change of a pixel in the original interferogram and the second is the sensitivity to the key. Two parameters are used to assess sensitivity: The Number of Pixel Change Rate (NPCR) and the Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI). The obtained results show that the two modes AES-256-OFB and AES-256-CTR are favorable but cannot be implemented on board a satellite without providing a mechanism capable of compensating for the low resistance to error propagation. Metrics on the clear and encrypted interferogram are exploited such as the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), Gradient-based Structural Similarity (GSSIM), The use of these metrics, allowed us to see that a change of one pixel in the interferogram and the change of the encryption key will affect the quality of the interferogram, as well as a statistical histogram analysis.


The study on organic management of fruit fly species on jujube (ber) ecosystem was carried out in the laboratory of Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam from November 2008 to March 2009. The data on efficacy of bio-pesticides on fruit fly specie was recorded from heaps of ripened fruits during harvesting and from fallen fruits on ground. The data from heaps of ber fruits indicated that infestation was 1.5, 5.5 and 12.1 % when treated with neem powder, tobacco extract and control, respectively on 7 th October. The maximum was 8.11, 20.5 and 50.75 % infestation was observed when treated fruits by neem powder, tobacco extract and control, respectively on 21 st November. Infestation percentage decreased and it reached 0.75, 3.12 and 10.75 % after the spray of neem powder, tobacco extract and control, respectively. The data revealed the overall mean efficiency of different bio-pesticides was neem powder (4.12), followed by tobacco extract (10.16) and control (27.11) respectively. The infestation of fruit flies of fallen fruit was started from 7 th October and it was 9.02, 18.5 and 30.76 % when treated with neem powder, tobacco extract and control, respectively. The maximum was 40.22, 56.6 and 79.9 % infestation was observed when treated by neem powder, tobacco extract and control, respectively on 21 st November. After that, infestation percentage decreased and reached 6.66, 7.14 and 19.51% after the spray of neem powder, tobacco extract and control, respectively. It is found that three species of fruit fly infest the jujube fruits. The fruit fly Bactrocera zonata occurs in large numbers up to 80.1% population. The rest of two species Bactrocera dorsalis and Corpomyia vasuviana occur 12.3 and 7.6 % respectively. In the light of experiment, it could be recommended that neem powder and tobacco extract can be applied for controlling of pests on jujube (ber) orchards.


Far field path loss can be calculated using Friis's propagation formula. This does not hold true in near field region. This paper presents method for calculating path loss in near field region in millimeter band region. This method is verified using near field measurement setup working in D band (110—170GHz).


Is Herobrine real? The Overworld has been swarmed and civilization destroyed by massive hordes of attacking Creepers. Someone is behind it and some say its Herobrine. Our three heroes, Tone Dead, Fumbles, and Moose, are separated from their families and left to survive from the Creepers on their own. They form a deadly team and fight there way through horde after horde. Finally, they encounter the legendary Herobrine But Herobrine wasnt exactly who they thought


Resource saving is one of the most important problems in the world, including for such an energy-intensive process as the operation of mining compressor units. In the mining industry, along with electrical energy, pneumatic energy or compressed air energy is widely used. Compressor units that generate this energy are the most energy-intensive equipment of the enterprise, the share of which in the balance of mining enterprises is 20-35%. The indicators of technological processes of mining enterprises depend on the level of perfection of compressor installations. Given the widespread use of compressed air, there is a need to reduce operating costs, based on the development of effective technical solutions in the production of compressed air in industrial enterprises The tasks associated with increasing the energy efficiency of the operation of compressor units have not been fully resolved.


Using material method, the author studies the difficulty actions in strong and handsome, especially in the quality the actions being completed, the tendence they are developing, and the value in all suit of the program.


Abstract:This paper explores the 1994 film Before the Rain, directed by Milcho Manchevski, as one of the most successful interventions in the emotional power of national narratives. Literary and cinematic works weld the readers', viewers', and listeners' experiences of self with the emotional charge of ideal "imagined communities." Through the sublimation of traumatic sacrifice, national narratives engage in the production of national subjects. The main thrust of the paper is to examine the reverse process—the possibility for a literary or cinematic work to un-make the emotional cathexis to a specific national narrative.


Game programming projects are concrete and motivational for students, especially when used to teach more abstract concepts such as algebra. These projects must have open-ended elements to allow for creativity, but too much freedom makes it hard to reach specific learning outcomes. How many degrees of freedom do students need to make a game feel like one they genuinely designed? What kinds of personalization do they undertake of their games? And how do these factors correlate with their prior game-playing experience or with their identified gender? This paper studies these questions in the concrete setting of the Bootstrap:Algebra curriculum. In this curriculum, students are only given four parameters they can customize and only a few minutes in which to do so. Our study shows that despite this very limited personalization, students still feel a strong sense of ownership, originality, and pride in their creations. We also find that females find videogame creation just as satisfying as males, which contradicts some prior research but may also reflect the nature of games created in this curriculum and the opportunities it offers for self-expression.


Numerous innovations have been aided by abdominal wall surgical repair. Abdominal wall surgery was drastically altered by synthetic materials. Tissue engineering was unquestionably first applied to biomaterials. The purpose of the present study is to compare different repeating approaches with rising tissue engineering complexity in repairing complex incisional hernia in emergency setting. Patients with complicated incisional hernia were prospectively included in the study and divided into 4 groups: DR (Direct Repair) group underwent direct reconstruction of the abdominal wall, BR (Biological mesh Repair) group underwent reconstruction of the abdominal wall with biological mesh (retro-muscular), BPR [Biological mesh and Platelet Enriched Plasma (PEP), gel] group underwent reconstruction of the abdominal wall with Biological mesh (retro-muscular) and PEP, BPSR (biological mesh, PEP gel and Bone Marrow Stem Cells) group underwent reconstruction of the abdominal wall with biological mesh (retromuscular), PEP and Bone Marrow Stem cells (BMSc). Forty patients were enrolled. Patients in the DR group experienced a higher rate of severe complication (p<0.05). Recurrence rates were 60% for DR patients, 20% for BM patients and 10% for the BM+PEP group (p<0.05). Median follow-up period was 64.6, 55.7 and 55.8 months (p<0.05). 7- and 30-days abdominal wall thickness is progressively increased by different techniques: BP, BP+PEP and BP+PEP+BMSc (p<0.05). No mortality was registered. Tissue engineering techniques in abdominal wall reconstruction showed promising results. They seem to reduce the recurrence rate without increasing complication one in complicated incisional abdominal wall hernia. Although many aspects are yet to be determined and standardized, it seems extremely important to continue research and experimentation in this field.


We present different caching approaches to an easily deployable, efficient, and resilient wireless mesh network of Mobile Cloud or Near Cloud System. Prepositioning this low-cost and low-powered caching terabyte caching system in everyday use i.e. in campuses, in Local Government Units, malls, and transport hubs doing their critical services, we anticipate its use in disaster scenarios. It is designed as an aid in disaster planning and preparedness and served as a relay of intelligent information and provided valuable contents to its users during and after disaster. As part of Ateneo Innovation Center's multiplatform resilient communication and information system, the Near Cloud system was deployed during university-wide emergency drill and in a real disaster scenario, proven successful for immediate disaster response, survivor and victim location, and saving lives. We propose the use of interactive digital signage in field operations to assist in search and reunification of families. Different use cases and deployments of the Near Cloud. This paper recognizes the importance of holistic and comprehensive disaster preparedness and risk reduction management especially in the context of a disaster-prone country like the Philippines.


Neural machine translation (NMT) is often described as 'data hungry' as it typically requires large amounts of parallel data in order to build a good-quality machine translation (MT) system. However, most of the world's language-pairs are low-resource or extremely low-resource. This situation becomes even worse if a specialised domain is taken into consideration for translation. In this paper, we present a novel data augmentation method which makes use of bilingual word embeddings (BWEs) learned from monolingual corpora and bidirectional encoder representations from transformer (BERT) language models (LMs). We augment a parallel training corpus by introducing new words (i.e. out-of-vocabulary (OOV) items) and increasing the presence of rare words on both sides of the original parallel training corpus. Our experiments on the simulated low-resource German–English and French–English translation tasks show that the proposed data augmentation strategy can significantly improve state-of-the-art NMT systems and outperform the state-of-the-art data augmentation approach for low-resource NMT.


Objective To investigate the treatment of astragalus injection on acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD) and the influence on the dermal microcirculation,inflammatory markers(TNF-α and CRP) and sweating.Methods 51e patients with AECOPD was divided randomly into routine therapy group(n=25) andtherapy group(n=26).Patients in the astragalus injection therapy group were treated with 0.9% sodium chloride solution or 5% glucose solution within 20ml astragalus injection(once a day) for ten consecutive days besides routine therapies.The concentrations of serous inflammatory markers (TNF-α and CRP) were detected and dermal blood flow volume and dermal blood flow rate and degree of sweating were evaluated at 5 day and 10 day before and after treatment.Results There was no statistic difference(P0.05) on the degree of sweating,dermal blood flow volume,dermal blood flow rate and concentrations of serous inflammatory markers(TNF-α and CRP) before treatment,but significant difference was found at 5d and 10d after treatment(P0.05).Moreover,there was significant difference on clinical efficacy and the astragalus injection therapy group with higher effective rate(84.6%) was better than routine therapy group with effective rate(60%)(P0.05).Conclusion Astragalus injection shows a certain therapeutic effect on patients with AECOPD,and the effects are interrelated with suppression of sweating,improving the dermal microcirculation and anti-inflammation.


Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of acquiring hepatitis virus B infection through occupational exposure. Having adequate knowledge and proper attitudes toward hepatitis B virus infection are crucial for its prevention. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and hepatitis B virus vaccination status of health care workers. A descriptive cross-sectional study among 120 healthcare workers that attended the World Hepatitis B-Day Celebration in June 2018 was undertaken. Data were obtained with a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude towards HBV infection, and practice of hepatitis B vaccination. Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen. Data were analyzed using computer software SPSS version 22. The prevalence of HBsAg among the subjects was 4.5%. Only 53(47.7%) of the respondents had good knowledge of hepatitis B virus infection. The majority of respondents 91(82.0%) demonstrated a positive attitude towards hepatitis B virus infection and vaccination. Over 30% of respondents were aware of their hepatitis B virus infection status, and 29(26.1%) of them had received the hepatitis B virus vaccine. The major reason for the poor uptake of hepatitis B virus vaccination was not knowing where to get the vaccine in 40(57.1%) of them. Good knowledge of HBV infection had a statistically significant association with the age of respondents and their years of experience (p<0.05). It is recommended that a healthcare worker should be provided with more education and information on hepatitis B virus infection and vaccination. Also, hepatitis B screening and vaccination should be made mandatory as part of the pre-employment exercise of all healthcare workers with follow up screening before any upgrade or promotional examination exercise.


Although the shell model predictions are in good agreement with erperimental data with respect to the energy level assignments for nuclei, there is no complete accord with measured and theoretical transition probabilities. An analysis is made of these transition probabilities, and the coupling necessary to obtain agreement between experimental and theoretical values is determined for Tl/ sup 203/. The results show that the electric quadrupole transitions were favored by a factor of 10 with respect to the theoretical predictions; the permitted magnetic dipole transition is inhibited by a factor of 5 and the forbidden 1 magnetic dipole transition is inhibited by a factor of 1000. By the introduction of a weak coupling between the independent particles and the nuclear core, the transition probabilities calculated for E2 transitions are 7.8 times higher than those obtained from calculations using the independent particle model. For transition probabilities for magnetic dipole transitions, the Arima, Horie, and Sano theory (Progr. Theoret. Phys. (Kyoto) 17, 567(1957)) is applicable for 1 forbidden transitions but not for permitted transitions. The internal conversion coefficient corresponding to the d 3/2 yields s 1/2 transition agrees with the experimental results. (J.S.R.)


This paper proposes the application of a new binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) method to feature selection problems. Two enhanced versions of binary particle swarm optimization, designed to cope with premature convergence of the BPSO algorithm, are proposed. These methods control the swarm variability using the velocity and the similarity between best swarm solutions. The proposed PSO methods use neural networks, fuzzy models and support vector machines in a wrapper approach, and are tested in a benchmark database. It was shown that the proposed BPSO approaches require an inferior simulation time, less selected features and increase accuracy. The best BPSO is then compared with genetic algorithms (GA) and applied to a real medical application, a sepsis patient database. The objective is to predict the outcome (survived or deceased) of the sepsis patients. It was shown that the proposed BPSO approaches are similar in terms of model accuracy when compared to GA, while requiring an inferior simulation time and less selected features.


Joshua Eckhardt, Manuscript Verse Collectors and the Politics of Anti- Courtly Love Poetry, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. x + 306, hb. £50.00, ISBN: 978-0-19-955950-3.The importance of manuscripts for the dissemination of early modern English poetry has been well established by scholarship of the past thirty years. Manuscript Verse Collectors takes a fresh look at the main body of evidence for the persistence of handwritten transmission of poetry in an age of print: the many unique 'verse miscellanies' compiled by both professionals and amateurs, now preserved in so many rare books libraries and record offices. The new and stimulating approach to verse miscellanies attempted by Eckhardt is fundamentally a literary one, though conducted in close conversation with the history of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.The different media of manuscript and print did not inherently mark or reflect stylistic differences in the texts that they transmitted. Much poetry circulated in manuscript could equally well have been printed, in some form - for example, the lyrics of Ralegh, occasional poetry from the universities, and eulogistic elegies on figures with various levels of fame would have caused little alarm if put through the press. Yet manuscript's independence from external controls and licensing facilitated the dissemination of writing that might have been risky to reproduce in print.Eckhardt's book offers a close analysis of two forms of early modern poetry whose widespread popularity was attained primarily through manuscript dissemination. He coins the term 'anti-courtly love poetry' to describe the bawdy, parodic, and sometimes obscene style of poetry by Marlowe, Nash, Beaumont and others, and best exemplified by John Donne's 'Anagram' or elegy 'On his Mistress going to bed'. Eckhardt suggests that the formation of anti-courtly love poetry as a genre was only partly the result of authorial labour; collectors of manuscript verse, who compiled so much similar material in the same books, played an equally important role in the development of the genre. The other clandestine form important for this book was the verse libel, whose mocking and satirical commentary on important figures of court and government found a substantial audience in early seventeenth-century manuscript collections.The major work of Manuscript Verse Collectors is to demonstrate the connections between these two forms of illicit writing, as well as with more conventional texts, and it is in this that it makes its most original contribution. With chapters based around key moments of late Elizabethan and early Stuart political scandal and crises, Eckhardt suggests several ways in which such interactions could work. …


The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity has stimulated extensive study of the physicochemical and mechanical properties of copper oxide materials with the aim of obtaining heat- and moisture-resistant materials exhibiting high mechanical strength. To solve this problem, the effects of various additions to YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub y} were studied. Substitution of most metals for yttrium was studied by Suzuki et al. It was shown that, for x{<=}0.2, samples of Y{sub 1-x}M{sub x}Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub y}with M = Sn, Nb, Zr exhibited semiconductor-like behavior down to 80 K. The effects of these substitutions on the properties of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub y} were studied in more detail. It was shown that the superconducting properties of this high-T{sub c} oxide depend on substituent content and position in the crystal structure.


Objective To evaluate the clinical application of hemagglutination-inhibition test and compare with virus isolation.Methods Nasal aspirate specimens were spun onto 24-well plate containing confluent monolayers of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells.Fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibodies to influenza A and B viruses were used to stain and type the isolates.Sera were pipetted into 120-well plate containing PBS,aspirate antigen solution and RBC suspension.The specimens were then observed for diagnosis and typing the isolates.Results A total of 60 nasal aspirate specimens and 120 acute and convalescent sera specimens from patients experiencing influenza-like symptoms were collected in Beijing and Tianjin from January of 2002 to February of 2003.Among them 15 (25%) of nasal aspirate specimens were found with influenza virus A and 9 (15%) with influenza virus B.Four-fold increase of Hemagglutinin antibody titer were found in 1 pair (1.67%) specimens against antigen A1,/Shanghai/7/99,16 pairs (26.67%) against antigen A3 /Fujian/151/2000,1 pair(1.67%) against antigen B/zhejiang/2/2001,and 4 pairs (6.67%) against B/shanghai/20/2001.The sensitivity (SN) of Hemagglutination-inhibition test was 66.67%,SE(SN)0.0962,specificity (SP) was 83.33%,SE(SP)0.0621,FPR 16.67%,FNR 33.33%,π76.67%,YI 0.5000,SE(YI)0.1145,LR+3.999,LR-0.4000,PV+ 72.72% and PV- 78.95%.Conclusion By comparison with virus isolation test,hemagglutination-inhibition test may provide a rapid laboratory diagnosis of influenza with moderately good performance by which it becomes possible that the patients receive the treatment of anti-influenza virus drugs.


A new dynamic analysis model for analysing electromagnetically coupled (EMC) microstrip dipoles is proposed. The formulation is based on an approximate treatment of the dielectric substrate. Calculations of the equivalent impedance of two different EMC dipole configurations are compared with measured data and full-wave solutions. The agreement is very good.


In this paper, we develop a hybrid control algorithm that produces control values for processes where only a limited number of function evaluations are available for the control law generation. This situation arises, for example, in stencil printing processes in printed circuit board manufacturing, where the cost associated with multiple function evaluations is prohibitive: The proposed control algorithm is given by a modified version of a constrained conjugated-gradient method, transitioned into a windowed-smoothed block-form of the least-squares affine estimator.


Screening with low-dose computed tomography reduces lung cancer mortality. However, the high incidence of false positive screening results, the uncertainty of the duration of screening and the lack of a cost-effectiveness analysis should be overcome before introduction in a daily clinical practice.


BARGALI, K. & BARGALI, S. S. 2000. Nutrient utilisation efficiencies of two Central Himalayan tree species. The nutrient utilisation efficiencies of two Central Himalayan species, one from nutrient-rich sites, Quercus leucotrichophora, and another from nutrient-poor sites, Pinus roxburghii, were compared at different nutrient and moisture levels. For this, seedlings of these two species were grown at four soil nutrient levels and each nutrient level was kept under four watering frequencies. Pinus roxburghii showed greater relative growth rate and greater relative retranslocation of nutrients before leaf senescence; however, nutrient concentrations in mature leaves were always higher for Q. leucotrichophora. Pinus roxburghii also had greater uptake, recovery and use efficiency for each nutrient examined compared to Q. leucotrichophora. However, in both species, nutrient uptake, recovery and nutrient use efficiency decreased with increasing nutrient availability. It seems that greater nutrient utilisation efficiencies of P. roxburghii should not only enable its seedlings to rapidly invade nutrient-rich Q. leucotrichophora forest sites, but also help to resist reinvasion of the site by Q. leucotrichophora as reported for large areas for Central Himalaya.


Fibroblasts from a patient with homocystinuria and megaloblastic anemia of infancy incorporated labeled cobalamin normally into cells where most of it was bound as observed in control cells. Cobalamin metabolism in these cells differed from that in control cells in the distribution of intracellular cobalamins, most strikingly in a selective deficiency of intracellular methyl cobalamin in the presence of normal levels of intracellular adenosyl cobalamin. Two abnormalities of methionine synthetase activity were observed in this patient's cells. Enzyme activity in extracts of the patient's cells showed resistance to the effect of nitrous oxide on intact cells, suggesting that the methionine synthase in the patient is not active. The patient's enzyme showed a greater sensitivity to thiols in the reaction mixture and showed a greater response to betamercaptoethanol as compared to dithiothreitol. This observation suggests that the methionine synthetase enzyme in extracts of the patient's cells is either more labile to oxidation or is deficient in a reduction step that is required for methionine synthesis. The addition of small quantities of normal extract corrected the defect of methionine synthetase in extract from the patient suggesting that the defect involves a step other than methionine synthetase and one which might be related to the reduction of components during the enzyme reaction.


HSP70 gene expression is induced by a wide range of environmental stimuli, including 60‐Hz electromagnetic fields. In an earlier report we showed that the induction of HSP70 gene expression by magnetic fields is effected at the level of transcription and is mediated through c‐myc protein binding at two nCTCTn sequences at −230 and −160. in the human HSP70 promoter. We report on the identification of a third c‐myc binding site (between −158 and −162) that is an important regulator of magnetic field‐induced HSP70 expression. We also show that the heat shock element (HSE), lying between −180 and −203, is required for induction of HSP70 gene expression by magnetic fields. The HSE centered at −100 alone is insufficient. J. Cell. Biochem. 77:170–176, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


slight irregularity of the duodenal cap had been noted, and the presence in the proximal jejunum of several small fluid levels. In the interval he had been relatively symptomfree. The presence of widespread abdominal tenderness and rigidity on his latest admission led to a diagnosis of perforated duodenal ulcer. AT OmRATIoN.-Peritoneal soiling was present owing to a perforation of the ileum at the site of an impacted enterolith, with signs of proximal obstruction (Fig. 172). A wedge resection of the perforated bowel was carried out with end-to-end anastomosis. Post-operative recovery was uneventful. The enterolith was radio-opaque and chemically contained a high percentage of barium. It measured 3 cm. x 2 cm. There can be little doubt that this enterolith was formed in a diverticulum following the barium meal given five years previously.


Background: Osteonecrosis is the death of bone tissue due to the interruption of the blood supply. It can occur in autoimmune disease due to multiple mechanisms. It occurs rarely in some kind of multisystem disease such as Behcet's disease (BD). The aim of this article is to present a case of BD with multifocal osteonecrosis.
Case Presentation: A 26-year-old woman with oral aphthosis, panuveitis, and retinal vasculitis was diagnosed to have BD, and oral treatment of prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg/day) together with azathioprine (2 mg/kg/day) and intravenous (IV) cyclophosphamide (CYC) (0.75 g/m2) was administered for her. Prednisolone was tapered to 15 mg/day after 3 months. Because of unresponsiveness of eye involvement to traditional immunosuppressive therapy, infliximab (5 mg/kg) was started for her, and IV CYC was discontinued. 4 months after initial therapy, she complained of her right shoulder pain. Regarding shoulder pain, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed osteonecrosis of the right shoulder. After the diagnosis of osteonecrosis, prednisolone was discontinued by herself. 3 months later, she complained of both knees, both hips, and right ankle pain. According to the previous diagnosis of osteonecrosis of her right shoulder, MRI was done for all involved joints, which revealed osteonecrosis of all of them. After the diagnosis of multifocal osteonecrosis, the following tests were done that all results were normal: anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) [immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM)], lupus anticoagulant (LA), anti-beta-2 glycoprotein 1 (antiB2GP1) (IgG, IgM), coagulation tests, and lipid profiles.
Conclusions: Bone infarction should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with joint pain and without the evidence of arthritis; however, it rarely occurs in patients with BD.


The invention relates to the field of condition-based maintenance with monitoring a state of a technical system (12) by a sensor (16). To the use of simpler sensors (16) to allow simpler evaluation logics to provide a method and apparatus for decision support based on hyper-ordinal signals from non-perfect hyper-ordinal condition sensors (34) is proposed.


Food is one of the basic needs of human being. We know that the population is rising enormously.so it is more important to feed such a huge population. But nowadays plants are largely affected with various types of diseases. If proper care should not be taken then it will show effect on quality of food products, quantity and finally on productivity of crops.. so, Early detection of plant disease is very essential, but it is very hard to farmers to monitor the crops manually it takes more processing time, huge amount of work, expensive and need expertised persons. Automatic detection of plant diseases helps the farmers to monitor the large fields easily,because our approach of using convolution neural networks provides a chance to discover diseases at the very early stage. By using Image Processing and machine learning models we can detect the plant diseases automatically but the accuracy is very less, early detection is also a major challenge. With the modern advanced developments in deep learning, in our project we have implemented the convolution neural networks(CNN) which comprises of different layers,by using those layers we can automatically detect and classify the diseases present in the plants. High Classification accuracy and more processing speed are the main advantages of our approach. After training the model on color, grayscale and segmented datasets our deep learning model will be capable of classifying a large number of different diseases and our project gives us the name of the disease that the plant has with its confidence level and also provides remedies for corresponding diseases


Mechanical performance of polymer-based adhesive joint is susceptible to moisture absorption. This study quantifies the effect of absorbed moisture on the strength, stiffness, and energy properties of adhesive bonded joints. For this purpose, moisture absorption characteristics of structural adhesive joints (Araldite2015) with different thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm) are established under accelerated aging conditions (deionized water at 60 oC). A thickness-dependent two-phase moisture absorption model was used to characterize moisture absorption of the adhesive joints. Results show that the moisture absorption of the adhesive joints is governed by capillary action. Adhesive joint specimens with aluminum 6061 adherents and 0.5 mm-thick Araldite 2015 adhesive compound are subjected to dry and 0.2 % moisture content. The specimens are tested in shear and tension under rate-dependent loading condition of 5, 50, 250, and 500 mm/min. The variations in the properties which are strength, stiffness and strain energy density are calculated from the rate- dependent load response. The properties of dry adhesive joint significantly increases with the test speed, while minor increase in similar effect on stiffness properties for ageing adhesive joints. Meanwhile, for the failure modes, mixed-mode failure is dominating at all loadings directions.


Based on the analysis of the current situation of sports industry and the current sports competition system,this paper explored the essential relationship between sports competition and sports industry and the opportunities of the development of Chinese sports industry.In the perspective of sports industry development,this research conducted a review on sport competition and proposed the suggestion and strategy for the development of sport competition and sports industry in China,following from the methods and approaches generated from the sports competition system in American and European countries.


University of Cordoba, Spain University of Seville, Spain University of Huelva, Spain In the coastal wetlands complex of Littoral Aeolian Sand Sheet of El Abalario-Doñana are recognized diverse pedological sequences during the Holocene. The aim of this papper is to show two of these sequences, which present a residual and relict characters nowadays, and the role that the seasonal hydromorphism plays in the old and past pedogenesis. The study is focused in two ponds of the mentionated wetland complex (called "lagunas", ephemeral and temporally small-lakes: laguna Navazo del Toro (NVT) and laguna Charco del Toro (CHT) (Doñana National Park).


The present invention relates to a method of erasing the memory array, the memory array comprises a plurality of strings of memory cells, each memory cell string including a plurality of memory cells connected to the plurality of word lines bars. This method of erasing the memory array includes the following steps. Providing a first substrate voltage to the memory array. A second voltage to the selected word line of the memory cell, and to provide a plurality of on-voltage to the remaining word lines. And a third voltage are provided a first memory cell source / drain region and a second source / drain region and the fourth voltage to the selected band to the tape using a hot hole injection erase method to select memory cells, wherein the third voltage is not equal to the fourth voltage. Whereby the use of the present invention is self-boosting memory cell or in direct voltage is applied to achieve the erasing memory cell in the selected memory cell string by a specific band of the band hot hole injection method, so that no other memory cell affected erase operations, while reducing the operating voltage of the applied erasing method.


In this paper, I will argue for the implementation of a carbon tax-based state implementation plan for existing sources under Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act. I will argue that a carbon tax provides powerful incentives for companies operating existing power plants to reduce the emissions produced by these plants. I will also show that the potential uncertainty in emissions reductions that would result from a carbon tax would be overcome when the proposed state implementation plan also includes a five-year monitoring mechanism that is also designed to prevent abuse of the proposed plan. In Part I of this paper, I will detail the history and statutory scheme of the Clean Air Act, including its stated objectives and the broad implementation thereof. In Part II, I will discuss the current state of regulation for new sources under Section 111(b) and detail the implementation of regulation of existing sources under Section 111(d). I will also list and describe the various alternatives that are currently being proposed by scholars as viable model SIPs for use in conjunction with Section 111(d). Additionally, I will specifically describe the proposed SIP and the advantages that the proposed SIP offers as opposed to the model SIPs. I will also address the implications of a carbon tax, both on industry and society as a whole. Finally, in Part III, I will discuss the possible challenges that the proposed SIP could face, and the defenses that could be utilized to respond to these challenges.


Screen-printed sensor for measuring human pulse was designed and first tests using a demonstrator device were conducted. Various materials and sensors' set ups were compared and the results are presented as the starting point for fabrication of fully functional device. As a screen printing substrate, commercially available temporary tattoo paper was used. Using previously developed nanomaterials-based pastes design of a pressure sensor was printed on the paper and attached to the epidermis. Measurements were aimed at determining sensors impedance constant component and its variability due to pressure wave caused by the human pulse. The constant component was ranging from 2kΩ to 6kΩ and the variations of the impedance were ranging from ±200Ω to ±2.5kΩ, depending on the materials used and the sensor's configuration. Calculated signal-to-noise ratio was 3.56:1 for the configuration yielding the highest signal level. As the device's net impedance influences the effectiveness of the wireless communication, the results presented allow for proper design of the sensor for future health-monitoring devices.


Five lots of chlekens, aged 19 to 21 days, were exposed to 1000. 1250, 1500, 1750. and 2000 r. The chickens surviving the irradiation later developed atrophy lesions of the genital glands. The severity of the lesions was more or less proportional to the dose received, but there were large individual variations. Renal sclerosis was also found in the chickens recelving 1500 r or more. No case of hepatic cirrhosis was found, contrary to previously reported results. The differences can perhaps be explained by differences in the reactivity of the breeds used. (J.S.R.)


In a recent model developed to explain the apparent "quantal" nature of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(l,4,5)P3)-induced Ca2+ release from specific intracellular stores, it was proposed that Ca2+ release from the stores may itself be modulated by intraluminal levels of Ca2+, possibly via an action at a binding site on the Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor/Ca2+ channel complex. Essential predictions of this model include a specific effect of intraluminal Ca2+ levels on the sensitivity of Ins( 1,4,5)P3-induced Caz+ release and a non-exponenl tial decay of passive Ca2+ loss from the store following inhibition of the Ca" pump on the store. However, in measurements of Ins( 1,4,5)P3-induced Ca2+ release and passive Ca2+ loss in permeabilized preparations of a model exocrine cell under conditions of thapsigargininduced store depletion, we found that neither of these predicted behaviors could be demonstrated.


Findings of a recent review of abiotic Hg in the Arctic (Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, 2021) will be summarized in this presentation. An up-to-date understanding of the emissions, transport and deposition pathways, source apportionment, inter-compartmental fluxes and mass budgets of total Hg in Arctic environments is developed based on observations and multi-model modeling. Total Hg levels in Arctic air (~300 Mg), permafrost soils (~600 Gg, 0-3 m), seasonal snowpacks (~40 Mg), glaciers (~2,400 Mg), sea ice (~10 Mg), and ocean waters (~1,900 Mg) are revised. Hg fluxes for terrestrial systems (anthropogenic, soils/vegetation and wildfire emissions and deposition) and the Arctic Ocean (deposition/evasion, river export, coastal erosion, ocean inflow/outflow, sea ice export, and sediment burial) are constrained. Terrestrial Hg fluxes north of 60 0 N suggest an approximate balance of Hg in soils, but the observed dominant Hg(0) deposition to terrestrial systems (vegetation/soils uptake) is underestimated in models, and wildfire emissions remain highly uncertain. A net Hg input of >50 Mg/y to the Arctic Ocean waters is implied, which is explained using uncertainties in fluxes, and recent GEOTRACES cruises observations. Hg fluxes are found relatively better constrained for river export, and oceanic inflow/outflow. Direct link between terrestrial Hg deposition and river Hg export is not yet fully possible, but model ensemble deposition to pan-Arctic watersheds north of 60 0 N is consistent with annual river Hg exports, and suggests that majority of river Hg is derived from seasonal snowpacks and surface soils during spring freshet. Permafrost thaw is an important Hg source to downstream ecosystems,