The paper is an outcome of empirical investigation carried out in Khunti sub-division of Ranchi district (now itself a district district) in the State of Jharkhand for the fulfillment of Doctoral degree in 2003-04 and 2005. The research paper critically examines the issues in education of tribal children, and the problems encountered in educational accomplishment by such tribal students, who decide to accomplish their education in school based modern education, despite a numbers of sociocultural limitations and economic hindrances. It also examines whether availability of educational/ schooling facilities and infrastnicture in schools and at home determine the participation of tribal students, and whether the school based formal education system has been internalized in the tribal social system or not? It also looks at the instrumentality of education in accniing the benefits of development programs. The paper also suggests the ways forward to overcome the problems by making school education, its process and practice, more culturally responsive and realize the goal of universalization of secondary education under multicultural settings. Secondary Education in India: An Overview Secondary education, which is in practice today, is generally imparted in two parts, first is called High School that deals with grades IX to X, and the second part is called Higher Secondary that deals with the grades XI to XII under the system adopted by the National Policy on Education 1986 modified in 1992.2 It is delivered by the government, private providers, and minority organizations. There are different forms of formal modern school based education system in India, such as General School managed by the State/ The Oriental Anthropologist, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2012, Pages 111-134 © OICSR, Allahabad Corresponding Author E-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com 112 Mukesh Kumar Shrivastava UTs Governments, Municipal Corporations, Aided Schools and Unaided Private/ Public Schools managed by Individuals/ Trusts or Minority Institutions. There are also some special category schools run by the direct support of Central government or its different Departments, such as schools of Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS), Navodaya Vidyalaya Sangathan (NVS), Central Tibetan Schools Administration (CTSA), Indo-Mangolian Schools, Railways Schools, Sanik Schools, Ashram Schools and General Schools run by the Industrial Companies. All these are mandatorily bound to get registered with central or state board secondary education. There two types of boards of secondary school examination i.e. Central Board School Examination (CBSE) and Indian Certificate of Secondary Education Examination (ICSE) boards at national level and State Board of School Examination at the state level. Open schooling and distance education are also the parts of formal set up of modern education. Informal set of modern education is exclusively related with Adult Literacy and Education schemes. The present form of secondary education introduced during the Colonial rule of East India Company and British India Government. It was Macaulay who drafted the present form of education system in his Minute of 18353 and approved by William Bentinck, the then Governor General, through the resolution of 1835. The Minute unilaterally imposed the British Model of General Education without addressing the diverse socio-cultural and economic settings of Indian people, and its community. Macaulay's plan was based on rejection of the potential and prudence of the existing Indigenous schools, and community learning systems. The British General Education system was imposed to destroy indigenous system of education and to produce English educated clerks and professionals for commercial and civil services. It also contributed to uproot the Indian peoples from its rich social and cultural heritage. Apart from these modern formal schools, there are other formats of schoolings known as Madrasa and Sanskirit Vidyalayas, also provide equivalent degrees at all levels of education. Sanskirit Vidyalayas have Vidic origin and perspective, while Madrasas came in India with the Islamic rulers. Initially, these systems were known for their religious and literary orientation in providing education, but today these systems have been . downgraded by the British introduced system of modern education. The educational contribution of Sanskrit and Madrasa system in modern India has been continuously neglected, not only by the policy makers, but also by the academicians. Before Macaulay's plan, there was prosperous system of imparting knowledge known as Tol (seat of Sanskrit learning) Pathsala (Village School), Maktab, Madarasa, and Community learning institutions, such as, Dlzumkuria among the Oraons, Gitiora among the Mundas, and Glzotul among the Muria, and likewise among the other tribal groups. India was known for its authoritative contribution in all fields of knowledge and the system of education was academically opulent.5 The Oriental Anthropologist Universalization of Secondary Education in India: Concerns of Tribal Students and the Ways Forward 113 National Educational Policies The first National Policy Resolution on Education was adopted in 19686 on the basis of the Kothari Commission report. The National Policy on Education 1968 could not be fully implemented due to several reasons, like lack of proper programme of action for implementation, shortage of funds, unaccountable organizational structure, et cetera7• Another important reason was that constitutionally, education came under the state list. Beyond these technical explanations, the prime cause of failure of this policy was to disregard the issues of diversity in Indian education, despite the underlining fact of the demand of diversified education. The states did not take much interest to the Policy. After a long gap, in 1986 the second National Policy on Education was formulated and enacted. Due to number inadequacies, the policy of 1986 was modified in 1992 after the recommendation of two review committees, viz., Ramamurthy Committee, 1990 and Janardhana Reddy Committee, 1992.8 According to the modified policy of 1992, "the concept of a National System of Education implies that, up to a given level, all students, irrespective of caste, creed, location or sex, have access to education of a comparable quality." To achieve this, the Government will initiate appropriately funded programs. For secondary education, the National Policy on Education 1992 said that students will be exposed to different streams of knowledge and tried to foster the constitutional rights and duties as a citizen. The Policy also talked of necessary computer skills and vocationalisation of education. It also promised to provide better opportunities to the children with special talent and widen the enrolment base with emphasis on enrolment of girls, SCs and STs, particularly in science, commerce and vocational streams. For tribal children the policy underlined the distinctive characteristics and need of tribal students and promised to facilitate their educational aspiration by opening of Residential Schools, training of tribal educated youth and formulation of incentive schemes. But the policy did not achieve the goal crafted for secondary education and education for tribal children. In fact, the policy of 1992 stressed more on access and expansion part of secondary education rather than positing of secondary education in entire spectrum of education system continued from the colonial period. Recent Policy Initiatives After approving the free and compulsory education as a fundamental right to all children between the ages of 6-14 years, government has set up a Committee of CABE to extend the purview of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 up to pre-primary and secondary levels. The 12h Five Year Plan, in which the goal of universalization of secondary education is to be achieved, the approach paper says "as increasing number of children finish elementary school, there will be need to expand capacity in secondary and higher secondary schools. Envisaging universalization of secondary education by 2017 should be a priority in the Twelfth Plan." Before this, the The Oriental Anthropologist 114 Mukesh Kumar Shrivastava Government of India tried to expand the base of secondary education to fulfill the need of market economy, where a large number of skilled labours were required to produce the goods and services. The Central Advisory Board of Education reconstituted in 2004 and presented a number of policy papers on different aspects of education in 2005. One of the policy papers was on 'Universalization of Secondary Education'.11 The paper observed that guiding principles of universal secondary education should be universal access, equality and social justice, relevance and development, and structural and curricular considerations. The report said that the new generation secondary education should be education of the adolescence for nurturing multiple intelligences in order to fructify full potential of each child. It also stressed on the development of norms for schooling for each state with common national parameters as well as state specific parameters. The paper was of the view that perspective plan for a universal secondary education should be developed and micro-level planning should be made at block level. The committee also suggested increasing the financial allocation approximately 5.1 percent of the GDP for covering the cost of universal elementary and secondary education. Finally, the committee said that mere enrolling all children through lateral expansion of facilities in secondary education will not play to meaningful universalization of secondary education, but it will require a paradigm shift in the conceptualization of secondary education. National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 200512 introduces the entire task with a sensitive note "Is it time for us to refresh


Objectives : This study was performed in order to investigate an immediate improvement effect of nasal obstruction after having patient with chronic rhinitis use nasal spray in nasal cavity after distilling Korean medicine, satisfaction for its fragrance and irritation and its effect continuance time. Methods : A questionnaire was performed for an immediate therapeutic effect of nasal spray 1, 2 and 3 weeks later after using spray by targeting 13 patients who used Korean medicine distillate spray for over 3 weeks among the patients who visited Sangji University Korean Medicine Hospital and whose symptoms were determined as chronic rhinitis and for whom Korean medicine distillate spray was prescribed. 3 weeks later after using spray, a questionnaire was performed for fragrance, irritation and continuance effect of Korean medicine. Immediate therapeutic effect being felt right after spraying was also surveyed and symptom scores was expressed from 10 to 0 and on the assumption that nasal obstruction symptom just before spraying was 10 points, symptom score after spraying was surveyed. In case of evaluation of satisfaction, satisfaction for fragrance and irritation of nasal spray was evaluated by scale based on full score of 5 point from 'very satisfied=5', 'satisfied=4', 'average=3', 'unsatisfactory=2' and 'very unsatisfactory=1', respectively. Effect continuance time after spraying was surveyed by dividing it into within 5 minutes, within 5-10 minutes, within 10-30 minutes and over 30 minutes. All the data was statistically analyzed by Friedman Test that is non-parametric test of Paired t-test and descriptive statistics. Results : Total surveyed patients were 13 persons including 6 males and 7 females and total average age was represented to be years old. Score of immediate nasal obstruction improvement effect at 1st week was points, at 2nd week points and at 3rd week points and when comparing 1st week, 2nd week and 3rd week statistically, p value was 0.047points and average points, respectively. Effect continuance time below 10 minutes was represented in 8 persons who accounted for 61.5%. Conclusions: Immediate improvement effect of nasal obstruction being felt by the patients by using Korean medicine nasal spray could be confirmed and by having the patients use such spray for 3 weeks continuously, it could be realized that such effect was sustained and satisfaction for fragrance or irritation of Korean medicine nasal spray was significant. However, rather short sustained time was considered to be unsatisfactory and this shortcomings is required to be improved in the future.


In this paper, we investigate the retrieval of paper watermark by visual similarity. We propose to perform the visual similarity by encoding small regions of the watermark using a non-negative dictionary optimized on a large collection of watermarks. The local codes are then aggregated into a single vector representing the whole watermark. Experiments are carried out on a test of tracings (manual binarization of watermarks).


A neural network architecture for visual direction detection is proposed. The approach assumes a continuous flow of visual stimuli as input. The output of the network will as a consequence be a continuous flow as well. Each node in the network signals when motion is occurring at their position. Other nodes make use of this information in their computations. This allows, from a computationally viewpoint, rather simple nodes. When a node detects a motion, this detection is propagated through the network in the direction of the motion. Such a propagation is easy to construct. The initial detection of a motion is carried out by spontaneous activity among the nodes. Hence, no motion detection is carried out by the nodes, but are an emergent property of the collaboration in the network. In this paper, the model is presented and results from a computer simulation of the process is discussed. Related models of direction selectivity are also discussed in relation to the proposed model. (Less)


Abstract : This monograph reviews the tactical employment of strategic bombers during World War II and the first 18 months of the Korean conflict. Emphasis is placed on the development of employment doctrine both before and during the period 1941-1951 and on the effects of theater conditions on conformity to official doctrine. Following an introductory chapter, Chapter 2, Employment Doctrine: 1918-1951, contains three sections -- The Interbellum Period: 1918-1939; World War II and Korea: 1939-1951; and Strategic and Tactical Targets. Chapter 3, The Mediterranean Theater, contains two sections -- The African Campaign: 2 June 1942-13 May 1943, and The Italian Campaign: 3 September 1942-2 May 1945. Chapter 4 focuses on The European Theater. Chapter 5, The Pacific and Asiatic Theaters, contains six sections -- NOPAC: Eleventh Air Force; CHENPAC: Seventh Air Force; SOPAC and SWPA: Thirteenth Air Force; SWPA: Fifth Air Force; CBI: Tenth and Fourteenth Air Forces; and Twentieth Air Force. Chapter 6, The Korean Conflict: 1950-1951, contains two sections -- Phase I: 25 June-30 September 1950, and Phases II-V: 1 October 1950-31 December 1951. Chapter 7 presents the conclusions.


The basic purpose in active filters design is to calculate of filter transfer function providing desired features and is to find component values. By using of classical calculation methods in active filters component values calculations cause over time and process load and a different design with found same component value cannot be done. In this study, the reaching of analog active filter amplitude response that provides desired features with different component value that is found by helping of Genetic Algorithm (GA) is provided. With this work, the circuit design by using of different component values at different stages was enabled. In this way, unlike the studies at literature, the same selection imperative of component values have been eliminated to provide easy calculation and this offers easier circuit design possibility for users. In addition; with helping of implemented study, the increasing process load depending on filter degree is eliminated. To reach desired filter characteristic, obtained amplitude response from the used approach methods and desired amplitude response were compared and satisfactory results were observed.


FDA approved tobramycin inhalation powder (TOBI Podhaler, Novartis) for the management of cystic fibrosis patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa), a bacterium that causes lung infections.


We have recorded 13 C NMR spectra of the (3- 13 C)Ala, (1- 13 C)Val-labeled pharaonis transducer pHtrII(1-159) in the presence and absence of phoborhodopsin (ppR or sensory rhodopsin II) in egg phosphatidylcholine or dimyristoylphos- phatidylcholine bilayers by means of site-directed (amino acid specific) solid-state NMR. Two kinds of 13 C NMR signals of (3- 13 C)Ala-pHtrII complexed with ppR were clearly seen with dipolar decoupled magic angle spinning (DD-MAS) NMR. One of these resonances was at the peak position of the low-field a-helical peaks (aII-helix) and is identified with cytoplasmic a-helices protruding from the bilayers; the other was the high-field a-helical peak (aI-helix) and is identified with the transmembrane a-helices. The first peaks, however, were almost completely suppressed by cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) regardless of the presence or absence of ppR or by DD-MAS NMR in the absence of ppR. This is caused by an increased fluctuation frequency of the cytoplasmic a-helix from 10 5 Hz in the uncomplexed states to .10 6 Hz in the complexed states, leading to the appearance of peaks that were suppressed because of the interference of the fluctuation frequency with the frequency of proton decoupling (10 5 Hz), as viewed from the 13 C NMR spectra of (3- 13 C)Ala-labeled pHtrII. Consistent with this view, the 13 C DD-MAS NMR signals of the cytoplasmic a-helices of the complexed (3- 13 C)Ala-pHtrII in the dimyristoylphos- phatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayer were partially suppressed at 0C due to a decreased fluctuation frequency at the low temperature. In contrast, examination of the 13 C CP-MAS spectra of (1- 13 C)Val-labeled complexed pHtrII showed that the 13 C NMR signals of the transmembrane a-helix were substantially suppressed. These spectral changes are again interpreted in terms of the increased fluctuation frequency of the transmembrane a-helices from 10 3 Hz of the uncomplexed states to 10 4 Hz of the complexed states. These findings substantiate the view that the transducers alone are in an aggregated or clustered state but the ppR-pHtrII complex is not aggregated. We show that 13 C NMR is a very useful tool for achieving a better understanding of membrane proteins which will serve to clarify the molecular mechanism of signal transduction in this system.


This study aims to analyze the profile of critical thinking skills of PGSD students in learning science concepts. Critical thinking indicators used as a reference in observing critical thinking in this study include: analyzing, predicting, designing ideas. The research carried out includes the type of quantitative research with a descriptive approach. where the data were analyzed by calculating the cognitive ability score with a scoring technique with corrections to guess answers. The research subjects for the third semester students of PGSD UST Yogyakarta are 80 students for the 2021/2022 academic year. The results showed that the critical thinking skills of PGSD students from grades A and B had critical thinking skills with an average (medium) scale of 23.75%, then critical thinking abilities with low criteria of 33.75%. Furthermore, students who have very high critical thinking skills are 6.25%. While those with very low criteria are only 36.25%.


The technology enabled us to form a large cohort into small groups with relative ease. There is a considerable amount of literature discussing the optimum method of group formation to minimise conflict and maximise achievement. This paper argues that the formation of the group is not critical to its cohesion as long as staff are able to manage its operation; and it is the use of technology that facilitates this. Careful management of group work resulted in outstanding levels of student satisfaction with the process.


Tracking of highly maneuvering targets is an area of considerable interest to the Radar community. Conventionally, tracking is performed using some filtering based some maneuvering model with the measurements of range and bearing in data processing. Due to the absence of acceleration, worse precision or divergence of tracking will occur when the current radars track high maneuvering targets. It can be improved the performance of maneuvering tracking if radial acceleration and radial velocity estimates can be brought into the measurement vector in maneuvering tracking. Therefore, a RAV-EKFD method is proposed for enhancing the tracking of a highly maneuvering target. In the proposed method, the radial acceleration and radial velocity is derived based on Compressive Sensing method in signal processing and then applied to the measurement vector after coordinates transform. In the filtering approach, a method of EKFD is used based on Debiased Converted Measurements Kalman Filter (CMKF-D) and Extended Kalman Filter(EKF) to resolve the problem of the non-linearity of the measurement equation. In simulations, the tracking performance of the proposed method is compared with the traditional EKF and CMKF-D algorithms, and the results show that the RAV-EKFD outperforms these algorithms in maneuvering scenario. (7 pages)


A 23 year flight cadet presented with pain in the right hip, onset August 2002, which lasted for about 4 months till Dec 2002 and thereafter he remained asymptomatic. His general and physical examination did not reveal any abnormality. All biochemical and haematological tests were within normal limits. Initial Xray of the right hip both AP/Lat showed patchy areas of sclerosis in the subchondral areas of the right femoral head which over the next 6 months progressed, causing irregularity of the articular surface of the femoral head and mild increase in the joint space. MRI of the right hip was suggestive of avascular necrosis of the right femoral head with 25% of the head involved. In the subsequent months the MRI findings showed mild joint effusion with fibrotic changes. Bone scan revealed an area of increased activity at the right femoral head suggestive of ongoing osteoblastic activity. An Orthopedic surgeon consultation and a Human Engineering evaluation found him to be essentially normal with no functional deficit but both opined that he be made unfit for aircrew duties due to the natural history of the disease progressing to severe osteoarthritis with severe functional impairment. Discussion


Abstract A simple method to prepare cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) in an aqueous environment was developed utilizing 4-aminophenol as a reducing agent and the gemini surfactant (14-4-14)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizer. The localized surface plasmon resonance band of cobalt nanoparticles in the UV-Vis spectrum was used to determine the rate of formation of cobalt nanoparticles and to assess the beginning of the oxidation process. The effect of the concentration cobalt nitrate, 4-aminophenol, 14-4-14 and PVP was investigated on the growth rate of CoNPs. The data obtained in this work provide valuable information on the rate of reaction at the nanoscale.


The purpose of present study is to observe the change in capillaroscopic features before and after pulsed magnetic field (PMF) stimulus: the number, shape, length of capillary loop, and diameters of efferent capillary, and images of capillary loop. Nailfold capillary microscopy was used to quantitatively estimate the change of morphological characteristics of the capillaries. Capillary blood flow is recorded using video camera recorded at a frame rate of 60fps attached to the microscope. The velocities of capillary blood cell were 441 ± 22 and 508 ± 20 μm/s, before and after PMF stimulus, respectively. For the nailfold capillary morphologies, compared to before PMF, the more clearly visible loops are arranged as well as the capillary loop lengthened after PMF stimulus. Also the numbers of capillary loop/mm increased after PMF stimulus. In addition, tortuous capillary turned to hairpin shaped loop and the number of tortuous and abnormal capillaries are reduced after PMF stimulus. Our results proved the PMF stimulus on the palm of left hand for 10 min. provide the improvement of capillary blood flow, and it decreases vascular resistance in the blood micro-circulatory system. In addition, our study suggested quantitative and qualitative parameters of the nailfold vasculature in order to elucidate the effect of PMF. For expanding our findings, we need to have more subjects across a wide spectrum of age and with microvascular abnormalities, such as scleroderma, dermatomyositis and related disorders.


Four different extracts(ethanol,acetone,ethyl acetate and petroleum ether) of Cnidium monnieri(L.) Cuss.fruit were tested for their insecticidal activities against Sitophilus zeamais(Motschulsky),Rhizopertha dominica(Fabricius) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis(L.) using repellence method and contact toxicity.The results showed that these extracts had some repellent and contact activity to the three insects.Sixty hours after treatment,the highest repellent class of all the extracts to the three insects were class Ⅴ.The extracts showed strong contact activity with the highest mortality was 100%.


The invention relates to a, if necessary, be activated remote control system for motor vehicles (1) via a wireless data communication link with a control center (13). According to the invention the control center (13) is adapted to requirements of remote monitoring and / or remote control of a motor vehicle (1) information for performing the remote control of the motor vehicle (1) remotely from the central office (13) located personal data terminals (14a) from to convey and after acceptance of an offer a data communication connection between the motor vehicle (1) and the personal data terminal (14a) from which the supply comes provide. In addition, each personal data terminal (14a) is adapted for remote monitoring and / or remote control of the motor vehicle (1) on the provided data communications link in the manner of driving simulation computer games perform.


There is still no universally accepted method of obtaining adequate running-in of piston engines. Measures adopted to reduce wear of the piston rings and cylinder in service, e.g. the use of chromium-plated rings and heavy duty lubricating oils, inevitably prolong the initial running-in, and some means must be employed to induce wear during this critical period. One of the most successful ways of doing this in a controlled fashion in diesel engines has been found to be the use of an additive which is soluble in the fuel, and which when burnt in the combustion chamber produces an abrasive material which wears the rings and the cylinder. No adverse side effects have been observed from the use of this additive, and various examples are quoted of its successful application, both in engines operated by the manufacturer on the bench, and in new and reconditioned engines in vehicles operating on the road.


The Medical Student Technician (MST) role is a paid position established in Northern Ireland in 2020. The Experience‐Based Learning (ExBL) model is a contemporary medical education pedagogy advocating supported participation to develop capabilities important for doctors‐to‐be. In this study, we used the ExBL model to explore the experiences of MSTs and how the role contributed to students' professional development and preparedness for practice.


CSCW has previously investigated the "information work" that patients do in relation to their health, illnesses, and treatments. Our study contributes to this ongoing stream of work by investigating the information work that chronically ill patients do in relation to their physical bodily experiences. We use an interpretivist approach and qualitative methods (semi-structured interviews and observations) to examine how patients in a midwestern U.S. city carry out information work related to their bodily experiences of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Our findings highlight four themes related to such work: bodily experiences of CKD; making meaning of bodily experiences through experiential learning; communicating bodily experiences; and attuning daily life around bodily experiences. In so doing, we show how patients continuously engage in information work in relation to their bodily experiences. For example, we found participants experienced physical sensations such as pain, cramping, and extreme fatigue, which elicited complex labor, yet most patients received little education from health care professionals about what bodily sensations they might have and what these physical experiences might mean. While patients and clinicians worked collaboratively to adjust treatment based on bodily information, such collaborative adjustment often did not occur until patients learned to interpret and communicate bodily experiences through a difficult and physically painful "trial and error" learning process. Our empirical insights extend on the literature of information work that chronically ill patients do and inform design of information technologies and care processes for patients with chronic disease.


Imagenology contributes to the accurate diagnosis of peritoneal compromise in the assessment of peritoneal carcinomatosis, although its effectiveness is still limited. CT is the most frequently used study and PET/CT is graduallly more requested in the assessment of different neoplasms. This study aims to assess performance of CT and PET/CT for diagnosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis in digestive and gynecological tumours.Method: retrospective, observational study of 11 cases operated on peritoneal carcinomatosis after a CT and/or PET/CT had been performed. The results of both image studies were analysed separately and altogether and they were subsequently compared to intraoperative and pathology studies.Results: CT matched findings in 8 out of 10 cases (sensitivity 78%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 33%), whereas PET/TC matched in 9 out of 11 patients (sensitivity 100%, PPV 81%). When considered together, sensitivity was 100% y el PPV de 82%.Conclusions: the results of the study confirm imagenology studies overestimate peritoneal carcinomatosis based on the characteristics of nodules and its uptake pattern. In CT/PET, SUV> 6 could increase the probability of diagnosing carcinomatosis. This small series of cases enables our suggesting CT and 18F-FDG PET-TC to be requested and analysed together to increase its efficiency, although surgical exploration continues to be the most effective method to diagnose and assess peritoneal carcinomatosis.


There are still hurdles standing in the way of faster and more efficient knowledge consumption in industrial environments seeking to foster innovation. In this work, we address the portability of extractive Question Answering systems from academic spheres to industries basing their decisions on thorough scientific papers analysis. Keeping in mind that such industrial contexts often lack high-quality data to develop their own QA systems, we illustrate the misalignment between application requirements and cost sensitivity of such industries and some widespread practices tackling the domain-adaptation problem in the academic world. Through a series of extractive QA experiments on QASPER, we adopt the pipeline-based retriever-ranker-reader architecture for answering a question on a scientific paper and show the impact of modeling choices in different stages on the quality of answer prediction. We thus provide a characterization of practical aspects of real-life application scenarios and notice that appropriate trade-offs can be efficient and add value in those industrial environments.


The expansion of structured information in different applications introduces a new ambiguity in multimedia retrieval in semi-structured documents. We investigate in this paper the combination of textual and structural context for multimedia retrieval in XML document thus we present a indexing model which combines textual and structural information. We propose a geometric method who use implicitly of textual and structural context of XML elements and we are particularly interested by improve the effectiveness of various structural factors for multimedia retrieval. Using a geometric metric, we can represent structural information in XML document with a vector for each element. Given a textual query, our model lets us combine scores obtained from each sources of evidence and return a list of relevant retrieved multimedia element. Experimental evaluation is carried out using the INEX Ad Hoc Task 2007 and the Image CLEF Wikipedia Retrieval Task 2010. The results show that combination of scores of textual modality and structural modality significantly improves compared results of using a single modality.


Ab stract Re cent geo chron ol ogi cal stud ies, in clud ing sen si tive high mass-res o lu tion ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zir con dat ing, have helped to dif fer en ti ate into spe cific age groups the var i ous gneiss es that oc cur within the base ment units of the cen tral-Eu ro pean Variscides. The Fore-Sudetic Block base ment unit, for ex am ple, has been di vided into two ma jor gneiss groups of Neoproterozoic and Cam brian/Or do vi cian age, re spec tively. These two gneiss groups have been as signed to dif fer ent tec tonic units, them selves sep a rated by a ma jor tec tonic bound ary that is in ter preted to be the north ern con tin u a tion of the Moldanubian (Lugodanubian) Thrust. This thrust di vides the main tectonostratigraphic units of the Bo he mian Mas sif: the Moldanubian and Saxo-Thuringian units to the west, and the Moravo-Silesian unit to the east. This pa per in ter prets new SHRIMP zir con data from the Nowolesie gneiss at Skalice (sam ple S6) and in te grates the re sults with data from the Strzelin gneiss at Dêbniki (sam ple S3), which is within the Strzelin Mas sif (E part of the Fore-Sudetic Block). Both the Nowolesie and Strzelin gneiss es con tain nu mer ous in her ited zir cons within the age range of 1.5–2.0 Ga, in di cat ing Mesoand Palaeoproterozoic sources for the zir cons and sug gest ing that these zir cons were re cy cled into youn ger units that sub se quently un der went par tial melt ing. The ages de rived from sam ples S6 and S3, to gether with the ab sence of the Grenvillian ages (~1.3–0.9 Ga), sug gest a West-Af ri can and/or Am a zo nian cratonic crust as the source for both the Nowolesie and Strzelin gneiss protoliths. The main zir con pop u la tions from both gneiss es fall into two sim i lar age groups: 602 ± 7 Ma and 587 ± 4 Ma for the Nowolesie gneiss; 600 ± 7 Ma and 568 ± 7 Ma for the Strzelin gneiss. These sets of Ediacaran (late Neoproterozoic) dates pos si bly re flect anatexis of the gneiss protoliths dur ing the Cadomian orog eny.


Acute pain conditions: Only inconsistent data exist from controlled clinical trials with cannabinoids on acute pain. In the 80ies, two small-sized studies investigated the parenterally applied synthetic cannabinoid levonandradol in postoperative pain. Two other, more recent trials were performed with oral cannabinoids. Whereas in the smaller trial by Buggy et al. no significant analgesia was produced by a single oral dose of 5mg THC, a well-designed multicenter dose-escalation trial using oral cannabis extract showed a small, but significant dose-related reduction of postoperative patient-controlled analgesia requirements. But the dose-escalation was associated with an increased severity and incidence of side effects. In trials using human pain models of acute nociceptive or inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia, 20mg of oral THC or cannabis extract failed to produce significant analgesic effects, moreover, hyperalgesia and decreased pain thresholds were found. Interestingly enough, similar results were seen in postoperative pain after 2mg nabilone. Significantly higher pain scores were reported compared to placebo, ketoprofen or only 1mg nabilone. As recently shown by Wallace et al., not only oral cannabinoids, but also a high-dose smoked cannabis produced hyperalgesia, whereas an analgesic effect on capsaicinevoked spontaneous pain was reported after the medium dose, demonstrating an complex and not well understood dose dependency. To conclude, in most of the studies, cannabinoids proved more or less ineffective and side effects occurred frequently. Therefore they cannot be recommended for the treatment of acute pain.


Given a history, what matters for predictions is the nature of the ao-field and the probability measure defined on it. Thus making predictions about the weather when the barometer is squeezed would entail a probability measure space that is different from the one that would be appropriate when the barometer is observed to drop. We are talking here about two different random experiments. By way of a closing comment, I would like to think that Singpurwalla is not reluctant to accepting "new ideas in statistics". However two conditions need to be satisfied: the idea must be genuinely new; it must be statistics (or probability). Interacting with Judea is challenging and calls for persistence. He makes one think hard about issues. Indeed, it was he who invited me to join the debate, and my hope is that he does not regret this invitation.


Returning from prison can be a daunting experience and a difficult adjustment for anyone. Prisoner reentry programs are needed for public policies advocating for a new approach to an old problem: How do recently released inmates successfully reenter society once they have served their societal debt? There are tremendous obstacles to reentering society, yet housing is among the most pressing reentry problems to solve. In our research, we discuss and consider the public policy issue most pertinent to successful reentry, affordable, and available housing as a necessity for returning inmates. Housing is key to solving even a tiny part of a much bigger problem in criminal justice public policy circles: the public management of crime in America.


During 1998-1999, studies on the susceptibility of Ae. Aegypti to some insecticides were conducted in three places in Nam Bo and eight places in Central Highlands, south Vietnam. Ae. aegypti was found to be susceptible to malathion and resistant to DDT and three insecticides of the pyrethroid group, i.e. permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin, in many places.


We study the signal and backgrounds for the process $t\overline{t}h,\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{h}{W}^{+}{W}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and a 100 TeV Very Large Hadron Collider (VLHC). Signals are studied in two-, three-, and four-lepton final states. We find a statistical uncertainty in the top-quark Yukawa coupling at the LHC of $16%,8%,12%$ for ${m}_{h}=130,160,190 \mathrm{GeV},$ respectively. The statistical uncertainty at the VLHC is likely to be negligible in comparison with the systematic uncertainty.


Empathy is crucial to healthcare as it improves patient outcomes, reduces malpractice
errors and healthcare costs, and increases physician resilience while reducing burnout
rates. Despite its importance, studies show that empathy declines as clinical training
progresses, likely due to a lack of consensus on its definition, a focus on science-
centered education rather than humanistic skills and high-stress levels. To address this,
medical schools and healthcare organizations must develop efficient tools for teaching
empathy. Various methods have been employed, including creative arts, reflective
essays, communication skills, and experiential learning. This review provides an overview
of recent studies on clinical empathy and aims to enhance the understanding and guide
future interventions to teach empathy in medical schools. A pilot study is also included,
showing that community connectedness positively impacts empathy levels among
medical students.


Increasingly, peace agreements and economic development programs reference the centrality of sound economic policy and a stable macroeconomic framework in state-building efforts. But few practitioners have the background to know what this means and to understand the relationship between their areas of responsibility and the policies needed to attain macroeconomic stability. Even fewer feel able to contribute meaningfully to designing and implementing strategies to attain and maintain this fundamental end state. This manual aims to serves as an introductory guide to and reference document on macroeconomics. It is intended for noneconomists who may be involved in peace negotiations and would benefit from a clearer understanding of the underlying macroeconomic issues.


A method of operating a gas generating system for providing a hydrogen-containing gas, consisting at least of an autothermal reforming stage, wherein water, an oxygen-containing medium, and a hydrocarbon-containing medium are fed as starting materials, in which at least a heat exchanger heated at least in a part of the starting materials for the autothermal reforming stage evaporated and / or overheated, the temperature of the autothermal reforming stage is controlled in the range of exiting from their products by varying the amount of supplied oxygen-containing medium to a predetermined temperature value, characterized in that the product gases according to the autothermal reforming stage (1) a heat exchanger (3) flow through, in which at least a part of the reactant water (H (3) the temperature of the heat exchanger (3) exiting product gas is controlled, wherein further water (H


Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs), with a two-year survival rate of less than 20%, are some of the most aggressive human cancers. This dissertation begins with our analysis of 127 pHGGs, including brainstem (BS) and non-brainstem (NBS) tumors, from 118 patients using next-generation sequencing technologies. Nearly one-third of BS-HGGs, also known as diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs), harbored somatic heterozygous missense mutations in ACVR1, coding for a receptor serine-threonine kinase involved in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. These alterations led to gain-of-function as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of downstream targets in primary astrocytes and zebrafish embryo ventralization. Whole-genome sequencing and RNASeq revealed that nearly half of our cohort contained structural variants. We identified recurrent gene fusions preserving the kinase domain of the neurotrophin family of receptor tyrosine kinases (NTRK) including three novel fusions and two fusions previously described in other tumor types. NTRK fusion genes were identified in 40% of infant (<3 years of>age) NBS-HGGs, and 7% of pHGG overall. We also found that infants have significantly reduced mutation burdens when compared to pHGGs in older children, suggesting a small number of oncogenic mutations are required in infant tumors. These findings, coupled with the observation that infants have a better prognosis than non-infants, make infant NBS tumors a distinct subgroup of pHGG. NTRK gene fusions also occur in pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) and adult glioblastoma but are not as enriched as they are in infant NBS-HGG, and adult glioblastoma and non-infant pHGGs exhibit higher mutation rates than infant tumors. NTRK fusion genes are therefore gliomagenic drivers throughout various development settings; yet it appears as if gliomas driven by the same oncogenic lesion can vary in tumor phenotype as a function of contextual differences. With this in mind, we used genetically engineered mice with a NTRK gene fusion knock-in allele to generate HGG in vivo. Given that tumor is evident by early postnatal life (P5), this is, to our knowledge, the first report of a bona fide spontaneous pHGG model. The second part of this dissertation is the characterization of these tumors. Document Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Program Biomedical Sciences Research Advisor Suzanne J. Baker, Ph.D.


Pt45Ru45M10/C (M = Fe, Co, and Ni) catalysts were synthesized and physical and electrochemical properties were analyzed by XRD, TEM, CO stripping and methanol electro-oxidation activity measurement. Among these catalysts, the Pt45Ru45Fe10/C catalyst exhibited the highest mass activity of 2.6 A/g catal. while those of the Pt45Ru45Co10/C and Pt45Ru45Ni10/C catalysts were 2.2 and 2.5 A/g catal., respectively. In the case of specific activity, the catalysts exhibited much higher activities of 110 (130%), 120 (140%) and 150 (170%) mA/m for the Fe, Co and Ni incorporated catalysts, respectively, than 88 mA/m of a commercial PtRu/C catalyst. # 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Legal protection is marginal for a large number of people globally due to war, persecution, torture, terrorism, statelessness and the very state of illegality from which undocumented migrants suffer great hardship. Right now, human rights violations are reflected in the largest number of refugees since the Second World War, according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. The ongoing humanitarian disaster unfolding along the borders of Europe makes refugees even more vulnerable to traumatic experiences and death during the flight and at the borders. This crisis affects various authorities such as police, immigration authorities and health professionals 'who are all facing dilemmas which occur in the middle of the ongoing, unresolved conflict of interest between human rights, healthcare, social welfare and the security and sovereignty of the modern state'. There is a risk of (further) polarization between the need for safety and well-being for the majority/host population and the need for safety and well-being for individuals and groups with a precarious juridical status in society. An example would be undocumented migrants and asylum seekers who seem to be particularly vulnerable with respect to their state of health, living conditions and lack of access to medical assistance, nursing care and social welfare. Barriers such as the discrepancy between human rights and national laws, limited awareness of human rights among health professionals, limited knowledge of healthcare needs among those with a precarious juridical status, no common understanding of what is defined as sufficient healthcare and payment terms in the established healthcare system are all factors significant to this. The discrepancy between human rights and national laws is particularly visible in countries where different laws make access to healthcare for, for example, undocumented migrants a risk because health professionals are obliged to report 'undocumentedness' to police and/or immigration authorities. In Germany, these obligations are due to The Residence Act which claims undocumented migrants must be reported to authorities if they seek public services and even criminalizes assistance of undocumented migrants, including healthcare, with a fine or imprisonment. In Denmark, the Danish Immigration Service is responsible for healthcare to those without legal stay if their address is known, but they are also obliged to inform the police of the address. However, nearly all countries in the world have ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), which includes the 'Right to Health' in Article 12. Norway did include this covenant in the law on Human Rights, which took precedence over other Norwegian laws in 1999. Also the Immigration Act in Norway (effective as of 1 January 2010) states that humanitarian assistance and medical aid shall not be criminalized, even if there are limitations for undocumented migrants' access to healthcare also in Norway due to, for example, payment terms, that such access is limited to emergency help, and that rejection of application for mental healthcare in the ordinary system of help in Norway is often explained with reference to the unstable life situation of asylum seekers and undocumented migrants. Thus, a two-tiered health service system may be said to be in place in which the


By the use of FE method, using the COSMOS-M system, we have analysed the damage done to the dome of the cathedral of Sibenik, a masterpiece of the Croatian Quattrocento architecture. Before that, an elaborate analysis of the whole structure was done, using more conventional analysis methods. Fortunately, the shell injury to the dome structure is not a dangerous one, but there was an immense luck, because the projectile has missed the rib of the dome, which could have had a devastating effect to the whole structural stability of the dome. To approach the damages to historical monuments, scientifif analysis methods shold be used to assess the damage and apply the most suitable sanation methods.


Four species of Trypoxylon were collected in sumac trap nests in Wisconsin: T. frigidum Smith, rubrocinctum Packard, striatum Provancher, and tridentatum Packard, the latter being found in one nest only. Nests of each species consisted of a linear series of cells constructed in borings of 3/16-, 1/4- and 5/16-inch diameter. The average number of cells in nests of T. frigidum and rubrocinctum was about six. Nests of T. striatum averaged five cells, as the cells were longer. The mother wasp provisioned a cell with spiders, laid an egg on the abdomen of one of the last spiders introduced, and sealed the cell with a wall of clay, thus providing a microcosm with shelter and food for each of the prog- eny. A variety of spiders was utilized as prey; most nests contained at least three species, two genera and two families. Theridiid spiders were preferred by T. rubrocinctum, whereas striatum relied miostly on Araneidae. The amount of food in cells was determined primarily on a weight basis. The period of larval growth was about one week. After the larva spun a cocoon, most of the remaining period in the univoltine life cycle of T. rubrocinctum and striatum was passed as a prepupa in diapause. T. frigidum had a summer and winter generation, with the summer generation requiring about one month. Reared adults were asso- ciated with cell location in the nest, and no consistent pattern of sequences of sexes was shown. The nests were parasitized infrequently by Chrysis verticalis Patton, C. pellucidula Aaron, Melittobia chalybii Ash- mead, and miltogrammine sarcophagids in the genera Amobia and Senotaenia.


The logistics concept was initially developed within the manufacturing industry and now constitutes an important management tool to ensure an overall strategic perspective on the flow of materials in the production process. This paper contends that this concept is also relevant to the construction industry, and describes the development of logistics methods to manage the flow of materials from suppliers to installation on-site, and its application to a Danish housing project. The case study evidence suggests that the focal points of logistics concepts are the interfaces between parties, exchange of information and the development across project organisational boundaries based on partnering-type arrangements. The management of the flow of materials from the logistics point of view also requires early planning of the selection of materials, and in more detail, than is required in the traditional approach to materials procurement.


The ZrC particles,which density is the same as that of liquid steel at 1650 ℃ and does not dissolve in steel,were added into 20Mn2 steel as deformation center and recrystallization center of austenite and deformation induced ferrite during hot rolling to refine grains notably(1~2 μm).Meanwhile,the effects of deformation strengthening,phase transformation strengthening,second phase strengthening and grain boundary strengthening were introduced to enhance σ b and σ 0 2 by 110.6 % and 163 8 % respectively without decrease of plasticity,compared to normal water quenched and low temperature tempered specimens of 20Mn2 steel.


In recent years, we have seen a growing interest in the ways in which a wide range of political actors with illiberal aims mobilize the broad and fluid concept of gender Verloo (2018). Scholars such as Agnieszka Graff and El_ zbieta Korolczuk (2022) have argued that the global and expanding phenomenon of anti-gender mobilization crucially taps into collective fears related to the perceived loss of culture and identity, increasing individualism, and the erosion of (imagined) communities in a fast-paced and ever-changing world (Graff and Korolczuk 2022, 15). Ov Cristian Norocel and Ionela B aluţ a (2021) use the concept of "retrogressive mobilization" (Bouvart, De Proost, and Norocel 2019, 5) to characterize anti-gender politics, which encapsulate illiberal mobilization against a range of issues and policy positions (e.g., sex education in schools, same-sex marriage, and abortion rights) by a "complicated assemblage" of actors ranging from both mainstream conservative and radical right politicians to grassroots movements and extremist actors (Norocel and B aluţ a 2021, 3). This Special Section was developed as a product from a one-day workshop in March 2021 organized by the Research Group on Populism, Anti-Gender and Democracy at the University of Stavanger, and the Center for Research on Extremism (C-REX) at the University of Oslo, where a group of scholars came together and presented their work exploring anti-feminist mobilization. Although the workshop captured discussions on gender-based mobilization in relation to illiberal politics across a variety of cultural contexts and platforms through the prism of various dominant understandings of gender, sexuality, masculinity, and femininity, this Special Section will focus on a smaller selection of these works and presents case studies from Norway, Turkey, Italy, India, and Brazil.


While most traditional user experience (UX) evaluation methods (e.g., questionnaires) have made the transition to the "wild", physiological measurements still strongly rely upon controlled lab settings. As part of an ongoing research agenda, this paper presents a novel approach for UX research which contributes to this transition. The proposed method triangulates GPS and physiological data to create emotional maps, which outline geographical areas where users experienced specific emotional states in outdoor environments. The method is implemented as a small portable recording device, and a data visualization software. A field study was conducted in an amusement park to test the proposed approach. Emotional maps highlighting the areas where users experienced varying levels of arousal are presented. We also discuss insights uncovered, and how UX practitioners could use the approach to bring their own research into the wild.


Clinical, X-ray, and instrumental data were analyzed in 14 patients with type III 3 radial head fractures, by applying the Mason X-ray classification modified by Hotchkiss. The Mayo clinic elbow performance scores and the Broberg-Morrey scores were used to assess the results of treatment. It is concluded that endoprosthetic replacement of the radial head can yield optimal functional results.


According to the experiment which is about physical and mechanical properties of straw fiber concrete under different dosage and different shapes circumstances using the same ratio,the effect for straw fiber concrete under different dosage and different shapes circumstances using the same ratio was got on compressive strength,splitting tensile strength,flexural strength,impact resistance,economy and so on,Test results showed that after joining the straw fibre,concrete compressive strength,splitting strength and flexural strength had declined,but the improvement in impact resistance;compared with traditional fiber,more economic use of straw fiber.Research on properties of straw fiber concrete therefore had certain significance.


In the world we live in today there is a large gap between rich developed countries and poor developing countries. This gap should not exist as there are sufficient resources to provide adequate health care, food, safe water, basic education and sanitation for everyone in the world. Unfortunately variations in access to these resources create different life opportunities, especially for poor, uneducated women living in developing countries. Individuals, groups, non-government organisations (e.g. Hope for Cambodian Children), governments (AusAID), and international organisations (United Nations) work to reduce inequality to meet the Millennium Development Goals such as halving the number of people living on $1 a day by 2015.


Phosphatase and tensin homologues deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN)-phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT/PKB) signaling pathways widely participate in regulating cell proliferation, cycle, apoptosis, and invasion. DJ-1/Parkinson gene 7 (PARK7) is a negative regulator of PTEN involved in affecting tumorigenesis, progression, and drug resistance. However, it is unclear whether DJ-1 abnormalities play a role in mediating leukemia drug resistance. The current study investigated the roles of DJ-1 in mediating doxorubicin (ADR) resistance in leukemia cells. An ADR resistant HL-60/ADR cell line was established. DJ-1 and PTEN mRNA and protein expression was tested and compared. Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. HL-60/ADR cells were divided into the siRNA-NC group and siRNA-DJ-1 group. DJ-1, PTEN, and p-AKT expression was detected. Cell apoptosis was evaluated via flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was assessed using EdU staining. Caspase-3 activity was detected using the appropriate kit. Compared with HL-60 cells, DJ-1 expression was significantly increased and PTEN levels were obviously reduced in HL-60/ADR cells. Under the same dose of ADR treatment, the proliferation activity of HL-60/ ADR cells was markedly higher than in HL-60 cells. Compared with the siRNA-NC group, DJ-1 and p-AKT levels apparently declined, while PTEN expression was significantly upregulated in the siRNA-DJ-1 group. Caspase-3 activity was enhanced, cell apoptosis was increased, and cell proliferation was attenuated when treated by ADR. Increased expression of DJ-1 plays a role in regulating PTEN-PI3K/AKT pathway activity and mediating ADR resistance in leukemia HL-60 cells, while interference with DJ-1 expression reduces ADR resistance in leukemia HL-60 cells.


Background:
 Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) are a tangle of abnormal vessels that directly shunt blood from the arterial to venous circulation and are a significant cause of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism, can regulate gene expression. Previous studies revealed significant correlations between BAVM development and DNA methylation levels of gene promoter regions in
 WTAP
 ,
 METTL3
 ,
 NOS1AP
 ,
 PLA2G7
 ,
 CDKN2A
 ,
 CDKN2B
 , and
 PDGFD
 . Therefore, we investigated whether genetic variants in these candidate genes are associated with risk of ICH at clinical presentation in BAVM patients.

 Methods:
 A total of 383 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were investigated using genome-wide data from 338 BAVM Caucasian patients, mapping within 20kb of the genes:
 WTAP
 (n=15),
 METTL3
 (n=12),
 NOS1AP
 (n=190),
 PLA2G7
 (n=15),
 CDKN2A
 /
 CDKN2B
 (n=22), and
 PDGFD
 (n=129). We used multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex, and 3 principal components to adjust for population stratification. The Bonferroni method was used to correct for multiple comparisons (p=0.05/383 SNPs=0.00013). RegulomeDB scores were used to identify putative functional variants.

 Results:
 Two SNPs were associated with increased risk of ICH with BAVM at nominal p<0.05 but were not statistically significant: rs1263806 in
 METTL3
 (OR=1.45, p=0.04) and rs1964052 in
 NOS1AP
 (OR=1.69, p=0.04). Ten SNPs were associated with decreased risk at nominal p<0.05: rs10757261, rs10757261, rs2811711, rs575427 in
 CDKN2A
 /
 CDKN2B
 ; rs528027, rs260866, rs260842, rs260850, rs7128670, and rs7113370 in
 PDGFD
 . No SNPs in
 WTAP
 and
 PLA2G7
 were associated with ICH (p>0.05). One SNP, rs2811710 mapping to
 CDKN2A
 /
 CDKN2B
 (OR=0.6, p=0.02), is predicted to be functionally relevant as an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL).

 Conclusions:
 Genetic variants in
 WTAP
 ,
 METTL3
 ,
 NOS1AP
 ,
 PLA2G7
 ,
 CDKN2A
 ,
 CDKN2B
 , and
 PDGFD
 are not significantly associated with risk of ICH presentation in patients with BAVM.


The book The Pattern of Australian Culture edited by A.L. McLeod is reviewed, noting that the anthology method of handling the topics lead to a lack of continuity, duplications and disconnection between the chapters. The manner in which the different authors writing on topics such as Australian education, and the impact of broadcasting, television drama, music, law, recreation and language on Australian culture express their frank opinions is appreciated. Review(s) of: The Pattern of Australian Culture, Edited by A. L. McLeod, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, and Cornell University Press, N.Y., 1963, pp. x + 486, incl. index, 60s. Includes footnotes.


A versatile diffraction synthesis method which combines the optimization technique and the physical optics analysis is employed to solve the problem of distortion compensation. Using this method, one may design various compensating feed systems such as array feeds and a shaped subreflector fed by a single feed in a unified manner. The effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated using an example problem involving a distorted paraboloidal reflector antenna.<<ETX>>


We comment on the theoretical uncertainties involved in estimating the hadronic effects on the light-by-light scattering contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, especially based on the analysis and results of Ref. 1. From the point of view of an effective field theory and chiral perturbation theory, we suggest that the charged pion contribution may be better determined than has been appreciated. However, the neutral pion contribution needs greater theoretical insight before its magnitude can be reliably estimated. The construction of an extremely high-precision experiment to determine the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, aμ ≡ (gμ − 2)/2, is underway at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). ⋆ The anticipated design sensitivity, ∆aμ = 4×10 , will, if achieved, be about 20 times better than the results from CERN, [2] corresponding to a magnitude 5 times smaller than the Standard Model weak corrections. If the theory of known contributions is sufficiently good, such a measurement would either constrain or reveal physics beyond the Standard Model. [3−5] To draw such an inference, or even to check the weak radiative correction, requires a highly accurate determination of hadronic contributions. The O(α) correction to aμ coming from the O(α) contribution to hadronic vacuum polarization to the photon propagator, has received a great deal of attention [3] since it is approximately 35 times larger than the weak correction. The systematic error on this contribution can be reduced to the level of accuracy of the BNL experiment by a more precise low-energy measurement of R ≡ σ(hadron)/σ(μμ), at VEPP-2M, [4] currently operating, or, in the future, at DAΦNE. [6] There are other hadronic contributions in O(α) coming from the O(α) contribution to the four-photon vacuum polarization tensor Πνρλσ, the so-called contribution from lightby-light scattering. At first sight, since hadronic interactions are strong, this would appear to be very difficult to determine accurately, but Kinoshita et.al. [1] have estimated this contribution to be 49 × 10 with an quoted accuracy of about 10%. If correct, this contribution is a bit larger than the anticipated accuracy of the experiment, but four times smaller than the Standard Model weak correction. The method of calculation employed elementary pion contributions to the hadronic amplitude, together with vector meson dominance (VMD) of the photon couplings to the pion. They noted that their results happened to agree with a one-loop calculation involving elementary quarks with constituent quark masses, but they did not place great store by this second method because it is sensitive to the choice of the quark mass and would not appear to be a correct physical picture for momenta on the order of mμ or so. Barbieri and Remiddi [7] have recently raised doubts about the degree of certainty to be associated with the magnitude of the hadronic contribution in light-by-light scattering. As this is important for the interpretation of the experiment and crucial for drawing inferences about potential new physics, it is the purpose of this note to stimulate further discussion ⋆ For a summary and review of earlier measurements, see, e.g., Ref. 2.


The work is devoted to a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the G20 and BRICS based on the results of monitoring the implementation of decisions on priority areas of cooperation. The authors come to the conclusion that at the G-20 level global issues related to the formation of international regimes for the regulation of the most important spheres of global governance are more effectively addressed: financial sector reform, investment regime, reform of the international trade system, reform of international financial institutions. Within the BRICS, specific tasks of social and economic development (access to ICT, the integration of small and medium-sized enterprises into global value chains, the development of electronic commerce) are effectively addressed. The development of common positions for their promotion in broader formats (in the sphere of reforming the international financial system, ensuring an open and equitable system of international trade), as well as regional security solutions, is being provided.


The construction of ecological civilization is put in a prominent position in the report of the 18th National Congress of the CPC.The requirement to build the ecological civilization in all aspects and the whole process in the construction of economy,politics,culture and society is an innovative statement of the strategy of the ecological civilization.The construction of ecological civilization is to build a socialist ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics and its goal is to realize the double standards of harmony and unity between "human and nature" and "people and people".The path of ecological civilization construction is to shift the mode of economic development,to build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society,to promote the system construction so as to establish a scientific and reasonable social system.


The present invention discloses a method for allocating channel, wherein the method comprises the following procedures: confirming the collocation parameter of a special scheduling requesting channel by a network side, transmitting the collocation parameter which is included in competing settling information; using the received collocation parameter by the terminal, applying the resource required for subsequent uplink transmission through the special scheduling requesting channel confirmed by the collocation parameter; and allocating the resource required for the subsequent uplink transmission through the application transmitted by the special scheduling requesting channel and the uplink scheduling signaling by the network-side receiving terminal and informing the network side of terminal to receive the special scheduling request channel application, and allocating the resource required for subsequent uplink transmission through the uplink scheduling signaling and informing the terminal. The method and system for collocating channel according to the invention make that the terminal obtains the requiring parameter collocation of special scheduling requesting channel through transmitting the parameter collocation of the special scheduling requesting channel along with various network side command to the terminal, thereby guaranteeing the normal operation of subsequent uplink transmission.


In this study, the relationship between ENSO and winter synoptic temperature variability (STV) over the Asian-Pacific-American region is examined in 26 CMIP5/6 model outputs. Compared to observations, most models fail to simulate the correct ENSO-STV relationship in historical simulations. To investigate the possible bias in the ENSO-STV simulations, two possible processes for the connection between ENSO and winter STV are examined in high pattern score (HPS) models and low pattern score (LPS) models, respectively. On the one hand, both HPS and LPS models can overall reproduce a reasonable relationship between STV and the mean-flow conditions supporting extratropical eddy development. On the other hand, only HPS models can well capture the relationship between ENSO and the development of extratropical eddies, while LPS models fail to simulate this feature, indicating that the bias in the simulated ENSO-STV relationship among CMIP5/6 models can be traced back to ENSO simulation. Furthermore, the bias of the ENSO simulation is characterized by an unreasonable SST pattern bias, with an excessive westward extension of warm SST anomalies over the western Pacific and weak warm SST anomalies over the equatorial central-eastern Pacific, resulting in the underestimation of the zonal SST anomaly gradient among models. Therefore, the ENSO pattern bias induces an unrealistic circulation and temperature gradient over the Asian-Pacific-American region, affecting the simulations of the ENSO-STV connection. In addition, the ENSO-STV relationship over the Asian-Pacific-American region is still robust in future projections based on HPS models, providing implications for the selection of future climate predictors.


The NachNaff scale, a 30-item questionnaire that requires subjects to choose between self-descriptions consistent with either need for achievement (n Ach) or need for affiliation (n Aff) was administered to 165 male and 274 female university undergraduates. Male marketing majors scored higher in n Ach (and lower in n Aff) than subjects in other majors. Female education and nursing majors scored lower in n Ach (and higher in n Aff) than other subjects. Males scored generally higher in n Ach if they were business majors, but lower if they were psychology majors, whereas females scored higher in n Ach if they were psychology majors, but lower if they were business majors.


These are the proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical Information and Mechatronics (ICEIM2011), held on the 23-25 December 2011 in Jiaozuo (China), which served as a platform for the exchange of related expertise. ICEIM 2011 drew together researchers from various disciplines, such as Sustainable Electrical Information and Mechatronics. The 177 papers are grouped into the chapters: Mechanical Power Engineering, Automatic and Mechanics Engineering, Optical Electrical Magnetic and Composite Materials, Mechatronic Systems Modeling and Identification, Mechatronics Engineering and Applications, Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Technology, Sensors and Detection, Fault Diagnosis and Signal Processing, Image Processing in Engineering Design, Computer-Aided Design and Simulation, and Systems Analysis and Decision. The work serves as a briefing on the current state-of-the-art of this important topic.


The invention provides a preparation method of 5,6-dimethyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl amino)-4-(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-group) pyrimidine and its hydrochloride. The method comprises the following steps: 1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline is reacted to 5,6-dimethyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl amino)pyrimidine to obtain quaternary ammonium salt, quaternary ammonium salt is not dissolved in an organic solvent, and is easy to separate the raw material with good dissolvability in the organic solvent and the generated by-product, thereby high purity 5,6-dimethyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl amino)-4-(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-group) pyrimidine and its hydrochloride can be obtained by reduction. The preparation method of the present invention has the advantages of simple technology and simple operation, and is used for large scale production.


Sampling Hungarian Theatre: The Katona Jozsef Theatre, Budapest.

Report on the annual showcase at the Katona Jozsef Theatre, held in Budapest from 30 May to 1 June 2014.

Single-authored review article.


A terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB) testbed for simulation of data broadcasting in wireless billboard channels (WBCs) is proposed in this paper. All transmission modes described in the standard have been implemented and tested as regards their applicability/ appropriateness for the establishment and operation of WBCs.


Submitted for the DFD19 Meeting of The American Physical Society An investigation of mixing ratio effects on a Couette cell granular flow using magnetic particle tracking method1 XINGTIAN TAO, HUIXUAN WU, UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS — Optical based methods are abundant in flow measurements; however, they can hardly be used in opaque environment. Therefore, a non-optical based particle tracking method — Magnetic Particle Tracking (MPT) —is investigated and three algorithms of data processing are analyzed. These algorithms are sequential quadratic program, extended Kalman filter (EKF), and particle filter. The reconstructed position and orientation of the magnetic tracer is compared with high-speed camera image result, and the accuracy of MPT with EKF algorithm is in the order of 0.6% in position and 1.5 degree in orientation. This technique is applied to study a sheared dense granular mixture in a Couette cell. The mixture comprises of spheres and cylinders (aspect ratio equals to 1). The trajectory and angle alignment of the tracer particle is reconstructed, and its distribution in the Couette cell is depicted. The effect of the mixing ratio on this Couette cell system is characterized by using finite time Lyapunov exponent between neighboring trajectories. 1University of Kansas General Research Fund Xingtian Tao UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS Date submitted: 01 Aug 2019 Electronic form version 1.4


The published theoretical data of few models (PHSD/HSD both with and without chiral symmetry restoration) applied to experimental data from collisions of nuclei from SIS to LHC energies, have been analised by using of the meta-analysis what allowed to localize a possible phase singularities of nuclear matter created in the central nucleus-nucleus collisions: The ignition of the Quark-Gluon Plasma's (QGP) drop begins already at top SIS/BEVALAC energies at around $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\,=\,2$ GeV. This drop of QGP occupies small part, 15\% (an averaged radius about 5.3 fm if radius of fireball is 10 fm), of the whole volume of a fireball created at top SIS energies. The drop of exotic matter goes through a split transition (separated boundaries of sharp (1-st order) crossover and chiral symmetry restoration (CSR) in chiral limit) between QGP and Quarkyonic matter at energy around $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\,=\,3.5$ GeV. The boundary of transition between Quarkyonic and Hadronic matter with partial CSR was localized between $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\,=\,$4.4 and 5.3 GeV and it is not being intersected by the phase trajectory of that drop. Critical endpoint of 2-nd order has been localized at around $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\,=\,9.3$ GeV, a triple phase area appears at 12$\div$15 GeV, a critacal endpoint of 1-st order - at around $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\,=\,20$ GeV, the boundary of smooth (2-nd order) crossover transition with CSR in chiral limit between Quarkyonic matter and QGP was localized between $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\,=\,$9.3 and 12 GeV and between Hadronic and QGP on interval from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\,=\,$15 to 20 GeV. The phase trajectory of a hadronic corona, enveloping the drop, stays always in the hadronic phase. A possible phase diagram of nuclear matter created in the mid-central nucleus-nucleus collisions are also presented in the same range of energies as for the central collisions.


There is a well-accepted consensus in the existing literature that the theory of church competition has been put on hold waiting for more theoretical clarification and empirical scrutiny. Church competition should be studied in line with the ecological and path-dependency perspectives. The main goal of this dissertation is to answer to this demand. Each chapter of this dissertation has its own goals. The goal of the first chapter is to study the interaction of religious competition and economic modernization in the Netherlands during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Religious competition between Roman Catholics, Liberal Protestants and so-called Orthodox Protestants was embedded in the process of economic modernization. While previous studies largely focused on a division between Catholics and Protestants, this chapter stresses the intra-doctrinal schisms within Protestant groups. Such divisions are known in the literature as pillarization. The first chapter aims to study the extent to which pillarization influenced occupational attainment of male workers.The goal of the second chapter is to explore historical legacies of pillarization in the Netherlands with respect to religious belonging. While previous studies have stressed the theoretical importance of path-dependency, very few of them have investigated this matter empirically. Most of the historical studies focus on the past, rarely modeling the long-term consequences of historical religious markets. This chapter analyzes whether religious competition in 1909 in the Netherlands influences religious belonging in the same country in the 2000s.
The goal of the third chapter is to address intra-doctrinal competition of the Orthodox Church jurisdictions in the context of post-Communist religious and national revivals. This chapter shows that intra-doctrinal competition of the Orthodox jurisdictions positively affected religious affiliations, church attendance, subjective religiosity, and praying at home among Ukrainians. This effect was particularly strong for individuals who preferred Ukrainian language.
 Overall, this dissertation confirms some old ideas that religious markets are indeed strong predictors of religious participation once a relevant context is properly considered. However, this dissertation offers some new ideas as well. It shows that intra-doctrinal competition is an important dimension of religious markets. Disagreements between Liberal and Orthodox Protestants in the Netherlands as well as between the Kyivan and Moscow jurisdictions of the Orthodox Church in Ukraine played a crucial role for economic, political and religious outcomes in these societies. Despite ample criticism in the existing literature, church competition theory is far from being irrelevant yet. Given the evidence provided in this dissertation, church competition theory remains a valuable part of sociological knowledge. The findings of this dissertation provide some questions for future research as well. Future studies could apply the proposed framework of intra-doctrinal competition to other Orthodox societies, which witnessed strong intra-doctrinal divisions, such as Bulgaria, Moldova, and Macedonia. However, this framework does not have to be limited to Orthodox Churches only. One may think about competition of different streams of Protestantism in Western societies, Sunni and Shia in Middle East, and Greek Catholics and Roman Catholics in Eastern Europe. Another line of future research could be connected with cross-national comparisons. Although church competition theory is helpful for understanding religious belonging and behavior in some countries, it is still difficult to employ it in a large-scale comparative perspective. Future studies could endeavor to study multiple contexts in one coherent theoretical and empirical framework.


Background: Azadirachta indica L., commonly known as 'neem' is a member of the Mahagony family, widely available in Indian sub-continents. Neem tree is popularly known for its vast therapeutic properties such as antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, insecticides and pesticides. The plant leaves are commonly used in several Ayurvedic formulations such as ' kwath ' and ' churna .' Due to its high therapeutic value, it is important to standardize and document the quality parameters of the plant leaves. The A. indica leaves were collected, shade dried and pharmacognostic parameters were performed using techniques such as microscopy, physicochemical tests, viz., extractive values, total ash, acid insoluble ash. Apart from this, pharmacological assays for antioxidant, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities were performed. Based on the assays and preliminary phytochemical analysis, best extract was selected for further compound(s) detection by HPLC and HPTLC. Results: Neem methanolic extract was found to possess various phytochemicals compared to hexane extract, the methanolic extract of neem leaves also exhibited excellent antioxidant and antidiabetic activity along with good antimicrobial against gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Through HPLC and HPTLC analysis, presence of rutin hydrate, ellagic acid, and quercetin was observed in the neem leaf methanolic extract. The pharmacognostic tests values were found similar to that of stated in IP-2022. Conclusion: This is one of the first kind of research to provide a comprehensive pharmacognostic profile of leaves of A. indica L. as well as its pharmacological evaluation along with compounds detection by high throughput analysis.


Stateful logic is a promising processing-in-memory (PIM) paradigm to perform logic operations using emerging nonvolatile memory cells. While most stateful logic circuits to date focused on technologies such as resistive RAM, we propose two approaches to designing stateful logic using spin-orbit torque (SOT) MRAM. The first approach utilizes the separation of read and write paths in SOT devices to perform logic operations. In contrast to previous work, our method utilizes a standard memory structure, and each row can be used as input or output. The second approach uses voltage-gated SOT switching to allow stateful logic in denser memory arrays. We present array structures to support the two approaches and evaluate their functionality using SPICE simulations in the presence of process variation and device mismatch.


This chapter confronts renormalization used in quantum field theory and that used in critical phenomena studies in statistical mechanics or dynamical systems theory. Regularization that cures spurious divergences is distinguished from renormalization transformations allowing to compute actual physical divergences. The former generates a group, and is also encountered in singular perturbation analyses in nonlinear physics. The latter generates a semi-group, and is implemented as a flow in a space of models; its analysis, focusing on fixed points and their neighborhood, allows to determine asymptotic scaling behavior, to delineate universality classes and to assess model structural stability (or instability, i.e. crossovers). The renormalization group can be seen as a symmetry group and a general covariant formulation is proposed. Aspects presented here show that renormalization theory has emulated a shift of focus from the investigation of outcomes of a given model to the analysis of models themselves, by relating models of the same system at different scales or grouping models of different systems exhibiting the same largescale behavior. So doing, not only (subjective and partial) models are distinguished from underlying physical systems, but also intrinsic physical features can be derived from model comparison and classification.


The paper discusses the problems and prospects in the application of psychology in an African country, viz., Zambia. Lack of comprehensive policy of the government on manpower development, training and finance, and lack of coordination and fragmentation of research activities between the different departments, institutions and associations have been analysed. There is also the problem of lack of sensitivity to the cultural realities. Priority research areas of psychology in Zambia have been identified.


This case is about a local food chain in India, Nirula's. As McDonald's penetrates New Delhi, Nirula's is faced with unprecedented competition from abroad. The small enterprise must be globally competitive in order to sustain competition from global players who are forcing it into a formerly protected market. One strategic option for Nirula's is to expand its plans for internationalisation.


Lassi was prepared by inoculating different combinations of starter cultures like LS1 - Lactobacillus delbrukii ssp bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum NCDC15; LS2 - L. delbrukii ssp bulgaricus, S.thermophilus, L.acidophilus NCDC232 and LS3 - S.thermophilus, B.bifidum NCDC15, L.acidophilus NCDC232 at 3% (1:1:1) into heat treated milk. Lassi was standardized to 10% total milk solids and 10% sugar by using probiotic dahi and sugar syrup. Lassi prepared from LS3 - S.thermophilus, B.bifidum NCDC15, L.acidophilus NCDC232 secured highest sensory score than the other combinations and the shelflife of lassi was increased by 6 days compared to control lassi prepared from L.bulgaricus and S.thermophilus. The increased shelflife may be due to exclusion of L.bulgaricus from fermentation process thus decreased post acidification during refrigerated storage increasing viability of probiotic cultures.


As globalization spreads, more foreign banks are entering into Indian market and the challenge before domestic institute is going to be much more severe in the years to come. Many Indian financial institutions are compelled to think globally. The changing workforce demographics concerns dual career couples, couples where both partners are actively pursuing professional careers. With the changes in workforce demographics, employee expectations and attitude also have shifted. Employees demand empowerment and expect equality with the management. Indian banking is likely to face challenges in implementation of Basel II, enhancing corporate governance, alignment of regulatory requirements and application of advanced technology. In order to meet the future challenges, banks need to work on capacity building of its workforce. Increasing rate of attrition is another challenge before this sector. To become competitive and leading institute in this competitive era, bank has no option but needs to adopt strategies that will enable to nurture the talent more effectively and profitably. The Public Sector Banks (PSBs) are now playing the role of catalyst in the process of development of financial system. However this difficult task can't be achieved without having high skilled and talented employees. Hence the exercise of talent management gained crucial importance.


The super-power Amplitron tube efficiently generates microwave power that is one hundred times greater than that normally used for microwave cooking. This high power output-plus the unique characteristics of microwave energy-in the final analysis will determine exactly where and how this energy will be applied to food processing. However it will require cooperation and a mutual educational program between food processing people and microwave people to take full advantage of the vast possibilities of microwave energy in large-scale processing of food.-R.P.A.-J.G.S. Super power microwave energy first came into being in May 1963, when at Raytheon's Spencer Laboratory a super power Amplitron tube delivered 425 kilowatts of continuous power at 3000 mc and an efficiency of 72%. This achievement was the result of a Department of Defense sponsored effort* to advance the state of the art of the average power generating capability of microwave tubes. Through increasing the power capability of tubes, the Department of Defense desired to improve the performance of military radar and communications systems. While the results of these efforts are now being applied to military systems, it now appears to us that the super power Amplitron may have even far greater impact on applications in the industrial field. Actually, there have been many diverse, weird, and wonderful suggestions for the use of microwave energy. Examples of some of the things that have been suggested to us are: (1) dissipating fog at airports, (2) drying wood, (3) softening of oil in tank cars and in oil wells, (4) piping energy into restaurants for cooking, (5) promoting nuclear fusion reactions, (6) converting poisonous gases into harmless gases, (7) treating cancer, (8) accelerating plant growth, and (9) electrical propulsion. Although many of the applications mentioned above are obviously not practical, very interesting things have been accomplished already with microwave energy. For instance: (1) rocks have been cracked with microwaves by the British, (2) l wood has been dried, (3) gases have been decomposed, (4) meaningful amounts of power have been transmitted through space, and (5) rapid cooking has been introduced. The major applications appear to be in material processing, plasma phenomena, and food processing. The evolution of the use of microwave energy somewhat parallels the historical growth and application of electricity. Electricity was first utilized for the purpose of signalling, as for example in the telegraph and later in the telephone. The next application of electricity was in lighting. Some time later it finally was generated in sufficient quantities suitable for use as &dquo;power.&dquo; Microwave power seems to be following a pattern of usage similar to electricity. For example, radar and communication are signaling functions and are currently the major applications for microwave energy. It is only with the recent development of the super power Amplitron that efficiently generated microwave energy has become available in sufficient magnitude to be considered for applications that are normally associated with the term power. ° United States Air Force Contract No. AF30( 602)-2205


Welcome to this edition of Architectural Science Review (ASR). It is the first of 2018. A number of issues have come acrossmy desk this year and reading the papers in this Edition reminds me of a number of challenges that face Architectural Science Research. Traditionally the research in this field has focused on the way the scientific phenomenaof heat, light and sound relate to architecture, and importantly the concepts and methodologies used in understanding these phenomena. However, these concepts and methodologies have been used to examine a range of challenges concerning the built environment and the human condition therein, be it the human subjective or objective response to that environment. In addition, different aspects of architecture are unpacked and researched using as their foundation the scientific method. Issues emerge in both the theoretical and the practical spheres for making buildings, urban planning, structural and environmental engineering to name a few. However, ASR has made and is continuing to make a significant contribution to some of the emerging challenges of the twenty-first century. Many of these challenges stem from the evolution of our buildings and cities in the face of changing environmental conditions. Roaf, Crichton, and Nicol 2005 in their book 'Adapting Buildings andCities for ClimateChange' set out the issues for this challenge. There is an important chapter in this bookwhere they discuss the evolution of buildings and h owpotential changes in environmental and social upheaval were brought about by climate change. They ask thequestionhowcanbuildings and cities evolve in the face of climate change? They use a case study of pre-modern and modern buildings in the Mediterranean as this is an area predicted to suffer from i ncreased summer temperatures. They note.


Improvements in bre optic communication and in VLSI for network switching components have led to the consideration of building digital switched networks capable of providing point to point communication in the gigabit per second range. Provision of bandwidths of this magnitude allows the consideration of a whole new range of telecommunications services, integrating video, voice, image and text. These multi-service networks have a range of requirements not met by traditional network architectures designed for digital telephony or computer applications. This dissertation describes the design, and an implementation, of the Multi-Service Network architecture and protocol family, which is aimed at supporting these services. Asynchronous transfer mode networks provide the basic support required for these integrated services, and the Multi-Service Network architecture is designed primarily for these types of networks. The aim of the Multi-Service protocol family is to provide a complete architecture which allows use of the full facilities of asynchronous transfer mode networks by multi-media applications. To maintain comparable performance with the underlying media, certain elements of the MSN protocol stack are designed with implementation in hardware in mind. The interconnection of heterogeneous networks, and networks belonging to di erent security and administrative domains, is considered vital, so the MSN architecture takes an internetworking approach. iii


Abstract This article seeks to provide insight into the formulation of non-governmental organization (NGO) and transnational advocacy network (TAN) campaign strategy. We argue that the history of previous campaigns comprises an important aspect of the political opportunity structure faced by NGOs and TANs. We also argue that when formulating campaign strategy, campaigners should not only consider the legacies of previous campaigns, but also how their current strategies could impact on political opportunity structure and thereby influence future campaigns. This article uses the case study of the movement against seal hunting in Atlantic and Northern Canada and considers the potential for collaboration between previous opponents on other environmental issues. We examine the history of the anti-sealing campaigns looking at the various actors involved, and the impact that these campaigns had on these actors and their current relations with one another. The case study demonstrates that the history of previous campaigns matters and that history is a vital component of political opportunity structure.


This paper presents an acceleration model of traffic resource utilization from psychological effects of car drivers on a single lane traffic resource. Two kinds of acceleration, boundary and fluctuation effects, which are of drivers effects are considered. The boundary effect, which is based on a hard sphere model, is an interaction that drivers feel the pressure from other cars in front or behind. The fluctuation effect, which can achieve the higher resource utilization in a hard sphere model, is to accelerate or reduce car speed randomly. The two effects are closely related to how we drive a car in highway traffic. We introduce several types of drivers depending on the two effects combined with two car moving types: a fast moving and a sure moving. We finally examine the traffic flow features, which include phase transitions, among their types of drivers by computer simulation.


pg. 2 Chapter 1: Introduction pg. 3 Chapter 2: Assessing Single Visit Pollen Deposition pg. 64 Chapter 3: Testing Pollination Syndromes: The Hummingbird Pollination Syndrome pg. 68 Chapter 4: Testing Pollination Syndromes: The General Hoverfly-Pollination Syndrome pg. 116 Chapter 5: Testing Pollination Syndromes: The BeePollination Syndrome pg. 140 Chapter 6: Testing Pollination Syndromes: The Oil-Flower Pollination Syndrome pg. 167 Chapter 7: Testing Pollination Syndromes: The Long-Tongued Insect-Pollination Syndrome pg. 187 Chapter 8: Testing Pollination Syndromes: The Generalist Pollination Syndrome pg. 242 Chapter 9: Scaling up Single Visit Pollen Deposition pg. 300 Chapter 10: Testing Proxies for Pollinator Effectiveness pg. 318 Chapter 11: Conclusions and Future Directions pg. 337


Abstract. The Reddish Egret (Egretta rufescens) is considered a species of conservation concern throughout its range, primarily due to high rates of coastal land loss at key nesting locations. Nest and brood survival, causes and timing of nest failures, as well as nest site characteristics and site selection were studied for three breeding seasons (2016-2018) on a natural marsh island in southwestern Louisiana, USA. Of 110 nesting attempts, 58.2% hatched at least one egg. During incubation, overall daily survival rate was 0.979 (± 0.003 SE), corresponding to 56.4% success from egg laying to hatching. For broods, daily survival rate was 0.993 (± 0.002 SE), or 72.9% success from hatching to fledging. Overwash was identified as the primary cause of known nest and brood loss, accounting for 48.9% and 27.8% of all nest and brood failures, respectively. Overall productivity for breeding pairs within the study area was 1.06 chicks/pair for all years. Data suggests that overwash from extreme high tides and wind can significantly contribute to lower reproductive success of breeding pairs but the lack of mammalian predators on the island may contribute to increased nest success, especially in years that do not experience high water levels.


This paper presents a closed loop Model Reference Adaptive system (MRAS) observer with artificial intelligent Nuero fuzzy controller (NFC) as the adaptation technique to mitigate the low speed estimation issues and to improvise the performance of the Sensorless Direct Torque Controlled (DTC) Induction Motor Drives (IMD). Rotor flux MRAS and reactive power MRAS with NFC is explored and detailed analysis is carried out for low speed estimation. Comparative analysis between rotor flux MRAS and reactive power MRAS with PI as well as NFC as adaptive controller is performed and results are presented in this paper. The comparative analysis among these four speed estimation methods shows that reactive power MRAS with NFC as adaptation mechanism shows reduced speed estimation error and actual speed error at steady state operating conditions when the drive is subjected to low speed operation. Simulation carried out using MATLAB-Simulink software to validate the performance of the drive especially at low speeds with rated and variable load conditions.


A chronicle of 1954, as seen from the Buick division of General Motors. The obsessional characteristics of the cars, with glittering chrome and slashing fins, were used as emblems of status and sex, mirroring the obsessions of the nation.