Losing a lot of blood during surgery using a conventional scalpel is something that is highly avoided. The purpose of this study is to replace the conventional scalpel with a tool that utilizes a high frequency whose duty cycle is regulated and then centered at one point. Researchers take advantage of the effect of heat generated by high frequencies which are centered at one point so that it can be used for the process of surgery and coagulation in body tissues so as to minimize the occurrence of a lot of blood loss. Researchers use a high frequency of 350 KHz which is set with a duty cycle of 6% on 94% off and is equipped with 3 levels of power selection and uses forceps as a medium to concentrate high frequencies at one point. The module design consists of a 350 KHz frequency generator, a pulse control circuit to adjust the duty cycle, a power control circuit as a power setting, a driver circuit to combine the frequency with the set power so that different outputs are obtained according to the settings, and an inverter circuit to increase the voltage. In this study, after measuring using an oscilloscope in the driver circuit, the average output amplitude at each low, medium, and high setting was 27.25 Vpp, 28 Vpp, and 28.625 Vpp. The results showed that the bipolar electrosurgery unit (coagulation) module as a whole can replace conventional scalpels so that it can minimize the occurrence of a lot of blood loss during surgery. However, the frequency generator and power selection need to be improved.


Abstract Extracts of Solidago virgaurea L. (European goldenrod), Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender) and Arnica chamissonis Less. (arnica) were tested as potential additives for methane fermentation in bioreactors, as it was hypothesized that their antioxidant properties may improve biogas production efficiency. Hence, methane fermentation of maize silage with the addition of tested extracts was performed in eudiometers, and both the biogas volume and methane content in biogas were measured. In addition, antioxidant properties, such as reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging activity, were determined spectrophotometrically. The results showed that only the addition of a goldenrod crude extract caused a significant increase in biogas yield, despite the fact that it presented the lowest antioxidant activity of the three tested species. No significant differences in biogas yield were found between the other two additives and the control. Biogas production efficiency was not correlated with the antioxidant activity of the crude extracts. Hence, the increase in methane fermentation efficiency in the case of goldenrod supplementation might have resulted from some other non-antioxidant compounds occurring in this species.


In the present paper,the primary evaluation of Chinese journal of materials science are conducted together with the analysis on the Journal of Materials Science and Engineering,based on the recent 5 years' data in Chinese ST Journal Citation Reports.The problems and challenges for Chinese journals in materials science especially the Journal of Materials Science and Engineering are discussed carefully.


Ayerza's disease was first fully described in a monograph by Arrillaga, of Buenos Aires, in 1913. Arrillaga claims that it is a morbid entity with a fairly constant clinical course and picture terminating with cardiac failure and an extreme degree of cyanosis, the latter feature leading him to give it the name " cardiacos negros." The subjects are adults. The predominant pathological change is sclerosis of the pulmonary artery and its branches. The lungs also show chronic changes, a fact which brings the entity into the group of cardio-pulmonary diseases. The aetiology and the cause of the extreme cyanosis have been regarded as somewhat of a mystery. Syphilis was formerly thought to be the cause of the pulmonary arteritis, but this has been disproved. Since the publication of this monograph a number of cases considered to be of a similar nature have been recorded under such titles as Ayerza's disease, pulmonary arteriosclerosis, and sclerosis of the pulmonary vessels. These cases form a motley group. They come from various parts of the world in small numbers, often single examples. The subjects are of all ages, many in very early life. In a few instances the aetiology is obvious-such as those cases with congenital cardiac lesions. An occasional case is claimed to be syphilitic. Many are ascribed to the endresults of chronic lesions of the lung parenchyma, thus belonging to the cardio-pulmonary group. When advanced


In this paper the subject is considered from an aerodynamic point of view and no discussion of the possibilities of structural integration of the engine and airframe in the sense of using parts of the engine to contribute to the structural strength or stiffness of the airframe is included, beyond the statement that the simplest consideration and roughest calculations suggest that the sort of deflections obtained on typical aircraft structures at full load do not seem compatible with the integration into such a structure of engines having rotating parts and fine clearances, although in the case of units such as ram-jets such structural integration may well be practicable and desirable. Another structural problem which leads naturally to the consideration of engine and airframe as a single unit is the problem of improving flutter characteristics by placing the concentrated masses of the engines in suitable positions relative to the wing.


Organizational transformation in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe is qualitatively different from that observed in the West because of concomitant upheaval in the institutional context. Drawing on organizational change theory, organizational learning theory, and institutional theory, I suggest an inverted U-shaped relationship between institution-level change and transformative organizational change. By integrating three theoretical perspectives in the conceptual framework of this article, I more fully explain organizational transformation in a variety of institutional contexts.


A mobile terminal, comprising - two physically separate, adjacently arranged display modules (111, 122), - to be above the two display modules and extends continuously contiguous extending across both display modules of time window panel (130) with a smooth outer surface, - a designed as a translucent conductive film touch sensing unit (140) between the window panel and at least one of the two display modules for detecting a touch of the window panel and generating a signal in accordance with the detected touch, and - a control device (180) which is adapted to control the mobile terminal in accordance with the signal generated by the touch sensing unit (140), wherein arranged one at an inner side of the window panel (130) layer (131), the two display modules (111, 122) separated from the outside optically from each other, wherein the top layer covers an area around the edges of the display modules, the window panel at a front housing (102) the mobile terminal is attached, and the front housing wherein a flexible printed circuit board connects a portion between a circuit board (150) and is disposed the window panel, and through holes (102a, 102b, 102c), and the touch sensing unit to the circuit board and by one of the through holes (102c) extends, which is formed at the front part of the housing so that it is invisible from the outside.


This paper describes our analysis and findings from a "big data" project associated with an international travel and tourism company obtained through the Wharton Customer Analytics Initiative (WCAI). Our dataset contains a large number of consumer clickstreams, their historical purchases, and the advertisements they were exposed to during their online activity among other attributes. Our analysis based on Markov Chain Model finds that a clickstream with a long click history does not necessarily provide better prediction than a clickstream with a memory of just one click. This finding is important because it has a potential to simplify the clickstream-based prediction models as well as lessen the concern for consumer privacy because of the non-significance of cookies in predicting the next click.


Abstract This paper addresses some aspects of low temperature stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in Inconel 600 steam generator tubing, a recent instance of which apparently resulted from the contamination of the primary coolant by sulfur compounds. The low temperature SCC of sensitized Inconel 600 was studied in concentrated and dilute solutions of tetrathionate and thiosulfate. The material tested was a tubing directly sensitized from the mill-annealed condition. Tests were performed using U-bends, slow strain rate, and constant extension. The results show that the propensity to SCC, especially its initiation, in thiosulfate is low and is much lower than in tetrathionate. However, when slow strain rate was applied in thiosulfate, or when the pH of the thiosulfate solution was lowered, the specimens cracked readily. Constant extension tests, where the extension was applied using dynamic straining with the solution present, caused cracking much faster than in U-bends, suggesting that U-bend cracking is initi...


Abstract Parameters of relevance to ion beam lithography and ion implantation masking have been determined for two polymer resists, PMMA and Microposit 23M. These have been bombarded with 50 keV As+ at low power densities in order to avoid blister formation. Loss of volatiles was found to cease and lateral stress (in PMMA) changes from tension to compression at a critical dose of 1015 ions cm−2. These parameters were measured using a triple quartz resonator technique (TRT). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data indicate a loss of oxygen in the bombarded resists by reduction of −C=O groups. The arsenic concentration, measured by Rutherford Backscattering (RBS), rose linearly with As+ ion dose with 100% retention of As+ in the resists. A dose of 2 × 1012 ions cm−2 was required for full exposure of PMMA and the developed step height was found to correlate well with calculated arsenic range data.


Abstract Mentoring is one of the most important services experienced speech-language pathologists can provide to the profession of speech-language pathology. The mentoring we provide today will imp...


Modeling, analysis, and control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have attracted the interests of mathematicians during the recent years. Several mathematical models exist and adequately explain the HBV dynamics as well as the effect of antiviral drug therapies. However, none of these models can completely exhibit all that is observed clinically and account the full course of infection. Besides model inaccuracies that HBV dynamics models suffer from, some disturbances/uncertainties from different sources may arise in the modeling. In this paper, the HBV dynamics is described by a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The disturbances or uncertainties are modeled in the HBV dynamics model as additive bounded disturbances. The model is incorporated with two types of drug therapies which are used to inhibit viral production and prevent new infections. The model can be considered as nonlinear control system with control input is defined to be dependent on the drug dose and drug efficiency. We developed treatment schedules for HBV infected patients by using multirate model predictive control (MPC). The MPC is applied to the stabilization of the uninfected steady state of the HBV dynamics model. The inherent robustness properties of the MPC against additive disturbances are also shown.


Objective: To examine the magnitude of isolated anti-HBc and other HBV serological patterns and associated predictors among adults seeking general health check-up at a large health center in Vietnam. Methods: All 564 outpatients seeking general health checkup between January 2016 and December 2016 were asked to undertake HBV surface antigen, surface antibody, IgG and IgM core antibody (anti-HBc total), platelet counts, and liver function testing. An administered questionnaire was used to collect information regarding demography, in-house sources of infection, lifestyle, health condition and treatment, and HBV vaccination. Results: Male gender (P=0.043), age (P=0.000), living in urban areas (P=0.040), HBV vaccination status (P=0.033), and ALT (P=0.040) were associated with isolated anti-HBc. HBV infection was associated with HBV vaccination status (P=0.001), ALT levels (P=0.010), AST levels (P=0.020), and platelet counts (P=0.007). Past/resolved HBV infection was associated with AST levels (P=0.005), ALT levels (P=0.014), and age (P=0.000). Conclusions: Isolated anti-HBc is quite prevalent. Predictors of isolated anti-HBc include male gender, living in rural areas, and HBV non-vaccination. The prevalence of isolated anti-HBc also increases with age. To timely detect occult HBV infection and prevent transmission, anti-HBc testing should be included in the health check-up for high risk individuals and screening program where HBV nucleic acid test is not available. To prevent transmission, clinicians need to pay more attention on those who are at risk of having isolated anti-HBc and closely follow-up patients with isolated anti-HBc and educate them about the prevention of HBV infection.


This thesis is a study of the construction and representation of typed models of quantum mechanics for use in quantum computation. We introduce logical and graphical syntax for quantum mechanical processes and prove that these formal systems provide sound and complete representations of abstract quantum mechanics. In addition, we demonstrate how these representations may be used to reason about the behaviour of quantum computational processes. Quantum computation is presently mired in low-level formalisms, mostly derived directly from matrices over Hilbert spaces. These formalisms are an obstacle to the full understanding and exploitation of quantum effects in informatics since they obscure the essential structure of quantum states and processes. The aim of this work is to introduce higher level tools for quantum mechanics which will be better suited to computation than those presently employed in the field. Inessential details of Hilbert space representations are removed and the informatic structures are presented directly. Entangled states are particularly important in this treatment, as is appropriate, since entanglement is a fundamental driver of quantum computation. The benefits two-fold: as well as producing foundational tools for the study of quantum computation this work also connects quantum mechanics to mainstream areas of computer science such as categorical logic, type theory, program language semantics, and rewriting. We describe, following Abramsky and Coecke, how quantum mechanics may be carried out without reference to Hilbert space, in a strongly compact closed category. In particular we show how to freely construct a categorical model of abstract quantum mechanics from an arbitrary category. We introduceMultiplicative Categorical Quantum Logic (mCQL), a sequent calculus whose proof rules capture the structure of compact closed categories. This sequent calculus is interpreted in a freely generated compact closed category, and its semantics is sound with respect to cut elimination. We define an equivalent graphical syntax, similar to linear logic's proof-nets, and prove that these proof-nets provide a full and faithful representation of any freely generated compact closed category. Further analysis of the structure of quantum states which correspond to mCQL proofs using multiplicative linear logic shows that the linear type system describes the quantum entanglement found in such states. We show that the entanglement present in these states is always of a particularly simple form: collections of entangled pairs. In order to tackle arbitrary entanglement, we generalise the work of Kelly and Laplaza to give a representation theorem for the free compact closed category by a polycategory. Such categories are shown to be equivalent to a generalised system of proof-nets whose axioms may have more than one premise


The utility model relates to the technical field of packer performance detection for oil and gas fields, and particularly relates to a packer performance detection device. The packer performance detection device comprises a force loading assembly, a pressure transmission assembly, a simulated sleeve assembly and a tail pipe assembly which are connected in sequence. The packer performance detection device has the beneficial effects that hydraulic pressure can be converted into a mechanical thrust, thereby applying a load to a rubber sleeve of a packer; a setting load of the packer can be kept after a pressure pipeline is removed; a reversing and centralizing mechanism can be provided for a mechanical transposition packer; whether the sealing performance and anchoring of the packer are good or not can be recorded and verified; simulated sleeves with different specifications can be replaced, thereby meeting detection for packers with different specifications; repeated assembly and disassembly can be carried out quickly, thereby realizing multiple pressure-bearing and anchoring tests for the packer; and the packer performance detection device is simple in structure, low in cost, convenient to operate, high in universality, and mainly applicable to sealing and anchoring performance detection for mechanical setting packers.


Abstract We describe the crossed syndromes of Millard-Gubler (facial palsy and contralateral hemiparesis) and Weber (oculomotor palsy and contralateral hemiparesis) in two children with tuberculous meningitis. The magnetic resonance imaging delineated the pathology in both cases and response to therapy proved favorable. In both children the cranial neuropathies resolved whilst the hemiparesis persisted. The cases highlight the importance of considering neurotuberculosis as a cause of hemiplegia alternans in endemic tuberculosis areas.


11010Background: Professional burnout is an important issue for the healthcare systems with potentially relevant consequences in the quality of patient care. Young oncologists are a special risk po...


Gives an account of museum insect pests taken from the nests of feral pigeons on the Museum and Art Gallery building at Kelvingrove in Glasgow. Discusses the significance of the presence of these pests for pest control in the museum.


Tatiana Markovskaia, ethnic Roma, was born probably in 1927. She joined the Lelchitsky Partisan Brigade at the end of 1942. The interview describes the atrocities of the Soviet "forect soldiers" - torture and murder of prisoners of war, the shooting of a woman whose fault was that she infected the commander of the detachment with an STD, and extrajudicial killings of former policemen (already in the territories occupied by the Red Army) - as well as drunkenness and debauchery, reigning in the ranks of those whom the neo-Soviet propaganda still calls "people's avengers" and participants of resistance - in fact - a kind of special forces, an advanced detachment of Stalinism at war.


Accessible online at: www.karger.com/crd Dear Sir, I enjoyed reading the excellent review article on rosuvastatin by Schuster [1]. The imaginativeness of the investigators in making up a galaxy of acronyms – ASTEROID, AURORA, COMETS, JUPITOR, METEOR and ORION – for ongoing clinical trials with rosuvastatin is truly amazing. Besides the six mentioned by Schuster, I would like to add three more: LUNAR which stands for Limiting UNdertreatment of lipids in Acute coronary syndrome with Rosuvastatin [2], ORBITAL which stands for Open label primary care study: Rosuvastatin Based compliance Initiatives linked To Achievement of Low-density-lipoprotein goals [2], and STELLAR which stands for Statin Therapies for Elevated Lipid Levels compared Across doses to Rosuvastatin [2]. Although Schuster capitalized the word galaxy in the title of his table 3, it really should not be, because it was not meant to be an acronym. However, I would like to propose that he consider GALAXY per se as an acronym for Goal Achievement in Lipid Attenuation is eXcellent for reducing coronarY events or Great At Limiting Atherogenesis by eXhibiting minimal metabolism via cYtochrome p 450. References


Excerpt] Leadership has been defined in many ways, but the essence of leadership involves influencing people toward a desired objective. Leaders do not push followers—they pull them. While management is often concerned about stability, efficiency, and control, leadership is focusing on innovation, adaptation, and employee development. Management focuses on coping with the day to day, while a true leader is looking into the future. A manager can develop a brilliant marketing campaign, create an innovative strategy for growth, and design the most efficient work processes, but if the followers don't engage effectively in the implementation of these initiatives, these efforts will fail. Leadership does not exist in a vacuum but emerges only with the consensus of followers. So, simply being in a leadership position does not automatically make you a leader. Instead, others decide whether you are a leader. In this chapter, I discuss how you can achieve this status.


Natural fibers can refer to all types of fibres only produced by nature. Their lengths vary from particles to long strands. Natural fibers are categorized roughly by six types, depending on the types of sources; base, leaf, seed, grasses, fruit and wood. Of these fibers, jute, flax, sisal and ramie are the most commonly used as reinforced materials in preparing polymer composites. In development and improvement of these composites, many studies have been implemented to overcome the drawbacks such as incompatibility, moisture problems and so on. The range of industry sectors of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites becomes more extensive gradually and many of the companies all over the world are engaged in fabrications or applications. This paper mainly discussed the recent status of the domestic/overseas market and research issues of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites. We made an exception of wood-polymer composites market which have played a great role because they had been often dealt with.


The paper is focused on the Fe for Co substitution effect on the redox and catalytic properties in the perovskite structure of GdFeO3. The solid oxides with the composition GdFe1−xCoxO3 (x = 0; 0.2; 0.5; 0.8; 1) were obtained by the sol-gel method and characterized by various methods: X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), N2 sorption, temperature-programmed desorption of oxygen (TPD-O2), simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The H2-TPR results showed that an increase in the cobalt content in the GdFe1−xCoxO3 (x = 0; 0.2; 0.5; 0.8; 1) leads to a decrease in the reduction temperature. Using the TPD-O2 and STA methods, the lattice oxygen mobility is increasing in the course of the substitution of Fe for Co. Thus, the Fe substitution in the perovskite leads to an improvement in the oxygen reaction ability. Experiments on the soot oxidation reveal that catalytic oxidation ability increases in the series: GdFe0.5Co0.5O3 ˂ GdFe0.2Co0.8O3 ˂ GdCoO3, which is in good correlation with the increasing oxygen mobility according to H2-TPR, TPD-O2, and STA results. The soot oxidation over GdFeO3 and GdFe0.8Co0.2O3 is not in this range due to the impurities of iron oxides and higher specific surface area.


Proton resonant states in 23 Al have been investigated for the first time by the resonant elastic and inelastic scattering of 22 Mg+p with a 22 Mg beam at 4.38 MeV/nucleon bombarding a thick (CH 2 ) n target. The low-energy 22 Mg beam was separated by the CNS radioactive ion beam separator (CRIB). The energy spectra of recoiled protons were measured at average scattering angles of θ lab ≈ 4°, 17° and 23°. A new state has been observed at E x = 3.00 MeV with a spin-parity assignment of (3/2 + ). In addition, resonant inelastic scattering has populated three more states at excitation energies of 3.14, 3.26, and 3.95 MeV, with proton decay to the first excited state in 22 Mg being observed. The new state at 3.95 MeV has been assigned a spin-parity of J π = (7/2+). The resonant parameters were determined by an R-matrix analysis of the excitation functions with a SAMMY-M6-BETA code. The core-excited structure of 23 Al is discussed within a shell-model picture. The stellar reaction rate of the 22 Mg(p , y) 23 Al reaction has been reevaluated, and the revised total reaction rate is about 40% greater than the previous result for temperatures beyond T 9 = 0.3.


Eleven isolates of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were isolated from soil contaminated with crude oil derivatives and petroleum-refining wastewaters and used to investigate the effectiveness of carbon reduction and biotransformation of phosphogypsum. One of the isolates (culture no. 10) was found to be very effective with 90% carbon reduction (measured as COD) and the simultaneous biotransformation of approximately 2.65g phosphogypsum/L in industrial petroleum-refining wastewaters.


In this work, the properties and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) characteristics of thin films of a new low dielectric constant (low-κ) oxide deposited using Flowfill chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology are presented. This oxide film consists of silicon dioxide network with methyl groups incorporated and has a dielectric constant K as low as ∼2.7. The film properties were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), spectroscopic ellipsometry, Rutherford backscattering, atomic force microscopy, and capacitance-voltage measurements. The refractive index, as low as 1.38, was measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The surface was found to be more hydrophobic compared to conventional CVD oxide. The stretching mode of the Si-O bond peak in the FTIR spectrum shifts to lower wavenumber, which corresponds to lower Si-O bonding energy, with increase in the methyl concentration inside the film. The CMP removal rate decreases as the methyl concentration in the film increases. An atomically smooth surface with root mean square surface roughness <1 nm over an area 2 X 2 μm was obtained after CMP. Our results suggest that the incorporation of methyl groups results in a reduction in the CMP removal rate. We speculate that the diffusion of water into the film is probably the CMP removal rate-limiting step.


The article analyzes the basic paradigms of psychology and put forward the thesis of the expansion of the subject area of psychology in the course of historical development, and describes the main features of integrative psychology. Highlighted in the article the new paradigm of psychology (transpersonal, communicative, integrative), make it possible to trace a vector of development of modern psychology as a multidimensional communicative environment that has intention to make a perusal of psychic reality.


Objective To study the relationship between the expression of P53 protein and the main clinical characteristics of the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Methods Immuuohistochemistry technique was used to test the expression of P53 protein in 54 cases of NPC specimens and 13 cases of chronic inflammation of nasopharoyngeal epithelium(CINE) specimens.Results The positive expression rate of P53 protein in NPC specimens was 75.9%,which was obviously higler than that in CINE(7.7%)(P0.01).The expression of P53 protein was significantly related to metasfases of cervical lvmph node in NPC(P0.01).Condusion The expression of P53protein is high in NPC,which was associated with increasion of tumor dissemination and metasfases.


Abstract α-Xanthyl cyclobutanones undergo intermolecular radical additions to olefins bearing various functional groups. Adducts containing a phosphonate can be made to cyclise by an internal Wittig–Horner–Emmons reaction to give cyclohexene and cycloheptene rings fused to the cyclobutane.


The production of charged pions, protons. and deuterons has been studied in central collisions of Ni-58 on Ni-58 at incident beam energies of 1.06A, 1.45A, and 1.93A GeV. The dependence of transverse-momentum and rapidity spectra on the beam energy and on the centrality of the collison is presented. It is shown that the scaling of the mean rapidity shift of protons established for between 10A and 200A GeV at the Brookhaven AGS and the CERN SPS accelerators energies is valid down to 1A GeV. The degree of nuclear stopping is discussed ; quantum molecular dynamics calculations reproduce the measured proton rapidity spectra for the most central events reasonably well, but do not show any sensitivity between the soft and the hard equation of state. A radial Bow analysis, using the midrapidity transverse-momentum spectra, delivers freeze-out temperatures T and radial flow velocities beta(r) which increase with beam energy up to 2A GeV ; in comparison to the existing data of Au on Au over a large range of energies, only beta(r) shows a system size dependence.


SB 210661, (S)‐N‐hydroxy‐N‐[2,3‐dihydro‐6‐(2,6‐difluorophenylmethoxy)‐3‐benzofuranyl]urea, is a potent and selective inhibitor of 5‐lipoxygenase. Its aqueous stability was primarily evaluated to support development of analytical methods and formulations. The results also add to the growing database on the stability of N‐hydroxyurea compounds.


Sports nutrition is a dynamic area that generates new concepts and data every day. The reason for this is the potential that nutrients have to improve performance through energy provision, recovery, attenuation of muscle damage and pain, prevent the occurrence of injuries, etc. All of these aspects are related to skeletal muscle metabolism. Some foods can provide specific nutrients in the correct form and amount in order to contribute to muscle metabolism requirements. In this concept, milk represents an interesting food that has demonstrated positive and significant results in muscle mass and strength when associated with resistance exercise in humans. In contrast, there are some discussions about milk intake that go against the well-documented effects relatedto sports science. The arguments used in such discussions mainly include: digestibility, intolerance, allergenic potential, and aspects related to its composition. Thus, can milk be considered an ergogenic food or a risk in improvements of skeletal muscle metabolism?


In this paper, a chip level ordered successive spatial and multiuser interference cancellation (OSSMIC) receiver architecture is presented for downlink multiple-input multiple- output multi-carrier code division multiple access (MIMO MC-CDMA) systems. The proposed receiver performs ordered layer space-time detection. Unlike the existing ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC) receiver, the proposed receiver cancels both spatial & multiuser interference in the SIC process. This allows detection in multiuser scenario, which is not possible in conventional chip level OSIC receiver. Simulation results show that the proposed receiver significantly outperforms both the existing chip level OSIC detector and the chip level linear receiver. As the proposed receiver only requires the knowledge of the desired user's spreading sequence, it is a viable solution for downlink MIMO MC-CDMA communications.


The invention provides a process for manufacturing novel TEM sample supporting film, which comprises the following steps of: depositing a silicon nitride film on one surface of a silicon substrate and depositing a mask layer on the other surface to obtain a SiNx/Si/Mask Structure; and manufacturing corrosion patterns by using a micro-fabrication process. When the process for manufacturing the novel TEM sample supporting film provided by the invention is used, the silicon nitride supporting film has the advantages of variable thickness, variable size and shape of the supporting film pattern, variable size of the silicon substrate, better flexibility and suitability for various requirements. The process for manufacturing the novel TEM sample supporting film provides more approaches for various novel experiments.


We consider lexicographic bi-objective problems on Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), where we optimize one objective while guaranteeing optimality of another. We propose a two-stage technique for solving such problems when the objectives are related (in a way that we formalize). We instantiate our technique for two natural pairs of objectives: minimizing the (conditional) expected number of steps to a target while guaranteeing the optimal probability of reaching it; and maximizing the (conditional) expected average reward while guaranteeing an optimal probability of staying safe (w.r.t. some safe set of states). For the first combination of objectives, which covers the classical frozen lake environment from reinforcement learning, we also report on experiments performed using a prototype implementation of our algorithm and compare it with what can be obtained from state-of-the-art probabilistic model checkers solving optimal reachability.


The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)is the main element upon which the sustainable biophysical and socio-economic organizations of the oasis ecosystem are based. The present study was carried to verify the statistical relaThe date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)is the main element upon which the sustainable biophysical and socio-economic organizations of the oasis ecosystem are based. The present study was carried to verify the statistical relationships between the characteristic parameters in terms of vegetative aerial architecture of the date palm. The vegetal material was composed of three Tunisians varieties of Phoenix dactylifera L., 'Barhi', 'Rochdi' and 'Kenta'. The observations are taken place in Gabes and on one pair of palms per main stem and offshoot for each cultivar. The analysis of the characteristic dimensions of the pinnae and nervure allowed the determination of a minimum sample. The geometrical analysis confirmed the existence of a significant correlation between rotation angles and radial angles.tionships between the characteristic parameters in terms of vegetative aerial architecture of the date palm. The vegetal material was composed of three Tunisians varieties of Phoenix dactylifera L., 'Barhi', 'Rochdi' and 'Kenta'. The observations are taken place in Gabes and on one pair of palms per main stem and offshoot for each cultivar. The analysis of the characteristic dimensions of the pinnae and nervure allowed the determination of a minimum sample. The geometrical analysis confirmed the existence of a significant correlation between rotation angles and radial angles.


The Local Volume Mapper (LVM) project in the fifth iteration of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-Ⅴ) will produce large integral-field spectroscopic survey data to understand the physical conditions of the interstellar medium in the Milky Way, the Magellanic Clouds, and other local-volume galaxies. We developed the Local Volume Mapper Spectrograph Control Package (LVMSCP) which controls the instruments for the operation of the spectrograph. We use the new SDSS message passing protocol CLU (Codified Likeness Utility) for the interaction, based on the RabbitMQ that implemented the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP). Also, asynchronous programming with non-blocking procedures is applied for the package since three spectrographs should be operated simultaneously. The software is implemented based on Python 3.9, and will provide the Application Programming Interface (API) to the Robotic Observation Package (ROP) for the integrated observation.


Several phenomena in hyperspectral imagery affect the ability to differentiate pixels belonging to similar classes. Sensor noise, pixel mixing at various spatial resolutions, bit depth reduction from conversion to reflectance, shadows, specular reflectance and class specific properties all complicate class differentiability. This paper presents a statistical testing method to aid in the separation of similar classes. This hypothesis test with variance as the parameter of interest is performed on synthetic and real hyperspectral imagery. The results show that statistical tests based on the model of the spectral presented here can sucessfully identify samples containing only a single class and those containing multiple classes.


tag=1 data=Resilience, vulnerability and alcohol in remote Aboriginal Australia. by Ernest Hunter

tag=2 data=Hunter, Ernest

tag=3 data=Aboriginal Health Information Bulletin,

tag=5 data=14

tag=6 data=November 1990

tag=7 data=16-24.

tag=8 data=ABORIGINAL LIVING CONDITIONS%ALCOHOL

tag=10 data=Aborigines of remote Australia are the inheritors of what Bill Stanner termed the 'Great Australian Silence'. They are the most disadvantaged group in Australia, and their discontent is largely hidden, contained or dismissed.

tag=11 data=1991/3/1

tag=12 data=91/0054

tag=13 data=CAB


Antimicrobial agents are essential to protect human and animal health. During the COVID-19 pandemic, antimicrobials such as cephalosporins were widely used as prophylactics and to prevent bacterial co-infection. Undoubtedly, the prevalence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment will ultimately affect the degree of resistance against these bacteria in animals and the environmental systems. In order to monitor sixteen cephalosporins in the aquatic environment, we developed a new LC-MS/MS method that functioned simultaneously under positive and negative ESI switching modes. The chromatographic separation has been implemented using a pentafluorophenyl propyl column kept at 40°C. The limits of detection and quantitation for the studied cephalosporins ranged from (8 × 10-4 ) to (7.11 × 10-2 ) ng/mL and from (2.61 × 10-3 ) to (2.37 × 10-1 ) ng/mL, respectively. The percent extraction efficiency (apparent recovery) and relative standard deviations for the analyzed cephalosporins ranged from 61.69 to 167.67% and 2.45 to 13.48%, respectively. The overall findings showed that the effluent from the wastewater treatment plants that receive wastewater from pharmaceutical factories had a higher detected amount of cephalosporins than that of domestic sewage. Moreover, seven cephalosporins, including cefuroxime, ceftazidime, cefradine, cefprozil, cefixime, cefalexin, and cefadroxil (0.68-105.45 ng/L) were determined in the aquatic environment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The Advanced Trauma Life Support program, or ATLS, is a trauma education system that has become the standard of care for initial management in emergent settings. Trauma is responsible for 10% of the world's mortality, and comes at extensive cost, often with significant morbidity and rehabilitation1. ATLS provides an organized language and approach to the trauma patient that can be communicated globally and has been shown to significantly decrease mortality in the first hour post-admission2. It was originally designed for use in low resource settings after a devastating accident involving an orthopaedic surgeon's family. The shortcomings in care that his family received spurred him to create an educational system that could be applied at any site.


The 7 International Workshop on Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics (IWACIII2021) Beijing, China, Oct.31-Nov.3, 2021 1 Abstract: To improve the prediction accuracy of key variables in the industrial process, a combined prediction model based on a double-reservoir echo state network with improved immune genetic algorithm(IIGA) is proposed. Firstly, a doublereservoir ESN(DESN) model is established, then partial least squares (PLS) is introduced to calculate the output weight of DESN model to enhance the ability to deal with multiple correlation issues; Secondly, in order to reduce the parameters randomness in double-reservoir and prevent the local optimization. IIGA is proposed to optimize the reservoir parameters, which introduces the opposite operator to expand the search range. Based on the above, a combined prediction model IIGA-DESNPLS is proposed; Third, the proposed IIGA is verified by the Griewank function. And the proposed combined prediction model is applied to the purified terephthalic acid (PTA) solvent system. The comparison results show that the combined prediction model has higher prediction accuracy and provides certain guidance for predicting key variables of industrial process.


This paper implements a remote control method based on B/S model. That is to create a Web server — Boa in the ARM's hardware platform and to develop a CGI form processing program based on the Boa. Finally we achieve dynamic Web interactive function between the PC and the target Board.


Background: The myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a membrane protein expressed on the outmost surface of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS). The MOG-antibodies (Abs) are detected in variable proportions of patients with different diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Neuromyelitis Optica/Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, bilateral optic neuritis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and anti-NMDA-receptor-antibody-associated encephalitis. The role of MOG-Abs in the clinical setting is unclear. Patient: We present a case report of a 15-year-old Caucasian schoolgirl thoroughly examined with a single episode of right-sided Optic Neuritis (ON) who tested positive for MOG-Abs. Magnetic resonance (contrast enhanced) revealed a thickened right optic nerve and a T2-hyperintense lesion in the periventricular white matter. The patient did not fulfil the diagnostic criteria for the above-mentioned diseases. The patient was treated with a course of high-dose methylprednisolone. Conventional cell-based immunoassays revealed that she was seropositive for MOG-Abs and seronegative for AQP4-Abs. Conclusion: The clinical implications of MOG-Abs are not yet clear, but MOG-Abs may detect a subclass of otherwise idiopathic ON patients negative for AQP4 Abs. This may have implications for treatment and prognosis of these patients.


Title Voltage Control via Residential Load Scheduling in Next Generation Power Distribution System [an abstract of dissertation and a summary of dissertation review] Author(s) 謝, 強強 Citation 北海道大学. 博士(工学) 甲第12649号 Issue Date 2017-03-23 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/65730 Rights(URL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.1/jp/ Type theses (doctoral abstract and summary of review) Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Xie_Qiangqiang_review.pdf (審査の要旨)


Often it has been observed that querying over a large corpus of RDF data possesses severe bottlenecks in terms of query response time or throughput. Most of the existing systems which are currently available are localized in a single node. As an alternative, query processing can achieve better performance results if we can introduce some parallelism into the process of evaluating the queries. This gains an edge over sequential query evaluation and has a significant enhancement over the response times. In this thesis work, we try to develop a baseline version of a distributed query processing system. This particular system architecture is distinctly different from other classic distributed RDF engines. Firstly, our system has an in-memory data management scheme unlike other disk based engines. Secondly, instead of employing an off-the-shelf distributed processing framework, we employ a framework based on Message Passing Interface (MPI). This was a critical design decision since, we are dealing with messages which are not just frequent but also large in number in the network. Hadoop, an implementation of Google's MapReduce framework or any other contemporary frameworks do not fit the purpose gracefully, since our architecture demands an asynchronous mode of communication between the nodes, with a lot of random access style lookup operations.


The task to observe a thermal scene and to measure its range traditionally requires two devices: - a thermal imager (TI) and - a CO2 laser range-finder (LRF) Simple investigations concerning these two systems exhibit a remarkable degree of commonality between both systems. The thermal imager as well as the CO2 laser range-finder receiver consist of an IR optics, an IR detector and normally a cooling engine. For a couple of years it has been the idea to combine (at least) some of the components of both systems. Looking closer at this idea, there are three areas of special concern: - there is a mismatch between the "instantaneous fields of view (F0V)" of the thermal imaging detector and the laser range finding detector by a factor of about 5 (linear) - due to the scanning inherent in thermal imagers there arises the problem of image motion during the time of flight of the laser pulse - the time constant of the detector of the widely used (US-) Common Module System Thermal Imagers is by far too slow to receive laser pulse radiation undistortedly. Electronic means to overcome this limitation are essential. The following discussion gives some details how to resolve the above mentioned difficulties. Compromises are necessary to overcome these problems.


The Extensional Domestic relies on a psychological exploration of dwelling to dissect my visual arts graduate research and corresponding projects. Traversing experimentally and anecdotally, I use the overlaying theme of domesticity to question the meeting points of apathy, indulgence, memory, and self-destruction within the intimacy of private space. Using my upbringing in the suburban American Midwest as a key to understanding the themes of my graduate work, I position the idea of home as a site for emotional learning, and unpack the psychological and material intersections within my arts practice.As individual projects are contextualized through contemporary material analysis, and diaristic omissions, I also call on canonical artworks, artists, philosophical and literary works to situate my practice. Esoteric architectural and psychological philosophies of spatial interaction are used to symbolically unpack the greater themes of my work. These examples intersect with storytelling and contemporary material investigation as a way to generate a dialogue about the contemporary commodification of domestic space. The presented research at once allows insight into personal projects, but also positions the various constructs of dwelling as tools for material awareness and self-psychoanalysis.


When the self-taught collector and bibliophile Charles Rogers, member of a coterie of connoisseurs which included Charles Townley, Arthur Pond, and of course Horace Walpole, was selecting master drawings from British private collections to be reproduced in his Collection of Prints in Imitation of Drawings, he included two striking Italian caricatures.1 Both of them belonged to him by the time his book was published in 1778. One was a self-portrait by the preeminent eighteenth-century caricaturist Pier Leone Ghezzi, which concluded the section of Roman Old Master drawings in the first volume. The second, a red chalk caricature of a group of artists


The five-year survival rate for oral cancer patients remains unchanged at 50%, and 70% of oral carcinomas present at an advanced T3 or T4 stage. The early detection of primary oral cancer, second primaries or recurrent cancer is important for improving the survival rates. Advancements in cancer research have led to the innovation of contemporary diagnostic tools for early oral cancer detection. Vizilite® and Glowsticks based on the principle of 'chemiluminescence' and Light Emitting Diodes (LED) are the latest diagnostic tools available for this purpose.


In humans, body fat is often estimated from body water. Measurements of the body water and estimates of the percent water in the lean tissue (WLT) are used to calculate the lean tissue which is then subtracted from body weight to estimate the quantity of body fat. The reliability of this method and the effect that pregnancy, obesity, fasting, and food restriction have on the body fat estimate derived from the mean WLT were assessed. Pregnant and nonpregnant rat carcasses were analyzed gravimetrically for water and for hexane extractable fat and the WLT was calculated. Mean WLT values differed significantly in pregnant and nonpregnant groups. In pregnant animals, prior food restriction or fasting significantly lowered the mean WLT. Estimates of individual fat content derived from the appropriate mean WLT varied from 63 to 332% of assay values. Thus body fat estimates derived from the mean WLT may be very inaccurate, particularly in fasted individuals.


Introduction.There is a need for detailed consideration of technological solutions of the constructed object while the process of the work projects' development (WPD). The features of WPD development are considered on the basis of the flare tower as a part of the flare installation of the oil refining enterprise. The problems of organizational and technological design (development of WPD) for such facilities' type should be solved many times due to the fact that there is a modernization of oil refining enterprises in the country. Moreover, the obtained results of calculations allow conducting more rational technological solutions for the construction of the flare tower and such solutions affect the period of the flare installation.Materials and methods.The technology of the flare tower construction as a part of the flare installation is quite complex due to the features of the unique structure and cramped construction site. Accordingly, the choice of technology for the flare tower construction is made by using the features of its design solution and by the detailed consideration of options for installation mechanization. The options are evaluated by using an economic criterion (reduced cost). The calculations are based on modern installation cranes recommended for usage on this type of unique structures.Results.As a result of technical and economic calculations of the flare tower construction technology, the method of its construction is chosen due to the rational version of installation mechanization. The paper presents the calculations' results of the given costs and the technical characteristics of the cranes. In addition, the technology of the flare tower installation is organized with the method of the tower blocks assembly.Discussion and conclusions.As could be seen, the construction technology by the mixed scheme on the chosen option is developed by the authors.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a power transmission fluid compsn. which has excellent low-temp. and high-temp. viscosity characteristics and a high shear stability from a base oil mainly comprising a mineral oil by compounding the base oil with specified amts. of specific additives. SOLUTION: The power transmission fluid compsn. has an oil-sol. boron content of about 0.001-0.1 wt.%, an oil-sol. phosphorus content of about 0.005-0.2 wt.%, and an oil-sol. metal content (as a metal additive content) of 0 to about 100 ppm, contains at least about 50 wt.% hydrogenated mineral oil of about 55-125 N, about 5-40 wt.% hydrogenated poly-α-olefin oligomer fluid having a viscosity of about 2-6 cSt at 100°C, and about 5-20 wt.% soln. contg. an acrylic viscosity index improver, a seal expansion agent selected from an oil-sol. dialkyl ester and an oil-sol. sulfone, an oil-sol. ashless dispersant, an oil-sol. friction modifier, and an oil-sol. suppressant, and has such viscosity characteristics as a Brookfield viscosity of 13,000 cP or lower at -40°C. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO


We have studied on the blood fat of those with age above 50 years who keep on doing aerobic exercises, with a comparison of the middd-aged and the seniors who do not do the aerobics frequently. It is found that incidence rates of the blood fat and the vascular disease for aerobic people are obviously lower than those who do not do the aerobic exercises. Therefore, improving the self-healthy consciousness of the middle-aged and the seniors and advocating them to do the aerobics will be good to reduce the incidence rates of the blood fat and the vascular disease and useful to health.


The paper provides a critical perspective on the economic thinking that has constrained economic and social policy in Australia over the last decade and a half. In particular, attention is focused on two arguments: the belief in the efficacy of labour market 'reform' and specifically, increased real wage flexibility, as part of the means of improving employment; and, second, the rationale for fiscal tightening in terms of the need to reduce public debt and increase national saving both as proportions of GDP. It is argued that neither of these arguments is sufficiently intellectually coherent to warrant their continued uncritical use as foundations of economic policy, and most importantly as key parameters constraining social policy. This critique highlights the need for a more robust foundation for policy to tackle unemployment as well as a fiscal policy based on a much clearer debate over the pros and cons of public debt — a debate in which social policy-makers must play an integral role. Discussion of policy alternatives also allows for a consideration of socalled 'third way' policies. Novel or non-orthodox elements in the set of 'third way' policies need to be considered outside the constraints of orthodox economic thinking; specifically, in the light of criticism of conventional views on targeting inflation and assignment of interest rate policy, independence of the central bank, the assignment of fiscal policy to external balance, and the appropriate time-path of public debt.


CTI is a new technology that has developed quickly with the developing of computer and communication technology. Relating to computer and telecommunic a tion technology CTI include many content and has been applied in many field. Th e key of CTI technology is that many technologies well integrate found on common protocol. Based on Internet, ATM and wireless network supporting multimedia me ssage is the developmental trend of CTI.


Si supports for cell culture were modified using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and bentonite in order to obtain 'sandwich'-like structures. A layer of PAA cast from water solution was followed with a bentonite layer also cast from water dispersion, then another PAA layer and so on up to six layers. The prepared surfaces had different physical and chemical properties like thickness, topography and elasticity. Chemical composition was characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The elastic properties and topography of modified sandwich-like surfaces were evaluated using nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy measurements. In the next step bone cells were cultured on such modified surfaces composed of one to six layers. The influence of the substrate surface properties on the growth and behaviour of human bone derived cells (HBDC) was studied. The influence of surface topography, elasticity and chemical composition on cells is discussed.


Combined with specific engineering, it introduces special geological condition in coast, illustrates construction process and technology including foundation treatment、stepped pre-cast、removal and dry sealing, it has good useful value which has been proved.


The invention discloses an application installation control method, a related system and a related device, which are used to achieve safety management of applications on a mobile terminal. The application installation control method includes the following steps: an enterprise management client on the mobile terminal receives an installation request for an application listed in a list of applications for free installation; in case the enterprise management client is for sure configured with an application blacklist, whether the application to be installed is in the application blacklist is judged, the installation of the application is prohibited if the application to be installed is in the application blacklist, and the installation of the application proceeds if the application to be installed is not in the application blacklist; in case the enterprise management client is for sure configured with an application whitelist, whether the application to be installed is in the application whitelist is judged, the installation of the application proceeds if the application to be installed is in the application whitelist, and the installation of the application is prohibited if the application to be installed is not in the application whitelist. The invention adopting the technical scheme can effectively protect the information security of enterprises.


In this paper a power-saving scheme for mobile Ad hoc networks based on IEEE 802.11 DCF is proposed.Under the proposed scheme,the source node will regulate the transmit power of the data packets dynamically by the use of a method of pre-estimation of average noise power and the feedback of RTS/CTS handoffs during the reception.The protocol analysis and the simulation of NS2 show that the power-saving scheme is efficient to decrease the average transmit power of packets without reducing the networks throughput badly.


The turn of the century appears to be a good time to examine the role of zoos and aquariums, both in the past and present, and to predict what role these organizations will play in animal management and conservation in the future. In this review three main trends are considered: (1) the loss of wildlife habitats and, therefore, wildlife, (2) the increase in the number of animal-welfare and animal-rights organizations, and (3) the continued urbanization of the Earth's human population. Several predictions and positive action points are given for each trend and if these are taken on board and developed, zoos and aquariums of the future may become leaders in conservation, education and science.


In this paper, the conception and the construction of classification maps (CMs) are discussed. Methods called Fp mapping and Sp mapping are proposed based on discriminant analysis (DA) and projection pursuit (PP). By these methods, an experimental data set with classification information can be mapped from multidimensional data space onto a series two-dimensional projection keeping the original classification structure in the process. These projections show intuitively the semiquantitative relationships between the study object and its controlling factors that we cannot observe directly from multivariate data space. Based on existing experimental data, these methods are useful in giving valuable suggestions on further experimental works. As an example, they were applied to the study of a kind of propellant material and a kind of welding material and were proven effective in the optimization of the material's performance.


Prologue: You the Tourist Section 1: Admiring the Panorama 1. The Tourist Today 2. Country-file: Tourist Nations 3. A Life in Travel 4. Life Change: Tourist Experience and Beyond Section 2: Focusing the Binoculars 5. Models of Tourist Behaviour 6. Economic and Social Influences 7. The Driving Force of Motivation 8. Logical Decision or Lucky Dip 9. In-use Experience 10. Fulfilling the Promise - Tourist Satisfaction Section 3: Enjoying the Slide Show 11. The Power of Brand and Celebrity 12. The Importance of Family 13. Of Fear, Flight and Feistiness 14. Giving Tourism - the Intangible Gift Section 4: Gazing Into the Crystal Ball 15. Limits to Travel? The Environmental Tourist 16. The Tourist Tomorrow Epilogue.


Although the response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to increasing atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentration and air temperature has been examined at the greenhouse or growth chamber level, no field studies have been conducted under the tropical, irrigated conditions where the bulk of the world`s rice is grown. At the International Rice Research Institute, rice (cv. IR 72) was grown from germination until maturity for the 1994 wet and 1995 dry seasons at three different CO{sub 2} concentrations (ambient, ambient + 200, and ambient + 300 {mu}L L{sup {minus}1}) resulted in a significant increase in total plant biomass (+31%, +40%) and crop yield (+15%, + 27%) compared with the ambient control. The increase in crop yield was associated with an increase in the number of panicles per square meter and a greater percentage of filled spikelets. Simultaneous increases in CO{sub 2} and air temperature did not alter the biomass at maturity (relative to elevated CO{sub 2} alone), but plant development was accelerated at the higher growth temperature regardless of CO{sub 2} concentration. Grain yield, however, became insensitive to CO{sub 2} concentration at the higher growth temperature. Increasing both CO{sub 2} and air temperature also reduced grain quality (e.g., protein content). Themore » combination of CO{sub 2} and temperature effects suggests that, in warmer regions (i.e., >34{degrees}C) where rice is grown, quantitative and qualitative changes in rice supply are possible if both CO{sub 2} and air temperature continue to increase. 24 refs., 6 figs., 4 tabs.« less


Underwater robots need to perform accurate positioning to complete their operations. However, the current commonly used underwater positioning methods are expensive, difficult to operate, and complex to recover. In response to the above problems, this paper combined the advantages of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) with strong concealment and stability, low camera cost and high accuracy in a small range, and applied a positioning technology based on the fusion of monocular camera and inertial measurement unit to underwater robots. In this method, the IMU will obtain high-frequency internal motion information of the robot, while the camera can obtain rich visual information. Using the VINS-Mono framework, the image information collected by the monocular camera could be fused with the IMU data to construct a monocular vision/IMU's tightly coupled nonlinear optimization model. Finally, the model was evaluated through experiments in the underwater environment, and it was proved that the model could meet the high-precision positioning requirements of underwater robots in a small range of shallow waters.


The aim of this paper is to provide a critical summary of the literature regarding the relationship between wage dispersion and sickness absenteeism. From a theoretical point of view, according to the tournament theory, this relation could be either i) negative, due to the incentive effect induced by the expected conferment of the largest reward on the most productive worker or ii) positive, because of adverse working conditions associated with the increased level of productivity required in order to obtain the reward. On the other hand, according to a group of theories based on fairness considerations, this relation could be i) positive, because of the lower degree of cooperation that results among the workforce, or ii) negative, if a higher wage dispersion is perceived as a sign of gratitude by the more productive workers. We present the very few studies we are aware of that analyze the influence of wage dispersion on sickness absenteeism, with particular attention devoted to the empirical results that have been obtained for the Belgian private sector. JEL Codes: M52, J31, J28, I19


Local seed systems, which supply about 99% of bean seeds in the east and central Africa regions, are progressively being supported as an alternative to facilitate the accessibility of improved bean varieties to farmers. However, these systems have been rightly or wrongly criticized for supplying substandard quality seeds. This study was carried out to assess the seed health of different seed grades from different sources of two popular Ethiopian bean varieties. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) were used to detect fungal and bacterial pathogens of the major bean seed-borne diseases. The ELISA test was used to assess the status of the bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). No fungal or bacterial pathogens were detected in the seeds. However, BCMV was detected in almost all sources except seed from one untrained farmer and one grain merchant. The study findings provide evidence about the capacity of the local seed system to produce and supply seed of an acceptable quality.


Objective To study the effects of allitridi on cisplatin( CDDP)-induced nephrotoxicity and explore its possible mechanisms in rats. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided in to three groups:control,CDDP ,CDDP+ allitridi.Then rats were killed on day 1,3,5 after CDDP treatment.Nephrotoxicity was assessed by measurements of body weight ,kidney index,the contents of blood urea nitrogen (BUN),changes in malondialdehy de (MDA) formation and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in kidney cort ex homogenate. Results Allitridi pretreatment would alleviate the CODP-i nduced changes of body weight,kidney index,BUN, and inhibit the increases of MDA formation in kidney cortex homogenate,and enhance the decrease of activities of SOD in kidney cortex homogenate in rats.Conclusion By oral administration,allitridi pretreatment can remarkably alleviate CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity.The mechanisms may be invol ved in antioxidation,scanvaging of free radicals,and enhancement of the activiti es of some antioxidant enzymes.


A rare lesion, osteosarcoma of the jaw with a good prognosis, from high dose therapy in the post operative period, is presented.Male patient diagnosed as osteosarcoma of the mandible (right side) was treated with a high dose of methotrexate along with VEPA therapy as post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy. This combined therapy was significantly effective without any local recurrence or distant metastasis observed in the 2-years follow-up studies. A review of the past literature was discussed.


Differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic viscoelastic and breaking stress measurement were carried out for gellan gum gels containing NH4I, NH4C1, NH4Br or NH4F. Breaking stress andstorage shear modulus G' of gellan gum gels containing NH4I, NH4C1 and NH4Br increased in proportion to an ammonium salt (0•`50mM) concentration. But in the case of gels containing fluoride ions, these increases were only observed for samples with low salt concentration and after the sharp drop of these values, then these increased again. The exothermic peak temperatures accompanying sol-to-gel transitions shifted to higher temperatures with increasing salt concentration. This has been attributed to the shielding of the electrostatic repulsion of carboxyl groups in gellan gum molecules by ammonium ions. In both thermal and rheological properties, gels containing fluoride ions showed different behaviors from those containing iodide, bromide or chloride ions. (Received Nov.8, 1993)


RpL35/uL29 is member of large subunits. It is shown that RpL35/uL29 participate in different processes in diseases and development. It is shown that RpL35/uL29 is important for ribosome mature. Many authors show that RpL35/uL29 is good indicator for diagnosis. Here we will describe role and function of ribosomal protein RpL35/uL29 in different cancer diseases such as colorectal adenocarcinoma and atherosclerosis.


Objective:We investigated caregivers' attitudes toward dementia, which may play a key role in the timely treatment and optimal care of people with...


At the very beginning of the expansion of the New Testament church into the Gentile world, Peter undergoes an experience that prepares him to make the cultural (and theological) jumps necessary for the expansion (Acts 10:9–16). His experience is normally referred to as a "vision." But I have come to realize that it must have been a nightmare for him. The story bears this out, since the awfulness of the nightmare emboldens Peter to exclaim "NO!" three times to God. Peter is not alone in his resistance to act graciously toward other cultures. We all tend to show less grace toward other cultures, especially those perceived as holding less power. This human tendency hinders healthy partnerships. At the global summit of the International Community of Mennonite Brethren (ICOMB) in 2016, which focused on churches partnering in mission and prayer, two keynote speakers called upon the denomination to renounce white privilege. An audible wave of shock, and then affirmation, swept the assembly. The group recognized that the gathering itself illustrated white privilege to some degree: the seven key speakers were white males, had ethnic Mennonite last names, and held graduate degrees, mostly doctorates. Missing from the roster were women, non-whites, and oral learners without formal education, to name a few—voices from the margins. The call was, and remains, timely. Today, when some Christians claim prosperity as a mark of God's blessing, this call reminds us of a dark side of prosperity and the power it offers. It reminds us that the power of privilege that prosperity bestows can hinder both fellowship and partnership. As Anabaptists have recognized, the call includes simple living, generous sharing, and openhanded hospitality. The New Testament ideal was a community where "there were no needy people among them."2 But there's more to the


The application of biomass char as a kind of soil amendment has an important role in soil water holding capacity (WHC), which has a close relationship with its own surface area, total pore volume, and porosity structure. In this research, the WHC and absorption properties of the chars were investigated. Two kinds of wood (poplar and pine) were pyrolyzed at both 450 and 550 °C to produce the chars for the experiments. The Boehm titration was used to measure the concentration of the functional groups. The surface area was determined through the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, while the morphological characteristic of the chars was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the total pore volume, average pore diameter, and porosity structure of the chars were measured by a mercury porosimeter. On the basis of the pore size distribution of the chars, the definition of the Soil Science Society of America was used as the classification standard. The results showed that there was a signific...


With the diffusion of digital intermediary platforms in the media space, platform technology has brought revolutionary changes to cultural and creative content, which has spawned new categories of creative workers, such as online celebrities. Such creative workers who rely on mental, spiritual, and emotional labor as the core in cyberspace have realized the labor upgrading from "digital odd jobs" to "digital spiritual jobs". Then it is worth pondering over how platform capital will achieve ideological control of digital flexible labor through hidden labor control. At present, there are a lot of research results on digital flexible technology, but the research results from the perspective of journalism and communication lack systematic theoretical elaboration. This article hopes to start from the local practice, and put the emerging communication phenomenon of digital flexibility in China in recent years into a specific social and historical stage scenario for investigation. Especially in the current situation, with the rapid development of short video, live broadcast and other digital cultural services, as a flexible force among short video producers, female short video producers not only focus on the general characteristics of the current digital smart groups, but also build on gender issues and femininity, Through the analysis of female short video producers, we can examine the survival status of digital workers from another dimension: on the one hand, we will conduct a more systematic investigation on the short video creative workers, a digital flexible worker group; On the other hand, from the perspective of visual rhetoric, we can understand how the female groups that were ignored or even deliberately suppressed in the past traditional society rose in the modern network society, gradually formed the network female group, and have female expression ways, and explore the development trend of the future female group in the network space and how to guide the female group more effectively and normatively.


The invention discloses a kind of rotary low impact to compress release device from separation, cut spring is compressed on upper end cover by compressor arm upper end by clamping cap, compressor arm sequentially passes through upper end cover, upper bed-plate, limited block and rotation lock valve, and compressor arm lower end is fixedly connected with separation nut, separation nut is fixedly connected with lower bottom base;Clamp nut is fixed with compressor arm, clamp nut limits the rotary motion of rotation lock valve by limited block;Equipped with unblock spring between the block of rotation lock valve and the block of upper bed-plate, during locking, cut spring and unblock spring are in its pre-compressed state, while the tapered teeth of rotation lock valve bottom is engaged with the tapered teeth face at the top of lower bottom base.The present invention can realize that both ends are connected the connection of object with separating, and in separation relative motion will not occur for connected object.


A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Educational Management, Policy and Curriculum Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of Master of Educational Administration Degree in the School of Education, Kenyatta University.June, 2019


Objective: To explore the most suitable teaching and learning pattern in medical school during COVID-19 Outbreak. Design: This study is a case-control study. We had tried to apply a new blended teaching model based on 5G network that combined team-based learning (TBL) and online interaction to the students before the outbreak and then universities responded to the COVID-19 outbreak by closing campuses and shifting to other forms of distance learning. In other word, the courses started using blended teaching model before COVID-19 outbreak and might last using other forms of distance learning throughout the pandemic. Five Point Likert Scale Questionnaires which contains 20 items were used, and the effect of the two kinds of teaching patterns was compared by evaluating the indicators of core competencies of students including professionalism, attitude towards learning, knowledge and learning skills, teamwork skills, motivation in learning, adaptability and acceptance of the courses and network environment. Setting: Our study based on a single center. Participants: Fifty fourth-year medical students receiving the 5+3 pattern courses regarding internal medicine were enrolled in the study. Exposure(s) :The teaching and learning patter started using blended teaching model before COVID-19 outbreak and might last using other forms of distance learning throughout the pandemic. Main Outcome: According to the descriptive statistical analysis of the first part of the questionnaire (question 1-16), the average score of adaptability and acceptance of the courses is 2.60 lower than 3, indicating that students are more adapted to other forms of distance learning during COVID-19 outbreak; the average score of the rest of the questions is higher than 3, indicating that blended teaching model based on 5G network is superior to other forms of distance learning. The number of male students who are inclined to the blended teaching model based on 5G network is 0.13 times as much as that of female students (95%CI:0.028~0.602, p=0.009). Results: Online forms of distance learning were accepted by the students. Female students had higher expectations on the course and were more likely to adapt well to the change during the COVID-19 outbreak. However, all students preferred the blended teaching model based on 5G network that combined team-based learning (TBL) and online interaction before the pandemic. Conclusion: It indicates that medical education based on 5G network that combined team-based learning (TBL) and online interaction is a more suitable option to teach medical students online. China's experience in online higher medical education may serve as a reference to other countries during the pandemic.


The utility model relates to an automatic forming machine for a stabilizer bar, consisting of an installation frame, a compressing device, two side compression forming devices and a twisting forming device, wherein the compressing device is fixedly installed at the middle part of the installation frame; the two side compression forming devices take the compressing device as an axle wire and are symmetrically and fixedly installed obliquely above the installation frame; and the twisting forming device is fixedly installed at the bottom of the installation frame below the side compression forming device. The automatic forming machine has simple structure, scientific design, simple and convenient operation, low manufacturing cost and high production efficiency, effectively solves the problems of slow forming and indentations during the processing and manufacturing processes of the stabilizer bar, effectively reduces the investment cost of equipment, decreases the workstation numbers of the equipment, and realizes energy saving and consumption reducing.


Annotated historical linguistic corpora need to be restricted in order to create a corpus large enough for the intended analysis on the one hand but not too large to hinder the realisation of the project on the other hand. The following paper will show that data from a smaller comparable corpus is required in order to optimize the scope of the new corpus.


This bibliography aims to assist legal practitioners, students and researchers navigate the diverse sources relevant to the Vietnamese legal system in the 21st century. Its focus is on secondary sources and does not include specific reference to Vietnamese laws. While the secondary sources listed are predominantly in English, consistent with the leadership of this journal, guidance on how to access Vietnamese laws and Vietnamese secondary sources has also been included. This five-part bibliography includes a limited listing of bibliographies; secondary sources on Vietnamese law published in Vietnam; secondary sources in English on Vietnamese law across 18 legal categories; guidance on how to access Vietnamese laws and a listing of Vietnam law-focused internet sites, including those that canvas law reform issues. Each of these categories is preceded by a short analysis of the material included. In particular, the authors suggest readings to enable new researchers to navigate the field quickly. With the exception of the 'history section', the emphasis in each category is on contemporary writing. The sources have been identified during the course of the authors' research and teaching on the Vietnamese legal system at the Asian Law Centre, University of Melbourne, Australia.


During the first half of the nineteenth century, the Brazilian Amazonia was marked by extraordinary political-military instability: its belated support of Brazil's independence (1823), the discussion on slavery and the explosion of the Cabanagem . During this period the leading figures were not only the Portuguese-Brazilian political elites, but also the different groups of fugitive slaves and natives who operated along the vast and complicated border areas, alert to revolutionary ideas coming from abroad, and who played an essential role in the construction of the specificity of northern Brazil.


The R & D results of manganese vapor laser as light source for high speed framing registration are presented. The high spatial coherence of this laser have been achieved by using of a conjugate cavity. High reproducibility of the coherent characteristics was observed at pulse repetition up to 10 s-1.


Social desirability bias (SDB) is the under-or over-reporting of behaviors by a respondent in order to appear more acceptable, or gain the approval of others. The presence of SDB in studies of software piracy behavior has been suspected for long. However, few studies have explicitly addressed this issue in detail. In the current article, results from a set of pilot studies are reported. These pilot studies compare software piracy behavior in experimental studies to responses of intentions to pirate in paper-based scenarios, under equivalent conditions. The comparisons provide valuable preliminary insights into the understanding of SDB in software piracy, and suggest the need to account for SDB research in software piracy studies.


Malware analysis is essentially used for the identification of malware and its objectives. However, the present era has seen the process of malware analysis being used for enhancing security methods for different domains of technology. This study has attempted to analyze the current situation and status of malware analysis in web application security through some objectives. These objectives helps the authors to analyze the purpose, used methodology of malware analysis in web application security previously as well as authors select and find a prioritized technique of malware analysis through a hybrid multi criteria decision making procedure called fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process. This fuzzy-AHP methodology helps the authors to find and recommend a most prioritized malware analysis techniques and type as well as suggest a ranking of various malware analysis techniques that used in web application security frequently for experts and developers use. Furthermore, second section of paper forecast the attack statistics and publication statistics of malwares and malware analysis in web application security respectively for understanding the sensitivity of topic and need of investigation. The proposed tactic intends to be an effective reckoner for web developers and facilitate in malware analysis for securing web applications. Additionally, the study also forecast the publication and attack scenario of malware and malware analysis for web application security that gives a complimentary overview of domain.


Adolescents, who are the fastest growing group of pierced individuals, have always searched for ways to identify with their peers and break away from their parents. The renaissance of body piercing has provided adolescents with an opportunity to accomplish this rite of passage. Patients with body piercing may seek care for reasons directly related to the piercing, such as infection, bleeding, nerve damage, or allergic reactions. In addition, body jewelry may create potential hazards or interference with diagnostic or treatment needs. 1,2 Awareness of these hazards and of the precautions one must take when treating a patient with body piercings is essential to providing high-quality patient care. History For thousands of years, the decorative alteration of the human body has been invested with profound cultural and social meaning. Each culture has attached its own significance, whether religious or magical, to these adornments. Egyptian pharaohs and Mayans were some of the first people to pierce their bodies, often for spiritual and virility rituals. 3 Roman centurions pierced their nipples as a sign of bravery and functionally as a means of attaching cloaks. 4 England's royalty practiced body piercing during the Victorian era. 5 Modern attitudes toward persons with body piercings can be traced to the writings of Cesare Lombroso, a criminal anthropologist living in 1896. He proposed the theory that persons with criminal behavior could be identified by their love of ornamentation. 6 Because of belief in this theory, combined with Western religious attitudes condemning the practice of marking the flesh, distaste toward the practice of body piercing remains prevalent. However, this longpracticed form of body adornment is gaining popularity in our community. Historically, piercing was an accepted practice, a way of being safe and secure by identifying with the cultural norm, and was not considered social rebellion. However, given society's current perspective of disgust and nonacceptance of the practice of body piercing, the significance of this practice has switched from a way of being compliant with the requirements of traditional society to a manifestation of rebellion against traditional society.


Under the background of national efforts to promote and encourage college graduates start their own businesses, the national colleges actively explore the teaching mode of entrepreneurship education in higher colleges,explore the teaching of entrepreneurship education content and teaching methods for meeting the business demand for talent in and vigorously implement the entrepreneurship education in order to solve the employment problem of the students in colleges. Therefore, the study how to make the effective implementation of entrepreneurship education in colleges is colleges currently facing the urgent need to address the important issue. The study faces the existing problems in the current teaching of the domestic colleges' entrepreneurship education by introducing task-based learning in entrepreneurship education teaching. Targeted at problems of present higher vocational students' innovation and entrepreneurship practice, this research constructs a practical model based on Task-driven Method according to the theory of task-driven teaching methods. This article focuses on the subject, aim and model plates construction of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship practice. Accepting tasks, promoting practice, creating opportunity, achieving entrepreneurship employment are emphasized, so as to provide theoretical and practical guidance for college students' innovation and entrepreneurship education. The Safeguard measures of practice model construction include respecting students' interests, strengthening practice training enriching practice carrier cultivating excellent teachers and


This paper describes the results of an empirical study consisting of five sessions where scenarios are written by two writers working in unison, for instance a usability specialist and a software developer, making it possible for them to explore and reach a common understanding of requirements and design ideas. The study demonstrates that it is possible to produce scenarios through Pair Writing and it gives examples of how two writers can inspire, adjust and learn from each other through Pair Writing.


High-level primary production (PP) sustainability in the Antarctic coastal polynyas has not been adequately addressed. We investigated the relationship between the Antarctic coastal polynyas phytoplankton biomass (as reflected by Chl-a) and the cloud cover, which dominantly influences the light conditions. Phytoplankton biomass in Antarctic coastal polynyas showed a robust correlation with the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the cloud fraction. However, a different relationship was observed between the phytoplankton biomass and the PAR. This relationship depended on both the ultraviolet (UV) radiation and the geographical location of the coastal polynyas. High intensity UV radiation is suspected to be an inhibitor of phytoplankton biomass. This indicates that the phytoplankton biomass is effectively limited by light intensity, which can be reduced by clouds, particularly midand high-level clouds, but it is not limited by light under high-level UV radiation exposure conditions.


The dependence of the magnitude of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) on ion-wave damping has been demonstrated in a high-{ital Z} plasma. The ion-wave damping is varied in a well characterized Xe plasma by varying the concentration of a C{sub 5}H{sub 12} impurity. The reflectivity of SRS is observed to be linear with the concentration of the dopant, demonstrating the effect of ion-wave damping on SRS. The measurements are consistent with models in which the amplitude of the SRS-driven Langmuir waves are limited by a secondary decay into ion-acoustic waves. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


Providing organizational guidelines for the innovator's consideration, a taxonomy of major functions and tasks within a high school organization, and a set of criteria for principals contemplating change, Buser and Stuck look at the possibility of organizational change suitable for smaller secondary schools.


Glycerol dehydrase is an enzyme which can be isolated from cells of a Lactobacillus species. This organism (No. 208-A) was isolated as a contaminant in an alcoholic fermentation. This particular organism has, at least for the distilling industry, the unfortunate ability to dehydrate glycerol to p-hydroxypropionaldehyde. This in itself would not be too serious except that, when aqueous solutions of p-hydroxypropionaldehyde are heated, a second molecule of water is lost and acrolein is formed. Therefore, taking account of the properties of acrolein, even relatively small amounts are highly undesirable. We, therefore, undertook to study this reaction more closely in the hopes that the knowledge obtained might lead to a practical method for controlling this problem. It was quickly learned that resting cells of this organism could metabolize glycerol with the formation of the hydroxy aldehyde. Getting cell free preparations to perform this reaction was progressing disturbingly slow until Abeles and Lee' disclosed that coenzyme BI2 was necessary for dehydration of 1,2-propanediol to propionaldehyde. In our earlier work we had observed that resting cells attacked propanediol as well as glycerol. It seemed, therefore, that coenzyme Bl2 might also be necessary for our system. Subsequent trials proved this to be the case. As a matter of fact we now know of at least two cofactors necessary for glycerol dehydrase activity. One, of course, is the cobamide coenzyme. We have tested three forms of this coenzyme and found them all to be active. They are the 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazoyl, the benzimidazoyl, and the adeninyl cobamide coenzymes. The adeninyl form appears to be only about one fourth to one half as active as the other two forms. Yet, curiously, the adeninyl coenzyme seems to be the one naturally made by this Lactobacillus. However, if relatively large amounts of cyanocobalamin are supplied to a growing culture of the organism, then 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazoylcobamide coenzyme is produced in fair yield. The second cofactor necessary for glycerol dehydrase activity is a monovalent ion such as (NH,)+, K+, or Rb+. The ammonium ion appears to be the most effective. In contrast, Na+ is quite toxic in cell free systems but this toxicity can be offset by increasing the ammonium ion content of the test system. TABLE 1 shows the effect of these two cofactors on the glycerol dehydrase system. Glycerol dehydrase operates at a considerably lower pH than do other dehydrases. Propanediol dehydrase operates best at around p H 8.0. Glycerol dehydrase on the other hand shows a pH optimum of 5.9. At pH


This work presents an investigation of CO2 absorption into aqueous blends of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and monoethanolamine (MEA), as well as 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) and monoethanolamine (MEA). The combined mass transfer–reaction kinetics–equilibrium model to describe CO2 absorption into the amine blends has been developed according to Higbie's penetration theory following the work of Hagewiesche et al. (Chem. Eng. Sci. 50 (1995) 1071). The model predictions have been found to be in good agreement with the experimental rates of absorption of CO2 into (MDEA + MEA + H2O) of this work and into (AMP + MEA + H2O) reported by Xiao et al. (Chem. Eng. Sci. 55 (2000) 161), measured at higher contact times using wetted wall contactor. The good agreement between the model predicted rates and enhancement factors and the experimental results indicate that the combined mass transfer–reaction kinetics–equilibrium model with the appropriate use of model parameters can e:ectively represent CO2 mass transfer for the aqueous amine blends MDEA=MEA and AMP=MEA. ? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


In this paper the faults of EHV parallel connection reactor are introduced in brief. Then, the paper proposes a novel protection theory of interturn fault based on equivalent inductance, and sets up the computer protection model based on energy loss function. According to the protection model, this paper simulates the interturn fault, external fault, no-load operation fault etc. with EMTP program, the simulated results display that the protection algorithm is effective.


Object detection and tracking is one of the most important areas of computer vision, as well as applications in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, due to the ultra-maneuverability of the UAV mobile platform, the image in the air is usually blurry and has a low signal-to-noise ratio, which is associated with the working environment. To solve the problem of detecting ground objects on the UAV platform, traditional methods of pattern recognition and classification are often ineffective. The visual attention model is a kind of bionic vision model with good stability. In the article for the detection of ground objects using UAVs, a method based on the visual saliency model is proposed, applied to a complex terrain background for object detection. To quickly isolate terrestrial features in aerial photographs, the extracted gradient function is applied to detect an area of visual significance, and then the target image is extracted using a segmentation algorithm. The subject of the study is the method and algorithm for detecting ground objects on the map of the underlying surface using the visual saliency model and object segmentation. The object of the study is a set of video sequences of terrain maps with different terrain. The novelty of the work is an algorithm that allows detecting ground targets based on an attention map using an object segmentation algorithm. A new method for segmenting objects in a video sequence is proposed. Experimental studies were carried out on the basis of video sequences of the map of the underlying surface with different backgrounds and an analysis of the results obtained was carried out. The results obtained make it possible to identify objects in the region of interest. As a result of solving the formulated tasks, the following conclusions can be drawn: An algorithm for detecting ground objects based on an saliency map has been developed. An algorithm for segmentation of ground objects based on a gradient map has been developed. An analysis of the results of the study showed that the proposed algorithm makes it possible to detect and highlight ground objects on a map of terrain with different terrain.


THP‐l‐derived cell lines were stably transfected with constructs encoding glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) ‐anchored or transmembrane forms of human CD14. CD14 expression was associated with enhanced phagocytosis of serum (heat‐inactivated) ‐opsonized Escherichia coli(opEc). Both the CPI‐anchored and transmembrane forms of CD14 supported phagocytosis of opEc equally well. Lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP) played a role in CD14‐dependent phagocytosis as evidenced by inhibition of CD14‐dependent phagocytosis of opEc with anti‐LBP monoclonal antibody (mAb) and by enhanced phagocytosis of E. coliopsonized with purified LBP. CD14‐dependent phagocytosis was inhibited by a phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3‐kinase inhibitor (wortmannin) and a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor (tyrphostin 23) but not a protein kinase C inhibitor (bisindolylmaleimide) or a divalent cation chelator (ethylenediaminetetraacetate). Anti‐LBP mAb 18G4 and anti‐CD 14 mAb 18E12 were used to differentiate between the pathways involved in CD14‐dependent phagocytosis and CD14‐dependent cell activation. F(ab′)2 fragments of 18G4, a mAb to LBP that does not block cell activation, inhibited ingestion of opEc by THP1‐wtCD14 cells. 18E12 (an anti‐CD14 mAb that does not block LPS binding to CD14 but does inhibit CD14‐dependent cell activation) did not inhibit phagocytosis of LBP‐opEc by THP1‐wtCD14 cells. Furthermore, CD14‐dependent phagocytosis was not inhibited by anti‐CD 18 (CR3 and CR4 β‐chain) or anti‐Fcγ receptor mAb. J. Leukoc. Biol. 62: 786–794; 1997.


A voltage controlled oscillator for reducing a phase noise is provided to reduce the phase noise by maintaining a source voltage of a transistor of a negative resistance unit stably. An LC tank unit(210) receives a supply voltage and oscillates first and second oscillation terminals for generating frequency control signals according to a control voltage. A negative resistance unit(220) includes first and second transistors for maintaining oscillating states of the first and second oscillation terminals by using negative resistances. A DC block unit(230) couples the first control terminal with the second oscillation terminal and couples the second control terminal with the first oscillation terminal. An AC block unit(240) includes a source resistance formed between junction terminals of the first and second transistors and the ground. A first bias unit(250) is controlled by the junction terminal in order to maintain a voltage of the junction terminal of the first and second transistors stably and to supply a first feedback voltage to the first control terminal. A second bias unit(260) is controlled by the junction terminal in order to maintain a voltage of the junction terminal of the first and second transistors stably and to supply a second feedback voltage to the second control terminal.