Pragmatics is the study of language use in the situation and actual context. Language in terms of its function accordance with the context when be spoken and not only in the form of words and grammar. Pragmatics generally refers to the use of verbal language so that one of its characteristics is a speech acts. This study aims to know kinds of utterances used to express locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts of advertising language in magazines. The writer used qualitative and descriptive method in describing the form of speech acts in the advertisements language. The result of the analysis showed that there are 29 utterances contain into locutionary speech act, 15 utterances contain into illocutionary speech act, and 6 utterances contain into perlocutionary speech act. Based on the analysis, the kind of speech act that commonly used is locutionary speech act, which is the utterances only informing, does not require participant to do an action.


Trios of adult Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus meridionalis were recently observed at a nest site in South Africa and have been observed regularly over the past three breeding seasons at a nest site in Lesotho. This is the first time that trios have been seen at a nest site in South Africa and documented for southern Africa. The observations were made during the annual nest site monitoring activities undertaken by various observers in both countries. In each case, observations were recorded during a period of up to


ABSTRACT For decades, scientific literature has highlighted the discomfort and delay of the transition to adulthood of the young generations of southern Italy. This article examines the experience of the current young generation, strongly disadvantaged by structural factors of their environment, like crime and unemployment, and by a familistic culture. This study involved 160 young people (age range = 18-34; sd = 4.242) living in the metropolitan area of Naples. They were asked to describe their emotional relations with their community of belonging, their family bonds and their aspirations for the future. Data were collected qualitatively and analyzed through a psychological textual analysis (Emotional Textual Analysis) aimed at capturing the emotionality through which these youths attribute meaning to their reality and make decisions. Results show a generation left alone with its goals; in fact, the presence of crime inhibits the ability to plan the future, while the family of origin is mostly focused on keeping the younger generations inside to defend themselves against the instability of the outside world. In these circumstances, relations with peers and higher education function exclusively as a condition of pervasive presentification, in which to continue living within the role of eternal young people and students.


The equivalence between optimal growth solutions and solutions of decentralized models of intertemporal allocation is explored in a one-consumer, heterogeneous capital goods framework. The decentralized economy follows a perfect foresight path. The main result is that the decentralized economy will impose on itself a transversality condition. This yields the interpretation of equilibrium prices as prices consistent with a certainty version of the efficient markets hypothesis. The results rest on the recent contribution by Benveniste and Scheinkman providing sufficient conditions for infinite horizon concave programs to exhibit capital value transversality as a necessary condition for optimality.


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Silicon MEMS microphones that offer small size, ease of integration with CMOS electronics, and the ability to withstand lead-free solder reflow cycles, are becoming increasingly popular for high-volume consumer electronic products, and are competing in price and performance with traditional electret condenser microphones [1]. The design of a MEMS microphone, consisting of a compliant membrane and a stiff back-plate forming a variable capacitor, is a challenging task with a number of design trade-offs [2]. For cost reasons, a small-area membrane is desired; however, lower acoustical noise is obtained with a larger membrane. In this work, we demonstrate a method to increase the SNR of a microphone system without the need for a complicated and risky MEMS die redesign. An SNR of 66dB is achieved using two microphones (instead of a single one) in a differential configuration, thus doubling the total membrane area.


Insects associated with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), was observed from 2015 to 2016 in four major pomegranate growing districts of Tamil Nadu viz., Coimbatore, Erode, Tiruppur and Karurat monthly intervals. A total of 31 species under two genera and sixteen families of six orders was documented. In addition, seven natural enemies in association with pomegranate pests were also recorded. Among the different functional groups, phytophagous groups were dominated, followed by predators and parasitoids.


CONDITION OF THE PARTS. The spleen projected from the side of the body like a huge fungus, completely overlapping on all sides the opening througi wlhich it had escaped. It was about two and a-half times its normal size, having contracted greatly daring the past fortnight; the splenic notch was well marked, though compressed somewhat, so that it appeared more like a fissure or depression than a notch on the inner side of the organ, and it was this appearance which in all probability misled the surgeon who saw the case originally. The internal surface of the mass was dark-red and granular in patches where slight ulceration had occurred; -the margins were thick, rounded, and hard, and below the under surface had, by its middle, formed a firm attachment to the skin, this central adhesion being about 6 inches in circumference; the whole mass bore a striking resemblance to a " Tam o' Shanter" cap. The union of the spleen with the cutaneous surface was very firm all round, except at one spot at its upper part, where there was an ulcerated opening which admitted the finger and led to the tenth rib, which was fractured, the broken edges being sharp and bare. In the immediate neighbourhood of this opening the adhesions between the skin and the spleen were soft and very vascular, bleeding on very slight manipulation; elsewhere they were extremely firm, so that their separation would have been a matter of great difficulty, and would probably have resulted in free hremorrhage. Hence, I decided not to attempt to free the organ by attacking the adhesions from without, but to undermine them from within. OPERATION. The patient was prepared for operation, and chloroform having been administered' on the morning of May i6th, I proceeded to operate, assisted by Assistant-Surgeon N. C. Dutt, and Hospital Assistants Shama Charan Tapadar and Kali Das Ghose. The mass and its vicinity having been rendered surgically clean, I made an oblique incision 2 inches to the inner side of, and parallel to, the original wound, and gradually dissected down to the pedicle (the splenic vessels), which was found without difficulty, and which was free on all sides. Round this a ligature was passed which would command the vessels in the event of hoemorrhage occurring from above. Dr. N. C. Dutt took charge of this. I then passed my index finger:from within outwards, reaching the spot which led to the fractured rib, and proceeded to break down the adhesions and free the organ from the point of least attachment. This led to brisk hlemorrhage, but the ligature was tightened and restrained the bleeding, and I then rapidly separated the adhesions all round, some of them being extremely firm. Separation being completed, a second stout silk ligature was applied just above the first for greater security, and the mass was removed with scissors. Having satisfied myself that the pedicle was thoroughly secured, I removed the sharp and bare ends of the broken rib with bone forceps, being careful not to wound the pleura, which was in unpleasant proximity to that bone. The wounds were then lightly washed with carbolic lotion; the lips of the recent incision were brought together with horsehair sutures; and the margins of the original wound, which were hard and callous, were freely scraped with a sharp spoon and brought into approximation with wire sutures; but I had very little hope of their remaining in coaptation. The parts were then dusted with iodoform, covered withi salicylic wool, and a broad bandage was applied round the body. The operation lasted about half an hour, and the patient rallied very satisfactorily; he made no complaint of pain, was in very good spirits, and was not sick.


A stray thought while reading this fascinating collection of essays: how to explain the disappearance of Festschrift? Has this category of publication been driven out by the fi nancial pressures faced by all academic publishers? (Nothing very compelling or sexy about a loosely conceived collection of essays.) Has the simple attempt of colleagues to honor a distinguished scholar been rendered somehow politically suspect (as if the scholar was some sort of "star")? Or has scholarship—just scholarship—now become a bankrupt ideal, a species of esoteric activity possible to engage in only by precious few at elite universities? Certainly, it is with good reason that in their introduction, the editors caution as follows: "Neither a Festschrift nor a tribute, this book uses Nelson's career as a focal point for a consideration of the politics of the academy" (3). If the fi rst prospect would have been too narrow, the second might have been too embarrassing—never mind the imposing fi gure of Cary Nelson himself, who of course is still very much alive, as knowing about the profession as any man alive, and arguably less solicitous of any sort of personal celebration. Nonetheless, something very close to a Festschrift shapes these pages. The subtitle of the book was—we are told—the title of a special conference at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The two co-editors teach there. Most of the contributors have either studied there or still teach there. Furthermore, many have either professionally collaborated with Nelson (most notably Stephen Watt) or have studied under him. More than once, a reader can be forgiven for having the impression of a group of people who have spoken to each other many times before. The original Illinois conference was subtitled "A Tribute." Such origins persist in the book, where several contributors go to some length to avoid seemingly to pay personal tribute to Nelson by instead remarking on how diffi cult he is (Paula Treichler receives a special acknowledgment by the editors for her "hard-earned skills in managing Cary") or how variously


Islam in the realm of culture has shown its unique dynamics. Besides being a cultural force, Islam, for example, has emerged as a resistance movement faced colonialism. In Indonesia, although Islam has become the "face" of the nation, its history has spawned several interpretations of thought which is viewed differently. This interpretation by itself has shown that the treasures of Islamic culture is not limited to understandings rigid theological and doctrinal alone. On the side of the paradox, Islam as a religion is a cultural force has caused the turmoil that is often unfairly accused. Adults have often campaigned that Islam as a religion of civilization has become a "threat" to the contemporary western world. As a cultural reality, Islam has always claimed to be a universal dimension and perform a variety of adaptations. In fact, in the development of its history, Islam often do contiguity are open to various local cultural areas targeted syiarnya. Islam also widened tolerant of local cultures. In a local view, we are certainly not too surprised, how Islam as a theology, for example, capable of combining with Javanese and Hindu syncretism understood that for centuries has been influenced each other. Islam as a culture has given a touch of "flexible and intimate" against the values of the local culture. By itself, this show Islam as a cultural reality has to ask himself. As far as can be mapped "cultural blindness" would occur in the region basically, that is the psychological dimensions-mental, so actuality cultured most Muslims are actually many detrimental to the development of Islamic culture. If Islam truly a religion that was revealed to the benefit of all the Worlds and its contents, it's time boundaries of formal-structural rigid avoided. Thus, it should be removed impression that when the advance of civilization and culture, it is precisely the religion (Islam) blocking it. The task of religion (Islam) should lead to progress and as he guided her. Keywords : Islamic doctrine, the Indonesian history, "modernity" of values, inclusivness


Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) was first described by Hinchley et al. [1]. It is a clinico-radiological condition comprising neurological signs and symptoms such as visual disturbance, headaches, seizures, as well as radiological evidence of white matter vasogenic edema affecting the posterior occipital and parietal lobes of the brain [2]. Initially, it was thought that PRES is caused by acute hypertension which led to failure in autoregulation, cerebral hyperperfusion causing vascular leakage and vasogenic oedema [3]. However, as 20-30% of PRES cases present with no hypertension4 additional precipitant have been proposed. We present a case of PRES following general anaesthesia and opiate toxicity.


SUMMARY Tanaka PP, Tanaka MAA - Hemoglobin-Based Blood Substitu-tes: Current Status and Perspectives BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Alternatives to red bloodcells transfusion have been studied since the fifties. This studyaimed at presenting current status and perspectives of hemo-globin-based blood substitutes. CONTENTS: Potential application areas are presented, in ad-dition to clinical studies involving major hemoglobin moleculesdeveloped, their advantages and limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Several randomized trials have shown effi-cacy in avoiding or decreasing red blood cells transfusions,however there are some limitations and the future blood substi-tute shall at least have the same safety and efficacy of blood it-self. Key Words: BLOOD, artificial oxygen carriers INTRODUCAO A pesquisa por um substituto sanguineo ideal foi motiva-da principalmente pelo desejo em atenuar os principaisproblemas relacionados com a transfusao sanguinea: a ne-cessidade de prova cruzada, o tempo de armazenamentorelativamente curto das celulas sanguineas, e a transmis-sao de doencas infecciosas


The quest for negative margins during head and neck oncologic surgery continues to challenge surgeons worldwide. Current technological advances offer significant promise to advance the field and improve operative margin detection. This review focuses on current optical technology, which has been evaluated for intraoperative margin control in head and neck oncologic surgery for possible application in optical margin control. Many of the current systems have technical limitations and there is no current standard technology being applied in the field of head and neck oncology to enhance intraoperative margin control. Surgeons continue to rely on intraoperative frozen section analysis, however many optical systems have shown high rates of sensitivity and specificity when discriminating benign from malignant tissue. These technologies shows significant promise for intraoperative margin control and may be enhanced by targeted molecular imaging, or spectral analysis, in the future. Translational trials are rare and are the key to the path of independence from frozen section analysis.


It is our pleasure to serve as guest editors of this special section n Green High Performance Computing (Green HPC) of Sustainable omputing: Informatics and Systems (SUSCOM). The growing scale of High Performance Computing as well s data processing systems has made issues related to power onsumption, air conditioning, and cooling infrastructures critical oncerns in terms of efficiency, operational cost, reliability, energy onservation, and environmental impact. High-end HPC systems oday consume several megawatts of power, enough to power small owns, and are in fact, soon approaching the limits of the power vailable to them. Furthermore, the costs of powering these HPC ystems runs into millions of dollars per year, and is only increasing s these systems target sustained Petascale and plan for Exascale. dding to these concerns, empirical data has shown that every 10 ◦C ncrease in temperature results in a doubling of the system failure ate, which reduces the reliability of these expensive systems. At he same time, the increasing proliferation of virtualization techologies and the consolidation of computing platforms for datand compute-intensive applications are providing new opportuniies for higher utilization and energy savings. As a result, energy fficiency and the tradeoffs between energy efficiency and perormance, throughput and other QoS requirements, have become mportant research challenges that must be addressed. This special section provides the scientific community a edicated forum for presenting new research, development chalenges, developing new techniques and advanced information echnology solutions in green computing for HPC systems, middleare technologies, power/energy models, programming systems, bstractions and runtime support. Aligning with the high-quality standards of SUSCOM, we were ighly selective and accepted only the top contributions in this speial section after a rigorous review process. We believe that these apers reflects current research trends and key issues related to reen computing and energy efficiency at different levels, including etwork servers power models, server clusters power management nd energy-efficient management of interconnection networks and torage systems. The accepted papers are introduced below: The paper "On the interconnect energy efficiency of high end omputing systems" is authored by Muthukumar Murugan and avid Hung Chang Du at University of Minnesota, and Krishna Kant t George Mason University. This paper deals with strategies for educing the energy consumption in large High Performance Comuting (HPC) centers by acting on the interconnection network. he authors propose a power-aware scheduling approach for the llocation of jobs to processors that maximizes the number of idle


The fate and transport of iodine in the environment is of interest because of the large production and release of {sup 129}I from anthropogenic sources. {sup 129}I has a long half-life (1.57 x 10{sup 7} years) and exhibits complex geochemical behavior. The main source of {sup 129}I in the environment is from nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities; about 2,600 kg from facilities in England and France. During 1944-1972, the Hanford Site in Washington state released about 260 kg {sup 129}I. Iodine has a unique and complex chemistry in the environment, and its fate and transport in aqueous environments is dictated by its chemical speciation. In reducing environments, aqueous iodine usually occurs as the highly mobile iodide anion (I{sup -}). Under more oxidizing conditions, iodine may be present as the more reactive iodate anion (IO{sub 3}{sup -}), which could lead to retarded transport through interaction with clays and organic matter. Co-existing iodine species (I{sup -}, IO{sub 3}{sup -}, I{sub 2}, and organoiodine compounds), in different proportions, has been reported in various terrestrial environments. However, there are conflicting reports regarding the environmental behavior of the different types of inorganic iodine and few publications on organic iodine compounds. This work examines the sorption andmore » transport behavior of both inorganic and organic iodine species in geological samples from several complexes of the U.S. Department of Energy, where transport of radionuclides, including {sup 129}I, may occur. Experiments on soils and sediments from the Savannah River Site in South Carolina, Oak Ridge Site in Tennessee, Hanford Site in Washington, Livermore Site 300 in California, and a surface soil from Santa Fe in New Mexico near Los Alamos were carried out. Samples from Savannah River Site and Livermore Site 300 are available from different depths. In addition, a surface soil of Wisconsin with a high amount of organic matter is utilized. This wide variety of sample types provides opportunities to examine the influence of organic matter, clay mineralogy, soil pH, and texture on the environmental behavior of iodine. The effects of initial concentration and competitive sorption on iodine transport are also investigated.« less


mism, and more broadly international security and international relations through critical approaches. Helped by a strong theoretical apparatus, Martini consistently develops throughout the book the construction of the global dispositif against terrorism and extremism, laying out the conditions that make it possible, the discursive tools that make it happen and the power relations that sustain it. Her empirical contribution to the study of international terrorism lays the ground for the study of the phenomenon at the United Nations more broadly and throughout other international organisations and highlights the need to delve into the processes that construct phenomena (and not simply the results or consequences of these phenomena). Her work will be of utmost interest to those seeking to better understand how terrorism came to be constructed and governed at a global level, but it also centres the importance of language and discourse as key to comprehending our political life, even more during this time when this phenomenon is taking new paths which are impacting our societies.


In the computer vision literature, the vision model used most frequently has incorporated Monge surfaces and either orthographic or planar perspective. In recent years, a vision model based on spherical surfaces and spherical perspective has arisen as an alternative that avoids the limitations of these standard models. In this paper we discuss the use of the spherical vision model in the study of optical flow for smooth surfaces.


Simple Summary The Sox gene family is a set of specific transcriptional factor (TF) proteins, with a very similar sequence compared to the sex-determining region Y (SRY), related high-mobility group (HMG) box genes found in mammals. The Sox gene family is involved in many important developmental processes, including sex determination. In the current study, an in silico analysis was performed to provide insights into the evolutionary importance, mutations and gene duplication events of the buffalo Sox gene family. Based on our analysis, we found that the HMG domain was highly conserved throughout the Sox gene family. Mutational analysis revealed twenty non-synonymous mutations with potential detrimental effects on physiological functions in buffalo. The current study concluded that the buffalo Sox gene family was highly conserved throughout evolution, and the non-synonymous mutations identified could potentially be valuable for the selective breeding of buffalo. Abstract The Sox gene family constitutes transcription factors with a conserved high mobility group box (HMG) that regulate a variety of developmental processes, including sex differentiation, neural, cartilage, and early embryonic development. In this study, we systematically analyzed and characterized the 20 Sox genes from the whole buffalo genome, using comparative genomic and evolutionary analyses. All the buffalo Sox genes were divided into nine sub-groups, and each gene had a specific number of exons and introns, which contributed to different gene structures. Molecular phylogeny revealed more sequence similarity of buffalo Sox genes with those of cattle. Furthermore, evolutionary analysis revealed that the HMG domain remained conserved in the all members of the Sox gene family. Similarly, all the genes are under strong purifying selection pressure; seven segmental duplications occurred from 9.65 to 21.41 million years ago (MYA), and four potential recombination breakpoints were also predicted. Mutational analysis revealed twenty non-synonymous mutations with potential effects on physiological functions, including embryonic development and cell differentiation in the buffalo. The present study provides insights into the genetic architecture of the Sox gene family in buffalo, highlights the significance of mutations, and provides their potential utility for marker-assisted selection for targeted genetic improvement in buffalo.


Metastases of malignant neoplasms to small bowel occur very seldom. Intussusception due to neoplasmatic metastasis which primary lesion localized out of abdominal cavity is atypical symptom, too. This paper presents the case of 55-year-old male patient, who had intussusception ileo-ileum because of non-small cell lung cancer metastasis to small bowel.


Various systems of reference magnetic fields generation on the basis of Helmholtz rings are offered. Construction features of software operated generators of rotating magnetic fields are presented. The technique of three-componental magnetometer calibration on the basis of Helmholtz rings spatial system with microprocessor control is offered.


We calculate QED and quantum-chromodynamics (QCD) radiative corrections to the fermionic decays of the Higgs boson, H ..-->.. l/sup +/l/sup -/ and H ..-->.. qq-bar. A novel feature of the calculation is that renormalization introduces logarithms of the fermion mass into the total decay rate. The order-..cap alpha.. QED corrections suppress the decay rate by a few percent. The order-..cap alpha../sub s/ QCD corrections to the hadronic decay rate for a heavy Higgs boson are large, and lowest-order perturbation theory is useful only for quantities in which the logarithms of the quark mass cancel, such as GAMMA(H ..-->.. 2 jets)/GAMMA(H ..-->.. hadrons). We obtain reliable corrections to the decay rate H ..-->.. qq-bar by summing the QCD corrections to all orders in the leading-logarithm approximation. The result has a simple interpretation in terms of the ''running mass'' of the renormalization group: The effective quark--Higgs-boson coupling is proportional to the running mass of the quark evaluated at the Higgs-boson mass.


In this paper, we are interested in the study of an inverse problem that occurs during the pressing of rapeseeds, where some physical parameters influence on rapeseed oil extraction yield. Our objective is to identify the consolidation coefficient of the press cake, the inverse characteristic time of consolidation in press cake, and inside the rapeseed in order to increase the rapeseed oil extraction yield. Three questions will be addressed: the identifiability, the identification, and the stability of the inverse problem. Finally, we provide numerical results to confirm the theoretical results.


Today economy developing deeply. The word's civilization also tends to several units. The Confucian civilization and ethic's united or respected traditional thinking model had been broken. So in the marketing economy in china, whether the Confucian thoughts can suit the needs of modern social development? Whether the Confucian thoughts have the existed value? The paper discusses the utilize of the Confucian thoughts in modern company management and considers that many of the Confucian thoughts have the referential value today without question.


With reference to the problems currently existing in the construction of hazardous waste landfill in China,the paper raises advices and recommendations concerning integrated design of landfills,type selection,divisional construction,antiseepage structure and gas training for discharge and points out the operating problems in the running of safe landfill easily confused with domestic waste landfill with the provision of relevant solutions.


The present invention provides a coating material, the starting materials nano-SiO The present invention further provides a passivated, galvanized material having a zinc-plated substrate, and a passivation coating which adheres to the surface of the galvanized substrate, and the passivation is the product that is formed by the coating composition is cured according to the present invention. The coating agent can the passivated galvanized material excellent in corrosion resistance, water resistance, high-temperature resistance, surface conductivity and adhesion between the passivation and the zinc plated substrate grant. In addition, the coating agent according to the present invention, no Cr


The singularity expansion method (SEM) is used to represent the current on a loaded loop antenna. The shift in the poles of the loop due to impedance loading can be analyzed using contour plots in the complex frequency plane of the Fourier modal impedance transfer functions. The same plot may also be used to determine a loading function which will yield a specified pole pattern leading to frequency or time domain synthesis. A simple example of time-domain synthesis is presented.


Noble metal nanomaterials with a controlled dimension and shape have attracted much attention for their unique physical and chemical properties such as tunable surface plasmonics, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), high-efficiency electrochemical sensing, enhanced fluorescence, and quantum conductance for the last decade. Surface plasmon resonance characteristics are highly affected by size, shape, and morphology of noble metal nanomaterials. In the case of silver (Ag) nanomaterials, plasmonic resonance absorption is typically observed in the wide spectral range from ultraviolet (for nanoparticles) to near-infrared (for high aspect ratio nanowires). Gold (Au) nanomaterials also have tailorable plasmonic characteristics, and there are facile accessible routes to synthesize well-featured nanomaterials. Recently, porous gold (p-Au) materials have been developed in different morphology and pore size in order to use them as good SERS substrates because nanopores act as SERS 'hot spot'. Porous gold materials are rationally synthesized through electrochemical gold-silver alloying and silver dealloying route. If the alloying-dealloying route processes in a cylindrical nanopore (e.g., in anodic aluminum oxide membrane), p-Au has a one-dimensional (1D) morphology (i.e., nanowire). Meanwhile, the composite form of gold-silver (AuAg) alloy has also been synthesized in the different morphologies of particle, wire, and cage in nanometer size. An alloy nanoparticle supported in a mesoporous matrix has been used as a catalyst for carbon monoxide oxidation. Unusual electron dynamics is observed in alloy nanoparticles due to a nonequilibrium electron distribution. A recent notable report is that AuAg alloy nanocage shows bright three-photon luminescence which enables ultrasensitive and high contrast imaging for biological samples (e.g., cells, tissues, etc.). Even though AuAg alloy nanomaterials have unique characteristics, there is still a limited study on molecular sensing application using them. In this study, we prepared AuAg alloy nanowires (NWs) through templating route using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, and used them as SERS platforms. AuAg alloy was electrochemically deposited in nanocylindrical nanopores, and then the AAO hard template was completely removed by a HF aqueous solution. The resulting alloy nanowires are dispersed in a cresyl violet acetate (CV) solution (1 × 10 M) under sonication. Raman spectrum was


The study examined non-formal environmental awareness creation and health education for improved environmental sanitation among market traders of Enugu and Rivers States. Two objectives, two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The descriptive survey design was adopted. The population is made up of 17,024 market traders who are members of the Major and Ultra-Modern Market Traders' Unions in three (3) L.G.As of Enugu and four (4) L.G.As of Rivers States. A multistage sampling technique which included purposive, simple random and proportionate stratified sampling techniques were used to sample 1,626 market traders in Rivers and Enugu States. An instrument titled Non-Formal Environmental Awareness Creation and Health Education for Improved Environmental Sanitation Questionnaire (NEACHEIESQ) was used for data collection. Face and content validity were ensured by experts. The reliability coefficient of 0.722 was established with Cronbach alpha statistics. Key Informant Interview was used to serve as compliment to the questionnaire for data collection. It was found among others that awareness creation, health education improved environmental sanitation among traders in Enugu and Rivers State to a high level. It was recommended among others that there is need for more sensitization and creation of awareness on the impact of using plastic containers and plastic bags to defecate and urinate inside the shops in order to curb pollution of their immediate environment; the traders should be given more orientation on the need to segregate their wastes before disposal.


Penetration graph is a kind of attack graph which is widely used in penetration testing. It is an import tool to analyze security vulnerabilities in the network. However, the previous research on the generation methods of penetration graph have met a lot of challenges. Some methods are out of date and not applicable for practical scenarios, some may possibly leave out the import attack paths, some do not consider the probability of exploitation of each attack path and some failed to solve the problem of circle path and combination exploitation. We propose an automatic generation algorithm of penetration graph that optimizes the network topology before generating the penetration graph, which can reduce the redundant information effectively. We combine the penetration graph generation method with the CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) information together, increase the reliability of each attack path. Experiment result shows that the method can generates multi-path correctly and effectively, which can clearly show the structure of network, facilitates the testers' analysis of the target network, and provides reference for executing penetration testing.


An industrial hot and cold balanced system control unit controlling method and apparatus for heating and cooling energy relates to a system for recycling the combination system control method and a control apparatus, and the cleaning plant cooling and dehumidification plant according heating plant, water hot and cold load state, the operation mode determining unit balance cold, cold and heat balance control unit into the cold heat balance configuration or configuration, in accordance with temperature and humidity and the temperature difference workshop deviation modular cabinet cold air fan coil and hot water speed fan coil frequency control can be achieved in the cooling and dehumidification dynamic control, to ensure stable temperature heating plant; cold balanced by the control means of the control unit, and heating load balance transfer, cooling and heating loads to meet the workshop and temperature and humidity requirements, to ensure effective cooling and heating load balancing, high utilization, low cost, efficient use of energy, sufficient energy savings.


Biological structures like wood can be pyrolysed to carbon templates and converted to SiC via carbothermal reaction. During the pyrolysis of wood to the carbon template the original porosity of the starting material can be preserved nearly completely. Silicon, necessary for the carbothermal reaction, is supplied as a liquid SiO 2 precursor into the porous carbon template. After conversion of the carbon template to SiC, the original anisotropic porous structure of wood is also preserved completely. The conditions of the pyrolysing process, the sol infiltration and the carbothermal reaction will be discussed. Also the influence of different source materials to the porosity and pore size distribution of the resulting SiC products will be shown.


so the main idea of relativity is that motion is relative to get a feel for that lets look at point A and point B and a car moving from one to the other now lets say that point A is moving away from point B you would need more speed to achieve the same velocity of the car originally and if point A goes nearer to point B you would need less velocity to reach with the car from point A to point B


Early in 1905, in order to supplement the Lloyd-Creak dip circle for obtaining magnetic intensities at sea, especially in loxv magnetic latitudes, the first of us devised a deflecting apparatus which could be readily attached to an ordinary liquid compass used in navigation, thus permitting the determination of the magnetic horizontal intensity direct, as well as of the magnetic declination.1 This "deflector" has been used throughout the ocean work accomplished on board the Galilee, 1905–'08, and on the Carnegie, 1909–'13, by the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. The purpose of the present paper is to describe briefly the development of this instrument; it may be recalled that when it was first devised, Bidlingmaier's "double compass" had not yet been perfected and, even if it had been, it would not have answered our special requirements, chief among which was that of simplicity, both from the standpoint of instrumental detail and that of computation and availability of the instrument for both declination and horizontal intensity work.


Investigations in recent years by a number of workers have revealed a group of viral agents morphologically similar to the viruses of psittacosis and lymphogranuloma venereum. These agents form elementary bodies and appear to undergo a definite life cycle.' Included in the group are the viruses of psittacosis, ornithosis, human pneumonitis (strain S-F2), meningopneumonitis, lymphogranuloma venereum, feline pneumonitis (Baker),3'4 mouse pneumonitis, trachoma and inclusion blenorrhea. These agents are markedly alike in that they possess similar developmental forms, tinctorial characteristics'J, and closely related antigenic components as revealed by the complement fixation test.2,'-12 Interest in the psittacosislymphogranuloma group has been stimulated through recognition of the frequency of infections in human beings with several of these agents.2,7,13"4,15" The need for laboratory procedures which might facilitate the identifica-


Summary Techniques were developed to sample grazed forage with steers, using both esophageal and rumen fistulas. Comparisons between feeds of known composition and samples collected from these same feeds through fistulas indicated that some changes in composition occurred. These changes in composition of certain constituents were influenced by the type of feed and type of fistula. Regression equations for the various changes were calculated. The relative amounts of organic constituents were modified by fistula sampling. The amount of protein and ether extract was the same in the fistula sample as the feed, but significant changes were noted in the amount of crude fiber, NFE, and energy. Fistula samples were highly contaminated with mineral matter. The composition and amount of saliva secreted while consuming a sample of forage was investigated, to explain some of the chemical changes noted in fistula samples. Repeated feed sampling on the same day with the same animal had little effect on the composition of fistula samples. Due to the high variation between feeds, and the generally high correlations between feed and fistula samples, it was felt that the fistula sample represents the best estimate of the foraging animal's diet until adequate comparisons of grazed forage have been made. Fistulated animals were used as sampling agents on pasture. The fistula sample could be separated botanically, between grasses and broad-leaved plants.


A new value for the depolarization ratio of pure water has been measured at 514.5 nm using an argon ion laser light source and photon counting detection. This depolarization ratio is lower than any previous literature value by a substantial amount. Stray light and photometer geometry are shown to be responsible for overestimated values reported previously. The depolarization ratio is also shown to be a function of the portion of the spectrum being investigated. With no filters we find ρv=0.026. The magnitude of error due to finite acceptance angle is calculated and shown to be substantial. Depolarization ratios using 0.46 and 22.5 nm filters (half‐peak bandwidth) are reported.


In Major League Baseball (MLB), the pitcher is often regarded as one of the most influential players on the team; a dominant pitcher has the ability to shutdown an opposing team and control the game. As a result, the ability to predict the next pitch can give a team a considerable competitive advantage; so much so, that controversy has recently developed in the MLB around teams attempting to identify signals exchanged between the opposing pitcher and catcher that relay information regarding the type of the next pitch to be thrown. And while the MLB has officially prohibited attempts to steal signs from opposing teams, their recent decision to allow iPads in the dugout has opened the door for the use of predictive modeling techniques in baseball. The MLB tracks data on every game played, which is stored in an online database known as the PITCHf/x database. The aim of this research is to build a model capable of predicting the pitch type classifier in the PITCHf/x database. A Bayesian hierarchical nominal multinomial regression model was fit to pitch data on Clayton Kershaw scraped from the PITCHf/x database; pitches were clustered based on the catcher calling the pitch. Predicted pitch type probabilities were compared to those from this model's non-hierarchical counterpart using a conditional Bayes factor. The analyses showed that the hierarchical model provided a better description of the data. The utility of this model is discussed in this article and practical applications of the results are explored. A simulation study on the advantages of hierarchical modeling is also presented.


We investigated the impact of the inclusion of kidney dysfunction type on the discrimination and calibration of the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease with sodium (MELD‐Na‐KT) score.


This study aims to determine the effect of Bow Training exercises on the muscular endurance of beginner archery athletes in the Jambi City Kobar Club. The research carried out is an experimental study, which is conducted to find out presence or absence of increase from something imposed on the sample. This experimental study was carried out by the 10 people of beginner archery athlete in Kobar Club, with the details of the Pre-test, the test before doing the Bow Training and the Post-test, after doing the Bow Training. The overall results of the Pretest points for endurance of the arm muscles by 113 points with an average endurance of the arm muscles of 11.30 points. While the overall results of points in the Posttest of endurance of the arm muscles by 151 points with an average endurance of the arm muscles of 15.10 points. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that a person who is given Bow Training exercises will have arm muscle endurance exercises 3.8 points better than someone who is not given training. The results showed that the hypothesis proposed was "the existence of a significant effect of Bow Training exercises on increasing endurance of the arm muscles received with a 95% confidence level that can be seen from the results of the t-test that is t = 13.07684 greater than t table = 1.8331. So it can be conclude that the Bow Training exercises can increase endurance of the arm muscles by 11.237%. This means that there is a significant effect of Bow Training exercises on the endurance of the beginner's arm archery athletes in the Jambi City Kobar club.


In text classification, the testing data often systematically differ from the training data, a problem called dataset shift . In this paper, we investigate a type of dataset shift we call confounding shift . Such a setting exists when two conditions are met: (a) there is a confound variable Z that influences both text features X and class label Y ; (b) the relationship between Z and Y changes from training to testing. While recent work in this area has required confounds to be known ahead of time, this is unrealistic for many settings. To address this shortcoming, we propose a method both to discover and to control for potential confounds. The approach first uses neural network-based topic modeling to discover potential confounds that differ between training and testing data, then uses adversarial training to fit a classification model that is invariant to these discovered confounds. We find the resulting method to improve over state-of-the-art domain adaptation method, while also producing results that are competitive with those obtained when confounds are known ahead of time.


Full polarimetric near-range UWB radar measurements for nondestructive high-resolution subsurface imaging of building structures are presented. We use a stepped frequency continuous wave GB-SAR system based on a 4-port VNA in combination with an antenna array consisting of four linearly polarized Vivaldi antenna elements. Coherent quad polarization data is acquired in an ultra-wideband frequency range from 1 GHz to 20 GHz. Results obtained from 2-dimensional scans of various targets demonstrate that the SAR processed high-resolution subsurface images are suitable to detect cracks and deformations of internal structures including metal nails and bolts. PolSAR analysis for measurements of different canonical scattering targets give promising preliminary results of polarimetric signatures.


A high-pressure pulsed chemical singlet oxygen generator is developed. Obtained maximum singlet oxygen pressure is 20 torr, and excitation efficiency in that moment is crudely estimated to be 40 percent. Experimental results are compared with numerical calculation. Two applications of this generator are presented along with brief evaluation of specifications.


Abstract In this paper we consider the class of functions Kc introduced by W. Matuszewska (1964, Studia Math. 24, 271–279) and W. Matuszewska and W. Orlicz (1965, Studia Math. 26, 11–24). As a main result we describe, in terms of the class Kc, when two strictly increasing functions, as well as their inverse functions, are asymptoticaly equivalent in the strong sense. This result also gives a proper characterization of the class Kc.


Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the risk of dental practice during Covid-19 pandemic Method: This is a retrospective case- control study conducted in Iraq from 24 February to 10 April 2020, eligible case (693) patients and the control group (693) patients randomly Results: Total number of the sample was 1386 (case 693, control 693 patients), the exposure (dental practice) were 7 (0 5%) patients, 3 (0 21%) of them were positive (+ve) while other 4 (0 288 %) were negative (–ve) result Mean age for case group 42 4 years and for control group 38 7 years For case group 418 (61%) males, 275(39%) females and for control group 402 (58%) males, 291 (42%) females Odds ratio (OR)1 335 at confidence interval (CI) 95% (0 298-5 988) that mean possible associated risk is present but at this confidence interval it is statistically not significant Clinical significance: The use of PPE with strict adherence to infection control measures can significantly minimize the risk of Covid-19 infection during dental practice © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications All rights reserved


Algal blooms generally occur in lakes and reservoirs rather than macro-tidal estuary. However, algal blooms repeated in the Qiantang River estuary, a typical macro-tidal estuary, which has seriously influenced the aquatic environment and water supply in Hangzhou. A coupled hydrodynamic-ecological model was established to explore controlling factors of algal blooms in Qiantang River estuary. Environmental variables were carried to study algal growth in which nutrients, water temperature and river runoff affect algal growth strongly in Qiantang River estuary according to the modeling. High nutrient concentration and temperature promote algal growth, and river runoff inversely. Substantially reducing on nutrient inputs is required to mitigate algal blooms due to high nutrient background concentration in the estuary, among which phosphorus reduce is more effective than nitrogen. In addition, more water should be discharged from the upstream reservoirs to suppress algal blooms in the drinking water source area of Hangzhou in summer.


SEN-SORS GROUP TEAM — Zinc Oxide nanostructures have many potential applications due to their wide direct band gap (3.37 eV), large exciton binding energy ( (cid:24) 60 meV at room temperature), piezoelectric properties and high electron mobility. A few examples include sensors, transistors and solar cells. Many of these applications could be further enhanced with greater control of the nanostructures being used. Samples are prepared on both Si and SiO 2 substrates and both with and without the Au layer. Fifty nanometers of SiO 2 is deposited on the substrate through sput-tering deposition, and then 5 nm of Au is deposited with the same method. Next, 20 nm of ZnO is deposited through electron beam deposition. Finally, the samples are then thermally annealed at 700, 750 and 800 C, with some being annealed once for only 30 minutes and others being annealed twice or three times under the same conditions. The samples have been characterized by studying the optical absorbance and photoluminescence, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The ex-perimental results will be discussed under the context of preferential nanostructure formation and crystal orientation due to substrates and thermal treatments. The knowledge obtained from the investigation will give more insight on the future of ZnO nanostructure fabrication and control.


This note applies the median unbiased estimation of coefficient variance, proposed by Stock and Watson (1998), to the extraction of the time-varying trend growth rate of industrial productivity in fifteen European countries, over most of the XXth Century, by means of an unobservable components univariate decomposition. In addition to the description of the procedure, this illustration is particularly useful in explaining why the method is especially appropriate for comparison of trends growth rates extracted from time series with diverse degrees of variability.


A method has been described for the titration of influenza viruses and neutralizing antibodies in chick embryos, using red cell agglutination as the index of infection. By this method mouse-virulent and non-mouse-virulent strains of influenza virus were adequately titered in chick embryos. Smaller amounts of virus were detected in this way than could be found by observing pulmonary lesions in mice, even when highly mouse-adapted strains were used. The occurrence of agglutination in the allantoic fluid from a single egg was a fairly accurate index of infection and multiplication of virus in the individual embryo. Neutralization of virus infection by immune serum was also demonstrated in chick embryos and the technic was also fairly sensitive in measuring influenza antibodies.


We show that the emergence of a non-Poisson distribution might have different physical origins. We study two distinct ways to generate a non-Poisson distribution, the first from within the renewal theory, and the second based on infinitely slow modulation, a condition that makes this second perspective equivalent to superstatistics. We prove that these different origins yield different physical effects, aging in the former case, and no aging in the latter.


We introduce a new combinatorial object called tower diagrams and prove fundamental properties of these objects. We also introduce an algorithm that allows us to slide words to tower diagrams. We show that the algorithm is well-defined only for reduced words which makes the algorithm a test for reducibility. Using the algorithm, a bijection between tower diagrams and finite permutations is obtained and it is shown that this bijection specializes to a bijection between certain labellings of a given tower diagram and reduced expressions of the corresponding permutation.


The goal of this work was the synthesis of a carotenoid cationic lipid for the research of carriers of nucleic acids into defective cells via transfection therapy. In the course of this project a precursor for the carotenoid cationic lipid was successfully obtained, but because of the limited time the synthesis of the carotenoid cationic lipid itself was not performed.


Abstract At the opening of the twentieth century, it was apparent that good agricultural land was getting scarce even in the New World. There was still a strong political need, especially in countries that owed their existence to an agricultural frontier, to open new land and increase farming population. During the 1920s, Isaiah Bowman in the United States devised what he called "scientific settlement", a form of social planning. In the countries that had already embarked on extending their farm land, their initiative was something less than scientific settlement. As an illustration, South Australia and New South Wales legislated the resumption of certain pastoral areas for re-allocation as primarily wheat-based farmlands that would provide the heavier rural population sought by politicians. The need to reward soldiers for service in the First World War became a major stimulus to expansion. Whereas there was ample evidence of the unreliability of conditions in most of the areas chosen, the authorities dispatched settlers to relatively small properties and provided only disjointed and tardy support. When the new wheat frontier proved to be expensive and rife with failures, the authorities blamed the settlers. In the circumstances, however, the performance of the settlers was more praiseworthy than the weight of historical opinion has suggested. Even the soldier settlers, who were put at a disadvantage by the high cost of their land and interest, ultimately achieved a success rate comparable to that of civilian 'closer' settlers who generally had better land and easier terms of purchase.


The article presents a detailed analysis of the accumulation of wagons for the stock at a station marshalling yard based on the average accumulation sched ule. It also demonstartes the effect of the remainder of cars after the stock accumulationre on car-hours to be build. We propose new formulas to determine the average daily cost of accumulating and accumulating parameter depending on the average balance of cars. Operational measures aimed to reduce wagon-hours costs of cars accumulation are listed.


This paper presents a novel method to recognize the human gesture using binary decision tree and Multi-class Support Vector Machine (MCSVM). In a learning stage, 3D trajectory of the human gesture by a kinect sensor is assigned into the tree node of the binary decision tree according to its distribution property. The user's gesture trajectory is resampled and normalized, and we extract the chain code histogram at a regular interval. After training MCSVM in each node, we are able to recognize the human gestures.


Presented data from studies of psycho emotional state of schoolchildren aged 7-17 years suggest that in different types of educational institutions, examined students have dynamic psychological characteristics with varying levels of anxiety, they have a decrease of the compensatory-adaptive mechanisms during the school year, and training activities is carried out with using reserve capacities of the growing organism.


Based on the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations,the flow field and aerodynamic characteristics of an airfoil at high incidences is investigated under the elastic structure vibration and different forced vibrations.It is shown that the aeroelastic vibration with certain amplitude near the critical flutter speed can cause large scale separation above the airfoil before the stall incidence,then,lead to the stall appearing at some lower incidence than the steady meaning stall incidence.Furthermore,the influences of three forced vibrations of the airfoil on the flow field at high incidences are considered. It is found that the forced plunging or pitching vibrations can also cause the large scale separation if the amplitudes of vibrations are large enough.The frequency and amplitude of the vibrations are important parameters.


Abstract The addition of a coupling agent to silica-rubber compounds enhances the filler-matrix compatibility. Under certain mixing conditions the surface of the filler may be only partly activated...


Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Business Process Reengineering (BPR) are both the advanced management thought at present, from the emergency operation equipment material supply chain management factors and interrelation, combining our army practice, Business Process Reengineering base on supply chain management are put forward, and the relative issue are discussed. The emergency operation equipment materials are purposed with foreseeing mode quick, safely arrive to campaign army.


This paper proposes architecture for workflow cooperation among organizations. To design system architecture, business processes are classified and systematized. The proposed architecture consists of three components: request message converter, business process auto-generator and business process manager. Using WordNet for pair of words, the first component converts a message to a trigger for the second component. Then according to MIT Process Handbook for business process repository, the second component automatically generates a business process instance in an operating order. Finally, referring to case base, the third component decides and manages proper schedule and transactors for the instance from case-base. In an experiment, this paper also validates the proposed architecture and discusses its feasibility.


We analyze the scaling and cost-performance characteristics of current and projected connectomics approaches, with reference to the potential implications of recent advances in diverse contributing fields. This analysis suggests potential cost-effective strategies for dense connectivity mapping at the scale of whole mammalian brains.


Though she may be unjustly considered secondary to Perrault, Mme d Aulnoy is interesting for any student of seventeenth century fairy tales, and particularly fascinating for feminist students of these tales. Living at a time when women enjoyed very little personal freedom, Mme d'Aulnoy was able to indulge herself in a literary genre in which fantasy, dream -and of course magic -reign supreme. The genre demands royal heros and heroines, perfect beauty or perfect ugliness, absolute wealth or absolute poverty, eternal love or the most profound hate. This preoccupation with such superficial qualities as beauty and wealth leaves fairy tales open to virulent critiques. However, the fairy tale is by definition a genre of extremes, a genre having little to do with moderation. Taking aim at the extra-ordinary and superficial aspects of the tales, feminists such as Marcia К. Lieberman criticize them under the pretext that they are detrimental to the development of young peoples' (especially of young women's) perception of gender roles. Perhaps this is true of many fairy tales, but it never hurts to focus on more positive examples, such as those offered by Mme d'Aulnoy. In her article "Someday My Prince Will Come," Lieberman is talking specifically about the The Blue Fairy Book, selection and translation by Andrew Lang, when she says that "most of the heroines ... are entirely passive, submissive, and helpless" (191). Mme d'Aulnoy was evidently not writing for children, and even now most of her tales are too long and complicated to function well as bedtime stories. Many of these tales do, however, offer an antidote to Lieberman's suggestions that typical heroines of fairy tales are all in need of being rescued by a prince. Lieberman also finds that "Women who are powerful and good are never human; those women who are human, and who have power or seek it, are nearly always portrayed as repulsive" (197). Karen Rowe contends that typical fairy tales teach neither independence nor self-confidence to young women. Lieberman and Rowe are both reacting specifically to Alison Lurie's article "Fairy Tale Liberation," in which Lurie states that women in fairy tales are often more mature, competent, and active than men. Even though Lurie is still talking about the effects of the tales on a very young audience, I would like to illustrate in this essay that her position is effectively corroborated by the work of Mme d'Aulnoy, especially in the story "Belle-Belle, ou le Chevalier Fortune."


This paper introduces a feature-based parametric CAPP system for manufacturing pin parts.Pin parts are classified with a code system,in which group technology is applied.A template of process plan is designed for each kind of parts.According to the code,the kind of part is determined.Dimensions and tolerances of the part are obtained with a user interface.After knowing the stock removal of each machine cut,the working dimensions of each operation can be calculated and the operational diagram can be generated automatically.The tolerance of each operation is set according to the internal used standard.The tolerances of stock removals are checked using dimensional chains techniques.Finally,the complete process plan can be printed out.


Hybrid rootstocks from a United States Department of Agriculture citrus breeding program were compared for their resistance to phytophthora collar rot (caused by Phytophthora citrophthora) and citrus tristeza virus (CTV), with 6 rootstocks used commercially in Australia. Rootstocks most resistant to collar rot were clone 22 of Poncirus trifoliara, F1 Cleopatra mandarin x English P. trifoliara, and Benton citrange. Mean lesion lengths for F1 Sunki mandarin X Mars P. trifoliata, Troyer citrange, (Rangpur lime x Swingle P. trifoliata) open pollinated, and F, Cleopatra mandarin X Christiansen P. trifoliata were not significantly different from clone 22 of P. trifoliata. Some P. trijoliata hybrids were more susceptible to collar rot than sweet orange, Cleopatra mandarin, or rough lemon. High titres of CTV in ELISA tests were evident in some hybrids, but only 1 F1 Rangpur lime X Carrizo citrange developed stem pitting symptoms. CTV titres in late spring (November) were higher in bark than in leaves.


At the Vilnius Eastern Partnership (EaP) Summit in November, Moldova initialled its Association Agreement including a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) with the EU and became the first EaP country to meet all the requirements of their Visa Liberalisation Action Plan. 2014 may prove to be a make or break year for Moldova, with Chisinau facing a number of serious challenges. From the EU's point of view, it could also prove to be a make or break year for the Eastern Partnership.

The period following Vilnius should be a soul-searching time for the EU. Of the three pillars (AA, DCFTA, visa regime) of the Eastern Partnership, two are now being openly challenged by Russia. While the EU should not engage in a populist competition with Russia, it does need to adapt its actions to the realities on the ground. In this Policy Brief, Cristian Ghinea, Amanda Paul and Victor Chirila argue that the EU should work for greater visibility, better public diplomacy and deliver visible, tangible benefits to the Moldovan population as rapidly as possible. Not only will this help counter Russian activities, but it will also help shore up support for pro-EU reformers in the country.


For the states with advanced technology, effective use of electronic warfare and cyber warfare will be the main determining factor of winning a war in the future's operational environment. The developed states will be able to finalize the struggles they have entered with a minimum of human casualties and minimum cost thanks to high-tech. Considering the increasing number of world economic problems, the development of human rights and humanitarian law it is easy to understand the importance of minimum cost and minimum loss of human. In this paper, cyber warfare and electronic warfare concepts are examined in conjunction with the historical development and the relationship between them is explained. Finally, assessments were carried out about the use of cyber electronic warfare in the coming years.


Based on the analysis of correlation among three pose angles, the paper proposed a yaw-aided interacting multiple model tracking algorithm (YAIMM). Firstly, instant angular velocity of the target was estimated from yaw information. Then, applicable models were chosen from preparative model set based on fuzzy association method, and their model probabilities were also computed. At last, weighted sum of state estimations from all selected models was received as final state estimation. Comparing with IMM, YAIMM improves the adaptability of model set and reduces the computation of model probability, which shows that YAIMM has better precision and real-time performance.


Several water control agents, including pre-linked gel particles, emul- sion microspheres, continuous chromium gel with different viscosity and under- ground starch graft copolymer gel were evaluated in lab. The properties such as gelation time and gel strength of gel, and expansion of particles and microspheres were tested at high temperature. Also, the injection pressure, plugging strength and resistance factor were measured using the artificial low permeability cores with fractures. It was shown that, for the particle type water control (pre-linked gel particles and emulsion microspheres), the particle size and distribution are crucial characters for the plugging property. The particle size should be must be adaptable with the frac- ture width, not be too big or small, which is very difficult to control. Also, for the continuous chromium with different viscosity, the added polymer concentra- tion higher, the viscosity is higher, with higher plugging strength. Meantime, high polymer concentration will lead to poor injectivity (high viscosity on ground) and high cost. Therefore the plugging and strength should be coordinated. The starch graft copolymer can be generated underground, which on ground is thin solution. So it is easy to be injected into formation and has good plugging property. The results show that the underground starch gel is more suitable to be used for water control in low permeability formation.


This essay examines the role and representation of the trauma of the Armenian genocide in the recent novel The Spice Box Letters (2015) by the British Cypriot writer Eve Makis. Set in 1985 and based on stories told by the diasporic Armenian community, the novel is concerned with the history of the Armenian genocide of 1915 and explores its traumatic effects on different generations in the form of witnessing, the refugee experience, displacement, and diaspora. The essay applies the conceptualization of trauma representation as presented in Michael Rothberg's study (2000) and in Marianne Hirsch's (2008) notion of postmemory, which understand trauma and post-trauma as multi-layered, generational responses to the original event. By including both narratives by witnesses of the genocide and other family members living in diaspora, the novel explores the intergenerational character of the traumatic experience and the resultant displacement, and addresses ways of overcoming the traumatizing past. It brings together the dispersed family members and unites them with the larger diasporic community by using the idea of constellation both literally and figuratively in the narrative to imagine new affiliations with tradition and community.


In this article, threading dislocations and its impact on the electrical and thermal performance of GaN‐on‐Diamond (Dia), ‐SiC, and ‐Si high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) has been investigated. TCAD simulation of GaN‐HEMT is performed with various buffer traps to mimic the lattice mismatch/dislocation density at GaN/Si, GaN/SiC, and GaN/Dia interface. It has been found that, the dislocations not only induce traps, but also degrade the thermal conductivity of the GaN‐buffer. This accordingly could deteriorate the thermal characteristic of GaN‐on‐Dia, which has higher lattice mismatch with respect to GaN‐on‐SiC. This investigation showed that the growth process of GaN‐on‐Dia should be optimized in order to reduce the threading dislocations. This accordingly could dramatically further improve its outstanding thermal characteristics with respect to GaN‐on‐SiC and GaN‐on‐Si devices.


Two mononuclear iron(III) complexes, [Fe(L1)(N3)] and [Fe(L2)(N3)], {H2L1 = N,N′-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)diethylenetriamine and H2L2 = N,N′-bis(3-ethoxysalicylidene)diethylenetriamine} have been synthesized and characterized by elemental, spectral and X-ray crystallographic studies. Structural features have been examined in detail that reveal the formation of interesting supramolecular networks generated through weak non-covalent interactions. The current–voltage characteristic curves for an Al/complex Schottky-barrier diode (SBD) exhibit non-ohmic behavior. Important parameters like ideality factor, barrier height and series resistance are measured with the help of thermionic emission (TE) theory. Space-charge-limited current (SCLC) theory is employed to evaluate the charge transport parameters such as effective carrier mobility and transit time for both complexes. Complex 1 is found to be more conductive. To obtain insight into the physical nature of weak non-covalent interactions, Bader's quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules (QTAIM) is used extensively. Additionally, the non-covalent interaction reduced density gradient (NCI-RDG) methods established nicely the presence of such non-covalent intermolecular interactions.


We use multiple methods to examine how individual websites affect political interest (i.e., citizens' willingness to pay attention to politics at the expense of other endeavors). Our model clarifies necessary conditions for a website to increase political interest. A survey then reveals age-related and site-specific interest changes that are consistent with the model's logic. Respondents of all ages report greater political interest after viewing sites that they rate as effective and efficient than they do after viewing other sites. Age-related interest effects occur because young and old disagree about which sites have these desired attributes. This work makes two contributions: our methods offer a template for understanding the influence of participatory appeals while our finding can help political entrepreneurs engage young adults more effectively.


This issue of Mind, Culture, and Activity includes a symposium of three articles with a separate introduction and two additional articles. Together, this research highlights links between culturalhistorical and activity theoretical approaches and community-based research on learning and development, historical linguistics, and mathematics education. Michael Cole and Katie Simpson have written the introduction for the symposium on community-based research. We introduce, below, the final two articles. The fourth article, written by Ekaterina Schnittke, highlights a link between cultural-historical theory and linguistics. In this article, Schnittke advances the idea that texts that are written by children today may provide insight into early vernacular writings, the purview of historical linguists, given their similarities. Drawing upon the Uniformitarian Principle, which holds that the processes of language change in the past are uniform with those today, Schnittke examines Old Russian documents called birch bark letters that were written between the 11 and 15 Centuries. Her research provides a case for linking the early phase of the development of a language with literacy acquisition, a case with implications for identifying the evolutionary stage of written language and the level of writing development in a particular text. Timothy Koschmann and Junko Mori, the authors of the fifth article, elaborate the notion of "learning by talking" by exemplifying and analyzing the work of one student as he becomes accountable as a participant in dialogue. The student is in an 8 Grade mathematics classroom in Japan. Becoming accountable requires that participants engage in respectful dialogue, draw upon their knowledge of the discipline, and offer accepted reasoning. This detailed analysis illustrates both a form of mathematical accountability, as well as how it is achieved and made visible in classroom practice. The research has implications for elaborating what counts as "good" or accountable talk in classroom settings and, thus, sheds light on the reform of mathematics education. Finally, the editors note with deep regret the passing of Roland Tharp, long time colleague in exploring the role of culture in development and education in the Vygotskian tradition. This issue is dedicated to him.


Inoculation with rhizobia shows potential for reduction of soluble chemical fertilizers because they are able to stimulate plant growth by different mechanisms of action. This study evaluated the growth promotion of tomato varieties by rhizobia isolates, including a strain of Burkholderia sp. whose inclusion in the group of rhizobia is being discussed. Two experiments were conducted in pots in the greenhouse. The design was completely randomized, with three replications. The treatments consisted of combinations of four varieties of tomato and four rhizobia isolates, as well as control treatments. In one experiment, the plants were harvested at 53 days and at the other, were conducted by the end of the cycle. They evaluated the root volume, dry mass of root, shoot and whole plant, as well as the mass and the number of fruits. Response was observed in Absoluto and Serato varieties to inoculation of a few isolated, showing that the increase in production depends on the interactions between varieties and strains.


Large congenital melanocytic nevi both present a cosmetic problem and may predispose to the development of a melanoma. We present a series of three patients in whom the tissue expander was employed to facilitate a large excision with primary closure and excellent cosmesis.


Based on the time series forecasting model and BP neural network,this paper put forward a new combination forecasting method.A new hybrid approach combined by BP Neural Network and ARIMA model were proposed which were constructed by a three-layer structure.This hybrid approach obtained the absolute errors by ARIMA model firstly,then uses the past 5 years data as input values,and uses the BP neural network to simulate the result by a rolling method,finally established the prediction model by the ARIMA with ANN.By assisting the softs of SPSS13 and Matlab7,this paper applies the combination model to predict the annual runoff of the Kaqun hydrological station.The result indicates that the proposed model has higher forecasting accuracy and more tolerant ability.It is an effective model for runoff prediction of medium to long-term.


The design of an image compensation device is given which is capable of minimizing the in-track image disturbances caused by velocity variations in an optical scanning device. Guidelines for the development of this mechanism are based on known optical principles. Acceptable response capabilities for this device are based on subjective and quantitative image quality standards. A first order analysis of the device was conducted to specify the performance required to minimize the distortions mentioned above. The final system specifications take into account actual hardware that is currently available for the typical scanner system presented.


The Kinugasa-Joshi Tunnel is a mountain tunnel spanning 267 m in the first lot of the Phase I construction work of the Miura Arterial Highway in Kanagawa Prefecture. The geology of the tunneling site is composed of mudstones and sandstones of the Neogene Hayama group. The mudstone zones, which are highly fractured and expansive, occupy about 40 percent of the total length of the tunnel. They had a small overburden of approximately 14 m and were prone to landslides while private houses existed and city roads ran above these zones. Because of the adverse condition, many problems had to be solved during tunneling such as landslides, surface settlements, insufficient bearing capacity of the ground at the bottom and the collapse of the face. Landslide prevention piles were driven and auxiliary methods were used such as long forepoling, leg piles and long rock bolts at the face. This paper discusses the auxiliary methods applied to the mudstone zones and reports the excavation results. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E204151.


The confiscation or forfeiture of crime proceeds is an important challenge in the fight against crime in every country. The Latvian Criminal Procedure Law (2005) provides ability of confiscating criminally acquired property before the sentencing of the guilty person, as well as the ability to apply extended confiscation for a convicted person. However, in recent years, practices and amendments to the law show trends that raise doubts about respect for human rights and principles of criminal proceedings in confiscation processes. The article deals with other countries' experience in the confiscation of property of uncertain origin in various processes – administrative, civil and criminal proceedings. The summary gives the author's conclusions on the legally correct confiscation process.


Background: Dose equivalence of antidepressants is critically important for clinical practice and for research. There are several methods to define and calculate dose equivalence but for antidepressants, only daily defined dose and consensus methods have been applied to date. The purpose of the present study is to examine dose equivalence of antidepressants by a less arbitrary and more systematic method. Methods: We used data from all randomized, double-blind, flexible-dose trials comparing fluoxetine or paroxetine as standard drugs with any other active antidepressants as monotherapy in the acute phase treatment of unipolar depression. We calculated the ratio of the mean doses for each study and weighted it by the total sample size to find the weighted mean ratio for each drug, which was then used to define the drug's dosage equivalent to fluoxetine 40 mg/d. Results: We included 83 studies (14 131 participants). In the primary analysis, fluoxetine 40 mg/day was equivalent to paroxetine dosage of 34.0 mg/day, agomelatine 53.2 mg/day, amitriptyline, 122.3 mg/day, bupropion 348.5 mg/day, clomipramine 116.1 mg/day, desipramine 196.3 mg/day, dothiepin 154.8 mg/ day, doxepin 140.1 mg/day, escitalopram 18.0 mg/day, fluvoxamine 143.3 mg/day, imipramine 137.2 mg/ day, lofepramine 250.2 mg/day, maprotiline 118.0 mg/day, mianserin, 101.1 mg/day, mirtazapine 50.9 mg/ day, moclobemide 575.2 mg/day, nefazodone 535.2 mg/day, nortriptyline 100.9 mg/day, reboxetine 11.5 mg/day, sertraline 98.5 mg/day, trazodone 401.4 mg/day, and venlafaxine 149.4 mg/day. Sensitivity analyses corroborated the results except for doxepin. Limitations: The number of studies for some drugs was small. The current method assumes dose response relationship of antidepressants. Conclusions: Our findings can be useful for clinicians when they switch antidepressants and for researchers when they compare various antidepressants in their research. & 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).


BACKGROUND
 The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to a drastic fall in the incidence of HIV-associated dementia. However, less severe but limiting forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) continues to be prevalent even with the use of ART. Aerobic exercise, a behavioural intervention may be a beneficial and effective complement to ART in the management of HAND. In HIV-negative individuals, aerobic exercise mitigates pathogenic changes similar to those of HAND.

 OBJECTIVE
 This protocol describes a randomized clinical trial designed to determine the effect of a 12-week aerobic exercise programme on HAND in Southeastern Nigeria.

 METHODS
 A minimum of seventy-six patients diagnosed with HAND will be randomized into aerobic exercise and control groups. Aerobic exercise will be carried out on a stationary bicycle ergometer at moderate intensity, three times a week for 12-weeks. Primary outcomes are neurocognitive performance, CD4-count and viral load. Evaluation of post-exercise neurocognitive performance will be undertaken using reliable neuropsychological tests relevant to PLWHIV, in line with Frascati criteria. Secondary outcomes such as quality of life, and activity limitation and social participation will be assessed using the WHOQOL-Bref, and the Oxford Participation and Activities questionnaire respectively. Data will be subjected to exploratory statistics to test for normality and homogeneity. The effect of the exercise programme on HAND will be analysed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, with Bonferroni's correction. Within-group comparison will be undertaken using paired sampled t-test.

 RESULTS
 Enrollment began on 18th January 2021. Recruitment has been completed. The trial is ongoing and will be completed in July 2021

 CONCLUSIONS
 The study will provide valuable information about the effect of aerobic exercise on HAND thus verifying the suitability of aerobic exercise as a complementary therapy for mitigating neurocognitive disorder among PLWHIV. Data from the study will be useful in pursuit of debate on the necessity of a sponsored rehabilitation arm in ART clinics.

 CLINICALTRIAL
 The study was registered with the PAN African Trial Registry (PACTR) on the 1stth September 2020. The registration ID is PACTR202009483415745.


Ontario Ministry of Correctional Servicesand University of OttawaR. KARL HANSON,Ministry Secretariat, Solicitor GeneralCanadaAbstractData were collected from X2 Canadian pro-grams for sex offenders by means of site visitsand questionnaires issued lo program direc-tors. Collectively, ihcsc programs providedservices to more than l.tyxj sex offendersannually. Programs varied considerably in size(7 to 250 clients), duration (3 10 36 months),and intensity (1 to 33 hours per week). Ingeneral, assessments of clients were morelikely to be undertaken for programmaticpurposes (e.g., identifying treatment targets)than for decision making (e.g., release deci-sions). Assessments were typically mullimodcl,involving interviews, file reviews, and psycho-logical testing. Similarly, the treatment ser-vices provided by most settings included avariety of behavioural, cognitive-behavioural,and psychodynamic approaches. On average,each program targeted 17 different risk fac-tors (e.g., empathy for victims, deviant sexualpreferences).


A comprehensive programme of examination reform at the stage of secondary education was launched on a national scale almost a decade age. The programme is directed towards the improvement of external examinations and school evaluation. Evaluation is a broader concept than measurement.


Summary Aspects of the carbohydrate metabolism of a strain of serially cultured human diploid cells which fulfill the criteria for normal cells have been studied. These cells show an initial 24-hour lag in cell division and glycolysis upon subcultivation. Following this, cell division proceeds rapidly for 5 to 6 days. Rates of glucose utilization and lactic acid production generally follow the same time course. The glycolytic rate of these cells resembles that of other serially cultured cells. In the absence of added glucose: mannose, galactose and fructose were able to support the growth of human diploid cells. Mannose was converted to lactic acid at almost the same rate as glucose while galactose and fructose were converted to lactate at a somewhat slower rate.


That one too is numbered among the AEsir whom some call the slanderer of the Esir and originator of deceptions and a stain of the AEsir and humans. His name is Loki or Lopt, son of the giant Farbauti. Laufey or Nal is his mother and his brothers are Byleistr and Helblindi. Loki is fair and handsome in appearance, bad of mind, very changeable in his ways. He had that form of wisdom beyond other men, which is called cunning, and he uses tricks in everything. He constantly brought the iEsir into great difficulty, and often rescued them with deceits.1


This article seeks to reformulate the notion of basics as rules within the context of design education. The typical design education curriculum introduces design methods as a pedagogical approach. This includes concepts for how to approach goals and the means for how to solve problems or disclose possibilities. Such methods are comparable to the qualities of rules found in games and play, which in turn influence behaviour and mentality. We analyzed introductory course descriptions in design education as they relate to theories on play and game, phenomenology and pragmatist aesthetics. This exploration showed that there is a tendency to define basic knowledge and skills in the very first course in design education. We interpreted this to represent a belief in rules, as in truths, following a possible unconscious establishment of a tradition for the acceptance of certain rights and wrongs as well as automatic behaviour. We argue that such a recognition of rules as a pedagogical platform may transfer to students and represent a subsequent type of culture wherein the students follow instructions rather than think for themselves.


Since 1977, NOAA has been investigating the feasibility of a global wind-sensing lidar in response to the need for altitude profiles of the wind vector to serve as input to global circulation models. The lidar technique obtains the wind information by assessing the Doppler information contained in CO2 laser radiation backscattered from the atmospheric aerosol (particulates, droplets, etc.). The results of studies undertaken to define the proposed system concept and hardware for a space-shuttle-borne demonstration flight are presented. Resulting from considerations of wind vector accuracy, area coverage and sampling density, signal detectability and space shuttle compatibility requirements were a continuous conical scan of the telescope with a half cone angle of 62° centered on nadir, telescope diameter (1.25 m), laser pulse energy (10 J), pulse repetition frequency (8 Hz), pulse duration (6 ins) and laser wavelength (9.11 pm). Requirements that the concept imposes on platform stability, navigation and attitude determination, line-of-sight pointing and lag angle compensation, on-board Doppler processing, prime power and thermal dissipation are discussed. The system configuration intended for a hardware design study is presented.


In this investigation, it is dealt with computational aero-acoustic analysis of an airfoil with jet blowing. The airfoil shape is selected as NACA0015 profile with jet blowing on upper surface. The calculations of analysis are done by using commercial finite volume solver. The k-e turbulence model is used for the turbulence modeling and the Ffowcs Williams and Hawking acoustic analogy model is run for determination of acoustic data. The numerical results are compared with experimental data for computed Sound Pressure Level without jet blowing and well agreement is observed. In the case of jet blowing, the effects of different jet angle, velocity ratio and angle of attack on airfoil are investigated and noise levels of non jet cases and jet blowing cases are studied.


A glance at any newspaper or management periodical gives the impression that sex discrimination is soon likely to become a thing of the past. Women are being courted as never before by youth‐starved employers trying to cope with the 'demographic time‐bomb'.


Based on the characteristic of the branch instruction,the impact of branch behavior and branch prediction technique on the CPI stacks components of the embedded single-issue processor is analyzed in this paper,furthermore the accurate timing model of the branch predictor is designed in RTL-level,and the characteristic of branch instruction and the performance of branch predictor are also studied through hardware simulation.In our experiment the correspondent statistical properties of the branch instruction when the behavior of miss or hit in the branch predictor happens are recorded,proving the legitimate conclusion of the correlativity between the branch predictor and the CPI stacks components and providing the design and optimization of the branch predictor for the embedded single-issue processor with accurate experimental basis.


The paper dwells on research results of temperature dependence of photomechanical effect (PME) by the example of single-crystal silicon in the case of different loadings on the indenter. There is shown that the temperature at which there is occurred merging of dark and light curves of temperature dependence of PME, at constant illumination intensity, depends on loading on the indenter, and at light load the curve merging is occurred at higher temperature than under heavy load. Explanation of findings is based on the fact that decrease of microhardness of the material occurs due to weakening the interatomic chemical bonds under the influence of antibonding quasi-particles, which are generated under required actions (temperature, illumination), as well as due to concentration reduction of photoexcited antibonding quasi-particles from the surface to the depth of the volume, and the ratio of these concentrations varies with the growing depth of penetration of the indenter.


The aim of this work is to study the consequences of an overtopping on the stability of earth dams and its possible failure mode. Rehabilitation and safety analysis of existing dams is nowadays an open field of re- search. The possibility to define a numerical instrument to provide support for analyzing the failure of a dam is a big step ahead for organizing the intervention measures and for optimizing the economic plan. In fact many existing dams have now to be modified due to the revision of previous design criteria in order to increase their safety. The objective of our work is to develop and validate a new computational method of general applicability that allows treating the above problems. The method will combine advanced finite element and particle techniques. Fluid-structure interaction effects and non-linear geometrical and mechanical effects in the dam material are considered. A mixed Lagrangian and Eulerian approach is used. The fluid behavior is described using a modified form of the Navier Stokes equations in order to consider the effect of a variable porosity. A non linear Darcy law is included in the momentum equation. A level set function is chosen to follow the movement of the free surface inside and outside the porous medium. The structure is described using a purely lagrangian PFEM formulation (1) and (2). The specific features of PFEM make it appropriate to treat the rockfill material and its large deformations and shape changes. A projection technique allows to perform the data transfer between the fluid and the structure non matching meshes. 1I NTRODUCTION Embankment dams are very vulnerable to overtopping phenomena because of their particular nature, being made of incoherent material. The failure mechanisms in fact, are mainly due to the hydrodynamic forces acting on the rockfill part in the downstream slope; these forces cause a big loss of material with the consequent instability of the entire dam. They can be resumed by two kind of phenomena, acting in combined or alternative


The dynamic hydraulic pressure(DHP) is calculated with Daniel Bernouli principle.The investigation verifies the existence of the DHP.A regression analysis reveals the relationship between the DHP and vehicles' traveling speed,namely,DHP is in proportion to the squared traveling speed.The test research on the permeability of the asphalt show that the permeability increases dramatically with DHP,which may damage the pavement seriously.


The key phrase of Genesis 3:8 "cool of the day" (leruah hayyom) has been recently evaluated in light of Akkadian cognates to the Hebrew and a new translation proposed. The critiques of this new translation are evaluated in this article, which concludes that the new translation has more grammatical support than the traditional reading which is problematic on a number of fronts.


Improving the efficiency of the agriculture fields will increase the food resources in the response of the huge population in the world. In the fields, we are facing various difficulties such as weeds and plant diseases. We should detect the weeds and remove it. Nowadays we do not get more man power to work in the fields. Implementing machine learning methods such as convolutional neural networks on agriculture has gained immense attention in recent years. We are using convolutional neural networks to classify the plants. Automatic plant type identification process could offer a great help for application of pesticides, fertilization and harvesting of different species on-time in order to improve the production processes of food and drug industries. It could reduce the labor cost. Following the preprocessing step, Convolutional Neural Network architecture is employed to extract the features of images.


This study aims to investigate the Lewatit TP 214, which is a chelating ion-exchange polymer containing the thiourea group, for the sorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The thiourea function is chemically bonded to the matrix of the styrene-divinylbenzene polymer. The effects of parameters such as the concentration, pH level, contact time, ionic strength and temperature were investigated. The results showed more affinity of resin towards cadmium than lead cations. The maximum uptake values of Pb(II) and Cd(II) were 55.59 mg.g -1 and 81.75 mg.g -1 , respectively. The resin used in this study exhibited a good sorption potential at initial pH values, i.e. pH = 4.1 and pH = 6.1, for Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively, at room temperature. The extraction kinetics, for both cations Pb(II) and Cd(II), was best described by the pseudo second order model. This study showed that the diffusion of moving boundary particles fits well the experimental data (r > 0.99) for the sorption of both Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions. The Langmuir isotherm fits better the obtained equilibrium data compared to the Freundlich isotherm. The thermodynamic data for the sorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II), on the Lewatit 214 resin, indicate that the process is endothermic for Pb(II) (∆H = + 8.94 kj.mol -1 ), while it is exothermic for Cd(II) (∆H = - 51.65 kj.mol -1 ). In addition, the thermodynamic study showed also negative ∆G values, indicating that the sorption process of both Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions is spontaneous.