In the art market, the value of a work has never been as relative as it is today. An intricate marketing system has been established that makes the price of an item dependent not just on its quality but also on the identity of the seller & the buyer & even on the location of the sale. Through anecdotes & famous stories, this book, originally published in French by journalist & art market specialist Judith Benhamou-Huet, takes an in-depth look at exactly how the circumstances of a sale influence the price a work ultimately commands. The book highlights a selection of record-breaking auctions sales -from Van Gogh's Portrait of Dr. GachetÓ to a Louis XVI dresser to Leonardo da Vinci's Codex HammerÓ to Walt Disney's film Snow White & the Seven Dwarfs.Ó... Download ebook, read file pdf Pricing the Priceless


A high reliability is essential for the insulation system of wind turbine generator because of its high repairing cost. In this paper, three experimental methods based on accelerated aging under repetitive impulse voltage and multi-environmental factors are established to (i) investigate the failure or degradation mechanism during the aging, and (ii) make recommendations on how to assess the functional life and reliability of insulation systems for wind turbine generator. Repetitive impulse voltage stress combined with thermal stress, change of temperature, steady damp heat and salt mist was, in turn, applied to model specimens with different length and section sizes. Some of non-destructive characteristic parameters such as dissipation factor, insulation resistance, and partial discharge inception voltage were measured periodically during the aging. In addition to the residual breakdown voltage, the appearance features and infrared spectrum analysis of specimens were carried out after aging. It has been found that the surface partial discharge generated under repetitive impulse voltage resulted in the degradation of surface insulating material near the slot end. The change of temperature also caused the delaminating of stator insulation from the core slot especially when massimpregnated insulation used in long slot of practical stator. The increase of dissipation factor of insulation system was largely contributed by salt mist and moisture factors especially when the surface or interface of insulation material was damaged. The electrically accelerated aging under about triple maximum repetitive impulse voltage for 1000 h was an effective and feasible method to assess the insulation system of wind turbine generator.


This paper provides a distributed frequency domain algorithm for real-time modal estimation of large power systems using ambient synchrophasor data. By dividing the computation between a supervisory central computer and local optimizations at the substation level, the algorithm efficiently estimates multiple dominant mode frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes from wide-area power system measurements. The algorithm, called distributed frequency domain optimization, is tested on known test systems and archived real power system data from eastern and western power systems.


ABSTRACT The present study was carried out to assess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) economy, quality, and productivity of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) through dual-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Rhizobium in an acid Alfisol. Experiment was laid out in randomized block design replicated thrice comprising 13 treatments viz. Rhizobium along with three graded N levels (25%, 50%, and 75% soil-test-based recommended N), AMF along with three graded P levels (25%, 50%, and 75% soil-test-based recommended P), dual-inoculation of AMF and Rhizobium conjoint with four graded N and P levels (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% soil-test-based recommended N and P), and three other treatments viz. generalized recommended NP potassium (K) dose (GRD), farmers' practice, and absolute control. The results revealed that dual-inoculation of AMF and Rhizobium enhanced the pea productivity, macronutrient (NPK) and micronutrient iron, copper, zinc, and manganese (Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn) concentrations, and their uptake besides enhancing garden pea quality. Also, dual-inoculation of both symbionts at 75% and 100% soil-test-based N and P dose behaved statistically alike with respect to pea pod yield, NPK uptake, and quality parameters like total soluble solids (TSS) and crude protein (CP), thus indicating an economy of about 25% soil-test-based N and P dose through co-inoculation. AMF and Rhizobium dual-inoculated treatments led to enhanced TSS and CP in pea pods by 4.2% and 6.2%, respectively, over GRD, while sole application of AMF- or Rhizobium-imbedded treatments could enhance these quality parameters by 2.1% only in each case. Similarly, the highest N and P response ratio was registered in dual-inoculated treatments. Overall, dual-inoculation of AMF and Rhizobium with 75% soil-test-based N and P dose in pea can save up to 25% fertilizer N and P dose in acid Alfisol.Also, this tripartite symbiosis besides enhancing pea quality led to better bio-fortified pea seeds with micronutrients especially Fe and Zn, which can greatly curtail the widespread anemia and Zn deficiency in humans living in Himalayan acid Alfisol.


(See the major article by Gandhi et al, on pages 9–17.)

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-tuberculosis), a form of tuberculosis resistant to the most effective tuberculosis drugs, is typically lethal among patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [1–3]. Although HIV-uninfected patients in whom XDR-tuberculosis is diagnosed promptly and managed comprehensively experience treatment success rates of 40%–60%, these rates are far from good [1, 4]. Furthermore, the treatment regimens used for XDR-tuberculosis are often as long as 2 years and are associated with numerous toxic effects, assuming patients survive long enough to complete treatment. In areas where both XDR-tuberculosis and HIV infection are prevalent, it is therefore essential to prevent person-to-person transmission. Unfortunately, ongoing reports of nosocomial transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis in tuberculosis-endemic settings document the unacceptable risk of infection faced by healthcare workers and patients hospitalized for drug-susceptible tuberculosis and other illnesses [5–7].

It is recognized that the greatest risk of tuberculosis transmission is from patients with unsuspected tuberculosis during no therapy or from known tuberculosis patients with unsuspected drug resistance during ineffective therapy [8–14]. Active case finding and rapid diagnosis of drug resistance are therefore critically important to stop transmission. In some South African settings, the proportion of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-tuberculosis) cases attributable to transmission is as high as 50%–80% [15]. Given the serious consequences of MDR and XDR-tuberculosis infection, a better understanding of the factors that facilitate transmission is essential for informing and expanding intervention strategies.

In this regard, the tools of classic and molecular epidemiology have greatly advanced our understanding of tuberculosis transmission. Genetic fingerprinting, for example, has helped suggest or establish linkages between seemingly unconnected patients in outbreak investigations, including those of MDR and XDR-tuberculosis transmission in hospital wards and prisons in areas of endemicity [16–18]. But even though molecular epidemiologic data have improved our ability to map the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains within populations, such linkages cannot provide detailed understanding of how human interactions, behaviors, and patterns of movement impact transmission. This is where social network analysis can play a role.

Social network analysis is a method rooted in social science, mathematics, statistics, and anthropology [19]. It has been used in contexts where the interconnectedness of people—their relationships and networks—is relevant to the disease being studied [19]. Over the past decade, for example, it has been used in advancing the understanding and dynamics of HIV transmission [20]. More importantly, social network analysis can help strengthen context-specific, environmental, or behavioral interventions. To date, its use in research on tuberculosis transmission has been less common than for other diseases, but when used, it has enhanced the epidemiologic evaluation process. For example, investigators of a 3-year-long tuberculosis outbreak in British Columbia, Canada, used social network analysis to reveal that the outbreak had its origins rooted within an increase in crack cocaine use in the community that brought infectious and susceptible people together, resulting in transmission [21]. This risk factor might not have been identified without the use of social network analysis. Similarly, social network analysis of a highly mobile population in which many members were infected with the same strain of M. tuberculosis illustrated that they had all had lived in a homeless shelter together [22]. The network analysis identified an opportunity to improve infection control in shelters to reduce future outbreaks.

In this issue of the Journal, Gandhi et al demonstrate the usefulness of integrating social network analysis with traditional molecular epidemiologic methods, in their study of a protracted outbreak of XDR-tuberculosis among patients who had been hospitalized in a Tugela Ferry, South Africa, district hospital. Since 2005, Tugela Ferry, an area within the Kwazulu-Natal province, has had a staggeringly high incidence of XDR-tuberculosis of 52 cases per 100 000 population [6]. In their retrospective, observational study, the authors report the results of a transmission network analysis of one large cluster (51 patients) of the ST60/KZN strain found among the patients.

By using hospital admissions dates and length of stay information as well as a set of rules to epidemiologically link patients, Gandhi et al constructed a plausible transmission network over the 2-year study period. The network analysis illustrated how the spread of the ST60/KZN strain in the Tugela Ferry district hospital occurred over several generations. Patients not only became infected with XDR-tuberculosis in the hospital but became sources of ongoing spread of XDR-tuberculosis to others during subsequent hospitalizations. It is alarming to see how highly connected patients were to each other through overlapping hospital stays during their infectious and susceptible periods. One male patient, for example, was "linked" to 11 other male patients, while one female patient was "linked" to 10 other females on the ward.

The Tugela Ferry district hospital transmission network highlights the way in which long lengths of stay, large congregate wards with inadequate infection control, and delays in diagnosis of XDR created a dangerous environment in which such transmission was not only possible but inevitable and cyclic. Patients were hospitalized for a median of 15 days (interquartile range, 10–25 days) while they were potentially infectious [6]. Furthermore, on most days (91%) of the 2-year study period, there was at least 1 yet to be diagnosed (eg, unrecognized) XDR-tuberculosis patient occupying the ward [6]. Are these conditions unique to this district hospital? Unfortunately, the answer is no. Far too many hospitals in high-burden settings have conditions that are ripe for repeated XDR-tuberculosis transmission. As the article by Gandhi et al reinforces, it is imperative to work toward ameliorating these conditions. Patients with highly drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis must quickly receive their diagnosis, start an effective regimen (ie, one that includes several drugs to which their infecting strains are susceptible), and managed in settings where they are less likely to expose susceptible individuals until they initiate an effective treatment regimen. Although increasing degrees of drug resistance may make it more difficult to find effective regimens to convert an infectious patient into a noninfectious one before sputum conversion, there is preliminary evidence to suggest that this may still be possible for MDR-tuberculosis [23], as it is for drug-susceptible tuberculosis. This should allay concerns about ongoing transmission in the community following treatment initiation for drug-susceptible tuberculosis and MDR-tuberculosis. It also follows that hospitalization of only the sickest patients is warranted, while those who are less ill can and should be treated in their community.

What should be done when dealing with XDR-tuberculosis? In settings where healthcare facilities have poor infection control, inadequate isolation capacity, or inability to quickly diagnose XDR-tuberculosis, hospitalization should be as short as needed to reduce exposure of hospital staff and patients. An important way forward, however, is to improve hospital infection control and isolation capacity in settings where XDR-tuberculosis patients are treated, to reduce the risk of transmission to others, especially since it is not known whether or how quickly treatment renders XDR-tuberculosis patients noninfectious.

Although not the focus of this study, social network analysis of XDR-tuberculosis transmission in the community would be an important next step to advance our understanding of the factors that contribute to epidemic level spread. Given the limited efficacy of currently available treatment regimens for XDR-tuberculosis and evidence that transmission outside the hospital is clearly a problem [24], future studies using social network analysis to investigate the environmental, behavioral, and social factors contributing to transmission outside of healthcare facilities will be helpful in strengthening community level interventions against transmission.

Until the use of better and faster diagnostic tools for drug-resistant tuberculosis is more widespread and tightly linked to timely initiation of effective therapy, healthcare facilities must be diligent about creating and maintaining environments that are safe for their patients and staff. As the article by Gandhi et al shows, social network analysis can be combined with molecular epidemiologic tools to highlight the conditions that facilitate XDR-tuberculosis transmission. Their work also serves as a blueprint for using this tool in other contexts where XDR-tuberculosis transmission occurs, thereby allowing those involved in tuberculosis control to come one step closer to more effectively developing context- and setting-specific interventions that will reduce transmission.


While the general position of the tecto-spinal tract in t.he higher mammals has been described frequently with essential agreement, a number of details have never been adequately determined. The literature is well discussed by Tsai ('25) and by Papez and Freeman ( '30). The older literature is reviewed by Lange ( '19) who also gives a good summary of the comparative anatomy. Many details with special reference to the cat will be found in Papez's Comparative Neurology ( '29). The general phylogenetic significance has been presented most recently by Huber and Crosby ('33a). Langworthy ('30, '33) gives the literature pertaining to myelination. Further review of the widely scattered papers dealing with this tract is deemed unnecessary. I n connection with the orgin of the tecto-spinal tract, there is some uncertainty as to what proportion of the fibers, if any, arise from the homolateral side of the lamina corpora quadrigemina. Some apparently uncrossed fibers have been repeatedly mentioned, although the tract is generally considered to be mostly crossed. The caudal limits of the location of the cells of origin is rather indefinitely stated by most observers. There is considerable doubt as to the presence of cells of origin within the nucleus of the inferior colliculus.


The Law Society's Costs Committee draws the attention of all practitioners practising in the Civil Magistrates Court jurisdiction to a recent amendment to the Magistrates Court Rules.


Spinal involvement is considered to be a rare complication of gout. We report a case of a 55-year-old man who presented to our hospital with severe back pain and intermittent high fever and was diagnosed initially as pyogenic or tuberculous osteomyelitis over L3-L4. Operation intervention was carried out after pharmaceutical treatment failure. Granuloma-like lesions were disclosed, the pathological examination revealed it's a tophus, and gout was confirmed. His back pain and fever improved after operation. Allopurinol was then given for the control of his tophaceous gout over spine. Owing to stopping taking medications by himself, his tophi over spine recurred, and he underwent another operation lately. We highlight this case of tophaceous gout involving the spine that mimicked infectious spondylitis. Therefore, the clinicians should list it into the differential diagnosis in treating such patients.


The research paper aims at creating an analysis of animal's behaviour in Japanese fairy tales on the example of selected fairy tale. First part is setting up a related definitions such as characteristics of traditional fairy tales with connection to Japanese fairy tales specifically. Second part of the research is focused on analysis of selected fairy tale by Theodora Y. Ozaki using Vladimir Propp's Analysis of Functions in Folktales. Text synthesis, analysis, comparison, and other methods are used.


By optimizing the on time of the steam, to provide a coke oven gas extenders method capable of maximizing the amount of generated coke oven gas. According to the present invention, as water-gas reaction (water-gas reaction) is performed in during the process of dry distillation of coal in the carbonization chamber of the coke oven 500 ° C. or higher, the steam Gasuwei of the coke oven carbonization chamber turned maximum Suruga, by generation of coke oven gas the steam introduced point increases the steam on time in advance before the time is maximized, the reaction of the carbon present in the carbonization chamber of the coke oven characterized by reduction. .Field


: Nigeria from colonial period through post colonial period has settled for federal system of government which allows for division of powers and jurisdictions among the levels of government that make up the federation. Overtime, there have been observable imperfections in the Nigerian federalism which have triggered protests, agitations and patriotic calls for restructuring of the system. This study was intended to expose those factors that gave rise to imperfections in the Nigerian federal system and proposed the form/shape of restructuring to be adopted in the country. To achieve the above broad objective, content analytical method was adopted as data were generated from secondary sources such as official publications, articles from reputable journals, newspapers, conference and workshop papers, internet materials, textbooks, etc. This source was augmented with direct observation of the practice of federalism in Nigeria. Cooperative Federalism is the theory upon which the study is anchored. The findings revealed that there have been a lot of contradictions in the Nigerian federalism which needed urgent restructuring to bring the system to minimum international best practices. On the basis of the foregoing, we commended as follows: that there should be devolution of more powers to the federating units in Nigeria; that fiscal federalism should be practiced to give room for resource control by the federating units and that the principles of federal character as enshrined in our national constitution should be observed in appointment and location of critical infrastructure across all sections of the country.


In this paper, we propose a hierarchical SVM framework for multiclass classification problems. Use of multiple SVMs in a hierarchical structure has been a popular approach to handle multiclass classification by Support Vector Machines which are otherwise known to two-class classifiers. Among commonly-used hierarchical structures, binary tree structured SVM has computational advantages over other techniques. In order to devise an effective tree structured hierarchy of multiple SVMs, it is important to devise a process of recursive subdivision of classes, known as binarization process. We propose here a greedy heuristic as binarization strategy with partition function as the separability measure. To the best of our knowledge, no attempt has been made in this direction and the proposed algorithm takes advantage of partition function, binary structure and class membership information. We show empirically that our method provides higher accuracy with less computational overhead compared to most of the major multiclass SVM classifiers. Our method is also useful in taxonomy learning for multiclass problems.


Editor's notes: Editor's note: Battery aging is becoming a major concern in mobile devices such as laptops or smartphones and often results in premature device replacement. This perspective article gives an overview of recent advances made in battery-health-aware charging and highlights the benefits of making chargers more intelligent to improve the cycle life of different battery-powered devices. —Sudeep Pasricha, Colorado State University


A HPLC method was established for the determination of 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenylindane.The HPLC system consisted of Spherisorb C_(18) column (250?mm~4.6?mm 5?μm), methanol-water(95∶5 v/v) mixture as mobile phase, with detection at 254?nm, flow rate 1.0?mL·min~(-1) and column temperature at room temperature.The linear range is 1.6~32.0?μg (r=0.9998). The average recovery is 98%~102%, RSD in 0.73%. The method is simple, quick and accurate, suitable for the quality control of 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenyindane.


[Objective] The aim was to discuss the effects of probiotics on the growth of Cyprinus carpiod and water quality. [Method] Taking C. carpiod as the research object, probiotics were supplemented in the fodder and water to study their effects on the growth of C. carpiod and water quality. [Result] Probiotics had promoting effects on the growth of C. carpiod and its optimum dosage was 6%. pH, ammonia nitrogen content and nitrite content in water body in experimental groups were all lower than those in control group. [Conclusion] Compound probiotics had a broad application foreground in the aquatic breeding industry.


Objective To study the function of human thyroid stimulating hormone(hTSH) receptor(hTSHR) transfected into Chinese hamster ovary(CHO) cells. Methods Genomic cDNA was prepared from CHO cells expressing hTSHR(CHO-hTSHR).The hTSHR cDNA sequences integrated in genome of CHO cells was demonstrated via PCR amplifying and DNA sequencing.The basic function of the recombinant hTSHR was estimated by radioligand binding assay.The bioactivity of the receptor was estimated by measuring cAMP production in response to bovine TSH(bTSH) stimulation. ResultsThe length of PCR product was consistent with expectation,and the sequence was identical with that of hTSHR cDNA in GenBank.In binding assay,with the increasing concentration of unlabled bTSH,the binding of labeled bTSH to receptor decreased correspondingly.In TSH stimulating assay,with the increasing concentration of bTSH,cAMP production increased gradually until the concentration of bTSH at 10 mIU/mL. Conclusion hTSHR cDNA can integrate into genome of subculture CHO-hTSHR cells and the recombinant hTSHR expressing on plasma membrane has favourable bioactivity.CHO-hTSHR cells are suitable for detecting serum thyroid-stimulating antibody(TSAb) and thyroid-stimulating blocking antibody(TSBAb) activity in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease.


One of the most challenging problems in ATM network design is providing diversified quality of service (QoS) to applications with distinct characteristics. A flexible priority service policy for two applications (classes) with strict-and in general distinct-deadlines and different deadline violation rates (loss rates) is studied. The proposed policy is a generalization of the shortest time to extinction (STE) policy (or the early-due-date policy which discards expired cells). The relationship of this policy to other standard ones is also discussed. Performance measures such as cell loss, mean cell-delay and the tail of the cell-delay probability distribution are derived for each class. Numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of the studied priority scheme. Finally, a low-complexity implementation scheme is proposed, which does not require time-stamp-based sorting.


Abstract : The sponsored research is aimed at supporting PI's U.S. graduate students at Boston University for thesis research in the area of ionospheric radio physics. The reported subjects include (1) comparison of TOPEX and Global Positioning System total electron content measurements at equatorial anomaly latitudes (published by J.A. Viadimer, M.C. Lee, P.H. Doherty, D.T. Decker, and D.N. Anderson, in Radio Science, Volume 32, Number 6, pp. 2209-2220, 1997) and (2) longitude structure of Ionospheric total electron content at low latitudes measured by the TOPEX/Poseidon Satellite (published by J.A. Vladimer, P. Jastrzebski, M.C. Lee, P.H. Doherty, D.T. Decker, and D.N. Anderson, in Radio Science, Volume-34, Number 5, pp. 1239-1260, 1999).


The tensor relations describing the shear deviatoric strains and rotation strains may be presented as vector relations in a special coordinate system, e.g., in the diagonal or off-diagonal one. However, these fields can be also presented in the 4D invariant forms by means of invariant Dirac tensors. We present 4D relativistic relations for the invariant shear deviatoric strain and rotation strain vectors closely related to a fracture process in solids and to the molecular strains (shear and rotational) in fluids. These shear and rotation strains may interact with the radial derivatives of pressure along the propagation directions.


The PAC is the strongest cadence and it is frequently found at the very end of a composition. Why is it the strongest? Because not only does the progression V-I strongly create the sense of a particular tonality (Note: V serves to establish I because of its dominant relation to I and because it contains the leading tone which projects the tonic pitch), but when the soprano line ends on the tonic scale degree the effect of completion or closure is stronger than if it ended on the 3rd or 5th scale degree.


Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection can have multisystem involvements. The inflammation sequelae can cause myocarditis. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted Ireland significantly. Understanding of myocardial involvement in COVID-19 is not fully elucidated but has been reported. The Centre for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Blackrock Clinic in Ireland is a high volume CMR centre with approximately 4500 cases per year and accepting referral from all hospital in Ireland. These analyses are to describe the CMR findings in COVID-19 positive and probable cases attending the centre. Methods Consecutive 65 referrals with mention of "COVID-19" from March 2020 to December 2020 was assessed. 56 cases were included in this analysis. Cases were categorised as COVID-19 positive cases or probable (viral illness like symptoms) cases. The demography and CMR parameters were collected. Serial imaging of selected cases was included. Descriptive analyses methods were applied. Results In the period of 10 months, there was 49 COVID-19 positive cases (65.3% male; median age 49 [32 : 61] years) and 7 COVID-19 probable cases (42.9% male; median age 39 [37 : 59] years). In the COVID-19 positive cases, 25 had normal CMR, 11 has evidence of myocarditis, 1 with pericarditis, 2 with infarction/ischaemia, 3 with dilated cardiomyopathy, 2 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 5 with other findings. There were 3 COVID-19 positive cases with serial imaging showing resolving myocarditis (100% female; median age 41 [30 : 47] years). 2 professional athletes with COVID-19 positive test showed no evidence of myocarditis. There are no significant differences in the age of male COVID-19 positive versus female group (p= 0.0752). Different demography and CMR parameters and tissue characterisation are described in Table 1 and Table 2. Conclusions The prevalence of myocarditis in this cohort is approximately 1 in 5 (21.4%). Within the COVID-19 positive cases, the prevalence is 22.4%. These observations may reflect selection bias for CMR referral in those with cardiac symptoms or cardiac enzymes leak. Abstract Table 1 Abstract Table 2


The paper has the detailed introduction of the controlling points of the measurement work of the high-rise buildings,illustrates the precautions for the measurement requirements,the preparation,and the control of the vertical degree,so as to direct the factual measurement work,and to ensure the smooth realization of the quality aims of the architectural projects.


...................................................................................................................................................................... 3 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE.............................................................................................................................................. 3 RESEARCH QUESTION .................................................................................................................................................. 5 METHODS AND MATERIAL.......................................................................................................................................... 5 CAUSAL LOOP DIAGRAM............................................................................................................................................. 6 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................. 7 PART I. HEALTHY DIET AND DIETARY TRANSITION ....................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 1: HEALTHY DIET AND HUMAN HEALTH......................................................................................... 8 1.1 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES........................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 FOOD PYRAMID...................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.3 CURRENT TRENDS IN FOOD CONSUMPTION .................................................................................................. 13 CHAPTER 2: DIETARY TRANSITION AND HUMAN HEALTH ......................................................................... 14 2.1 OUTBREAK OF NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES........................................................................................... 15 2.1.1 NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND REALITY......................................................................................... 15 2.2 UNDERNUTRITION VERSUS OVERNUTRITION ............................................................................................... 17 2.3 LIVESTOCK DISEASES........................................................................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER 3: GLOBALIZATION AND DIET .......................................................................................................... 18 3.1 GLOBALIZATION.................................................................................................................................................... 18 3.2 URBANIZATION ...................................................................................................................................................... 19 3.3 FOOD PROCESSING................................................................................................................................................ 19 3.4 MARKETING AND SALE........................................................................................................................................ 20 PART II. THE LIVESTOCK REVOLUTION ............................................................................................................ 20 CHAPTER 4: WORLD FOOD SUPPLY AND ANIMAL PRODUCTION............................................................... 21 4.1 TRENDS IN CONSUMPTION OF ANIMAL FOOD PRODUCTS ......................................................................... 21 4.2 FARM CONCENTRATION ...................................................................................................................................... 22 4.3 COMPETITION FOR FOOD AND FEED CONVERSION...................................................................................... 23 4.3.1 RESULTS FOR FEED CONVERSION.................................................................................................................. 26 4.4 THE WORLD GRAIN RESERVES .......................................................................................................................... 27 CHAPTER 5: LIVESTOCK AND THE ENVIRONMENT........................................................................................ 28 5.1 POLLUTION AND BIODIVERSITY ....................................................................................................................... 28 5.1.1 RESULTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS.............................................................................................. 30 CHAPTER 6: NATURAL RESOURCES ................................................................................................................... 30 6.1 LOSS AND POLLUTION OF WATER .................................................................................................................... 30 6.2 LOSS OF LAND AND UNUTILIZED PASTURES ................................................................................................. 31 6.3 LOSS OF FOSSIL FUELS......................................................................................................................................... 32 CHAPTER 7: LIVESTOCK IN SLOVAKIA.............................................................................................................. 32 7.1 TRANSITION COUNTRY AND THE TREND IN FOOD CONSUMPTION......................................................... 32 7.2 TREND IN MEAT CONSUMPTION........................................................................................................................ 33 7.3 GRAIN CONSUMPTION.......................................................................................................................................... 33 7.4 ANIMAL FEED CONSUMPTION............................................................................................................................ 34 7.5 WEATHER INSTABILITY AND CROP YIELDS................................................................................................... 34 7.6 RESULTS FOR FIELD STUDY IN SLOVAKIA ..................................................................................................... 35 CHAPTER 8: DISCUSSION....................................................................................................................................... 39 8.1 THE LIVESTOCK REVOLUTION AND POVERTY.............................................................................................. 39 8.2 WHO SHOULD CARRY THE COSTS OF POLLUTION?...................................................................................... 41


The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms whereby ions and polar molecules are translocated across the hydrophobic barrier of a lipid bilayer in biological membranes is one of the most challenging problems in biological research. Specific membrane proteins, such as pumps, carriers and channels, play the central role in the various translocation pathways. Recent progress in expression cloning has provided the sequence of a number of biologically important membrane proteins and in principle the door is open to investigate every protein which might be of importance in the central signal transduction and transport processes. Unfortunately, to date there are only a few examples where the three-dimensional structure of membrane proteins are known at atomic resolution. The photosynthetic reaction centres from purple bacteria (Deisenhofer et al. 1985), bacteriorhodopsin (Henderson et al. 1990) and the large porin channel of Rhodobacter capsulata (Weiss et al. 1991). According to these structural data membrane proteins seem to fold in general in membrane-spanning α-helices and β-strands in order to saturate hydrogen bonds. Only these two motifs seem to form stable structures which can be in contact with the hydrophobic lipid interior of a membrane.


A real-time virtual audio reality model has been created. The system includes model-based sound synthesizers, geometric room acoustics modeling, binaural auralization for headphone or loudspeaker listening, and high-quality animation. The design goals of the overall project have been to create a virtual musical event that is as authentic as possible both in terms of audio and visual quality. Novelties of this system include a real-time image-source algorithm for rooms of arbitrary shape, shorter HRTF filter approximations for more efficient auralization, and a network-based distributed implementation of the audio processing softand hardware.


Background/Aims Preventable hospital readmissions are the focus of many performance metrics. However, little attention has been given to preventing index admissions. The likelihood of hospitalization (LOH) is a statistical model (Verisk Analytics®) which uses patient historical clinical data and logistic regression to predict the likelihood of admission in the next six months. One of our goals was to test the accuracy of the LOH model to predict hospitalizations. The second goal was to identify possible common intervenable causes for the hospitalization. Methods We obtained the list of patients with LOH scores in the top 1% calculated as of July 1, 2012. We then retrospectively identified which of these patients had hospitalizations in the following 6 months. We censored patients who had hospitalizations related to trauma and pregnancy. We performed chart reviews on a subset of the hospitalized patients and classified reasons for the admission into intervenable or non-intervenable causes. Results Of the patients in the top 1% of LOH (N = 1460; mean LOH = 0.47), 412 (28.2%) were hospitalized within 6 months of the LOH calculation date. The average age and percent female for hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients was 74.1 years, 57.8% and 73.4 years, 60.0%, respectively (not significant). 324 of the hospitalized patients had no emergency department visits in the prior 6 months. Fifty percent of hospitalizations occurred within 33 days of the LOH calculation date. We performed chart reviews on 134 (32.5%) of the hospitalized patients. Twenty-eight patients (20.9%) were classified with intervenable causes for the admission, 19 (67.9%) of which were related to system issues such as inadequate follow-up after procedures or medication adjustments. Conclusions Identifying patients with intervenable causes for hospitalizations may significantly decrease unnecessary admissions. Risking algorithms may have utility in developing strategies to identify these patients. Risk of Hospitalization (RHO2) uses near real-time clinical data from the electronic medical to calculate risk scores. Future studies will compare the performance characteristics of LOH to RHO2 to identify overlapping cohorts of patients. If RHO2 performs as well as LOH, we will use the near-real time clinical data in RHO2 to flag patients with intervenable causes of hospitalization at the point-of-care.


Research issues the young years family matters the treatment experience bone marrow transplantation posttraumatic stress sexuality survivors palliative care informed consent confronting Icarus.


An advantage of process incapability index over the classical process capability index is that it provides uncontaminated separation between process accuracy and process precision. However, the value of the index is hard to be obtained accurately when process parameters cannot be determined precisely. In such case fuzzy set theory can be applied to get more flexible and more sensitive information. In this article a fuzzy process incapability index is proposed when the specification limits are assumed to be type-2 fuzzy. When the process mean and variance are unknown and when the data collected is fuzzy, three fuzzy estimators are considered. A simulation study is conducted based on a TFT-LCD fuzzy process. By employing the total integral value method to the membership function of a fuzzy index, the comparisons of quality among different processes become easier.


Analysis of loan repayment among rice farmers in Enugu State, Nigeria was studied using one hundred and eighty respondents. These respondents were selected using multi stage sampling procedure and purposive selection procedure. The objectives of the study were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the broiler farmers, identify the various broiler management practices the farmers put their credit into, assess the determinant factors influencin loan repayments among the farmers and identify the constraints to loan repayment by the farmers in the study area. Structured questionnaire was used to collect information for the study. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive such as frequency distribution table and percentage responses, inferential statistics such as Logit model and factor analysis. The results of the study indicated that the sampled farmers were youthful, females, married, and had large household size and farming experience of above 11 years. Also, microfinance and commercial banks were the major sources of credit to the farmers. In addition, the major uses the credit was put into by the farmers were in purchasing feeds and buying of drugs and vaccines. The determinant factors to rice farmers' loan repayment ability were household size, extension services, membership of organization, farming experience, educational level and off-farm income. The constraints to the farmers' ability to repay their loan were high interest rate, low productivity, high collateral, poor loan assessment and changes in bank policy changes. The need to enhance the farmers' access to training, offfarm income and the need to give rebate to farmers that repay their loans at appropriate time were recommended. Keywords— Analysis, Loan, Repayment, Broiler, Farmers, Enugu State, Nigeria.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to the manufacturing and molding methods thereof for a semiconductor circuit lines, put prepared silver rod so as to have a predetermined length in the electric furnace upright in the center of the mold after the silver surface of the rod is heated so that the semi-molten state, an electric furnace gold molten metal poured into the mold to surround the outside of the silver rod if the surface of the silver rod semi molten state the gold melt if Hiyase gradually inner is fused impregnated in the surface of the silver rod is semi molten state, the cooled product after was annealed again put into the annealing furnace, the the annealing is completed it the manufacturing a semiconductor circuit lines by extending the required diameter by extraction from the mold.


Multiprocessors are the basic building block of all modern computing systems. Despite the benefits yielded by the ability to execute applications concurrently, the rivalry between applications for the chip's shared resources, such the Last Level Cache and the memory bandwidth, can be detrimental to performance. Especially in commercial cloud environments, the provider is obliged to abide by strict performance guarantees required by certain applications (Quality of Service goals), leading to the isolated execution of the latter in dedicated servers to avoid interference, and consequently to the system's underutilization. As a result, extensive research has been conducted on the problem of application interference. This diploma thesis focuses on predicting cases where interference might be present by utilizing exclusively data by low-level hardware performance counters gathered during isolated application execution. The main characteristic of our approach is that it does not require executing an application with co-runners to decide whether it will suffer from or create contention, making it ideal for cloud environments, where subjecting an application to artificial interference is prohibitive. Our final mechanisms consists of two machine learning base multiclass classifiers. Each classifier receives a s input a specific set of hardware performance counter values and classifies the application in regards to its ability to cause interference (noise) and its sensitivity to it. We also showcase how the labels we have assigned each application can then be utilized by an application scheduler in a datacenter, in order to maximize the performance of high-priority applications.


Feature location, an important task in program comprehension, occurs when the developer identifies the source code entity or entities responsible for implementing a functionality. Researchers have applied static analysis techniques to multiple software maintenance tasks, including feature localization. Static analysis techniques operate on a document corpus. Configuration and preprocessing decisions are required to build a suitable source code corpus for a static analysis technique. Currently, there is little guidance in the software engineering literature for making such configuration decisions. This paper focuses on two preprocessing methods for source code corpora, identifier splitting and stop word lists. We experiment on three open source Java test suites, i.e. Mylyn 1.0.1, Rhino 1.5R5, and Rhino 1.6R5. Our results indicate that identifier splitting and stop word list decisions do not significantly affect the performance of the LDA based feature location technique.


A series of (Fe, Mn)/SiO2 nanocatalysts (, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt.%) were prepared by sol-gel method and studied for the light olefins production from synthesis gas. It was found that the catalyst containing 20 wt.% (Fe, Mn)/SiO2 is an optimal nano catalyst for production of C2–C4 olefins. Effects of sulfur treatment on the catalyst performance of optimal catalyst have been studied by espousing different volume fractions of H2S in a fixed bed stainless steel reactor. The results show that the catalyst treated with 6 v% of H2S had high catalytic performance for C2–C4 light olefins production. The best operational conditions were H2/CO = 3/2 molar feed ratio at 260°C and GHSV = 1100 h−1 under 1 bar total pressure. Characterization of catalysts was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and surface area measurements.


We introduce a classification scheme for the generators of open fermionic Gaussian dynamics. We simultaneously partition the dynamics along the following four lines: (1) unitary versus non-unitary, (2) active versus passive, (3) state-dependent versus state-independent, and (4) single-mode versus multi-mode. We find that only nine of these 16 types of dynamics are possible. Using this partition we discuss the consequences of imposing complete positivity on fermionic Gaussian dynamics. In particular, we show that completely positive dynamics must be either unitary (and so can be implemented without an quantized environment) or active (and so must involve particle exchange with an environment).


In this paper, we report high performance top-emitting quantum dot light-emitting diodes (TE-QLEDs) with an interfacial modification layer. The specular metal bottom electrode was modified by an interfacial layer to improve the wettability of the aqueous solution on a metal electrode. By doing so, the potential barrier between the metal electrode and hole injection layer is decreased and the hole injection is enhanced. The capacitance analysis was used to understand the charge transfer process of the TE-QLEDs. The result showed that the indium tin oxide (ITO) interface layer is the best among NiOx, MoO3, and ITO. As a consequence, the red TE-QLEDs with an ITO interfacial modification layer show a maximum luminance and maximum external quantum efficiency of 18 880 cd/m2 and 11.8%, respectively. Our works indicate that the interfacial modification with metal oxides is an effective approach for high performance TE-QLEDs.


The outcome of a heavy ion-induced fusion reaction is usually compared with predictions of a statistical model (SM). Any mismatch between the measured and the calculated quantities e.g. evaporation residue (ER) cross section (σER), fission cross section (σfiss), pre-scission neutron multiplicity (νpre), fission fragment (FF) angular anisotropy (A) etc. is interpreted as signatures of phenomena not described by the statistical models of compound nucleus (CN) decay. Presence of nonCN fission (NCNF) in a reaction causes the fusion probability (PCN) to deviate from unity, resulting in discrepancies between experimental observations and model predictions. Since formation of ER is the clearest signature of fusion between two heavy nuclei, an attempt was made to quantify PCN by comparing measured and calculated ER excitation functions for many reactions [1]. Banerjee et al. reported measuremnt of fission excitation functions and FF angular anisotropies [2] for a number of Si-induced reactions. Based on comparison of data with predictions of the SM, onset of NCNF was confirmed in preactinide nuclei. Shell effects, both in the level density and in the fission barrier were included in the SM. One must note here that some ambiguities still remain about the choice of the input parameters of the SM. These can be constrained significantly by trying to reproduce data from a large number of reactions, as was reported in Refs. [1, 2]. However, some physical effects e.g. orientation of K (projection of CN angular momentum on the nuclear symmetry axis), and collective enhancement in level density (CELD) were not taken into account. Fission excitation function and FF angular


This paper classifies the condition of subalternism as a major productive location for nationalism and identity politics in the post-colonial world. It is predicated on the subaltern theory which underscores the perspective of the ''other'' as having no voice because of class, gender, and religion. It draws attention to the question of subaltern speakability in the construction of the drama of the Niger Delta by focusing on Ola Rotimi's Akassa Youmi, a drama of the region which has come to be appreciated as drama of nationalism and identity politics. Special attention is drawn to the fact that the play is founded concretely on minority, oppressed and marginalised voices in the postcolonial universe of the Niger Delta. Thus the creation of this drama is galvanized by the dramatists desire to give voice to the marginalised and oppressed people of Nembe. The study further holds the subaltern premise that subordinated people do not experience their circumstances passively but negotiate their position in society thus becoming agents in the making of their own history.


The preceding paper (Sudi, 1974) reports partial success in describing the conversion of ENADH plus pyruvate into E NAD+ plus lactate in terms of a simple Haldane-type scheme which involves two intermediates (E NADH and E NAD ), where E represents lactate dehydrogenase. This information is completed here by reporting kinetic results obtained by carrying out the same reaction in the opposite direction. The combined results of these two papers confirm the findings of Holbrook & Gutfreund (1973) that the observed spectral changes do take place at the level of resolution of this simple two-intermediate scheme. The following numerical values for the rate (and equilibrium) constants involved in their formation and decomposition are reported: It is shown that although the precision of estimation of some of these numerical values is subject to some experimental uncertainty, their derivation from direct experimental observations only involves the principle of microscopic reversibility. This paper describes stopped-flow kinetic observations made with ENAD and lactate as the two reactants. It is shown that fluorescence and u.v.-absorption measurements yield the same experimental rate constant for the last reaction step in which ENADH is generated. On the other hand, the generation of E NADH can only be indirectly observed, as a less than stoicheiometric Pyr 'burst', and by u.v.-absorption measurements only. It is shown that the stoicheiometry of this partial 'burst reaction', and a pre-equilibrium factor in the directly observed rate of E NADH-production, yield equivalent information about the reversible


Thin films of cobalt‐iron oxides (CoFe2O4) with spinel‐type structure were prepared by pulsed‐spray evaporation chemical vapor deposition (PSE‐CVD) using Fe(acac)3 and Co(acac)3 as precursors. The optimal depositions of CVD‐type growth have been established and such growth can be achieved at 400 °C. The obtained films have been systematically characterized in terms of structure (XRD and Raman), surface, and bulk composition (XPS and EDS) as well as morphology (SEM). CoFe2O4 has been successfully tested as an active catalyst toward total oxidation of CO, C3H6, dimethyl ether (DME), and n‐C4H8. The results indicate that both the lattice and adsorbed oxygen presented at the surface of the catalyst play determinant roles in the catalytic oxidation process.


In the past half century, American farmers have lived through one of the most profound transformations in the nation's history: the number offarmers has fallen precipitously, capital investment has soared as machinery and chemicals replaced draft animals and human labor, government policy makers increasingly control farm decisions, and survival has come to rest on cash flow. The changes have been general and widespread. Their particular form, timing, and extent have varied widely by region, however, and the way farmers have actually experienced them has varied, additionally, according to class, race, and gender. In the fall of 1986, the Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the National Museum of American History began documenting these changes from the point of view of older farmers in the South. An Oral History of Southern Agriculture has now created an archive of some 180 interviews with men and women who came of age with the New Deal and participated in the region's transition to modern capitalist agriculture.1 As project researchers, Curator Pete Daniel and I sought to reflect diversity by organizing field trips according to major commodity areas as well as by interviewing a cross-section offarmers: men and women, black and white, landowners and former plantation overseers, wage hands and sharecroppers. Narrators described changes in work associated with cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar, peanuts, dairying and poultry.


One of the elements that most regularly figure in royal inscriptions in the Ancient Near East is the reference to divinities. This has traditionally been considered a direct result o f the importance granted to the king's necessity to explicit the support received from the gods in his election as a proof of legitimacy. To be the one chosen by the gods was the inevitable previous step to a subsequent acceptance by the king's subjects. Certainly, from a practical point of view, the first legitimacy factor is constituted by the capacity for good government. But the prevailing ideological codes demanded, from a literary point of view as well, a demonstration of divine intervention as a basis for the exercise of power (Liverani 1995: 236). If we transfer these schemes, initially valid for all Ancient Middle Eastern royal inscriptions, to the Phoenician sphere we discover a surprising and meaningful anomaly that requires some sort of explanation. We are going to focus on funerary royal inscriptions. Four inscriptions of this sort have been preserved, those Ahïrom1, Bitnocam2, Tibnït3 and Eámün'azor.4 This sort o f inscription is characterized, from a literary point of view, by a remarkable typological homogeniety, constant through centuries. It generally contains the name of the deceased, his genealogy and titles, sometimes the


There has been an increasing attention on learning feature representations from the complex, high-dimensional audio data applied in various music information retrieval (MIR) problems. Unsupervised feature learning techniques, such as sparse coding and deep belief networks have been utilized to represent music information as a term-document structure comprising of elementary audio codewords. Despite the widespread use of such bag-of-frames (BoF) model, few attempts have been made to systematically compare different component settings. Moreover, whether techniques developed in the text retrieval community are applicable to audio codewords is poorly understood. To further our understanding of the BoF model, we present in this paper a comprehensive evaluation that compares a large number of BoF variants on three different MIR tasks, by considering different ways of low-level feature representation, codebook construction, codeword assignment, segment-level and song-level feature pooling, tf-idf term weighting, power normalization, and dimension reduction. Our evaluations lead to the following findings: 1) modeling music information by two levels of abstraction improves the result for difficult tasks such as predominant instrument recognition, 2) tf-idf weighting and power normalization improve system performance in general, 3) topic modeling methods such as latent Dirichlet allocation does not work for audio codewords.


Colonic lipoma is a benign neoplasm that can lead to colonic obstruction but concomitant intussusception is rare in adults. In this case, colocolic intussusception due to a lipoma in descending colon occured. This was diagnosed using laparatomy, and any intervention to reduce it failed. So resection of the colon with mass and anastomosis were performed. After the surgery and 3 years of follow up, no complications were observed. We present this case, and briefly review the literature of colonic intussusception in adults.


The vibration behavior was investigated of thin-to-moderately thick functionally graded carbon nanotube (FG-CNT) reinforced composite quadrilateral plates resting on elastic foundations. In the study, transverse shear and rotatory inertia were incorporated through first-order shear deformation theory. The improved moving least-squares-Ritz method was employed to derive the eigenvalue equation of the plate vibration. The study examined the effects of the elastic Winkler medium, CNT ratios, distributions of CNTs, boundary conditions, side angles, thickness-to-width ratios, and the relative plate aspect ratios on the vibration response of the FG-CNT reinforced composite plates. A set of vibration frequencies and mode shapes for the FG-CNT reinforced composite quadrilateral plates is presented. Additionally, a comprehensive parametric study and vivid mode shape plots demonstrate details of the vibration spectrum of the FG-CNT reinforced composite plates.


The invention provides a method and device for saving FRR protection resources. The method comprises the steps that firstly, a head node judges whether a current CRLSP or MPLS TE tunnel needs FRR protection or not; secondly, when the head node judges that the current CRLSP or MPLS TE tunnel needs the FRR protection, a message carrying a preset label is sent to the current CRLSP or MPLS TE tunnel to inform a local restoring node PLR on the CRLSP or MPLS TE tunnel to establish an FRR. According to the technical scheme, the FRR protection is only established for the CRLSP or MPLS TE tunnel needing the FRR protection, and network resources can be effectively saved.


This study aims to prove the effect of Institutional Ownership, Proportion of Independent Commissioners, Audit Committee, Sales Growth, Leverage, Capital Intensity and Inventory Intensity on Tax Avoidance. The sample of this research is 188 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019. The sample selection method used was purposive sampling and obtained a sample of 30 companies. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that. Institutional ownership has no effect on Tax Avoidance, the proportion of Independent Commissioners has no effect on Tax Avoidance, the Audit Committee has no effect on Tax Avoidance, Sales Growth has no effect on Tax Avoidance, Leverage has no effect on Tax Avoidance, Capital Intensity has no effect on Tax Avoidance, and Inventory Intensity has no effect on Tax Avoidance. In conclusion, the effect on Tax Avoidance is the proportion of independent commissioners and sales growth.
Keywords: Capital Intensity, Inventory Intensity, Institutional Ownership, Audit  Committee, Leverage, Sales Growth, Proportion of Independent Commissioners, Tax Avoidance


In this paper we discuss the motivation and process for planning, building, and monitoring a translation memory (TM) that serves both human-and machine-translated text segments in a production e-commerce environment. We consider the quality improvements associated with serving human translations for commonly used and mis-translated strings, and the cost benefits of avoiding multiple re-translations of the same source text segments. We cover the technical considerations and architecture for each stage of the TM pipeline


Commercial cellulase enzymes have been used in the food, detergent, and textile industries, and are potentially effective for processing biomass feedstocks. A survey was undertaken to identify major manufacturers/distributors of cellulases in the USA and to evaluate 13 representative commercial preparations for enzyme activity, protein concentration, and chemical composition. Samples were subjected to activity measurements using filter paper, carboxymethylcellulose, cellobiose, and p-nitrophenyl-b-D-glucopyranoside as substrates. To ascertain the microbial origin of the commercial preparations, Western blots utilizing monoclonal antibodies specific for Trichoderma reesei CBH I and Aspergillus niger b-D-glucosidase were developed. Eleven of the cellulases tested were of T. reesei or T. viride origin and two were from A. niger.


The present invention provides an IP address management method for a virtual machine, comprising: IP management system to add corresponding thereto in accordance with a set of IP addresses IP address range; IP management system and a set of IP addresses division processing, and obtained continuously available IP addresses. Using the IP address of the management methods for obtaining a continuous pool of available IP addresses, which address not only solved the conflict, and to ensure the IP address of the virtual machine of the same workgroup at the same IP address pool, facilitate virtual machines in the same workgroup management.


Using the critical state model, the structure of surface flux pinning in a type II superconducting slab of finite thickness is studied. The surface barrier disappears when the external field approaches a superheating field. The flux lines (FLs) metastable state appears when the external field reaches a supercooling field. The critical superheating and the supercooling fields depend on the applied field orientation and the self field generated by a transport current flowing through the slab.


In 1931 Gerhard Lamprecht directed the film version of Erich Kastner's popular novel Emil und die Detektive. A hugely successful film at the time, it was aimed to appeal to adults and children alike. This article is going to explore the film's varying aesthetic approaches in terms of its use of sound and music. A discussion of the fact that the film has been apparently overlooked in film textbooks, particularly with regard to its use of sound, will be attempted. A number of different factors with regard to the optical sound process (sync and post-sync) will be considered, along with a discussion of what are widely understood as technological determinants at the time of the film's release.


This article is the second in a two‐part series. The first outlined why coaching is an imperative, the forces that create complexity, and the need to identify the behaviour that has to change as a critical first step in the coaching process. Part 2 explores the need for a coaching model; respect as a factor in the basic coaching relationship, the difference between counselling, tutoring, mentoring and performance improvement; the relationship between coaching and control; and the importance of setting the context if coaching interventions are to succeed. The material and the concepts behind the ideas explored are drawn from experience within the Lawson Mardon Group, a major international printing and packaging conglomerate with more than 40 businesses spread throughout six countries.


Microscopy and microanalysis research increasingly depends on sophisticated computational analysis to derive meaningful signals from large, complex, multidimensional, and often noisy data sets. Analysis methods span a range from physically-motivated approaches with no adjustable parameters, through unsupervised machine learning (ML) methods which require careful hyperparameter optimization, to supervised ML methods which require labeled training data


The research article covers the special features of legislative control of resistance to extremism in Russian Federation and the North Caucasian republics. The author analyses legislative aspects of modern state criminal policy in struggle with extremism and the legislative experience of Dagestan Republic, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia in the field of extremism resistance, he tries to reveal collisions and antagonisms in legal regulation. The main conclusions can be used particularly in law improving of states on the South federal district in sphere of extremism resistance, elaboration of adequate penal and other measures against extremist development in the society.


Three novel saturating PD with gravity compensation control laws are developed for robotic manipulators in this study. By employing nonlinear proportional control, the proposed approaches extend existing saturating PD control for robotic manipulators. Stability analysis and simulations are presented to validate the proposed approach.


The embodiment discloses an implantable interactive method and device. The method comprises: in a video media live broadcast process, obtaining the interactive information of a first user, wherein the first user is the user watching live broadcast; analyzing the interactive information; when the interactive information is first interactive information, determining a target object corresponding to the first interactive information, and displaying the first interactive information pointing to the target object in the live broadcast video data; and when the interactive information is second interactive information, determining an adjustment instruction according to the second interactive information, and adjusting and broadcasting the live broadcast video data. The method can clearly display interactive information in the live broadcast video data, generate video data with spatial characteristics, and facilitate video data adjustment for users.


In this paper, we study the relations between the tribonacci matrix and the Pascal matrix. Furthermore, we define the tribonacci matrix and two new matrices, Rn and An. In addition, we use these two new matrices and a simple method to give two factorizations of the tribonacci matrix and the Pascal matrix. Also, we find some combinatorial identities from the matrix representation of the tribonacci matrix and the Pascal matrix.


1Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique, Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; 2Institut National de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSSA), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo; 3Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; 4Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; 5"Chantal Biya" International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/Aids Prevention and Management (CBIRC), Yaoundé, Cameroon; 6Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon; 7Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana Background: Burkina-Faso's HIV/AIDS program is one of the most successful in Africa, with a declining HIV prevalence and treatment outcomes that rival those of developed countries. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) guidelines in BurkinaFaso, initiated in the year 2000, were revised in 2004, 2006 and 2010. The guideline document has since undergone several stages of improvement, largely based on recommendations from WHO, with adaptations by local experts in the field. Option B+ adopted since August 2014 in Burkina-Faso has enabled maintenance of mothers on longer treatment and increasing their survival and that of their children. Through this review, we describe the achievements and challenges of HIV PMTCT programs in Burkina-Faso. Aims of study: This study had the following objectives: 1) describing the historical perspective of PMTCT implementation in Burkina-Faso; 2) presenting the effectiveness of interventions at improving PMTCT service delivery and promoting retention of mothers and babies in care; and 3) determining the impact of male partner involvement on PMTCT in Burkina-Faso. Methodology: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google. Search terms included the following keywords: "HIV testing"; "prevention"; "mother"; "child"; "male partner"; "counseling"; "involvement"; "participation"; and the grouped terms "PMTCT and partners"; "VCT"; "barriers and/or factors"; "Male involvement in PMTCT"; and "BurkinaFaso". Data collection took place from May to October 2015. The search was limited to articles published between January 2002 and December 2015. UNICEF and UNAIDS web sites were also used to find relevant abstracts and documents. Results: Studies have revealed that with PMTCT, HIV transmission rate moved from 10.4% in 2006 to 0% in 2015. The PMTCT program remains the best way to care for HIV-infected pregnant women and their babies. The current PMTCT policy is based on evidence that male partner involvement is associated with women's completion of PMTCT. Conclusion: This study shows that the reduction in mother to child transmission of HIV in Burkina-Faso over the years is mainly due to the improvement of PMTCT programs. Efforts still need to be made about the involvement of male partners.


This invention relates to a multiplexer-demultiplexer wavelength optical fiber comprising a dispersive system (1) having a dispersion plane, at least one input fiber (2) having an output face, at least an output fiber (3) having an inlet face, means (4) optical conjugation of the input fiber's output face with the input face of the fiber output.The dispersive system and conjugation means form an optical system to transverse multiple foci (6) in the dispersion plane.


Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the mental health status of Korean adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and to verify the predictors and mediating effects of avoidance coping on the relationship between the intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety and the intolerance of uncertainty and depression.Methods: An online survey was completed by 191 Korean adults from 19 to 64 years old. Using the IBM SPSS Win 19.0 program, the data were analyzed through the frequency, mean, t-test or analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, linear regression analysis and Sobel test.Results: Of the survey respondents 21.5%, and 33.5% respectively were classified into anxiety and depression risk groups. The predictors of anxiety were intolerance of uncertainty (β=.52), avoidance coping (β=.21), and response efficacy (β=-.15). Those variables explained 47.7% of the respondents' anxiety. The predictors of depression were intolerance of uncertainty (β=.40), avoidance coping (β=.20), and response-efficacy (β=-.12). These variables explained 34.9% of the participants' depression. Among the predictors of anxiety and depression, avoidance coping was the significant mediating variable.Conclusion: The predictors of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic were revealed to be intolerance of uncertainty, avoidance coping, and response-efficacy. These results indicate the necessity of providing the cognitive interventions and reducing the use of avoidance coping strategies on a personal level. Community-level efforts, including early detection and health communication strategies, should prioritize risk groups for example young adults. The study suggests it will be necessary to provide sufficient information, psychological support and economic policy alternatives related to the COVID-19 pandemic on the national level.


Politicians routinely invoke hope on the campaign trail, presumably because they believe that inducements of hope attract supporters and impel citizens to the polls. Social psychologists and political scientists similarly posit that activating positive emotions like hope and other powerful psychological mechanisms has the capacity to stimulate prosocial behavior, like voting in elections. In this study, I subject these claims to empirical scrutiny by designing and implementing a series of randomized field experiments to examine whether inducing hope raises electoral participation. Overall, I find little evidence that hope affects voting behavior, but I acknowledge the null effects may reflect the [im]potency of the treatment.


This paper presents hybrid SAW modules with RF amplifier (RFA) and voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) for 146-174, 440-470 MHz mobile communication receivers. The module with RFA consisted of two SAW filters connected across the amplifier. 148.5, 460 MHz hybrid SAW modules with RFA and low-loss ring filters on 128/spl deg/YX LiNbO/sub 3/ have shown very low amplitude ripple of 0.1 dB within the 2 dB bandwidth about 1.5%, gain from 15 to 28 dB at 50 Ohm, local oscillator frequency and image frequency suppression over 90 dB at /spl plusmn/20.5 and /spl plusmn/41 MHz offsets respectively from the center frequency. We used VCO with SAW delay line and external phase shifter in the amplifier feedback loop. For the delay lines we used previously developed low-loss SAW ring filters on 128/spl deg/YX, 64/spl deg/YX, 49/spl deg/YX. 169, 480 MHz VCOs with SAW filters on 64/spl deg/YX were developed and 148.5, 460 MHz modules with RFA having SAW filters on 128/spl deg/YX are optimally combined. In this case for the variable frequency range about 2% and C/N of 85 dB control voltage from 0.5 to 5 volts is required. Hybrid SAW modules with RFA and VCO had small size and were mounted in 14.5/spl times/19.5/spl times/5 mm and 22/spl times/19.5/spl times/5 mm glass-and-metal packages.


There are some regions destined to play a role in history quite disproportionate to their size. Palestine and Greece are commonly accepted examples, but it would be a gross oversight to omit Schleswig-Holstein, at once the kernel of the German people and a homeland of the Anglo-Saxon stock. The archaeology of Schleswig-Holstein is a common heritage of the German and Englishspeaking peoples and it is no mean heritage. The centenary of the Museum vorgeschichtlicher Altertiimer in Kiel (formerly the Museum vaterlandischer Altertiimer), where the rich archaeological material is stored, is an event welco'med as cordially on this as on the far side of the North Sea. The immediate occasion has been marked by the publication of the Festschrift detailed above, in which may be found a historical chapter by Professor Schwantes, a number of short papers and excavation reports mainly of rather local interest and a longer paper of outstanding importance on the Swiderian (L. Sawicki, ' Das Alter der Swiderien-Industrie im Lichte der Geomorphologie des Weichselurstromtales der Umgebung von Warschau'). A more enduring memorial of the occasion, however, is the founding of the new Berichte und Mitteilungen des Museums vorgeschichtlicher Altertiimer in Kiel. The new periodical, the abbreviated title of which is Off a, is edited jointly by our Honorary Corresponding Member, Professor Schwantes, and by Dr Jankuhn, the excavator of Haithabu, and includes matter both of prehistoric and of proto-historic interest. Thanks to subsidies from the provincial administration and from the Gesellschaft fur Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte this magnificantly produced periodical is published at the absurdly low price of 9.6 RM. For Libraries and individuals wishing to keep abreast of some of the finest archaeological work in Germany to-day Offa can be recommended without reservation. The new periodical fills a gap, rendered all the more serious in recent years by the unprecedented activity at Kiel stimulated by Professor Schwantes and maintained by a keen and devoted team of younger men specialising on all periods from palaeolithic to proto-historic. The most outstanding contributions to the first volume of Offa (1936) in the field of prehistoric archaeology are Alfred Rust's account of the Stellmoor excavations, which disclosed a rich Ahrensburg level with flint, bone, antler and wooden objects overlying a Hamburgian level, the entire section being amenable to pollen-analysis, and Karl Kersten's report on the excavation of a house for the dead under a round barrow of period m of the Bronze Age at Grunhof-Tesperhude. Jankuhn's account of the Haithabu excavations (1935-6) and Martin Rudolph's essay on the wooden houses from the site, although strictly outside the sphere of prehistoric archaeology", must be mentioned for their inherent interest. Vol. 11 (1937) contains a most important article by Herman Schwabedissen on the geographical distribution of the Hamburgian in north-west Germany. Werner Haarnagel's paper on the early historical settlement of the marshes near the junction of the Elbe and Stor, in particular the wurt Hodorf, will be read with special attention by anyone with an interest in recent land-movement in south-eastern Britain, as will Ernst Dittmer's paper on the development of the Haseldorfer marsh. Finally, as linear earthworks play an important part in British Archaeology, it is impossible not to mention Giinther Haseloff's account of the recent section cut through the Danewerk ; the method of excavation and the illustration of the results obtained are equally beyond praise. J.G.D.C.


Silage is a product formed when grass or other material of sufficiently high moisture content (e.g., forage legumes and forage corn) liable to spoilage by aerobic microorganisms is stored anaerobically. However, ensiling forages has its own set of disadvantages. There can be extensive losses in storage if the silage is mismanaged. This loss of nutrients and other problems can be overcome by sufficient guidelines which need to be followed during ensilage.


High temperature field evaporation of It and Pt was investigated at the T = 1400 - 1700 K and electric fields F - I V/A by field electron, ion and evaporation microscopy. The Arrenius plot was obtained for the process of field evaporation of Pt in these conditions. This plot gives the activation energy of the evaporation Qn = 3.05 ± 0.1 eV and preexponential factor vo = 3x10 15 I/s. The value of the heat of evaporation at the presence of high electric field λF for the Pt-ions was obtained by means of image forces model and value of Qn. The value of λF = 3.15 eV is less in comparison with sublimation energy of Pt - λο = 5.85 eV. The reasons of the difference between λF and λο and the mechanism of the evaporation process at these conditions are discussed.


Symmetric self-organized discharge filaments have been observed in the 140-μm-microgap dielectric barrier discharge between two parallel glass plates. Images of the discharge in microseconds were obtained using an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera. The diameters of these self-organizing filaments, the distance between the filaments, and the approximate speed of the moving filaments were obtained using the ICCD images.


Summary: This study showed a decrease in BMD in the acetabular rim at two-year follow-up of patients who underwent corrective surgery for a symptomatic cam FAI deformity. is


While a constitution assigns the government the mea ns to force others to comply, there is no outside enforcer who forces the rulers to play by t he rules. In this paper we argue that the legality principle of the rule of law gives incenti ves for the rulers to accept the constitutional order. We develop a model where a short-lived gover nm nt imposes a tax and may violate the constitutional order by redistributing property in order to gain a one-off prize in terms of political support. Under the rule of law, a constit utional government must not accept illegitimate ownership. If the future government is expected to act lawfully, illegitimate property owners curb effort and an expropriating go vernment loses revenue. We give conditions under which there is a unique trembling hand perfect equilibrium where all governments are constitutional with a probability a pproaching one.


Purpose: To clarify the change of the ultrastructure characteristic of gastrointestinal tract, to clarified the pathogensis of diabetic gastrointestinal dysfunction of diabetic rat gastrointestinal tract. Methods: Tissues of gastric antrum, small intestine, colon in 12 weeks alloxan-diabetic rat were observed through electric telescope. Results: The ultrastructure change of gastrointestinal tract in diabetic rats, the pathological changes were mailly lies in smooth muscle cell and capillary, no obviously change can be ob-servedat nerve terminal. Conclusion: Striking changes were taken place in the ultrastructure characteristic of gastrointestinal tract of diabetic rats, and these changes are concerned with the mechanisms of diabetic gastrointestinal dysfunction.


Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment in which cell damage is achieved by the action of light on a photosensitizer. The aim of this study was to assess the value of PDT in the treatment of Barrett's esophagus with low-grade dysplasia (LGD). Forty patients with dysplastic Barrett's esophagus were given aminolevulinic acid (ALA) 30 mg/kg orally followed 4 h later by laser endoscopy. Follow-up endoscopy and biopsies were performed at 1, 6 and 12 months. A macroscopic response was seen in 33 out of 40 patients, with a median decrease in columnar epithelial area of 30% (range 0-90%). Post-treatment biopsies showed no dysplasia in 39 out of 40 patients, with LGD remaining in one case. This was maintained at 6 and 12 months. There were no significant side-effects. This study demonstrates that ALA-induced PDT provides safe and effective ablation therapy for Barrett's esophagus and is particularly useful against dysplasia.


This paper tries to put in dialectics the arguments of small-scale breton fishermen bring back by their representatives and the propositions of the Green Paper for a new Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). Results of CFP described in Green Paper (I) and the confrontation between breton fishermen opinions and the arguments for a new CFP (II) will be shown. This paper is interesting because of its objective that is to determine if the European Commission has paid attention to breton fishermen in reforming the CFP. One of the important points of the CFP is to find an equilibrium between the global scale and the local scale. How to please all fishermen of the Community with an egalitarian policy and in the same time how to manage local problems ? Breton fishermen opinions were collected during my research for the Phd in 1997-1998 whereas Green Paper published in 2001 is debated until the new CFP would work.


Gramineae is one of the largest families containing the most important crops with the widest distribution in the world. In vitro fertilization means the isolation of sperm cell and egg cell, the fusion of both cells, and the regeneration of fertile offspring. Some questions regarding the gametes and embryos were discussed. The technology of in vitro fertilization would be used in the gramineae, including transferring the gene into egg cell and zygote, andregenerating plants. In vitro development from fusion products between gametes of alien species, opens up some new prospects in plants. Keywords Gramineae; in vitro fertilization; Sperm cell; Egg cell; Zygote


To obtain a force of law, an agreement is generally made in writing by legal subjects. The agreement is contained in a form called deed. The deed is either made in the form of an authentic deed or deed under the hand. Indonesians are aware of the importance of a letter (document) associated with a particular event and recorded it in a letter (document) and signed by interested persons witnessed by two witnesses. The letter (document) is an important evidentiary tool in legal traffic, both in the material and formal sense. Generally, people often consider the deed under the hand is only a trivial thing but if there is a problem then they think it is important. This study will examine how the legal power of a deed is underhand in a process of proof of ownership over land rights. The research method used in answering the existing legal problems is by using the method of legal juridical normative research conducted through the


The concept of water distribution uniformity coefficient has been put forward for the non-uniform water distribution in the wet cooling tower's water distribution system. The title quantitative calculation was carried out by using numerical computation, providing a quantitative method for diagnosing economic aspects of a cooling tower in operation.


The results of an experimental study on the effect of the partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement with nanosilica (NS) on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete are presented....


This paper reviews the role of stochastic order as it relates to the study of maintained systems in reliability theory. The classical univariate comparison results for the age and block replacement policies are presented. Extensions to stochastic comparison of processes and recent generalizations of age and block policies are also discussed. 1. Introduction. The purpose of this paper is to survey the role of stochastic order as it relates to the study of maintained systems in reliability theory. Some of the earliest treatments of maintenance considerations date back to Khintchine (1932), Lotka (1939), Campbell (1941), and others. An excellent presentation of the historical background is contained in the book of Barlow and Proschan (1965). Maintenance policies are followed so as to reduce the number of system failures. Typically, as a unit ages it tends to break down more frequently. Since these unplanned failures can be costly, it may at some point in time be more cost effective to simply replace the unit before it fails with a new unit. Any such strategy of planned replacement is called a maintenance policy. Two policies that have received considerable attention in the literature are known as age and block replacement policies. These will be reviewed in Section 2. The (cost) effectiveness of a maintenance policy has been quantified in various ways. One simple measure is in terms of the expected number of failures (and/or repairs). This information would be sufficient provided the replacement costs are identical and constant. For more complex cost structures, however a better measure is provided through the notion of stochastic order. Early comparisons were between random variables; the modern viewpoint is to compare processes.


This paper is a representational conversation between the authorsa social foundations professor and a leadership professor- regarding a leadership program in which both faculty members teach. Tensions between social foundations and leadership have historically been characterized by different interpretations (or narratives) of scholarship, student roles, and resulting course content. Where foundations courses often explore interpretive- sometimes unanswerable- theoretical questions, leadership courses, in their traditional variety, explore answerable, practical questions. This "conversation" intends to show how even when disparate historical contexts are mediated, shared ideas between social foundations and leadership faculty still face challenges. The challenges asserted here are, in part, due to traditions within the school spheres from which leadership students come and a resulting hegemony as a byproduct of those spheres. To be clear, when foundations and leadership faculty share a critical vision for school leadership, where critical vision means problematizing and challenging assumptions, power structures, and what Maxine Greene calls the "givens" of school life,1 it does not mean that students make connections between their lives and the ideas entailed in a critical vision for school life. We argue, in fact, that two professors sharing a critical vision are not enough to significantly alter students whose view of the leadership program is less about graduate study than it is about administrative training. Still, as this "conversation" intends to reveal, significant changes in a few classes within the leadership program have the power to contest long-held


The present paper examines the historical evolution of China's rural taxation system from the pre-reform period to the late 1990s. We propose that because of information asymmetry between the upper-level and the lower-level governments, local governments had to be granted some informal tax autonomy to fulfill the upper-level policy mandates. This easily led to excessive local informal taxation on farmers. As market liberalization of the grain sector progressed, the low-cost tax instruments implemented through the traditional approach of implicit taxation gradually eroded. Local governments in agricultural regions had to resort to informal fees collected directly from individual rural households while the more industrialized regions shifted to non-agricultural taxes that are less costly in terms of tax collection. Hence, political tension between farmers and local governments in agriculture-based regions emerged and rural tax reform became necessary.


This paper discusses recently proposed methodology for the design of an optimum maintenance management program. The methodology is based on integrating a reliability approach and a risk assessment strategy to obtain an optimum maintenance schedule. The method is called risk‐based maintenance (RBM). First, the likely equipment failure scenarios are formulated. Out of the many likely failure scenarios, the ones that are most credible are subjected to a detailed study. Detailed consequence analysis is done for the selected scenarios. Subsequently, a fault tree analysis is performed to determine the probability of failure. Finally, risk is computed by combining the consequence analysis and the probability analysis results. The calculated risk is compared against known acceptable criteria. The frequency of maintenance tasks is obtained by minimizing the estimated risk. The proposed methodology is used to answer two questions: Which equipment should be included in a scheduled maintenance program? When should the maintenance be scheduled?


This paper addresses the transparency and the quality of financial disclosures of listed companies in an emerging economy (i.e. Romania), in order to shed some light on the particular local context of the country and on its impact on accounting practices. While emerging economies have attracted a lot of attention from an economic perspective recently, less is known about the accountability processes of the entities in such countries. Emerging economies are characterized as countries having informal institutions, lower enforceability, and lower quality of auditing (Peters et al., 2011). The low regulatory and enforcement pressures would impede the transparency and quality of financial disclosures of entities in such countries; research is therefore needed to understand local practices. On the other hand, there are pressures on emerging-market companies to communicate more transparent and relevant information (Kang, Gray, 2011). For example, norms and regulations have been issued to increase the transparency of companies in order to facilitate the movement of capital within the EU financial market (including the new members which are emerging economies) (Bonsón, Escobar, 2006). Therefore, improvements have been made over the last few years, at least at the regulatory level. There is a growing body of research on emerging economies, but emerging economies do not form a homogeneous group (Chamisa, 2000; Chand, 2005) and findings cannot be generalized. We report in this paper on the case of Romania, a member of the European Union (EU) since 1 January 2007, but which underwent several decades of communism during the second half of the 20th century. In


Abstract : The REQUEST document retrieval system is described. Included is a description of the data base, the interactive mode, the modular implementation in ISL--a string manipulating language, and the multiple-level Boolean hierarchy query format. (Author)


The sweettatersbrewing.com is your search engine for PDF files. Resources is a high quality resource for free ePub books.Here is the websites where you can download eBooks. You can easily search by the title, author and subject.With more than 150,000 free eBooks at your fingertips, you're bound to find one that interests you here.You may reading books from sweettatersbrewing.com. It is known to be world's largest free ebook site. Here you can find all types of books like-minded Fiction, Adventure, Competitive books and so many books. From romance to mystery to drama, this website is a good source for all sorts of e-books.


Micro-expression spotting is the preliminary step for any micro-expression related analysis to avoid excessive false positives. We propose an efficient lightweight macroand micro-expression spotting method which takes advantage of the duration differences of macroand micro-expressions. Using effective frame skips, local contrast normalisation, depthwise separable convolutions and residual connections, we construct Efficient Lightweight 3D-Convolutional Network using Frame Skipping and Contrast Enhancement (ELFACE) for the micro-expression spotting task. Our model achieves state-of-the-art performance in SAMM Long Videos and remained competitive in the CAS(ME)2 dataset.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of e-service quality factors on customer satisfaction and behavior intention by Web site types. Difference and moderating effect resulting from the type of web site users about an association with reaction of satisfaction and those component concepts are also one of the aims in the study. As a result, the study found that factors of web site service quality variables had positive impacts on customer satisfaction. And customer satisfaction also had a positive impact on relationship intention and word of mouth intention. Furthermore, through the comparative analysis, we found that the service quality differed on the effects of customer satisfaction by web site types. According to those results, marketing managers should develop different service strategies based on different web site types.


Protoplasts of Page tangelo (Citrus reticulata Blanco×C. paradisi Macf.) cell suspension culture were electrically fused with mesophyll protoplasts isolated from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.). More than 150 plantlets regenerated after 4-5 months of culture. The regenerated plants were trifoliate with well developed root systems. Root_tip chromosome counting of more than 20 randomly selected plants revealed that they were all tetraploids (2n=4x=36). RAPD analysis of 7 randomly selected plants verified their hybridity. Inoculation of citrus Phytophthora parasitica Dastar toxin on leaves of somatic hybrids and both parental genotypes showed that Page tangelo was moderately susceptible, and trifoliate orange was highly resistant while the somatic hybrids were resistant. The potential of this somatic hybrid as rootstock is also discussed.


The environment of S187, a nearby H ii region (1.4±0.3 kpc), is analyzed. A surrounding shell has been studied in the H i line, molecular lines, and also in infrared and radio continua. We report the first evidence of a clumpy HI environment in its photodissociation region. A background radio galaxy enables the estimation of the properties of cold atomic gas. The estimated atomic mass fraction of the shell is ∼260 M⊙, the median spin temperature is ∼50 K, the shell size is ∼4 pc with typical wall width around 0.2 pc. The atomic shell consists of ∼100 fragments. The fragment sizes correlate with mass with a power-law index of 2.39-2.50. The S187 shell has a complex kinematical structure, including the expanding quasi spherical layer, molecular envelope, an atomic sub-bubble inside the shell and two dense cores (S187 SE and S187 NE) at different stages of evolution. The atomic sub-bubble inside the shell is young, contains a Class II young stellar object and OH maser in the centre and the associated YSOs in the walls of the bubble. S187 SE and S187 NE have similar masses (∼1200 M⊙ and ∼900 M⊙, respectively). S187 SE is embedded into the atomic shell and has a number of associated objects including high mass protostars, outflows, maser sources and other indicators of ongoing star formation. No YSOs inside S187 NE were detected, but indications of compression and heating by the H ii region exist.