Much of the writing on contemporary cinema has grappled with the significance of the medium in an era of radical technological change. The question posed by the title of Andre Bazin's famous collection of essays has never seemed so apposite; namely, in an era defined by media convergence and the radical transformation of means of delivery, what is cinema? Is any attempt to police the borders of cinematic specificity merely an anachronism, the rearguard action of aging cinephiles and anxious academics railing against the erasure of boundaries which increasingly characterises media production and consumption? Do new media platforms imply new forms of content, and if so what relationship might these have to the traditional narrative fictions still found at the Cineplex? Is the distinction between the DIY production of online digital mash-ups and professionally produced films designed for 35mm projection one of kind or merely one of degree? Finally, and most pertinently for this article, how does the brave new world of online delivery impact upon the role of government subsidised film funding bodies, whose raison d'etre has traditionally been to produce work capable of achieving a cinematic release? The occasion for these musings is a review of the Irish Film Board's Virtual Cinema funding scheme, the output for which from 2010 is now available for viewing online [http://www.irish. filmboard.ie/funding_programmes/Virtual_Cinema/ 75]. The description of the scheme on the Film Board website is as follows: Virtual Cinema is a new scheme for the making of high-quality short films that are suited to the new forms of digital video consumption. The scheme aims to encourage exploration of fresh filmmaking ground, with no creative holds barred. We are looking for creative ideas which will exploit interesting, new and traditional filmmaking techniques but can hold the attention of the YouTube audience. The funding provided for each film is set to a maximum of 2,000 [euro] and the duration of the films is to be no more than two minutes (although this is not always strictly adhered to in the films produced). The shorts can be originated on any digital format and must be delivered on a format suitable for digital distribution. The aim seems to be to break beyond traditional definitions of cinema and to tap into the creative potential of those working within an online platform, even those who would not self-identify as filmmakers in any traditional sense. In a discussion with Fran Keaveney, the Film Board executive with responsibility for short film schemes, she asserted that the films were specifically not intended to be for cinematic exhibition due to their technical specifications. However, at the request of the filmmakers, the films have been screened each year at the Darklight Film Festival in Dublin. This short anecdote perhaps illustrates some of the tensions around the relationship between the cinematic institution as traditionally constituted and new media forms. For Keaveney, the ability to attract numerous hits to an online short is nowadays, she says, as much an indicator of filmmaking ability as film festival awards or other traditional markers of prestige. Indeed, the number of viewer hits achieved is clearly the defining measure of worth for most producers of online media. However, the fact that the scheme was funded by the Irish Film Board seems to position the Virtual Cinema productions within a more traditionally cinematic institutional framework, despite the intentions of the funders themselves. Indeed, Keaveney noted that there was a strong crossover between the personnel who applied for funding under the Virtual Cinema scheme and those who applied for other short film schemes supported by the Film Board. For these filmmakers, it seems, a presence on the cinema screen remains the ultimate indication of success. Theorists such as Thomas Elsaesser and Lev Manovich have addressed the nature of cinema in the digital age in their attempts to answer the questions with which this article opened. …


This paper presents the Water Wave Optimization Algorithm (WWOA) for solving multi-area economic dispatch (MAED) problem with tie line constraints considering transmission losses, area demand constraints, multiple fuels options, valve-point loading effects and prohibited operating zones. Here, the amount of power that can be economically generated in one or more areas are exchanged with other areas with deficient generation through the interconnected tie-lines while meeting out the area wise and total power demand and other constraints is formulated as the MAED problem. WWOA is one of the nature inspired algorithm which mimics the phenomena of water waves for global optimization is implemented for the solution of multi-area economic dispatch problem. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been verified on three different test systems and are compared with Teaching learning based optimization (TLBO), differential evolution (DE), evolutionary programming (EP) and real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA), considering the quality of the solution obtained, and the results shows a quick convergence of the proposed algorithm and are found to be superior than the other methods in the literature and seems to be a potential alternative advancement in practical


This paper presents a drivetrain scheme with torque ripple reduction, in which two switched reluctance motors are coupled mechanically in cascade. The proposed scheme enables the shaft torque ripple of switched reluctance motors reduced. The simulation and experimental results testify the proposed scheme. The steady-state and dynamic performances of the drivetrain system are demonstrated and can be used as the platform research. Hence, this paper provides a valuable drivetrain scheme for electric vehicles. It also provides the method for new traction drive propulsion. (6 pages)


Modifier genes other than CFTR are thought to influence lung disease phenotype in cystic fibrosis (CF). In this study, we investigated the relationship between a polymorphism (1237 G → A) in the 3′ enhancer region of the alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (AAT) gene and pulmonary disease severity in 320 CF patients recruited from two independent adult referral centers in Ireland, and evaluated the in vivo effect of the polymorphism on AAT levels during acute infection. When corrected for confounding variables, the polymorphism was found to make a small but significant contribution to variance in percent predicted forced expired volume in 1 sec (FEV1) (1.1%, P = 0.05), with possession of the A allele being associated with better pulmonary function (AA/AG genotype: percent predicted FEV1, 70.8 ± 3.9; GG genotype: percent predicted FEV1, 62.0 ± 1.4). As would be expected of a modifier effect, the influence of the polymorphism was more marked in patient groups traditionally associated with more severe lung disease, contributing 3.2% (P = 0.033) to the variance in percent predicted FEV1 in patients homozygous for DF508, 3.3% (P = 0.007) to those infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 3% (P = 0.024) in female patients. In each instance, a positive association between possession of the A variant and higher percent predicted FEV1 was observed. We did not, however, find any evidence that possession of the A allele effected upregulation of AAT during acute infection in vivo. This lack of a demonstrable functional effect in vivo suggests that the polymorphism is a marker for a modifying effect on pulmonary phenotype in the Irish CF population by a mechanism that is yet to be explained. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Original folk songs are China's important national art treasure and the source for innovative development of Chinese national music. With high social value and art value, original folk songs as China's important intangible cultural heritage are of great significance to transmit Chinese excellent national culture. Integrating original folk songs into university national vocal music education will have great function on the inheritance and development of excellent national culture, improvement of students' comprehensive quality, national vocal musical teachers' teaching level. The paper has discussed the connotation of original folk songs and explored the spiritual cultural value, and then explored the function of integrating university national vocal education and original folk songs, and then proposed several comments on how to integrate original folk songs with university national vocal education.


Abstract New diagnostic uses of 6-[ 18F]fluoro-L-DOPA ([ 18F]FDOPA) for endocrine cancers and for focal hyperinsulism of infancy have renewed interest in simple and reproducible methods to synthesize it in high quantity. Fluorodestannylation is a simple and regioselective means to produce [ 18F]FDOPA. We have successfully used post-target produced [ 18F]F2 as a labeling agent in fluorodestannylation. We are able to produce in one synthesis enough [ 18F]FDOPA for several human PET studies at Turku PET Centre. The average radiochemical yield in 50 syntheses was 6.4±1.7% (calculated from [ 18F]F−), with radiochemical purity >98% and mean specific radioactivity at the end of synthesis 3.7±0.9 GBq/μmol. With this method the amounts of the reagents used in the synthesis are considerably reduced in comparison to other electrophilic labeling approaches. Thus the manipulations during the synthesis and the purification of the product are simplified.


on the printed circular sent to J. Briquet, director of the Conservatoire, from the Boissier herbarium at Geneva University. But the correspondence between the curator of the Boissier herbarium, G. Beauverd, and Amann and Meylan on the one hand, and the printers, Imprimeries Reunies, Lausanne, formerly Bridel & Cie., on the other hand, shows that the impression took place from 1912 to 1917. On 9.5.1912 the first part was finished. Two additional copies were bound for Barbey's personal library in Valleyres (Canton de Vaud). From part 2, p. [1]-7 came out in 1912 already whilst p. [9]-248 appeared before 16.10.1914. Then the composing had to be interrupted because of Barbey's death and because of financial problems rising from the war. The Boissier herbarium was left by will by Barbey's family to the Geneva University. In 1915 the setting was taken up again. The printing was finished by 6 January 1916 leaving only the zincography of the plates to be done in 1917 together with the additions and the indices of both parts. Ten new specific names appear in the first part, and the 16 new species in the second part were printed before December 1915. But although the printed sheets were present in the library of the Boissier herbarium, later transferred to the university of Geneva, these earlier publication dates cannot be considered as effectively published since the sheets were only distributed to the authors. For nomenclatural purposes, therefore, the effective date of publication, 31 December 1918, does not cause any change with respect to the 1919 citation in Wijk et al. (19591969).


A novel wideband angled-dipole antenna is presented in order to achieve wide beamwidth,The antenna is built on both sides of a substrate and this allows a wideband feed from a single-ended microstrip line to the different dipole.With choosing the proper dipole arms angle,get the widest E-plane and H-plane beamwidth.The corrugations in the ground plane is also developed,which can enhance the gain of the antenna.The obtained design was fabricated and measured,showing impedance matching from 7.0 to 10.6GHz,the impedandce bandwidth(VSWR≤ 2) is 40.9%.The usefulness of the application areas are in phased array and high data-rate communication systems.


Highly enantioselective ruthenium-catalysed hydrogenation of aromatic ketones is achieved with (Ra,S(C))-QUINAPHOS in the presence of achiral and chiral diamines as co-catalysts.


Pattern Matching addresses the problem of finding all occurrences of a pattern string in a text string. Pattern matching algorithms have many practical applications. Computational molecular biology and the world wide web provide settings in which efficient pattern matching algorithms are essential. New problems are constantly being defined. Original data structures are introduced and existing data structures are enhanced to provide more efficient solutions to pattern matching problems. In this survey, we review pattern matching algorithms in one and two dimensions. We focus on several specific problems, among them small space pattern matching, parameterized matching, and dictionary matching. We also discuss the indexing problem, for which the classical data structure is the suffix tree, or alternatively, the suffix array.


The purpose of this research was to discover factors that influence the persistence rates of active older adults participating in exercise classes, and how instructors respond to these factors. Data suggested participants prefer group classes for wellness, socialization, and instructors, who are critical in advancing exercise motivation to attend classes. Exercise is no longer an isolated activity but continues to have universal appeal. However, many middle age and senior adults typically do not continue with exercise programs despite the low cost options available. Of the individuals who do participate in regular group exercise, many quit within three to six months after starting a regular group exercise program (Jones et al., 2001). With decreased physical activity, prevalence rates of major health concerns such as obesity, cognitive decline, and age related illness are significantly increased (Jones et al., 2001). Furthermore, empirical research projects the population of individuals above 60 years of age to increase over the next several decades, emphasizing a need to intensify advantageous behaviors, thus increasing longevity. Research into exercise adherence, conducted by Abraham, Feldman, Nyman, and Barleen (2011) suggests that individuals who recognize the benefits of exercise, as well as have access to additional resources promoting exercise and health, were more likely to participate in regular exercise. Specifically in middle aged and senior adults, exercise stimulates cognitive activity, enhances mood, and promotes growth of nerve cells, as well as improves self-confidence, efficacy, and decreases depression (Roberson, 2007). What prior research advocates is that active older adults can benefit from education and wellness programs designed with their unique demographic needs in order to improve persistence and retention. This can include increased awareness of exercise, nutrition, and flexibility training directed specifically towards an active older population. Implications of Exercise Persistence Many individuals considered middle aged and older will be experiencing, often for the first time, age related deficits, and a desire to increase or engage in healthful behaviors. Roberson (2007) posited that greater preparation through education can enable these middleaged adults to better prepare and delay the aging process. Stephan, Boiche and Le Scanff (2011) further proposed that individuals above 60 years of age will increase dramatically within the next decade. In 2030, this number is projected to increase to 20% of the United States population (Kuczmarksi & Cotugna, 2009). Because of this increased education concerning health and wellness, worldwide views regarding aging are shifting in a marginally positive direction, increasing the propensity towards living longer and healthier (Roberson, 2007). Abraham et al. (2011) further argued a strong parallel between activity in early to middle adulthood and cognitive stability and longevity later in life. In an investigation into the participation rates of voluntary employee wellness programs, Abraham et al. noted the correlation between the increased participation of individuals in company-sponsored wellness programs and the rising rate of insurance, suggesting a desire to improve wellness to decrease


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identifying factors influencing organizational commitment of nurses in Korean Red Cross Blood Center (KRCBC). Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted for 224 nurses who worked for more than three months in KRCBC. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from August 28 to September 20, 2018. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson''s correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis with SPSS (ver. 23.0). Results: The mean score of organizational commitment was 3.37±0.52 on a scale of 5 points, the mean of positive psychological capital was 3.51±0.51, communication ability score was 3.60±0.48, and social support score was 3.68±0.57. The factors influencing organizational commitment of nurses in KRCBC were social support (β=.41, p<.001), job satisfaction (β= .27, p<.001), and total length of employment in KRCBC (β=.19, p=.016). The model explained 36.1% of the organizational commitment of the nurses. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop an organizational commitment program for strengthening social support and job satisfaction to improve organizational commitment of nurses in KRCBC. Such a program is eventually expected to improve the quality of nursing care of nurses with a short career in KRCBC.


Glass is widely used in our daily life. It is an ideal material for recycling. Recycling of glass is used in various forms in different fields. One of the important applications of recycling of glass is in concrete production of construction field. In this article, coarse and fine aggregates of concrete had been replaced up to 20 percent by the crushed glass. In depth observation had been done on properties of concrete i.e., compressive strength, flexural strength, air content and also alkali-silica reaction (ASR). Replacement of waste glass (WG); silica in glass and alkalies in cement combined to create large expansion which causes the large cracks in concrete. This is the main disadvantage of usage of waste glass in concrete. We had overcome this problem up to some level by varying the particle size of glass which is also an influencing factor for expansion. We also used some cementitious materials like fly-ash, microsilica along with waste crushed glass. This research is mainly focused on observing mechanical properties of concrete and controlling of alkali-silica reaction. Keywords— Waste Glass, Concrete, ASR, Fly Ash, Microsilica


This work deals with the accurate simulation of high energy hadron–hadron– collision experiments, as they are currently performed at Fermilab Tevatron or as they are expected at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. For a precise description of these experiments an algorithm is investigated, which enables the inclusion of exact multi-jet matrix elements in the simulation. The implementation of this algorithm in the event generator "SHERPA" [1] and the extension of its parton shower is the main topic of this work. The results are compared with those of other simulation programs and with experimental data.


The utility model discloses an automatic spraying device for an inner hole wall of a wind turbine spindle. The automatic spraying device comprises an efficient sand blasting cleaner, a paint sprayer and a nozzle, and is characterized in that a communicating pipe of the nozzle is connected with the efficient sand blasting cleaner and the paint sprayer through a Y-shaped rubber tube; a changeover valve is arranged at the joint part of the Y-shaped rubber tube; the two ends of the wind turbine spindle are supported by corresponding uniform rotation carrier rollers; a uniform rotation screw and a fixed guide stripe are arranged along the axis of the inner hole of the wind turbine spindle; injection pressure regulating valves are arranged at the bottoms of the efficient sand blasting cleaner and the paint sprayer. The automatic spraying device for the inner hole wall of the wind turbine spindle can realize uniform rotation of the wind turbine spindle, uniform moving of the nozzle and consistency of the spraying force, so as to realize uniform spraying, consistent quality and no difference of different operations of operators, increase the efficiency of labor, reduce the labor intensity, and lower the production cost. The automatic spraying device can uniformly blast sand and clean, and further can uniformly spray paint, so that the automatic spraying device is multifunctional, quick and convenient to operate.


Fundamental experiments using a phased array MOPA (master oscillator with power amplifier) system configuration, composed of the multi-dither COAT (coherent optical adaptive technique) system and two MOPA chains, were carried out to evaluate the validity of the COAT system in the MOPA configuration. It was shown experimentally that phase-locking of two carbon-dioxide laser beams in the MOPA configuration can be achieved by using the adaptive mirror of the multi-dither COAT system.


Virtual node (VN) approach is widely used in satellite networks research but it has some deficiencies. In this work, we enhanced VN technique and propose a generic virtual topology model, namely multi-state virtual network (MSVN) architecture. We investigate a new mathematical model for MSVN and present its potential contribution to the overall system availability.


Rapid fabrication of large area, ordered assemblies of polymer grafted (hairy) nanoparticles (PGNs) will enable additive manufacturing of novel membrane, electronic, and photonic elements. Herein, we discuss the relationship between select processing conditions, substrate surface energy, and canopy architecture on the hierarchical structure of sub- to monolayer PGN assemblies. Varying concentrations (10, 20, and 70 nM) of polystyrene (PS) grafted (σ ∼ 1 chain/nm2) gold nanoparticles (AuNP, r0 = 9 nm) were flow-coated onto surface-modified silicon wafers (γs ∼ 20 mN/m, hydrophobic to 80 mN/m, hydrophilic). The profile of an isolated gold–polystyrene (PS) PGN depends on substrate–canopy interface energy. At low substrate–PS interface energy (20 mN/m), the PS canopy spreads to maximize contact with the surface, whereas at high substrate–PS interface energy (80 mN/m), the chains minimize contact area resulting in a more compact, thicker PGN corona. This behavior is translated up to monolayer assemblies, where...


This study aimed at gaining more insights into users' navigation behavior in hypermedia environments. The relation between cognitive style and navigation behavior in a hypermedia environment was examined, as well as the relation between cognitive style and mental model of the information in a hypermedia environment. One hundred fifteen students were tested on the cognitive style characteristic 'field dependency.' The sample mainly contained field independent (or 'analytic') individuals. From the initial sample, the 20 students with the highest analytic scores and the 20 students with the lowest analytic scores were selected. Five 'low analytics' and five 'high analytics' were asked to do several tasks on a web site with information about writing, while thinking aloud. Further, 15 'high analytics' and 15 'low analytics' were asked to create a mental model of the same web site, by means of the card sorting method. The results indicated that users' cognitive styles did appear to be related to users' navigation behaviors. This is quite remarkable, because of the small number of participants, and the relatively small difference between the two cognitive styles, one would expect that significant differences were not likely to occur. However, cognitive styles did not appear to be related to mental models. Therefore, mental models do not appear to be an intervening variable between cognitive styles and navigation behavior in a hypermedia environment


The course of events and results of initiatives taken by agencies and governments to implement a brokerage for transportation of the elderly and handicapped in the eight-county Northern Kentucky Area Development District are described. The brokerage approach developed in Northern Kentucky involves a private nonprofit corporation established solely to broker transportation for agency clients, the elderly and handicapped, and the general public having specialized needs. Transportation is secured by means of contracts between the brokerage and various organizations that either own vehicles or operate buses owned by the brokerage. By policy, the brokerage, Northern Kentucky Transit, Inc. (NKT), gives primary consideration to contracting with private profit-making operators, mostly taxi companies and service station owners where no taxi company exists. The planning, development, and first six months of NKT's operations (October 1978-March 1979) are the focus of this paper. During that period, three important benefits of the brokerage were proved; (a) use of private profit-making and professional transportation operators provides agencies a higher quality and reliability of service than agencies can afford on their own; (b) private enterprise transportation operators can be developed by the brokerage where none previously existed; and (c) competitive bidding can result in lower prices by private profit-making operators. Based on the NKT experience, the last section of the paper offers 11 specific principles, or suggestions, for developing brokerages. (Author)


The paper discusses the effects of passive stacks in mitigating radon levels in residential new construction. Although passive stacks have been installed as a radon resistant measure in new houses, little quantitative data on their performance has been collected. The study involved continuously monitoring several houses that were recently built with radon resistant features including crack sealing, porous subslab aggregate, and a stubbed-off pipe penetrating the slab for installing a radon mitigation system. For the project, the piping systems were completed so that they exited the roof, and half the houses had radon mitigation fans installed in the piping. Houses were monitored continuously with the pipes sealed, then with the pipes open but no fans operating, and finally with the fans (if installed) operating. The results show significant radon mitigation effect by the passive stack systems in most houses. Failures of the passive stack systems appear to be due to basement depressurization by heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) duct leakage, poor installation of subslab piping, and poor communication between multilevel slabs.


The Fe-N-O bond angle in a series of [FeNO][sup 7] complexes has been probed by EXAFS, utilizing a new theoretical data analysis package, GNXAS. This package provides an integrated approach to the analysis of EXAFS data based on a full curved-wave, multiple-scattering theoretical treatment incorporating least-squares refinement. Since GNXAS is able to calculate all the signals relating to two-, three-, and four-atom correlation functions with the proper treatment of correlated distances and Debye-Waller factors, it is particularly well-suited for analysis of multiple-scattering effects and bond angle determination. EXAFS data were obtained on a series of crystallographically-characterized [FeNO][sup 7] inorganic complexes with varying Fe-N-O angles to examine the sensitivity of the GNXAS fit to this angle. The compounds studied were Fe(TMC)NO (where TMC = 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) which has an Fe-N-O bond angle of 177.5(5)[degree], Fe(TACN)(N[sub 3])[sub 2]NO (where TACN = N,N[prime],N[double prime]-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) which has an angle of 156(1)[degree], and Fe(salen)NO (where salen = N,N[prime]-ethylenebis(salicylideneiminato)) which has a bond angle of 127(6)[degrees] at 175[degrees]C and 147(5)[degrees] at 23[degree]C. 28 refs., 15 figs., 3 tabs.


Benzalacetalaehyde was prepared from the raw material benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the presense of NaOH,using alcohol as agent.Effect,factors of product quality and yield,such as material ratio,alkalinity,reaction time and temperature have been studied.The title compound was obtained under optimized condition that: n(acetaldehyde) ∶ n(benzaldehyde)=1.05(mol) ∶ 1(mol),the alkalinity of NaOH is 2.5%,reaction time 75 min,temperature 30℃,and the yield is 60%.


The present work discusses an improved process for the manufacture of fibre metal laminates. Fibre metal laminates are super composite materials combining several properties of fibre and metal layers that constitute them and having potential applications in engineering industry and general purpose industrial applications. Literature information available for preparation of fibre metal laminate are expensive and require huge investment for laminate preparation. The present work provides a simple, cost effective and widely adaptable process for the manufacture of fibre-metal laminates. Here, the metal surface is roughened with grit blasting for obtaining strong bond between metal and fibre cloth adhesive layers(Prepreg) as against the regular chemical pre-treatment process. Also, the prepreg layers are prepared in-house using RTM process. The thus prepared prepreg layers and the pre-treated metal layers are bonded together by a combination of heat( in a regular thermal over) and pressure ( obtained by closed mould process). Mechanical properties evaluated show acceptable properties for the prepared laminates.


Glauber salt (sodium sulfate decahydrate) is a promising phase change material (PCM) to use in the building sector, thanks to the high enthalpy of fusion associated with a proper phase transition temperature. Also it offers economic and environmental advantages because it can be obtained as by product from the disposal process of lead batteries. However the Glauber salt, due to phenomena of phase segregation and subcooling, cannot be used in the pure state but requires the addition of rheological modifiers and nucleating agents. In this work the thermal performances of mixtures based on Glauber salt with different compositions are compared by using T-history method, by adopting sonication for mixing, and following the same preparation procedure for all the samples. Fixed the composition, also the effects of the sequence of addition of the reagents is examined. The analysis carried out by Turbiscan allowed to identify the kinetic of destabilization of each sample and revealed the need to specify in detail the preparation stages of PCM in order to make the composition reproducible in laboratory and on a wider scale.


Tuspetinib (TUS) is a mutation agnostic, once daily, oral agent that potently inhibits JAK1/2, SYK, RSK1/2, wildtype and mutant forms of FLT3, and mutant forms of KIT kinases, simultaneously suppressing multiple oncogenic signaling pathways that mediate resistance to various drugs. TUS has generated complete remissions in relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with diverse mutations and demonstrated favorable safety in a Phase 1 trial (NCT03850574). This clinical activity led us to investigate alterations in AML cells that may give rise to TUS resistance, and to understand the sensitivity of resistant isolates to other agents used to treat AML. TUS is now in a multinational Phase 1/2 expansion trial (APTIVATE ) for R/R AML patients with high unmet need as a monotherapy and as a doublet in combination with venetoclax.


The invention discloses a groove-shaped combustor for a biomass smelting furnace. The groove-shaped combustor comprises a combustion bracket, a plurality of combustion grooves, packing augers and stirrers, wherein the plurality of combustion grooves are arranged on the combustion bracket, the packing augers are arranged in the combustion grooves, and the packing augers are sleeved with the stirrers. According to the above mode, the groove-shaped combustor for the biomass smelting furnace provided by the invention has the advantages of high reliability, compact structure, sufficient combustion, automatic ash removal, long service life, self-cooling packing augers, low price and the like, and simultaneously has wide prospect in the smelting furnace market.


Land consolidation and land compensation require the evaluation of the pro‐ ductivity of the exchanged or recompensed areas. A serious deficiency in land consolidation regulations set by the Agricultural Land Ownership and Use Act, 1991 is the 10% restriction on the difference in the exchanged areas before and after land consolidation. The simultaneous action of the current method‐ ology for equating lands by their quality, together with the legal restrictions of this Act, limits the implementation of land consolidation to only highly productive lands of the 1st to the 3rd land category. The objective of this paper is to suggest a method for extending the implementation of land consolida‐ tion to larger areas and to recommend a fairer calculation method in equating lands by their quality. Two approaches to landed property exchange are unit‐ ed. One of them is based on the mean estimates of land productivity per land category (MLPE) (considering the Bulgarian Land Categorization System), the other one – on the detailed land productivity estimates of each landed prop‐ erty (DLPE). The adapted FAO Land Suitability Classification is suggested to identify areas suitable for land consolidation. Regression analysis and expert assessment were used. The data required for GIS processing are specified and systemized. A proposal for the improvement of the legal framework is given.


The Bas-Rhin MONICA Register shows trends in myocardial infarction and other acute ischemic events between 1984 and 1989. Coronary heart disease mortality decreased by 27% in men and 30% in women. Morbidity trends were less favourable. The annual event rate for total acute ischemic events remained stable. However, a decrease of 14% for myocardial infarction was seen in men, particularly in patients with a past history of coronary disease. Another positive point is that the 28-day mortality rate in recent infarctions decreased in men by 33% during the 5 year period.


Speech signal spectrum analysis is the time varied spectrum analysis.FFT technique on speech signal spectrum analysis are discussed in detail in this paper.


In (3) we have addressed computational issues related to Lyapunov{ type numbers for invariant curves of planar maps. These numbers are important for understanding persistence and breakdown of the invariant curves when the map is perturbed. The purpose of this paper is to apply the results of (3) to Poincare maps of systems of ODEs depending on a parameter and to address numerical issues


Effects of a spatial distribution of deep centers on the junction capacitance are reported for the first time. It is shown that the spatial distribution of deep centers can be calculated from capacitance data measured by both the capacitance‐voltage method and the Copeland method, if their energy level is known or assumed. The theory is examined with the experiment on silicon p+n junctions irradiated with 300‐kV protons. The analysis yields a value 0.40 eV below conduction band for the energy level of radiation‐induced defects, as well as a distribution of the defects with depth.


Abstract Cereal melts were produced via extrusion cooking using a twin-screw extruder at in-barrel moisture contents ranging from 25 to 42% (wb). Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was performed to determine the plasticizing effect of water on the glass transition (Tg) for melts obtained from degermed corn meal, oat flour, pregelatinized corn starch and pregelatinized waxy maize. For degermed corn meal, Tgwas found to decrease with increasing water contents up to about 30% (wb). Above 30% moisture content, Tgwas found to be essentially constant and approximately equal to 270K. Thus, Wg′ was estimated to be 30% moisture content. For samples of moisture content less than Wg′, loss tangent vs. temperature plots in the glass transition region were observed to be broader and of smaller amplitude than those above Wg. Glass transitions ranged from 270 to 321K for sample moisture contents ranging from 36·3 to 22·2% (wb), respectively. For an oat flour, Tgvalues ranging from 270 to 303K were observed for moisture contents of 39·2 to 26·1% (wb), respectively. Melts formed from pregelatinized corn starch and pregelatinized waxy maize had glass transitions similar to corn meal at a similar moisture content of 27%. The significance of these results, in terms of extrusion cooking of cereals, is discussed in this work.


Mutants were induced in variety MR219 using gamma rays at 300 Gr to generate superior genotypes for minimal water requirement. The mutants were screened for water stress under simulated non-flooded water regime both under glasshouse and field conditions. After several series of selection and fixation, 12 potential lines with the required adaptive traits were recovered at M4 generation. However, only two potential lines designated as MR219-4 and MR219-9 were selected. The lines were evaluated under replicated yield trial in KETARA under normal flooded conditions.. In KETARA, the yield of MR219-4 and MR219-9 were 4.8 t/ha and 5.5 t/ha, respectively as compared to the 5.8 t/ha of the original variety MR219. The lines were also evaluated in MADA under saturated soil and flooded conditions. The yield of MR219-4 was 5.9 t/ha under saturated soil condition and 7.2 t/ha under flooded condition. For MR219-9, the yield was 6.8 t/ha and 6.1 t/ha under saturated and flooded condition, respectively. The lines also performed satisfactorily when grown under aerobic soil condition in MARDI Seberang Perai. Grain yield as high as 6.3 t/ha for MR219-4 and 3.4 t/ha for MR219-9 were achieved under aerobic condition. In another development, submergence screening was done to the same two lines and a new adaptive trait was discovered where both MR219-4 and MR219-9 were found to be tolerant to submergence. These findings indicated that these two mutant lines are unique because they possess "dual" adaptations ie. flooded and water stress regimes. The results of submergence tolerance studies indicated that tolerance to submergence was observed until 8 days after submergence for MR219-4 and FR13A cultivars, and much better in MR219-9 where it can tolerate until 12 days submergence.


Background: Patients with stage III-IV melanoma are at considerable risk for disease recurrence. Early detection of recurrence is important to optimize immunotherapy administration and improving progression-free and overall survival. S-100B can be used as tumor marker to evaluate whether patients are at risk for developing disease recurrence or progression. It could be a promising tool to determine whether patients need to receive additional diagnostic procedures. However, implementation in routine clinical setting is limited. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the value of S-100B as a decision tool for the need to perform an 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) to confirm disease recurrence or progression in stage III-IV melanoma patients.Methods: Data of 51 stage III-IV melanoma patients, presenting for follow-up after surgery with curative intent, was retrospectively extracted from a single-center electronic patient record system. 18FDG-PET/CT was performed based on clinical signs or elevated S-100B levels. S-100B measurements were treated as independent data points.Results: Fifteen out of 303 S-100B levels were elevated. Six elevated levels were causes by disease progression; 4/6 measurements were noted with concurrent clinical signs. Twenty-four events of disease progression were confirmed. The sensitivity and specificity of S-100B serum test were 25.0% [95% CI (9.8-46.7)] and 96.8% [95% CI (94.0-98.5)]. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of S-100B were 40.0% [95% CI (20.6-63.2)] and 93.8% [95% CI (92.2-95.0)].Conclusions: Elevated S-100B levels did not exclude nor indicate metastatic or recurrent disease in this study. Using S-100B in routine clinical setting does not seem to be of additional value.


Chlorella has been fashion as natural、 high protein、rich nutrition material of functional food.it has rich Physiologically active compoment,such as β-carotene chlorophyl、α-γ- linolenic acid、 amylase protein、 vitamine 、 sugar microemelent.all these compoments pose medical and healthy function,but its cli ff can not been broke,the article find a ideal way to break cliff and optimal te chnics of chorlla Exploitation by many experiments.


Nigerian companies adopted the code of best practice on corporate governance in 2003, through which private and public firms are mandated to operate accordingly. Many companies have complied while some have failed to so. This study examined corporate governance practices eight years after (2010), given the instability in the political and economic environment under which they operated. The study also examined the relationship between corporate governance practices and firms' financial performance in the selected manufacturing companies in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study employed a comparative analysis to gauge the changes to corporate governance practice between the years 2003 to 2010 by manufacturing companies. The companies were selected based on availability of data from the stock exchange in terms of activities of trading and existence of reports on corporate governance in the companies' annual reports. The study used both descriptive statistics and econometrics method of analysis, using E-views 7 statistical software. The Panel data of the ten companies for the 8 years was used, employing ordinary least square (OLS) method of analysis. Consequently, the results of the descriptive statistics show that majority of the companies implemented the code of conduct that emphasizes appropriate composition of the board of directors and forecast of operations. Further analysis shows that there was positive relationship between the return of equity and legal compliance, though the relationship is weak given the value of R as 0.197. Also, there were weak relationships between return on equity (ROE) and board compliance as R = -0.4430 and proactive indicators R as - 0.2345. These imply that while the companies obey the regulations in term of board composition, legal compliance and production projections, which are the major concerns of this study. Meanwhile, some other variables impacted more on ROE.


ABSTRACT LUCIFER 1 is the rst of two identical camera-spectrograph units installed at the LBT (Large Binocular Tele-scope) on Mount Graham in Arizona. Its commissioning took place between September 2008 and November2009 and has immediately been followed by science operations since December 2009.LUCIFER has a 4x4 arcminute eld of view. It is equipped with a 2048x2048 pixel HAWAII-2 array, suitable lters (broad-band z, J, H, K & Ks plus 12 medium and narrow band near-infrared lters) and three gratings forspectroscopy for a resolution of up to  15000. LUCIFER has 3 cameras: two speci c for seeing limited imaging(the N3.75 camera, with 0.12"/pixel) and spectroscopy (the N1.8 camera, with 0.25"/pixel) and one for di ractionlimited observations (the N30 camera). We report here about the completed seeing-limited commissioning, thususing only two of the cameras.Keywords: NIR, Multi-object spectroscopy, Commissioning, LBT 1. INTRODUCTION LUCIFER is the result of ten years design and development work carried out by ve German research institutes:Landessternwarte Heidelberg (LSW PI institute), Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching(MPE), Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universitat Bochum (AIRUB), Max Planck Institute for Astronomy,Heidelberg (MPIA) and Fachhochschule fur Technik und Gestaltung, Mannheim. LUCIFER is unique comparedto other simple near-infrared imagers and spectrographs currently in use at 8m class telescopes because of theability to exchange a complete set of user de ned masks between two nights of observation, keeping the instrumentcold.LUCIFER 1, the rst of two identical spectro-imagers, was installed at the Large Binocular Telescope onMount Graham (Arizona) in September 2008 and saw rst light in the night from the 6th to the 7th. The rston-sky image, before any telescope ne tuning (collimation or focus check), already demonstrated the imagingpower of the instrument with stellar images of 0.3" FWHM all over the eld.The commissioning phase, which took in total 15 months, was composed of 104 nights spread in 11 phases onsky and was dominated by bad weather accounting for more than 70% loss. Moreover, during the rst 9 monthsthe telescope collimation and guiding slowed down the commissioning eciency of the ( rst) instrument at thebent Gregorian focus.With the improvement of the telescope performance, the commissioning could rapidly move on from imagingto long-slit spectroscopy and successfully end with multi-object spectroscopy. In the course of the commissioning,


THE inheritance of this case is proved by the following notes supplied to me by the fatlier. The grandparents do not appear to lhave been tlhe victinis of any special proclivity. The father, now aged 35, lhad a bone growing on the inside of the left knee, when about 10 years old. This has disappeared. He has at the present time a distinct outgrowth of bone on the head of the right tibia. His sister, aged 34, has a large formation of bone. on the left shoulder blade, which first showed itself when she was 18 years of age. It is said to be painful at times and is said to be increasing in size. She always had weak ankles and wore irons in her boots when quite young. His brother, aged 32 (third child and second son), is quite free from bony overgrowtlh or outgrowth. His third brother (fourth child of the family), aged 30, has had eczema, but is free from any abnormal bone condition. His second sister (fifth child), aged 29, has a distinct exostosis on each tibia. His fourth brother (sixth child), aged 25, has a bony growth on his left shoulder blade. The mother's family history does not demonstrate any special pathological drift. She had two children, the elder being the one portrayed in the photograph . The youngest child was born wlieni the motlher was suffering, from rheumatic fever. The fatlher married a second time in 1883, one child has been the result, a girl, now aged 6. Slhe lhas bony growths in several parts of her body. A glance at the portrait of tlle boy, wlho was 12 years of age, will give a more rapid and useful idea of hiis condition than pages of letterpress. There was one bony growtll on his left scapula, but none others beyond those shown in the plhotograplh on the inner and outer aspect of the riglht humerus, on tlhe lower border of the tlhorax, and at the upper' and external aspect of the fibula. It may be desirable to notice that in the father's case the growtlhs ceased with the time of life when the growtth of the body had reached its summit, that he has not suffered from alny inconivenieniee from his condition, and he considers his general state of lhealth as uniformly good. Sir James Paget relates a case in his Lectures on2 Sturical Pathology, page 538, in wlhich a boy aged 6 was ill Bartlholomew's Hospital. This boy lhad symmetrical tumours on the lower ends of Ihis radii, oni his lhumeri, hiis scapule, hlis fiftlh and sixth ribs, hiis fibulae, and internal malleoli . thle only deviation from symmetry being a tumour oni the ulnar side of tlhe first phalanix of his riglht forefinger. This swelling was removed by Mr. Lloyd, anld was found to consist of an outgrowth of lhealthy-looking, cancellous bone full of miedulla, and coated witlh a thin layer of comnpact tissue. The fatlher, wlhom Sir James also saw, lhad as maniy, or even more, tumours thiani the son, but none of the man's direct ancestors or any other of hIS chlildren had similar growths, but four cousins-one female and three male children-of hiis mother's sisters had as many of them as himself. Three distinct characteristic s stand out in the series of cases in the family of my patient: (1) Their singular hereditary persistency. (2) Their lack of symmetry. (3) They have not attacked the bones of the skull. One cannot resist the intellectual pleasure of wondering when and how and why this " sport" wa-s first started in a family. If we could answer this, then we should be able to unlock many a pathological mystery.


This paper raises That the management of follow-up documents in the textile enterprises should close up to the ISO9000 quality system gradually, the enterprises should carry out the policy of controlling the process; putting prevention first; improving works and quality gradually; satisfying customers in order to guarantee the quality.


The detection of (C-14)(O-16) in the spectra of MS, S, and C stars would provide evidence of the operation of the (C-13)(alpha, n)(O-16) process in the helium-burning shell during the double shell-burning phase corresponding to a star's sojourn on the AGB. In this paper, MS, S, and C star spectra of the first-overtone vibration-rotation bands of the CO molecule at 2.4 microns are analyzed, and no evidence for the presence of (C-14)(O-16) is found. Lower limits on the C-12/C-14 ratio ranging from 5000 to 28,500 are determined. 35 references.


The diagnosis of myofacial pain dysfunction (MPD), commonly called temporomandibular joint syndrome, has traditionally been made on the presence of a group of clinical symptoms that produce pain and limitation of movement. The cause of this common illness has been the subject of controversy for over half a century. There has been a lack of agreement on diagnosis, cause, and treatment.


The pi-cell is studied as a function of its pretilt angle. It is shown experimentally and theoretically that the critical holding voltage decreases as the pretilt angle increases. At high pretilt angles, the critical holding voltage becomes zero and the bend cell becomes stable. The measured total response time of the pi-cell decreases with the pretilt angle as well. There is almost a factor of 2 difference between the total response time of conventional pi-cell and the no-bias bend cell.


Normal white adipose tissue is abundantly present subcutaneously and in surrounding organs. Fatty infiltration, lipomatosis, or lipomatous hypertrophy can also occur within certain organs (e.g., heart, pancreas, muscle, lymph nodes). Normal adipose tissue is present as sheets of cells with abundant, univacuolar cytoplasm with occasional interspersed thin blood vessels (Fig. 12.1). When sampled at the time of fine needle aspiration (FNA), fatty tissue tends to be hypocellular and present in cytology preparations as small cohesive clusters of large adipocytes [1–3]. Single cells are rare or absent. Benign adipocytes have abundant and univacuolated cytoplasm due to a large lipid vacuole, and small eccentrically located dark nuclei (Fig. 12.2). When viewed en face, the nucleus of an adipocyte is oval-shaped, but when seen from the side it may appear crescent-shaped. Intranuclear inclusions may be observed (Lochkern nucleus). Small capillaries are often visible traversing the clusters of adipocytes on smear cytology. If adipose tissue is aggressively aspirated and manipulated when preparing cytology slides, the adipocytes may be damaged, resulting in oily droplets in certain fixatives and on smeared slides. Remnant cell membranes can form lipid micelles that appear as clear round "holes" surrounded by proteinaceous material and blood on stained slides. Differentiating normal adipose tissue from sampling of a circumscribed lipoma usually requires clinical and/or radiographic correlation, as mature adipose tissue and benign lipomas have very similar morphology [2, 3]. Single adipocytic cells and multivacuolated cytoplasm have been more


The MIMAS ice model is used to study the trend behavior of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) responding to long‐term changes in mesospheric temperatures at northern high latitudes for the summer period 1961–2013. This paper presents long‐term PMC variations in terms of ice water content (IWC) at northern high latitudes for monthly July averages that are compared to solar backscatter ultraviolet (SBUV) data available in the period 1979–2013. In general, good agreement is found between long‐term PMC variations from the model and from satellite observations. For example, both model and SBUV data show an increase in ice water content (IWC > 40 g km−2) in the latitude band 74°–82°N with significant IWC trends of 2.8 ± 2.1 g km−2/dec and 2.4 ± 2.0 g km−2/dec, respectively. Modeled trends in IWC are latitudinally dependent. For the entire period 1961–2013 no trend exists at midlatitudes (50°–60°N) but increases poleward to highly significant values of 4.4 ± 0.9 g km−2/dec in the latitude band 74°–82°N. The analysis of trends in extreme PMC events (IWC > 300 g km−2) shows a 23%/dec increase in occurrence frequency at 74°–82°N which is by far the largest trend of all PMC parameters. We discuss the statistical properties of PMC following an exponential distribution. We derive an analytic solution of ice growth from microphysics that allows calculation of ice particle radius as a function of background conditions. As a result, the thermal conditions near 83 km height, with a cooling of −0.58 ± 0.32 K/dec, mainly determine trends in IWC whereas cooling at lower heights, induced by stratospheric ozone, controls to a large extent the long‐term behavior of PMC altitudes.


A class of  generalized positive Boolean dependences (GPBD) is introduced. The membership problem, update problem and Armstrong relations for a given set of GPBD are investigated.


Objective:To conclude nursing experiences about pregnant diabetes during pregnancy,labour,post labour stage.Method:During pregnancy psychological nursing,diet control.BS supervision;During labour,prevent newborn from low blood level of glucore careful observation,increase diet properly;during puerperium prevention from postlabour low BS,early treatment of haemorrhage encouragement of mammarry feeding.Result:18 cases in experiment group show significant differences from control group in complication incidence(P0 01).Conclusion:Intensive care can prevent GDM patients from incidence of pathological pregnancy pregnant complication and newborn complication.


A 40-year-old transgender man presented to the Hawaii Department of Health with a one-day history of vaginal discharge. Testing of all exposed sites revealed vaginal and rectal gonorrhea. While he reported a total hysterectomy, pelvic examination revealed a cervix. Review of medical records documented a subtotal hysterectomy; however, the patient had not been screened for cervical cancer or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for several years after surgery. Transgender men who have sex with cisgender men are at increased risk for HIV and STIs and should be screened at least annually for HIV and STIs from all exposed sites. STI data on transgender men are extremely limited. This case report highlights unmet needs of this population.


Abstract The sensitivity of a coarse-resolution model of the World Ocean to parameterization of subgrid-scale mixing is examined. The model is based on the GFDL code. Results are presented from a series of model runs where the subsurface mixing parameterization is sequentially upgraded toward a more physical representation. The surface forcing is the same for all principal model runs and features a strong relaxation of surface temperature and salinity toward perpetual wintertime observed values. One model version is rerun with a full annual cycle of surface forcing and verifies that use of the perpetual winter surface relaxation introduces only minor biases in the essential characteristics of the solution. Runs 1 and 2 feature the diffusivity tensor in the traditional horizontal/vertical orientation, and examines the effect of different vertical diffusivity profiles on the solution. Results are compared with those of previous studies. In both cases, the water mass properties (espcially the salinity Acids)...


Learning management has a very important role in the success of the teaching and learning process in schools. Good management in a school is very influential for the smooth and successful learning. Class organization means a group of people whose scope consists only of the class itself with the driving coordinator being the homeroom teacher. The purpose of this research is to find out the management of learning in the class organization of SMA IT Permata Hati Tebing Tinggi City. In addition, this study also aims to find out directly about the problems faced by teachers who teach at the SMA IT Permata Hati High School in Tebing Tinggi City. In the learning management process in this classroom organization the teacher has an important role for the implementation of teaching and learning in the classroom. The duties of teachers in learning include as educators and teachers, as mediators or learning resources, and facilitators, as models and role models, as motivators, as mentors and evaluators. Teachers must understand and understand their students better in learning. The research method used is a qualitative research method. The process of collecting data in this study used direct interviews with resource persons as teachers as well as homeroom teachers at SMA IT Kota Tebing Tinggi. From the results of the study, it was found that teachers experienced several obstacles due to the current state of the pandemic. What used to be able to learn effectively and efficiently was disrupted and the curriculum was also changed a lot.


The evolution of 2nd to 3rd generation mobile communication systems is requiring a totally new approach to the development of services and applications. The applications are moving from speech to interactive multimedia and broadband services. The driving forces are a merging of technology, politics, and market demands. Success of this development is dependent on a close co-operation of manufacturers, the research community, regulators, and the standardisation bodies. The lack of a common understanding of the issues amongst them might be a problem. This paper addresses the different roles of the players and discusses the needs and possibilities for creating a fruitful environment suitable for deployment of broadband multimedia communications.


Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the quality of life in vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) patients treated with long-term, individualized topical corticosteroids. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study comparing new pretreatment and long-term treated VLS patients attending a dermatogynecology practice in Sydney, Australia. Participants were invited to complete the Vulvar Quality of Life Index (VQLI). The VQLI scores were compared between the 2 groups. Results A total of 204 biopsy-proven VLS patients—68 new pretreatment and 136 treated patients on topical corticosteroids for 2 years or longer. Treated participants scored lower in all VQLI components, including total score (median = 2.0 [interquartile range {IQR} = 0.0–6.0] vs 13.5 [IQR = 7.5–22.0]; p < .001), symptoms (median = 0.5 [IQR = 0.0–0.5] vs 1.3 [IQR = 0.8–2.0]; p < .001), anxiety (median = 0.0 [IQR = 0.0–0.3] vs 0.8 [IQR = 1.1–2.0]; p < .001), activities of daily living (median = 0.2 [IQR = 0.0–0.3] vs 0.5 [IQR = 0.2–1.1]; p < .001), and sexuality (median = 0.0 [IQR = 0.0–0.7] vs 1.0 [IQR = 0.0–2.0]; p < .001). A higher proportion of treated patients achieved total scores of 0–5, representing nil to minimal impact of VLS on quality of life (98 [72.1%] vs 8 [11.8%]; p < .001). Mild and reversible adverse effects were developed in 11 patients (8.1%). Partially compliant patients were 12 times as likely to develop scarring progression than fully compliant patients (7 [22.6%] vs 2 [1.9%]; p < .001). Conclusions Long-term, individualized topical corticosteroid treatment is safe and effective in maintaining disease remission and improves the quality of life of VLS patients. Fully compliant patients demonstrate better treatment outcomes than partially compliant patients.


Network data constantly evolves with new network applications and protocols. There is a need for robust techniques to detect anomalous behaviour. Offline models trained with static data lose validity when new variants of traffic emerge. They require retraining but the need for ground truth and lengthy training times make this task challenging. Meanwhile, online models which detect outliers in streaming data are susceptible to the curse of dimensionality and natural variability. Today's anomalies may be tomorrow's new traffic and existing methods do not provide a way to differentiate between them. We propose a framework that makes the most of both approaches: an offline deep learning model extracts features of normal traffic and provides a bias for an online outlier detection model to select data for training. The online model retains its previously learnt knowledge and retrains itself with new data. Online thresholds are updated in a drifting manner and the Mann-Whitney U test is incorporated to prevent inaccurate updates. We perform analysis on the scores, develop heuristics to detect new traffic and evaluate using three deep learning models and four outlier detection methods on the UNSW-NB15 and CTU-13 datasets. The framework improves upon any individual offline or online models in isolation.


Two groups of male patients were investigated: 19 subjects with diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia and 13 with schizoaffective psychosis (8 with both depressive and paranoid symptoms, 5 with manic and paranoid). All patients were treated with perazine in this same manner. During the consecutive stages of therapy the following parameters were examined and compared: clinical symptoms, DBH activity, plasma prolactin concentration and the simple reaction time task to auditory and visual stimuli. The noticeable changes, similarities and differences were described.


Objective To observe the expression of dynamin related protein-1(Drp-1) of the renal interstitial tissue in rat model induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) and the renoprotective effect of erythroprietin.Methods Renal interstitial fibrosis rat model was produced by unilateral ureteral obstruction,eighty-one rats were randomly allocated to shame operation group,UUO model group and treated group.After operation rats in treated group were given subcutaneous injection with erythroprietin 3 000 U·kg-1 once a week until rats were sacrificed.Rats in sham-operated group and UUO model group were given subcutaneous injection with identical normal saline.In each group,nine rats were chosen randomly to be sacrificed at the 7th,14th and 21st day after operation for histological examination.Renal tissues were examined by HE and Masson stain.Immunhistochemistry was performed for Drp-1 in the renal interstitum.Results The renal function(serum Cr and BUN) damage in treatment group was lower than that in the model group at day 21(P0.01),and obviously higher than the sham group(P0.05).Compared with the UUO model group,the score of the renal interstitial damage and fibrotic area of treated group was decreased markedly at three time points(P0.05,respectively).The scores of the renal interstitial damage and fibrotic area of treatment group were higher than those of the sham group(P0.05).The expression of Drp-1 of treated group was decreased markedly at three time points(P 0.05) compared with the UUO model group,and was increased compared with sham group(P0.05).Conclusion The expression of Drp-1 increased during rat renal interstitial fibrosis.Erythroprietin maybe alleviates the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis by down-regulating the expression of Drp-1.


We prepared a series of amino-substituted 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) derivatives to study the photophysical property, especially the intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiency and the triplet excited states. Monoamino substituted AQ derivatives show...


The article shortly analyses the evolution of employment regulations in public administrations, considering the ways in which employees' skills and performances are taken into account. Afterwards it describes the last legislator's interventions (n. 15/2009 and 150/2009), shaped on authoritarian business akin rules, putting in evidence their contradictions with the structure of the last reforms, based on private contract rules, and their difficulties in enforement.


There are intersections between "sale" and "purchase" semantic fields. The sememes of the intersection words develop, parallel with either "buy" or "sell", or maintaining their own characteristics and remaining neutral. There are a variety of reasons in the evolution of verbs in the sale and purchase semantic fields, partly owing to the internal causes of the language system and partly to the influence of social systems and economic development.


Partial discharges on high voltage insulator surfaces are directly related with the deposition of pollution over the insulators. A complete partial discharge sensor network was previously developed and has been in operation for approximately one year. This paper presents the initial analysis of one year long experiments. A fuzzy inference system was applied on the results to extract a risk level. The risk level was incremented and decremented according to the partial discharge activity and relative humidity levels. The risk level obtained in this can be used to better plan the schedules for preventive maintenance.


The processes of crystallization of silicon and heptadecan in flat-bottomed cylindrical crucibles in conjugate convective heat transfer regime were studied numerically by the finite element method. Crystallization of silicon was investigated in a graphite crucible. Crystallization of heptadecane was investigated in a Plexiglas crucible. The possibility of existence of two convective vortices over a solidification front during the crystallization of silicon and heptadecane has been discovered. Crystallization of heptadecane was studied at two rates of lowering the crucible into the cold zone. Lowering of the crucible was simulated by moving the breakpoint in the temperature distribution on the outer side of the crucible walls. The breakpoint was the boundary of transition from the wall area heated to the initial temperature to the area with a given temperature gradient. Adaptive grids on triangles tracking the position of the crystallization front at each time step were used. The software package of developed by the authors was used.


More than 95% of ATP consumed in the heart is derived from oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) in the mitochondria. Besides over a thousand proteins encoded by nuclear DNA, mitochondrial gene expression machinery generates 13 proteins for the OxPhos system that employs mitochondrial ribosomal proteins for translation. Mitochondrial ribosome protein S5 (MRPS5) encoded by MRPs gene family, is located at the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome 28S subunit and its importance has not been explored in the heart. Western blotting showed that MRPS5 expression was decreased in TAC-induced hypertrophic mouse hearts (
 in vivo
 ), and in phenylephrine or isoproterenol-stimulated cardiomyocytes (
 in vitro
 ). In the failing hearts of patients, Mrps5-mediated mt-CO1 was markedly decreased as well. To determine the functional role of MRPS5 in the heart, we generated an inducible cardiac-specific knockout mouse and showed that Mrps5-deficient mice developed time-dependent cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and heart failure. Mitochondria in the Mrps5-deficient adult cardiomyocytes exhibited membrane swelling and cristae collapsed together with decreased oxygen consumption and ATP production. Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis was also disrupted. Combined analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics spatiotemporally identified 20 potential target genes associated with Mrps5 deficiency-mediated cardiac pathological processes. Through
 in vivo
 functional screening via adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated gene delivery, we further narrowed down and confirmed that Kruppel-like factor 15 (Klf15) remarkably rescued cardiac phenotype in the Mrps5-deficient mice with maintained mitochondrial homeostasis, suppressed cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, as well as preserved cardiac function. Further RNA-sequencing and biochemical analysis mechanistically revealed that genes involved in glycolysis/ gluconeogenesis, PPAR signaling pathway and biosynthesis of amino acids, markedly altered when exploited AAV-Klf15 gene therapy in Mrps5-deficient mice heart. Our results demonstrates Mrps5 is essential for mitochondrial homeostasis and cardiac function and uncovers Klf15 as a potential therapeutic target for treating cardiac mitochondrial diseases.


Thank you very much for downloading social psychology of work. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this social psychology of work, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer. social psychology of work is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the social psychology of work is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Clonazepam (CLZ) is a useful anticonvulsant; however, studies using different vehicles and routes have found conflicting results. CLZ levels measured in rats after single dose injections of either intraperitoneal (IP) or subcutaneous (SC) CLZ (1.0 mg/kg) dissolved in either propylene glycol (PG), propylene glycol + 18% ethanol (PGEtOH) or polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) were used to calculate the terminal elimination rate constants (beta), area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) and total clearance (CIT). A two way analysis of variance between route of administration and vehicle showed an effect of route on CIT (P<0.001) which depended on which vehicle was administered. When CLZ was dissolved in PG or PEG 400 the beta and CIT was significantly (P<.05) lower, and the AUC was significantly (P<.05) higher after SC than IP injections. The differences in beta, CIT or AUC between SC and IP injections were not significant when CLZ was dissolved in PGEtOH. SC injections produced more stable and reproducible CLZ levels than IP injections regardless the vehicle used. CLZ injections produce different plasma levels depending on the route and the vehicle used. In order to compare studies of CLZ effects, all of these variables must be considered.


Significance Language is viewed as a predominantly perisylvian function typically studied in isolation from memory. We demonstrate that the same neuronal computations used by the hippocampus for memory function also subserve online language usage. Our findings specify that the hippocampal complex contributes to language in an active fashion, relating incoming words to stored semantic knowledge, a necessary process in the generation of sentence meaning. These findings represent a major step in integrating the studies of language and memory, significantly expanding the role of hippocampal theta oscillations and adding hippocampal structures to the neural network supporting language. Language is classically thought to be supported by perisylvian cortical regions. Here we provide intracranial evidence linking the hippocampal complex to linguistic processing. We used direct recordings from the hippocampal structures to investigate whether theta oscillations, pivotal in memory function, track the amount of contextual linguistic information provided in sentences. Twelve participants heard sentences that were either constrained ("She locked the door with the") or unconstrained ("She walked in here with the") before presentation of the final word ("key"), shown as a picture that participants had to name. Hippocampal theta power increased for constrained relative to unconstrained contexts during sentence processing, preceding picture presentation. Our study implicates hippocampal theta oscillations in a language task using natural language associations that do not require memorization. These findings reveal that the hippocampal complex contributes to language in an active fashion, relating incoming words to stored semantic knowledge, a necessary process in the generation of sentence meaning.


This paper introduces a phenomenological model for the fuel distribution, combustion, and emissions formation in the small bore, high speed direct injection diesel engine. A differentiation is made between the conditions in large bore and small bore diesel engines, particularly regarding the fuel impingement on the walls and the swirl and squish gas flow components. The model considers the fuel injected prior to the development of the flame, fuel injected in the flame, fuel deposited on the walls and the last part of the fuel delivered at the end of the injection process. The model is based on experimental results obtained in a single-cylinder, 4-valve, direct-injection, four-stroke-cycle, water-cooled, diesel engine equipped with a common rail fuel injection system. The engine is supercharged with heated shop air, and the exhaust back pressure is adjusted to simulate actual turbo-charged diesel engine conditions. The experiments covered a wide range of injection pressures, EGR rates, injection timings and swirl ratios. Correlations and 2-D maps are developed to show the effect of combinations of the above parameters on engine out emissions. Emphasis is made on the nitric oxide and soot measured in Bosch Smoke Units (BSU).Copyright © 2005 by ASME


This is the first part in a series of two papers that concern with the quantitative analysis of the electromagnetic field enhancement and anomalous diffraction by a periodic array of subwavelength slits. The scattering problem in the diffraction regime is investigated in this part, for which the size of the period is comparable to the incident wavelength. We distinguish scattering resonances and real eigenvalues, and derive their asymptotic expansions when they are away from the Rayleigh cut-off frequencies. Furthermore, we present quantitative analysis of the field enhancement at resonant frequencies, by quantifying both the enhancement order and the associated resonant modes. The field enhancement near the Rayleigh cut-off frequencies is also investigated. It is demonstrated that the field enhancement becomes weaker at the resonant frequency if it is close to the Rayleigh cut-off frequencies. Finally, we also characterize the embedded eigenvalues for the underlying periodic structure, and point out that transmission anomaly such as Fano resonant phenomenon does not occur for the narrow slit array.


ABSTRACT: This monographic study, carried through documentary and bibliographical research, analyzes
the constitutional principles pertaining to the Jury Trial foreseen in the art. 5o, item XXXVIII,
Federal Constitution. For this, it first discusses the evolution of the institute in the world and in
Brazil. Thereafter addresses the People's Jury in Alien Law, showing how the theme is
developed in some of the major Western nations. In conclusion, it thoroughly analyzes the
constitutional principles pertaining to the People's Court, which are, fullness of defense, secrecy
of votes, sovereignty of verdicts and competence for the trial of intentional crimes against life.
In dealing with the principles foreseen in the Major Law, it delves into the study of the
proceduralisation of these constitutional principles, concluding that the procedure provided for
the trial by the Jury Trial is inadequate and, after a re-reading of the constitutional principles,
measures capable of improving the judgment, highlighting the formation of the Judgment
Council by professional judges or jurors, in order that the verdicts rendered reflect the real truth
and thus represent justice.


In this article, we investigate how 355, 532, and 1064 nm picosecond lasers interact with grass tissues. We have identified five interaction regimes, and based on this classification, interaction maps have been constructed from a systematic experiment. The optical properties of light absorbing grass constituents are studied theoretically in order to understand how and how much light is absorbed by grass tissues. Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy are employed for observing morphological and structural changes of grass tissues. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first investigation into laser interaction with plant leaves and reveals some fundamental findings regarding how a laser interacts with grass tissues and how plant leaves can be processed using lasers.


The Northern Qi Dynasty had been subjugated by Northern Zhou Dynasty,the reasons for this result are manifold including:militarily,in the beginning of the state founding,its military superiority and strategic advantage had already lost,then in the strategic and tactical series mistakes had been made.The appointments to those marshals and generals were inappropriate,and the emperor's command was confusing.All these eventually led to the defeat in the battlefield.Politically,fatuous emperor and greedy courtiers,chaotic political situation,intense and fierce struggle and serious ethnic conflict seriously weakened the regime.Economically,excessive building palaces,being destroyed Equal-field system,numerous and heavy tax,excessive respect for Buddhism,all these had caused the country's economic strength fall.All the factors mentioned interacted and eventually led to the demise of the regime in the external blow.In order to reveal the substantive reasons,discussion of this paper is from the military to politics,then to economy,and from outward appearance to inner essence.


Microcode compaction is a technique whose time has come. Recent advances make likely the development of microprogramming language compilers that use compaction as an optimization step. This session explains and contrasts several important approaches to compaction. The listener need not have a prior knowledge of microprogramming.


Summary: Providing an adequate cultural care is one of the most important aspects in nursing education. The nursing academic program in Yezreel Valley College (Israel) addressed this challenge by developing a simulation scenario, which enhanced the cultural competencies of nursing students.


Abstract Although recent reports of global amphibian declines have received considerable attention, reptile declines have gone largely unreported. Among reptiles, snakes are particularly difficult to quantitatively sample, and thus, most reports of snake declines are based on qualitative or anecdotal evidence. Recently, several sources have suggested that Eastern Kingsnakes (Lampropeltis getula) have declined over a substantial portion of their range in the southeastern United States, particularly in Florida. However, published evidence for L. getula declines or their potential causes are limited. We monitored the status of a population of L. getula on the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS) in Aiken, South Carolina, USA, from 1975 to 2006. Herpetofaunal populations on the Savannah River Site have been protected from the pressures of collecting and development since 1951 due to site access restrictions. Here, we document a decline in both abundance and body condition of L. getula inhabiting the vicinity of a large isolated wetland over the past three decades. Because this L. getula population was protected from anthropogenic habitat degradation, collection, and road mortality, we are able to exclude these factors as possible causes of the documented decline. Although the definitive cause of the decline remains enigmatic, natural succession of the surrounding uplands, periodic extreme droughts, shifts in community composition (e.g., increased Agkistrodon piscivorus abundance), introduced fire ants, or disease are all potential contributors to the decline.


The comprehensive conformational analysis of a side chain of the b L(C 5) glutamic acid oligomer at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level is carried out. The basic rotamers stabilizing the main chain structure of b L(C 5) are found and their relative stability is established.


Background How does it feel to live with a RMD and have chronic pain? How do you explain pain caused by RMD to your friends and family? How do you make others understand how pain affects your daily life? The communication department of the Danish Rheumatism Association needed to convey living with invisible pains, because it is of such importance to people with RMDs. Based on interviews with the users (people with RMDs) we found the best way of making others understand was to create a film, which illustrated living with invisible pain. Objectives We wanted to increase the general understanding of RMDs and living with invisible pain in society. The secondary objective was to brand awareness of the Danish Rheumatism Association and to generate leads for further processing, e.g. signing up for membership. Methods Based on a few interviews with users and several posts from Social Media we focused on making invisible pain visible. By choosing the media of a film we could show what the users found difficult putting into words. The film had to be short to make it possible to share, e.g. on Facebook, and by choosing a film without speak we avoided language barriers. Through adverts we retargeted visitors to our website and generated more members of the association. Results We launched the film on World Arthritis Day 2017 In 3½ weeks the film reached 1 million users and more than 1000 comments on Facebook, and the number of followers went up by 2000. The total impact of the film will be presented in June 2018. Conclusions In the presentation we will show how and why the campaign could be such a success. We will focus on how to follow-up the positive results of generating leads and making invisible pain visible. Disclosure of Interest None declared


The utility model discloses a storage box, and particularly discloses a storage box for bagged objects. The storage box for bagged objects is characterized in that a pasting board is arranged on the left upper side of a box body, two stopping boards are installed on the inside of the box body, a spring is arranged between the stopping boards and the box body, a hanging hook is installed on the right lower side of the box body, and the pasting board and the box body are integrally manufactured. The storage box has the advantages of being convenient and practical and attractive in appearance, the used bagged objects can be conveniently and rapidly settled, mixing and disorder phenomena are avoided, and the storage box brings convenience to people.


Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The miRNA in the RNA-induced silencing complex acts as a guide strand and binds the target mRNA. Subsequently, the gene is silenced either by cleaving the target mRNA or repressing the translation. Since the discovery of the first miRNA three decades ago, more than 2000 human miRNAs have been discovered. It is known to regulate hundreds of genes in various physiological and pathophysiological processes, including the development and function of immunologically essential cells. miR-155 plays a vital role in the function of T helper 1, 17, and T regulatory cells. miR-24 positively regulates the function of T helper 1, 17, and T regulatory cells, whereas miR-23 and 27 have a negative regulatory effect. miR-223 regulates the differentiation of neutrophils and monocytes. The role of miRNAs in bacterial infections came to light in 2006 after discovering miR-163 as a negative regulator of defense response in Arabidopsis thaliana infected with Pseudomonas syringae. During bacterial infection in the host, aberrant expression of several miRNAs was discovered. miR-155 was found to be the most commonly dysregulated miRNA in bacterial infections such as Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Chlamydia trachomatis. Therefore, miRNAs can be utilized as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for bacterial infections. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12(4):1-7.


In this study, the antioxidant activities and detailed phenolic profiling of extracts from seven cultivars of date seeds were investigated. Significant differences were detected among cultivars. Total phenolic content (TP) ranged between 135.9±12.1 and 284.86±21.9 mg GAE/g DM. The total flavonoid value varied between 34.20±0.34 and 94.46±1.04 mg RE/g DM. The condensed tannin ranged from 24.17±1.13 to 201.60±9.95 mg CTE/g DM. Phloroglucinolysis was used to depolymerize the bound polyphenols. Results show the presence of phenolic acids: Hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, and a high amount of flavan‐3ols (monomers, dimers, and trimers). Before depolymerization, the highest amount of total polyphenols was identified in Kenta (8.48 g/kg) and the lowest was detected in Hessa (4.74 g/kg). After depolymerization, the flavan‐3‐ols increased significantly, ranging between 46.91g/kg in Hessa and 72.38 g/kg in Deglet Nour, with a high degree of polymerization (DP) in all cultivars. It can be concluded that date seeds represent a good source of bioactive compounds.


The finite element codes were improved using Hermitian elements and numerical integration of element relations. The question of real variable versus complex variable formulation was resolved and an integrated civil engineering system was implemented on the Georgia Tech Cyber 70/74. Efforts are underway to restructure the program to obtain the most efficient use of array storage.


The situation and development prospect of information industry in China are firstly described in this presentation. The development strategies, plans and R&D projects on information industry are then introduced. Finally, the technique innovations are remarked.


Abstract The tombstones of Julia Margaret Cameron and her husband in the picturesque graveyard of St. Mary's Church at Bogawantalawa1 near Glencairn in Sri Lanka are reminders of the love the Camerons had for that country, ever since Mr C. H. Cameron toured the island in his capacity as Reforms Commissioner, during his service in India. After their later years in England (1846–1875), the Camerons decided 'to spend the last years of their lives in Ceylon and even brought their coffins with them'2. They did so in 1875, and bought a large acreage of land upcountry, which is even today known as 'Cameronwatte'3. Mrs Cameron died on 26th January 18794. She was born in India on 11th June 18155, the third daughter of James Pattie of the Bengal Civil Service. Mr Charles Hay Cameron was a Member of the Law Commission in India in 1838, and this is how they came to meet.


The problem of this study was to determine how much foundry equipment exists in the high schools of Texas and to determine to what extent it is being utilized. The data for this study were provided by thirty-seven metalworking instructors of Texas high schools.
Of the Texas high schools offering metalworking as a part of the industrial arts curriculum, few appear to have adequate foundry facilities. In addition, a deficiency seems evident in the background and training in foundry of the metalworking instructors.


Sodium bicarbonate is an ideal buffer for the treatment of metabolic acidosis if the following conditions are present: 1) the desired pH is close to 6.1, 2) the recipient has the ability to excrete instantly any additional carbon dioxide generated, and 3) the additional osmoles do not shift the pKa of all buffers downward. Unfortunately, none of these three conditions are met. Intravenous sodium bicarbonate might provide a benefit if the patient who has metabolic acidosis needs more extracellular fluid volume (eg, those who have lactic acidosis). However, in trials comparing the effect of sodium bicarbonate with sodium chloride or albumin, sodium bicarbonate was not superior. Consequently, the intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate is not recommended for the treatment of newborns who have metabolic acidosis.


Background: Current allergy diagnosis is performed with allergen extracts which contain a variety of allergenic and nonallergenic components. The availability of highly purified and well‐characterized allergen molecules seems to be an advantage of component‐based diagnosis.


This study was carried to examine one hundred and sixty-three different freshly dead rabbits' corpses collected from different husbandries of rabbit rearing located in Qalubiya governorate, suffered from mortalities along the period from January, 2020 to March 2021. From each collected corpse sample, five internal organs represented by liver, kidney, spleen, lung and intestine were collected for bacteriological investigation for the presence of Salmonella species; after which serological identification of Salmonella isolates was performed then sensitivity test was applied to detect resistance to some antibiotics groups Resistance genes (AadB ,qnrS and TetA(A))are detected . Results of bacteriological examinations revealed that isolation of thirty-one different Salmonella species, where isolated from liver 7, kidney 5, spleen 10, lung 3, and intestine 6 isolates with incidence of 22.5, 16.1, 32.3, 9.6, and 19.35% respectively. Moreover, serological identification clarified that out of thirty-one isolates, 9(29.03%) strains were S. Arizonae, 5(16.12%) strains were S. Kentucky, 7(22.58%) strains were S. Enteritidis, and 8(25.80%) strains were S. Typhimurium, and 2(6.45%) strain was S. Banana. Referring to the obtained results, Salmonella was regarded as significant bacteria responsible for several morbidity and mortalities cases in rabbit farms. Antimicrobial susceptibility was applied on Salmonella strains and referred that salmonella have high resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline and quinolones group. Moreover, resistance genes (aadB, qnrs, and tetA(A) were also detecting using PCR.


There are many factors to influence the advantage of water-sealed underground oil tank sites,such as geological environment,geological environment and construction convenience.Firstly,ten influence factors such as geologic structure,geomorphology,rock mass strength,and so on,which are generalized from the engineering geological conditions,technologic and economic conditions and construction conditions are put forward on the base of survey and prospecting work of the first underground state oil reserves in China,and their corresponding quantitative indexes are determined.Then the classification criterion of the water-sealed underground oil tank sites was proposed.Based on the criterion,the extension method was used to evaluate the water-sealed underground oil tank sites.Finally the program was applied in the Huizhou water-sealed underground oil tank engineering.The results show the site of that the Huizhou water-sealed underground oil tank is good.


Everybody knows that bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a bad thing, at least for humans and animals, if not for bacteria. Drugs that were effective for treating community- and hospital-acquired infections are no longer so because the target bacteria are resistant to their action. To be sure, it may be some time before we really enter the predicted "postantibiotic era" in which common infections are frequently untreatable. Even now, however, the consequences of resistance in some bacteria can be measured as increases in the term and magnitude of morbidity, higher rates of mortality, and greater costs of hospitalization for patients infected with resistant bacteria relative to those infected with sensitive strains (1). Dozens of new antimicrobial compounds have been licensed in the U.S. during the last half century, but almost all "new antibiotics" introduced in the last 40 years have been relatively minor chemical variants of compounds to which bacteria have already developed resistance. As a result, bacteria have rapidly adapted existing resistance mechanisms to evade the new compounds. Indeed, only a single chemically novel class of antibacterial agents, the oxazolidinones, has been introduced into clinical use since the 1970s.


Phase-field modeling is a powerful and versatile computational approach for modeling the evolution of cracks in solids. However, phase-field modeling requires high computational cost for capturing accurately how cracks develop under increasing loads. In brittle fracture mechanics, the crack initiation and propagation can be considered as a time series forecasting problem so they can be studied by observing the change of the phase-field variable, which represents the level of material damaging. In this paper, we develop a rather simple approach utilizing autoregressive integrated moving average technique (ARIMA) to predict the variation of the phase-field variable in an isothermal, linear elastic and isotropic phase-field model for brittle materials. Time series data of the phase-field variable is extracted from numerical results using coarse finite-element meshes. Two ARIMA schemes are introduced to exploit the structure of the collected data and provide a prediction for the change of phase-field variable when using a finer mesh, that gives a better results in terms of accuracy but it requires highly computational cost.


There are strong incentives for individuals to undergo genetic tests. Genetic information can improve clinical analysis, facilitate medical research, improve the public health, and enhance individual


Sugarcane is a dominant cropping system in the tropics and sub-tropics of Australia. High nitrogen (N) input to support sugarcane productivity has, however, been associated with low N use efficiency due to N losses. Controlled release fertilisers (CRF) have gained interest for their potential to reduce N losses through better synchronisation of N release with crop N demand. There is almost no experimental data on N release from CRF specific to conditions experienced in sugarcane soils and the limited data on N uptake patterns typically come from short-term experiments under specific conditions. So, a systematic analysis of N uptake patterns, as a function of soil, crop and management factors as well as considering the effect of seasonal climate variability, is needed in order to inform the required synchrony. As a first step, this paper presents an analysis of N uptake patterns of sugarcane crops in response to varying seasonal climate conditions by extending field observation data using APSIM modelling. The objectives of the analysis were to characterise the seasonal variability in N uptake patterns and to explore what this may mean for the design of CRF release patterns for Australian sugarcane systems. The analysis was based on past simulations by Keating et al. (1999) of a number of experimental datasets on sugarcane growth and yield. Ten datasets containing both biomass and biomass N measurements for plant or ratoon crops from one growing season were selected. The datasets came from five different locations to capture the key climatic differences within the Australian sugarcane growing region. Selected single year datasets and simulations from Keating et al. (1999) were extrapolated using historical climate data (1958- 2013) and scenario modelling. Management rules were used to mimic actual management in the one year trials, but defined in more general terms to allow extrapolation to 55 additional seasons. Above-ground biomass and biomass N accumulation were simulated to characterise the system's productivity and N accumulation in response to seasonal climate variability. In addition, total N uptake, which includes N accumulated in below-ground roots, was predicted. The simulated N uptake patterns were then compared with a three-stage, conceptual release pattern commonly attributed to polymer coated fertilisers. Preliminary results show that large variations were found in observed (experimental) above-ground biomass and biomass N accumulation. Both, however, showed some consistency during the early growing period across sites although patterns for plant and ratoon crops were different. The APSIM simulated time-course of above-ground biomass either using original management from the experimental trial or general rule-based management, agreed well with the observations across all the selected datasets conducted under high N and water input conditions. During the early growing stages of sugarcane, simulated N accumulation in above- ground biomass also closely followed the measurements, providing support for the extrapolation to other seasons through simulation. For each dataset there was considerable variability in predicted total N uptake across the 56 seasons. During the early stages of growth (100 - 150 days after planting or ratooning), however, the simulated variation in above-ground biomass, N accumulation and total N uptake were quite small and as a consequence the simulated N uptake pattern was quite well defined and relatively insensitive to seasonal climatic differences. In terms of CRF design, these simulation results provide an early indication of the required release patterns, the length of a potential delay in release and subsequent release rate, if N from CRF is targeted at the rapid N uptake stage and early N requirements can be met from other sources (initial soil N, N in planting mix or N mineralisation). The simulation based systems approach enabled the quantification of N uptake patterns of sugar systems in response to soil, crop and management factors as well as seasonal climate variability. The simulated variability in uptake patterns and responses to seasonal climate were caused by a combination of factors including crop class (plant or ratoon), crop age, genotype as well as management (e.g. planting and ratooning date). Further research will systematically explore the effects of these factors on N uptake patterns.


By treatment of methyl 3β-acetoxy-7β-hydroxy-4,4,14-trimethyl-1-oxo-5α-chol-8-en-24-oate 3 with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine methyl 3β-acetoxy-4,4,14-trimethyl-11-oxo 19-norchola-5,7,9-trien-24-oate 1a was synthesized and its structure confirmed by spectral evidence. From 3β-acetoxy-19-norlanosta-5,7,9-trien-11-one 1b the 7-amino derivative 1d, of which was prepared by nitration and selective catalytic hydrogenation (10% Pd/C) of the obtained 7-nitro compound 1c.