This work analyses the performance of quantum circuits and general processes to transform k uses of an arbitrary unitary operation U into another unitary operation f(U). When the desired function f a homomorphism, i.e., f(UV)=f(U)f(V), it is known that optimal average fidelity is attainable by parallel circuits and indefinite causality does not provide any advantage. Here we show that the situation changes dramatically when considering anti-homomorphisms, i.e., f(UV)=f(V)f(U). In particular, we prove that when f is an anti-homomorphism, sequential circuits could exponentially outperform parallel ones and processes with indefinite causal order could outperform sequential ones. We presented explicit constructions on how to obtain such advantages for the unitary inversion task f(U)=U−1 and the unitary transposition task f(U)=UT. We also stablish a one-to-one connection between the problem of unitary estimation and parallel unitary transposition, allowing one to easily translate results from one field to the other. Finally, we apply our results to several concrete problem instances and present a method based on computer-assisted proofs to show optimality.


The technologies and basic characteristics of some modern engineering bamboo materials,such as bamboo veneer,bamboo laminated wood and bamboo scrimber,etc.,are analyzed and compared with each other to describe their different applications in architectural structural elements.The application outlook and advantages of bamboo structure are discussed according to the design and construction practices of modern bamboo structure demonstration building.Bamboo structure has favorable flexibility and outstanding seismic performance on both design and construction aspects.Its best advantages are green,energy saving and emission reduction.Modern engineering bamboo materials can satisfy the requirements of modern structural engineering,enabling promotion and application of bamboo structure on a large scale.


Hall Effect Thrusters (HET) constitute very promising devices for space applications. The insulators erosion phenomena of the accelerating chamber by the xenon ions exhibit a great complexity, and not only strongly affect the performances of HET, but also are the main limiting cause of their lifetime. An actinometric method has been developed to measure the HET ceramic wall erosion from means of Optical Emission Spectroscopy using the relationship between XeI, XeII and BI lines. We observed an asymmetric behavior of the re-deposits on the ceramic and on the anode of the HET. To complete this in-situ approach, the behavior and the ageing of insulators in a SPT100-ML have been studied ex-situ. Ceramic (BN-SiO2) rings constituting the channel of the HET were manufactured with inserts periodically set all around the channel wall. Simultaneously, silicon substrates were set in the channel to try to de-correlate the effects of re-deposition of products from the ceramics erosion in the channel (visible on the silicon substrates) and anode, from the microstructural and chemical changes of the ceramics (visible on the inserts) during HET working. Substrates and inserts are then analyzed with an environmental SEM.


In dealing with the problem that most current filtering algorithms excessively erode the bare earth at discontinuities or place with complex buildings,we present a new filtering algorithm based on segmentation.Firstly the original point cloud is segmented into many segments based on the continuity of terrain surface.Then,the ground point set is differed from non-ground point set using the way of establishing buffer area after gross error points remove by the number of segment.Finally,we get the filtering effect after several iterations.The experimental results show that this algorithm significantly improves the classification accuracy of ground points compared with other classical filters.This algorithm effectively preserves the ground information when filter kinds of object information.In addition comparing with the filtering effect of Terrascan software,the filtering effect of the proposed algorithm is better in removing vegetation and preserving the point in the edge of ground.


A previous study from our institution (Obstet Gynecol 1992;80:436) had shown that very low birth weight twins (TW) had comparable discharge outcomes to singletons of similar birth weight (BW) and gestational ages (GA). Data are scarce for outcomes of higher order multiples (HOM). Our aim is to describe outcomes of preterm multiple births at discharge and compare TW [n=342] to HOM[triplets (n=96) and quadruplets (n=12)]. Data were collected for all consecutive multiple births between 1/1/90 to 11/30/96. Statistical analyses were done using chi square or student's t test, as appropriate. Race and gender distribution in the two groups were comparable. Mortality for TW and HOM was not significantly different, 5% for TW and 1.9% for HOM. Outcomes data are shown in the table as mean ± sem or percentages. (*p < 0.05, †p < 0.0001). [PS = prenatal steroids, CS = Cesarean section, LOS = length of stay]


DGGE of 16S rDNA is one of the most frequently used methods to study microbial communities. In this study, the DGGE profiles of different 16S rDNA regions of the periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella nigrescens were investigated. The results suggested that V3‐V5 and V6‐V8 fragments may be suitable for community analysis of subgingival bacteria. Further analysis of subgingival samples with V3‐V5 and V6‐V8 regions as target fragments suggested that, in chronic periodontitis, re‐colonization by periodontal bacteria with a population very similar to the baseline may occur by 6 weeks after mechanical debridement.


Ultrasonic imaging is one of the most important and still growing diagnostic tools today. Ultrasonic imaging is more appealing as a clinical imaging modality compared to such imaging modalities as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), nuclear imaging, and x‐ray computed tomography(CT) in that it is more cost‐effective, non‐invasive, capable of real‐time operation, and portable while providing images of comparable quality and resolution. State‐of‐the‐art ultrasonic scanners offer real‐time gray scale images of anatomical detail with millimeter spatial resolution superimposed on which is a map of Doppler blood flow information displayed in color. Clinical applications of these devices are still expanding and the operating frequencies of these devices seem to inch higher and higher. High frequency (HF) ultrasound (>20 MHz) yields improved spatial resolution at the expense of a shallower depth of penetration. There are a number of clinical problems that may benefit from high frequency ultrasonic imaging. Intravascular imaging with probes mounted on catheter tips at frequencies higher than 20 MHz with the highest frequency being 60 MHz has been used to characterize atherosclerotic plaque and to guide stent placement and angioplastic procedures. The medical efficacy of ultrasonic imaging of anterior segments of the eye at frequencies higher than 50 MHz in diagnosing glaucoma and ocular tumors and in assisting refractive surgery has been demonstrated. Applications in dermatology for defining tumor involvement and for monitoring treatment, in vascular surgery for characterizing atherosclerotic plaques, and in small animal imaging are also being investigated. To further expand the role of HF ultrasound, probe performance must be improved since current HF ultrasound imaging devices, dubbed "ultrasound biomicroscopes" or "UBMs" by a number of investigators use mechanically scanned single element transducers. Compared to electronic scanning with linear arrays, mechanical scanning of a single element transducer has three major drawbacks: poorer resolution, slower frame rate, and motion of the probe. Single element transducers can only produce beams with a fixed focus which means the spatial resolution of the device is best only within the depth of focus, i.e., in a very tight zone and degrades rapidly beyond the focal point. Mechanical motion of the transducer limits the frame rate, is unreliable, and may cause discomfort and, at worst, hazard to the patient. My presentation will introduce several HF ultrasound transducers currently being developed by the NIH Transducer Resource Center at the University of California. Emphasis will be placed on the construction and implementation of high frequency array transducers. Learning Objectives: 1. Familiarize audience with high frequency ultrasound transducers and their applications.


We critically reexamine the standard applications of the method of kinematical endpoints for sparticle mass determination. We consider the typical decay chain in supersymmetry (SUSY) ? 02 ? ? 01, which yields a jet j, and two leptons ?n? and ?f. The conventional approaches use the upper kinematical endpoints of the individual distributions mj??, mj?(lo) = min {mj?n,mj?f} and mj?(hi) = max {mj?n,mj?f}, all three of which suffer from parameter space region ambiguities and may lead to multiple solutions for the SUSY mass spectrum. In contrast, we do not use mj??, mj?(lo) and mj?(hi), and instead propose a new set of (infinitely many) variables whose upper kinematic endpoints exhibit reduced sensitivity to the parameter space region. We then outline an alternative, much simplified procedure for obtaining the SUSY mass spectrum. In particular, we show that the four endpoints observed in the three distributions m2??, m2j?n?m2j?f and m2j?n+m2j?f are sufficient to completely pin down the squark mass m and the two neutralino masses m02 and m01, leaving only a discrete 2-fold ambiguity for the slepton mass m. This remaining ambiguity can be easily resolved in a number of different ways: for example, by a single additional measurement of the kinematic endpoint of any one out of the many remaining 1-dimensional distributions at our disposal, or by exploring the correlations in the 2-dimensional distribution of m2j?n?m2j?f versus m2??. We illustrate our method with two examples: the LM1 and LM6 CMS study points. An additional advantage of our method is the expected improvement in the accuracy of the SUSY mass determination, due to the multitude and variety of available measurements.


Using the bridging role of tolylene diisocyanate(TDI),poly(vinyl alcohol)-g-tolylene diisocyanate-fatty alcohol copolymers were synthesized with the fatty alcohols as the thermal storage units along the PVA backbone via the "grafting to" method.The thermal storage behavior,thermal stability and crystalline structure of PVA-g-TDI-C(n) copolymers were detailed investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that PVA-g-TDI-C(n) copolymers exhibit the better thermal storage ability,and the value of enthalpy increases with the side-chain length and the grafting ratio.Compared with the pure fatty alcohols,the grafted ones show the decreased thermal storage efficiency due to the confined mobility of longer methylene groups.Besides the confined mobility of methylene groups,the effect of PVA backbones and the bridging units of TDI also contribute to the decrement of thermal storage ability of PVA-g-TDI-C(n) copolymers.Additionally,PVA-g-TDI-C(n) copolymers exhibit the higher thermal stability than that of pure n-fatty alcohol,and the thermal degradation temperature is located at 324—330 ℃,proving that it can be used as the solid-solid phase change materials in the aspects of buildings,fiber and textiles,thermal fluids,etc.So,the packing manner and thermal behavior of PVA-g-TDI-C(n) copolymers were further discussed and analyzed from the viewpoints of microstructural mobility.


Software has always been a companion for humans since the boomed invention of automation. All the automation which has been done till date always carried a motive for the ease of complex processes and sometimes for replacing enormous human activities. The project presents plant leaf disease detection, effect of disease on plant yield and the remedies for its cure. In agriculture, research of automatic plant disease is essential in monitoring large fields of plants, and thus automatically detect symptoms of disease as soon as they appear on plant leaves. Every other field has got some benefit from new technologies as compared to the agricultural field. According to past studies, 42% of agricultural production is in loss and that too because of the increasing rate of loss due to plant leaf diseases. To overcome this major issue, this plant leaf disease detection technique can be applied to detect a disease from the input images. This process involved steps like image preprocessing, image segmentation, feature extraction.


Abstract Although the subject of administrative leadership is not new, the teaching of it in clearly defined classes has been uncommon until the last 10 to 15 years. Now, classes on administrative leadership are beginning to proliferate. This exploratory study looks at the characteristics of these classes to provide a profile of the types of classes offered and potential ideas for those launching such classes.


Petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of S a 1 v i a a e t h i o p i s yielded a hydrocarbon, two steroidal and two flavonoidal compounds. By using UV, IR and N M R spectral methods, analytical calculations as well as standard sample comparison, the compounds were found to be n-eicosan, (3-sitosterol, salvigenin, 5-hydroxy-3-'4,-'7-trimethoxyflavone and sitosteryl-30-D-glucoside. Salvia aethiopis (Labiatae) is a 30-50 cm tall perennial plant, wide spread in the European section of Turkey. The plant was collected in June 1972 at Babaeski (European Turkey), identified by Prof. Dr. A. BAYTOP (Istanbul). A voucher sample is deposited in the Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Istanbul.


A facile one-pot method was used to synthesize Pt/Cu2O/GNs and Pd/Cu2O/GNs composites. Pt or Pd nanoparticles are deposited onto graphene sheets (GNs) and Cu2O via synchronous reduction of K2PtCl4 (K2PdCl4), Cu(OH)2 and graphene oxide (GO) with glucose as a reducing agent under microwave irradiation. The formation of Cu2O promotes the nucleation of Pt(0) or Pd(0) particles and favors more complete reduction of PtCl42− or PdCl42−. Catalytic properties of as-prepared composites for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry, COads stripping voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS). Electrochemical experiments showed that Pt/Cu2O/GNs and Pd/Cu2O/GNs had much higher catalytic activity and stability for MOR and better resistance to CO poisoning compared with the commercially available Johnson Matthey 20% Pt/C catalyst (Pt/C-JM) and Sigma-Aldrich 20% Pd/C catalyst (Pd/C-SA). Especially under the UV irradiation, the total peak current density and catalytic stability of Pt/Cu2O/GNs and Pd/Cu2O/GNs drastically increase, which may result from the synergistic effect between the electro-catalytic and photo-catalytic properties. In brief, the cooperation among Pt (Pd), Cu2O and GNs promotes remarkably the catalytic performance for MOR on Pt/Cu2O/GNs and Pd/Cu2O/GNs either without light or with UV irradiation.


Industry has been supplying more variety of goods to consumers in order to cope with multi-purpose in citizens' lives. This small lots size production cost and energy consumption has been increasing. In this paper, external cost by extreme variety of goods is estimated in some sections of the production process. Questionnaire was sent to 27 corporations in 4 kinds of household goods industries and their catalogue were investigated. In the most of the goods, the rapid increase of goods' variety started in 1984, the highest value was between 1989 and 1990 and the trend of decrease was observed in 1991. The degree of rising demand is estimated for an additional type of goods by the statistic analysis. The energy consumption was calculated for production of goods equivalent to 1.0 million yen (total production cost) using the input-output analysis. In motorcar industry, 1.8 of production energy was increased by an additional type of car.


Modification of AISI D2 tool steel was conducted by friction stir processing (FSP). Effects of tool rotational speed on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties were investigated. Though coarse primary carbides in the size of 10-50 m were observed before FSP, fine carbides smaller than 20 m and martensitic matrix with fine grains were obtained after FSP. High hardness of over 900 HV, higher than the hardness in conventional D2 tool steel, was achieved under the condition of moderate rotational speed.


Increasing complexity, high variance and diversity of products as well as ever-decreasing innovation cycles represent the significant challenges of the today's product development. Companies need to find possibilities to handle these changing circumstances in order to achieve their product innovations and to serve customer needs. One possible solution to deal with these challenges is the virtualization of product development. This approach seems to be increasingly inevitable for future product development. By using different virtualization technologies (VT) products can be developed more quickly, cheaper and with a better quality. However, virtualization technologies require new competencies in organizations and processes. Findings of this cross-industrial user study showed differences between automotive and non-automotive industry regarding current and prospective use of VT as well as subjective experience and intrinsic motivation of using VT. Thus, non-automotive industry seems to act more application-oriented at this time.


Taylor Nelson Sofres (TNS) reported that in Malaysia, it was estimated that the number of mobile devices owned (30.4 million devices) was higher than the current population, which is 28.2 million people. This showed a huge potential in implementing the use of technology in the educational sector that may benefit students to indulge in learning. However, little was known about the present ownership of ubiquitous technology (u-tech) such as laptops, smartphones and tablets among students in institutions of higher learning in Malaysia. This study was based on a quantitative research and the population comprised undergraduates from Malaysian Technical Universities (MTUN). A total of 400 questionnaires were analyzed. Results revealed that all 400 undergraduates owned at least one u-tech. A total of 111 undergraduates owned all the three u-tech, 241 undergraduates owned at least two u-tech and only 48 undergraduates owned one u-tech. Eventhough u-tech was perceived as being able to assist learning, yet from the result obtained, it was determined that ownership of tablets was low. It can be concluded that tablets were less popular among many undergraduates mainly for financial reasons or perhaps due to restricted functionality.


The present invention relates to dopamine D3 receptor useful for the treatment of a disease responsive to modulation arylsulfonyl group or an aryl group substituted with an aromatic sulfonamide compound for. The present invention relates to aromatic compounds of formula I and their physiologically tolerated acid addition salts thereof, wherein A, X, Y, R1, R2, R1a, R2a, E, Ar as defined in the specification. The present invention also relates to compounds of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a preparation for the treatment of disorders responsive to the dopamine D3 receptor ligand pharmaceutical composition.


. In the digital era, in the field of computer science to perform any task based on complex data, we need to arrange and pre-process that data because real-world data may be noisy, complex, and unclassified. Therefore, to make our task easy and to get accurate results, we must classify our data. Classification plays a major role in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). In HCI Hand Gesture is a broadly used method for interaction with the system. In the classification of gesture data in machine learning, different classifiers like Naïve Bayes, KNN, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), etc. are used. In this study, we compare the different classifiers and concentrated on the central principles of each technique and its advantages and drawbacks. information that applies to a task or operation. many interesting research papers compare different machine learning algorithms and figure out robustness, deficiency, and parameter-based recommendations concerning specific tasks 5,14 . In this paper, we compare five different classifier techniques which are used in gesture data classification in machine learning based on their parameters. Since a particular classifier may or may not work well for a particular classification task, it is important to conduct a comparative study of different classifiers to achieve maximum and optimal performance. Various classifier methods include Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Back Propagation (BP), Naive Bayes classifiers, Support vector machines (SVM), and Decision tree classifiers.


Internet is the future and VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is growing in use. Companies are starting to realise the benefits with VoIP. Skype is the number one soft phone on the market but it d ...


Doping superlattices are structures which contain alter tively n-type andp-type doped regions of one semiconduc material and have a number of unique properties, such tunable electronic structures, indirect band gap in real sp and large recombination lifetimes. These properties are o nated from the spatial separation of electrons and holes to the periodic impurity space charge potential and can utilized in semiconductor devices such as light-intens modulators. Great efforts have been put on the tunable indirect band-gap transitions of n-i-p-i superlattices. The possible vertical optical transitions in n-i-p-i superlattices are also investigated by temperature-dependent photolumi cence~PL! experiments. 7–9 However, these reports only dis cussed the overall PL intensity dependence on tempera and the critical temperature point at which vertical tran tions will prevail in intensity according to the sample para eters. To our surprise, no discussions on the PL peak en dependence on temperature were performed in the large of previous research in this field. In this paper, we inve gate the temperature-dependent PL properties of an n-i-p-i GaAs superlattice. Both PL peaks from indirect transitio and direct transitions are clearly observed, the redshifts the two peaks with increasing temperature are discusse terms of the competition of the direct and indirect transitio in the n-i-p-i GaAs superlattice. The sample was grown by molecular-beam epita ~MBE! on a ~001! N GaAs substrate, after deposition of mm semi-insulating GaAs buffer layer, ten periods of n GaAs (40 nm)/ p GaAs (40 nm! was grown.n GaAs was Si doped andp GaAs was Be doped, both n andp doping concentration is 1310cm. The overall structures wer grown at 520 °C. The PL was performed in a Fourier tra form spectrometer equipped with an InGaAs detector. T spectra were obtained under excitation with the 514.5line of an argon-ion laser.


Two novel ice-making systems with evaporative supercooled water are introduced with different dehumidification methods.One is the improved ice-making system with liquid desiccant,in which a subsystem of evaporative precooling water is added and the dehumidified air is cooled by cooling water of system itself.The improved system can not only avoid the blocking problem in the traditional supercooled water method,but also can utilize the low humidity ratio air.The other is an ice-making system with condensation dehumidification,which includes two ice-making subsystems,with evaporative supercooled water and supercooled condensed water of moist air separately,and also solves the blocking problem with the traditional supercooled water method.The system is relatively simple in comparison with the improved ice-making system with liquid desiccant.The analysis on thermodynamic properties shows that in comparison with the traditional supercooled water system,the coefficient of performance of the improved ice-making system of evaporative supercooled water with liquid desiccant can be increased by more than 33.8%,while that with condensation dehumidification is basically the same under a certain working condition.


Prevalence of thrombocytopenia in congenital cyanotic heart disease is not known, and decreased platelet production due to right to left shunting of megakaryocytes away from the lung has also been implicated as a possible cause.[4,5] Furthermore, they are prone to infective endocarditis and coupled with right to left shunting of infected thrombi which may embolize to body organs including the brain resulting in cerebral abscess and mycotic aneurysm. His hematocrit still remained high despite the B‐T shunt because the B‐T shunt was now inadequate for his age. Availability of definitive surgery in our setting will certainly improve his quality of life and survival.


Daniel Del Vecchio Comparisons Between ADD/ADHD Diagnosed and Non-Diagnosed Boys, Pre-Kindergarten Through Grade Eight 2000 Dr. Roberta Dihoff Dr. John Klanderman School Psychology The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale-Revised: Short Form (CTRS-R: S). The CTRS-R: S is an instrument used for the assessment of attention-deficit disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD) and related behavioral problems in children and adolescents. The study included 225 boys in grades Pre-Kindergarten through eight. The subjects were divided into two groups. Group one consisted of 165 boys who were not diagnosed with ADD/ADHD; Group two consisted of 61 boys who had been previously diagnosed with ADD/ADHD. A second analysis regrouped the sample by grade-groups that were consistent with the age scales for scoring the CTRS-R: S. The subjects were rated by teachers using the CTRS-R: S. A multivariate analysis of variance was performed for both groups across four behavioral conditions: ADHD, hyperactivity, cognitive and oppositional. The results of the analyses were significant for the large sample; however, the analyses of the subgroups were not significant.


ABSTRACT Twelve compounds have been characterized by GC and GC/MS in oil obtained from the rhizome and leaves of Alpinia galanga Willd. The major compound is myrcene (94.51%, rhizome; 52.34%, leaves).


Nine years since its inception, Design Agency is the flagship means by which students on the Graphic Design Degree Programme at Edinburgh College of Art, The University of Edinburgh graduate from four years of full-time education with an honours degree and, simultaneously, 3-4 years of work experience. Winner of the Guardian University Awards 2013 prize for Employability Initiative [1], it was the first project of its kind in the UK. From day one, fledgling students secure 'employment' as interns within student-led design agencies along with peers from all levels of the programme. This scheme has addressed government and industries concern over graduate readiness of the professional world [2] and has allowed students to experience work-like scenarios within the safety of the academic environment. Developing rounded, 'real world' skill sets, such as pitching, delegating and networking, students are on a meteoric learning curve. Whilst success of our graduates has been apparent, our mantra is that they are 100% employable, the type of University/Design-ready applicants recruited to the graphics programme has been limited. Designer in Residence was created whereby final year undergraduate students, otherwise known as Creative Directors, from each student agency, have been challenged on a weekly basis to embed themselves within a local primary or secondary school as resident designers. This initiative responds to Scotland's Youth Employment Strategy [2] to improve young people's ability to make informed decisions about future pathways and specifically for our design staff, helping young people understand the wealth of study and career opportunities within the (graphic) design sector. This work in progress aims to bridge the gap between schools and university just as the Design Agency project has between university and industry.


Localization of metals in human tissue, has been observed in the electron probe microanalyzer. Tissues from seven organs, of malignant, and normal pathology, were surveyed and showed extremely high concentrations of Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn as well as occasional other metallic elements. The frequency of occurrence of metals in high concentrations appeared to be greater in malignant tissue. Electron microscopy was employed to locate metals within microtomed sections.


Document Type Book Publisher Centre for Disability Research and Development, Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Edith Cowan University Place of Publication Perth, Western Australia Editor(s) Fox, C., Brogan, M., & Lee, M. Faculty Faculty of Health and Human Sciences School Centre for Disability Research and Development Comments Cocks, E., Fox, C., Brogan, M., & Lee, M. (Eds.). (1996). Under blue skies : the social construction of intellectual disability in Western Australia. Joondalup, Australia: Centre for Disability Research and Development, Faculty of Health and Human Services, Edith Cowan University. Abstract Research into the history of people with intellectual disabilities in Western Australia has been a sporadic undertaking. Scholarship to date has been mainly institutional in character and often undertaken as an adjunct to the study of mental illness. The people themselves have remained mostly invisible. In 1989, the Editors conceived of a social history research project in which, for the first time, an attempt would be made to document the lives of people with intellectual disabilities in Western Australia The project would also aim to describe the institutional, social, political and professional history we identify with mainstream historical scholarship...  Download


This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress considers each year, regarding the Department of the Interior and related agencies. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate Appropriations Subcommittees on Interior and Related Agencies. It summarizes the status of the bill, its scope, major issues, funding levels, and related congressional activity, and is updated as events warrant.


Cross sections have been measured for the ionisation of Ga+ by energy-resolved electrons ( Delta E=0.1 eV) with energies between threshold at 20.51 eV and 41 eV. There was good agreement with the measurements of Rogers et al (1982) who reported very strong contributions from indirect ionisation, but the enhanced energy resolution of the present measurements enabled much more structure in the ionisation function to be resolved. This structure is compared with the photoionisation cross sections of Ga+ of Peart et al (1989) and with the calculations of autoionisation by Pindzola et al (1982). The calculations reproduced some autoionisation features quite accurately but optically permitted transitions were found to contribute less to ionisation than was predicted.


To find the rule of structural progressing of phenol-urea-formaldehyde (PUF) resin prepared under alkaline condition and to provide theoretical basis for PUF preparation,quantification of main function groups and identification of different linkages formed in PUF prepolymers were analyzed by 13 C NMR spectroscopy when phenol,formaldehyde and urea were charged by several times during the preparation of PUF. Results showed that PUF prepolymers obtained by different charging methods showed similar chemical structure with almost same type of linkage but showed difference in structural constitution. Under definite materials' ratio in this experiment,the final reaction progresses of synthesizing PUF resins were almost similar. The charging of formaldehyde by several times could decrease the formation of ether and was in favor of simplifying the reaction. Results of thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA) exhibited that curing performance of PUF prepolymers were not much affected by different charging methods.


Objective: To evaluate the value of transsphenoidal surgery by endoscopy for resection of pituitary tumors.Method: Thirty-two patients with pituitary tumour were treated with endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery.Result: Tumors were totally excised in 32 patients,and no complications were found except for cerebrospinal fluid leak in 2 cases.During 6 to 24 months′ follow-up,the function of endocrine in 30 patients resumed to normal,and the eye sight elevated in 6 cases.Conclusion: Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is a safe,simple,minimally invasive and effetive procedure for pituitary tumors.


The investigations described in this paper were carried out during the period 1928–1933, and deal with the egg parasite, Trichogramma minutum Riley, with special reference to its field of usefulness in the biological control of the oriental fruit moth (Laspeyresia molesta Busck.) in Ontario. This cosmopolitan parasite is a factor of considerable importance in regulating the abundance of the fruit moth in southern New Jersey, but appears to be of little practical significance in the natural control of the pest in Ontario. Under certain conditions of weather and host abundance, parasitism may be increased materially by the liberation of Trichogramma in the orchards but, in general, the results are not dependable. A large number of experiments were conducted utilizing three biological races of the species. The technique employed in the work and the results obtained are given as well as a number of important observations on the habits and biology of the parasite.


There are great disparities in the spatial structure of Croatia. This work analyses them on the basis of three characteristic indicators: demographic development, economic development and population supply level. The counties have made the observation framework. The analysis results show that there are pronounced relations core-periphery in Croatia.


The central pathways of metabolism are responsible for both the generation and storage of energy as the formation of metabolic precursors. Such precursors act as a starting point for the biosynthesis of the basic elements which form the essential cellular constituents to all living cells, i.e. in all three domains: Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. Several studies concerning the genes associated to carbohydrates metabolism (CM) in Protozoa have been made in the late years. The main objective of this work was to infer the phylogenetic relationships and the molecular diversity of genes related to CM in the Protozoa genomes. For such, it was submitted to OrthoMCL program the genomes of 22 pathogenic protozoan species and, making use of 230 orthologous groups listed by COG/KOG (NCBI) as belonging to the carbohydrate metabolism, it was made a similarity analysis using the BLAST program, intending to find orthologous genes to Protozoa, eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The similarity analysis result presented 10 orthologous groups in common with the 22 Protozoa, 31 orthologous groups among the eukaryotes (KOG) and 46 orthologous groups amidst the procaryotes (COG). From the 10 orthologous groups mentioned above, 4 were selected (enolase, glucose-6-phosphato-isomerase, glycosyl transferase e pyruvate kinase) to evaluate the phylogeny degree of the Core-Protozoa, through a phylogenomic approach using super matrices, and 2 were chosen (enolase e glucose-6-phosphato-isomerase) for amplification by PCR against other Leishmania and Trypanosome species, intending to confirm the phylogeny degree between the Core-Protozoa and COG/KOG. The phylogenetic trees were made with 1000 replicates and a cut-off of 80% for each gene. These trees, individually, support the presence of an ancestor gene which diversified from both speciation and duplication in organisms, because it is possible to observe the existence of a cladistics separation between the Apicomplexa and Kinetoplastida species, besides in some species it is possible to observe paralogy cases. The tree made from de super matrix corroborated with the high conservation degree of the genes among the species, emphasizing that CM genes are, probably, the most preserved among the three domains.


This essay posits a critical approach to the study of contemporary social controversy so as to initiate inquiry into how these extended rhetorical engagements critique, resituate, and develop communication practices bridging the public and personal spheres. Objections to the use of fur are examined as oppositional argument, that is, as rhetoric that veers from the goal of persuasion in order to block conventional associations and refashion communication norms. Pro‐fur responses illustrate strategies available to bolster, alter, or abandon habits of consumer culture. It is concluded that the fur controversy presages the emerging shape of a contemporary public sphere.


The problem of quickly detecting a statistical change and identifying the change source is considered. In the problem studied, there are multiple sensors. A change can first occur at any one of these sensors and propagate to other sensors. One is required to detect the presence of such change with a minimal delay and furthermore identify the sensor that first observes the change. Three performance metrics, namely detection delay, false alarm probability and false identification probability, are of interest. The optimal stopping rule, determining when one should stop sampling and claim a change has occurred, and the optimal terminal decision rule, determining which sensor first observes the change, that minimize a weighted sum of these three performance metrics are characterized. We obtain the optimal solution by first converting the problem at the hand to a Markovian stopping time problem and then solving the problem using tools from the optimal stopping theory.


The study of inductively coupled Ar/CH 4/H 2 plasmas in the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of self-assembled carbon nanostructures (CN) was presented. A spatially averaged (global) discharge model was developed to study the densities and fluxes of the radical neutrals and charged species, the effective electron temperature, and methane conversion factors under various conditions. It was found that the deposited cation fluxes in the PECVD of CNs generally exceed those of the radical neutrals. The agreement with the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) was also derived through numerical results.


E V E R Y O N E who has tried to think seriously knows how difficult this effort of thought can be. The further attempt to communicate one's own thought to others has its own particular difficulties. All kinds of conclusions can be drawn from these facts. The one that interests us at the moment is this: the study of any philosopher's writing should be approached with the sympathy due to one who has made an effort, and with a genuine desire to know what the philosopher is about. Appreciation, esteem of a philosopher, is the result of an understanding approach. To bring about esteem for something of lasting value in Moore's work is the aim of this study. At first sight, it may seem that there is nothing of lasting value in Moore's writings — lasting, I mean, in the sense of their adding to our grasp of fundamental truths. So much of Moore's work has the appearance of being almost infantile repetition of one or two points which interested Mm particularly that it is easy to dismiss the whole of it as unimportant and jejune. Yet, running through it, there is something well worth appreciating, and something that will add to our comprehension of philosophic tradition because it is an intelligent commentary on the basic ideas present in all philosophy. Whether Moore was conscious of picking up the thread of tradition and adding to it seems very doubtful. Yet he did do this, and pointing it out seems the best way of arousing interest and sympathy for Moore in those who are aware that progress in philosophy, just as in any other science, depends ultimately on continual addition to our small stock of recognised truth, not on total destruction of what has gone before.


S evere hypoglycemia (SH) is believed to be responsible for 4% to 10% of deaths in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). 1 Treatment recommendations for people with SH and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) incorporate a tiered, 4-stage algorithm that includes educational, techno-logical, and transplantation interventions. 2 However, appli-cability of islet transplantation is restricted by limited supply of donor organs, need for immunosuppression, and strict eligibility criteria. This is the first report of mortality in people referred to a national islet transplantation program, whether or not they received a transplant. All referrals between 2005 and 2016 to Australian islet transplant centers (St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne; Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide) were retrospectively reviewed. Major inclusion criteria for islet transplantation include: age, 18 to 65 years; T1D, longer than 5 years; recurrent SH; IAH; failed intensive insulin therapy. Exclusion criteria include: creatinine clearance less than 75 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 ; proteinuria greater than 300 mg/d; weight greater than 80 kg; active psychiatric illness; pregnancy. 3


The idea of social defenses against paranoid and depressive anxiety has grown from a working hypothesis put forward by Jaques in 1955 into a theory of social defenses against the distressing and unbearable emotions aroused by organizational tasks and dynamics. Jaques reneged on his early ideas, dismissing psychodynamic causes and embracing structural explanations. But the application of social defense theory beyond micro-systems to broader systems dynamics has meant that psychodynamic and structural ideas of system and role have now become more integrated. Organizations contain many systems: task, political, social, technical. The community system level of organization is explored. When not consciously recognized as a system, people are unable to actively take up roles as citizens of the organization. Lack of recognition or assertion of such roles leaves subjectivity under threat. This is yet another source of social defenses. These ideas are explored through reference to inter-subjective theory. Ltd.


The radio occultation (RO) measurements of the Global Navigation Satellite System's (GNSS's) signals onboard a Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellite enable the computation of the vertical electron density profile from the LEO satellite's orbit height down to the Earth's surface. The ionospheric extension experiment performed by the GNSS Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding (GRAS) receiver on board MetOp-A provides opportunities for ionospheric sounding but with the RO measurements only taken with an impact parameter height below 600 and 300 km within two different experiments, although MetOp-A was flying at an orbit height of about 800 km. Here, we present a model-assisted RO inversion technique for electron density retrieval from such kind of truncated data. The topside ionosphere and plasmasphere above the LEO orbit height are modelled by a Chapman layer function superposed with an exponential decay function representing the plasmasphere. Our investigation shows that the model-assisted technique is stable and robust and can successfully be used to retrieve the electron density values up to the LEO height from the truncated MetOp-A data, in particular when observations are available until 600 km. Moreover, this model-assisted technique is also successful with the availability of a small number of observations of the topside above the peak density height. For observations available only up to 300 km, the accuracy of the retrieved profile is comparable to the one obtained by the data truncated at a 600 km height only when the peak electron density lies below the 250 km altitude level.


The scope and the target of the judicial decision vary in time and in space. As a matter of fact the last three decades witnessed a spectacular increase of the jurisdiction of the courts and of the issues addressed by judicial actions in nascent and consolidated democracies (Russell and O'Brien, 2001; Diamadouros et al., 1995; Ginzburg, 2003). Several reasons may be recalled to make sense of this trend: the widespread introduction of mechanisms of judicial review (Shapiro and Stone Sweet, 2001; Pederzoli, 2008; Bartole, 1998), the legalization of social interactions (Kegan, 2003), the decline of the political instruments as tools of conflict settlement and the consequent need of alternative mechanisms to settle disputes. The spread of legislation protecting a wide range of citizens on matters such as health, social security, education, labor and family relations, has generated many occasions for citizens to resort to judges for the protection of their rights (Di Federico, 2004). In a way, the trend seems to be exhibited by the large majority of the States, so that at a first glance it may even be difficult to assert whether or not the expansion of the scope targeted by judicial decisions is a feature that marks a specific asset of governance or more likely is a feature exhibited by all democratic countries.


Recently, the hybrid radio frequency (RF)/ visible light communication (VLC) network has been widely studied due to the advantages of high data transmission and no interference between the two networks. Taking the physical layer security (PLS) into account, most work on hybrid RF/VLC network focused on single user. However, many practical scenarios require hybrid network to serve multiple users (MU). Thus, in this paper, we make a study on the PLS of MU hybrid RF/VLC network where the messages to each of the users must be kept confidential from the other and also from the external eavesdropper. To enhance the secrecy performance of the hybrid network, we propose a zero forcing (ZF) beamforming strategy to ensure that the information of each legitimate user can not be received by other users and the eavesdropper. A sum secrecy rate (SSR) optimization problem is formulated under the ZF constraint and the constraint of the power transmitted from the VLC and the RF access point. To reduce the complexity of the original problem, we decouple it into two successive sub-problems and solve them via convex optimization theory and matrix theory. Simulation results show that a positive SSR can always be achieved, and the SSR of the MU hybrid RF/VLC network is superior to that of the standalone RF and VLC networks.


Containerless solidification of BiFeO3 oxide has been carried out under microgravity with Electrostatic Levitation Furnace (ELF) aboard on the sounding rocket (TR-IA). It is a first containerless experiment using ELF under microgravity for studying the solidification of oxide insulator material. Spherical BiFeO3 sample with diameter of 5mm was heated by two lasers in oxygen and nitrogen mixing atmosphere, and the sample position by electrostatic force under pinpoint model and free drift model. In order to compare the solidification behavior in microgravity with on ground, solidification experiments of BiFeO3 in crucible and drop tube were carried out. In crucible experiment, it was very difficult to get single BiFeO3 phase, because segregation of Fe2O3 occured very fast and easily. In drop tube experiment, fine homogeneous BiFeO3 microstructure was obtained in a droplet about 300 μm. It implies that containerless processing can promote the phase selection in solidification. In microgravity experiment, because the heating temperature was lower than that of estimated, the sample was heated into Fe2O3+liquid phase region. Fe2O3 single crystal grew on the surface of the spherical sample, whose sample was clearly different from that observed in ground experiments.


This paper deals with the problem of Hopf bifurcation control for a class of nonlinear time-delay systems. A dynamic delayed feedback control method is utilized for stabilizing unstable fixed points near Hopf bifurcation. Using a linear stability analysis, we show that under certain conditions of the control parameters, and without changing the operating point of the system, the onset of Hopf bifurcation is delayed. Meanwhile, by applying the center manifold theorem and the normal form theory, we obtain formulas for determining the direction of the Hopf bifurcation and the stability of bifurcating periodic solutions of the closed loop system. Numerical simulations are given to justify the validity of the analytical results for the system controlled by the proposed method.


Photon counting imaging technology has been widely used in nuclear radiation detection, space environment detection, astronomy observation, nuclear physics and ultra-weak bioluminescence. In this paper, the progress and parameters of NUV (160-320nm) and FUV (102-170nm) photon-counting imaging detectors were described. The NUV detector was developed based on a sealed MCP-image intensifier which comprises input window, photocathode, MCP stack, Ge-layer and its ceramic substrate. To maximize the quantum efficiency, a Cesium Telluride (Cs2Te) photocathode was adopted, which was deposited on input window and mounted close to the MCP. For the FUV detector, because of the lower cut-off wavelength, there are no suitable window materials in this band and the open-faced design should be used to meet the requirements of the detection. Therefore, a Cesium Iodide (CsI) photocathode deposited on the input surface of the MCP was used to optimize detector efficiency. By using an existing wedge and strip anode (WSA), the imaging performance of the NUV and FUV detectors was tested respectively. Experimental results show that the quantum efficiency of Cs2Te is 12.1% (at 230nm), the spatial resolution of NUV and FUV detectors is better than 70μm, the dark count rate of NUV and FUV detectors is about 10.5- and 2.3-counts/s*cm2 respectively.


Strawberry is an out-crossed crop that is relatively sensitive to inbreeding, and as a result, most of breeding programmes in strawberry have been based on selection breeding where elite parents are selected from intercrossing. Also, pedigree breeding has been successfully employed in a number of instances to concentrate genes of interest. Therefore, in order to obtain inbred line having the genotype of excellent combining ability by selfing and incrossing to improve breeding efficiency of strawberry, elite varieties were self-pollinated. From the selfing line of "Benihoppe" cultivar, we selected "Wongyo 3111" having excellent horticultural traits such as plant vigor, sugar content and fruit hardness among these progenies. "Wongyo 3111" shows erect plant type, vigorous growth habit, early flower bud differentiation with 16~17 flowers per cluster. Fruits of "Wongyo 3111" are conical type having a bright red skin color, and 17.2 g in an average weight. Also that have a relatively more high sugar/acid ratio and firmness than check cultivars as sugar content of 11.3oBx, acidity of 0.50% and firmness of 21.7 g/mm^2. But although yield of "Wongyo 3111" is not significantly different from check cultivars, its marketable yield is remarkably lower than that of check cultivars because of poor fruit-setting under low temperature. Disease and pest reactions of "Wongyo 3111" are more sensitive to powery mildew, anthracnose and spotted spider mites than check cultivars. Therefore, "Wongyo 3111" is suitable for intermediate parent line better than as a cultivation cultivar.


Background. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is able to affect the permeability of membranes by increasing the entry of antibiotics into the cell of microorganism; therefore, PEGylation may improve the effectiveness of antibiotics due to chemical modification of their molecules. It is important to assess the safety and toxicity of new compounds for drug development activity. The aim of this research was to study the functional state and structure of the kidneys of laboratory rats after intramuscular administration of PEGylated antibiotic enrofloxacin, as well as commercial antibiotic enrofloxacin and polymer PEG-400, which were used for the synthesis of PEGylated antibiotic enrofloxacin. Materials and Methods. PEGylated antibiotic enrofloxacin was obtained via the reaction between enrofloxacin chloride and PEG-400 polymer (polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 400 Da). The research was conducted on four groups of rats: control and three experimental ones, 12 animals in each group. Physiological saline solution was intramuscularly injected to the control rats; commercial antibiotic enrofloxacin – to rats of the first experimental group; polymer PEG-400 – to rats of the second experimental group; PEGylated antibiotic enrofloxacin – to rats of the third experimental group. Results. The conducted studies did not show a significant difference between the serum creatinine in control rats and experimental ones on the 7th, 14th and 21st days after the last administration of the drugs. Creatinine levels in the blood of all groups of animals were within physiological ranges. Histological studies of the kidney structure in control rats indicated no changes during the experiment. Histological changes in the structure of the kidneys were observed within the first seven days after the end of the intramuscular administration of polymer PEG-400 and PEGylated antibiotic enrofloxacin. Injections of the commercial form of antibiotic enrofloxacin to experimental rats caused histological changes in the kidney structure for 21 days of the experiment. Conclusions. Quadruple intramuscular administration of PEGylated and commercial antibiotics enrofloxacin to rats showed that PEGylation reduces nephrotoxicity and shortens the duration of adverse effects in the kidneys.


In order to investigate the heating-release behaviour of heated tobacco products,powdered Virginia tobaccos were decomposed at the temperature of 150,200,250,300,350 and 400 ℃ by pyrolytic technology respectively.It was shown that total volatiles increased with the increasing heating temperature.Compared with burned tobacco,only 5 percent of nicotine was released at 200 ℃,while 62% and 82% at 200 and250 ℃ respectively.The heating temperature had obvious effects on the release of nicotyrine,myosmine,cotinine and 2,3'-dipyridyl.The content of nicotyrine reached the highest level at 350 ℃,up to 15.68% of the released nicotine content at the same temperature.However,the nicotyrine delivered from burned tobacco was only 35% of released nicotyrine from the heated tobacco at 350 ℃.Cotinine showed the similar changing behavior to nicotyrine.The released myosmine increased quickly with increasing temperature,compared to the burned cigarette,reached 2.57%,18.78%,39.39%,65.62%,85.72% of the content of delivered myosmine respectively.Heated at below 250 ℃,the aromatic substances were vaporized and no harmful or potential harmful substances formed basically.With the elevated temperature,the harmful substances formed and increased with the increasing heated temperature.The main harmful or potential harmful substances included phenol,methyl phenol,ethyl phenol,hydroquinone,1,2-benzenediol,benzofuran derivatives,benzyl nitrile and benzenepropanenitrile.


Hepatic encephalopathy syndrome (HES) is a condition which occurs in patients with severely impaired detoxification function of the damaged hepatocytes of the liver because of various reasons, mostly due to cirrhosis or other liver diseases that can lead to fulminant hepatic failure. It is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by disturbances in consciousness, behavior, personality, fluctuating neurologic signs and distinct EEG changes.


The NASA Stardust spacecraft included a collector array to capture particles entering the solar system from interstellar space. While a handful of likely interstellar dust grains were identified within the aerogel collection media [1], current technology cannot reliably extract them for characterization. However, interstellar dust also impacted Al foils lining the collector, and interstellar impact residues were identified in four μm-scale craters [2]. Identification of these foil craters requires collection and manual examination of tens of thousands of high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, which can lead to mental fatigue and an increase in processing errors. Alternative approaches for identifying craters in these large datasets include automated image cross-correlation using images of known dust impact features [3] and crowd-sourcing [4]. Here, we implement a Python-based algorithm using a circular Hough transform to find circular features in the foil images, followed by simple filters to detect characteristic morphological features of impact craters—a dark center and a bright rim.


To secure smooth traffic flow during winter in the Kinki District, snow is removed by machines or is melted by sprinkling water or chloride. The sprinkling system used to melt snow is manually operated be patrol personnel based on the results of meteorological measurement. Ideally though, to ensure traffic safety and to save valuable resources, real-time operation is desirable. The limited availability of time and labor, however, demands automatic measurement and operation. Therefore, an automatic system to melt snow was developed. To ensure safety, efficient operation and handling, and labor-saving in the automatic sprinkling system, a special sensor having the following function was developed: sensing snowfall and accretion; forecasting road freezing; and measuring atmospheric temperature. The sensor comprises a sensor/meter unit and an arithmetic unit. The sensor/meter unit comprises a photoelectric sensor for snow particles and accretion, a calorie meter to measure snowfall and frost, a freezing temperature sensor, and a thermometer. The results of field tests reveal that the snowfall sensing basically functioned well; however, it produced errors in snow particle count, although partial, depending on the snowfall condition. Second, the snow accretion sensing functioned well, owing to improved software with a new definition of accretion. Finally, freezing forecast was confirmed to be possible by referring to the calorific measurement of frost. Based on the field test results, the sensor can be improved further. The smooth and safe flow of traffic during winter will be addressed through centralized control of the automatic sprinkling system.


The differential diagnostic of prostate cancer is the actual task of modern medicine. The existing methods lack accuracy and specificity. It's the reason of hyper- or hypo-diagnostic of this disease. We developed and tested the new logistic regression model for diagnostic of prostate cancer in men of various age. The model includes age, the volume of prostate, concentration of prostate specific antigen (PCA), 2-pro-PCA in the blood, the presence of the concretion revealed during digital rectal investigation of prostate and hypoechogenic area in transrectal ultrasound investigation. The model was tested in 114 patients. It has shown the higher accuracy and specificity of the new regression model in comparison to other methods of differential diagnostic of prostate cancer.


Branched and linear polyacetals prepared by cationic bulk polymerization were molded under high-injection rate and pressure, and the resultant 1-mm-thick specimens were investigated regarding the crystalline morphology, mechanical properties, and transparency. The branched polyacetal exhibited shear-induced transformation of crystalline morphology, namely, the spherulites, the elongated spherulites, and shish-kebab morphology parallel to the flow direction, with increasing shear viscosity. The degree of orientation of the branched polyacetal, calculated from the intensity distribution on the Debye ring of the (100) diffraction by WAXS, linearly and significantly increased with the increase of the logarithm of the shear viscosity. The difference of the crystalline morphology greatly influenced the mechanical properties and transparency of the branched and linear polyacetals. The branched polyacetal with the shish-kebab morphology had approximately 20% higher tensile strength and modulus as compared with those with the spherulites morphology, and showed translucent with a higher light transmittance over a wide range of wavelength of incident light. The results indicate that a large number of fibrous crystals in the shish-kebab morphology result in the self-reinforcement of specimens parallel to the flow direction and diminishment of the scattering of incident light. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3182–3392, 2006


. I review the recent Chandra results on the sources of the X-ray background and the X-ray properties of the SCUBA sources. We conclude that 10-20% of the IR background is produced by active galaxies and a similar fraction of the SCUBA sources harbor luminous AGN. Many of the Chandra sources are apparently luminous infrared galaxies themselves, but factors of 2-10 below the SCUBA limits. We summa-rize the X-ray evidence for metal production in groups and clusters and point out that these data require considerably more star formation than inferred from optical stellar data. The abundance ratios of Fe and Si indicate that much of the metals in groups and clusters was produced by massive stars, and the lack of evolution in Fe out to z r"V 0.5 argues for quite an early origin for the metals. This same process also seems to have injected considerable energy into the gas in groups and clusters, which may have dominated the mechanism of star formation and produced a metal-enriched intergalactic medium


The federal budget is the primary policy statement of the President's fiscal priorities and proposals for allocating expenditures and taxes. The budget also functions as a framework and reference point for congressional actions. Because of the budget's economic, social, and political importance and its role in providing the information needed to assess program efficiency and effectiveness, an understanding of budget concepts is important to anyone interested in how the United States Government works or does not work. Budgetary terms and definitions must also be understood in order to consider and implement changes in the budgetary or financial management process and to grasp what the government is doing at any given point in time. This book is a basic reference document for the Congress, federal agencies, and others interested in the federal budget-making process. It emphasizes budget terms, but relevant economic and accounting terms are also defined to help the user appreciate the dynamics of the budget process. It distinguishes between any differences in budgetary and non-budgetary meanings of terms.


Background: The number of geriatric patients is increasing in Japan. Catheter Ablation (CA) is considered the useful treatment of choice for patient with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Therefore, it is tend to increase Catheter Ablation (CA) for geriatric patients of SVT. Objective: The aim of this study is to asses the efficacy and safety of CA for SVT except for Atrial Fibrillation (AF) in geriatric patients. Methods and Results: We studied thirty-one consecutive patients aged 75 and older (men 21 cases, median age 78±3, oldest age 88 years old) who underwent CA for SVT between January 2006 and March 2011 in our institution. 31 cases include 15 cases of typical atrial flutter (AFL), 1 case of atypical AFL, 9 cases of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia, 5 cases of atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia, and 1 case of ectopic atrial tachycardia. Initial CA success rate was 100% for all ablation types. And there were no major complications under the operation and after the operation. During observation periods (2.1±1.2 years), there were no recurrence cases except for the atypical AFL (recurrence rate 3.2%). Conclusion: CA of SVT has efficacy and safty and low rates of recurrence. CA is an excellent choice therapy option for geriatric patients with SVT except for atrial fibrillation.


Scholars and practitioners have increasingly come to recognise the centrality of learner agency in generating learning opportunities. Such agency is most clearly observed in the initiatives that learners take in the language classroom. Despite the importance of learner initiatives, however, a precise and comprehensive understanding of what such initiatives entail remains lacking. Based on a conversation analytic treatment of 160 relevant cases culled from 14 hours of ESL (English as a second language) classroom interactions, I propose an empirically based 'typology' of learner initiative. Drawing upon various theoretical assumptions of what promotes learning, I also give preliminary considerations to the kinds of learning opportunities such initiatives generate.


Objective To investigated the effects of comprehensive hierarchical evaluation of the nursing troop in primary hospital.Methods Formulate the assessment criteria of comprehensive hierarchical evaluation in nurses,and every quarter,nursing department,director,head nurse would take multidimensional assessment to nurses,which using qualitative assessment combined with quantitative assessment,the data were statistically analyzed using t tests,after that,chosen the outstanding nurses at all levels,it would affect in1dividual year-end appraisal,hiring and achievement distribution.Results after put comprehensive hierarchical evaluation into practice,the indicators of quality of care and the sense of achievement of nursing increased,also,patient satisfaction improved,these data was statistically significant(P 0.05).Conclusion After we put comprehensive hierarchical evaluation into practice in every care unit of primary hospital,it stimulated the enthusiasm of the nurses in all levels,especially in less experienced nurses,reflected the fairness of the method of the comprehensive hierarchical evaluation,and also improved the quality of care in every care unit,provided a scientific basis in selection of excellent nurses,hiring,and achievement distribution.


Urban culture is a core component of a city's humanistic characteristics and urban charm. An in-depth exploration of it will help deepen the cultural cognition of the city and enhance the joint force of the city's cultural development. Under the background of emphasizing the deep integration of culture and technology, this research proposes a digital visualization system for the laws and connotations of Beijing's urban culture. For this purpose, data on Hutongs, time-honored brands, and literary landmarks were collected from three dimensions of residential areas, commercial areas, and urban landmarks. The concept of urban-culture-value was proposed, and corresponding indicators and an evaluation system were constructed. Besides, a visualization system was provided to show the distribution and relationship of urban culture in geographic space. Lastly, through case analysis, a model of Beijing Urban Cultural Belt was established, and the relationship between urban culture and political center was explored. Furthermore, three types of urban culture distribution models, centralized, conventional, and marginal, were proposed.


Subjects read a scenario regarding a future experiment that required participants to submerge their hand in a bucket filled with cold water and ice cubes for varying amounts of time. They were told that, because they had to undergo a cost experience, they would be shown a movie. Subjects then rated the enjoyment value of the movie based on experiencing different levels of cost. In the 1 sec/minimal cost and 60 sec/above-average cost conditions, subjects rated the movie's perceived value as being higher than in the 30 sec/below-average cost condition. These results can be accounted for by personal equity-comparison theory and by the related schema maintenance through compensation analysis. At the general level, we discuss the implications of these data for an understanding of how cost and other inconsistent events influence expectations, attitudes, hopes, and value.


We report on the first watt-level fluoride glass Raman fiber laser. A maximum output power of 1.22 W at the first Stokes order wavelength of 2231.4 nm was produced out of a nested cavity Raman fiber laser.


Steam turbines are sometimes operated at extreme part-load conditions, specifically if the energy balance in power grids featuring a high share of fluctuating energy sources necessitates such operation. At such extreme operating conditions, the last stages of the low-pressure turbine are subject to highly unsteady flow. As the flow is heavily separated, Rotating Instabilities (RI) may establish, among other turbulent effects. These highly unsteady flow structures result in fluctuations of the flow field over a wide range of low frequencies.
 The simulation of the flow at such extreme operating conditions using CFD is challenging due to its highly turbulent and separated nature. On one hand, the employed flow model must be able to handle turbulent structures with varying size in a computationally efficient manner. On the other hand, the extent of the computational domain must be relevant with respect to the unsteady flow phenomena. The analyzed domain in this study consists of a three-stage low-pressure model steam turbine. To capture the asymmetry, the model spans the full annulus and comprises the non-axisymmetric inlet section, all three stages, the axial-radial diffuser as well as the exhaust hood.
 Based on the findings of a previous study in which the Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (iDDES) has been applied to low-volume flow operating conditions [1], the focus of this paper is drawn towards the turbulent structures that establish at extreme flow conditions, and whether they can also be found at increased volume flows. Time-averaged and FFT results of the unsteady pressure signals at different span heights measured during experimental and numerical radial probe traverses indicate a higher unsteadiness during the lowest volume flow condition when compared to higher volume flows. Various turbulent structures have been identified at the hub region, the midspan section and the tip region of the last stage rotor blade that could be linked to the higher flow unsteadiness.
 Furthermore, the possibility of using URANS simulations for the prediction of such extreme flows has been investigated, leading to the finding that the choice of flow model has an impact on the results. Additionally, it was investigated if the extent of the computational domain could be reduced to save computational costs. It was found that a reduced domain did not yield the low frequencies that are of relevance at such operating conditions.


The use of a wide-area electron beam to aid the deposition of epitaxial silicon films has been studied. The electron beam used in this study is generated using a cold cathode, abnormal-glow discharge which allows a wide variation of electron energy and beam current. Depositions are performed on single crystal silicon substrates which are prepared using standard wet chemical silicon cleaning techniques and an in situ plasma etch using nitrogen tri-fluoride diluted in hydrogen. The beam diameter is approximately 10 cm and can readily be scaled up to accommodate larger diameters, allowing great potential for large area single wafer deposition. Using electron beams generated in this system, we have demonstrated enhanced growth rates and improved crystalline quality for films grown with electron-beam enhancement. 8 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.


Refinements in vibration intervals of the order of 1 per cent are reported for H3 + and D3 +. These improved intervals result from the addition of polarization terms to the electronic wavefunction previously obtained with a complete configuration-interaction treatment of electron correlation using a 21 floating gaussian lobe basis. Twelve additional floating gaussian lobe orbitals were used to construct 78 additional configuration-interaction functions. Positions and exponents of these additional floating gaussian lobe orbitals were carefully chosen to allow for polarization of the correlated wavefunctions. Calculated vibrational state-averaged and observed geometries for H3 + agree to within 0·01 A; refined fundamental frequencies are vA = 3220·48 and vE = 2545·99 cm-1 for H3 +, and vA = 2332·94 and vE = 1848·12 cm-1 for D3 +. Einstein coefficients for spontaneous emission of radiation from infrared active states of H3 + and D3 + are reported, and an alternative to the Carney-Porter method of vibration a...


Diagnosis to Leucocytozoonosis by blood and organs smear examinations is to identify gamet and schizont stages, respectively. However, those diagnostic techniques are mostly late coincided severe infection and death of host. Based on the reason, serological diagnostic is really needed to establish the accurate diagnostic. The aims of the research are to identify immunogenic protein of Leucocytozoon schizont then to be continued to produce specific polyclonal antibody. The specific polyclonal antibody could be used as moleculer diagnostic kitt. Moreover, immunogenic protein of Leucocytozoon schizont could be used as vaccine. Schizont protein of pulmo, liver kidney and spleen were isolated by sonication technique. The protein fraction was identified by SDS-Page with electrophoresis. Then, the proteins were administrated to rabbit to produce polyclonal antibody and to those polyclonal antibody were assigned immunogenic protein by immunoblotting. The result of the research showed that the Leucocytozoon has six protein fractions to molecular weight. They were 155.8, 48.98, 39.81, 37.15, 35.48, 30.20 and 23.99 kDa respectively. Among those protein fractions, 48.9, 39.8, 37.2 and 35.5 kDa were immunogenic protein that could be produced on rabbit.


This is a GroGenix male enhancement product that uses natural ingredients to enhance your libido and sexual power. Essentially, this is an advanced formula for men who want to increase their libido without suffering from dangerous side effects.


In this paper an idiographic system of realizing remote warning and remote control of Smart Home ,making use of DTMF technique in existing network of telephone. The FX602 is adopted in the system, it is suitable for using the telephone number show ( FSK service pattern) in our country. through using the system and the monolithic integrated circuit together ,it will decide the way of automatically picking the telephone by judging whether the number have the control right, it solves the problem of the system automatically picking the telephone when is called. The kind of system can be used in many smart home system and normal home smart update. Practical application indicated this system is stable and doable and it is of important values in generalization and application.


Experimental information concerning the acoustic velocity in steam as a function of pressure and temperature is quite limited. Yet it is of particular interest to steam turbine designers who are now planning units as large as 400 000 kw, operating at 4500 lb/sq in. and 1200°F, so as to increase thermal efficiencies of such units. Apparatus is now in operation for measuring the acoustic velocity up to 2000 lb/sq in. and 750°F using a variable path acoustic interferometer. Measurements are taken at 200‐lb/sq in. intervals along a given isotherm using a sound frequency of 750 kc. A special experimental high‐pressure boiler is used to generate the steam at the desired pressure, and the stem is then increased in temperature by means of a stainless steel superheater before entering the interferometer. The interferometer, also of stainless steel, is enclosed by an insulated steel vessel maintained at a given constant temperature by another separate steam system. Future work is now being considered up to 6000‐lb/...


The invitation to participate in a symposium on Stability and Change Through Law, with stress upon procedure and its capacity to respond to the social and economic needs of the times, is one I have found difficult to decline. The historic and centuries-old lag in procedural advance, the great resurgence of the last quarter century, the extensive present achievements, and the vital needs for the future now apparent make this, in my judgment, the most fascinating and challenging branch of the law. And this is true, whether one looks to the law school curriculum or to the framing of judicial decisions or to the problems of active practice or to the public service which is or should be a professional obligation. Within the limits properly available to me, I cannot do more than suggest the vivid history of the struggle for better law administration and its present trends and problems. In responding to the invitation, I shall speak separately of civil and of criminal procedure. The developments in each field are in part at least in response to similar stimuli; but the differences are suffici-


Coupling between electromagnetic fields and distinct mechanical states of matter (e.g., Brillioun modes or phonon modes) can mediate energy transfer between electromagnetic waves and the material lattice. Ferroelectric crystals typically show intense optical phonon modes, which also contribute substantially to the nonlinear susceptibility. One such ferroelectric crystal is KTiOPO 4 (KTP), with a large damage threshold, nonlinear coefficient, and transparency range. Moreover, KTP and isomorphs have already been shown to produce cascades of Raman [1] . Recent developments have shown that KTP can be used as an off-axis oscillator for THz generation, mediated by picosecond stimulated polariton scattering (SPS) [2] . Here, we show highly efficient Raman comb generation with nanosecond pulses without an external cavity (contrary to ref. [1] ) in KTP.


This project focuses on the Cognitive Radio Technology initially proposed by Joseph Mitola at the end of 90s. The concept of Cognitive Radio introduces the idea that nowadays telecommunications systems must be aware of the environment and the user needs to efficiently use the available resources. Considering this property the efficiency of the wireless frequency spectrum is intended to be optimized, sharing frequencies in an opportunistic manner with licensed (Primary Users) and unlicensed users (Cognitive Radio Users). Nicolas Bolivar from the "Broadband Communications and Distributed Systems" group of the Universitat de Girona proposes a new centralized model with distributed control for a Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) in order to consider different wireless technologies in the same network. Expanding that work, the aim of this project is to study the Cognitive Radio technology to develop a simulator using Matlab to test the behavior and the performances of the admission and control in the proposed Cognitive Radio model. After finishing this project, a global overview of the Cognitive Radio technology will have been presented, as well as a simulation tool to easily analyze and check the behavior of the control system of the centralized CRN with distributed control.


The introduction of the frozen elephant trunk (FET) technique for total arch replacement (TAR) has revolutionized the field of aortovascular surgery. However, although FET yields excellent results, the risk of certain complications requiring secondary intervention remains present, negating its one‐step hybrid advantage over conventional techniques. This systematic review and meta‐analysis sought to evaluate controversies regarding the incidence of FET‐related complications, with a focus on aortic remodeling, distal stent‐graft induced new entry (dSINE) and endoleak, in patients with type A aortic dissection (TAAD) and/or thoracic aortic aneurysm.


Regional cerebral blood flow during seizure activity, measured by transcranial Doppler sonography, and SPECT were studied in three infants with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS), during work-up for possible epilepsy surgery at Great Ormond Street Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, London, UK.


Heifers management supplementation in savannas plains conditions. I. Reproductive behavior to two ages supplemented with multinutritional blocks A group of 42 contemporary zebu crossbred dual-purpose heifers, grazing Trachypogon sp. were randomly assigned to 3 treatments: (T 1 ), group control with commercial minerals (normal farm management); (T 2 ) and (T 3 ) groups that had received supplementation 22 and 30 months of age respectively, with multinutritional blocks (MB) of whole cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum). Age and the live weight to first detected ovarian activity was significantly (P < .05) in T 2 with respect to T 1 (1212.15 ± 38.32 vs 1354.0 ± 40.18 days) ; (309.67 ± 9.45 vs 275.82 ± 9.91 kg ). Greater differences were observed in age at first calving, where the T 2 heifers calved significantly early (P < .01; P < .05) than the T 1 group (1481.55 ± 55.86 vs 1655.31 ± 39.45), and the T 3 heifers (1481.55 ± 55.86 vs 1607.22 ± 34.54), respectively. The results indicate that strategic supplementation with (MB) was beneficial to heifers in savannas, and permitted a reduction in first calving age, a conditions important in defining low productivity in the tropical areas. Palabras claves: Novilla, suplementacion, reproduccion, bloque multinutricional, sabana.


This evaluation pertains to a supply chain intervention using performance-based contracting for contraceptive distribution that was introduced throughout Senegal between 2012 and 2015. Data on stock availability and monthly family planning consultations over a 4-year period were collected from 200 health facilities in five regions to perform time series analyses.


This paper presents a mobile pervasive mixed reality game based on HoloMoL named Pervasive HoloMoL, where HoloMoL is a platform that helps us memorize different types of information by combining the method of loci memorization methodology and mixed reality (MR) contents delivered through Microsoft HoloLens. The HoloMoL is originally developed as an MR platform to develop information memorization enhancing applications, but we found that the platform can be used to develop broader applications beyond simple information memorization enhancements. In particular, multiple memorization methods used by different participants found in the initial experiment of HoloMoL can be useful as an effective game mechanic to increase a game's engagement. This paper reports an overview of HoloMoL. Then, how the multiple memorization methods in HoloMoL can be used in designing a mobile pervasive game as a primary game mechanic is described. Finally, we show some results and insights of the preliminary user study of Pervasive HoloMoL.


We report a Zn-ProPhenol catalyzed reaction between butenolides and imines to obtain tetrasubstituted vinylogous Mannich products in good yield and diastereoselectivity with excellent enantioselectivity (97 to >99.5% ee). Notably, both α,β- and β,γ-butenolides can be utilized as nucleophiles in this transformation. The imine partner bears the synthetically versatile N-Cbz group, avoiding the use of the specialized aryl directing groups previously required in related work. Additionally, the reaction can be performed on gram scale with reduced catalyst loading as low as 2 mol %. The functional group-rich products can be further elaborated using a variety of methods.


2 Abstract: Education is very necessary for a better professional career in field; and awareness about the professional field make the students more determined for the career they have to choose after completing study. Researchers conducted this study to know the level of awareness of educated youth about the professional field. Students of final semester of University of Gujrat was the target population for this study and sample size was selected by using proportionate stratified sampling and 10% sample size was selected among the total population of final semester of the selected social and basic science subjects. Frequency tables, Mann-whitney U, Kruskal-walis and correlation tests were used for data analysis. The findings show that higher level of awareness about the scope of subject impacts positively on the level of awareness about the professional field of the students. Academic performance does not have significant relationship with the level of awareness. On the basis of this study, it is recommended that the teachers at universities should provide assistance to students about professional field so that they can easily decide about their professional career.


Introduction :
Issues of phenotypic heterogeneity of SIB are particularly critical to current efforts at
Mapping neurochemicals involved in causing self-injurious behaviours among children
With atypical development.
Self Injurious Behaviour (SIB), defined as deliberate, non accidental, repetitive infliction
Of injuries resulting in tissue damage without suicidal intent is widely prevalent among
Children with atypical development. It results in significant morbidity resulting
Significantly compromised quality of life and mortality among this population with
Developmental disabilities (Symons et al, 1999). The management is resource intensive and
Therefore is major burden on the families (Silverstein 1987; King et al 1993), care-giving
Teams and countries' resources (National Institutes of Health, 1989; Emerson et al, 2004).
The neurobiology of SIB although is ill understood, and one of the most serious and
Difficult conditions to treat in child psychiatry, several potential treatments have been
Recognized. Among them the bio-psychosocial model of approach is holistic and clinically
Effective in preventing Self injurious behaviour (Mace and Mauk, 1995) and a diagnostic
And management algorithm has been elaborated (Russell, 2006). The current study focuses
On validating algorithm which would serve the purpose.


Gas permeability in poly(vinyl-p-isopropylbenzoate) (PVp-i-PrB) was determined by a timelag method. The transport properties were discussed from comparison with the permeability data of other poly(vinyl esters), which were studied previously. All these polymers are structurally related, and the size of a side group or the position of its substituent was changed systematically. The isopropyl group of PVp-i-PrB is attached at the para position of a phenyl ring and is the largest in size. As a result gas diffusivity and therefore permeability were increased. The effect of the substituent on gas diffusivity was explained as it increases the interchain and intrachain distances. The discussion was supported from the comparison of the density data between PVp-i-PrB and other poly(vinyl esters). The diffusion coefficients of six glassy poly(vinyl esters) were correlated at their Tg and good correlations were shown to the free volume and its fraction. On the other hand, gas solubility was little affected by the change of an alkyl group on a phenyl ring. The solubility data of PVp-i-PrB and poly(vinyl benzoate) were shown to be clearly correlated with the critical properties of the penetrants. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The skin is the largest organ of the human body, and its aging is visible to the naked eye. The aging rate of men and women is slightly different. This study compared the protein expression of skin samples on the curved forearms of 11 healthy women and 9 healthy men. Quantitative proteomics analysis found that the expression of epidermal proteins in men and women of the same age group was different. Compared with female skin, in male skin, 20 proteins were upregulated, and 7 proteins were downregulated. These data suggest that men and women have differences in the speed of skin aging. For the first time in this experiment, a non-invasive mass spectrometer was used to detect 27 different-related epidermal proteins between men and women. Compared with women, among the 20 epidermal proteins upregulated in men, their functions can be classified into antioxidants, epidermal lipid metabolism, signal transduction, membrane transport, and cell biological processes; the 7 downregulated proteins are involved in a variety of biological processes and inflammatory reactions. Our experiments have discovered epidermal proteins related to the differences between men and women, enriching the library of epidermal differential proteins between men and women and enriching the mechanism of skin aging between men and women from the perspective of epidermal differential proteins.


This paper presents a novel algorithm for improving the quality of edges in printed text. The algorithm is designed to add pixels at selected edge locations post halftoning. The extent of the correction is proportional to the "strength" of the edge, as determined by comparing the local differences in a four-pixel neighborhood to a dynamically generated threshold. The process is computationally efficient and requires minimal memory resources. The performance of our proposed algorithm is clearly demonstrated on several characters and lines. While the algorithm aims to improve the quality of printed text (edges), it is possible to extend its application to improvement of any edge identifiable in image documents.


The aim of this paper is to develop indicators for identifying housing demand and to apply ongoing housing development sites. In this analysis, the results implies applicability of housing demand evaluation indicators as policy tool. Twelve housing demand evaluation indicators composed of three aspects with demand triggering factor such as the number of new household, population movement, the ratio of households without homeowner, housing stock conditions factor such as housing supply ratio, unsolded housing units, the number of transaction, affordable housing units, and housing purchasing power factor. The result of empirical analysis on 232 local level administratively showed that 117 local units is not sufficient in housing demand. Specifically, housing demand condition can be divided five grades. First grade is highest housing demand condition, In nationwide, housing demand condition reveals third demand grades among fifth demand grades. For more use as housing policy tool it should be equipped systematical evaluation method, workable operating process, housing statistical data base. Although it is limited in availability, reliability, and accessibility of relevant data, MLTM and KRHIS's biennial Housing Survey can be utilized for building of data.


Government intervention in the electricity business becomes important because it involves economic sovereignty, industrial competitiveness and low purchasing power. Government intervention in the fulfillment of the national electricity supply is generally shaped subsidi.Pemerintah subsidize electricity to the community and industry as consumers of electricity at a price set by the government, or in this case known as the electricity tariff (TDL). Electricity tariff is on average lower than the costs for electricity production The Constitutional Court decided to reject the proposed Judicial Review by SP PLN with consideration of the judges deem that Act No. 30 of 2009 does open the possibility of separation of the business (unbundling) in the unbundling of electricity but is meant to calm the Law 30/2009 referred to in Law 20 / 2002 before the Constitutional Court canceled. origin 3 and Article 4 of the Act has been giving limits. So the existing unbundling provisions in the Act differs from unbundling in Law Number 20 Year 2002 on Electricity that has been canceled by the Constitutional Court. If the laws that has been canceled, the definition of the unbundling is the separation of 3 komponen.yaitu power generation, power transmission and power distribution. While the Act No. 30 of 2009, unbundling does not contain three components separation law diujimaterikan itu.Dalam the electricity tariff is determined by the state. In addition, the Act No. 30 of 2009 that SOEs are also given top priority in dealing with the electricity business. So there is no locally-owned enterprises, private enterprises, or cooperatives that can provide electricity in a region.


Particle size enlargement operations often involve the use of a liquid to improve powder cohesiveness. Capillary suction and surface tension forces acting through liquid menisci between particles are the primary source of the cohesive bonding. The strength of these forces, and consequently the strength of the wet agglomerate, is dependent upon the total liquid content, its distribution within the agglomerate, and the powder wettability (characterized by the liquid surface tension and powder/liquid contact angle).

The tensile strength of powder compacts containing submicron carbon black particles has been measured as a function of saturation level for several liquids. It is found that the compact strength increases with increasing surface tension for liquids that exhibit a zero contact angle. Above the critical surface tension for wetting a more complicated situation exists where both the surface tension and contact angle are important.


Some meteorites are pieces of lava flows. They have the expected minerals present and the crystals are intertwined in a characteristic way indicative of crystallization in a lava flow. This shows that lavas erupted on at least some asteroids. Age dating indicates that the eruptions took place 4.5 billion years ago. Planetary scientists have recognized three main groups of asteroidal lava flows, each distinctive enough to show that they must come from different asteroids. The most abundant are the eucrites, which might actually hail from asteroid 4 Vesta. Mesosiderites are complex mixtures of smashed up volcanic rock and metallic iron. Angrites have a distinctive group of minerals in them, but also clearly formed by volcanism. Recent studies increase the number of groups to five.


This paper describes the application methodology of SFC (Sequential Function Chart) to machines' controls in the tire industry. With the marvelous progress of micro processing and computer technology, PCs (Programmable Controllers) have become popular and indispensable equipment for machines' sequential control in FA (Factory Automation) area. The complexity and flexibility of machine control relies advancements in PC programming technology. But most of their programs are written by old fashioned Ladder Diagram, which was originally developed as an analogy of wiring circuits. The increasing volumes of programming have revealed major inherent deficiencies in Ladder Diagram. These deficiencies are manifested in programs that are so voluminous and complex that they are practically unmanageable. To overcome these problems, the SFC has been applied as a substitute of Ladder Diagram. Originally the SFC itself has several problems in practical applications. One of the most difficulty in SFC is explanation of interlocking conditions for actuators. In this paper, authors propose the application methodology of hybrid control by SFC and Ladder Diagram. After evaluation in more than 100 machines, and over 10 kinds of machine applications, the methodology of this hybrid control is proved to be powerful both in machine control and programming. As a result, SFC has a distinct effect on machine controllability, requires less design and maintenance manpower, reduces program and documentation size, eases checkout and start-up work, and saves training time for new personnel.


In this study, antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts from of Thymus longicaulis subsp. chaubardii (Rchb.f.) Jalas and T. longicaulis subsp. longicaulis C. presl were investigated. Infusion and decoction methods were used to prepare aqueous extracts. 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, β-carotene linoleic acid and CUPRAC methods were used to determined antioxidant activities. Aqueous extracts of species exhibited good antioxidant activity. Especially, higher antioxidant capacity was found in decoction extracts compared to infusion extracts for all methods.


Recent trends and advances of automated guidance and positioning techniques and systems are surveyed, especially good for application to automated factory of many kinds in Japan.


—The intentional targeting of components in a cloud based application, in order to artificially inflate usage bills, is an issue application owners have faced for many years. This has occurred under many guises, such as: Economic Denial of Sustainability (EDoS), Click Fraud and even secondary effects of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. With the advent of commercial offerings of serverless computing circa 2015, a potential attack has emerged, termed, Denial of Wallet (DoW). We describe our ongoing development of a safe means to simulate these attacks as well as an initial investigation into the suitability of the current safeguards offered by one of the largest cloud providers, Amazon Web Services (AWS), to combat DoW. We believe that DoW may become ever prevalent as services become further abstracted. Given the nature of the damage caused, such attacks may not be disclosed should they happen. As such, we believe that the development of an attack simulator and specific testing of security measures against this niche attack will be able to provide previously unavailable data and insights for the research community. We have developed a prototype DoW simulator that can replicate months worth of API calls in a matter of hours for ease of data generation. We have also begun testing deployments of serverless applications on AWS for vulnerabilities that may lead to DoW with a view to further refine our simulator. Our aspiration for the future of this work is to provide a framework and starting point for research on this form of attack.