Epithelial cells form tubular and acinar structures notable for a hollow lumen. In three-dimensional culture utilizing MCF10A mammary epithelial cells, acini form due to integrin-dependent polarization and survival of cells contacting extracellular matrix (ECM), and the apoptosis of inner cells of acini lacking contact with the ECM. In this paper, we report that cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) promotes acinus formation via two mechanisms. First, cAMP accelerates redistribution of α6-integrin to the periphery of the acinus and thus facilitates the polarization of outer acinar cells. Blocking of α6-integrin function by inhibitory antibody prevents cAMP-dependent polarization. Second, cAMP promotes the death of inner cells occupying the lumen. In the absence of cAMP, apoptosis is delayed, resulting in perturbed luminal clearance. cAMP-dependent apoptosis is accompanied by a posttranscriptional PKA-dependent increase in the proapoptotic protein Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death. These data demonstrate that cAMP regulates lumen formation in mammary epithelial cells in vitro, both through acceleration of polarization of outer cells and apoptosis of inner cells of the acinus. INTRODUCTION Epithelial organ morphogenesis requires the formation of tubular or acinar structures composed of a sheet of epithelial cells surrounding a hollow lumen. While these epithelial structures usually have a simple architecture, a single layer of cells enclosing a luminal space, they are formed by a variety of mechanisms in different organs and species (Hogan and Kolodziej, 2002; Lubarsky and Krasnow, 2003). Three-dimensional culture of MCF10A mammary epithelial cells has contributed significantly to our understanding of such architecture (Debnath et al., 2003; Debnath and Brugge, 2005). When cultured on a reconstituted extracellular matrix (ECM), MCF10A cells form acini via a stereotypical sequence of events (Debnath and Brugge, 2005). Initially, a single cell proliferates to form a solid spheroid with an outer layer of polarized cells contacting the ECM, and an inner core of cells lacking ECM contact. The lack of ECM engagement with integrin receptors, and the consequent down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) signaling (Reginato et al., 2003) predispose the cells to detachment-induced apoptosis, commonly termed anoikis (Frisch and Screaton, 2001; Reginato et al., 2003). The resulting imbalance between prosurvival and proapoptotic signals induces proapoptotic BH3-only family proteins Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (BIM) and Bcl-2 modifying factor (Bmf), causing inner cell death and formation of hollow lumen-containing acini (Reginato et al., 2005, 2003; Schmelzle et al., 2007). The MCF10A system has also been particularly important in studies on several aspects of carcinogenesis, such as lumen filling (Muthuswamy et al., 2001; Debnath et al., 2002; Zhan et al., 2008). Remarkably, in this model, cells are routinely cultured in the presence of cholera toxin, which raises intracellular cyclical AMP (cAMP) concentrations; however, the role of cAMP during acinar morphogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we examined the role of cAMP in MCF10A acini formation. Initially, cAMP accelerated polarization of outer cells in developing acini and Monitoring Editor Alpha Yap University of Queensland Received: Feb 1, 2012 Revised: May 30, 2012 Accepted: May 30, 2012 This article was published online ahead of print in MBoC in Press (http://www .molbiolcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1091/mbc.E12-02-0078) on June 6, 2012. Address correspondence to: Keith E. Mostov (email@example.com). © 2012 Nedvetsky et al. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). Two months after publication it is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0). "ASCB®," "The American Society for Cell Biology®," and "Molecular Biology of the Cell®" are registered trademarks of The American Society of Cell Biology. Abbreviations used: ANOVA, analysis of variance; BIM, Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death; Bmf, Bcl-2 modifying factor; Bnz-cAMP, N6-benzoyl-cAMP; cAMP, cyclic AMP; CPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP, 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2′-O-methyl-cAMP; CPTcAMP, 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; ECM, extracellular matrix; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ERK, extracellular signal–regulated kinase; EtBr, ethidium bromide; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HMEC, human mammary epithelial cells; HPV, human papilloma virus; NMuMG, normal murine mammary gland; pERK, phosphorylated ERK; PKA, protein kinase; qPCR, quantitative PCR; RNAi, RNA interference; ROI, region of interest; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling.


Objective: To discuss how to improve the nursing quality of patients with cervical in order to reduce complications.Methods: A total of 566 patients that scheduled for cervical pedicle screw fixation during October 1999 and January 2009 were randomly divided into observation group and the control group with 283 cases in each.The observation group was treated with individualized treatment,while the control group was given conventional treatment and nursing.The nursing quality was compared between the two groups.Results: The observation group showed better outcomes regarding to postoperative complications and prognosis(P0.05).The individualized pedicle screw-plate fixation reduced difficulties in nursing,prevented complications and improved the nursing quality.Conclusion: The individualized pedicle screw-plate fixation can improve success rate of the surgery and reduce bed-bound period of the patient,thus it can improve the nursing quality.


From time to time the Modern Language Association undertakes to define the breadth and continuity of language and literature studies in the United States. Breadth and continuity in this context, however, have in recent years come to be understood as opposites, allegorized in the culture wars as Diversity against Tradition. Those wishing to ground their interpretations in "hard facts" may take note of the following numbers, covering the years 1981-1992: What was "in" in 1981 and still on the hit parade published in 1992 by the MLA, constitutes only three percent of the new total: forty-three books out of 1,428. We will return to these numbers further on. Reasons for this massive revision of what's in and what's out are easy enough to identify; more complex is their interaction. The shadow of obsolescence hovers over the name of the field itself, "language and literature studies," prompting speculation as to whether the emergent field of cultural studies, as it cuts more deeply into the market share of literary theory, will revitalize, transform, or evince language and litera ture studies, the languishing enterprise from which it is emerging. Postmodern hip's makeover of Mr. Chips is thus one of the options the MLA is covering as it works to revise the purview of its cultural action in an attempt to keep an umbrella over what it likes to call "the profession." The profession? What does that definite article claim to define, or seek to claim? On five occasions since 1938 the MLA has redrawn the map of academic language and literature study. The latest map, the Introduction to Scholarship in Modem Languages and Literatures, Second Edition,1 registers intrepid and exuberant expansions into new areas, and charts with more diverse tones and colors the new borders of excolonial cultural spaces, while fixing the tentative boundaries of recendy colonized intellectual ones. Among many implications of that expansion, the most arresting derives from a simple bibliographic statistic: seven times more works are cited (1,428 in all) in the new Introduction to Scholarship than in the previous edition published in 1981. This is not a minor matter of


The kinetics on chlorinating the rare earth of Baotou rare earth mixed concentrate after fixed fluorine treatment was determined. The results indicate that the chlorination of rare earth for fixed fluorine calcine accords with the regional reaction rate model which was raised by Bagdasarym and it has experienced two steps in series, furthermore the nuclear of the resultant is growing in one direction. The equation of reaction rate obeys Erofeev Equation, apparent activation energy(E_a) is 36.831 kJ·mol~(-1), the steps of process control is internal diffusion control.


Abstract. Prosomes (Proteasomes/Multicatalytic proteinase (MCP)‐complexes) are protein particles built of 28 subunits in variable composition, having proteinase activity. We have studied the changes in prosomal subunits p29K, p31K and the highly expressed p23K during the differentiation of U937 cells. Control cells had little prosomal subunit p31K in the cytoplasm, while p29K antigen was detected in both the nucleus and cytoplasm; more p23K antigen was found in the cytoplasm than in the nucleus. Flow cytometry demonstrated a biphasic intracellular decrease in prosomes during differentiation induced by phorbol‐myristic‐acetate (PMA) and retinoic acid plus 1,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol (RA + VD). p23K and p29K decreased both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of differentiated cells, though the p23K antigen was concentrated near vesicles and the plasma membrane in PMA‐induced cells. The p31K antigens disappeared from RA + VD‐induced cells, while in PMA‐induced cells, cytoplasmic labelling was unchanged and nuclear labelling was increased. Small amounts of prosomal proteins p23K and p29K were found on the outer membrane of un‐induced cells. While there was no labelling on the outer membrane of RA + VD‐induced cells, p23K protein increased on the plasma membrane of PMA‐induced cells. The prosome‐like particle protein p21K was not present to any significant extent in the intracellular compartment of control or induced cells; however, p21K was detected on the outer surface of control cells and was increased only in PMA‐induced cells. The culture medium of control and induced cells contained no p21K, p23K, p29K or p31K. RA + VD seemed to induce a general decrease of prosomal subunits within the cells and at the outer surface, whereas PMA caused a migration toward the plasma membrane and an increase at the outer surface. These changes in the distribution and type of prosomes in RA + VD‐ and PMA‐induced cells indicate that prosomes may play a part in differentiation, especially p23K which is the most highly expressed protein among those studied and presents the more important changes.


In this paper we analyse an ongoing teaching experiment with students of secondary school, working within the new technological environment provided by the TI-Navigator. Our purpose is to investigate students' processes from a semiotic point of view, particularly referred to signs and meanings supported by this environment. Here we present examples of some activities with excerpts of video-taped discussions. Our results suggest that this new technology offers to didactical practice something more than an usual environment.


Historically, batch scheduling has dominated in managing HPC workloads despite its unpredictability regarding job's wait time. Although existing researches such as reservation partially solved the problem, fully predictable HPC system still remains elusive goal while emerging adaptive applications urge its realization. Our earlier study presented a control-theoretic, VM-based approach that achieves good predictability. However, it was a part of complete solution as it does not scale to systems with high workloads. This paper presents a design and implementation of fully predictable HPC system using admission control (AC) as predictability semantic. The system makes concrete admission decision regarding a job's deadline, even when the system is overloaded by unpredictable workloads. Our approach is based on utilization test and adaptive control as theoretical underpinnings of predictability, and use VM's checkpointing and online CPU reconfiguration. Our experimental results using 5 widely used applications show the AC-enabled HPC system achieves high predictability with no significant overhead.


In the last decade, several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between particulate air pollution and health outcomes (Lipfert & Wyzga, 1993; Dockery et al., 1993; Li & Roth, 1995; Schwartz, 1995; American Thoracic Society & Bascom, 1996). Recently, multisite time-series studies (Samet et al., 1999; Samet, Zeger et al., 2000; Katsouyanni et al., 1997) have become increasingly more popular than single-site studies. In multisite time-series studies, site-specific time-series data are assembled under a common framework; these large databases provide a powerful source of information to estimate risk models for air pollution. In this article we discuss sources of evidence and methodological advancements for a selected sample of topics inherent to the estimation of the association between air pollution and health. The topics presented in this article were identified by an interdisciplinary group of statisticians, epidemiologists, and policymakers. Although we focused mainly on singleand multisite time-series studies, most of our considerations apply to other study designs as well. Methodological advancement in risk estimation is very important for policy. This is because stateof-the art statistical methods are better in accounting for the sources of uncertainties in the association between air pollution and health, thereby facilitating the communication of statistical findings to policymakers. Within each of the selected topics, we pinpoint research opportunities and identify current data limitations.


Antimonide-based heterostructural p-channel HFET epitaxies consisting of an In0.44Ga0.56Sb quantum well located between AlSb barriers were developed by molecular beam epitaxy. The In0.44Ga0.56Sb channel layer was compressively strained to enhance hole mobility. Room-temperature Hall measurements to the as-grown materials exhibited a hole mobility as high as 895 cm2/V s. Ti/Pt/Au and Pt/Ti/Pt/Au metals were utilized in Schottky gate metallization processes for evaluating their effects on the device performance. Considering the diffusivity of Pt metals, the devices with as-deposited and annealed Pt-based gates were characterized simultaneously and compared with the ones with Ti-based gates. The devices with Ti-based gates yielded superior dc and rf performances to those with Pt-based gates.


Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) requires a pulsating power-profile input from the grid. In a typical Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) infrastructure, this inherently transient loads on the grid side are usually in the range of tens to hundreds of kilowatts, which could impose significant stress or even cause instability at the grid on a large scale. Similarly, in a Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) scenario, the vehicle would charge the grid, and the grid would become exposed to a similar profile of charging power. In this paper, a bidirectional converter topology and its control strategy are presented for grid-power management for bidirectional DWPT applications. A Supercapacitor (SC) based buffering unit is presented, capable of managing the grid-side power transients in a bidirectional DWPT environment. Compared to other existing methods, this topology does not require additional converter hardware. Moreover, grid-side electronics and cable ratings could be downscaled as the resulted peak current at the DWPT transmitter unit reduces significantly.


The 3DTV codec technology and an optimized method of stereo video stream transmission are the key points to build a real-time stereo multi visual angle 3DTV system.Through the analysis of some techniques including stereo video compress coding and optimization,stereo video decoding,the motion and disparity compensation prediction,the paper realized an AVS standard definition stereo video stream transmission method combined a complementary content delivery technology of streaming media based on DSP platform named TMS320DM642.


Ant colony algorithm(ACA) is a novel simulated evolutionary algorithm,which shows so many promising characters.But it has some shortcomings such as needing long computing time and it is easy to bring immature convergence.Partheno-genetic algorithm(PGA) does not use crossover operator of simple genetic algorithm.In PGA the genetic operator is simple and initial populations need not be varied.PGA makes the speed of convergence faster than ACA and there is not immature convergence.A new ant colony algorithm with partheno-genetic features is proposed based on the combination of ACA and PGA.It improves the search result of ACA as primal group of PGA to come at the best solution each time.The optimization computing of some examples on traveling salesman problem is made to show that it is useful and simple.


Initial experience of using Question Mark Perception for Web-based assessment was presented at the 2 Annual CAA Conference (McCabe, 1998). At that time Perception had been released as a commercial product for barely a month and had been used for formative assessment only. Confidence gained during the 1997/8 academic year has led to the extension of its use for summative assessment during 1998/9. Formal exams within the Faculty of Technology have been successfully conducted in mathematics, astronomy and computer science using Perception, in addition to the routine use of Question Mark Designer. Besides the obvious benefits of greater accessibility to Perception tests, it has been possible to develop variants of existing question types, e.g. multi-numeric, and to exploit the more open system with custom questions. Perception Version 2, scheduled for release in July 1999, includes many new features and improvements. Introduction Both Question Mark Designer and Question Mark Perception tests are used routinely in the School of Computer Science and Mathematics. QM Designer has been used increasingly for both formative and summative assessment over the past five years. A typical first year unit now requires a student to take five computer marked tests at regular intervals during a semester. Although Designer allows tests to be developed rapidly with a variety of standard question types, it is relatively inflexible in this respect Perception (McCabe, 1998) may be regarded as the on-line equivalent of QM Designer and QM Guardian, incorporating facilities for administration, security and scheduling as well as authoring, delivery and reporting. It was initially used for formative assessment and has been used for summative assessment during the past 1998/9 academic year. The obvious benefit of using Perception is its greater accessibility, with straightforward access to tests via a Web browser. Less obvious is its greater flexibility. Perception allows variants of existing question types to be authored relatively easily and enables scores for partially correct answers (Beevers,1999) to be awarded more reliably. Furthermore it has become possible to incorporate new customised question types within tests. Since many subject areas have specialist requirements, the ability to add to standard question types is of great benefit. Culwin (1998) and Whittingham (1998) both provide good examples of new question types. Conversion from Designer to Perception The ability to import tests into Perception either from plain text files or existing Designer (QDL) libraries has enabled tests to be set up quickly. Figure 1 shows an assessment Web page, which accesses a large databank of 3000 multiple choice questions converted from text files. Both open self-assessment tests and secure coursework tests are delivered from the same page. The storage of questions within hierarchical topics, cf. Windows folders, allows different sets of questions to be selected from the same databank easily. Test reporting is also linked directly to the page, allowing rapid checking of results by both staff and students (Figure 2) Figure 1 Large-Scale Question Bank Conversion and Delivery Figure 2 On-line Test Results Figure 3 Conversion of Designer Tests (left) to Perception (right) In the PPARC Astrowise Project for the public understanding of science, a bank of 200 questions on astronomical topics, including the 1999 total solar eclipse, was developed using QM Designer. Conversion of the question bank using Perception enabled the same tests to be delivered both locally and on-line (Figure 3). Other tests have been submitted electronically in plain text, QML text or Designer library format, converted and made available for on-line delivery. Hence lecturers without access to Perception Question Manager can still develop their own tests, even though the use of the QM wizards and dialogues is probably the quickest route for authoring new questions. Once published to the server, completed tests can be embedded seamlessly within other on-line courseware material. Numerical Questions Two commonly cited limitations of Designer numeric questions (e.g. Lawson, 1998) are its inabilities a.) to handle more than one numeric answer in a single question and b.) to use randomly generated numeric parameters in questions and answers (e.g. Thelwell 1998, 1999). Figure 4 shows how questions with more than one numerical answer can be developed. By using question outcomes, each answer can be scored independently or specific answer combinations can be scored separately. By including superscripts, the mantissa and exponent in scientific notation, e.g. 3.3 x 10 , can be entered and marked independently. Subscripts can be used for chemical formulae (cf. Whittingham 1998). Figure 4 Multiple Numeric Answers A calculator, spreadsheet or more sophisticated software application may also be used to support the answering of numeric questions. In Figure 5 the Maple computer algebra system is being used to plot a graph in order to find the correct answer. Figure 5 Numeric Question with Software Support Perception wizards and component dialogue boxes provide a user-friendly means of authoring rigidly defined questions. It is harder to include the automatic generation of random numerical parameters, where the values need to be generated differently each time the test is run. Several different approaches have been tried using Javascript and Java within standard Perception questions. Javascript Randomised MCQ The original approach was to insert Javascript into the Question Mark-up Language (QML) used by Perception. The only question types, which are readily randomised in this way, are the multiple-choice and multiple-response type questions. The radio button (or check boxes) associated with the correct answer(s) are fixed, but they can be shuffled when presented on screen. By using Javascript within Perception, random numbers are generated for the question stem, the correct answer(s) is calculated and suitable random distracters generated. A similar approach could be used within Perception to select a sample from many different text distracters. Unfortunately, it was found that test feedback did not function exactly as desired, since randomisation caused a question to be displayed with different numerical parameters from the one answered. The awarding of marks is nevertheless consistent with the original question, so a fixed feedback message has to be used instead. Furthermore, there is a potential security problem, because an intelligent student could ascertain the correct answer purely by viewing the source code! It was impossible use Javascript to generate a random number and get Perception to accept it as the answer to a standard numeric question, since the numeric answer has to be specified as a constant beforehand. Javascript Randomised Numeric Question A work-around for implementing a numeric question in Perception using Javascript is to display it within a multiple-choice question. Depending on the numeric answer entered, the user is asked to select one of several radio buttons, so that Perception can process the multiple-choice question in the normal way. The method works, but is clearly unsatisfactory. Figure 6 A Randomised Numeric Question using Javascript Javascript Randomised and Staged Questions Perception allows the passage through questions to be modified depending on the responses to previous questions. A question may require two or more staged answers. Correct answers allow a student to proceed rapidly to later stages of the question, whereas an incorrect answer results in the display of intermediate stages and hints needed to derive the correct answer, with lower marks then awarded for the correct answer. An immediate problem in trying to achieve staged questions is that each time a jump is made to a different stage in the question, the original randomised variables are lost. The only way found to get around this problem was to place Perception inside a frameset and keep all the variables in a separate window from Perception. Although somewhat inelegant, it works! It was also found that when more than one numerictype question was displayed, the Javascript variables interfered with each other, so it was again necessary to use the frameset procedure to get round the problem. Overall the question-setting procedure using Javascript can only be regarded as moderately user-friendly. Java Randomised Numeric Question A more satisfactory way of extending Perception, and randomised questions in particular, is to incorporate custom Java applets. Question Mark Computing supply a basic template for the Java applet, but the programming has to be done by the question developer. A trial method developed at Portsmouth allows user-friendly setting-up of random numeric questions. Questions all use the same Java code or class, and need three (or four) data items to be inserted by the user, which are then sent into the Java applet as parameters. These four items are: 1. The random numerical parameters to be included in the question 2. A formula for the correct numeric answer 3. The error permitted in the answer 4. The optional width of the text box for the answer, with a default size in the applet if this item is not entered Random numbers in the question are entered in a standard format, e.g. $p$2.0$6.5$ creates a variable p and assigns it a random value between 2.0 and 6.5 inclusive. The answer is displayed using postfix notation, e.g. qba-/d+ specifies an answer of the form d + [ ( a b ) / q ] . The notation has been modified to include standard unary operators, e.g. cos (x) is entered as x$cos$ . The resulting numeric parameters may then be embedded within the text of the question. The authoring and display of a simple question is shown in Figure 7. Since Perception does not handle it automatically, the applet code ensures that, when required, the correct feedback is given, including the correc


A review on grain evolution during hot forging is presented in this paper. The discussion focus is on the experimental law, the microscopic mechanism, the physical model and the evolution equations of grain refinement and growth. This is because the grain evolution is the most important microstructure evolution effecting on the part mechanical behaviors, and to establish reasonable grain evolution is a very important and difficult work for macro microscopic coupling constitutive equation. The following contents about constitutive equation and grain evolution are discussed. 1) The experimental phenomena and evolution laws of grain growth and grain refinement under differential working conditions (deformation, heating, cooling) in order to adapt to the needs of numerical simulation of whole forging process. 2) The advantages and disadvantages of the traditional empirical equations on grain growth, grain refinement and recrystallization process are analyzed. 3) The recent advances in physic models for dynami...


To overcome the deficiency of Laplacian score algorithm which makes feature selection mostly depending on the local geometrical structure of samples,an improved semi-supervised feature selection algorithm was proposed,based on the constraint Laplacian score.It utilized the cannot-link pairwise constraints among samples as the global structure.Then the selected features were those can preserve the local structure from the nearest neighbor graph,and preserve the global structure from the cannot-link constraints.Experiments on Yale and PIE(Fave pose,Illamination,Expression dadbase)datasets show that the performance of proposed algorithm outperformed Laplacian score algorithm significantly,and was equivalent to the supervised Fisher score algorithm and the latest semi-supervised constraint score algorithms.And it is even better than constraint score algorithm in terms of stability.


As the extra large-sized bridge project on Tongzhou river for example,this paper introduced the construction technology of soft rock layer bored pile.It has a special exposition on the construction process and the operational points of drilling of abrasion drill.For the possible appeared pouring accident,it has an analysis and proposal the counter measures to guide the similar project construction.


In this paper, we obtain a series of reÞned Carleman's Inequalies with Arithmetic-Geometric mean inequality by decreasing their weight coe�- cient. P+1 n=1 an < +1,then, we have +1 X n=1 (a1a2 AAAan) 1=n i e +1 X n=1 an (1.1)


near its array of features, programmability, and sound quality. More than a year ago I decided that I would not purchase a new synthesizer until I found one that offered a variety of synthesis techniques, open architecture, adequate expansion capabilities, a wide range of third-party support, and the option of downloading the sounds of my choice. With the K2000, my self-imposed moratorium on buying new synthesizers has come to an end. The K2000 does all that I


A 66 years old female presented with complaint of pain in right knee for 2 months. The laboratory findings were unremarkable. Plain radiograph of right knee showed normal bone density with reduction in joint space at femorotibial joint especially in medial compartment and patellofemoral compartment with slight varus angulation. There was marginal sclerosis and moderate degree of osteophyte formation at articular margins. A few rounded calcified loose bodies were also seen in the joint anteriorly as well as posteriorly with small amount of joint effusion (Figures 1 and 2).


In March 1973 the Minister for Education appointed, under section 17 of the Australian Universites Commission Act 1959-1971, a Committee to advise the Commission on open university type education. The Committee issued a draft report in April 1974 and invited public comment. It received 100 comments and its draft report was re-considered in the light of these comments. This is the Committee's final report, extensive recommendations are made.


In this paper, we present the role of shape descriptors in the off-line recognition process of handwritten isolated Arabic and Latin characters. We will give some statistical and structural shape descriptors and mention their performance. Then we will present an hybrid approach that uses structural shapes' descriptors from a different angle in order to improve the recognition's results from a statistical descriptor. We will therefore introduce the concept of doping aiming to raise the recognition rate.


Reconstructive surgery aims to restore tissue defects by replacing them with similar autologous tissue to achieve good clinical outcomes. However, often the defect is too large or the tissue available is limited requiring synthetic materials to restore the anatomical shape and partial function. The utllisation of three-dimensional (3D) printing allows for the manufacture of implants with complex geometries and internal architectures that more closely match the clinical requirements needed. Synthetic polymers offer certain advantages over natural polymers as biomedical materials due to their ability to more closely mimic the mechanical and chemical properties of the native tissue. Synthetic polymer materials such as Poly(lactic Acid) (PLA), Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) are easily 3D printed to generate 3D objects due to their flexibility in their chemical and mechanical properties and physical form. Polyurethanes are widely used as short- and long-term implantable medical devices due to their good mechanical properties, biocompatibility and haemocompatibility. This article provides an overview on the advancement 3D printable polyurethane-based materials for biomedical applications. A summary of the chemical structure and synthesis of polyurethanes is provided to explain how polyurethanes may be processed into medical devices using additive manufacturing techniques. Currently polyurethanes are being explored by several 3D printing approaches including fused filament fabrication (FFF), bioplotting and sterolithography (SL) to fabricate complex implants with precise patterns and shape with fine resolution. Scaffolds using 3D printing polyurethanes have shown good cell viability and tissue integration in vivo. The important limitations of polyurethane printing are identified to stimulate future research. Polyurethanes offer a biocompatible synthetic polymeric material that can be 3D printed to manufacture implants, which are tailored to meet specific anatomical, mechanical and biological requirements for biomedical applications.


The 4-electron oxidoreductase L-histidinol dehydro- genase (HDH, EC 18.104.22.168) oxidizes the amino alcohol histidinol to histidine via an aldehyde-level interme- diate at a single active site. The enzyme contains two Zn2+ per dimer, and treatment with metal chelators causes a metal-reversible inactivation. NAD-linked aldehyde oxidations, for which glyceraldehyde-3-phos- phate dehydrogenase has served as the major para- digm, are thought to proceed via cysteine-based thio-hemiacetals. Sequenced forms of HDH contain two conserved cysteine residues, Cys-116 and Cys-153 in the Salmonella typhimurium enzyme, and in previous work we have shown that HDH is inactivated by active site modification of Cys-116 by the reagent 4-nitro-7- chlorobenzadioxazole. Thus, Cys-116 is an excellent candidate for the active site nucleophile in HDH. In the current studies we show that treatment of HDH with the Zn2+ chelator 1,lO-phenanthroline exposes Cys-116 to specific modification by iodoacetate, re- sulting in irreversible loss of activity. Site-specific mutagenesis was used to explore the roles of the conserved cysteine residues.


The paper briefly analyzes the common problems and their causes about the drainage,focuses on expounding the necessity of standardization of designing urban road drainage from the viewpoint of the negative influence on urban traffic.It has a certain practical significance.


6573 Background: The goal of the POWER study is to improve health and reduce inequities among women of Ontario using population-based performance measurement. All selected indicators are stratified by sex, age, income and place of residence to determine whether there are disparities in performance associated with these factors. Results pertaining to cancer (CA) indicators are presented.

METHODS
A modified Delphi approach was used to identify performance measures spanning the disease spectrum from screening through follow-up care and feasible to be evaluated from administrative data. Most recently available data (2003-2005) from the Ontario Cancer Registry, Registered Persons, billing and hospital databases were then used to evaluate the selected measures stratified by above four factors.

RESULTS
Twenty-nine cancer-specific indicators were selected by the panel, majority of which related to processes of care: general indicators relevant to multiple cancers (3), screening (5), breast CA (5), lung CA (3), colorectal CA (4), gynecologic CA (4), and end-of-life care (5). Among measures relating to non-sex specific cancers, few sex-related differences in care were identified. Income-based differences in care were most pronounced among the screening indicators with individuals from low-income neighborhoods less likely to receive appropriate screening or follow-up after an abnormal screening test. Among measures relating to treatment, age was the factor most frequently associated with differences in care especially in regards to radiation- or chemotherapy-related processes of care. There were geographic differences in quality of care within the province along the entire trajectory of cancer care from screening through end-of-life care.

CONCLUSIONS
Among the cancer quality indicators considered, few sex-based differences exist. However, factors such as age, income and where one lives are important predictors of care underscoring the importance of stratification by such factors when evaluating quality of care. Further work is necessary to determine whether these differences in processes of care affect outcomes and how to facilitate access to care by disadvantaged groups. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


The demand for the instrumental OS is becoming more and more urgent because of instrumental development.The paper analyzes Linux's characteristics and shortages if it acts as an instrumental OS.In order to design this kind of OS that satisfies instrumental requirement,Linux's kernel is modified in timer resolution,kernel preemption and priority reversion and so on.Improving the timer is realized by the analysis of the CPU structure;and a new preemptive kernel is realized by the integration of the dual-kernel with inserting preemptive points,and priority reversion is avoided by the realization of PIP.Finally,the test is done.The result shows that real-time performance is efficiently improved and the scope of use is extended,and thus it is effective for instrumental requirement.


This thesis analyzes the market risk measurement at Bank XYZ for Government
Securities portfolio. The method used is the Standardized Model and Internal
Models, Value at Risk (VaR). The use of such models as the consideration for the
banking industry in particular provision of capital charges set-off between
income and the provision of risk when a bank hold Government securities
Portfolio Trading. The purpose of this study compared the provision of risk both
models of Capital Charges. The results concluded that the Internal Model
approach (VaR) is more accurate and provide better levels of effectiveness of
capital allocation than the Standardized Model approach.Using Internal Model
will reduce capital charges.


The hydrogen sorption behaviour of amorphous Cu50Zr50, Ni50 Ti50, Ni61Ti39, Ni62Ti29Zr9, Ni64Zr36, Ni60Nb40 and Ni50Nb50 obtained by melt spinning is described. The first three alloys have a relatively low crystallization temperature and these alloys either could not be made completely amorphous or crystallized during hydrogen sorption. The highest absorption occurs in Ni64Zr36 : about 0.6 hydrogen atom per metal atom at a temperature of 333 K and a hydrogen pressure of 30 bar. Pressure-composition isotherms of Ni64Zr36 show no pressure plateau in the range of temperatures and pressures investigated. The isotherms of crystalline Ni64Zr36 and the intermetallic compound Ni10Zr7 do show such a plateau. During 100 cycles of hydration and dehydration of amorphous Ni64Zr36 splinters, of 0.1 mm spalled off from the pieces of ribbon, but disintegration into still smaller particles was not observed. The X-ray diffraction and DSC-scan after 100 cycles are similar to those of as-quenched material. Magnetization and Rutherford-back-scattering results indicate surface segregation of Ni in a 100 times cycled sample.


Spain has eased the irruption of migrant organizations in a remarkable short period of time. Migrant associations have had, and still have, a distinguished position vis-a-vis public authorities in designing and influencing the definition of integration policies. Integration plans in Spain have so far given priority to both associations as representatives of stakeholders and to co-development as a key element for the incorporation of immigrants in Spain. As a result, associations have developed intense ties with the public administrations at all levels. We define this whole approach as top-down model stimulating the establishment of transnational ties among migrant organizations. The paper analyses the organizational features that give priority access to public resources to some organizations and how this, at its time, eases the implementation of transnational strategies including co-development and contact with officials at the highest level in countries of origin.


It is important to understand dysphagia in patients with dementia, as it is associated with malnutrition and aspiration pneumonia. Particularly in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), mortality from pneumonia is high and accounts for 70% of the causes of death. However, the standard swallowing tests are often difficult to use for patients with dementia, and methods to assess daily swallowing function are required. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to identify signs of dysphagia in AD patients in daily life.


Two main approaches have been used to derive mathematical models for the drying process: The first approach considers the partially saturated porous medium as a continuum and partial differential equations are used to describe the mass, momentum and energy balances of the fluid phases. The continuum-scale models obtained by this approach involve constitutive laws which require effective material properties, such as the diffusivity, permeability, and thermal conductivity which are often determined by experiments [1]. The second approach considers the material at the pore scale, where the void space is represented by a network of pores. Micro- or nanofluidics models used in each pore give rise to a large system of ordinary differential equations with degrees of freedom at each node of the pore network [2]. The characteristic length scale of the pore network models is several orders of magnitude smaller than the practically relevant length scale. A straightforward upscaling of the micro-scale models by using large pore networks is computationally costly, but it can be used to assess the quality of any chosen continuum-scale model as well as to estimate the effective parameters. When reliable estimates for these parameters have been obtained as functions of the pore size distribution and other material properties, the computationally much cheaper continuum-scale model may be used in future simulations without the need for further micro-scale simulations or experimental measurements. In this work, the moisture transport coefficient (D), the capillary pressure (pc), the effective liquid permeability (keff,l) and the effective vapor diffusivity (Deff,v) are estimated from the post-processing of the three-dimensional pore network simulations for multiple realizations of the pore space geometry from a given probability distribution. These effective parameters are then applied to the moisture diffusion model at the continuum scale.


EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION HAS PROVED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SIZE AND SHAPE OF TEST SPECIMENS - CYLINDERS AND PRISMS - AND THE DIRECT TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE. ALTHOUGH TWO DIFFERENT GRADES OF CONCRETE WERE TESTED WITH RIVER PEBBLES AND WITH GRANULATED AGGREGATES, NO ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCE WAS FOUND IN THE CURVE OF THE PERCENTUAL INCREASE OF THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF THE CONCRETE IN DEPENDENCE ON THE SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE TEST SPECIMENS. FROM THE GENERALLY ESTABLISHED CURVE OF THE PERCENTUAL INCREASE OF THE DIRECT TENSILE STRENGTH OF THE CONCRETE IN DEPENDENCE ON THE DECREASING VOLUME OF THE TEST SPECIMENS IT IS POSSIBLE TO ASCERTAIN THE STRENGTH OF SPECIMENS OF BASIC DIMENSIONS IF THE MAXIMUM GRAIN SIZE OF THE AGGREGATES DOES NOT EXCEED 1/3 OF THE SMALLEST DIMENSION OF THE TEST SPECIMEN, AND IF ITS SLENDERNESS CORRESPONDS TO THE RATIO H/D = 2 FOR CYLINDERS AND H/A = 3 FOR PRISMS. IN PRACTICE IT IS POSSIBLE, HOWEVER, TO NEGELECT THE INFLUENCE OF SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE TEST SPECIMENS (EXPRESSED BY THEIR VOLUME) ON THE DIRECT TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE IN THE RANGE OF USUALLY EMPLOYED DIMENSIONS OF THESE SPECIMENS PROVIDED THAT THIS STRENGTH IS NOT INFLUENCED BY THEIR SLENDERNESS. /AUTHOR/


The experimental and theoretical activities of our FY01 NLUF work have been largely successful, and we are on track for completing our proposed two year investigation of the atomic physics of hot, ultra-dense plasmas by the end of FY02. The experimental activities were two half days of shots (2/21/01, and 8/2/01). All of the time-resolved x-ray spectroscopic data from the February shots have been reduced and analyzed. Four shots using the 1ns square pulse shape SG1014 were complete successes, reproducibly achieving peak electron densities at or above 2x10{sup 24}/cc. The results from the February experiments clearly demonstrate large plasma-induced line shifts. To achieve higher densities, the August shots concentrated on the use of the shaped pulse, RM1107, and reduced fill pressures. In order to probe the ultra high densities that occur near stagnation, , clear spectroscopic signals of the Ar K-shell lines must be observed. In the February shots, Ar lines were not observed through stagnation due to the low core electron temperatures caused by the enhanced radiative cooling of the Ar. Higher densities were most likely achieved in these shots; however the diagnostic lines were not present. With the lower Ar dopant level in the August shots, the Armore » lines were observed throughout the implosion. We believe the ultra-high density portions of these shots were observed. Though the August spectral data are still being digitized, the raw data appear promising. The theoretical activities include the development of a fully non-linear semi-classical electron broadening theory for the Ar Ly-b through -d lines, and the automation of the data fitting procedure using a highly optimized least-squares minimization.« less


Renewable energy source is the energy obtained from natural and persistent flow of energy occurring in the immediate environment. Renewable energy systems are becoming widespread due to adverse environmental impacts and escalation in energy costs linked with the exercise of established energy sources. Solar and biogas are recognized as having the highest social, economic and environmental benefits of the renewable energy sources existing and also are the most feasible to use in a renewable hybrid energy system for electricity generation. This paper  compares biogas and solar energy for "Ajaba" near Ila-Orangun in Osun State to know the best renewable energy source for the area. The study considers photovoltaic cells as the device for trapping and converting solar energy to electrical energy while pig dung was used to prepare the digester materials for biogas energy and bio-digesters were used to convert the digester to electrical energy through dual ac generator. The simulation was carried out using MATLAB software to calculate the output energy. The result reveals that biogas energy generated more energy and performs better as compared to the solar energy for the area. This paper forms a basic for evaluation and performance of biogas energy for rural communities. Keywords: Renewable Energy, Biogas Energy, Solar Energy, MATLAB, Power, Photovoltaic, Bio-digester.


1. A method of producing cereal bread and confectionery products, comprising the use of raw materials the following ingredients: Product grinding cereal grains, table salt, fat, baking powder, food acid, and additives, the preparation and purification of raw materials, including cereal grains washing, soaking them in purified drinking water, germination in containers, milling, kneading, molding and baking products, which is characterized in that in the raw material composition further comprises fructose and flavor composition, grain is steeped for 22-24 hours at a temperature of 10-14 ° C, were grown for 22-24 hours at 8-9 ° C until a sprout length of 1,6-1,0 mm swelling coefficient 1,7-1,75 then sprouted grain-Chiyah ground and combined with water at a ratio of 5: 1, kneading the amount of additives is not more than 1/3 of the amount of all ingredients, the leavening agent is used as the ammonium and acid used as a food citrus peel, kneading is performed on during 40-45 minutes until a thick homogenized loosened mass, then the product was subjected to the dough pieces and baked. 2. A method according to Claim. 1, which is characterized in that for soaking the grain is used for swelling broth berries. 3. The method of claim. 1, which is characterized in that for soaking the grain is used for swelling broth meadow grass. 4. A method according to Claim. 1, which is characterized in that margarine is used as a fat with a low percentage of fat. 5. The method of claim. 1, which is characterized in that the fat used olive oil. 6. The method of claim. 1, which is characterized in that the fat used nut oil. 7. The method of claim. 1, which is characterized in that the fat used sesame oil. 8. The method of claim. 1, which is characterized in that the food acid used as a lemon peel. 9. A method according to Claim. 1, which is characterized in that the food acid used as the orange peel. 10. The method of claim. 1, which is characterized in that the food acid used as the peel of tangerine. 11. The method of claim. 1, which is characterized in that the additive is used as a cheese. 12. The method of claim. 1, which is characterized in that as an additive use flakes cereal grains. 13. The method of claim. 1, which is characterized in that as the cereal grain flakes used oat flakes. 14. The method of claim. 1, which is characterized in that as the cereal grain cereal flakes used buckwheat. 15. The method of claim. 1, which is characterized in that as the cereal grain barley flakes are used flakes. 16. The method of claim. 1, which is characterized in that as the cereal grain cereal use Peeled barley flakes, 17. The method of claim. 1, which is characterized in that as the cereal grain cereals rice flakes are used. 18. The method of claim. 1, which is characterized in that as an additive use cornflakes. 19. The method of claim. 1, which is characterized in that as an additive use bean flakes. 20. The method of claim. 1, which is characterized in that the additive is used as a dried fruit. 21. The method of claim. 20, characterized in that the dried chopped used to fraction 6.0-7.0 mm. 22. The method of claim. 20, characterized in that, as dried apples are used. 23. The method of claim. 20, characterized in that the dried fruit is used as the pear. 24. The method of claim. 20, characterized in that both the mixture was dried using exotic fruits.


This case was an asymptomatic abdominal cyst detected 3.5cm diameter in 38 gesta - tion week fetus on antenatal ultrasonography. She was delivered by vaginal birth at 40 th week. Post - natal USG revealed a cystic mass measuring 4x2,5 cm in the right pelvis containing an intracystic hypoechoic lesion with round calcification of the cyst wall. MRI image showed 4x5 cm diameter a hyperintense area, indicating hemorrhagic content. Autoamputated right ovarian cyst was found and removed from the abdomen. The cyst was surgically removed to confirm the diagnosis and treatment. In this article it was presented with diagnosis of necrosis due to auto-amputation in fetal ovarian cyst and it was surgically treated in neonatal period. c


Accordion is an important course for music specialty in high normal schools.To solve its existing problems,improve its quality and educate students to meet social requirements,we should make reforms of great importance on teaching methods.Learning from the advanced methods and beneficial experience both at home and abroad,the author probes into the reform in many aspects.


A problem addressed infrequently in beginning physics courses is that of a moving body with changing mass. Elementary texts often have footnotes referring to jet planes and rockets but rarely do they go further. This omission is understandable because calculations with variable mass generally require the tools of calculus. This paper presents a changing mass problem that can be treated on an elementary level, thereby leading to an understanding of the role of changing mass on Newton's second law. It also illustrates Mazur's technique of Peer Instruction, a technique that demands active student participation.


A 27 year old pregnant woman was prescribed conventional oral iron tablets from second trimester of pregnancy. She developed gastrointestinal symptoms within 1-2 days. Following these symptoms, Iron tablets were stopped and the patient was started with iron capsule. The patient tolerated this preparation well and after 6 months she developed yellowish discoloration of the teeth and nails. Iron treatment was suspected for the discolorations and the drug was stopped. Upon stopping the therapy the discoloration vanished and teeth and nails returned to the pre treatment condition. The causality assessment and the severity assessments were carried out as per the Naranjo and Hartwig scales respectively. Since Iron treatment during pregnancy is common, this adverse drug reaction warrants monitoring.


In [3] the concept of down-link from a (Kv, )-design B to a (Kn, œ )-design B œ has been introduced. In the present paper the spectrum problems for œ = P4 are studied. General results on the existence of path-decompositions and embeddings between pathdecompositions playing a fundamental role for the construction of down-links are also presented.


The objective of this paper is to describe a simulationoriented computer environment designed to introduce probability and a teaching experiment that evaluates its effectiveness. This learning environment is a mathematical microworld named Chance. It is a consensual opinion that an understanding of probability and the related area of statistics is essential to being an informed citizen (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics [NCTM], 1989; Shaughnessy, 1992). Some researchers even indicate that perhaps no other branch of the mathematical sciences is as important for all students, college-bound or not, as probability and statistics (Schultz, 1989; Shaughnessy, 1992). Among many attempts to encourage an increased emphasis on probability, the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (NCTM, 1989) recommends including probability in the core curriculum at all levels. There is a wide gap between these ideals and reality, however, because probability is still a weak spot in school mathematics curriculum and instruction. Many researchers (e.g. Kaput, 1990; Konold, 1991) believe that computer technology is well suited to bridge this gap. We agree with them. According to the Standards , "the study of probability in grades 5-8 should not focus on developing formulas or computing the likelihood of events pictured in texts. Students should actively explore situations by experimenting and simulating probability models" (p. 109). "In grades 912, students should extend their K-8 experiences with simulations and experimental probability to continue to improve their intuition" (p.171). Therefore, devising and carrying out experiments or simulations to determine probabilities is important for all students. Some basic random devices such as coins, dice, and spinners are indispensable for students to perform experiments while they learn introductory probability concepts. Using physical manipulatives to do probability experiments, however, has its limitations. The limitations of physical manipulatives


Essential granulomatous cheilitis or cheilitis granulomatosa. as described by Miescher in 1945, is a condition in which the buccal sin-faces of the lips enlarge and are infiltrated typically with "' sareoid " tissue. The tongue and cheeks may be similarly involved (Schuermann, 1952). Some twenty years before Miescher's account appeared, Melkersson had described a recurrent facial palsy, sometimes bilateral, associated with chronic hp enlargements. Rosenthai had also discovered a lingua pUcata in these casea (Jordan and Reichel, HtaO). Then, in 1950, the Melkersson-Rosenthal triad of relapsing facial palsy, thick lips and lingua plicata was found by Richter and Johne to show the same " sareoid " histological structure in the affected lips as Miescher's cases of clieilitis granulomatosa. Since then, many have agreed that the same condition had been independently described. The disease often starts with an abrupt oedematous swelling of the lips, often of the lower lip alone. It persists for several weeks with periods thereafter of incomplete regression and relapse. The histological picture suggests Boeck's sareoid, but sarcoidosis and other known causes of chronic granulomata of tuberculoid structiu-e are evidently not responsible for the changes. Further information and reflection on these topics may be found hi articles by Miescher and Storck (1951), Gahlen and Bruckner (1951) and Tappeiner (1953).


Introduction: Medical profession has been associated with high level of burnout leading to severe psychological problems among the medical students. With the emerging demand of health care facilities during a pandemic, medical students do face high exhaustion which may result in dissatisfaction in life. Aims and Objectives: To assess the level of burnout, the level of satisfaction and the level of distress in post graduate medical students in relation to covid 19 work load. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in s tertiary health care centre. A total of 100 post graduate medical students who actively participated in covid 19 duty were recruited for the study. A standardized and structured questionnaire for Oldenburg Inventory scale (OLBI-S), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) were used to briefly assess the burnout level, life satisfaction and psychological distress respectively among the participants. A Self semi-structured proforma for socio-demographic details was given to study subjects to fill up. Statistical Analysis: Both qualitative and quantitative measures of data were calculated. Statistical significance was kept at p-value of <0.05 using Fisher's t-test and Chi-square test wherever applicable. Analysis of data was done by using SPSS version 21. Results: Majority (85%) of the participants reported low burnout of which 62.3% (n=53) were male and 37.6% (n=32) were female. The level of exhaustion when compared with gender was found to be statistically significant (p-value=0.037). Most of the participants (n=55) reported to be slightly satisfied with their life of which 67% (n=37) were male and 32.7% (n=18) were female. Most of the participants(n=63) reported to be psychologically well while 34 of them reported mild distress of which 29 were male and 5 of them were female. The level of psychological distress when compared with gender was found to be statistically significant (p-value=0.002). No positive correlation was found between burnout level and level of satisfaction, neither between burnout level and level of psychological distress. Conclusion: Our study found an overall low burnout, low psychological distress and low level of dissatisfaction with life in the postgraduate medical students working in covid 19 pandemic.


This article combines genetic criticism with a post-Cartesian approach to cognitive narratology, notably to the examination of literary evocations of the fictional mind. The case study is the genesis of Hugo Claus' novel Het verdriet van Belgie. The exogenetic analysis of two extant notebooks shows how the author's reading notes contribute not just to the fictional cosmology of the novel, but also to the cognitive cosmology of the characters' 'extended' minds. The article argues that for Claus, as for many twentieth-century authors, the materiality of the avant-texte served as a cognitive model for the evocation of the workings of the fictional mind.


The capillaries of the cochlear lateral wall are part of the blood‐labyrinth‐barrier (BLB) that separates the inner ear fluid from systemic circulation. The BLB controls the exchange of solutes, protein, and water, and plays an essential role in maintaining inner ear homeostasis and the endocochlear potential. Compromise of the BLB's integrity is a contributing factor in various hearing disorders including presbycusis, noise‐induced hearing loss, and autoimmune inner ear disease. This crucial barrier's function relies on endothelial cell‐cell junctions including those formed by the adherens junction (AJ) proteins. However, the mechanisms which regulate the function of AJs in the cochlear lateral wall capillaries remain largely unknown.


In this paper, using three‐dimensional laser‐doppler velocimeter (LDV) system, the turbulent flows in a rectangular channel with smooth and artificial rough surfaces are investigated experimentally over a wide Reynolds number range. The rough surfaces are composed of different amount roughness elements of transverse V‐shaped grooves with 120° vertex angle and 0.5 mm deep. Distributions of the mean velocity, turbulence intensities, and high‐order moments including the skewness and flatness factors in streamwise and wall‐normal directions on smooth and rough surfaces are all presented. The normalized statistical quantities on different surfaces exhibit significant differences in both the inner and outer region, which suggests that the roughness element has an important role on turbulent flow structure extending into the whole layer, and query the classical wall similarity hypothesis.


At sanitation of buildings increase of their energy efficiency by warming of external walb is produced and replacement of window blocks is made. The standard parameter of day lighting exposure of rooms coefficient of day light exposure (COLE) is considered. Calculations of coefficients of light transmission by the window blocks in a building before sanitation and by the window blocks installed after it are carried out. The result is that the coefficient light transmission of the installed window blocks is 17% lower; than that of the window blocks before sanitation. Calculations of CDLE are carried out at a various thickness of the wall which is made at warming, and at various distances to the opposing building. The results of calculations are approximated by empirical equation. The minimum distance to the opposing building is defined at which standard requirements to the day light exposure of moms of buildings are provided. The result is that after sanitation this distance has decreased


There is a big need for environmental or sustainable management tools which support the sustainable or environmental management staff in doing their work. The concept, onesus, is a tool platform embedded in the project Ecoradar.com. EPE (management of environmental indicators and benchmarking) and the gp-Finder (finding Good-Practice-Examples) are prototypes of tools which will be integrated in this tool platform. 1. gp_Finder: A new Tool for Ecoradar The internet portal for sustainable management, "Ecoradar" (http://www.oekoradar.de), established in the context of a project promoted by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research of Germany, has the objective of sensitizing decision makers in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME's) for the topic of sustainable management (W. F. Schulz, et al. 2002). After three years of technology (Braun et al. 2004) and content development, the project has now reached a mature level. Beside the ergonomic adjustment of the portal's user interface and a further extension of contents, the number of portal-tools will be extended. 1 Research assistant at the Chair of Environmental Management, Hohenheim University, Stuttgart 2 Research assistant at the Chair of Environmental Management, Hohenheim University, Stuttgart 3 Chair of Environmental Management, Hohenheim University, Stuttgart 4 Chair of Information Systems, Technical University, Munich 5 Research assistant at the Chair of Environmental Management, Hohenheim University, Stuttgart EnviroInfo 2004 (Geneva) Sh@ring – EnviroInfo 2004 Copyright © Editions du Tricorne 2004. ISBN: 28 29 30 275-3


Plasma heating at the lower hybrid resonance was studied experimentally in a canted magnetic mirror in order to determine the effects of magnetic field curvature on heating efficiency. Heating occurred mainly on what would be the "outside" of an equivalent torus, peaking near the hybrid resonant layer. The best conditions for heating were seen to be a relatively flat density profile of magnitude slightly below that where hybrid resonance would be expected. The density profile was seen to move "outward" as cant angle was increased, while the hybrid layers were seen to move oppositely, toward what would be the inside of the torus. No significant deleterious effects on the efficiency of the lower hybrid resonant heating (LHRH) were observed as the canting was changed.


Aim: To determine the incidence amongst infants born at term or near‐term of extreme hyperbilirubinaemia, i.e., with a serum concentration of unconjugated bilirubin exceeding the limit above which an exchange transfusion was indicated according to the authorized guidelines. Method: The investigation period covered 2 y, 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2001, and included all infants born alive at term or near‐term in Denmark. All infants with extreme hyperbilirubinaemia admitted to paediatric departments were recorded. Results: Thirty‐two infants developed extreme hyperbilirubinaemia, i.e., an incidence of 25 per 100 000. The maximum total serum bilirubin concentration (TSB) was 492 (385–689) μmol/l (median (range)). The median value of the exchange transfusion limits was 450 μmol/l. Twelve infants had signs and symptoms of central nervous system involvement; 11 had acute bilirubin encephalopathy phase‐1 symptoms; and one had phase‐2 symptoms. Nineteen infants developed extreme hyperbilirubinaemia during primary admission to the maternity ward or neonatal department; the others after having been discharged. There was no difference in maximum TSB between those infants not discharged from hospital and those infants admitted to hospital from home. Maximum TSB appeared latest amongst those infants admitted from home (p<0.01), and these more often had signs and symptoms of central nervous system involvement (p<0.05). Ten infants were of non‐Caucasian extraction. Less than half of all Danish mothers receive both verbal and written information after birth on jaundice in the infant.


A novel natural polymer blend membrane, namely chitosan/silk fibroin blend membrane, was prepared. The selective solubility and the pervaporation prop- erties of alcohol-water mixture were studied. The results showed that the membrane was water selective and the separation factor of ethanol-water mixture could be improved compared to pure chitosan membrane, when silk fibroin content in blend membrane was no more than 40 wt %. The blend membrane exhibited a best perfor- mance, (i.e., the water in permeate was large than 99 wt % when silk content was 20 wt % and the crosslinking agent- glutaraldehyde content was 0.5 mol %). The mechanism of improvement on pervaporation properties was explained by reducing the free volume and freeing hydrophilic groups of chitosan because of the strong intermolecular hydro- gen bond forming between chitosan and silk fibroin in blend membrane. In addition, the influence of operation temperature and feed concentration as well as the pervaporation properties of isopropanol-water mixture were also studied. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 975-980, 1999


This paper discusses Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in China, focusing on advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) and a national ITS architecture.


The paper is concerned with new winding configurations for 6-phase permanent magnet (PM) machines with 18-slot, 8-pole, that eliminates and/or reduces undesirable space harmonics in the stator mmf. The proposed configuration improves power/torque density and efficiency with a reduction in eddy current losses in the rotor permanent magnets and copper losses in end windings. To improve drive train availability for applications in electric vehicles, the paper proposes the design of 6-phase permanent magnet machine as two independent 3-phase windings. A number of possible phase shifts between two sets of 3-phase windings due to their slot-pole combination and winding configuration is investigated and the optimum phase shift is selected by analyzing the harmonic distributions and their effect on machine performance including the rotor eddy current losses. The machine design is optimized for a given set of specifications for electric vehicle (EV), under electrical, thermal and volumetric constraints.


Carbon nanotube (CNT) based nanocarbon foams (NFs) and the hybrid nanocarbon foams (HNFs) are fabricated in this work. The NFs are formed by using poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres as a template to create micro-scaled pores. The cell walls are made of CNT networks with nano-scaled pores. The interconnections among CNTs are secured using graphene and nanographite generated via carbonization of polyacrylonitrile. The resulting NFs are ultra-lightweight, highly elastic, electrically and thermally conductive, and robust in structure. The HNFs are made by infiltrating thermoplastic polymer into the NFs in a controllable procedure. Compared to NFs, the HNFs have much higher strength, same electrical conductivity, and limited increase in density. The compressive strength of the HNF increased more than 50 times while the density was changed less than 10 times due to the polymer infiltration. It is found that the deformed HNFs can recover in both structure and property when they are heated over the glass transition temperature of the infiltrated polymer. Such remarkable healing capability could broaden the applications of the HNFs.


This study investigates the effect of CoO and Fe2O3 dopant on phase, microstructure and ferroelectric properties of BCZT ceramics with the formula of Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1(Ti1‐xCox)0.9O3 and Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1(Ti1‐xFex)0.9O3 where x = 0, 0.01, and 0.03. The XRD patterns presented that the pure perovskite phases are observed regardless of the amount of CoO and Fe2O3 added. Rietveld analysis shows that the tetragonal phase is observed in all patterns and the unit cell volume slightly expanded by the CoO addition while it is distorted with increasing Fe2O3 addition. The average grain sizes decreased upon CoO and Fe2O3 addition. It is found that the doping of CoO and Fe2O3 caused the transition temperature to shift to lower temperature. The optimum ferroelectric and dielectric properties can be achieved for the BCZT‐0.01Co ceramics. This study shows that while small doping with Co and Fe can enhance different properties of BCZT with lower processing temperature, the properties should be further optimized by chemical modification.


This study assessed adherence to prolonged‐release tacrolimus (PR‐T)‐based immunosuppression during routine maintenance of renal transplant recipients in Germany. Patients had received PR‐T for ≥1 month at inclusion. Data were collected during four visits (V): baseline (V1), 6 (V2), 12 (V3), and 18 (V4) months. Composite primary endpoint: nonadherence at V4, defined as self‐reported nonadherence on the Basel Assessment of Adherence with Immunosuppressive Medication Scale (BAASIS©), investigator‐rated nonadherence, and/or V4 tacrolimus trough level outside a predefined range. Secondary endpoints: individual BAASIS items, incidence of rejection, kidney function, and safety. Overall, 153 adult kidney recipients (mean [standard deviation] time post‐transplant 5.8 [4.6] years) were included. Nonadherence was high at V4 (67.7% [95% confidence interval 58.9%, 75.6%]). Medication‐taking adherence was 86.9% and 91.3% at V1 and V4, respectively; adherence to timing of medication intake was 58.2% and 58.3%, with little evidence of missed doses/drug holidays. Investigators rated adherence "good" in 85.6% of patients (V4). Two (1.3%) patients had acute rejection episodes. Kidney function remained stable (mean creatinine clearance, V1: 62.1 mL/min; V4: 65.3 mL/min). Investigators rated effectiveness of PR‐T as "very good"/"good" in 91.5% of patients. Most patients (94.7%) found PR‐T dosing more convenient than immediate‐release tacrolimus. PR‐T was well tolerated with high medication persistence.


This research article presents the application of the Q-learning algorithm in the operational duty cycle control of solar-powered environmental wireless sensor network (EWSN) nodes. Those nodes are commonly implemented as embedded devices using low-power and low-cost microcontrollers. Therefore, there is a significant need for an effective and easy way to implement a machine learning (ML) algorithm in terms of computer performance. This approach uses a Q-learning-based policy implementing a sleep/run switching algorithm driven by the state of charge. The presented algorithm is based on two modes: daylight and nighttime, which is a suitable solution for solar-powered systems. The study includes the complete process of design EWSN node strategy with an optimal reward policy. The presented algorithm was tested and verified on an EWSN node model and a 5-year data set of solar irradiance values was used for the learning process and its validation. As part of the study, we are also presenting the validation in terms of Q-learning parameters, which include the learning rate and discount factor. The result section shows that the overall performance of the presented solution is more suitable for solar-powered EWSN then state-of-the-art studies. Both day/night experiments reached 828 203 measurement/transmission cycles, which is 12.7 % more than in the previous studies using the strategy defined by the state of energy storage.


How do you make the most impact in a single medical mission? by focusing on education and capacity building. International Medical Corps (IMC) deployed an emergency response team to Libya on February 24, 2011 and was one of the first international NGOs to arrive in Benghazi on February 27. Over the next year as the eight month war waged on, efforts expanded to support hospitals throughout the country. What follows is an internist's account of a volunteer mission in Sabha, Libya in January 2012. The mission included delivering systems based practice lectures to senior attendings and the development of a short physical diagnosis course for medical students. The work provides insights about the medical education needs of the Libyan medical community. Approaching medical mission work from an educational capacity building perspective can have long term rewards both for the recipient health system and for the missioner.


Objective: Previous studies have used varied inclusion criteria when referring patients for a pharmacist medication assessment. The objective of this study was to compare 2 patient referral strategies — physician self-initiated (SR) versus prompted case-finding (CF) — on the types of patients referred to pharmacists in primary care. Methods: This was a randomized, blinded, crossover trial comparing 2 parallel arms of physicians who were randomly assigned to use each of the referral strategies. This study was part of a larger project aiming to improve patient outcomes by optimizing drug therapy through a practice model integrating pharmacists into family practices (the IMPACT project). Patients from 7 family practice sites were referred for a pharmacist assessment by the practice site physicians without restrictions (SR) or were identified by the research team and then referred by their physician (CF). Patients completed the SF-12 questionnaire and a scale measuring patient self-reported medication risk (MRQ). Complexity of the patient cases was rated by project pharmacists using a predefined, 3-level coding system. Mean differences were calculated using paired t-tests with 95% confidence intervals. Initial unadjusted results are provided. Results: At baseline, SR patients had more medical conditions (5.2 [SD 2.6] versus 4.6 [SD 2.1]; p < 0.0001) and were also taking more prescription medications (8.1 [SD 4.1] versus 6.1 [SD 3.4]; p < 0.0001) than CF patients. A higher proportion of patient cases in the SR group were rated at higher levels of complexity than were patient cases in the CF group (p < 0.0001). Patients in the CF group had higher MCS and PCS scores than did the patients in the SR group (51.40 versus 47.45, p < 0.0001; and 42.70 versus 37.38, p < 0.0001, respectively). SR patients had higher self-reported risk for medication problems than did CF patients (3.8 versus 2.8, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Patients referred using the SR strategy were more complex, had lower quality-of-life scores and were at higher risk for medicationrelated problems than patients who were referred using the CF strategy. Further analysis relating patient characteristics to pharmacist activities and health outcomes will elucidate which referral strategy is most beneficial for patients. I was interested in doing this research to help understand what kinds


The development of eggs and larvae,and minute tubercles on the skin surface of larvae of Rhodeus uyekii were observed.The egg and larval development,and minute tubercles on the skin surface of larvae of this species were relatively similar to those of two subspecies,R.atremius atremius and R.atremius suigensis.This species in larval development is characterized by having a yolk sac,which is laterally slender and convex downward at the posteriormost portion,and numerous vestigial minute tubercles on the skin surface except for the wing-like yolk projection. Rhodeus uyekii(Mori)is a common freshwater bitterling in Korea.Though Uchida(1939) described the larvae and juveniles of this species based on field specimens,the details on its embryonic and larval stages are poorly known. On the other hand,it is known that bitterling larvae of Acheilognathus and Pseudoperilampus have minute scale-like tubercles on the skin surface(Uchida,1937;Nakamura,1969). Fukuhara et al.(1982)reported the morphology of minute scaly tubercles on the surface of the yolk sac in the larvae of Acheilognathus. Recently,Suzuki and Hibiya(1984a)described the morphology and distribution of minute tubercles on the skin surface of larvae in all species of Rhodeus from Japan.However,those of larvae in R.uyekii are still unknown. The present paper deals with the development of eggs and larvae,and minute tubercles on the skin surface of the larvae in R.uyekii. Materials and methods Parental fish of R.uyekii were collected from the Naktong River,Korea.Artificial insemination was carried out 5 times during May to June using the same pair(a femal,42.4mm TL and a male,54.3mm TL).During the period,the ovipositior of female shows cyclic changes and develops to its maximal length(ca.29.5mm) at intervals of 4 to 9 days.The number of ripe eggs obtained ranges from 16 to 21(mean,18 eggs).Methods of artificial insemination and rearing of eggs and larvae are the same as those of Suzuki and Hibiya(1984b).The development of eggs and larvae were examined under a dissecting microscope.Total length of live larvae was measured with an ocular micrometer. Specimens used for morphological observations of minute tubercles on the skin surface of larvae are identical to those of larval development in the present study.Five specimens were fixed for 24 hours in cacodylate-buffered 2.5 glutaraldehyde at each stage of larval development and were dehydrated by a graded series of ethanol,and then dried at a critical point with liquid CO2.The dried specimens were coated with platinum by ion sputtering and examined with a Hitachi S-450 scanning electron microscope. Egg and larval development of Rhodeus uyekii Embryonic stages.The sequence of embryonic development is illustrated in Fig.1 as depicted by sixteen stages(A-P)of development.Unfertilized eggs are nearly spindly,opaque yellow in colour,measuring about 3.2mm in length, about 1.7mm in breadth(Fig.1A).The time required for each embryonic stage under controlled water temperature at 22+1•Žis shown in Table 1.About 33 hours after insemination, a pair of small yolk projections can be seen just posterior to the head region(Fig.1M).About 46 hours after insemination,embryos begin to hatch continuing for about 10 consecutive hours.All embryos hatch from the vegetal pole side(Fig.1P). Larval development.1)Immediately after hatching,4.3-4.5mm in total length(Fig.2A). Nineteen to twenty-seven myotomes may be


In this article we recast the problem of throughput optimization in cross-layer architecture for delay sensitive applications. Unified mathematical framework was developed for maximizing user throughput in generalised wireless environment. The optimization variables adapted include symbol rate (at the application layer), packet length (at the MAC layer), constellation size (at the physical layer) and number of retransmissions of M-PSK digital modulation schemes. We derive optimization equations for each of the above degrees of freedom in closed-form which maximizes the throughput subject to a prescribed packet loss probability constraint. Interior-point optimization algorithm was used to solve the resultant constrained non-linear optimization problem. Numerical results reveal that no successful packet decoding is possible at very low average signal-to-noise (SNR) regime as the packet loss constraint is not met when channel condition is very bad irrespective of adaption. At moderately low SNR, it is sufficient to adapt packet length while keeping symbol rate fixed at the maximum value while joint optimization of both the number of retransmissions and the constellation size parameters while keeping the packet length at an appropriate value is required in the high average SNR regime, to achieve maximum throughput over a myriad of wireless fading environments. Results also showed that the tighter the packet loss constraint, the lower the throughput becomes.


Summary Jensen cells grown in a continuous perfusion system produce extracellular material of two types. One is a muco- or glycoprotein or possibly a simple protein; the other, hyaluronic acid.


Hyperbranched copolymers were prepared by the heat transesterification of 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (4HCA) and 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (DHCA) with a high 4HCA composition dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). The nanoparticles were formed after two homogeneous copolymer solutions were mixed in DMF and TFA, which are both good solvents for the copolymer P(4HCA-co-DHCA). We confirmed that the driving force for particulation was solvent interactions that produce ion pairs, which elevate the polarity of the solvent too much to solubilize the copolymers.


The Euclidean hull of a linear code $C$ is defined as $C\cap C^{\perp}$, where $C^\perp$ denotes the dual of $C$ under the Euclidean inner product. A linear code with zero hull dimension is called a linear complementary dual (LCD) code. A pair $(C, D)$ of linear codes of length $n$ over $\mathbb{F}_q$ is called a linear complementary pair (LCP) of codes if $C\oplus D=\mathbb{F}_q^n$. In this paper, we give a characterization of LCD and LCP of cyclic codes of length $q^m-1$, $m \geq 1$, over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ in terms of their basic dual zeros and their trace representations. We also formulate the hull dimension of a cyclic code of arbitrary length over $\mathbb{F}_q$ with respect to its basic dual zero. Moreover, we provide a general formula for the dimension of the intersection of two cyclic codes of arbitrary length over $\mathbb{F}_q$ based on their basic dual zeros.


As more high-power wide-bandgap devices are being utilized, the thermal management issues associated with these devices need to be resolved. High power devices dissipate excessive heat that must be cooled, but traditional cooling methods are insufficient to provide such a cooling means. Although using SiC allows higher operating temperatures, an upper temperature threshold still exists for high frequency devices. The package under study consists of a SiC high frequency power device whose junction temperature must not exceed a specified temperature, such as 150/spl deg/C, 175/spl deg/C, or 200/spl deg/C, set by the particular device technology. The technical goal is to develop an innovative cooling concept providing less than 100/spl deg/C temperature rise relative to the base plate. In the baseline configuration, a high power SiC device is mounted onto a shim or thermal spacer that is then mounted onto a cold plate. This paper evaluates a SiC microcapillary pumped loop thermal management system that is incorporated into the shim of the device, taking advantage of phase-change to increase the thermal conductivity of the system. The results of the modeling, fabrication, and testing of the thermal management system are discussed.


The availability of the immunosuppressant cyclosporine has led to significant improvements in the recent success of clinical organ transplantation. Problems associated with cyclosporine therapy include serious adverse reactions, such as nephrotoxicity, wide variability in the drug's pharmacokinetics, and several complex drug interactions. Monitoring of drug concentrations is accepted as a part of the routine care of patients receiving cyclosporine. However, cyclosporine concentrations can be determined in different biologic fluids by either radioimmunoassay or high‐performance liquid chromatographic techniques. Controversy exists regarding the optimal analytic technique to be used for cyclosporine monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies. This commentary addresses factors including: (1) why the monitoring of cyclosporine concentrations is important, (2) the differences between the biologic fluids and analytic techniques, (3) when monitoring and special pharmacokinetic studies are indicated, (4) what some major transplant centers have established as a "therapeutic range" for cyclosporine concentrations, and (5) provides guidelines for the optimal clinical monitoring of cyclosporine concentrations.


Intensive theoretical and experimental work on topics anticipating the use of the kinetic energy of nuclear fragments for inducing chemical reactions, especially for the production of nitrogen dioxide from the air, has been done. The most important experimental results as well as their possible effects on the production of chemical products are reported. (auth)


This paper reports on two studies that investigate the design of online product interactivity. The first study compares three different presentation formats: a video presentation and two Virtual Product Experience (VPE) presentations, namely, triggered interaction and full interaction. The findings suggest that triggered interaction VPE is more effective in enticing users to attend to and further explore the featured products than both the non-interactive video presentation and the full interaction VPE. The second study builds upon the first and focuses on two specific VPE design factors. In particular, it investigates interaction constraint (high versus low constraint) in addition to the activation mode of interaction (process-based interaction versus event-based interaction). The results reveal interesting interaction patterns between the two design factors, i.e., providing less constrained interaction performs better when process-based interaction design is adopted, but performs worse when event-based interaction is employed.


Within organizations, data and information are the basis for almost all busines processes and decision making processes. Because of this, it is extremely important that these data assets are secure, qualified and always available, otherwise they lose their value to organizations. However, corporate data is not self managed. Over time, the sheer volume of data that is being acquired by organizations requires constant maintenance. There is a need to manage these data assets in order to align people, processes, business rules and technologies with the organization's own strategy. Data governance is this strategic vision that the organization adopts in relation to their data. This work has, as it's theme, the monitoring of the MASP Project's data quality governance proposal and actions. The study will examine aspects related to data quality and management during the development and implementation of the Personnel Services management and systems modernization Project. From conducting literature reviews, this study brings in its theoretical foundation reflections on the treatment of corporate data and the assurance of it's quality in organizations. Since the MASP Project objective is the implementation of a new HR process model and an HR ERP system, aspects of the implementation of ERP systems, mainly related to data management are also studied. An analysis of the data management path within the MASP project and the expectations after the project are displayed. An analysis of the data MASP Project's data governance proposal and the progress of their data management processes was carried out. The analysis is the result of participatory observation techniques and interviews analysis, which were conducted to assess the perception of the actors involved in data management processes. The proposed data governance model was analyzed primarily through documentary analysis of the MASP Project's reports and comparison with literature references. The work is divided into the following chapters: introduction, theoretical framework, methodology, MASP project and data management, Conclusion


Those about the comprehension and implement of The standard of the limit of alkali content in concrete(CECS53:93),the relationship between the forms and effects of alkali in the raw materials of concrete,and the influence of the alkali in cement to the cement/chemical admixtrue compatibility,have been discussed.The standard of the limit of alkali content in concete should be correctly comprehended and implemented,which is important to not only insure the safety of project,but also lessen the waste of natural resources.The determination standard of alkali in concrete should be based on the content of available alkali(deleterious alkali),and the problem of the cement/chemical admixture compatibility shoud be solved on the side of chemical admixtures.


Plane motion of the grab bucket jaw while scooping bulk cargo, with regard to the theory of solidified excavation and parabolic shape of scooping curve, has been described. Differential equations for grab bucket jaw as a part of a machine have been obtained considering rationalized equation with Lagrangian undefined coefficients. The structure of constitutive system for differential equations is reduced to matrix type convenient for computers. There has been shown formalization of the method which helps both to automate the solution of the system of differential equations and to automate the very process of working out the system.


The present invention relates includes a drive system with a control device (2) and with an actuator (3) including a working piston (5) for providing a driving movement along a path of movement (4), wherein said control means (2), a valve controller (16) and a a valve assembly (15), which via a fluid line (20) with the fluid port (11) of the actuator (3). According to the invention it is provided that the valve controller (16) for determining the position of the working piston (5) has two pressure sensors (27, 28) are associated, wherein a first pressure sensor (27) is associated with an input terminal (17) of the valve assembly (15) to determine a fluid pressure at the input terminal (17) and a second pressure sensor (28) is a working port (21) of the valve arrangement (15) is assigned, to determine a fluid pressure at the working connection (19), and that the valve controller (16) for a position determination for the working piston (3) along the path of movement (4) (27, 28) is formed based on sensor signals of the first and the second pressure sensor.


A thermoelectric generator array or TEG array was designed and tested that is capable of capturing waste heat energy and convert it into a usable electrical energy that can be used to power up electronic devices requiring low power consumption. An air conditioning unit was used as a source of waste heat energy. A cooling system was designed together with copper plate system that will eventually differentiate the cold side and the hot side of the compressor, which is the source of most of the waste heat. A DC to DC boost converter was also considered to improve the voltage and power being harnessed by the system. Lastly, a voltage monitoring unit was added to continuously monitor the output voltage of the TEG array. The converted electrical energy from waste heat energy is used and tested to check if the harnessed power is able to power up smartphone chargers and similar electronic devices. Experiment results show that the efficiency of the TEG I around 7.1768% and can be improved to 55.2889% efficiency if used together with the DC to DC boost converter.


The key element of a spoken dialogue system is Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) part. HVS and EHVS are two most popular statistical methods employed to implement the SLU part which need lightly annotated data. Since annotation is a time consuming, we present a novel semi-supervised learning for EHVS to reduce the human labeling effort using two different statistical classifiers, SVM and KNN. Experiments are done on a Persian corpus, the University Information Kiosk corpus. The experimental results show improvements in performance of semi-supervised EHVS, trained by both labeled and unlabeled data, compared to EHVS trained by just initially labeled data. The performance of EHVS improves 13.41% in the case of SVM classifier and 5.16% in the case of KNN. This demonstrates effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach.


Abstract We say that a numerical semigroup is $d$ -squashed if it can be written in the form $$S\,=\,\frac{1}{N}\langle {{a}_{1}},\,.\,.\,.\,,\,{{a}_{d}}\rangle \,\cap \,\mathbb{Z}$$ for $N$ , ${{a}_{1}}\,,\,.\,.\,.\,,\,{{a}_{d}}$ positive integers with $\gcd \left( {{a}_{1}},\,.\,.\,.\,,{{a}_{d}} \right)\,=\,1$ . Rosales and Urbano have shown that a numerical semigroup is 2-squashed if and only if it is proportionally modular. Recent works by Rosales et al. give a concrete example of a numerical semigroup that cannot be written as an intersection of 2-squashed semigroups. We will show the existence of infinitely many numerical semigroups that cannot be written as an intersection of 2-squashed semigroups. We also will prove the same result for 3-squashed semigroups. We conjecture that there are numerical semigroups that cannot be written as the intersection of $d$ -squashed semigroups for any fixed $d$ , and we prove some partial results towards this conjecture.


The study of illness at the cellular level is known as cytology and is frequently used as a cancer screening technique. Thyroid cytology is a discipline of pathology that focuses on the diagnosis of thyroid disorders and lesions. When discussing thyroid gland tumor categorization, dissolving samples with and without "papillary thyroid carcinoma-like" nuclei is a process that takes a long time for a doctor, and the results depend on the doctor's experience. Therefore, the research and application of artificial intelligence, in particular, methods of classifying cells based on microscopic images, are currently of great interest to assist doctors in the diagnostic process. In this paper, we develop a deep learning model named Inception-v3 for cancer cell classification to support the diagnostic process.


The application of ethephon (ETP), an ethylene generating chemical, to press-injured rice leaves induced PAL (EC 184.108.40.206) activity. This induction disappeared when the concentration was low. A Scatchard plot for ligand binding gave a linear relationship between the PAL reaction rate at the time for the maximum rate of induction (tm) along the sigmoidal progress and the ratio of the PAL reaction rate versus ETP in a specific range of concentration. A similar application of glutamate (Glu) induced PAL activity, and the application of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) also induced PAL activity. The induction of rice leaf PAL with Glu was inhibited in the presence of tiron (TR), a superoxide scavenger, was weakly inhibited with aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), but was not inhibited with abscisic acid (ABA). The induction with ACC was also inhibited in the presence of TR, was weakly inhibited with AOA, and further was weakly inhibited with ABA. The inoculation of blast fungus conidia or application of fungal proteoglucomannan (RIF) to press-injured rice leaves induced PAL activity. The induction proceeded along sigmoidal curve accompanying the distinct auto-inactivation phase. Each approximated tm (midpoint of an individual sigmoidal curve) was determined; tm = 2.4hr with an incompatible race, tm = 5.3 hr with a compatible race, and tm= 11.0 hr with RIF stimulation. The 3 inhibition profiles of TR, AOA and ABA upon rice leaf PAL induction either with inoculation or with stimulation were quite similar to the inhibition profiles upon PAL induction with Glu.


This work presents the application of the plane-wave admittance method (PWAM) to modeling the propagation of light and optical losses in photonic crystal waveguides. Both single- and multimode waveguides are analyzed and in the latter case the increase of losses due to the mode coupling is determined. As such mode coupling introduces a photonic mini stop band, its formation is analyzed. It is found that such a mini stop band can disappear when the complex propagation constant is allowed, which stays in agreement with the coupled-mode theory


This paper presents a method which enables the identification of critical power system states regarding voltage stability. The identification is based on a Continuation Power Flow (CPF) Method, starting at a given operating point to find next collapse points under given system constraints. In particular different load characteristics, generator limits and the operating of tap changers are considered. In this way collapse points can be determined more precisely and assessed by the loading margins for possible (n-1)-power system states.