This paper deals with the pressure generated btween two flat disks in the fluid, one lower disk fixed and another upper disk moved perpendicular to the fixed lower one. Results obtained from the experiment are as follows :When the upper disk approaches the lower one, viscoelasticity of the fluid decreases the pressure below the pressure of corresponding Newtonian fluids, whereas in the case of separating the upper disk from the lower one, the pressure takes minus values of about - 3.5 × 105Pa and the magnitude is increased by the viscoelasticity of the fluid used. This minus pressure is raised to a vacuum pressure by the cavitation inception inferred, the vacuum pressure holds constant for a duration and finally the pressure abruptly increases by the cavity extinction which accompanies pressure vibrations of high frequencies. These experimental results are qualitatively explained using the assumption of squeezing flow and the constitutive equation of the second order fluid.


Improved polymeric material is disclosed. Moreover, the form of micro fibers and nanofiber structures are also disclosed The fiber material which can be produced from the improved polymer materials. Microfiber and nanofiber structure can be used in a variety of useful applications, including the formation of the filter material.


Shrimps are the main fishery resource in marine waters off Sergipe (northeastern Brazil), where they are landed in three categories: 'espigão', 'escolha' and 'pistola'. The objective of this study was to identify which species are landed in each category, relating to the perception of stakeholders, and to analyze their effect on the interpretation of historical catch statistics. Samples of 3kg were collected monthly for each category before landing in Aracaju (May/2015-May/2016) to identify the shrimp species caught. All specimens were identified, measured (carapace length mm) and weighed (total weight g), and had their sex determined. We interviewed attendees of two meetings promoted by the Programa de Monitoramento Participativo do Desembarque Pesqueiro in Aracaju and Pirambu, the two main ports where shrimp catches are landed in Sergipe, and asked for their perception of shrimp species included in each category. Finally, we used all shrimp catch data available for Sergipe in a national reconstructed database to improve the reconstruction based on the species composition estimated here for the main shrimp species. The analysis of each category indicated the presence of commercially important species (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, Penaeus subtilis, Penaeus brasiliensis, and Penaeus schmitti), and also species of no local commercial interest: Exhippolysmata oplophoroides, Nematopalaemon schmitti, Rimapenaeus constrictus, and Sicyonia dorsalis. The category 'espigão' was dominated by X. kroyeri (94.2%) and 'escolha' by P. subtilis (95.3%). 'pistola' was mostly P. subtilis (78.3%), almost all of them females, followed by P. schmitti (12.3%). The perception of stakeholders was correct for 'espigão' and 'escolha', but not for 'pistola', as 38% of the respondents classified it as 'camarãobranco' (P. schmitti). The mean carapace length for all species together was: 18.90mm ('espigão'), 22.34mm ('escolha'), and 30.96mm ('pistola'). Decreasing catches of X. kroyeri, P. subtilis and P. schmitti in the last years raise concern. AbstrAct Kátia Meirelles Felizola Freire1* , Leonardo Cruz da Rosa2 , Josafá Reis-Júnior1,2 , Thaíza Maria Rezende da Rocha Barreto1,3


The nonproportional model of change as applied by Kasarda (1974) to explain the administrative intensity of societies is examined. In applying this theory to nations, we argue that the relationship...


Th1 lymphocytes are considered the main mediators of protection against tuberculosis (TB); however, their phenotypic characteristics and relationship with Th17 and Th1Th17 populations during TB are poorly understood. We have analyzed Th1, Th17, and Th1Th17 lymphocytes in the blood and pulmonary lesions of TB patients. The populations were identified based on the production of IFN-γ and/or IL-17 and the coexpression of CXCR3 (X3) and CCR6 (R6). In the blood, IL-17+ and IFN-γ+IL-17+ lymphocytes were barely detectable (median, <0.01% of CD4+ lymphocytes), whereas IFN-γ+ lymphocytes predominated (median, 0.45%). Most IFN-γ+ lymphocytes (52%) were X3+R6+, suggesting their "nonclassical" (ex-Th17) nature. In the lungs, IL-17+ and IFN-γ+IL-17+ lymphocytes were more frequent (0.3%, p < 0.005), yet IFN-γ+ cells predominated (11%). Phenotypically, lung CD4+ cells were X3+/loR6−. The degree of differentiation of blood effector CD4+ lymphocytes (evaluated based on CD62L/CD27/CD28 coexpression) increased as follows: X3+R6+ < X3+R6− < X3−R6−, with X3−R6− cells being largely terminally differentiated CD62L−CD27−CD28− cells. Lung CD4+ lymphocytes were highly differentiated, recalling blood X3+/−R6− populations. Following in vitro stimulation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 Abs, X3+R6+CD4+ lymphocytes converted into X3+R6− and X3−R6− cells. The results demonstrate that, during active TB, Th1 lymphocytes predominate in blood and lungs, document differences in X3/R6 expression by blood and lung CD4+ cells, and link the pattern of X3/R6 expression with the degree of cell differentiation. These findings add to the understanding of immune mechanisms operating during TB and are relevant for the development of better strategies to control it.


The acquisition method of unified microwave TTC systems is introduced,new problems arising from the system acquisition in spread spectrum TTC systems are presented,and a new acquisition method of spread spectrum TTC systems is given based on the fast acquisition of spread spectrum signals.


The Front-Loading Problem in Presidential Nominations. By William G. Mayer and Andrew E. Busch. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2004. 226p. $49.95 cloth, $22.95 paper. The authors are right, but … Front-loading has skewed the nomination process. It has given states holding early caucuses and primaries an advantage. They have more influence on the final outcome, more attention from the candidates and the news media, more economic benefit from the spending of the campaigns and the organizations that cover them, and more citizen involvement and higher voting turnout.


This paper discusses slave families and the power relationships between freedwomen and their former masters in the interior of Bahia during the second half of the nineteenth century, namely in the Arraial do Brejo Grande (presentday Ituacu), in the Southwest of Bahia. Focusing on the case study of two slave families and examining the freedwomen's court battles with their former masters for custody of their children, the paper seeks to provide insights into the dynamics and complexity of life in the Bahian semiarid at the end of the nineteenth century


I n the mid-twentieth century, Beryl Markham wrote a harrowing account of flying solo across the Atlantic, Isak Dinesen (a.k.a Karen Blixen) recalled the perils of life in the Kenyan wilderness, and Martha Gellhorn reported fromwar zones. In the past few decades, memoirs by women, including Mary Karr, Lucy Grealy, and Audre Lorde, have tended to feature more intimate and psychological dangers: abuse, addiction, and illness. With the phenomenal success of Cheryl Strayed's Wild: From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail, and the recent publication of two other excellent memoirs by a dancer and a competitive swimmer, perhaps a new subgenre is emerging: narratives in which women explore their physical as well as their emotional power. LikeWild, ReneéE.D'Aoust'sBody of aDancer andLidiaYuknavitch'sThe Chronology ofWater are, at their cores, accounts of how their authors became R E V I E W


Community Cloud (CC) emerges as a rapid developing paradigm in many fields such as research and education. Business process (BP) that facilitates the organization cooperation and resource sharing plays an important role in CC. The execution efficiency of BP has a pivotal impact on the quality of community cloud services. CC applications often have high demands on BP execution efficiency, which is affected by many factors such as response time of a single service in BP and cost of interactive activities among distributed services. This brings up an important research issue of optimizing BP execution efficiency for CC. In this paper, we propose a service replica strategy that utilizes queuing theory to optimize the execution efficiency of BP for CC. Our approach creates service replicas dynamically to shorten the response time of request to a single service according to the quantity and frequency of user requests in different times, and allocates these replicas to proper host servers to reduce the interaction time among distributed services. Our objective is to improve the BP execution efficiency by the above two aspects of local time optimization. First, we analyze the effects of service replica strategy on optimizing BP execution efficiency as a whole and define a cost model of execution efficiency to reduce the search space of maximizing execution efficiency of BP. Then we implement the replica strategy in two steps. We initially utilize the social network property of the services to pre-allocate key service replicas on server nodes in CC. After that, we utilize a queueing model to schedule the service replica and service requests dynamically. Experiments illustrate that our approach can help to improve BP execution efficiency in CC.


The application of expansive concretes to construction projects is gradually becoming popular for both new construction and refurbishment. Expansive concretes are mainly made by using expansive agents with different chemical compositions that result in the increase of certain hydrates contents within the concrete matrix. The most usual agents promote the formation of ettringite (type-K) or portlandite (type-G). Many parameters influence the efficacy of the expansive agents and the performance of the corresponding expansive concretes such as curing, restraining conditions or concrete composition. These parameters affect the content, chemical composition and morphology of the expansive hydrates, and the resulting expansion is closely related to these modifications in the hydrates characteristics. Therefore, different concrete mixes were designed in this work, most of them self-compacting concretes, in order to evaluate these effects. Two expansive agents, two supplementary cementitious materials, two expansion conditions and two curing conditions were considered. The microstructure of the concretes was evaluated by BSEM and XRD. The results obtained indicate that restraining conditions influence the morphology and the chemical composition of the expansive hydrates formed. An eminently amorphous ettringite type was identified as responsible for the expansion when using type-K agent. Regarding the concretes with type-G agent, denser portlandite plates better integrated in the cement paste matrix were formed in the concretes cured in more restrained conditions. Curing conditions and concrete composition also influence the reactivity of the expansive agents.


Immunological principles can be used to build a sustainable investment portfolio. The theory of immunology states that information about recognized pathogens is stored in the memory of the immune system. Information about previous illnesses can be helpful when the pathogen re-enters the body. Real-time analysis of 11 automated financial trading datasets confirmed this phenomenon in financial time series. Therefore, in order to increase the sustainability of the portfolio, we propose to train the portfolio with the most similar segments of historical data. The segment size and offset may vary depending on the data set and time.


WP4 coordinates experimental activities, with imple mentation and testing of the technologies and procedures studied in the project. This report covers the progress made during the last (third) year of the project.


Hydrology, especially extreme hydrological events, has been recognized as an important driver of the land‐to‐ocean export of terrigenous dissolved organic matter (tDOM). Nevertheless, how various types of tDOM that differ in source and reactivity respond to changes in hydrology is not known. Seasonal and event exports of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved black carbon (DBC), and dissolved lignin were studied in a small subtropical river. We found that seasonal variations in DBC concentration were significantly related to hydrology, while DOC and dissolved lignin were not. In contrast, DOC, DBC, and dissolved lignin changed similarly during an extreme rain event. The variation magnitudes of DOC, DBC, and dissolved lignin concentrations were in the lower end compared to other rivers, which may be related to the limited coverage of wetlands and riparian vegetation and poor development of organic‐rich soil. Dilution effects were observed when the runoff exceeded 0.4 mm/hr, and the fluxes of both DBC and dissolved lignin decreased during the runoff peak, which was caused by surface flow and potentially by removal processes during peak discharge. Our results suggest that the influence of hydrology varies with tDOM source and reactivity and that high enough runoff (e.g., 0.7 mm/hr in the Jiulong River) may not enhance the export rate of tDOM. However, our study was carried out in a small watershed with limited wetlands and riparian vegetation, and more studies are needed to verify whether this trend is consistent among global rivers.


Objective:Recombinant antibody expression in microorganism greatly facilitated the affinity and stability studies of recombinant antibodies,but previous studies had less reports about the selection of vectors.A suitable expression vector is important during the expression of the single chain antibody(scFv-H4) for aflatoxin B1.Methods:Four pET vectors such as pET20b,pET22b,pET28a and pET32a were employed in the functional expression of scFv-H4.Results:pET20b and pET22b vectors were able to express the functional antibody in periplasm.The vector of pET28a was not suitable for the expression of scFv-H4 due to lack of detectable scFv-H4 in total protein.Moreover,the detectable scFv-H4 was only expressed in inclusion body through pET32a expression system.Conclusion:pET22b was an excellent vector for the expression of scFv-H4,which might be a good reference for similar protein expression and be useful in the later study of scFv-H4 affinity and stability.


Owned by KGHM International Ltd (KGHM), the Victoria Project is an undeveloped coppernickel resource located in the Sudbury Igneous Complex. This region has been historically mined for over 110 years for its sulphide nickel, copper, cobalt, and precious metal ores. Due to the anticipated high stress environment, stiff rock mass and significant depth of the resource (>1800 m below surface), severe mining-induced micro-seismicity, strain bursting and stress induced damage is expected. In order to manage hazard and mitigate the associated risk to personnel and production associated with this mining in this environment, appropriate geomechanics strategies will applied at the design stage of the Victoria Project (including micro-seismic monitoring, dynamic ground control systems, re-entry protocols, production extraction sequencing, and strategic location of LOM and development excavations). This paper describes the expected benefit to the Victoria Project by applying lessons learned from comparable mines currently operating within the Sudbury Basin, including KGHM's Morrison Mine which seismically-active and developing strategies to manage micro-seismic risk.


UGC-INFONET E-Journals Consortium launched by UGC is one of the biggest and ambitious programmes in the history of higher education in India. All universities and colleges who are under the purview of UGC have been provided UGC-INFONET connectivity and access to scholarly e-Journals and Databases. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of the Consortium by the PG students and Research Scholars in the Alagappa University, Karaikudi. Further, the data is collected through a questionnaire to study the information needs of the PG students and Researchers and in the Alagappa University, Karaikudi. The paper reveals that UGC- INFONET Consortium is very much essential to help in fulfilling the ever increasing information needs of the users. There is also need to create awareness and train the users to access the UGC-INFONET Journals to make its uses effectively and efficiently. Furthermore, addition of new of Journals in the Consortium is necessary to keep the users updated and satisfy their needs.


This paper tries to evaluate the openness of Chinese tourism market toward foreign travelers. The way of approach is by examining the tourism services trade barriers. This paper includes a model of tourism services trade barrier, which is built based on Paasche index theory, with America's direct tourism output and GNI per capita chosen as its two variables. With this model, the degree of the openness of China's inbound tourism market towards foreign travelers can be quantified.


Traditionally, single cropping culture is widely adopted owing to uniformly growing requirements and habits. Unfortunately, the culture causes a surplus of crops, which leads to a depression of crop prices. Intercropping is an approach to reduce the risk of crop prices. This paper proposes an optimization model for intercropping planning in order to maximize total income while minimize the risk. Several cultivating factors have been investigated and applied to construct the proposed model. The model was evaluated by comparing with a linear programming method. The experimental results revealed that the linear programming method provided the highest income; but it could not accomplish in the risk minimization. On the other hand, the proposed model could minimize the risk and also obtained at least 74% when compared with the linear programming method.


Many literatures prove Al-Si hypoeutectic phase has certain relationship of crystal orientation,but there are no reports for the crystal orientation of hypereutectic.Taking the relationship of crystal orientation in hypoeuectic phase as reference,in which it is(220)Al∥(111)Si(111)Al∥(011)Si,we investigate the relationship of crystal orientation in hypereuectic.By indexing the diffraction patterns in the hypereutectic,we get the relationship of crystal orientation.The result shows the crystal orientation is the same in hypoeutectic and hypereutectic Al-Si phase.


Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) can affect intestinal barrier with a high mortality. To date, effective therapies for SAP are still in urgently need. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of anthranilic acid active synthetic derivative, N‐(3′,4′‐dimethoxycinnamonyl) anthranilic acid (3,4‐DAA), in intestinal barrier dysfunction of SAP. In this study, SAP mice model was induced by caerulein combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SAP mice were pretreated with 3,4‐DAA orally. Histological structures of pancreatic and intestinal tissues were observed via hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining. Pancreas myeloperoxidase (MPO), serum lipase, and amylase were detected using corresponding kits. Western blot analysis and reverse transcription and quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) were employed to determine the levels of inflammatory factors in both pancreatic and intestinal tissues. Moreover, the levels of intestinal barrier‐related proteins, NLRP3 inflammasome and NF‐κB pathway were examined by western blot analysis. Result revealed that 3,4‐DAA significantly attenuated pancreas and intestine damage, inhibited the release of inflammatory factors and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Moreover, the expression of NLRP3 and phospho‐NF‐κB p65 in pancreatic and intestinal tissues was notably suppressed by 3,4‐DAA. To sum up, these results demonstrated that 3,4‐DAA could ameliorate SAP, partly attributing to the inhibition of intestinal barrier dysfunction and the release of inflammatory factors. These findings may provide a new mechanism support for 3,4‐DAA application in the clinical treatment of SAP.


The process of literacy of students in primary school is complex, pedagogically relevant and socially significant. In order for students to learn correct oral and written expression, it is necessary to work persistently and continuously with them. A student's literacy can only be the result of long, gradual and systematic learning and practice. The development of the culture of expression and literacy should be constantly encouraged with students from the very beginning of school. The aim of this research was to verify whether and to what extent there is a significant statistical connection between written expression and school success of students in the second triad of elementary school. The research was conducted on a sample of 109 elementary school students in the territory of Banja Luka. For the purpose of this research, the Vocabulary Test was applied.


Sirolimus systemic administration has shown marked inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) after balloon angioplasty in porcine models. In this pilot study, we tested the hypothesis that oral sirolimus is safe and effective to inhibit in‐stent NIH and therefore to prevent and treat in‐stent restenosis (ISR). Twelve patients (18 lesions) with high risk for ISR, including 8 ISR lesions, were admitted. One day before the procedure, patients were given a 15 mg loading dose of oral sirolimus, followed by 5 mg daily for 28 days, with weekly whole blood level measurements. The daily dose was adjusted to keep the concentration at 10–15 ng/ml. Sirolimus was well tolerated by all patients but one, who died at the end of the third week of treatment. The 4‐ and 8‐month follow‐up revealed an angiographic late loss of 0.40 ± 0.24 and 0.67 ± 0.45 mm (P < 0.01), respectively. At the same time points, the intravascular ultrasound in in‐stent relative volumetric obstruction was 14.4% ± 9.1% and 23.2% ± 10.1% (P < 0.01), respectively. At 24‐month clinical follow‐up, adverse events were one (8.3%) death, two (11.1%) target lesion, and four (22.2%) target vessel revascularizations. In conclusion, in this small group of high‐risk ISR patients, oral sirolimus inhibited NIH and therefore may be an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of ISR. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2005;64:413–418. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Logical monism is the claim that there is a single correct logic, the 'one true logic' of our title. The view has evident appeal, as it reflects assumptions made in ordinary reasoning as well as in mathematics, the sciences, and the law. In all these spheres, we tend to believe that there are determinate facts about the validity of arguments. Despite its evident appeal, however, logical monism must meet two challenges. The first is the challenge from logical pluralism, according to which there is more than one correct logic. The second challenge is to determine which form of logical monism is the correct one. One True Logic is the first monograph to explicitly articulate a version of logical monism and defend it against the first challenge. It provides a critical overview of the monism vs pluralism debate and argues for the former. It also responds to the second challenge by defending a particular monism, based on a highly infinitary logic. It breaks new ground on a number of fronts and unifies disparate discussions in the philosophical and logical literature. In particular, it generalizes the Tarski–Sher criterion of logicality, provides a novel defence of this generalization, offers a clear new argument for the logicality of infinitary logic and replies to recent pluralist arguments.


The invention relates to a pendulum tensioner (1) for a secondary assembly-traction mechanism drive with at least one clamping arm (2) which is rotatably arranged in a housing-fixed component such as a generator housing (3), wherein a Spannarmvorspannfeder (4) is arranged so that they deflect the clamping arm (2) for tensioning a endless tensile means of the auxiliary units-traction mechanism drive, wherein one of the Spannarmvorspannfeder (4) decoupled damping means (5) is so connected that movement of the tensioner arm (2) attenuated in the deflection and / or counter to the deflecting is. The invention also relates to a ancillaries-traction drive with a stationary mounted generator, and a torque-transmitting manner in contact with the generator endless traction means (24) which is biased by a tensioner according to the invention pendulum (1).


Artificial selection was conducted to reduce the behavioral responsiveness of female bruchid beetles, Callosobruchus chinensis, to the oviposition deterring pheromone excreted by conspecific females. Significant responses to selection were observed after two generations of selection. Realized heritability was estimated as 0.052 ± 0.017 from cumulative responses regressed on cumulative selection differentials. These results indicate that this pheromone communication system has significant additive genetic variance needed for its evolution.


We isolated stable mutants from Trichosporon adeninovorans resistant to 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose. All mutants were altered in the C‐catabolite repression and produced different amounts of glucoamylase and β‐glucosidase when grown on several carbon sources. In addition to the C‐catabolite derepression of these extracellular enzymes, a repression defect of isocitrate lyase was found.


The incidence of oral cancers is increasing all over the world. Early detection ofthis important public health matter makes them more amenable to treatment and allows the greatest chance of cure.The aim of this study was to investigate the awareness and knowledge on oral cancer among final -year dental students in Iraq. Materials and methods: Questionnaires were delivered to 160 final-year dental students in the College of Dentistry in Baghdad. The questionnaire focused on the awareness/knowledge of oral cancer, earlyand common clinical signs and symptoms andassociated risk factors. Results: It was found that 87% of students were aware of oral cancer. The followings were recognized as signs and symptoms of oral cancer: persistent ulcer and lymphadenopathy (71 %, 70%), followed by presence of white patch (63%). A satisfactory knowledge was observed on; smoking (86%), family history (84%), old age (63%), sun light exposure (59%), smokeless tobacco (57%), alcohol consumption (55%) and Immunosuppression (54%).Consider ing dilatory risk-factors, a satisfactory knowledge was identified on hot and spicy food (57%), but not on the other factors. Although satisfactory knowledge of dental risk-factors including premalignant disorders (84%) and previous history of oral cancer (70%) was observed, inadequate knowledge about other factors was observed.91% of future dentists indicated that oral cancer can be cured when detected early. Conclusion: This study highlighted the need for more education in dental schools to enhance dental professionals' awareness and knowledge of oral cancer, aiding in early diagnosis and treatment of patients.


During orogenesis, large-scale thrusts as orogenic fronts can act as conduits and/or barriers for fluid flow. Unravelling the timing and modes of tectonic activation of large-scale faults is crucial to understanding the relationship between fluid flow and deformation. The North Pyrenean Frontal Thrust (NPFT) corresponds to a major basement-involved thrust responsible for the northward overthrust of the pre-orogenic sediments on top of the Aquitaine Foreland Basin. This study questions the timing of activation of this thrust, its geometry, the nature of the last fluids, which circulated there, and its role on the circulation of fluids. The structural study confronted to published thermochronology data led to determine the timing of the two tectonic activations during the NPFT compression phase and to relate them to the fluid circulations. We constrain the first activation at Campanian times and link it to the leak of the deep gas reservoir present in depth, as the NPFT acted as a conduit. Then the NPFT acted as a barrier, probably due to the breccia consolidation during the Paleocene quiescence period. Finally, the Eocene-Oligocene reactivation led to fluid circulation of high salinity fluids from the Triassic evaporites leaching. This latter event is associated with a fracturing event and the late generation of calcite veins studied here. This is the first study in the Pyrenees directly applied to the NPFT which uses the association between fluid inclusions study, seismic and thermochronological data. It highlights that the NPFT may be an important structure responsible of the leakage of deep hydrocarbons reservoirs. It also shows the importance of the determination of the activation steps of large-scale faults to decipher the origin of fluid circulations in space and time.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to counter autocorrelation by designing the chart, using warning limits. Various optimal schemes of modified chart are proposed for various sample sizes (n) at levels of correlation (Φ) of 0.00, 0.475 and 0.95. These optimal schemes of modified chart are compared with the double sampling (DS) chart, suggested by Costa and Claro (2008). Design/methodology/approach – The performance of the chart is measured in terms of the average run length (ARL) that is the average number of samples before getting an out-of-control signal. Ultimately, due to the effect of autocorrelation among the data, the performance of the chart is suspected. The ARLs at various sets of parameters of the chart are computed by simulation, using MATLAB. The suggested optimal schemes are simpler schemes with limited number of parameters and smaller sample size (n=4) and this simplicity makes them very helpful in quality control. Findings – The suggested optimal schemes of modified chart are compared ...


The curves of thermal expansion and fluxion property of Bi2O3-ZnO-B2O3 system low-melting sealing glass was investigated.The relationship between crystallization and sintering temperature was studied by XRD.The results show that as the content of B2O3 increases,the thermal expansion of glass decreases.When the content of B2O3 is lesser,the trend of the glass increases.The crystalline phase is separated out in A1 and A2 and this phase is α-Bi2O3.When the sintering temperature is under 460 ℃,with the increasing of B2O3,the sintering shrinkage of the samples is restrained.With the increasing of temperature,the fluxion property of the samples also increases.The fluxion property of the samples is polarized.It is restrained by the crystalline phases.


In the manufacturing method of the positioning trays of a conventional orthodontic appliances, it costs Kasami, there is a problem that the production cycle is long. The present invention discloses a bracket with positioning hook for manufacturing a preparation and the positioning trays of the positioning trays method of positioning trays Tokushi adopts the original impression and the ideal impression, a three-dimensional digital model of the ideal impression portray each bracket body converts, portray the positioning hook on the bracket body, to produce a wax pattern of the bracket with positioning hook wax molding machine, as the core of the molding the wax pattern, the blank of the bracket with positioning hook was surface treated with casting, the brackets with surface treated positioning hook performing pressurization together assembled on original impression, with the positioning trays, finally excised positioning hook bracket mated positioning tray get, the steps of No. Bracketed positioning hook is manufactured in order to implement this method.


ABSTRACT This article investigates the patterns of vertical specialization in trade among China, Japan and Korea, and the effects of real exchange rate fluctuations under a multistage production process. By extending the models of Yi (2003, 2010), we derive two distinct features of vertical specialization and test them using Time-Varying Parameter (TVP) VAR. We find that a positive shock to China's final good consumption increases the intermediate goods trade between Korea and China, with expanding magnitude over time. In addition, the positive effect of a real exchange rate depreciation on intermediate goods trade is strengthened through the competitiveness-enhancing channel, with this effect being more pronouncing in Korea-China trade than in Korea-Japan trade.


Subject
 The outlook for the incoming government.

 Significance
 President-elect Luis Lacalle Pou will take office on March 1, 2020 at the head of a centre-right coalition incorporating five parties that until now were in opposition. All of them will be represented in the new cabinet and are committed to passing an urgent package of reforms and a new budget. He takes over in an unfavourable economic context, with slow growth and a substantial fiscal deficit that will require austerity measures thus far avoided by the outgoing Frente Amplio (FA) government.

 Impacts
 The new government needs some rapid successes on crime and the fiscal deficit if it is to buy time with an increasingly restive population.
 Growth may struggle to recover this year and next, not least as Argentina's economic crisis will hit the important tourism sector.
 Protests from opposition groups, already common elsewhere in Latin America, will increase as the FA leaves office and austerity looms.


For any non-zero finite module M of finite projective dimension over a noetherian local ring R with maximal ideal m and residue field k, it is proved that the natural map Ext_R(k,M)-->Ext_R(k,M/mM) is non-zero when R is regular and is zero otherwise. A noteworthy aspect of the proof is the use of stable cohomology. Applications include computations of Bass series over certain local rings.


Infrastructure cross-country pipelines projects carry out higher risk than traditional because they entail high capital outlays and intricate site conditions. The high-risk exposure associated with infrastructure cross-country pipelines projects needs special attention from contractors to analyze and manage their risks. They cannot be eliminated but can be minimized or transferred from one project stakeholder to another. Therefore, current research aims for identifying the risk factors that affect infrastructure cross-country pipelines projects based on experts experience and company's point of view which participated in similar projects. The risk factors classified under two categories to company level risks and project level risks. The risk factors were assessed using risk assessment models that facilitate this assessment procedure, prioritize these projects based upon its risk indexes and evaluate risk contingency value. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) used to evaluate risk factors weights (likelihood) and FUZZY LOGIC approach to evaluate risk factors impact (Risk consequences) using software aids such as EXCEL and MATLAB software, accordingly risk indexes for both company level and project level evaluated and overall project risk index determined. Five case studies in different countries were selected to determine the highest risk factors and to implement the designed models and test its results. Results show that project no 3 in Iraq conquer the highest risk index (39.75%); however, project 5 in Egypt has the lowest risk index (5.24%). Results of risk factors in other countries are (32.81%) in Emirates, (17.27%) in Saudi Arabia and (11.67%) in Libya. Therefore, the developed model can be used to sort projects based upon risk, which facilitate company's decision of which project can be pursued.


OBJECTIVES
To test in vitro the spermatozocidine drug which can also prevent sex transmitting diseases (STD) pathogens.

METHODS
Chlorheridine diacetate and other three chemical compounds were applied in vitro spermatozocidine and sperm inhibitting tests.

RESULTS
The lowest concentrations of chlorheridine diacetate and p-nitrophenol which can inhibit human sperm in 20 seconds were 1.25 mg/ml. The minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of chlorheridine diacetate and p-nitrophenol on Streptococcus albus Stemberg were 0.125 to 0.50 mg/ml and 0.25 to 1.00 mg/ml.

CONCLUSIONS
Chlorheridine diacetate and p-uitrophenol have strong spermatozocidine and antibacteria effects.


Recent corporate political activities (CPA) studies applying the "fit paradigm" found that foreign subsidiaries' political capabilities in emerging markets are shaped not just by host country- but also by home country institutions: Subsidiaries of multinational enterprises (MNEs) need to develop CPA that "fit" parent political capabilities. Yet, this literature neglects that this "organizational fit" requirement goes together with an "institutional fit" requirement between subsidiary CPA and the host institutional environment. Achieving this dual fit is particularly difficult in very volatile institutional host environments where the value of political capabilities changes rapidly. In such environments subsidiaries face a dilemma between the decreasing "institutional fit" of easily transferable capabilities and the lack of "organizational fit" of necessary "sticky," local ones. To understand how firms deal with this dilemma, we develop a typology of political capabilities that takes into account their varying transferability/stickiness and their dynamic institutional contingency in the host country. Our empirical study of Hungary shows that MNEs even from institutionally very different economies can successfully transfer political capabilities to develop effective CPA in a radically volatile political environment. Yet, as political risk becomes discontinuous, this strategy may reach its limits.


Reporting on the southernmost locality in Costa Rica and the first two localities in Panama, we extend the known geographic distribution of the lizard Potamites apodemus (Uzzell, 1966) roughly 20 km eastwards, 40 km southwards, and 175 m in elevation. We provide photos of Panamanian specimens, comment on their morphology, and map the distribution of this unique species.


Organizations today are transforming fast to strategically adapt with the changes in the external environment. The paradigms of organizational cultures have thus expanded to embrace those factors that have evolved in response to organizational changes. This study argued that spiritual and learning organization practices are elementary and implicit part of organizational culture of such dynamic organizations. Therefore, such practices may better explain the very nature of individual's psychological attachment with a dynamic workplace. This study seeks empirical evidence from previous studies and proposed a conceptual framework explaining how learning organization practices and spiritual integration at work contributes towards organizational commitment. The framework will also seek possible connection of learning organization and spiritual integration at work as both constructs have been evolving separately with less attention on how they can be related. This study discussed the practical implications and suggests future directions to elaborate as well as to refine the proposed model.


Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by /4.0) ABSTRACT This paper investigates based on four IR sensor automatic control of railway gate using a microcontroller system. There are so many railway accidents happening due to the carelessness in manual operations or lack of worker. So, this paper describes four IR sensor-based automatic control of railway gate system for saving precious human lives and preventing major disasters in railway track. Railway gate may be saved for the road users to prevent accidents in terms of train speed at a level crossing. Automatic railway gate control system is an innovative circuit which automatically controls the operation of railway gates detecting the arrival and departure of train at the gate. This automatic system can be replaced by the gates operated by the gatekeeper. The operation using Arduino UNO that integrated with other circuits involved such as power supply, IR sensors, light indicators, buzzer, and gate motors. The servo motor is used to control the open and close status of the railway crossing gate. The four IR sensors are placed on the railway tracks. The gate is closed when the first one senses the train and is opened when the second one senses the train. This operation is performed when the train is coming from the left side of the gate. When the train is coming from the right side, the third and fourth sensors is performed in the same operation. The red LED is HIGH when the gate is closed and the green LED is HIGH when the gate is opened. This system is based on software programming to operate the hardware structure. Program for four IR sensor-based automatic control of railway gate system is based on Arduino UNO with C++ language. The main function of the design is Arduino UNO.


Background To evaluate the safety and efficacy of femoral artery cannulation as an alternative to axillary artery cannulation, we retrospectively compared outcomes between patients with axillary or femoral artery cannulation during open aortic arch repair for type A aortic dissection (TAAD). Methods Between January 2014 and January 2019, 646 patients underwent open aortic arch repair with circulatory arrest for TAAD using antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (SACP) and were divided into two groups according to the site of arterial cannulation: an axillary artery group (axillary group, n=558) or a femoral artery group (femoral group, n=88). The axillary artery was considered as the primary cannulation site, and the femoral artery was used as an alternative when axillary artery cannulation was deemed unsuitable or had failed. Propensity score matching was performed to correct baseline differences. Results After propensity score matching, the patients' characteristics were comparable between groups (n=85 in each). The incidence of in-hospital mortality (10.6% vs. 14.1%; P=0.642) and stroke (3.5% vs. 5.9%; P=0.720) were comparable between the axillary and femoral groups. The incidence of newly required dialysis was lower in the femoral group, but the difference was not statistically significant (34.1% vs. 20.0%; P=0.050). Other outcomes and major adverse events were comparable. Conclusions Femoral artery cannulation produced similar perioperative outcomes to axillary cannulation after open arch repair for TAAD. The femoral artery can be used as a safe and effective alternative to the axillary artery for arterial cannulation in TAAD patients undergoing open arch repair.


This study aims to analyze the effect of net working capital, capital expenditure, leverage, and board size on cash holdings with firm size and profitability as controlling variables. This study uses secondary data obtained from financial statement and annual report manufacturing firms listed on IDX for the period 2016-2019. Research method using multiple linear regression, which is tested using E-views dan SPSS. This study uses Generalized Least Square with random effect model in testing hypothesis. Samples are chosen based on purposive sampling method. There are 69 manufacturing company listed on IDX for the period 2016-2019 with total 276 data selected as samples. This study found that net working capital has a significant positive impact on cash holdings. Capital expenditure has negative and significant relation with cash holdings. On the other hand, leverage and board size were found to have no significant effect on cash holdings.


Due to the communication abilities impairment, deaf & dumb peoples are more or less isolated from mainstream societal activities. NGOs, social workers & Governments in India are putting efforts with multiple initiatives to increase the involvement of these peoples in the mainstream activities happening in the rest of world. This paper proposes to establish an alternative method to streamline the communications among normal & speech impaired persons by using smart hand glove system equipped with 3D accelerometer modules at the fingertips. The proposed system is delivering the measurement results in very proficient way. The experiments were carried out over 15 persons using the sign gestures, providing good co-relation between the Posed gestures versus system mapped gestures.


This paper reports the results of an experimental investigation of transient, turbulent mixed convection in a vertical channel in which one of the walls is heated and the other is adiabatic. The goal is to simultaneously estimate the constants in a Nusselt number correlation whose form is assumed a priori by synergistically marrying the experimental results with repeated numerical calculations that assume guess values of the constants. The convective heat transfer coefficient "h" is replaced by the Nusselt number (Nu) which is then assumed to have a form Nu = a (1+RiD ) b ReD c where a, b and c are the constants to be evaluated. From the experimentally obtained temperature time history and the simulated temperature time history, based on some guess values of a, b, and c, one can define the objective function or the residue as the sum of the square of the difference between experimentally obtained and simulated temperatures. Using Bayesian inference driven by the Markov chain Monte Carlo method, one, more or all of the constants a, b and c are retrieved together with the uncertainty involved in these estimates. Additionally, the estimated parameters are compared with experimental benchmarks.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Parkinson's disease is a neurological disease which prevails in a patient for the long term. Losing control over the gait cycle is a common phenomenon which leads to a deviation in the gait cycle of the patient. The variation of the gait cycle can be explained in two approaches: temporal variation and spatial variation. In this paper, an analysis which exclusively focuses on the spatial variation is done to determine the gait cycle deviation of Parkinson patients from a healthy person. This work analyzes the step lengths and stride lengths of the patients without the help of any external influence and compares the results against the healthy subjects. From the study, it ends up clear that on account of a Parkinson disease, step lengths, and stride lengths both are shorter than healthy individuals and a quantitative connection between these parameters are determined here.


Impairment is any loss or departure from a normal psychological or anatomical structure or function as defined by the International Classification of Diseases and Disabilities of the World Health Organization. Persons with disabilities are persons with permanent bodily, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments who, in interaction with various obstacles, can prevent their full and effective participation in society on an equal footing with others as defined by the UN Convention on Persons with Disabilities.
 In sports people with disabilities are divided into 4 categories: persons with physical disabilities, persons with intellectual disabilities, persons with visual impairment, persons with hearing impairment. The rules on people with disabilities in sport are written in the "Standard Rules for Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities". The main goal of this research was to explore and display the sports clubs for people with disabilities in the area of the PGŽ-a. Accordingly, to determine the extent to which, given the number of members, they represent men and women, and what kind of disability works with these athletes.
 The study involved of Association 235 respondents, of whom 161 men and 74 women, which meant that more men in sports clubs of people with disabilities in the Primorje-Goranska County. The results showed that 2 athletes compete within the I category, 2 within the II category, 3 IV categories, 44 within the general category, and 86 belong to the unclassified group. 13 men and 4 women have international classifications, while 73 men and 20 women have a national classification. Within the Paralympic programs of the Croatian Paralympic Committee, 12 men and 2 women are competing.
 The need to improve physical and health status through exercise, as well as the need for proofing and competing is also the case for people with disabilities, and the task of every modern society, in which everyone works together and takes care of them, enables them to engage in as much sporting content as possible.


In this article, numerical solutions of the seven different forms of the single soliton and double soliton solutions of the Korteweg‐de Vries equation are investigated. Since numerical solution of the six test problems for small‐times do not exist in the literature, the present numerical results firstly are reported with exact solutions. Besides small‐time solutions, long‐time solutions of all test problems are obtained and compared with some of the earlier works. Present algorithm which is based on combination of finite difference method and differential quadrature method have obtained superior results than those in the given literature. Numerical and exact solutions for small‐time of all test problems are plotted together for all test problems. Since the numerical results are too close to exact solutions the graphs are indistinguishable. Numerical simulations for long‐time solutions are plotted and the error graphs are plotted for the end of the simulations of all test problems.


Based on the primal mixed variational formulation, a stabilized nonconforming mixed finite element method is proposed for the linear elasticity on rectangular and cubic meshes. Two kinds of penalty terms are introduced in the stabilized mixed formulation, which are the jump penalty term for the displacement and the divergence penalty term for the stress. We use the classical nonconforming rectangular and cubic elements for the displacement and the discontinuous piecewise polynomial space for the stress, where the discrete space for stress are carefully chosen to guarantee the well-posedness of discrete formulation. The stabilized mixed method is locking-free. The optimal convergence order is derived in the L 2 -norm for stress and in the broken H 1 -norm and L 2 -norm for displacement. A numerical test is carried out to verify the optimal convergence of the stabilized method.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the role of fetal 4th ventricle choroid plexus (4th V-CP) in the presence of an open fourth ventricle, when the cerebellar vermis is normal.

METHODS
Two groups of patients were recruited in two Fetal Medicine referral Centers: the prospectively collected control group included singleton pregnancies with a normal sonographic examination after first trimester combined screening for chromosomal abnormalities and normal outcome recruited in the period 2019- 2022.The study group was selected retrospectively by searching our databases to identify all cases with an isolated open 4th ventricle and a normal anatomy and size of the vermis. The inclusion criteria of the study group were: (1) gestational age between 20 and 22 weeks; (2) a brain stem vermis (BV) angle ≥18° in the mid-sagittal plane with an otherwise normal cerebellum and vermis; (3) 4th V-CP visible and seen separately from the vermis; (4) absence of other intra- and extracranial anomalies; (5) prenatal and/or postnatal MRI available.

RESULTS
Up on the 169 cases of the control group, the 4th V-CP was seen separately from the vermis and was noticed to progressively fill the space caudal to the 4th ventricle, between the vermis and brainstem. From 12 to 22 weeks the areas of the vermis and the medial portion of the 4th V-CP increased progressively with advancing gestation (p<0.0001). Intra and interobserver correlations showed good reproducibility for the measurements. Among the cases with open fourth ventricle and normal vermis, in 41 fetuses (study group) was retrospectively feasible to visualize the 4th V-CP separately from the inferior part of the vermis. In 5 of these cases, the open 4thV was due to a small CP. In all 41 fetuses the diagnosis at MRI was isolated upward rotation of the cerebellar vermis (URCV), and no additional anomalies were found.

CONCLUSIONS
Closure of the 4th ventricle is determined from the 4th ventricle choroid plexus and not only from the vermis. In fact a small CP may represent another cause of open fourth ventricle. Therefore, the need to visualize these two structures separately is crucial to increase the possibility of discriminating among the different causes of open 4th ventricle at anomaly scan and its clinical role. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Over 50% of patients with renal failure do not have access to the life-saving treatments of dialysis and transplantation due to a lack of transplantable organs and the hi...


I begin this paper with some broad generalisations about the history of anglicanism in relation to healing. I shall contend that in East and Central Africa over the last hundred years there were simultaneously present and interacting with each other a number of tendencies which in Europe had developed over a much longer period. Thus in some ways the religious history of colonial Africa is an intensification and telescoping of the religious history of Europe. I am assuming, then, that in England by the end of the 17th century anglicanism had come to repudiate 'enthusiasm' and the visible manifestations of the Holy Spirit, partly for reasons of social control. I am assuming that this more or less closed the door on spiritual healing within 18th century anglicanism and produced the characteristically 'cool' anglican tone. Wesley brought back into the Church of England a universe of spirits and spiritual healings and exorcisms but all this went off into early methodism and out of the 19th-century Anglican church. In this 19th-century church, before it reached out into Central African mission, a number of superficially contradictory developments took place. There was an interaction of church and medical 'establishments' which led to anglican involvement in public health programmes and to an intellectual commitment to the 'divine' origins of modern medical science. At the same time there was a revival, particularly in the countryside, of communal rituals designed to create feelings of solidarity despite the realities of class division.


Although several reasonable physical processes have been proposed to account for the initial energy release in transient events on strongly magnetized neutron stars, and although the manifestation of this activity as a burst of X- or gamma-radiation evidently results from the Compton upscattering of soft photons by relativistic electrons, a self-consistent picture for the particle acceleration itself is lacking. Here, a detailed model is developed in which sheared Alfven waves generated by the energized stellar crust (e.g., due to a starquake) accelerate the changes to large Lorentz factors. For canonical stellar parameters and a burst energy of about 10 to the 37th ergs, the maximum attainable Lorentz factor is gamma(max) 50m, where m (of about 2-3/cm) characterizes the shear of the magnetic perturbation. This value of gamma(max) is consistent with the particle energy required to produce the most energetic gamma-rays (of about 10-100 MeV) observed in gamma-ray bursts.


The dropshaft structure is usually applied in an urban drainage system to connect the shallow pipe network and the deep tunnel. By using the renormalization group (RNG) k~ε turbulence model with a volume of fluid method, the flow pattern and the maximum relative water depth over a stepped dropshaft with a different central angle of step were numerically investigated. The calculated results suggested that the flow in the stepped dropshaft was highly turbulent and characterized by deflection during the jet caused by the curvature of the sidewall. According to the pressure distribution on the horizontal step and the flow pattern above the step, the flow field was partitioned into the recirculating region, the wall-impinging region and the mixing region. In addition, with the increase in the central angle of step, the scope of the wall-impinging region and the mixing region increased and the scope of the recirculating region remained nearly unchanged. The maximum water depth increased with the increase in discharge. In the present work we have shown that, as the value of the central angle of step increased, the maximum water depth decreased initially and increased subsequently.


The Spatial Organization of Federalist Philadelphia, 1790 American urban history suffers from a serious disjuncture between the approach taken by early American historians as opposed to that taken by social scientists and historians of the nineteenth century. The sources for early America are different from those that can be employed for cities after 1840. Trends that have been extensively studied for the later period in American history have been either ignored or assumed away for the earlier. This break is particularly unfortunate because its timing also coincides with the onset of industrialization. It has been too easy to assume that many phenomena associated with the division of space in modern American cities were caused by industrialization because they are perceived to have begun with industrialization.


In this book, author Cox presents 65 carefully chosen articles from current Albanian newspapers. His intent is to provide " beginning and intermediate students of the Albanian language with a collection of authentic materials " (p. xi), in keeping with an encouraging trend in foreign language education that favors the use of materials created by native speakers for real purposes (as opposed to artificially constructed dialogues or highly edited and oversimplified reading passages). The newspapers in question are, out of the Albanian capital of Tirana, Rilindja Demokratike, Republika, and Zëri i Popullit; out of Skopje (Macedonia), Flaka; and out of Switzerland (but formerly out of Prishtina in Kosova), Rilindja. The selections cover the period of 1995 to mid-1996 and treat a wide range of topics, including various current events, such as visits by foreign dignitaries, football matches, academic conferences, and Mother Teresa's doings, as well as news of Albanian affairs abroad (e.g., a lecture on Kosova at the University of Wisconsin, showings of Albanian films in Montreal, etc.), interviews (e.g., with noted Albanian author Ismail Kadare), and the like. Each of the selections, which range in length from 4 lines to 60 lines, is accompanied by an individual glossary that gives the meaning of words occurring in that passage for the first time in the Reader and a few explanatory notes, as needed, often covering some aspect of the external context of an event reported on in the article. There is a substantial (44-page) composite glossary at the end of the book that recapitulates in one place all of the individual vocabulary lists. In addition, there is a bibliography of two-plus pages with a listing of dictionaries, grammars, histories, and such; not all of the books will be readily available, since many are published in the Balkans, but it is useful for the user at least to know about them. Cox has made very few changes in the articles, fixing just some obvious typographical errors. The resulting articles are not always the most elegant prose (and indeed, some are


Pract. 2015;3(5):669-675. 6. Rai R, Shenoy MM, Viswanath V, Sarma N, Majid I, Dogra S. Contact sensitivity in patients with venous leg ulcer: a multi-centric Indian study. Int Wound J. 2018;15(4):618-622. 7. Tavadia S, Bianchi J, Dawe RS, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis in venous leg ulcer patients. Contact Dermatitis. 2003;48(5):261-265. 8. DaoH Jr, Fricker C, Nedorost ST. Sensitization prevalence for benzalkonium chloride and benzethonium chloride.Dermatitis. 2012;23(4):162-166. 9. Koo FP, Piletta-Zanin P, Politta-Sanchez S, Milingou M, Saurat JH. Allergic contact dermatitis to carboxymethylcellulose in comfeel hydrocolloid dressing. Contact Dermatitis. 2008;58(6):375-376. 10. Wright S. Contact allergy to dibrompropamidine cream. Contact Dermatitis. 1983;9(3):226. SUPPORTING INFORMATION Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of this article.


Objective To investigate the clinical features of non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis and analyze the therapeutic effect of nasal endoscopic surgery on non-invasive fungal sinusitis.Methods The clinical characteristics of 38 patients with non-invasive fungal sinusitis in our department between January 2008 and July 2011 were analyzed retrospectively.The therapeutic effect of nasal endoscopic surgery was summarized.Results All of the 38 patients were cured by the one-time treatment without recurrence during the follow-up of 1-3 years.And none of them had serious complication.Conclusions Radical elimination of lesion sites under nasal endoscope is a safe and effective therapeutic method for non-invasive fungal sinusitis.The method has the advantages of small operation wound,little adverse effects and better curative effect.

Key words:
Fungal sinusitis ;  Non-invasive ;  Endoscopy


The study of the ionosphere using the Faraday rotation effect has been undertaken recently by means of rocket, satellite, and moon echo experiments. Different approximations have been used by different authors, resulting in methods with different degrees of complexity, and it is possible to say that the more accurate a method is, the more difficult its application becomes. However, the use of modern high-speed digital computers offers the possibility of using more complex methods in the solution of this problem, The program described in this report was written for the ILLIAC, the digital computer of the University of Illinois. Only the general features common to most digital computers will be mentioned. This program was prepared having in mind the analysis of the Faraday rotation effect, as recorded from artificial satellites. It is intended to be as general as possible in the conditions imposed on the assumed propagating medium: specifically there are no restrictions on the models of the electron density distribution and the earth's magnetic fields. long as the ray theory Ls valid. The program will trace separately the ordinary and the extraordinary mode, and it will find the virtual phase path length of a ray of each mode between the transmitter (satellite) and a receiver (station). The difference between respective phase path-lengths is related to the Faraday rotation through a constant which depends on the frequency.


The objective of the present study was to assess the self-concept of 40 children of both sexes aged 7 to 10 years, enrolled in 1st and 2nd grade in a public school in the municipality of Uberaba, MG, of at least medium low intellectual level, divided into two groups: G1, consisting of 20 children with learning difficulties who were enrolled in a complementary program denoted Alternative Teaching in addition to the regular school program, and G2, consisting of 20 children with no learning difficulties, enrolled in a regular school program with good performance. The instruments used were: Progressive Color Matrices - Childhood Raven - Special Scale and the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale-Revised Manual. G1 children were found to have significantly lower overall self-concept and intellectual status scores, as well as significantly lower popularity than G2 children.


The effects of central and peripheral administration of a prostaglandin E2 analogue (enprostil) on colonic transit time, faecal dry matter and colonic myoelectrical activity, were examined in rats chronically fitted with a cannula in a lateral ventricle of the brain and a catheter inserted in the lumen of the proximal colon, or nichrome electrodes implanted on the proximal colon. In control studies, the mean retention time (MRT) of a marker ([51Cr] sodium chromate) administered into the proximal colon and determined in the faeces collected at hourly intervals was 7.3 ± 1.7 h, the frequency of colonic long spike bursts was 59.1 ± 9.1/h and faecal dry matter (DM) 65.4 ± 3.4%. Enprostil administered orally (350 μg/kg) decreased colonic MRT (4.9 ± 0.6 h) and faecal DM (50.1 ± 3.2%) and increased by 68% the colonic myoelectric index. Administered intracerebroventricularly enprostil (12 μg/kg) also accelerated colonic transit (MRT = 5.1 ± 1.6 h) and decreased faecal DM (48.7 ± 3.4%) but did not modify colonic spiking activity. Intraperitonal administration of the PG receptor antagonist SC‐19220 (1 mg/kg) did not affect the effects of enprostil administered centrally on MRT and DM but blocked the action of oral enprostil on colonic transit time, DM and colonic spiking activity. Centrally administered, SC‐19220 (100 μg/kg) antagonized the effects of oral enprostil on colonic transit and faecal DM but not on colonic spiking activity. It is concluded that in rats the enprostil‐induced acceleration of colonic transit involves a peripheral action on colonic motility and a secretory component which is centrally mediated. Moreover these results show that colonic hypersecretion, but not hypermotility, can alone accelerate colonic transit.


Stress, fatigue, and workload affect worker performance. NSF reported that 61% of respondents state losing concentration at work while 79% occasionally or frequently made errors as a result of being fatigued. Shift work, altered work schedules, long hours of continuous wakefulness, and sleep loss can create sleep and circadian disruptions that degrade waking fundions causing stress and fatigue. Review of the literature has proven void of information that links the combined effects of fatigue, stress, and workload to human performance. This paper will address which occupational factors within stress, fatigue, and workload were identified as occupational contributors to performance changes. The results of this research will be apglied to underlying models and algorithms that will help predict performance changes in control room operators.


This paper presents an overview of previous work and new insights on noise in Si‐based MOSFETs with high‐k gate dielectrics. Results for Al2O3, HfO2, HfAlOx and composite structures of these materials will be reported and compared. Incorporation of strained SiGe in high‐k pMOSFETs in order to enhance hole mobility will be discussed in terms of low‐frequency noise. A comparison will be made between devices with a surface Si channel, a surface SiGe channel and a buried SiGe channel. The influence of the gate electrode material and presence of a thin interfacial layer will be investigated. We will discuss noise modeling and highlight important differences compared to CMOS devices with standard gate oxide. Finally, we will discuss possible ways to reduce the 1/f noise in high‐k MOSFETs. A noise reduction by a factor of two is obtained by forward biasing the substrate.


A receiving circuit applied to marine acoustics system, i.e 1 Bit Polarity Coincidence Correlator, is described. Normally, problems such as the narrow interval between channels, the noise disturbance, and the power supply with battery working long time, etc exist in marine acoustics signal transmission system. accordingly, the receiver should be characterized by narrowband filtering,high Signal to Noise Ratio and very low power dissipation. Normal analog filter or digital filter doesn't meet the demand. 1 Bit Polarity Coincidence Correlator exactly solves the problem. With its simple circuit configuration, good reliability and low power dissipation,the circuit will be used widely in marine acoustics system.


The article considers the statistical model of the analog information generation process in digital control systems for effective land use in the conditions of the digital economy formation. It is proposed to use the model for information quantitative assessment of the capabilities of BI-systems databases.


Shifting cultivation (Swidden) in a tradition of the Jinuo people in Xishuangbanna Dai National Autonomous Prefecture (Yunnan Province, southwestern part of China). The Jinuo, a minority in mountainous regions, places shifting cultivation at the centre of their lives.This rational and sustainable agricultural system is well suited to the ecological environment in their region. Hunting and gathering of wild plants and insects play a very important role in sustaining communities that practice shifting cultivation. The inhabitants of the area possess great knowledge about their environment and the forest, for example, "holly hill", which is their preserved forest. While shifting cultivation was an appropriate art under conditions of low population density and abundant forest resources, the inhabitants have been obliged to change their agricultural system fundamentally because of population growth since the 1950s. The decrease of forested areas in the southwestern end of China has been caused by this population growth and increased areas needed for shifting cultivation by the minority societies. Population growth is destructive to the sustainability of shifting cultivation, along with the introduction of a responsibility system for agricultural production in the 1980s. Today, minorities are keen on introducing cash crops on a large scale such as natural rubber, tea, and herbs for Chinese medicines under the control of government authorities. The Swidden may be declining and the fields will change to permanently cultivated land in the near future.


Question In critically ill medicalsurgical patients, what is the cost-effectiveness of dalteparin compared with unfractionated heparin (UFH) for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE)? Methods Design Prespecified economic analysis of a randomized controlled trial (Prophylaxis for Thromboembolism in Critical Care Trial [PROTECT]). ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00182143. The analysis used a health care payer perspective and an in-hospital time horizon. Setting A subset of 23 hospitals in Canada, Australia, the USA, Saudi Arabia, and Brazil. Patients Cost data were collected from 2344 of 3746 patients 18 years of age (mean age 61 y, 57% men) who weighed 45 kg, had an expected intensive care unit (ICU) stay 72 hours, and were eligible for dalteparin or UFH therapy. Exclusion criteria were contraindications to pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis or study drugs, or an indication for therapeutic anticoagulation or a specific study drug. Intervention Subcutaneous dalteparin, 5000 IU, once daily plus placebo injection (n =1169) or UFH, 5000 IU, twice daily (n =1175). Outcomes Clinical outcomes included deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), and major bleeding. Costs included medications, transfusions, laboratory and radiologic investigations, procedures, personnel, and other daily institution costs incurred during the ICU stay until death or hospital discharge. Cost data collected from 2344 patients were applied to 3724 patients for cost calculations and resource allocation. A cost-minimization approach was used. Main results Dalteparin and UFH did not differ for any DVT, HIT, or bleeding; dalteparin reduced PE (Table). Groups did not differ for per-patient in-hospital costs (Table). Sensitivity analysis showed that dalteparin would be less costly unless the acquisition cost increased from $8 to $179 per dose. At no threshold would reducing the cost of UFH favor this strategy. Conclusion For prevention of venous thromboembolism in critically ill medicalsurgical patients, dalteparin and unfractionated heparin did not differ for in-hospital costs or rates of deep venous thrombosis; dalteparin had lower rates of pulmonary embolism. Dalteparin vs unfractionated heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients* Outcomes Event rates At discharge Dalteparin Unfractionated heparin RRR (95% CI) Any DVT 7.4% 8.6% 6.7% (18 to 27) PE 1.3% 2.3% 49% (12 to 70) HIT 0.3% 0.6% 53% (35 to 84) Major bleeding 5.5% 5.6% 0% (33 to 24) Median cost/patient (IQR) Incremental cost (median difference) In-hospital costs $39508 (24676 to 71431) $40805 (24393 to 76139) $1297 (4398 to 1404) *DVT = deep venous thrombosis; HIT = heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; IQR = interquartile range; PE = pulmonary embolism; other abbreviations defined in Glossary. Calculated from control event rates and hazard ratios in Cook D, Meade M, Guyatt G, et al. Dalteparin versus unfractionated heparin in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1305-14. Costs were converted to 2013 US dollars. Commentary Critically ill patients have an increased risk for VTE (1), and current guidelines recommend low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or UFH thromboprophylaxis (2, 3). A recent systematic review showed that LMWH, compared with UFH, reduced PE, with no difference in major bleeding (4). However, the higher cost of LMWH over UFH has precluded broader use of LMWH for thromboprophylaxis in ICUs in North America. Fowler and colleagues report that dalteparin reduced PE and had similar or lower costs than UFH in the PROTECT trial. Sensitivity analysis of the prespecified economic analysis showed that dalteparin would be less costly than UFH unless the acquisition cost of dalteparin increased 20-fold (from $8 to $179 per dose). Potential cost-savings were attributed primarily to lower rates of PE and HIT, reduced overall resource use (personnel, laboratory, and radiologic investigations), and shorter hospital stays in the dalteparin group. It is important to recognize, however, that the variable costing and payment systems across different health care settings may limit the real cost-savings from using LMWH over UFH. The findings for dalteparin may not be replicated with other LMWHs, although a study of enoxaparin for VTE prophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients showed economic benefits (5). Overall, from a health care payer perspective, the savings realized from lower rates of PE and HIT, reduced resource use, and shorter hospital stays may offset the higher acquisition cost of dalteparin. Pending additional economic studies, a strong case can be made to currently favor LMWH over UFH for VTE prophylaxis in critically ill patients.


Auxotrophic mutants were isolated in two strains of Trichosporon cutaneum. Complementing auxotrophs were hybridized by protoplast fusion. Some of the fusants were apparently transient diploids and segregated to give recombinant marker combinations.


This article examines the factors, which contributed to integration of the global economy technologies in the accounting and statistics processes. In era of advanced digital technologies, all companies are connected with each other and communicate promptly. Besides, the methods of implementing major integration measures that influence the overall financial standing of a company are also important.


In an attempt to explore similar underlying components of attitude toward the elderly and the mentally ill, college undergraduates (183 males, 146 females) were administered Kogan's Attitudes toward Old People Scale, Cohen and Struening's Opinions about Mental Illness Scale, and an experimental scale measuring endorsement of deteriorative aspects of mental illness. A stepwise multiple-regression analysis indicated that the Authoritarianism factor, relative to the other factors and the deterioration scale, accounted for the overwhelmingly greater proportion of variance in Old People scores. Analyses of covariance showed that females scored higher on the Old People Scale and Mental Hygiene Ideology factor and lower on Authoritarianism.


Juvenile's and children's social education is an important task for the library, and the key of this task is to organize well juvenile's and children's activities outside school.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. It is still unclear whether the risk of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in adulthood remains increased if excess weight in adolescence recedes later in life. This study examines the effect of change in weight status from adolescence to young adulthood on the risk of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. A total of 4454 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years from the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (1994–1995) were followed up to young adulthood (25–32 years, 2007–2008). After a median follow-up time of 13 years, compared with normal weight in both adolescence and young adulthood (n=1328, 29.8%), excess weight in the 2 periods (n=1077, 24.2%) was associated with an increased risk of hypertension (odds ratio, 3.72 [95% CI, 2.86–4.84]) and diabetes mellitus (3.32 [2.11–5.21]). Normal weight in adolescence but excess weight in young adulthood (n=1983, 44.5%) was associated with a lower but still significant risk of hypertension (2.49 [1.98–3.15]) and diabetes mellitus (1.59 [1.01–2.51]). In contrast, the risk of hypertension (1.37 [0.64–2.95]) and diabetes mellitus (1.65 [0.45–6.05]) was low in the few participants with excess weight in adolescence but normal weight in young adulthood (n=66, 1.5%). In conclusion, excess weight in young adulthood was associated with an increased risk of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, irrespective of weight status in adolescence. In contrast, excess weight in adolescence but normal weight in young adulthood did not seem to be associated with an increased cardiovascular risk in young adulthood.


Northrop Grumman Space Technology (NGST) completed building and testing its Long Wave Hyperspectral Imaging Spectrometer (LWHIS) at the end of 2003. The instrument is a pushbroom sensor that operates in the 8 to 12.5 micron band, providing up to 256 contiguous spectral channels with 35 nm of dispersion per pixel. LWHIS was designed to operate from both ground and airborne platforms and to meet rigorous requirements for instrument performance and calibration. Since its completion, the instrument has undergone laboratory performance validation and has taken part in a number of ground and airborne imaging experiments. These experiments have led to system upgrades which have significantly improved the instrument's performance. This paper will describe the current LWHIS system, including upgrades, data correction and calibration processes, data processing rates, and demonstrate system performance using gas release experiments conducted at ground level.


The evolution of the Internet has enabled a significant increase in the quantity and variety of information that is daily published and disseminated. However this increase was not accompanied by the production of mechanisms for monitoring and evaluation to certify data as credible and reliable. The present study proposes to evaluate a set of 20 educational sites in support of learning Portuguese for students of the 3rd cycle of basic education. For this analysis was used a grid of evaluation of educational sites, designed from the study of literature and the analysis of the criteria on which it relies, which is divided into three main areas and is constituted by 53 items. After applying the evaluation grid to the 20 educational sites, proceeded to the collection and processing of data, so that, after the analysis and interpretation of information gathered, it was possible to draw meaningful conclusions that, somehow, contribute to the improvement of educational Web resources and justified the continuation of other research projects. A realizacao deste trabalho so foi possivel gracas a colaboracao de varias pessoas, as quais gostaria de agradecer. A Professora Manuela Barreto Nunes pela orientacao, pelo incentivo, pelo profissionalismo e pelas importantes contribuicoes para esta investigacao. Agradeco a todos os meus amigos pelo apoio e estimulo. Agradeco ainda a minha familia pela atencao, pela presenca, dedicacao e afeto. Agradeco ao meu marido Pedro, de forma muito especial, pela ajuda, pela compreensao, pela serenidade, pelo carinho, por tudo, obrigada.


This paper presents the main aspects of the FeedMAP project,which is co-funded by the European Commission. FeedMAP started in March 2006 and was building a cooperative map feedback and updating framework improving the cooperation between map data providers and map users. This concept will contribute to an improved transport efficiency and increased road safety by creating a sustainable source of map and update future navigation and in-vehicle applications.


Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of risperdone combining little dosage haloperidol on short time in the treatment of schizophrenia.Methods A total of 80 schizophrenia inpatients were randomly assigned into two groups:insight risperdone combining haloperidol therapy group(n=40) and clozapine alone therapy group(n=40).The efficacy was measured with the brief psychiatric rating scale(BPRS) The scale for assessment of positive symptoms(SAPS) and TESS for 8 weeks.Results Effects of both groups were similar in schizophrenic positive symptoms,risperdone combining little dosage haloperidol on short time may take effect earlier and there were no serious side effects.Conclusion Risperdone combining little dosage haloperidol on short time is well worth recommending for it is the relatively ideal method to restrainning schizophrenic positive symptoms of the patients.


This paper investigates the relationship between UK and China interest rates and stock prices from August 1993 to April 2005.The results show that there is one cointegrating vector among the variables.Further,the study finds that several long-term and short-term causalities exist in both countries.As for China,acceleration in financial reform should be made,while the degree and openness of market interest rates should be accelerated.


Ship launch air-bags are made of Chinlon tyre-cord fabrics with twine method. In this paper, the models of stress analysis are established. According to stress analysis the twine angle of Chinlon tyre-cord fabrics should be varied in accordance with the working height of launch air-bags. The study is done on how to choose the optimal twine angle. The calculation method of the optimal twine angle and the check method of the tyre-cord strength are presented. The optimal twine angle is adopted to fabricate the marine air-bags, which is helpful for the biggest impact and cost savings. It also makes the theory for the development of higher bearing capacity air-bag.


The high accuracy of iris recognition for person identification has led to its deployment for a variety of applications ranging from border access to mobile unlocking to digital payment. In addition, the commercial success of mobile devices for iris image acquisition enables the easy acquisition of iris images both in an indoor controlled environment as well as an uncontrolled outdoor environment. At the same time, iris recognition systems can easily be attacked using wearable contact lenses. In the literature, several contact lens detection algorithms are proposed; however, the significant drawback is the generalizability under unseen testing domain images. In this research, a novel 3D contact lens iris presentation attack detection algorithm is developed and extensive experiments are performed. The experiments are performed using multiple challenging iris presentation attack databases including the IIITD and LivDet. For the evaluation, we have utilized the experimental protocols, which reflect in-the-wild settings for 3D contact lens iris presentation attack detection where the images belong to both controlled and adverse imaging conditions. The comparison with several state-of-the-art algorithms establishes the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


This paper presents briefly the research and development of cell mapping methods. Several main cell mapping methods are summarized, including simple cell mapping, generalized cell mapping, digraph cell mapping, symbolic analysis method of digraph cell mapping, set-oriented method of digraph cell mapping, adjoining cell mapping, Poincare-like simple cell mapping, interpolated cell mapping and point mapping under cell reference. For these methods, basic features and characteristics are analyzed, and both domestic and foreign research developments are outlined. Furthermore, the research developments of cell mapping method for control and related fields are presented. Finally, the paper suggests some research prospects and some directions that may first be broken through in the research field of cell mapping method.


McCarthy's border fiction-to date, five novels including Blood Meridian (1985), All the Pretty Horses (1992), The Crossing (1994), Cities of the Plain (1998), and No Country for Old Men (2005)-demonstrates a committed interest in games and game playing. These works continually mobilize tarot cards, Monte and poker playing, chess, and coin flipping as harbingers of fate and chance as well as evidence of unique skill. Although relatively little is yet known about Cormac McCarthy's private life, conversations with McCarthy betray his sincere interest in games. Richard Woodward's 1992 New York Times Magazine interview locates McCarthy at a pool hall in a shopping mall in El Paso, Texas, where he "ignores the video games and rock-and-roll and patiently runs out the table. A skillful player, [McCarthy] was a member of a team at this place, an incongruous setting for a man of his conservative demeanor" ("Venomous"). Thirteen years later, in a 2005 Vanity Fair interview accompanying the release of No Country for Old Men, Woodward reports that one of McCarthy's longtime friends is legendary poker champion Betty Carey, and that McCarthy's current hangout is no longer a noisy pool hall, but a perhaps equally unlikely location: the Santa Fe Institute in New Mexico. At the Institute, known as a "hub for complex-systems theory," McCarthy attends workshops on "bounded inferences for decision-making in games" and follows the work of leading thinkers in chaos theory, such as J. Doyne Farmer, the famed "economist-physicist-gambler" ("Cormac Country").In what follows, I will look closely at games and game playing as they figure formally as well as thematically in McCarthy's most recent addition to his border fiction, No Country for Old Men. I base my argument on the ideas of Jean-Francois Lyotard, whose sociocultural analyses have become central to postmodern studies. The McCarthy text, I argue, "rewrites" postmodern jouissance through a deferral of narrational and thematic resolution. The narrative's plotting, its logic and dynamic, exhibits a type of "play" by refusing to develop toward a proper resolution between opposing forces. In this sense of "play," No Country for Old Men embodies the optimistic qualities of "usefulness" Lyotard associates with Cold War game theory: "Game theory, we think, is useful in the same sense that any sophisticated theory is useful, namely as a generator of ideas" (Postmodern 60). Ultimately, the novel's adherence to game-theoretic logic as well as its expression of unresolved tension demonstrates the "rewriting" of postmodern play.Playing GodIn McCarthy's border fiction, games and game playing are often associated with the work of narrative production. The workings of chance concern not only players engaged in parlor games, but also the serious storytellers populating McCarthy's fiction as they carefully-and strategically-craft their tales. McCarthy's narrators construct stories of "biblical gravity" to emphasize issues of life and death-the hallmark, according to McCarthy, of all "good writers" (Woodward, "Venomous").Nowhere in McCarthy's border fiction are the concerns of gaming, death, and narrative production so prevalent as in No Country for Old Men.1 The plot focuses on Llewelyn Moss, a thirty-six-year-old welder and Vietnam War veteran from Sanderson, Texas, and the various parties searching for him after he accidentally finds the site of a botched heroin deal and a document case containing $2.4 million. The two principle characters in this search are Terrell County Sheriff Ed Tom Bell and a mysterious assassin named Anton Chigurh, whom Bell thinks of as "a true and living prophet of destruction" (No Country for Old Men 4). At the carnage-laden scene of the heroin deal, Moss encounters a wounded man, dehydrated and asking for water. Moss does not have water, nor does he offer the man any other form of succor, but instead continues his examination of the scene, determined to find "the last man standing" (15). …


We construct a positive solution to a quasilinear parabolic problem in a bounded spatial domain with the p-Laplacian and a nonsmooth reaction function. We obtain nonuniqueness for zero initial data. Our method is based on suband supersolutions and the weak comparison principle. Using the method of suband supersolutions we construct a positive solution to a quasilinear parabolic problem with the p-Laplacian and a reaction function that is non-Lipschitz on a part of the spatial domain. Thereby we obtain nonuniqueness for zero initial data.


Despite great concern for drought‐driven forest mortality, the effects of frequent low‐intensity droughts have been largely overlooked in the boreal forest because of their negligible impacts over the short term. In this study, we used data from 6876 permanent plots distributed across most of the Canadian boreal zone to assess the effects of repeated low‐intensity droughts on forest mortality. Specifically, we compared the relative impact of sequential years under low‐intensity dry conditions with the effects of variables related to the intensity of dry conditions, stand characteristics, and local climate. Then, we searched for thresholds in forest mortality as a function of the number of years between two forest surveys affected by dry conditions of any intensity. Our results showed that, in general, frequent low‐intensity dry conditions had stronger effects on forest mortality than the intensity of the driest conditions in the plot. Frequent low‐intensity dry conditions acted as an inciting factor of forest mortality exacerbated by stand characteristics and environmental conditions. Overall, the mortality of forests dominated by shade‐tolerant conifers was significantly and positively related to frequent low‐intensity dry conditions, supporting, in some cases, the existence of thresholds delimiting contrasting responses to drought. In mixtures with broadleaf species, however, sequential dry conditions had a negligible impact. The effects of frequent dry conditions on shade‐intolerant forests mainly depended on local climate, inciting or mitigating the mortality of forests located in wet places and dominated by broadleaf species or jack pine, respectively. Our results highlight the importance of assessing not only climate‐driven extreme events but also repeated disturbances of low intensity. In the long term, the smooth response of forests to dry conditions might abruptly change leading to disproportional mortality triggered by accumulated stress conditions. Forest and wildlife managers should consider the cumulative effects of climate change on mortality to avoid shortfalls in timber and habitat.


The present situation of normal college students' curriculum consciousness and its influence factors are analyzed and the important sense of curriculum consciousness in learning period of normal students is emphasized.It is pointed out that the generation and formation of teachers' curriculum consciousness is a process from recognition and understanding to experience and generation and the learning period for individuals in normal schools is the ideal one for teachers' curriculum consciousness construction.Finally,from the normal students themselves,teachers and schools,the ways and means of generating free normal student curriculum consciousness are pointed out.


The extension $k \mapsto \mu^{\boxplus k}$ of the concept of a free convolution power to the case of non-integer $k \geq 1$ was introduced by Bercovici-Voiculescu and Nica-Speicher, and related to the minor process in random matrix theory. In this paper we give two proofs of the monotonicity of the free entropy and free Fisher information of the (normalized) free convolution power in this continuous setting, and also establish an intriguing variational description of this process.


Abstract Introduction This study aimed to determine the upper and lower incisors to points A and B on lateral cephalogram and study model in North Indian population. This article evaluated the present relationship of upper and lower incisors position to point A and B on the cephalogram and studied the model as a diagnostic tool for orthodontic treatment planning. Materials and Methods The study included 32 patients, aged 15 to 25 years. The sample was divided into two groups as group I (n = 32, cephalometric analysis) and group II (n = 32, study model analysis) of the same patient. In group I incisors position was related to points A and B on the cephalograms and in group II incisors position was related to points A and B on study model by using transparent grid. Results As per Indian norms, outcome mean value for cephalometric norms was 6.3 and 3.2 mm and for study model norms was 4 and 1.3 mm. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.002) were observed for mandibular incisor position on cephalograms and for maxillary incisors (p < 0.001) on study casts when compared with Chile sample norm. Conclusion The anteroposterior position of upper and lower incisors in relation to points A and B on cephalogram and casts has been determined in North Indian patients.


The purpose of this study is to explore the employability skills required in different countries/cultures and to further explore how cultural differences influence teaching/learning techniques required to equip students with required employability skills. Data were collected from 158 human resource managers working in different organizations and 169 faculty members who were engaged in teaching business graduates in four culturally different countries: Australia, China, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan. SPSS version 20 was used to calculate the average and compute the values. Results of this study indicated that employability skills for business graduates vary among different counties/cultures but the five employability skills are common regardless of cultural differences: entry-level digital skills, problem-solving skills, organizational skills, decision making, and goal-oriented skills. In addition, the findings of this study also indicated that teaching/learning techniques such as case studies, conventional lectures, and simulations, etc., are not completely culture-sensitive and could be used in almost every country/culture. The findings of this study will be helpful for higher educational institutions, vocational training centers, and other stakeholders to use in determining the most effective teaching/learning techniques to equip the students with the employability skills required in their country/culture including common employability skills and make their graduates more employable.


The text analyses the part played by the censure in Brazil, during the sixties and the seventies — the plays, music, television, books and the movies, mainly, as emphasizes this article, were condemned and forbidden by the military government, owing to the fear of the entrance of the communism in the nation. The author makes, also, a short explanation of the political situation — the dictatorship, the doctrine of national security, the perfomance of the Church. Nevertheless, only with the New Republic, in 1985, the censure was over.


Objective:Help the patient to understand various nursing questions of this disease and improve treatment success ratio. Methods: make use of nursing procedure to carry on the evaluation of physiology and mental aspect to the patients and their families members. Analyze and discover some nursing problems, and draw up and implement a nursing plan. Results: functional restoration of the patients is favorable, and the cure rate attains 83.3% . Conclusion: The prevention of complications and all-round care can reduce mortality and contribute to patients' recovery


This article presents a modest version of James Meade's vision of a community fund, to be managed by commercial fund managers, with the aim of filling the hole in the public finances which can arise because the ned for critical healthcare and education grows faster than GDP. The author argues that, with profits representing and increasing share of GDP, it is essential for government revenues to have some relationship with increases in the value of capital. He suggests tightening up loopholes in inheritance tax and hypothecating the proceeds to a community fund so that wealth would "cascade down the generations" in the name of the community. He also suggests levying a variety of small-scale taxes in the form of scrip, with the shares being held by the community fund. The income of the fund would then be directed to education and healthcare.