A simple method to detect the boundaries of a road from images is proposed. General considerations for the calculation of a bird's-eye view transformation and the use of histograms are established. A high-level algorithm is developed and implemented at RTL level, which is further synthesized for an FPGA.


To rescue vesicular stomatitis virus recombinants expressing E2 protein of CSFV,four plasmids expressing nucleoprotein,phosphoprotein,polymerase and E2 protein were co-transfected into BHK-21 cells.Western blot,indirect ELISA,and microneutralization assay were applied to identify the pseudovirus.Results showed that E2 protein was expressed in cells,antibodies against E2 existed in the sera of Balb/c mice immuned with the pseudovirus.Furthermore,the antibodies can neutralize pseudotyped virus HIV-luc/CSFV-E1E2 expressing E1 and E2 proteins of CSFV.


Structural and melting characteristics are investigated for negatively charged dust particles in the presence of a two‐dimensional electrostatic parabolic confinement potential. For a restricted number of dust particles that are subject to the permanent flow of electrons and ions, numerical simulation is conducted taking into account the random charge fluctuation. The amplitude of the charge fluctuation affects the ground‐state configuration and melting characteristics of a finite number of particles interacting through Coulomb potential. The melting temperature decreases when the amplitude of the charge fluctuation increases as a result of particles' strong repulsive interaction.


The main object of this paper is to show the following generalization of a Buckley's theorem and Asaad's theorem:Let H be a normal subgroup of a finite group G such that G/H is suppersolvable. If 〈x〉 is pronormal in NG(P) for every element x of P∩Gp-N with order p or 4(when p=2),where p is any prime divisor of |H|,P is a Sylow p-subgroup of H and Gp-N is the p-nilpotent residual of G,then G is supersolvable.


To investigate effects on glucose and amino acid (AA) metabolism and neuroendocrine regulation of energy homoeostasis and GH-IGF system growth regulation, Atlantic salmon were fed high levels of plant protein (PP) and vegetable oil (VO) for 1 year and compared to fish fed intermediate levels or a control diet based on fish meal and fish oil. All plant-fed groups had reduced liver glucokinase mRNA and increased muscle glycogen compared to the control group. As digestible starch was highest in the control diet, the increased muscle glycogen might be related to other factors such as lower levels of lysine or higher levels of glucogenic AAs. There were minor effects on transcription of genes related to leptin, ghrelin and GH-IGF system. However, muscle growth hormone receptor was elevated in fish fed high PP, probably related to lipolytic action in these fish. Fish fed high levels of both PP and VO simultaneously had elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase and glucose and of pentose phosphate pathway enzymes. Furthermore, this group had elevated concentrations of some free AAs, especially proline. These results support interaction effects when both high levels of PP and VO are used together, which needs to be considered in the formulation of aquafeeds.


This case series uses postmarketing data to evaluate the incidence of injection site necrosis after 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine use in the global market.


A total of 62 Peste des Petits ruminants (PPR) outbreaks in sheep and goat flocks were investigated in Pakistan during 2005-2007. The presence of PPR virus (PPRV) was confirmed by clinical picture, necropsy examination, Ic-ELISA, virus isolation and RT-PCR. Of 397 tissue samples, 65% tested positive by Ic-ELISA. Six PPR virus isolates were obtained through cell culture on VERO or GKC cell from 61Ic-ELISA positive samples identified by characteristic CPEs and confirmed by testing the cell culture supernatant by Ic-ELISA and RT-PCR using PPRV specific F gene based primers. The sequence data of F gene from 6 isolates was analyzed for identities and a phylogenetic tree was generated based on 372bp F gene sequences of PPRV. The isolates were clustered into lineage 4 along with other Asian isolates. The recent isolates and a previous isolate from Pakistan (PAK-2004) were found to be monophyletic having close relationship with an Indian isolate (IND-PON).


In this paper, we propose a machine vision approach for detecting local irregular brightness in low-contrast surface images and, especially, focus on mura (brightness non-uniformity) defects in Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) panels. A mura defect embedded in a low-contrast surface image shows no distinct intensity from its surrounding region, and even worse, the sensed image may also present uneven illumination on the surface. All these make the mura defect detection in low-contrast surface images extremely difficult. A set of basis images derived from defect-free surface images are used to represent the general appearance of a clear surface. An image to be inspected is then constructed as a linear combination of the basis images, and the coefficients of the combination form the feature vector for discriminating mura defects from clear surfaces. In order to find minimum number of basis images for efficient and effective representation, the basis images are designed such that they are both statistically independent and spatially exclusive. An independent component analysis-based model that finds both the maximum negentropy for statistical independency and minimum spatial correlation for spatial redundancy is proposed to extract the representative basis images. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method can effectively detect various mura defects in low-contrast LCD panel images.


Hadley Cells are thermally driven cell in the tropics. On its occurrence, these cells are strongly influenced by the sea surface temperature (SST) distribution across the tropical ocean or the Pacific Ocean as the investigated location in this study. The SST shifting in the Pacific Ocean is mainly due to the ENSO. An opposite SST polarity between the western and eastern Pacific Ocean are captured during ENSO events. This means that ENSO could trigger an anomalous regional Hadley Cells that behave oppositely between Indonesia or the western Pacific and the eastern Pacific. This study examines the strength of the regional Hadley Cells related to the ENSO event across the Indonesian region and the Pacific Ocean. A significant correlation between the Hadley Cells and ENSO as the tropical climate variability in the Pacific Oceans are found. The strength of the Hadley Cells associated with ENSO event is examined by using the zonally average vertical velocity across the Pacific Ocean. During La Nina, the regional Hadley Cells over Indonesia or the western Pacific strengthened, whereas the regional cells over the eastern Pacific weakened. In contrast, during El Nino where the warm pool shifted to the eastern Pacific, the regional cell in the eastern Pacific strengthened, while the cell over the western Pacific weakened. These anomalous conditions clearly show that the meridional temperature gradient is strongly affecting the regional Hadley Cells strength. The stronger the meridional temperature gradient, the stronger the regional Hadley Cells.


Synchronization strings are recently introduced by Haeupler and Shahrasbi [1] in the study of codes for correcting insertion and deletion errors (insdel codes). A synchronization string is an encoding of the indices of the symbols in a string, and together with an appropriate decoding algorithm it can transform insertion and deletion errors into standard symbol erasures and corruptions. This reduces the problem of constructing insdel codes to the problem of constructing standard error correcting codes, which is much better understood. Besides this, synchronization strings are also useful in other applications such as synchronization sequences and interactive coding schemes. For all such applications, synchronization strings are desired to be over alphabets that are as small as possible, since a larger alphabet size corresponds to more redundant information added.

Haeupler and Shahrasbi [1] showed that for any parameter e > 0, synchronization strings of arbitrary length exist over an alphabet whose size depends only on e. Specifically, [1] obtained an alphabet size of O(e−4), which left an open question on where the minimal size of such alphabets lies between Ω(e-1) and O(e-4). In this work, we partially bridge this gap by providing an improved lower bound of Ω(e-3/2), and an improved upper bound of O (e-2). We also provide fast explicit constructions of synchronization strings over small alphabets.

Further, along the lines of previous work on similar combinatorial objects, we study the extremal question of the smallest possible alphabet size over which synchronization strings can exist for some constant e < 1. We show that one can construct e-synchronization strings over alphabets of size four while no such string exists over binary alphabets. This reduces the extremal question to whether synchronization strings exist over ternary alphabets.


Objective To study the effect of equisetum n-butanol extract on the apoptosis and Fas/FasL expression of arterial smooth muscle cell(ASMC) in rats with early atherosclerosis(AS).Method Fourty SD rats were divided into four groups: the normal control group,the model group,the gemfibrozil treating group and the equisetum extract treating group.The early AS model was reproduced by high fat diet.The model rats were administered with equisetum extract prophylactically,while gemfibrozil was used as positive control drug.After nine weeks,the rate of apoptosis and the Fas/FasL expression of ASMC were detected by the flow cytometry,and the morphological changes of aorta were observed under the light microscopy.Results The rate of apoptosis and the Fas/FasL expression of ASMCs in the equisetum treating group were both higher than those of the model group(P 0.01,P0.05),and the degree of atherosclerotic lesion was less than that of the model group.Conclusion Equisetum extract can regulate the expression of Fas/FasL and promote the apoptosis of ASMC of early AS to prevent the progression of early atherosclerosis.


This project seeks to extract numerical data from a two dimensional graph. The motivation is to obtain soil density information from well logs, where the original numerical data is unavailable. The first step is to locate the grid lines. This may be achieved by a Hough transform of the image containing the graph. In the Hough transform, the grid lines appear as a regular pattern of peaks, with each peak corresponding to a grid line. The parameters of each grid line are obtained, enabling the grid lines to be removed from the image. The image now contains only the graph line, which may be scanned to extract the data values. The resultant data is processed to eliminate noise and to interpolate between breaks in the graph. Finally the coordinates are transformed from pixel units to the graph units, using the grid information extracted previously. This procedure also corrects for axis rotation in the captured image frame. With optimisation this method allows for fast and simple extraction of data, usable under a large range of applications.


Damping property of 4 kinds' fiber reinforced concrete with various contents of air-entraining agent is measured by self-designed 3-point flexure beam damping measurement instrument.The effects of various contents of air-entraining agent on pore structure of fiber concrete are investigated by the air contained instrument and the mercury intrusion porosimetry,and the micro-structures of fiber concrete with various pores are observed by the scanning electron microscopy.The experiment results show that the increase of the contents of air-entraining agent in the fiber concrete results the enhancement of damping ability of the fiber concrete,but the enhancement of damping ability is not obvious when the content is up to a certain value.The plentiful pores and air bubbles like soft cushion which induced by the certain content of air-entraining agent contributed to the damping ability of fiber concrete when the concrete suffered by the external vibration.


AIM To study the expression of human leukocytic antigen DR (HLA DR) in primary human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the boosting effect of interferon (IFN) on it. METHODS The expression of HLA DR in 46 human HCC tissues and 4 cultured human HCC cell lines (SMMC 7721, HCC 9204, BEL 7402 and HHCC) was detected with immunohistochemical ABC method and flow cytometer, respectively. The expression of HLA DR in the above 4 HCC cell lines and a normal human liver cell line QZG was detected with ELISA method before and after being stimulated by IFN γ or IFN α, respectively. RESULTS The tumor cells of 39.1% (18 cases/ 46 cases) of the HCC tissues expressed HLA DR, while all the normal liver cells immediately adjacent to HCC were HLA DR negative. On the whole, HLA DR was negative in all of the 4 kinds of HCC cell lines. The expression of HLA DR was enhanced in all of the above 5 cell lines after being stimulated by IFN γ or IFN α. It was less obvious in QZG than in HCC cells. The effect of IFN γ was more obvious than that of IFN α. CONCLUSION The HCC tissues can express HLA DR to some extent. On the whole, the cultured HCC cell lines do not express HLA DR. IFN can enhance the expression of HLA DR in HCC cells.


The Sri Lanka Sports Medicine Association (SLSMA) is organizing the 4th Scientific Sessions this year in collaboration with the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and National Olympic Committee (NOC) of Sri Lanka under the theme "Exercise is Medicine Exercise is Wellness" from 24th to 26th November 2018 at Olympic House, Colombo, Sri Lanka. The event is endorsed by the Asian Federation of Sports Medicine (AFSM).


The invention relates to a method and apparatus for individually defrost the evaporators of a refrigeration system. Each evaporator is provided with a refrigeration and defrost particular control and the various individual controls are connected to a main control which prevents the simultaneous defrosting of all the evaporators. The main control signux provides time for the various individual controls that can start the defrost its associated evaporator or on a programmed hourly basis or upon request. The time switch comprises a device that interrogates the individual commands in a special way to start the defrosting evaporators on a priority order. The manual command also allows testing of individual commands during which the operation of the other individual commands is prevented.


In recent years considerable efforts have been directed towards the numerical modelling of FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete beams, slabs and columns. For beams and slabs, the FRP/concrete interfacial behaviour has been a topic of study by a number of researchers, and good progress has been achieved with regard to the development of analytical and modelling approaches for simulating the various debonding phenomena. This paper first focuses on the numerical models for reinforced concrete beams and slabs, and the associated FRP strengthening schemes for flexure and shear. This confirms that the major challenges are the proper simulation of the FRP/concrete interfaces and the complex behaviour of concrete in such applications. In the second part of this paper, a brief discussion of the modelling of FRP-confined concrete columns is given.


In today's scenario, in order to meet load demand in the distribution system, DG units play a key role in reducing real and reactive power losses. A rise in the demand for the distribution system at the loading centers has been overcome by growing in power generation. One solution to meeting the necessary load demand is to mitigate loss of power in the distribution system. Real Power can be maximized across the network by decreasing the system's reactive power losses. This paper introduces a new analytical approach as well as a new Power Voltage Sensitivity Factor (PVSF) constant that defines the optimal DG size and position. An objective function is utilized to determine the loss of reactive power when reinforced with distributed generators (DGs). To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, the radial distribution system has been evaluated on the standard IEEE 69-bus and outcomes obtained are contrasted to other approaches.


This article describes the composition and function of CT data acquisition system,and the functional analysis of each component helps to solve the failures when it runs.


Background: There is a lack of studies showing the overall impact of multi‐detector computed tomography (MDCT) on the treatment of critically ill patients in a general intensive care unit (ICU) setting.


We carried out a large number of experimental studies before Banan expressway excavation and fill roadbed vibration compaction to determine the vibration rolling compaction method,compaction times,compaction rate and other experimental data.This improves the degree of compaction of the roadbed,the overall strength and bearing capacity,accelerates the roadbed under settlement,reduces the after settlement,and reaches our intended purpose.By YZ18 roller,the application of Banan expressway construction is to provide a certain reference in the other foundation fill vibration rolling road.


A study was undertaken to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in the ground water from landfill leachiest in Abokobi, a suburb of Accra. Nine wells were excavated from the landfill site and the concentrations for heavy metal such as cadmium, arsenic, lead, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel and iron were monitored using wet digestion technique. HCl and HNO3 were used followed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The heavy metals were quantified using external calibration with standards. Copper had the highest mean concentration of 1.22 mg/l in well (3). This is below the maximum admissible and desirable limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO), an international organization. Chromium recorded the minimum mean concentration of 0.002 mg/l and this was found in wells 2,3 and 5. Generally the study revealed that 94.5 % of water samples had mean concentrations below the WHO maximum admissible and desirable limit.


This paper presents the Slim&Healthy system, focusing on the control of obesity in adults and aiming at the adoption of healthy habits. The system consists of two parts: a) an Android application on the client mobile device; b) an application on a server. The paper integrates different theories to increase user motivation, such as gamification, social networks, design heuristics for mobile devices and behavioral theories. It was performed an evaluation of the application interface through a questionnaire adherent to standards ISO 9241-11 and ABNT ISO/IEC 25062:2011, and the results are presented for discussion.


Besides its high mortality rates, COVID-19 disease has dramatic psychosocial and psychological effects worldwide. There are significant reports of mental issues, panic attacks, anxiety, depression, and financial difficulties, and the effects continue to persist months after recovery [1]. The disease itself multipliedgic by many other problems like post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, change in behaviors. All these have a significant impact on their lives [1]. It also has adverse effects on pregnancy. COVID-19 has affected the mother as well as the child's health. There are many panic and anxiety issues. Many deaths were not even reported. Coronavirus pandemic has led to many health and mental illnesses. Many lockdowns led to financial difficulties and problems in the present and future.
Long-term neuropsychiatric effects may be caused by more than only the massive psychological trauma suffered during the outbreak.
Poor developmental outcomes in offspring have been associated with prenatal psychological distress, including abnormalities in brain development 4, 7, and worse socio-emotional and cognitive development.
This article tends to define the psychosocial (psychosocial remove) impact of COVID-19 on students, health workers, pregnant women, how their lives and mental health are affected worldwide. COVID-19 affected the workplace. Stress throughout pregnancy and early life has been linked to cancer lately. It has affected many lives in agricultural areas, economic-financial losses. Current reports put forward feasible passing on vertical coronavirus, although longitudinal studies offspring are needed. The paternal infection on the offspring and generational upshot can be contemplated.


Aim. The aim of this work is to present a qualitative analysis of the movie proposals prepared by preservice teachers in the context of an educational experience around the ecofeminist movement. The responses to a final questionnaire about sustainability awareness are also analysed.
Methods. The participants were 47 alumni of the Grades of Early Childhood Education and Primary Education at a Spanish university. After a lecture about ecofeminism and reading a series of fragments of the young literature novel Yabarí by Lola Robles (2017), preservice teachers had to prepare the proposal for an ecofeminist movie, with a synopsis, plot, characters description, cast, and the script for a key scene. To assess the experience the students completed a questionnaire about different aspects of the proposal at the end of the semester, along with a validated questionnaire about sustainability awareness.
Results and conclusion. The analysis of the ecofeminist movies prepared and the responses to the questionnaires shows how the students were able to assimilate the ecofeminist thesis and incorporate them to their reflection about sustainability. This is also manifested in the results of the "Attitudes toward Sustainable Development scale", which indicate a high level of sustainability attitudes in these preservice teachers, with no differences between genders. The creativity of these preservice teachers is evident in the variety of approaches to the topic in the different movies proposed. We can conclude that the ecofeminist topic is relevant in the classroom because it contributes to enhancing the ethical debate and driving the teaching-learning process in an interdisciplinary manner, perfectly aligned with the objectives of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development.


Over the last 15 years a series of long‐range acoustic propagation experiments has been conducted in the North Pacific Ocean using various combinations of low‐frequency, wide bandwidth transmitters and horizontal and vertical line array receivers, including a two‐dimensional array with a maximum vertical aperture of 1400 m and a horizontal aperture of 3600 m. These measurements were undertaken to further our understanding of the physics of low‐frequency, broadband propagation and the effects of environmental variability on signal stability and coherence. The first experiment in this series, which was conducted in 1989, combined a broadband, 250‐Hz transmitter with a 3‐km‐long vertical receiving array 1000 km distant. The transmissions revealed a traditional SOFAR arrival pattern of steep, raylike time fronts in the early portion building to a crescendo of near‐axial arrivals that cut off abruptly. The near‐axial finale was found to be highly scattered, however, and included significant energy in the geometric shadow zone. The prevailing theory of scattering from internal‐wave‐induced sound‐speed fluctuations predicted far more resolvable arrivals than were observed. These observations stimulated an intense research effort to reconcile data with theory. In this presentation we summarize the central issues these experiments have addressed, and identify the many still remaining unanswered questions.


SCREAM is a scripting tool that enables authors to generate emotionally and socially appropriate responses of animated agents. System users may design the mental make-up of an agent by declaring a variety of parameters and behaviors relevant to affective communication and obtain quantified affective reactions that can be input to an animation engine. While the default operations of an agent's 'mind' are based on psychological and sociological research, authors may easily modify and extend its rule set. In order to facilitate high-level scripting and connectivity with other web-based animated agent systems, our tool is written in a lightweight Java based Prolog system and Java.


Abstract The effects of drought, a devastating natural disaster, have expanded due to intense global warming. Therefore, studying the spatio-temporal evolution and formation mechanism of drought is urgent and important. In this paper, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) of the source region of Yellow River was calculated for the years 1961–2015, and the heuristic segmentation and Modified Mann-Kendall methods were used to study the change points and trends of precipitation, temperature, and SPEI. The empirical orthogonal function was used to study the major modes of the SPEI, and cross wavelet analysis was used to demonstrate the relationship between SPEI and large-scale climate factors. The results initially demonstrated no change point and an insignificant positive trend in precipitation. Temperature revealed a significant increasing trend, and a change point was detected in 1997. SPEI indicated a change point in 1993, and a significant increasing trend was observed thereafter. These findings reveal that drought in the study area is highly related to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. The North Atlantic and Arctic oscillations caused similar impacts on drought. By comparison, changes in SPEI were slightly related to the Pacific decadal oscillation. These results provide useful information for evaluating drought changes in the study area, early warning of drought, and water resource management.


What is intellectual activism and why is it important that business schools academics embrace it? In this paper I theorise intellectual activism as a special form of critical performativity. By proposing a Gramscian analysis of the current socio-historical situation I explain why is now urgent that we engage in intellectual activism as a way to improve lives - those of ourselves as academics and of our constituencies including students and management practitioners in public and private settings. In a propositive effort I elucidate the key features of this academic praxis which is progressive, critical, engaged and concrete. I elaborate these features and then I introduce specific tactics/practices for engagement offering examples related to teaching, research and management/admin work. In summary I suggest that intellectual activism in business schools is i. a form of political work; ii. a form of 'building work'; and iii. not easy. I exhort you all to examine its meaning and discern ways in which you can...


Our purpose is to state quantitative conditions ensuring the rectifiability of a $d$--varifold $V$ obtained as the limit of a sequence of $d$--varifolds $(V_i)_i$ which need not to be rectifiable. More specifically, we introduce a sequence $\left\lbrace \mathcal{E}_i \right\rbrace_i$ of functionals defined on $d$--varifolds, such that if $\displaystyle \sup_i \mathcal{E}_i (V_i) < +\infty$ and $V_i$ satisfies a uniform density estimate at some scale $\beta_i$, then $V = \lim_i V_i$ is $d$--rectifiable. \noindent The main motivation of this work is to set up a theoretical framework where curves, surfaces, or even more general $d$--rectifiable sets minimizing geometrical functionals (like the length for curves or the area for surfaces), can be approximated by "discrete" objects (volumetric approximations, pixelizations, point clouds etc.) minimizing some suitable "discrete" functionals.


Genocide is the most heinous of crimes and complacently, we like to think that the unalloyed denunciation of it helps to define and reinforce the moral, ethical and political values upon which post-war Western civilisation has been built. Responses to genocide in the West tend in various ways to belie this widespread self-conception. That is why, in this important book, David Patrick begins from the simple premise 'that the overall response to genocide in the late twentieth century was not consistent with the by-then established Western commitment to the protection of human rights' (p. 7). His focus throughout the book is on how such atrocities are represented and framed by the press, and he concentrates on three historical examples – the Holocaust, Bosnia and Rwanda – with three major chapters devoted to each of them. The first of these deals with both the general immediate response to the liberation of the Nazi camps in the spring of 1945, and the gradual but increasing recognition of the scale and significance of the Holocaust over the course of the 20th century. The two succeeding chapters, on the Anglo-American response to the crisis in the Balkans (1992–1995) and the Rwandan genocide (1994), utilise a 114-day sample and employ both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The eight newspapers selected for analysis cover the quality end of the newspaper market in the United Kingdom and United States, and so are generally regarded as reliable sources of international news. The study shows that both the Rwandan and Bosnian genocides were of minimal interest to Western media, and where they were reported, they were misrepresented and misunderstood. Furthermore, while the scale of violence in Rwanda was quantitatively higher than in Bosnia, it received much less coverage, partly because of geographical distance and partly because of ethnicity (White victims are more likely to receive coverage than Black victims). Overall, Patrick's research demonstrates how both tragedies were reduced to stereotypes. This raises the inevitable question as to whether relative indifference and stereotypicality will characterise press coverage of genocidal violence in the future. On the basis of Patrick's meticulous, detailed and sophisticated research, the prognosis looks bad, and we can expect further desensitisation towards mass human suffering, though of course the laudable purpose of his study is to address how responses to genocide can be improved. The book should be widely read by journalists, politicians and policy makers as well as by media scholars.


In this paper, we present results from a research through design inquiry into the design space of second-hand use of consumer goods and their potential for creating more sustainable and less consumerism-oriented lifestyles. These results are presented in the form of an annotated portfolio that is comprised of early conceptual and material explorations along with the final material artefact, Radius – an internet connected tangible artefact that helps make decisions to buy or sell second-hand consumer goods easier to take. By analytically and critically articulating observations and reflections from the constructed portfolio, we expand the existing understanding of this design space along with explicating the knowledge latent within our process. Our reflections offer new directions and insight for future research and design along with making a theoretical contribution to the discourse on knowledge outcomes from research through design in HCI.


Background Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. However, results from large population-based prospective cohort studies are rare. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the relative risk of 8-year incident type 2 diabetes in relation to OSA severity in a prospective cohort study of middle-aged and older adults. Methods A total of 2918 participants (mean age 59 years) of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), who underwent home-based overnight polysomnography at baseline examination between 2011 and 2014, were followed up 4-yearly between 2015–2018 and 2019–2021. A total of 1697 participants were present in both follow-ups. After excluding participants who had diabetes at baseline (n=481), a total of 1216 participants were eligible for the analyses. Results OSA at baseline was categorised by apnoea–hypopnoea index levels as non-OSA (0–4.9 events·h−1), mild OSA (5.0–14.9 events·h−1) and moderate–severe OSA (≥15.0 events·h−1). Incident type 2 diabetes was identified at each follow-up. Compared with non-OSA, participants with moderate–severe OSA had 1.5 times higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes at the end of the 8-year follow-up after adjusting for potential covariates (relative risk 1.50, 95% CI 1.02–2.21). In the same analytical models for 4-year relative risk of incident type 2 diabetes, none of the OSA groups were at significantly higher risk compared with the non-OSA group. Conclusion Moderate–severe OSA, a modifiable risk factor, poses a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes compared with non-OSA over an 8-year period in general middle-aged and older adults. In this large population-based study, moderate–severe obstructive sleep apnoea was an independent risk factor for incident type 2 diabetes in the middle-aged and older, which may be a potential target for intervention in prevention strategies for diabetes https://bit.ly/3x55zmD


The Indian National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP) was launched in 1958 using indoor residual spraying (IRS) for all roofed structures, except for those in urban areas where larval source management (LSM) was recommended [2]. While malaria incidence declined overall, urban malaria increased during the 1960s especially in the states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Maharashtra, partly due to the expansion of urban slums, population movement and lack of adequate waste water disposal. This was first recognised as a specific public health problem in 1969 by the Madhok Committee. The Urban Malaria Scheme (UMS) was sanctioned in 1971 and 23 towns were initially selected, before the Scheme was expanded to 131 towns in 19 states, the population of which was 112 million in 2009 [1]. The major objective of the UMS is to control malaria through good case management and LSM, since IRS is not accepted by the majority of the urban population [2]. The UMS targets the vectors of dengue, filariasis and Japanese Encephalitis in addition to malaria vectors. This document outlines the general structure of the UMS and its impact. s


As in recent years, development in auto industry could increase interest in passenger's safety. Especially when cars collided head injury, the research is actively conducted but most studies confined to the front seat and passenger seat and there. In this study, the collision occurred when the back seat passenger's injury value analysis study was conducted to minimize it. Influence on affecting injury factors are Anchorage location of the seat belts, Buckle of the position, existence of Pretensioner, existence of Load limiter that factors in this study design factors. Considering the design parameters of each simulation is too large. Consequently, experiments were carried out using the experimental design. Experiments based on the number of tests derived from the models were constructed using the MADYMO program. In addition, analysis of means and analysis of variance were used for the design factors that affect injury values to determine. To minimize injury criteria values were derived through various method and the design of seat belt.


A technique is described for simulating the random modulation imposed by atmospheric scintillation and transmitter pointing jitter on a direct detection optical communication system. The system is capable of providing signal fading statistics which obey log normal, beta, Rayleigh, Ricean or chi-squared density functions. Experimental tests of the performance of the Channel Simulator are presented.


3578 Background: In NO16968, XELOX was superior in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) to bolus 5-FU/LV as adjuvant therapy for stage III colon cancer (Schmoll et al. ASCO GI 2012). Three key enzymes appear to have the potential to predict efficacy and/or safety of fluoropyrimidine-based treatment: thymidine phosphorylase (TP), thymidylate synthase (TS), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). We evaluated the association between baseline TP, TS and DPD and outcome (DFS and OS). Methods: Pts with stage III colon cancer received either XELOX (8 cycles, 24w) or bolus 5-FU/LV (Mayo Clinic, 6 cycles, 24w; Roswell Park, 4 cycles, 32w). The primary study endpoint was DFS; secondary endpoints included OS. TP, TS and DPD expression levels were determined in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues by RT-PCR, and the median used as a cut-off point: high (above median) vs. low (below median). Results: The biomarker population included 498 (26%) of 1886 pts entered (XELOX, n=242; 5-FU/...


Using the power quality real-time monitoring data of a certain provincial grid and the parameters of the grid and traction load, individual power quality indicators at each monitoring point are statistically calculated. Based on factor analysis and statistical data, three integrated power quality factors are constructed and defined, namely integrated current factor, integrated voltage power frequency factor and integrated voltage low frequency factor. With these factors, the power quality comprehensive score and fuzzy C-means clustering for each monitoring point is calculated, and the power quality status of those monitoring points in the study period is classified as five categories of "excellent", "good", "fair", "poor" and "worse". Consistent reference results are obtained on the same platform, and dynamic evaluation of electrified railway monitoring points is achieved. The research provides not only the basis for future unified management of power quality, but also a reference for future planning and governance of power quality.


Aerial view over Government House looking down the Esplanade to the Travelodge Hotel in the distance. Darwin Hotel on the corner of Herbert and the Esplanade.


Improvement of the performance of the supply chain of a healthcare organization is highly important as they strive to improve efficiency and implement cost reduction [1]. Existing research highlights that internal integration of organizational functions is not only expected to enhance performance but also makes external integration with the supply chain more beneficial [2]. But surprisingly, there is a strong indication that firms and its supply chain managers emphasize more on external collaboration than on collaboration with internal partners and business units [3]. The profound influence of physicians in healthcare organizations is a big challenge in various supply chain initiatives for the firm's managers. Often there is some disconnect between the purchases and the person who decides the purchases[4], [5] emphasizing the criticality of involving and engaging physicians in purchasing & supply management processes. This paper identifies collaborative mechanisms, termed as 'physician-engagement in purchasing' that would reduce the physician-manager disconnect by fostering the coexistence of competing logics of both actors and thereby allowing health care organizations to redirect physician's autonomy and knowledge towards improved performance of purchasing behavior and supply chain management. The paper defines physician-engagement in purchasing at two levels, task and organizational and further identifies the result of physician-engagement on relationship between strategic purchasing and organizational performance.


Providing an annular filter element species having resilient sealing means, the sealing means having a resilient annular beads, the beads to and fro in a corrugated undulating top surface corresponding to the filter assembly suitable base with. The corrugated beads to provide a fluid-tight seal while limiting relative rotation of the filter element base.


The focus of the current issue 3/2012 of GMS Medizin – Bibliothek – Information is the annual conference 2012 of the German Medical Libraries Association in Aachen. The motto of the conference was "Medical Libraries 20XX. Reliable, forward-looking, indispensible". Focal points of the meeting were innovation management, marketing and new applications and services in medical libraries.
The authors in this issue are Bruno Bauer (Open Access Publishing in Austria 2012), Thomas M. Deserno (Literature for interdisciplinary scientists – a requirement engineering approach), Annette Kustos (The new Academic Health Sciences, Nursing and Therapeutics Library of the University of Applied Health Sciences, Bochum), Christoph Poley (On the way to semantic web – with MEDPILOT), Henriette Senst & Jens Erling (New areas of work in the library of the Robert Koch-Institute: Open Access and institutional repository), Matti Stohr ("I was interested in competitive alternatives to Citavi": About the workshop "Reference Management at the focal point", held at the AGMB-Conference 2012), Martin Zangl (Quality management in art libraries – a starting point for patient libraries?!) and Ulf Paepcke & Gabriele Menzel (Medical Libraries 20XX. – Reliable, forward-looking, indispensible. Annual Meeting 2012 of the German MLA (AGMB) September 24th to 26th in Aachen).


The purpose of this work is the elucidation of the problems of the Heidegger´s interpretation that of humans, logic and the truth which have stablish a pattern to some current thoughts. We have used the first edition of the Logische Untersuchungen to adapt to the first Husserl´s analyzes and, in parallel, to the reading that Heidegger made of that text and to which reference is made on more than one occasion. With this, we can perceive that logic and ontology struggle to position themselves as the original science for the final elucidation of human beings. Thus, we take a stand in the face of the current conviction that accepts Husserl´s theory that has been overcome by the pragmatic approach of Dasein.


Using a social ecological model, this study examined the influences of socio-demographic factors, mother's attitudes, financial barriers, and the health care delivery system on the use of dental services for 4–8 year-old Hispanic children. Initiating dental care during the preschool years was significantly related to the mothers' beliefs and her social network's beliefs in the value of preventive dental care. The mother was almost four times more likely to continue the care if she believed that dentist visits would keep the child's teeth healthy. Extended clinic hours in the evenings also increased the likelihood of the mother's return to the dentist to continue child's care. It was not the mother's attitudes but provider availability, dental insurance (including Medicaid) and family income that were related to frequency of planned visits. The study findings can be used in improving access to care and reducing barriers for low-income, urban Hispanic children.


With the aggravation of the soil and water conservation in the hills and mountains area,a multi-aspect and new-method comprehensive harnessing is needed badly.DEM model can express the features of area landform and physiognomy fleetly and truly.The authors bring forward the means of simulating lapse rate and precipitation spatially in the hills and mountains area,the operating flow of the measuring the crop eugenic and fitting partition and establishing of the land use sub-area.By digitizing the relief map,the DEM model is set up,the slope grade contribution of the different land use type in the sample area is finished and the crop land whose slope is bigger than 25° is received,which can provide important data for converting land to forest small watershed.The research results illuminate that DEM model can describe the landform and character of the watershed,which can play an important role in the comprehensive harnessing in the hills and mountainous area.


Abstract Rationale: Chylothorax is usually diagnosed within a few days after lobectomy. Late-onset chylothorax following trauma or thoracic surgery is rare but potentially lethal, lacking reliable preventive methods. Patient concerns: A 54-year-old male patient complained of dyspnea during adjuvant chemotherapy on the 35th postoperative day after right middle lobectomy and systemic lymph node dissection (SLND) for lung cancer. His computed tomography indicated massive pleural effusion filling in the right chest cavity. Diagnoses: The patient was primarily diagnosed as late-onset chylothorax, without definite evidence to exclude spontaneous chylous leakage. Interventions: Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation (TDL) was performed for him, as conservative treatment using octreotide with fat-free diet turned out to be ineffective. Outcomes: His pleural effusion was gradually diminished after reoperation, and the patient was discharged 9 days after TDL. Lessons: Postoperative late-onset or spontaneous chylothorax should be kept in mind after pulmonary resection and SLND, and the exclusion of chylous leakage could be considered as a precondition of chest tube removal.


According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), the concept "function" is an umbrella term for Body Functions, Body Structures, Activities and Participation. The WHO encouraged all member countries to use the ICF in clinical care and research fourteen years ago, but did not describe how to do this. There are several patient reported outcome measures (PROM) available assessing aspects of outcomes in use within the field of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (RMD). They are commonly used for monitoring function or evaluating effects of interventions. Several of these most common PROMS have been linked to the ICF and disease specific Core Sets; these will be reviewed focusing on which aspects of function the PROMs usually cover. Aspects considered important in the clinic that may not be directly linkable to the ICF, and aspects that needs more attention in the future development of PROMs will also be addressed. Disclosure of Interest None declared


Abstract To study the comparability of results of airborne fiber concentrations with field samples using the phase contrast optical microscopy methods [National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 7400, International Standards Organization (ISO), modified P&CAM 239, and Institut de Recherche en Sante et en Securite du Travail (IRSST) 243], samples were collected in asbestos mill, asbestos cement, and asbestos textile workplaces. These samples were counted by 12 experienced counters and the results compared between counts on the same sample for NIOSH Method 7400, ISO, and IRSST Method 243, and between counts of paired samples for all four methods. All statistical significance tests were performed at the 5 percent probability level (size of test). The geometric averages of the results in field samples of individual observations with their geometric standard deviations were in the following order: the modified P&CAM Method 239: 61 percent (1.19) larger, NIOSH Method 7400: 28 percent (1.23) l...


Ba2Cu3O4Cl2 is a two-dimensional quantum antiferromagnet with two Cu sublattices showing a small spontaneous magnetization M0. A group theoretical analysis shows that M0 may be due to (i) induced magnetization in the Cu II sublattice or (ii) spin canting of the Cu I moments, i.e., weak ferromagnetism (WFM). In case (i) the interaction is of pseudodipolar type. In case (ii) the Cu I moments are subject to some kind of anisotropy. The main reason for the occurrence of M0, compared to similar high-Tc cuprates related structures, is that the center between two Cu I moments is not an inversion center. Ba3Cu2O4Cl2 behaves like a classical antiferromagnet with a spin-flop transition. For this compound our analysis shows that, in the case where the magnetic and the crystallographic unit cells are identical, the Cu moments of equivalent sites should be parallel and the antiferromagnetic order is related to opposite directions of the moments at different sites. Weak antiferromagnetism but no WFM is permitted, in ag...


High resolution panchromatic imagery can be used to increase the spatial resolution of low resolution spectral imagery through spatial/spectral sharpening techniques. Recently, sharpening techniques have been presented that use a multiresolution analysis by manipulating the images at different resolution scales that use a Laplacian pyramid or wavelet transform. This paper presents a model for sharpening multispectral images (MRA/MTF) that uses multiresolution analysis (MRA) to extract the high frequency information from the panchromatic image and matches the spatial response between imagery using a modulation transfer function (MTF) correction. When carefully executed, the MRA/MTF model is shown to provide a sharpened image with minimum spectral distortion and visually pleasing results. Multispectral data was used to evaluate the algorithm for sharpening 30 meter Landsat data with 1 meter aerial photography with comparison to other sharpening algorithms available within ERDAS Imagine and with ERIM's sharpening algorithm called Sparkle. The algorithms were tested for spectral distortion by comparing the covariance between bands before and after sharpening.


Abstract Palynological studies of oil- and gas-bearing Cretaceous deposits in the eastern part of the West Siberian Plain have provided the basis for establishing spore and pollen 'assemblages' ranging in age from Valanginian to Cenomanian. These have been compared to those of adjacent and distant regions. The main changes in composition of the assemblages are manifested by both the appearance of new taxa and quantitative differences of individual components. The most significant changes were recorded at the Barremian/Aptian boundary and at the end of the Early Cretaceous.


Osteoporotic fracture is the most serious complication of osteoporosis.The biomechanical properties of the bone play an important role in the pathological process of osteoporosis.Since the nineties of the twentieth century,the nanoindentation technique introduced by Oliver has become popular in determining micro-mechanical properties of materials.It can not only measure the elastic modulus and hardness of trabecular bone,but also detect the fracture toughness in bone micro-architecture.This article reviews the recent application of nanoindentation technique in diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.


Ibuprofen, a weakly acidic, non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug having high permeability through stomach but due to its solubility limitation it can't enter in to systemic circulation and gastric empting time ranging from 30 min to 2 hr, after this time ibuprofen goes in to small intestine where it is solubilise but can't permeate through its membrane. The same problem arises in quantitative analysis; because of poor solubility of ibuprofen it involves organic solvents which are costly and toxic. To improve dissolution of such drug is challenging and rational. The purpose of the present study was to examine the enhancement of solubility of the Ibuprofen on addition of 1M N,Ndimethylurea (DMU) as a hydrotropic substance using a novel, safe, and sensitive method of spectroscopic estimation in ultraviolet region. beer ' s low obeyed in the concentration range of 5-30µg/ml. Solubility of ibuprofen was determined with various concentrations using Spectroscopic estimation analysis. Since solubilization of non-polar drugs constitutes one of the most important tasks in formulation design, quantitative analysis and dissolution study.


The invention discloses a method and a terminal for controlling security of financial transactions. The method comprises the following steps: scanning a two-dimensional barcode picture saved in a user mobile terminal to acquire bank account information of the user; verifying identity of the user according to the bank account information; and carrying out financial transactions after the identity verification is passed. The terminal comprises a two-dimensional barcode scanning module, an identity verification module and a financial transaction module. In embodiment of the invention, financial transactions are performed by adopting the electronic two-dimensional barcode picture saved in the mobile terminal instead of the conventional magnetic stripe bank card, so that the security of the financial transactions is improved.


The "indigenists" are those who incorporate local patterns, traditions, and preIslamic customs (adat law) into their world view. Fair enough. However, Bauzon says all Philippine Muslim leaders do this. If so, this cannot be a basis for distinguishing among them. The logic of including an all-inclusive characteristic as a means of distinguishing "trends" escapes this reviewer. Turning to the three groups that can be distinguished, it seems that the term "fundamentalist" is singularly unfortunate and misleading. It must not be confused with Christian or Jewish meaning of "fundamentalist". Nor should it be confused with the mass media distortions of Muslims "terrorists" or militants. Actually Bauzon is referring to what should be termed "traditionalists" or "restorationists". These people want a return to basic sources of Islam, symbolized by the traditional datus, qadis and sultans displaced by historical events. Bauzon regards the Bangsa Moro Liberation Organization (BMLO) as its best representation. Filipinistas, who know of the BMLO, can best judge the effectiveness of such a "trend". The modernist he divides into "the first group works with whatever incumbent [Filipino] government there is while the second would rather not" (p. 82). Alunan C. Glang would be an example of the former and Nur Musuari and the Moro National Liberation Front represent the latter group. Bauzon does not give them names. Therefore this viewer will identify them as in the case of the former: the opportunists, collaborators, capitulationists, or Quislings. The latter have been called the militants, the rejectionists, and the steadfast. (Incidentally this reviewer has heard all these terms used by Philippine Muslims in English or Arabic equivalents.) In final summary, one must say given the extensive nature of the bibliography and the time and effort involved in the production of this work that the results are very disappointing. Filipinistas should by now recognize that Islam has a very different world outlook than has Western secularized society. The concept of state and church much less the concept of separation of church and state are very different in Sulu than in Manila or Washington, D.C. Filipinistas would be well advised to use Bauzon's sources rather than his analysis. His references are so complete that one is left wondering why he left out any references by David Wurfel. His extreme case of Solidarity does not include this reviewer's modest work in the sociology of knowledge and the Philippine intellectual elite.


This article looks at the need to manage public sector records as evidence and as a means of controlling how government resources are used, as well as a vital source of information for empowering the people of Africa. The author examines the role of records and of record keeping within the context of three distinct domains – business, accountability and culture – and the contribution of records managers and archivists to the process of democratic governance.


ABSTRACT In Togo, the Oti-Kéran-Mandouri (OKM) complex had important biological-oriented tourism activities in 1980s. However, degradation of ecosystems has negatively affected the biological resources of these protected areas. This study aims at analysing the current biological-based ecotourism potential of the OKM complex facing conservation challenges. To this end, a mixed approach combining fauna and flora inventories with ethnobotanical surveys was adopted.. Results showed that the floristic potential is characterized by 287 species distributed into 63 botanical families and 170 genera. A total of 26 and 19 woody species were identified as species with 'high cultural value' and 'high attractive potential', respectively. In terms of animal diversity, 11 species of the large wildlife, including emblematic species, have been recorded. Six of these animal and plant species are reported in the IUCN Red List. These findings provide insights on the great potential of OKM complex for ecotourism promotion in Togo.


Abstract Field evaluation of Lurex 3™, 1-octen-3-ol (octenol), and CO2 sachet as baits in Mosquito Magnet® Pro traps (MMP) for collecting adult mosquitoes was conducted at 2 different locations in northeast Florida. A total of 18 species of mosquitoes were collected by the MMP baited with the 3 attractant baits in St. Augustine, FL. The MMP baited with octenol collected significantly more mosquitoes than the traps baited with Lurex 3 and the CO2 sachet. A total of 6 floodwater mosquito species were collected by the MMP baited with the 3 attractant baits in Elkton, FL. The MMP baited with Lurex 3 or octenol collected more mosquitoes than the MMP baited with CO2 sachet or MMP alone.


In the current revision of an information retrieval system at the Naval Propellant Plant, terms representative of the literature of propellant technology were collected. We found that the majority of the terms fell into five basic categories, namely: fields, objects, processes, properties, and substances. These categories are being worked out for synonyms, hierarchical incorporation, and so on. The resulting list will constitute a technical thesaurus. In addition, we plan to include for each term in the thesaurus an association list of related terms that appear in other parts of the thesaurus. This list will be similar to the related terms in the American Institute of Chemical Engineers' thesaurus or most 'see also's' of the conventional catalogue.


This study was carried out in order to investigate the factors associated to celebrity endorser that influence consumers buying intention in Kelantan. The study measures three attributes as an independent variable consisting of trustworthiness, attractiveness and expertise. The objectives of this study is to determine the relationships between all these independent variables and consumers buying intention based on past literature reviews. For this purpose of the study, sets of questionnaire were distributed through online surveys. Consumers in Kelantan was selected to be the population for this study. This research used a nonprobability and convenience sampling technique. Hypothesis were tested using regression analysis by using SPSS version 22. Based on the result from hypothesis ran by SPSS 22, only one independent variable was found to be significant which is attractiveness and the other two were found to be not significant. The possible reason why there is only one independent variable that is significant and accepted due to lack of literature review about the small scope and public expectation. The researcher should carry out more literature review as there may be other significant influenced through celebrity endorser in consumer buying intentions.


The wavelengths of thirteen intense lines in the infra-red spectrum of argon have been measured with a reflecting echelon interferometer by comparison with the primary standard line of krypton 86, to an accuracy of about 0.001 Å. The values of some of the 3d and 2s levels of argon have been determined from the measurements and used to calculate the wavelengths of 67 additional lines in the region between 1 and 2 μm.


Involving students in research activities has been credited with many benefits, such as increased critical thinking and analysis skills, development of self-confidence and intellectual independence, and consolidating the ability to ``think like a scientist.'' Student research experiences at undergraduate level have been extensively investigated and disseminated. At postgraduate level, however, research is very scant and experience reports on practices used are scarce. This paper discusses an approach to provide an authentic research experience to master's level students in Advanced Software Engineering. We present the learning, teaching, and assessment methods, as well as, important parameters for success, such as techniques for creating a motivational and intellectual research climate and methods for maximizing the quality of results. We also demonstrate how through a research experience, students can not only advance their research skills, but also strengthen their employability profile. The paper includes an evaluation from six cohorts with the results indicating that students consider the experience very valuable. In 2014, our approach has been accredited by the British Computer Society (BCS) as an example of best practice for innovative approaches to assessment and how they enhance the student experience.


We investigate in-gap states emerging when a single $3d$ transition metal impurity is embedded in topological insulators (${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$). We use a combined approach relying on first-principles calculations and an Anderson impurity model. By computing the local density of states of Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co embedded not only in surfaces of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ and of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ but also in their bulk phases, we demonstrate that in-gap states originate from the hybridization of the electronic states of the impurity with bulk bands and not with the topological surface states as is usually assumed. This finding is analyzed using a simplified Anderson impurity model. These observations are in contradiction with the prevailing models used to investigate the magnetic doping of topological insulators [R. R. Biswas et al., Phys. Rev. B 81, 233405 (2010)], which attribute the origin of the in-gap states to the hybridization with the topological surface states.


as its topic demands, is organized into broadly chronological chapters on Darwin's barnacles, birds, plants, faces and worms, each of which examines these particular facets of Darwin's work in relation to rival visual presentations of the same subjects by the likes of Philip Gosse, John Gould, John Ruskin and Charles Bell. Indeed, Smith affords such a wonderfully thick context for each of these issues that his book often reads more like a general study of the pictorial conventions of nineteenth-century natural history. Again like Beer in Darwin's Plots on the reciprocal relations between Darwin and language, Smith gives a strong sense of Darwin's own impact on Victorian visual culture, and especially the burgeoning genre of caricature, as of it on him. Drawing on W. J. T. Mitchell's suggestive notion of the ' imagetext', Smith contends that the numerous illustrations and accompanying letterpress deployed in Darwin's publications must be understood as working in a dynamic synthesis with the text rather than viewed in isolation as merely adjuncts to the separate and more significant writing – something that the textually oriented training of most literary critics and historians of science has rendered the regrettable norm. Smith himself is a professor of English, whose previous monograph Fact and Feeling (Madison, WI, 1994) examined the attitude towards Baconian methodology of canonical literary writers such as Ruskin and George Eliot, but in Charles Darwin and Victorian Visual Culture he surveys much broader areas of nineteenth-century material culture, as well as offering some fantastically acute close readings of particular images, such as the many mid-century paintings of seaside scenes whose foreground depictions of natural history collecting are often disrupted by hints of the availability of less rational and respectable recreations, like donkey rides or furtive male voyeurism, creeping in at the edges. Such pungent details are significant. To take but one example, Darwin's illustrations of the curious sexual arrangements of barnacles must be located, as Smith argues convincingly, within this wider cultural nexus of both visual and verbal representations of the marine grotesque. Smith's emphasis on the visual components of evolution inevitably leads him to consider Darwin's attempts during the 1870s to account for beauty as a product of either sexual selection or, in the case of plants, natural selection. Charles Darwin and Victorian Visual Culture's extensive discussion of this provokingly physiological aesthetics, as well as its energetic popularization at the hands of the prolific Grant Allen, affords by far the best historical account of this neglected and hugely controversial aspect of Darwin's thought currently available. In so doing, Smith's excellent study joins recent books including Rebecca Stott's Darwin and the Barnacle (London, 2003) and George Levine'sDarwin Loves You (Princeton, 2006) which, while emerging principally from the perspective of science and literature studies, speak equally to historians of science and to literary critics. GOWAN DAWSON University of Leicester


A survey of diseases of exotic trees in plantations was undertaken in southern and southwestern Ethiopia during 2000 and 2001. Our aim was to ascertain the occurrence and distribution of diseases of major plantation species and to provide a basis for further research. Root, stem and leaf samples were collected from both plantations and trees growing near farms and homesteads in and around Wondo Genet, Munessa Shashemene, Jima, Bedele, Mizan and Menagesha. Armillaria root rot was the most common disease, associated mainly with Pinus patula , but also found on Acacia abyssinica, Cordia alliodoral/ig and Cedrela odorata . Stem cankers associated with ligBotryosphaerial/ig species were common on Eucalyptus globulus, E. salignal/ig and E. citriodora . Stem canker disease associated with a ligConiothyriuml/ig species was commonly observed on E. camaldulensis . Leaf blotch associated with ligMycosphaerellal/ig species was common on E. globulusl/ig in most areas where this species is planted. In addition, Sphaeropsis sapineal/ig on ligPinusl/ig species, cankers associated with ligCytosporal/ig species, and pink disease caused by Erythricium salmonicolorl/ig on Eucalyptus , were also recorded in some plantations. This is the first general evaluation of plantation diseases in Ethiopia and provides a foundation for future planting and disease management strategies, with a view to enhancing commercial timber production.


Hydroxyapatite (HA) thermal spray powder for hip implant's coating may be produced via a mixed type spray drying technique. The HA thermal spray coating performance depends upon the quality of the starting HA powder. Production of this powder is based on a spray drying technique for its fast and continuous production since the HA slurry gets well dispersed in the drying medium through atomisation. This dispersal leads higher rate of evaporation per unit mass of HA product causing more extraction of water from the HA slurry. However, the quality of the powder produced by this spray drying method is low, with inconsistent morphologies and densities, properties that are required in the plasma deposition process. The objective of this study was to use the commercial CFD solver FLUENT to simulate the spray dryer so as to study the various controlling parameters in order to improve the quality of spray dried product. The simulation results predicted the particle size and thermal histories of powder as a result of changing the initial parameters such as HA slurry viscosity. Hence, it proved to be a useful method for understanding the dynamics of the spray drying technique and in optimising the spray drying process.


Background: The evolution of cone beam computed tomography three-dimensional (CBCT 3D) imaging has dramatically changed the potential for presurgical and pretreatment planning, such that outcomes are more predictable and complications more avoidable. Purpose: The purpose of this article was to systematically review scientific and clinical literature pertaining to the uses and benefits of 3D imaging CBCT for diagnosis and treatment planning in Implantology including prosthodontics. Materials and methods: Various databases, like PubMed, EBSCOhost and ScienceDirect, were searched from 1998 to 2010 to retrieve articles regarding the clinical applications of CBCT in dentistry. Cone beam computed tomography in dentistry was used as a key phrase to extract relevant articles in dentistry. A manual search for the references from the retrieved articles was also completed. The articles published only in English, randomized clinical trials, prospective and retrospective clinical studies, laboratory and computer-generated research were included. The search revealed 540 articles of which 447 were irrelevant to the study and therefore excluded. Results: Cone beam computed tomography has created an opportunity for clinicians to acquire the highest quality diagnostic images with an absorbed dose that is comparable to other dental radiological examinations and less than a conventional CT. Therefore, if placement of an implant might approach a nerve, invade the sinus, or penetrate out of the confines of the jawbone, the patient should be offered a discussion of CBCT 3D imaging. In addition, CBCT 3D patients should be advised of the risks, benefits and alternatives to such treatment, based upon any additional data provided by the imaging.


Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common complaint affecting majority of pre and postmenopausal women. Endometirum is a dynamic tissue and is affected by a wide range of histopathological lesions. The causes of AUB is a function of age.
Aim and Objective: to study the histopathological pattern in cases of AUB in reference age, parity and bleeding pattern. Patients were categorized into reproductive (50 years).
Materials and Methods: A total of three hundred patients presenting with AUB are included in this study.
Observation and Results: In this study patient ranged from 20 to 70 years and the mean age of the cohort was 43.46±8.07. Major parity category noted in the cohort was para-2 in 89 patients (29.67%). Major bleeding pattern observed in the cohort was menorrhagia (32.33%); followed by metrorrhagia (19.67%), menometrorrhagia (16.33%), postmenopausal bleeding (12.67%), polymenorrhoea (9.67%), polymenorrhagia (5%) and continuous bleeding (1%). Histopathological pattern observed in AUB patients was proliferative phase endometrium (31.33%), secretory phase endometrium (21.67%), menstrual endometrium (1.33%). atrophic endometrium (6%), disordered proliferation (3.33%), mixed pattern (1%), polyp (10.67%), metaplasia (9.67%), hyperplasia (8.67%), endometritis (2.67%), adenocarcinoma (1.67%) and insufficient (2%).
Conclusion: The causes of AUB are function of age; perimenopausal age group is the most common affected. Dilatation & Curettage is cost effective, useful procedure but organic lesions such as leiomyoma and adenomyosis can be missed. AUB is a common disorder affecting females and is a challenge to the treating gynaecologist.

Keywords: Endometrium, Premenopausal, Postmenopausal, Hyperplasia, Polyp.


Summary The few published observations on pycnogonid courtship and mating behavior are widely scattered in the literature and there are no recent summaries available. Consequentially, the exclusively paternal care which is characteristic of this little-known group of marine invertebrates remains understudied by modern behavioral biologists. The current paper provides a comprehensive introduction to pycnogonid morphology with emphasis on the structures required for reproduction and then summarizes all of the available information on courtship and mating behavior in pycnogonids. The summary of reproductive behaviors is divided into categories based on the type of ovigerous leg structure present and the three most common types of ovi-gerous legs (complete ovigerous leg, modified phoxichilid ovigerous leg, modified ammotheid ovigerous leg) are described and named. The role of sexual selection in both the evolution of paternal care within this group and also the evolution of several different kinds of ovigerous legs is discussed and the gradual accumulation of a series of misinterpretations by non-pycnogonid specialists in the recent behavioral literature on paternal care is examined.


When Deng Xiaoping enunciated Mao Zedong's Theory of the Three Worlds at the Special Session of the United Nations in April 1974, he was not foreshadowing, as some observers thought at the time, a closer coalition between China and the Third, or developing, World, to which he claimed China legitimately belonged; Deng was in fact, presaging a growing convergence of interests between the People's Republic and the countries of the Second World which, together with the two superpowers, had been the main objects of Chinese ideological vitriol throughout the two and a half decades since the establishment of the People's Republic of China. Deng's address reflected the commitment of the Chinese leadership to the implementation of a new pragmatic foreign policy, predicated on China's long-term need to develop a range of viable external relationships erving the requirements of its modernization programme. That manifesto for Chinese development, known as the Four Modernizations, had been first proclaimed by Zhou Enlai at the Third National People's Congress in 1964, and envisaged a growing proximity between China and the industralized world, on whose technology it would become increasingly dependent. Previously dependent on the support of African, Asian and Arab states for its legitimacy, China had now become a fully-fledged and influential member of the international community. While still conscious of the need to cultivate contacts with the Third World in the context of its global rivalry with the Soviet Union, China was now focusing increasingly on its relations with the major powers, Japan, Western Europe and the United States. These relationships pursued in a less vigorous fashion during the aberrant Gang of Four period, were cultivated enthusiastically following the Gang's demise in late 1976. This trpnd crilminaited in the crnclnriozn of ther Treatv of Ppace


The RTs of 3 Ss to clicks at 10, 30 and 90 db above their individually measured thresholds were obtained. It was concluded that use of a microswitch for signalling motor response introduces a significant delay in comparison with an electromyographic measure. Large reliable individual differences in amount of switch lag were found. Switch lag decreased slightly as intensity was increased.


Accessible online at: www.karger.com/dsu To many of us, Allen Whipple needs no introduction. His achievements in pancreatic surgery paved the road for him to be a major surgical innovator of the last century. Most of us, however, are not aware of the diverse abilities he was blessed with in fields other than clinical medicine by which he ensured a unique distinction. Perhaps his research in the history of medicine is only one example of his dedication to the search for truth. A truth that would have been buried in between the folds of the past if it was not for his diligent work enlightened by his deep affection and life-long interest in the history, culture, and welfare of the people of the region where he was born.


Set up the coal mine roadway network model,and proposed a hierarchical mine personnel positioning system based on wireless sensor networks. On this basis,put forward a cost optimization function which consists of the cost of measuring points and cable,and proving the cost optimization problem into a path planning. To this end,Prim algo-rithm was applied to the personnel positioning system topology optimization,the results prove the effectiveness for the optimization model and algorithm.


This paper considers a special class of hybrid system called switching Markov jump linear system. The system transition is governed by two rules. One is Markov chain and the other is a deterministic rule. Furthermore, the transition probability of the Markov chain is not only piecewise but also orchestrated by a deterministic switching rule. In this paper, the mean square stability of the systems is studied when the deterministic switching is subject to two different dwell time conditions, ie, having a lower bound and having both lower and high bounds. The main contributions of this paper are two relevant stability theorems for the systems under study. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the theoretical results.


The B10.A T cell proliferative response to pigeon cytochrome c is mainly directed against a single antigenic determinant located at the carboxy-terminal end of the molecule. In the present experiments, we used synthetic peptide analogs of the carboxy-terminal sequence of moth cytochrome c to explore the structural requirements for antigenic potency. The minimum-sized peptide capable of stimulating a full response varied with the T cell clone, but within the limits of the biological systems studied, was shown to be moth fragment 97-103. Addition of more amino acids at the amino terminal end increased the antigenic potency in uneven increments, with a large contribution being made at residue 95. Analysis of amino acid substitutions at this position provided no evidence that it contained a residue that directly contacted the T cell receptor. Instead, good agreement with an analysis that made use of helix-coil transition theory suggested that this residue, as well as others, increased antigenic potency by contributing to the stabilization of the secondary structure of the molecule in an alpha-helical configuration. The maximum effect of chain length on antigenic potency appeared to stop at residue 93, in agreement with the theoretical analysis. However, addition of several more amino-terminal residues to residue 93 showed one additional significant increment of increased potency. This was almost entirely accounted for by a single lysine located four amino acids beyond the glutamic acid at residue 93 (approximately one turn of an alpha-helix away). To experimentally test whether alpha-helix-forming tendencies could account for the increased potency of the larger analogs, the degree of helix formation in trifluoroethanol was assessed by circular dichroism measurements. A good correlation was found between antigenic potency and percentage of alpha-helix for peptides of increasing chain length from moth 95-103 up to moth 86-90; 94-103. These results suggest that secondary structure may play an important role in determining the potency of antigenic determinants involved in the activation of T lymphocytes.


The pressure for compulsory control of cotton production may be traced to two sources: fear that the voluntary reduction of cotton acreage would not work a corresponding reduction in cotton production, and fear that the voluntary program would collapse if non-co6perators were able to reap benefits in higher prices attributable to their neighbors' participation without the burden of restrictive agreements. The objective of the draftsmen of the production control legislation with respect to cotton was, therefore, the dual one of reducing production to a level deemed economically sound under current conditions and at the same time of giving sanction to the voluntary program by penalizing the non-co6perating producer. In the case of tobacco, since the voluntary program itself provides for production control,1 only the latter of the two fears inspiring the cotton legislation was operative. But the risk that the voluntary program would break down if non-co6perators were permitted to share in higher prices was a real one. Co6perative associations have been wrecked on this same rock.2 The two acts which embody these efforts, the Bankhead Cotton Control Act3 and the Kerr Tobacco Control Act,4 merit careful examination wholly apart from the question of their economic soundness or their consonance with "fundamental American principles," except insofar as these may be invoked before the Supreme Court. Assume their economic justification, grant their political desirability; the pragmatic question still remains: will they work? This article is not intended to furnish a Delphic response to that question. It seeks merely to depict the machinery through which these acts must work, if at all.


In this paper an evaluation mode with multilayer and multi-index is presented to get the result of university student'Creativity of Computer Science,The mode integrates the methods of vague evaluation,It designs evaluation index and scheme.


The problem. Aga ins t t h e background of t r a n s f o r m a t i o n a l l e a d e r s h i p r e s e a r c h i n d i c a t i n g t h e need f o r s u p e r i n t e n d e n t s t o reexamine t h e i r l e a d e r s h i p r o l e s , t h i s s t u d y d e s c r i b e s t h e l e a d e r s h i p roles supe r in t enden t s c u r r e n t l y pe r fo rm , what t h e y b e l i e v e i s i m p o r t a n t t o t h e i r job, and t h e d i f f e r e n c e s i n p e r c e p t i o n s o f l e a d e r s h i p r o l e s between men and women s u p e r i n t e n d e n t s . P rocedures . Survey methodology ob t a ined d a t a from a q u e s t i o n n a i r e s e n t t o 101 female and 99 male, randomly s e l e c t e d , K 1 2 p r a c t i c i n g supe r in t enden t s a c r o s s t h e n a t i o n . Responses from 37 males and 20 females p rov ided u s a b l e d a t a f o r d e s c r i p t i v e a n a l y s e s o f super in tenden t l e a d e r s h i p r o l e s . Fur thermore , t h e r e w e r e s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s a t t h e .05 and . O 1 l e v e l of s i g n i f i c a n c e between t h e performance of manage r i a l , i n s t r u c t i o n a l l e ade r sh ip , and t r a n s f o r m a t i o n a l l e a d e r s h i p r o l e s u s i n g a chi -square t e s t on 4 9 5 l e a d e r s h i p r o l e d e s c r i p t i o n s . F i n d i n ~ s . F ind ings i n d i c a t e t h a t male and female s u p e r i n t e n d e n t s i d e n t i f y budqe t / f inance and p u b l i c r e l a t i o n s a s most impor t an t t o t h e i r job. However, females a l s o d e s c r i b e pe r fo rming a b roade r a r r a y of l e a d e r s h i p r o l e s r e f l e c t i v e o f t r a n s f o r m a t i o n a l l e a d e r s h i p t h a n males who d e s c r i b e pe r fo rming manager ia l r o l e s more o f t e n t h a n females . Male and female supe r in t enden t s i d e n t i f y an e f f e c t i v e s u p e r i n t e n d e n t as a t r a n s f o r m a t i o n a l leader, b u t i n d i c a t e t h a t board and community e x p e c t a t i o n s , t i m e , and paperwork p r even t them from being a t r a n s f o r m a t i o n a l s u p e r i n t e n d e n t . Respondents , however, d e s c r i b e a need f o r p r o f e s s i o n a l development r e l a t e d t o t r a n s f o r m a t i o n a l l e a d e r s h i p : s t r a t e q i c p lann inq , autonomy and i n t e r p e r s o n a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s , communication, consensus b u i l d i n q , d e l e q a t i o n , and r i s k t a k i n q , f u t u r i s t i c t h i n k i n q . Conclus ion. R e s u l t s of t h e s tudy 'may h e l p gu ide e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n s t h a t o f f e r s u p e r i n t e n d e n t c e r t i f i c a t i o n t o d e v e l o p t r a n s f o r m a t i o n a l l e a d e r s h i p c u r r i c u l a t h a t w i l l encourage more e q u a l gender r e p r e s e n t a t i o n a t t h e super in tendency l e v e l by r e c o g n i z i n g femin ine l e a d e r s h i p s t y l e s and focus ing less on t r a d i t i o n a l management a c t i v i t i e s .


This paper reports on investigation of influence of crystallization speed modulation on formation of gradient profiles of main charge carriers distribution throughout the thickness of GaAs\AlGaAs epitaxial layers obtained by LPE. Using C-V electroproflling, we receive the magnitude of the gradient depends on the nature of the impurity, as well as on the concentration of aluminum in the solution-melt. The most likely mechanism of influence of Al and REE on the concentration profile of doping impurities is described.


Purpose of study Early detection and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) greatly reduces the likelihood of progression to active TB. Foreign-born patients account for most of the TB in the US. Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) is the preferred diagnostic test for LTBI, but it has not been studied extensively in immigrants and can sometimes produce an indeterminate result. We investigated the prevalence of and risk factors for an indeterminate IGRA (IND-IGRA) in a diverse cohort of US immigrants. Methods used We identified patients ≥18 years old who had an outpatient IGRA between 2010–2017 in our health system and restricted to those whose primary language was non-English, as a surrogate for immigrant status. For patients with >1 IGRA, we analysed the first outpatient IGRA. We examined the following covariates, using univariate and multivariate logistic regression, for association with the outcome IND-IGRA: sex, age, race, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, anaemia, hypoalbuminemia, and liver disease (by AST-platelet ratio index). Summary of results A total of 3131 patients had at least 1 outpatient IGRA done, of whom 121 had an initial IND-IGRA for a prevalence of 3.9%, 95% CI: 3.2% to 4.6%. Our cohort was 32% Asian/Pacific Islander (PI), 30% Hispanic, and 28% black; 44% were men and the median age was 50. In multivariable analysis, Asian/PI race (referent: Hispanic, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.0, 95% CI: 1.8 to 5.0) was independently associated with IND-IGRA. Anaemia, hypoalbuminemia and liver disease were each associated with IND-IGRA in univariate analysis but no longer significant when adjusted for other factors. There was however significant effect modification between anaemia and hypoalbuminemia (aOR for interaction 3.9, 95% CI: 1.2 to 12.9). Those with anaemia and hypoalbuminemia accounted for 33% of IND-IGRAs and their rate of IND-IGRA was 19%. Conclusions Asian/PI race and the interaction of anaemia/hypoalbuminemia were independent risk factors for an indeterminate IGRA outcome. The latter combination may be surrogate for impaired immunologic response mediated by inflammation or other comorbid conditions. Our findings suggest IGRA may not be the optimal modality for detecting LTBI in patients with anaemia and hypoalbuminemia.


We propose and experimentally demonstrate a terahertz (THz) imaging radar system based on microwave photonics and inverse synthetic aperture technique, achieving a high imaging resolution of 7 mm $\times$7 mm at 324 GHz.


Completely biodegradable composites were prepared using modified wheat protein isolate (WPI) as matrix and the uniaxial natural fabric Hildegardia Populifolia as reinforcement. The WPI was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde in the presence of glycerol plasticizer. These polymer composites were subsequently subjected to evaluation for their mechanical, morphological (SEM), thermal (TGA/DMA) properties, and biodegradation behavior. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and flexural strength of the composite increased with increase in fabric loading up to 10% and decreased therefore. Further, the alkali treatment of the fabric and use of a coupling agent enhanced the mechanical properties. The scanning electron micrographs of the fractured surface of the composites indicated facilitation of better bonding between the matrix and reinforcement by the coupling agent. In case of thermal behavior, results indicated that the presence of fabric affected the thermal stability of polymer matrix. Biodegradability of the composites was also been studied by soil burial method, and the composites were found to degrade up to 95% in 35 days. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers


Considering the deep mining heat-hazard problem, the concept and academic idea of cold load and storage (CLS) functional backfill applied on deep mine cooling was put forward. Firstly, according to characteristics of filling mining, a method of cooling stopes with CLS phase changing backfill which is made from the backfill material with CLS phase change material (PCM) was proposed. The working process, cooling physics, and the economic and safety benefits of CLS phase changing backfill were produced. Secondly, the theory system of cooling with CLS phase changing backfill was built. The theoretical basis of the key problems involved was investigated and analyzed which concluded heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and backfill mechanics. Lastly, the technology system of cooling with CLS phase changing backfill was established on the basis of the required technical assistance. It includes four parts: the backfill material design, the backfill material conveying way design, the stope temperature control scheme design, and the strength of cemented tailings backfill analysis. The idea of applying CLS phase changing backfill on cooling deep mine stopes and its theory and technology systems provide a scientific research and suitable development direction for deep mine cooling.


For the past few decades to the era of industry 4.0, young practising designers have been enduring environmental communication challenges in the green manufacturing context. The problems stem from their failure to comprehend the pattern of environment communication phenomenally. The objective of this study is to address the environmentally-driven elements of recycling methodology along with the product's form development via "re-think waste" of the environmental communications concept; screened by the bubbling model of intangible ecological form theory. In the realm of industrial design, it is implicitly visualised by the common Mobius loop cycle method of the green manufacturing paradigm. Under the Descriptive Study I of design research methodology framework, the goal-setting participation from Malaysian manufacturers sample using two methodologies concurrently; (1) the cluster sampling that measured the designs perception as the quantitative structure by statistic values and (2) the purposive sampling interpreted the design behaviors of the subject as the qualitative structure by first cycle coding. Consequently, the heuristic evaluation is used to triangulate the two methodologies. For the finding, an intangible ecological form model formulated the change for environmental communication to digitise and screen an intangible ecological form according to extrapolative strategy morphing.


For the class of inhomogeneous Markov processes arising from simulated annealing, it is shown that ${{\lim _{t \to \infty } P(X_t = i)} / {\exp ({{ - u(i)} / {T(t)}})}}$ exists and is positive for each state i, where $T(t)$ is the temperature and $u(i)$ is the energy level at i (assuming that min; $u(i) = 0$). The method used is to consider the Forward equations associated with such processes.


Here I review phylogenetic studies concerning the biogeography of the Marquesas Islands, an oceanic hotspot archipelago in the Pacific Ocean formed <5.5 Ma, and compare patterns (particularly pertaining to colonization and diversification) within the archipelago to those reported from the Hawaiian and Society Islands.


Universal primary education (UPE) was formalised in 2002 as the second MDG (Achieve universal primary education). MDG 2 has one target: to ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling. Three indicators are associated with the target: the net enrolment ratio in primary education for girls and for boys; the proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach (rather than complete) grade 5; and the literacy rate of 15–24-year-olds. This narrow focus on enrolment, primary school, and literacy for only one age group represented a significant narrowing of the remit of a wider rights-based formulation of global ambitions with regard to education, which had grown for over half a century. Some of the focus of MDG 2 can be traced back to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which enshrined the right of all to education in 1948. This had a scope that was wider than formal schooling, taking in adult literacy, concerns with equality, and a stress on education for peace. In the 1960s, UNESCO sponsored regional conferences to promote the ideas of universal, compulsory, and free education, with a focus on both primary schooling and adult literacy. A number of rights-based international instruments,


We investigate the $L^2$-supercritical and $\dot{H}^1$-subcritical nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation in $H^1$. In \cite{G1} and \cite{yuan}, the mass-energy quantity $M(Q)^{\frac{1-s_{c}}{s_{c}}}E(Q)$ has been shown to be a threshold for the dynamical behavior of solutions of the equation. In the present paper, we study the dynamics at the critical level $M(u)^{\frac{1-s_{c}}{s_{c}}}E(u)=M(Q)^{\frac{1-s_{c}}{s_{c}}}E(Q)$ and classify the corresponding solutions using modulation theory, non-trivially generalize the results obtained in \cite{holmer3} for the 3D cubic Schr\"{o}dinger equation.


AimTo evaluate the correlation between the clinical Kirk Watson test and arthroscopic Geissler classification in scapholunate instability.MethodsAll patients undergoing wrist arthroscopy between April 2006 and April 2010 were evaluated. Patients were included in the study if they had a Kirk Watson test and a wrist arthroscopy with an assessment of the stability of the scapholunate joint using the Geissler classification. Patients who had a Kirk Watson test performed with subsequent normal scapholunate joint at arthroscopy were included as a control group. Geissler grades 1 and 2 and grades 3 and 4 were grouped for further analysis into low and high grade instability groups respectively.Results76 patients were included in the study. 62 had scapholunate pathology and 14 had normal arthroscopic examinations of the stability of the joint. A positive test was found in 30% (3) of patients with grade 1 instability, 29% (4) with grade 2, 60% (12) with grade 3 and 78% (14) with grade 4 instability demonstrated at ...


The invention relates to a method of treating an optical lens coated on at least one major surface of an outer hydrophobic and / or oleophobic coating, intended to make it suitable for trimming, comprising a step of processing the peripheral region said main surface coated resulting in the removal of the hydrophobic and / or oleophobic and / or a modification of said coating that lowers the hydrophobic character and a step of depositing a temporary coating of polymeric nature on said main surface of the lens so as to cover at least partially hydrophobic and / or oleophobic and the peripheral region treated in the previous step, providing an optical lens having on at least one of its major surfaces an outer hydrophobic and / or oleophobic and in direct contact with said hydrophobic and / or oleophobic coating a temporary nature p olymere adhering to the surface of the lens revetue.L'invention also relates to an edging method and a lens adapted to the edging.


This article is devoted to improving the energy efficiency of the traction power supply system AC 25 kV by reducing the balancing current. The balancing current flows in the traction network at the occurrence of the difference of the vectors of voltages on adjacent substations. The model of traction network is developed in the software complex MatLab/Simulink. This model allows to make calculations of power losses from balancing currents. The article considers the influence of the location of the electric rolling stock on the value of the voltage difference at adjacent substations and power losses. The article analyzes the known devices and methods to reduce the balancing current. The authors proposed a device with a booster transformer located at the post of sectioning the contact network. The device determines the voltage at the substations using phasor measurement unit. The estimated payback period of the proposed device is 2 years.


The application and principle of ultrasonic device to prevent scale depositing for the sulfuric- contained sewage stripping unit were introduced.The valid path was found out to reduce the scale depositing speed of the purified water cooler in vapor-lifted unit.


res the effect of accent on duration from the Japanese rhythmic structure. Phonetic al that prepausal vowel duration significantly varies by more than 40% depending on accent is great degree of durational variation restricted tion suggests that the prepausal position is free ts of mora timing in Japanese.


In this paper, to improve the precision of PLC in Industry Auto-control ,the characters of PLC scan and output are researched, and from the perspectives action way of PLC , inertia of circuit and design of program , the eorrors of the actions of the touch-point of PLC software are analysed.


Purple sweet potato is one of the anthocyanin sources that potential to normalize blood sugar levels in diabetics because it can inhibit α-glucosidase. Since it easily damaged, processing into flour or chips is an alternative to extend the shelf life. This study aimed to determine the content of total phenol, total anthocyanin and inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme by crude anthocyanin extract from fresh purple sweet potato, conventional and modified flour and chips. Testing of total phenol, anthocyanin and inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme activity were carried out using the spectrophotometric method. The results showed that total phenol, anthocyanin and inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme activity from crude anthocyanin extracts using acid solutions in fresh purple sweet potato were respectively 291.7 mg GAEs/100g, 122.1 mg/100 g; 41.73%; sweet potato flour at 212.1 mg GAEs/100 g, 171.3 mg/100 g; 37.61%; purple sweet potato flour rich in resistant starch of 182.5 mg GAEs/100 g, 141.1 mg/100 g; 65.59%; purple sweet potato flour partially gelatinized of 193.5 mg GAEs/100 g, 139.4 mg/100 g; 39.91%; and purple sweet potato chips of 299.5 mg GAEs/100 g, 203.6 mg/100 g, 44.73%. The ability of anthocyanin to inhibit the activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme could be increased through the retrogradation of starch and frying into chips


Proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-17( IL-17) is mainly generated by Th17 cells.IL-17 can promote a variety of cells to release inflammatory factors,can mediate the inflammatory response and immune response through stimulating the neutrophil recruitment and activation.Current studies demonstrate that IL-17cells and related cytokines have a very important role in the process of protection against bacterial and fungal infections and autoimmune diseases,cancer and other diseases.Here is to make a review of the relationship between interleukin-17 and a range of diseases and its roles in the genesis and development of the diseases.