The stability of slope in Taishan Nuclear Power Station has direct effect on the construction of project and the safety in operating period.The attenuation laws of vibration velocity induced by slope blasting are obtained through in-situ vibration test.The amplification effect in the particle vibration velocity of upper slope steps accompanied by altitude increasing is verified;and this effect is more explicit in horizontal direction.Additionally,the vertical peak velocity of inside particle of the first step above blasting area is generally larger than that in horizontal direction;and the ratio is 1.5 on average.But the vertical velocity attenuates more quickly with the transmission of stress wave.The horizontal peak velocity is the same as vertical direction or a little bigger till the third step.Then,vibration speed,displacement of the slope particle and plastic area under explosion are simulated by three dimensional distinct element code(3DEC).The results obtained are compared with that from site monitoring.It is shown that the both are in a good agreement.Under explosion load,the slope top of each level appears permanent displacement but value is small;while the plastic area just locates around the blasting area,so the whole slope is stable.


The Concept of the whole utterance, we are inclined to to believe, is basic in meaning-theory. But any theory which locates a conceptual base must show how items in the super-structure relate to that base, and so for theories of meaning. There are units of meaning both larger and smaller than whole utterances: narrative, in which several whole utterances follow one another in some organized fashion, seems relatively unproblematic, but the relations of meaningful parts of utterances to the utterances themselves remains unclear. Grice's theory of meaning secures the logical priority of whole utterances, and in addition, lends itself to an attractive and theoretically fruitful view of the relations between whole utterances and their meaningful parts; or so I shall try to demonstrate.


4,296,433 10/1981 Rzeszewski........................... 358/37 Primary Examiner-James J. Groody Assistant Examiner-Michael P. Dunnam Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Thomas A. Briody; William J. Streeter; Edward W. Goodman 57 ABSTRACT In order to enhance the sharpness of edges, the incom ing video signal, for example a color-difference signal, is stored upon the occurrence of an edge until the end of the transition with the value occuring before the edge appeared. The transition interval is determined in that the video signal is differentiated and passed through a threshold device. At the end of the transition interval, a change-over is effected to the new signal value.


Population decline is projected to become widespread in Europe, with the continental population set to reverse its longstanding trajectory of growth within the next five years. This represents unfamiliar demographic territory. Despite this, literature on decline remains sparse and our understanding porous. Particular epistemological deficiencies stem from a lack of both cross-national and temporal analyses of population decline. This study seeks to address these gaps through the novel application of sequence and cluster analysis techniques to examine variations in population decline trajectories since 2000 in 696 sub-national areas across 33 European territories. The methodology allows for a holistic understanding of decline trajectories capturing differences in the ordering, timing, magnitude and spatial structure of population decline. We identify a typology of population decline distinguishing seven distinct pathways to depopulation and chart their geographies. Results revealed differentiated pathways of depopulation in continental sub-regions, with consistent and rapid declines in the east, persistent but moderate declines in central Europe, accelerating declines in the south and decelerating population declines in the west. Results also revealed differentiated patterns of depopulation across the rural-urban continuum, with urban and populous areas experiencing deceleration in population decline, while population decline accelerates or stabilises in rural areas. Small and mid-sized areas displayed heterogeneous depopulation trajectories, highlighting the importance of local contextual factors in influencing trajectories of population decline. Population decline is set to overtake population growth and become the main trend of population change in most countries across wide-ranging societal and economic implications. Yet, we know very little about the spatial and temporal dynamics of population decline across the urban-rural continuum. This study sought to address this gap and developed a unique methodological approach to analyse the trajectories of depopulation in a total of 696 sub-national areas across 43 countries in Europe over an 18-year period (2000-2018). Our findings revealed that depopulation has occurred across the rural-urban continuum; in rural, urban and intermediate areas of Europe. A key contribution of our work is the identification of a typology of European population decline distinguishing seven distinct pathways to depopulation. These pathways represent the systematic ways in which population decline has unfolded, temporally, since the year 2000. The pathways recognise persistent, temporary, accelerating and decelerating trajectories of depopulation and are distinguished by the extent, sequencing and timing of their transitions between various intensities of population decline. From our analysis we highlight three main findings.


This publication summarizes the results of applied scientific work carried out in the State Scientific Institution "Institute of Education Content Modernization" (IECM) during 2016-2022. The article studies the state of implementation of the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education", focused on the modernization of domestic higher education, and assesses the European integration orientation of the measures and tools introduced. The results of a comprehensive study of all components of the higher education system are highlighted. In particular, the dynamics of changes in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the network of educational institutions and contingents of participants in the educational process, the modernization of the structure of higher education and the methodology for forming the content of education were analyzed (introduction of modern levels and degrees, list of specialities, introduction of new standards and educational programs). The article evaluates the process of solving the key educational problem – creation of a transparent and effective system of higher education quality, including the National Agency for Higher Education Quality Assurance (NAQA). The paper analyses changes and additions made to the legislative base, its target orientation and the validity of some of them. It has been established that in the process of implementation of the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education", which were also changed during its operation, an integral system of higher education and a system of ensuring the quality of educational services were built in the higher education system of Ukraine. It has been concluded that all of this makes domestic higher education more competitive in the international market of educational services and the labor market, bringing it closer to European quality standards, and speeding up the process of integration into the European educational space of higher education.


ABSTRACT We use data from the ten percent sample of the 2011 Census to explore labour market outcomes among immigrants and locals in South Africa. We show that naturalised immigrants and foreigners engage more successfully with the labour market than locals on average. The ability to access social networks improves labour market access for immigrants, but sequentially controlling for observable characteristics, including networks and location, decreases immigrants' participation and employment advantage over locals. The conditional immigrant earnings gap is negative, but because immigrants typically work in low quality jobs, their relative earnings disadvantage is entirely explained by differences in workers' occupations and industries. Our attempts to control for the possible endogeneity of immigrant status suggest that the direction of selection bias may be different for naturalised and foreign immigrants in South Africa, reinforcing the importance of distinguishing between different immigrant groups in research of this nature.


A behavioral model of the operator is proposed, characterized by memory and several variables of the internal psycho-emotional and physical state, which allows for the effective projection of its structure and functioning algorithm on the hardware processing environment in the form of memristive structures with built-in memory and numerous variables of its state.


In MANETS, networks might carries with it devices with heterogeneous characteristics in terms of transmission power, energy, capacity, radio, etc. In such heterogeneous network, nodes are doubtless to transmit at completely different power levels, thereby inflicting communication links of variable vary. This causes link spatial property downside. Also, attributable to interference raised by high power nodes, the out turn of such networks is going to be severely affected. Literature survey of current works, counsel ways that to solely notice the simplex links and to avoid transmissions through such links. They are doing not contemplate the advantages of high- energy nodes. This paper highlights strategies to enhance the routing performance of power heterogeneous MANETs by with efficiency exploiting the benefits and avoiding the disadvantages of high-energy nodes.


Introduction to the structure and characteristics of engine testing facility by FEV company Germany,the components and principles of dynamometer,environment control system,test control system and electric control system.Research and analysis to the typical failure,reasons,maintenance summary and countermeasures of exhaust pressure failure and electric failure.This plays an instructional role to the testing facility and countermeasures to the equipment failure.


Experimental measurement of radiation temperature by a streaked optical pyrometer and a soft X-ray spectrometer viewing through the laser entrance hole are performed on SG-Ⅲ prototype laser facility. It was found that the two methods compares well. Using the power balance relation,the laser-hohlraum coupling efficiency for  1.0 mm×1.7 mm hohlraum and  1.0 mm×2.1 mm hohlraum is around 50%—55%.


A microphone link system is disclosed that comprises a microphone converting an acoustic sound signal into an electrical sound signal, a slave unit to which the microphone is connected, a master unit, and a bus connecting the slave unit to the master unit. The slave unit comprises an analog-to-digital converter that is configured to convert the electrical sound signal into a digital sound signal; a signal processor that is connected downstream of the analog-to-digital converter and that is configured to process the digital sound signal into a data signal; and a bus interface connected between the signal processor and the bus. The bus interface provides to the slave unit electrical power taken from the bus, sends the data signal to the master unit via the bus and receives from and sends to the master unit control signals via the bus.


"It's hard to put into words how good this feels. There's a psychological comfort blanket that comes with owning your own data. I see my


Mechanical properties of high strength ductile cast iron for the brake caliper of truck were investigated. Meanwhile the nodularity and nodule count decreased respectively from 92 and 95 to 80% and with increased thickness, the volume fractions of graphite, pearlite and ferrite didn't change much and were in the ranges of 12.0-13.5, 52.6-55.0 and 33.0-35.2, respectively. Hardness, tensile strength and elongation in the mechanical properties of the castings of brake caliper were BHN 241, 710 MPa and 9.5%, respectively.


The earliest choral festival in Taiwan was organized by the Council for Cultural Affairs in 1991. The Taipei Philharmonic Foundation for Culture and Education, a non-profit organization, has taken over and hosted the Taipei International Choral Festival (TICF) since 1996. It is the pioneer of a private choral festival in Taiwan. TICF has been making great efforts to introduce outstanding foreign performers to Taiwan and to educate the local talented musicians. It is the most well-known choral Festival in Taiwan with international standard. This study aimed to exam how a non-government organization can achieve its goal of international exchange by hosting a choral festival. This research cross-examined the secondary data and the in-depth interviews and tried to understand the current situation of TICF and its organizing process. SWOT analysis was used as the framework to evaluate 10 interviewees' information, including organizers, experts and participants. Several suggestions were raised after the findings. Although it did not get the government funding every year, TICF builds strong connections with several international organizations, which help the festival to expand its scale year by year. The master courses also increase the attractions of the festival to all the choral lovers.


Pancreatic lipase is a potential therapeutic target to treat diet‐induced obesity in humans, as obesity‐related diseases continue to be a global problem. Despite intensive research on finding potential inhibitors, very few compounds have been introduced to clinical studies. In this work, new chemical scaffold 1H‐indene‐(1,3,5,6)‐tetrol was proposed using knowledge‐based approach, and 36 inhibitors were derived by modifying its functional groups at different positions in scaffold. To explore binding affinity and interactions of ligands with protein, CDOCKER and AutoDock programs were used for molecular docking studies. Analyzing results of rigid and flexible docking algorithms, inhibitors C_12, C_24, and C_36 were selected based on different properties and high predicted binding affinities for further analysis. These three inhibitors have different moieties placed at different functional groups in scaffold, and to characterize structural rationales for inhibitory activities of compounds, molecular dynamics simulations were performed (500 nSec). It has been shown through simulations that two structural fragments (indene and indole) in inhibitor can be treated as isosteric structures and their position at binding cleft can be replaced by each other. Taking into account these information, two lines of inhibitors can further be developed, each line based on a different core scaffold, that is, indene/indole.


The aim of this study is to evaluate the impacts of this expansion on the income of people in the state's districts and towns. Beginning with a breakdown of the main determinants of per capita income, a spatial dynamic panel model is proposed. The proportion of adults in the municipal population, the labour force utilization rate, and the average labour income were used as control variables. Furthermore, to isolate the impacts of the expansion of the sugarcane sector on per capita gross domestic product (GDP), the share of farming in municipal areas, the share of agriculture within farming in general, the share of sugarcane farming within agriculture, and a dummy for districts and towns with an operational plant were included in the model. The series cover the 645 districts and towns of Sao Paulo State from 2000 to 2008. The results of the system generalized method of moments (system-GMM) showed a positive relationship of spatial and temporal dependence in the real per capita GDP. And the estimated direct and indirect effects indicate that the expansion of the sugarcane sector had a positive impact on per capita GDP, both in towns where the expansion took place and in their neighbouring towns.


Advancements in technology have provided us with the availability of high-peformance processors from the high end of computing to the personal computer. In addition, technology growth has enabled us to envision sixteen megabytes of real storage for a personal computer.

As a result, we have witnessed not only a tremendous growth at the high end of the computing spectrum, but also the development of sophisticated personal computers (e.g., the IBM PC XT/370) with real storage capacities approaching those of high-end computers of a decade ago.

This growth at both ends of the computing spectrum has given us a choice. We can either allow a clean separation to grow between personal computer and host or provide a means by which they cooperate in providing quality service to the user without the complexity normally associated with high-end systems. This paper explores what such a cooperation could mean.


Based on the Reynolds time-averaged N-S equations and a RNG k-e turbulence model, a centrifugal pump was simulated for three schemes of wear-rings clearance modification, i.e. only front wear-ring clearance modified, only rear wear-ring clearance modified, and both clearances modified. Comparison shows a good agreement of the numerical results with experiments. Among the three schemes, the front clearance change has the most significant influence on the performance of centrifugal pump. A change in wear-ring clearances not only has an effect on volumetric loss, but on pump performance. A flow structure analysis shows that the modification effects manifest in the front and rear chambers, also in the outlet of clearances, while insignificant in other sections of the pump. As the clearance widens, a low pressure area in the chamber tends to expand toward the volute and a high-pressure zone near the clearance outlet has a tendency to expand toward the impeller inlet. This further causes an increase in static pressure at the pump inlet and a consequent improvement on the cavitation performance of the pump in high flow conditions.


The low‐lying Rydberg and intravalence excited states of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone, accessed by multiphoton absorption, have been investigated at ab initio level according to quantum electrodynamical formalisms, by utilizing random‐phase‐approximation vertical transition energies and amplitudes. For all three carbonyls, two‐photon spectroscopic properties which could be detected with various experimental arrangements have been reported. For formaldehyde, an exhaustive overview on spectroscopic observables associated with multiphoton absorption is presented. The transition probability coefficients and polarization ratios for two‐, three‐, and four‐photon single‐color absorption from plane polarized, circularly polarized, and unpolarized light have been evaluated. The molecular response to concerted absorption of two and three photons from two laser beams under various polarization conditions has been investigated as a function of the photon energies. An attempt has also been made to estimate ...


tained that psychological processing involves rhythmic organization, research concerned explicitly with children's rhythmic skills is best characterized as scattered.1 Most frequently, investigators have concentrated upon devising an apparatus that could measure rhythmic sensitivity reliably2 (Jersild and Bienstock), or upon training a superior sense of rhythm.3 Previous studies have revealed wide individual differences and considerable individual potential for improved rhythmic sensitivity. Yet, perhaps due to the emphasis on training and the difficulty of measurement, only one study includes an inventory of children's ability to duplicate rhythmic patterns. Stambak administered twenty-one patterns ranging from three to eight blows to subjects of different ages and recorded the number of blows that the average child at each age level could handle.4 Patterns were administered in order of apparent difficulty, and a ratio of 4:1 between long and short beats was used. If a subject missed four items in a row, the test was terminated. Stambak found that 3 to 4 blows could be handled by the six-year-old, 5 by the sevenor eight-year-old, 7 or 8 by the twelve-year-old. Six-year-olds averaged 9 errors in 21 problems, eight-year-olds averaged 51/2 errors, and twelve-year-olds averaged 3 errors. Unfortunately, Stambak's articles contain no statistical tests and no rationale for item selection, and are deficient in other methodological and reporting aspects as well. The present study, thoungh differing in particulars, is an independent attempt to validate Stambak's findings, to provide specific norms, and to present a technique appropriate for assessment and training studies. Since rhyth-


This work is done in the Machine Dynamics Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering Department. All the observations have been recorded using universal governor apparatus set up available in the laboratory. The author studied both the actual as well as theoretical parameters of the porter governor given to the students to perform their experiments. Author noted that, at M= 1, 2 and 3 kg, the actual sensitivity of given porter governor are 24, 11 and 24% respectively. The actual average sensitivity comes to a value of 20%. While with the help of calculations, the theoretical sensitivity of given porter governor are 23, 17 and 8% respectively. The theoretical average sensitivity comes to a value of 16%. Here, it is to be noted that in both the cases, the sensitivity of the studied governor is constant. The research covers both the experimental and numerical approached. The results of this paper may serve a model for researchers in doing research work as per specific necessity in the early stage of their work.


Following proposals by United Utilities for the construction of proposed pipeline from Cliburn to Whinfell Forest, Cumbria (NGR NY 5890 2440 and NY 5710 2720), Cumbria County Council Historic Environment Service (CCCHES) requested an archaeological desk-based assessment and walkover survey relating to the application area. Oxford Archaeology North (OA North) was subsequently commissioned by United Utilities to undertake this work. In total, 74 sites of archaeological interest were identified within the study area during the desk-based assessment and walkover survey, of which 26 had been previously recorded in the Cumbria HER. The report 'Cliburn to Whinfell Forest, Penrith, Cumbria: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment and Walkover Survey' was produced in May 2008. Due to a rerouting of the proposed pipeline in Cliburn village and the Leacet Plantation/West Ling area of Whinfell Forest, a further walkover was conducted. This short document is supplementary to the main report to which reference will be made.


To cultivate the high-skilled applied personnel adapted to the regional social and economic development, vocational colleges should focus on a combination of work and study to perform specialty construc- tion in their personnel training mode, teaching mode, teaching content and curriculum system. In addition, research should be strengthened in the regular and systematic management of vocational colleges' specialty to perfect the specialty system and make a complete reform to the whole system and content of higher vocational education.


The MERL DiamondTouch is an input device that detects multiple simultaneous touches by multiple people on a surface. While MERL has produced an SDK for this surface, many lines of complicated code must be written to produce even the most basic applications. Consequently, we have created a DiamondTouch extension within our Single Display Groupware Toolkit that considerably simplifies how a programmer captures events from the DiamondTouch. We demonstrate how it works by outlining a multi-user, multi-touch drawing application.


The magnetic field and pressure dependence of the magnetic ordering transition in Na x CoO 2 Abstract. We have measured the magnetic field (H≤90 kOe) and pressure (P≤10 kbar) dependence of the magnetic ordering temperature, T mag , in single crystal samples of Na x CoO 2 for a range of Na concentrations (0.60≤x≤0.72). We show that in zero field, T mag remains constant with decreasing x before magnetic order disappears at x=0.65. Heat capacity and magnetization data show that for x=0.70, T mag is unchanged in an applied field. In contrast, magnetization data collected under hydrostatic pressure show that T mag increases from 22.0 K at 1 bar to 25.4 K at 10 kbar. This rise is at odds with the behaviour expected for model spin density wave systems.


Hypoxia and hemoglobin S polymerization are two triggers responsible for initiating erythrocyte sickling and the consequent clinical sickle cell anemia (SCA) events. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of hypoxia‐responsive genes in SCA, testing for correlation with the clinical–laboratorial characteristics of the patient and hydroxyurea therapy. Our results showed, for the first time, a significantly increased expression of HIF‐1α and VEGF genes in patients with SCA and an inverse dose–response relationship with hydroxyurea therapy. These results suggest that hypoxic stress may be involved in both the severity of SCA and its response to treatment.


The invention provides a fingerprint identification module and a manufacturing method of the fingerprint identification module. The fingerprint identification module comprises a fingerprint detecting element, a chip, a Mylar layer and a substrate. The fingerprint detecting element and the chip are located above the substrate. The fingerprint detecting element comprises an upper surface for sensing biological recognition parameters. The substrate is electrically connected to the fingerprint detecting element. The chip is located below the fingerprint detecting element and is attached to the fingerprint detecting element. The chip is electrically connected with the fingerprint detecting element. The Mylar layer covers the upper surface of the fingerprint detecting element. By means of the scheme, the structure and manufacturing process of the fingerprint identification module can be simplified effectively.


Polymeric composites of liquid polyester as a base material were prepared and studied with iron filings powder as a support material, in a ratio of (1:1), using the (TGA) and (IGA) techniques to study their thermal properties. The (TGA) values correspond to the weight ratio values at 330 °C (Wt%) and there is no agreement between the IGA values and the weight ratio values at 330 °C. There was a compatibility for the TGA values with the weight ratio values at 330 °C (Wt%) and there was no agreement between the IGA values with the weight ratio values at 330 °C, i.e. the isothermal gravimetric analysis (IGA) could not be considered a good measure of thermal stability. The values of the weight ratio at 330 °C (330 Wt%), the (TGA) values and the isothermal gravimetric analysis (IGA) values were found to be close to all networks treated at temperatures (23,53,83,123,153). The reason for this is that the unsaturated polyester contains iron filings powder, so it is not effect with heated. It was found that the neutral medium had more influence on the weight ratio values at 330 °C (Wt%). The Fuoss equation was used to calculate the energy of activation for all studied polymeric networks.


In order to improve teaching effect, the teaching ways and means are changed quickly. Compared with traditional teaching means and patterns, the application of multimedia in the teaching of medical parasitology was discussed from two aspects of theoretics and experimentation.


This article presents research on public-speaking anxiety——epidemiological and pathological characteristics,physical and mental reaction,cognitive mode and the intervention.According to the study of epidemiology and pathology,public-speaking anxiety is likely to be a unique subtype of social anxiety.Public-speaking anxiety sufferers have peculiar physical and mental reaction before,during and after a speech.In the course of speech,individuals' attentional bias to the negative social performance and the resulting negative self-image are causes to lead to public-speaking anxiety.Cognitive behavioral therapy have the positive therapeutical effect on public-speaking anxiety.In the end,this paper discusses the future research direction of public-speaking anxiety——expanding the scope of sampling,improving the representativeness of research objects,obtaining more promotional research conclusions;And further explores other factors' effects on public-speaking anxiety and other relative deep problems;Probes new cognitive behavioral therapy such as CBT with exposure to virtual reality,its therapeutical effect on public-speaking anxiety sufferers in China.


The possibilities and challenges of youth development nowadays are followed by serious drug misuse problems among the younger generation, which continue to endanger the existence of youth as the holder of the leadership baton in attaining the nation's objectives. It has been demonstrated that drug misuse and illegal trafficking harm the nation's future. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop alternative strategies and policy recommendations that are acceptable and successful in preventing the dangers of teenage drug misuse. Using the analytical technique of Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing, the outcomes were analyzed (SAST). The data utilized are both primary and secondary and pertain to teenage drug addiction. This research focuses on five districts and cities in West Java and DKI Jakarta. The findings indicate that the prevalence of substance misuse in Indonesia remains relatively high. Therefore, efforts have been made at both the central and regional levels to combat the hazards of drug usage. There are five aspects of prevention that must be considered. Coordinate and synergize the implementation of an action plan program that can describe the model and form of anti-drug cadre training beginning with planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating, as well as integrating with other programs at the central and regional levels, is required to address these issues. regions as well as a defined road map for post-training anti-drug cadres as sustainable P4GN agents of change.


Abstract In late 2010, Azerbaijan tried to introduce a ban on hijab in all secondary schools, referring to an article of the new Law of Education that mandated school uniforms. The supporters of the ban argued that the hijab was inimical to Azerbaijani culture and law because it violated the separation of religion and state, was a propaganda tool of Islamist fundamentalists funded from abroad, and was a foreign form of clothing that did not exist in Azerbaijani culture. This article examines why hijab is the focus of controversy in Azerbaijan. The supporters of the ban offered simple oppositions, such as secularism versus theocracy, modernity versus backwardness, and national versus foreign, to explain and justify the ban. However, these dichotomies do not capture the complexities of Islam in Azerbaijan. Rather, they are polemics that blur more than they reveal. In this article, I argue that the debates around the hijab controversy in Azerbaijan are a political discourse aimed at building a nation. The key contribution of this article is to examine the wider historical trajectory of the political discourse that constructed hijab as fundamentalist, backward, threatening, and alien, through discussing the topics of secularism, Islamist politics, modernity, and nationalism.


In the classical setting of the change‐point problem, the maximum‐likelihood estimator and the traditional confidence region for the change‐point parameter are considered. It is shown that the probability of the correct decision, the coverage probability and the expected size of the confidence set converge exponentially fast as the sample size increases to infinity. For this purpose, the tail probabilities of the first passage times are studied. General inequalities are established, and exact asymptotics are obtained for the case of Bernoulli distributions. A closed asymptotic form for the expected size of the confidence set is derived for this case via the conditional distribution of the first passage times.


By analyzing the conflict between the comprehensive maintenance skylight of passenger dedicated line and driving at night,propose different operation organization methods to different skylight modes are proposed,which can meet the driving needs of off-line train and sunset-departure and sunrise-arrival train.


The neutralizer of a high-power ion thruster was characterized over a range of flow rates at the nominal thruster operating condition of 3.6 A of ion beam current at a beam voltage of 5500 V. Near-neutralizer Langmuir probes were used to characterize the local plasma and detect the transition from spot to plume mode. Consistent with the Langmuir probe measurements, it was found that neutralizer coupling voltage, rather than the magnitude of neutralizer-keeper-voltage oscillations, was most indicative of the spot to plume mode transition. Additionally, neutralizer-keeper-barrel erosion due to extreme, off-axis ions was investigated. No such energetic ion flux was detected using strategically placed, coated witness plates. Nomenclature Ja = accelerator-grid current Jb = beam current T = time Vg = neutralizer coupling voltage Vnk = neutralizer keeper-to-cathode voltage Vp = plasma potential


This work presents experimental liquid densities and ultrasonic velocities for a collection of substituted aromatic compounds (isobutylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, butylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, p-xylene, m-xylene and o-xylene) at the range of temperature 278.15–323.15 K and atmospheric pressure of a collection of halogenated and aromatic hydrocarbons. Fitting equations were applied to data in order to correlate for later computer-based design. The estimation of the studied properties was made by the application of different theoretical procedures. An equation of state based on the generalised Van der Waals theory which combines the Staverman–Guggenheim combinatorial term of lattice statistics with an attractive lattice gas expression and the free length theory (FLT) showed a good response at the studied conditions.


Objective To analyze the sonographic characteristics and diagnostic methods of isolated calf vein thrombosis. Methods The muscular vein as soleal veins and gastrocnemial veins, the posterior tibial veins, the peroneal veins, the anterior tibial veins, together with the proximal deep veins above the knee, were imaged to show if there were thrombi in the veins. Results Thirteen cases of isolated calf vein thrombosis were detected. In 77% cases the calf muscular veins were involved, the others included peroneal veins or posterior tibial veins, and there was no involvement of anterior tibial veins. The thrombosis of a single vein in the soleus muscle was the most common pattern, and in half cases the venous reflux of the proximal deep or superficial veins was also found. Conclusion Ultrasound is effective in diagnosis of isolated calf vein thrombosis, and the calf veins should be examined routinely, especially the soleal and gastrocnemial veins.


Total factor productivity is a key factor in promoting economic growth, and it can also be part of the main yardsticks for judging the quality of economic growth. Although China's economic development has achieved tremendous results during the "Eleventh Five-Year" and "Twelfth Five-Year" periods, due to the increasingly serious environmental problems in China, while considering economic development in the future, all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities across the country must also pay attention to environmental protection issues. Therefore, the green total factor productivity can more scientifically reflect the current energy consumption and the overall quality of regional economic development under environmental protection constraints. This paper aims to study the economic green total factor productivity calculation based on data processing technology. Based on the analysis of the calculation ideas and methods of total factor productivity and the way of green total factor productivity growth, the super-efficiency SBM model and GML productivity index are used to compare S province's green total factor productivity from 2010 to 2019 was measured and decomposed into technical progress and technical efficiency for in-depth analysis. The calculation results show that the quality of S province's production is overall showing a positive trend.


Context  Tomorrow's Doctors provides guidance about what is considered core knowledge for medical graduates. One core area of knowledge identified is the individual in society: graduates are required to understand the social and cultural environments in which medicine is practised in the UK. Yet, despite the presence of the behavioural and social sciences (B&SS) in medical curricula in the UK for the past 30 years, barriers to their implementation in medical education remain.


A method and an apparatus for controlling the duty ratio of an LED(Light Emitting Diode) dot-matrix module are provided to enhance compatibility among various display modules by standardizing driving signals for the display modules. A memory(110) receives display data from the outside and stores the display data. A duty ratio setting register(124) sets one duty ratio and stores the duty ratio. A position setting register(126) sets position information of an LED dot-matrix module with respect to plural driving circuits and stores the position information. An output address generator(116) receives the duty ratio and the position information from the registers and outputs a read address, so that the display data corresponding to the duty ratio is outputted from the memory. A line selector selects a line of the LED dot-matrix module corresponding to the position information from the output address generator and outputs the display data.


This article considers the possibility of using low-temperature plasma generated by a radio frequency (RF) plasma torch to maintain stable combustion of ammonia in oxygen using the methods of 3-D modeling. Several detailed and reduced kinetic mechanisms have been used to characterize an ammonia combustion chamber. The distributions of the combustion chamber's parameters are obtained for various modes of its operation. The results can be used in the design of advanced ammonia combustion devices.


We investigate the use of Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) for efficient text classification with a large number of categories and propose several extensions which improve the performance of ECOC. ECOC has been shown to perform well for classification tasks, including text classification, but it still remains an under-explored area in ensemble learning algorithms. We explore the use of error-correcting codes that are short (minimizing computational cost) but result in highly accurate classifiers for several real-world text classification problems. Our results also show that ECOC is particularly effective for highprecision classification. In addition, we develop modifications and improvements to make ECOC more accurate, such as intelligently assigning codewords to categories according to their confusability, and learning the decoding (combining the decisions of the individual classifiers) in order to adapt to different datasets. To reduce the need for labeled training data, we develop a framework for ECOC where unlabeled data can be used to improve classification accuracy. This research will impact any area where efficient classification of documents is useful such as web portals, information filtering and routing, especially in open-domain applications where the number of categories is usually very large, and new documents and categories are being constantly added, and the system needs to be very efficient.


The lack of understanding on Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is always a concern among the service providers especially banks. Banks have their own way of managing their relationships with the customers. However, the perception of customers on CRM practices among banks should also be taken into consideration. This is important as providing services to customers are their core business. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between customers" perceptions on CRM practices and demographic factors (gender, age, education level, occupation, income, and public sector banking usage). Information pertaining to this study was collected by distributing a well structured interview schedule among the public sector bank customers in Tirunelveli District.


Currency inconvertibility has been a systemic feature of the former Centrally Planned Economies (CPEs). The purpose of the paper is to show how major theoretical proposals have dealt with rouble convertibility and, accordingly, to specify the role of convertibility in the transition towards market economy. Considered at first as consistent with the CPE, convertibility was then seen as a target and finally as a powerful means of the transition. As such it has been integrated in a set of reform measures whose enforcement strategy-sequencing or shock therapy- turned, owing to the political and economic turmoil, in favor of the latter. Nonetheless, the lack of restrictive budgetary and monetary policies have impeded convertibility to secure the restructuration process. There is no substitute, not even a nominal anchor, to macroeconomic stability for sustaining the rouble convertibility to enhance the transition.


Abstract New phosphonate mono-methyl esters which are designed to have properties intermediate between the acid and the diesters and thus able to form discrete metal complexes with enhanced solubility in water, were synthesized using 2-(2-aminoethyl) pyridine as starting reagent, considering that the presence of the pyridyl moiety in such aminophosphonates could be of great relevance for preparation of discrete metal complexes. The procedure used allowed to obtain in rather good yields the phosphonic acid mono-methyl esters directly in a one-pot synthesis starting from the corresponding Schiff bases (not isolated) and dimethyl phosphite.


Background and aims: Suicide is a health related problem and is a social pathology that .there are a lots of risk factors in which .This study was done for investigation of these factors for effective prevention and intervention in the under study population. Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 233 cases of suicide attempts in Lordegan city during 2001-2011 were studied. The required data were collected through forms which were designed for this purpose and then data were analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficient and chi-square test, using SPSS software and Krummer and exact Fisher tests. Results: This study indicated that 77.6% of 223 cases were in the ages of 15-34 years old, 64.8% of them were women, 36.2% of them had primary educations, 75.5% of them inhabited in villages, 34.8% of these cases leaded to death, 54.5% of them were single, and the most prevalent way used to suicide was consuming drugs (approximately 47.6%). The most reason of committing suicide was family problems (approximately 62.2%), the maximum rate of committing suicide resulting in death was mostly reported in fall season.(28.8) the statistical tests indicated that there are a significant relationship between the result of suicide with the way of committing that (P=0.001), outcome of suicide with seasons (P= 0.002) and attempt to suicide with gender (P=0.001). but no significant relationship was found between committing suicide and other factors (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the fact that suicide attempt occur among youth, married women, single men, villagers, and individuals with elementary education more than other people,it is necessary that preventive measures be anticipated for these groups by the researchers.


The present invention belongs to the field of lithium ion cell producing technology. During the refining of electrolyte, deacidifying agent comprising the oxide of A1, Mg, Si, Ca and Ba or their mixture and in the amount of 0.5-20 wt% of the electrolyte is added to deacidify at 10-150 deg.c for 5-60 min; and dewatering agent active carbon, lithium molecular sieve, activated alumina, silica gel and calcium sulfate in the amount of 5-30 wt% of the electrolyte is added to dewater at 10-50 deg.c for 0.5-24 hr. The deacidifying and dewatering treatment can reduce the acid content in the electrolyte to below 30 ppm and water content to below 30 ppm and improve the quality of electrolyte.


Monopoly carries with it the seeds of doom and destruction because of the injustice, intransigence, high prices and affliction it causes, and the waste of freedom of trade and industry, and blocks the outlets for work and the doors of livelihood. What they possess until the price rises and they sell at a great profit without fear of Allah and care for the poor and needy of the nation. This phenomenon I witnessed in my wounded country, Iraq. Scholars and scholars have always warned about it, but few respond. Monopoly enjoys one of the pillars of the modern capitalist system, and a feature of economic dealings in most of the countries. Companies, if not in all of them, although it carries with it the seeds of destruction and destruction because of what it causes in injustice, intransigence, high prices, and affliction.


In order to effectively inhibit enzymatic browning in Agaricus bisporus,effects of pH values,temperature,substrate concentration and inhibitors on polyphenol oxidase(PPO) activity from Agaricus bisporus were studied.The results showed that the optimum pH value and temperature for PPO activity from Agaricus bisporus were 6.8 and 15-20℃ using pyrocatechol as substrate.The Michaelis constant of PPO was Km = 0.1072 mol/L.Computational imaging analysis showed that mixture of 0.30 mmol/L sodium sulfite,0.06% ascorbic acid and 0.05% acetic acid had effective inhibition on enzymatic browning in Agaricus bisporus.


subject under a new title given to it by a distinguished member of the London Obstetrical Society, who has recently published in the Edinburgh Medical Journal an article entitled, u The New Method of inducing Premature Labour at a Predetermined Hour." The author to whom I now refer, Dr Robert Barnes, also read some time ago, at a meeting of the Obstetrical Society of London, an excellent paper on the " Indications and Operations for the Induction of Premature Labour, and for the Acceleration of Labour," which


The past few decades several attempts have been made to get a better understanding of the diversity in appearance and expression of sustainable architecture. This paper will investigate different recent approaches to classification of sustainable residential design. Two recent student projects focusing on the contemporary context in The Netherlands will be presented to illustrate these classification approaches. First a brief summary of relevant publications dealing with recent attempts to classify the aesthetic dimension of sustainable architecture will be presented. These various taxonomy endeavors show both the variety and similarities particularly in the applied vocabulary. Led by these selected contemporary publications two recent case studies will be presented: a design project by 24 master students at the Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) and a research project involving 14 master TU/e-students. In the design studio the assignment was to design a housing complex for 36 students located in Rotterdam. Key issue in the project was the explicit instruction to investigate the possibilities of replacing building services and devices by passive architectural and spatial solutions. Analyzing the results afterwards the designs can be related to the vocabulary derived from the classification approaches in the selected references.


The Whisper instruments on board each of the four Cluster spacecraft exploring the Earth magnetosphere, routinely observe the Non Thermal Continuum emissions (NTC). The various and combined points of view provided by 4 spacecraft in the 2-80 kHz frequency range allow the detection of the different forms of these emissions, narrow band and broad band, emitting from source regions in the plasmapause boundary layer, close to the magnetic equator but also at mid latitude. This paper presents selected examples of new knowledge gained on the NTC radiations, locations and mechanisms, coming from the 15 years of observations of Cluster-Whisper.


Purpose. Globalization of markets creates a perception of homogeneity that should be verify. In Introducing a new product in a culturally distant market international companies should analyze the cultural context and verify the consistency between their marketing offer and the destination market. This paper aims to analyze if and how the cultural context affects the international marketing strategy of a company. Design approach. In order to analyze the influence of the cultural context on international marketing strategies, a qualitative research has been developed using focus group technique. Three different focus groups, have been developed, targeting Generation Z, Young Mathers and Young Professionals Finding. The research highlighted that the Chinese consumers have a different perception, use, and role of the product, compared to the ones in the traditional international markets of the company, pushing the company to reconsider its international strategy in different cultural contexts. Research limitation. The research process was limited because based only on one case study, even if emblematic, and only on three targets in an internationalized context as the city of Shanghai. Practical implications. Managers should develop international marketing strategy after a deep analysis of the cultural context of the destination market and adapt it to the local perception and the cultural assessment of the product. Originality. The use of focus group methodology in order to indagate how the cultural context can influence the perception of the product is not used in marketing research literature, despite its evident effectiveness in such a purpose.


This chapter introduces the thesis of the book: the claim that it is possible for an act to wrongfully harm a person even if the act takes place after the person is dead. It then explains the significance of this thesis and critically discusses two strategies that might be used to defend it. Finally, the chapter provides a brief overview of the main argument the book provides in defense of this thesis. The argument rests on three main premises and the chapter concludes by providing a brief explanation and defense of each of them.


Abstract The sand and gravel resources of County Durham are mainly of Quaternary age, predominantly dating from the latter part of the Devensian stage of the Pleistocene and are the result of a complex pattern of glacial recession. A recent study predicted the distribution of drift deposits from a model based on published information, limited field observations and the analysis of approximately 6000 items of subsurface information; predominantly borehole records. This model, which describes the sequence of events during the Devensian glaciation of the area and infers palaeogeographical changes was an essential element in the assessment of the nature and distribution of granular Sediments and the prediction of mineral quality. The assessment identified 178 km2 of potential resource, in both outcrop and subcrop, 53 km2 of which had not been previously shown on published maps and plans.


Dark matter can be captured by celestial objects and accumulate at their centers, forming a core of dark matter that can collapse to a small black hole, provided that the annihilation rate is small or zero. If the nascent black hole is big enough, it will grow to consume the star or planet. We calculate the rate of dark matter accumulation in the Sun and Earth, and use their continued existence to place novel constraints on high mass asymmetric dark matter interactions. We also identify and detail less destructive signatures: a newly-formed black hole can be small enough to evaporate via Hawking radiation, resulting in an anomalous heat flow emanating from Earth, or in a flux of high-energy neutrinos from the Sun observable at IceCube. The latter signature is entirely new, and we find that it may cover large regions of parameter space that are not probed by any other method.


Data distribution apparatus of the present invention, video minute to distribute the video data according to the distribution request from the data file, and the receiving terminal to store the image data and the advertisement data for providing to a receiving terminal of a (Video On Demand) VOD service distribution, the distribution of the advertisement data of the case, which is identified as being the image presented confirmation unit to confirm the present state of the image data in the receiving terminal, the video data to be distributed by the image distribution is called the receiving terminal a crystal, and the advertisement data received advertisement distribution determination section for specifying the present location of the terminal and, the advertisement distribution determination section determines to along the advertising distribution for distributing the advertisement data to be provided at the location of the receiving terminal It includes.


In this study, we used two cases of innovation policy implementation to illustrate an improved managerial flow model. One North Singapore offers an example of successful policy implementation with top-down approach, in which public managers identify the gaps and close them through managerial actions. Tianhe Software Park in China offers an example of under-implementation using bottom-up approach, in which additional measures are needed to close the gaps to facilitate successful implementation. Incentive governance and knowledge capacity development are identified as the roots of implementation failure in both cases.


The invention provides an ultrasonic metal surface machining process for a cylindrical grinding machine. The ultrasonic metal surface machining process comprises the following steps of: (1) machining the surface of a workpiece before ultrasonic machining so as to reach machining requirements; (2) clamping the workpiece on a workbench of the cylindrical grinding machine, and mounting an ultrasonic metal surface machining device for the grinding machine on a grinding wheel frame of the cylindrical grinding machine; (3) starting the cylindrical grinding machine, so that the workpiece rotates along with a mainshaft of the grinding machine, and is longitudinally fed along the workbench of the grinding machine; (4) starting the ultrasonic metal surface machining device, so that an ultrasonic machining cutter on the ultrasonic metal surface machining device is in contact with the workpiece and applies a certain pressure to the workpiece; and (5) carrying out ultrasonic machining on the surface of the workpiece, where the parameters during ultrasonic machining is selected according to the material quality of the workpiece. The ultrasonic metal surface machining process is used for definitely formulating a clamping mode and process parameters of the workpiece which is subjected to ultrasonic machining on a milling machine, ensures that the ultrasonic machining is carried out at an optimal state, and achieves an optimal ultrasonic machining effect.


Reliable and safe operation of hydro-technical structures (earth dams), in the seismic regions of the republic, requires researchers to constantly improve the calculation methods in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents for basic and special combinations of loads, including seismic ones. A calculation method is proposed for estimating the stress state on the example of an earth dam of the Charvak HPP (in operation for 47 years) in a plane elastic statement under main loads, taking into account the real piecewise-inhomogeneous physical and mechanical characteristics of soil of the structure body. Individual results of solving the problem were compared with the data of long-term field observations. The calculation method allows determining the kinematic characteristics (displacements, settlements, stresses, pore pressure) of an earth dam, which makes it possible to predict the state of the most vulnerable places in the structure and, if necessary, to develop appropriate measures to strengthen them. The problem was solved by the numerical finite element method. According to the developed technique, the problem by the numerical finite element method was reduced to solving a system of linear equations relative to the desired displacements. The calculation results are presented in the form of isolines of the stress-strain state of the dam body under the main loads (gravitational forces, hydrostatics). The numerical results of solving the problem and their comparison with the data of field observations make it possible to determine the reliability of the developed methods and software and thereby determine the vulnerable zones of the earth dam, where the loss of stable operation of the structure is possible. Based on the research results, appropriate recommendations were made.


Why does the public sector innovate, how should the public sector innovate, and, even more basically, should the public sector innovate? These are some of the questions that these contributions explore and to which they provide some salutary answers. Martin Stewart-Weeks, an independent consultant working at the intersection of government, innovation, and technology, draws some lessons from his direct experience and advisory work about how the public sector catches the innovation 'bug' and turns it into in- spired action. From infection to inspiration to implementation, the public sector needs to lower its defences and put itself 'in harm's way' to engage with innovators and new ideas. Tim Kastelle, one of Australia's leading innovation scholars and practitioners, sets out some practical ways that the public sector can extend and entrench its innovation practice. These include managing innovation as a process, shifting the risk equation, and experimenting.


Background: Nasal obstruction is a common health problem that disrupts a person's quality of life (QoL). The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale (NOSE) is a QoL scale with questions specific to nasal obstruction symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate surgical success in patients who underwent nasal septal deviation surgery by using a NOSE assessment, thus determining the importance and efficacy of surgery in this group of patients.Methods: This study was conducted in between January 2016 and June 2017, including a total of 60 patients. The age range of the patients was 18–57 (mean, 34.4±9.9 years). The preoperative and postoperative scoring and surgeries were performed by the same investigator. The surgeries were septoplasty and radiofrequency applied to the inferior concha to overcome conchal hypertrophy. Preoperative mean scores were compared with postoperative second-month values. The importance of difference was evaluated with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.  Results: Preoperative minimum, maximum and mean scores were 65.0, 100.0 and 83.4 (83.41±8.15), respectively. Postoperative minimum, maximum and mean scores were 10.0, 35.0 and 21.6 (21.66±8.06), respectively. The difference in mean scores was significant (Z=−6.778; p<0.001).Conclusions: The difficulty in evaluating patient satisfaction and postoperative success stems from differences in each surgeon's approach and the comparison of preoperative and postoperative findings. This study, which was carried out by the same researcher for all steps, differs it from similar studies.


This study aimed to estimate the microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of water in Gjakova watershed in different months of the year. In the six months, from January 2020 to June 2020 are defined changes of these parameters such as total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, aerobic mesophilic bacteria, pH, temperature, NTU, NH3, and NO2. The object of the study was treated water and untreated water from the lake. The results showed that the microbiological and physicochemical parameters of the treated water samples were within the ISO Standards for drinking water, while the parameters of the lake water samples were shown to be highest during the February and May. Therefore, periodic monitoring of water quality is recommended especially at the end of the winter season and during the spring season.


Studies show that women are more likely to own small, rather than, large livestock. This study sought to establish gendered preference for different livestock species while focusing on the gendered differences in ownership, management, and marketing of goats in Meru, Kenya. Men demonstrated a higher preference for cattle than women, who had a higher preference for poultry than men. Men and women preferred goats equally, but women derived and managed more income from goats than men. Development projects should apply a gender lens before introducing different livestock species as gender differences exist in the preference and the management of different livestock.


Recording cuffs used to register the activity of sensory afferents in peripheral nerves hold promise to provide feedback signals for closed-loop FES systems. This paper compares two modes in which the electrodes of a tripolar nerve cuff may be connected to amplifier components. The authors recorded evoked sensory activity from the sciatic nerve in an anesthetized rabbit while mechanical stimulation was applied to the central toe pad. A commercial transformer coupled amplifier and a custom amplifier that uses AMPO1 integrated circuit components were compared when each amplifier was configured in a 'quasi-tripolar' verses true tripolar configuration. Results showed that the true tripolar configuration had superior signal to noise ratio in both amplifiers. Furthermore, an excellent performance was demonstrated for the AMPO1 based amplifier without transformer coupling, suggesting that amplifiers designed for implantation (which precludes using bulky transformers) need not compromise the quality of the neural recordings.


The article deals with the features of the functioning of impersonal and infinitive sentences in the lyrics of A. Ahmatova. The analysis of the semantic and grammatical diversity of impersonal and infinitive sentences, their structure is presented.


The invention discloses a preparation method of 2-amino-5,7-dimethoxy-triazolopyrimidine, and relates to the technical field of organic synthesis. The preparation method comprises the following steps: generating ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate by taking sodium sulfocyanate and ethyl chlorocarbonate as raw materials which react with each other under the action of sodium acetate; then performing condensation reaction between ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate and 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxy pyrimidine to generate 4-[2-(4,6-dimethoxy pyrimidyl)]-3-sulfo-uric acid ethyl ester; and finally, carrying out cyclic reaction on 4-[2-(4,6-dimethoxy pyrimidyl)]-3-sulfo-uric acid ethyl ester, h hydroxylamine hydrochloride and triethylamine to generate a target product. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is mild in reaction condition, relatively short in reaction time and high in solvent recovery rate, and the recovered tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile can be directly applied indiscriminately, so that the cost is reduced and the economic benefit is improved.


ABSTRACT Multifunctional motion sensors have broad applications in the field of the internet of things (IoT). An octopus-shaped self-powered motion sensor is proposed to monitor the acceleration, motion direction, rotation speed and angle of objects. The charge transfer analysis of the sensor is carried out based on the positive piezoelectric effect, contact electrification effect and electrostatic induction. The influence of the surface microstructure and doping ZnO on the sensor sensitivity is investigated, and the improved film increases the sensor sensitivity by 13.58%. It is found that the output voltage decreases as the frequency increases. At the same frequency, the sensor output voltage amplitude is proportional to the acceleration amplitude. The test results show that the sensor can identify the motor rotation speed and angle, and the linear running direction and the motion state of the sweeping robot. Furthermore, the proposed sensor is cheap and beneficial for large-scale use.


Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)is a highly specific mitogen for endothelia cells. It has many important biological effect of accelerate endothelia cells proliferation,migration,up-regulation of the vessels permeability and so on. Study indicate that in exertion these biological effect process of VEGF,nitric oxide(NO)play absolutely necessarily effect. Along with the development of altiplano training theory,people attention to the study of VEGF effect body faculty in the condition of hypoxia exercise,so discuss the relationship between VEGF and NO can help to more expatiate the VEGF action mechanism in the condition of hypoxia exercise.


ABSTRACT Tellina tenuis shells (TTS), an environmental waste from the sea shore, was utilised as a solid catalyst for biodiesel production. Cleaned TTS were calcined in a muffle furnace at 900°C to transform calcium carbonates in the shells into calcium oxide (CaO)(TTS-CaO-900). The physiochemical properties of the catalyst was determined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Atomic X-ray Spectrometry (EDAX) techniques. The synthesized CaO was impregnated in deionized water at different time intervals and then recalcined at 600°C to transform the hydroxide form to the oxide form (TTS-CaO-900-600). The newly synthesized modified CaO catalyst (TTS-CaO-900-600)8h was found to be highly active for transesterification reaction and resulted in a high biodiesel conversion (96.47%) that was reported at a 12:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 8 wt % catalyst, 65°C in 1 h reaction time. The biodiesel conversion was determined by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H NMR).


Public relations professional associations around the world seek to enhance the professionalism of the field and to support the development of the profession and practitioners. They are aiming to promote professional standards and ethical principles, to provide a framework for discussing and finding a universally accepted definition and to increase the credibility of the profession. The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent of which the objectives of professional public relations organizations in Romania are similar to those of associations in other countries and in what way, and if they contribute to the professionalization of the PR industry.


Female college teachers faced with heavy work pressure,cumbersome family stress and more serious conflict between work and family,so it is very easy to produce negative emotion.Female college teachers should learn to accept her own emotions,and live their life with emotion,improve self-esteem,be pleased in participation,reserve favorable experience;seek emotional support,set up their own social support system,and master several ways to relax so as to regulate their negative emotions.


It is not a new issue to talk about «logic effect in Arabian grammar». Dozens of works wrote as a book, an article, and a chapter of a scientific thesis. My contribution in this research is not to increase the writings, or to repeat something ancestor of them, but I've seen most of who wrote about it either refuter never, and either a supporter at all, and either seeker in to mediate, which is in fact combines between the two views, or fabricator a third view, I did not find someone who was a neutral in his discussion for both the two views as scientifically going away of any influent. So I saw that I oppose the prover's view with the denier's view, then do the conversely, on scientific table seriously, discussing the argument both, inspecting in the answer of every one of them, using the assets of controversy in all of that, and pure impartiality, according to what is known as analysis of the knowledge - or the theory of knowledge (= Epistemology) , I chose for the parties to the dispute the two famous of who the issue had been known by them, one of them: Dr. Ibrahim Bayoumi Madkour because that his opinion to prove effect was recap what the Orientalists before him said, and he showed it as arranged show, and the other: Orientalist German «Gerard Troupeau», because he was the representative the scientists who deny idea of this effect , discusser with a deep breath.


In mechanism design, the traditional way of modeling the players' incomplete information about their opponents is "assuming a Bayesian." This assumption, however, is very strong and does not hold in many real applications. Accordingly, we put forward (1) a set-theoretic way to model the knowledge that a player might have about his opponents, and (2) a new class of mechanisms capable of leveraging such more conservative knowledge in a robust way. In auctions of a single good, we show that such a new mechanism can perfectly guarantee a revenue benchmark (always lying in between the second highest and the highest valuation) that no classical mechanism can even approximate in any robust way. ∗This work is funded by the Office of Naval Research under award number N00014091059. (Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this email are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Office of Naval Research.)


Dr Bulger's letter in your March issue is disappointing. We agree that it is an important challenge for the National Health Service to maintain patient satisfaction while general practitioners increasingly work part time. But his analysis that general practice may now be 'past its sell by date' is flawed. It is likely that a substantial group of general practitioners wish to be salaried, as many already are. Dr Bulger describes the problem as being general practitioners losing their commitment to their patients and practices but then proposes a system completely removing any commitment. Placing all general practitioners into hospitals is illogical, as currently 60% of people are within 'pram pushing' distance from a general practice. In many cities, there is only one hospital which is inevitably less accessible, especially to the underprivileged. Polyclinics were used in Eastern Europe for decades, were universally unpopular with patients and with doctors and were abolished after the fall of the USSR Soviet Union in most of those countries as soon as they gained their independence. Most bureaucracies do not allow significant client/ patient choice. While patient choice between general practitioners is not as free as is desirable, it is much easier for patients than trying to change doctors in hospitals. Patients in general practices with personal lists had significantly higher satisfaction rates. Patient satisfaction with the average consultation in Accident and Emergency departments, which do not seek to build relationships with patients, is much lower than in the average consultation in general practices. Finally, he is wrong in writing that 'patients seem to want to go to hospital anyway' and he would be wise to talk patient groups about this. The facts are against him: about 25 million patients per year go to Accident and Emergency departments (including some referred by General Practitioners), whereas 340 million go annually to general practices.


This paper is concerned with the consensus of general linear multi-agent systems with directed topology. A transformation method is proposed for analysis and control of consensus. The definition and properties of the transformation are first discussed. The consensus in the multi-agent is investigated through the stability of the transformed system, and the relation between the two systems is established. This approach provides a natural way to derive necessary and sufficient conditions for consensus, and further it can be used to analyse the consensus types. Moreover, compared to conventional methods, by this transformation a more general control design approach for each general agent is presented this paper. Numerical examples with four cases are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Fe–Si and Co–Si amorphous thin films with Si concentrations above their eutectic point were deposited by magnetron sputtering. The films had a well defined uniaxial magnetic anisotropy induced by evaporating the Si atoms at an oblique angle of incidence. Their anisotropy energy and coercive field, measured by the transverse Kerr effect, increased with the temperature, suggesting that the distribution of Si concentration was not homogeneous giving rise to regions with different Curie temperatures. A model was proposed where the anisotropic distribution of Si would explain the origin of the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in these films and the anomalous behaviour of their anisotropy energy and coercivity with the temperature. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The objective is to design and analyse the drilling cum riveting machine which reduces the operation as well as transportation time required for completing the job. Riveting operation is till now performed manually, but by using Orbital Riveting Machine (ORM) it can be performs automatically. The concept is that the plate (raw material) having different size and thickness are drilled on drilling spindle first and then riveted on orbital riveting spindle. Both the operations perform on same machine having two separate spindles. The purpose of this machine is to replace manual hammering into automation, to increase productivity in operation also to reduce cost. To get accuracy in riveting the spindle is offset by 3 to 6 degree, the upper part of rivet stud is expanding over plates without hammering. It is more beneficial to use in workshops, industries where drilling and riveting operations can perform simultaneously.


(Tasks) it provides an active material composite particles which can reduce the reaction resistance of the cell. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS active material, and has a lithium niobate layer formed on the surface of the active material, and a lithium niobate layer, the active material composite particles contained nitrogen.


IEEE 802.11p is currently the base for the major technologies used in the field of vehicular networking. This holds true for the IEEE 1609.4 standard family used in the U.S. (called IEEE WAVE) and for the European ETSI ITS-G5 standard. But when it comes to such WLAN based technologies problems might arise: First, it might be possible that IEEE 802.11p fails to cover dense urban areas due to too many parallel users. Second, the penetration rate of vehicles outfitted with the necessary equipment will be initially very low. With this in mind it might be an idea to use a cellular connection instead of using a WLAN link between cars. Indeed some car manufacturers are already equipping their cars with cellular technology, not just for voice calls, but also for value added services. But this also leads to various problems: If the used communication technology is based on LTE (which is currently the most advanced one in use) a high frequency of messages might overload the network [1]. Due to the involvement of a core network, naturally the delay will also increase. Finally, if LTE is used, other users might experience degraded network performance due to all the cars sending messages. One solution to these problems are heterogeneous vehicular networks where a car is equipped with both a short range radio and a module for cellular communication. In 2005, Cavalcanti et al. [2] proposed a system which combines WLAN with cellular technologies. More recently this idea has been adapted to be used in vehicular networks. Among these approaches is Remy et al. [3] who proposed LTE4V2X. It uses WLAN to cluster cars which then exchange current positional data to allow for easier travel planning. Tung et al. [4] proposed a safety application using heterogeneous vehicular networks for collision avoidance. Again cars are managed in clusters; a central server, reachable via a cellular connection, warns clusters of incoming other clusters. Currently simulation is the tool of choice for evaluating concepts in the area of vehicular networking. Such simulation frameworks have to take care of network simulation and of a realistic simulation of vehicles' mobility. Therefore, most of the time a dedicated network simulator is coupled with a mobility simulator. In such a scenario the simulators are able to react on each others events. Especially in cases of safety and efficiency applications this is a very important property. For example, simulating the traffic mobility with traces of real world traffic – without a feedback loop – makes it impossible for vehicles to change their routes dependent on information received via the network(s). Such information could be about a traffic accident on the road ahead were the information was received via the network connection. There already exist frameworks which provide support for mobilitynetwork feedback loops (Veins, iTETRIS, and VSimRTI), but all of them were missing support for full featured simulation of cellular networks. In December we released Veins LTE, an extension module for Veins which adds support for LTE [5]. For this, it uses SimuLTE, developed by Virdis et al. [6]. As Veins is based on OMNeT++, implementing, running, and evaluating new simulations is not a very complex task. This makes it also a good option for classroom use and teaching.


Within the UK there are four public health systems covering each of four countries making up the UK: England is the largest country, followed by Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. There are many commonalities between the systems in terms of their functions and workforce terms and conditions as well as the challenges each faces. But in keeping with the devolved systems of government enjoyed by each country, the public health systems are organized differently and their structures and priorities reflect the differing contexts in which they are located. Drawing on the three domains outlined by Griffiths, Jewell, and Donnelly in their seminal 2005 paper and comprising health protection, health improvement, and health service delivery and quality, UK public health systems exist to protect and promote health improvement and well-being in the population and do so through devising policies and strategies and providing services as well as contributing to the evidence base in regard to what works to improve health. The definition of a public health system is clearly contingent on the definition and scope of public health. The UK public health systems have adopted the definition of public health advanced by the UK Faculty of Public Health and other bodies and first produced by a former Chief Medical Officer for England, Sir Donald Acheson, in 1998: "Public health is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organised efforts of society." A slightly extended version appeared in a review of public health carried out for the UK government by its appointed independent adviser, Sir Derek Wanless, in 2004: "Public health is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organised efforts and informed choices of society, organisations, public and private, communities and individuals." These definitions share important characteristics including: public health is both a science and an art, essentially and always a combination of knowledge and action; the core purposes of public health are to prevent disease, prolong life, and promote health; public health is an organized societal function. Several aspects of these definitions can be highlighted as being especially pertinent to public health systems. Notable among these is the desire for closer links across health and the environmental sector; addressing social and political determinants of health as an essential and legitimate public health action; and the importance of health systems for public health improvement. Given these definitions with their whole-of-society focus, a public health system is wider and more inclusive than a health system. An effective public health system can be judged by the extent to which relevant groups, organizations, and sectors work effectively together on specific issues.


The mechanisms involved in the formation of enduring memories are still largely unknown. Lesburgueres et al. (p. [924][1]; see the Perspective by [Sweatt][2] ) investigated the hippocampal-cortical dialogue during memory consolidation. Neurons in the rat orbitofrontal cortex appeared to be "


Previous studies have found that motivation to detect deception impairs participants' ability to do so when truthful/deceitful statements are presented via an audio-visual medium. However, the effect of motivation on detecting deception may be different if statements are presented via a different medium. The present study explored how motivation influences accuracy in detecting deception in an audio-only context. Eighty-one participants (45 women) were randomly assigned to a high-motivation or low-motivation condition, and participants' motivation was manipulated via a monetary reward. Participants were then asked to judge 10 audio-only statements about a travelling experience on a binary scale (truth or deceit). A 2 (motivation: high vs low) × 2 (messages veracity: truth-accuracy vs lie-accuracy) × 2 (participant gender) mixed model analysis of variance revealed that highly motivated participants performed better than less-motivated participants did in terms of truth-accuracy and total accuracy rates but not in terms of lie-accuracy rates. The theoretical and practical implications of the present results are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This investigation reports on the experimental and theoretical investigation carried out to evaluate the bubble diameter and effective interfacial area in a novel Hybrid Rotating and Reciprocating Perforated Plate Bubble Column. Air-water system is used in this investigation. Countercurrent mode is employed. The effects of agitation level, superficial gas velocity and superficial liquid velocity on the bubble size distribution are studied. The mean bubble diameter is predicted using photographic technique. A simple correlation is developed for the determination of mean bubble diameter. It is found that the mean bubble diameter values for hybrid column are 1.8 to 2.5 times smaller when compared with conventional reciprocating plate column. The interfacial area is calculated based on the experimental results of the gas holdup and bubble diameter. Effects of agitation level, superficial gas velocity, superficial liquid velocity and plate free area on the interfacial area have been investigated. Correlations are developed for the determination of interfacial area for both mixer-settler and emulsion regions. It could be noted that the interfacial area for the hybrid column is 3 to 6 times higher in both mixer-settler region and emulsion region than that of conventional reciprocating plate column which is quite large.


In this paper a relation between iterated cyclings and iterated powers of elements in a Garside group is shown. This yields a characterization of elements in a Garside group having a rigid power, where 'rigid' means that the left normal form changes only in the obvious way under cycling and decycling. It is also shown that, given X in a Garside group, if some power X m is conjugate to a rigid element, then m can be bounded above by kk 3 . In the particular case of braid groups fBnI n 2 Ng, this implies that a pseudo-Anosov braid has a small power whose ultra summit set consists of rigid elements. This solves one of the problems in the way of a polynomial solution to the conjugacy decision problem (CDP) and the conjugacy search problem (CSP) in braid groups. In addition to proving the rigidity theorem, it will be shown how this paper fits into the authors' program for finding a polynomial algorithm to the CDP/CSP, and what remains to be done.


There is intense competition for the use of water resources in the countries of Central Asia. The low efficiency of water use in industrial sectors and the negative changes caused by unilateral management cause controversies and contribute to political disputes among the countries of Central Asia. Despite the willingness of Central Asian countries to cooperate, many developments and plans for water use are driven by uncoordinated national strategies whose interests sometimes conflict. Along with cooperation, there have always been disputes. However, this cooperation falls short of its potential and does not result in a truly regional approach that would ensure compatibility and sustainability of national priorities. This hinders economic development, contributes to social dislocation and environmental degradation, and may ultimately undermine national and regional stability in the region [2]. The article highlights the features of transboundary management in the Syrdarya river basin. The importance of international organizations and legal documents on transboundary cooperation in the regions of Central Asia for resolving disputes and concluding formal agreements between states on the way to achieving water diplomacy is also considered.


. The paper focuses on the issues of parents consulting and their involvement in an educational service process for families at schools. The quality of education and the effectiveness of provision of educational services are considered as an integral part of successful learning. To analyze parental opinion (N=530) towards their consulting and involvement in provision of educational service process quantitative and qualitative method of data collection have been chosen. According to the parental opinion, the content of consulting should be linked with learning achievements and motivation. Parental involvement is considered through the processes of professional orientation, prevention and organizing social events at school. Though, the fields of self-support groups, organizing teaching-learning programs for families, parental involvement in a formal educational process is considered as a challenging issue.


It is shown from analysis of charging current and voltage change on the terminals of sealed Ni-Cd battery at thermal runaway, that thermal runaway is accompanied by a new high-power electrochemical reaction, going at battery voltage of approximately 0.55 V.


OBJECTIVE To understand the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing nosocomial infection in general hospital to provide reliable basis for the effective prevention and control of infection,and rational use of antibiotics.METHODS By the assistance of test board of Becton company,488 bacteria were isolated from the blood,phlegm,urine and secretion of operative incision.RESULTS Totally 33 689 patients were discharged from Jan 2009 to Dec 2010,among which 1641 occurred with nosocomial infection with the incidence of 4.87%;1641 patients were mainly distributed in ICU,respiratory department,geriatrics department and neurology department,accounting for 14.32%,13.47%,12.13% and 11.09%,respectively.Pathogenic bacteria were Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,infection due to Klebsiella,Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis,baumannii,albicans Saccharomyces and microzyme.The resistance rates of S.aureus and S.epidermidis to penicillin,streptomyces erythreus and cephalosporin rates over 80.00%.All the data suggest that the bacteria bear great resistance to antibiotics.CONCLUSION Through the analysis of drug resistant bacteria in general hospital,we find that the drug resistance of the pathogens causing nosocomial infection becomes more and more serious,special attention should be paid to reduce the unnecessary use of antibiotics.


The forestry branch, with smalland medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) plays an important role in rural development, recreation and forest-based tourism activities. According to FAO, non-timber forest products consist of goods of biological origin other than wood derived from forests, other wooded land and trees outside forests. Of particular importance for rural population are mushrooms, medicinal and aromatic plants, berries and herbs. They provide an additional forest value and potential for the development of new forest products and services. The aim of research was to analyze the added value chain for NTFP, cooperation between pickers and processors, and determination of key drivers and obstacles for the development of the NTFP market in Croatia. Research included 27 SMEs as Non Timber Forest Products processors. The amounts collected per one enterprise were on average 16.5 tons/year of mushrooms, 153.5 tons/year of aromatic and medicinal plants, and 2.2 tons/year of berries and other fruits. The legal framework is not conducive to the business environment due to high prices of the licence to collect (annually) issued by the Ministry of Nature Protection and market fees. The main obstacles for the development of the national market include unfair competition, lack of education (NTFP collecting and processing) and an undeveloped national market. non-timber forest products, small – medium enterprises, rural development


To investigate the effects of competition strategies and decision rationality on airlines' price competition,the airlines' dynamic price competition model based on different competition strategies and heterogeneous players is established by using the theory of bifurcation of dynamical systems,and the existence and stability of equilibrium points of this model are discussed.The complex dynamics of this model in different market parameters are shown though numerical simulation.The simulation results show that in order to investigate the stability of economic systems with realistic significance,it needs a new judgment theorem which combined traditional theorem with individual rationality.And the competition strategies of airlines have an obvious impact on the complexity of price competition and competition performance.Finally,the chaos state of airlines' dynamic price competition model is controlled by the delayed feedback control method.


trans-Zeatin is a major and ubiquitous cytokinin in higher plants. cis-Zeatin has traditionally been viewed as an adjunct with low activity and rare occurrence. Recent reports of cis-zeatin and its derivatives as the predominant cytokinin components in some plant tissues may call for a different perspective on cis-isomers. The existence of a maize (Zea mays) gene (cisZOG1) encoding an O-glucosyltransferase specific to cis-zeatin (R.C. Martin, M.C. Mok, J.E. Habben, D.W.S. Mok [2001] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 5922–5926) lends further support to this view. Results described here include the isolation of a second maize cisZOG gene, differential expression ofcisZOG1 and cisZOG2, and identification of substantial amounts of cis-isomers in maize tissues. The open reading frame of cisZOG2 has 98.3% identity to cisZOG1at the nucleotide level and 97.8% at the amino acid level. The upstream regions contain common and unique segments. The recombinant enzymes have similar properties, K m values of 46 and 96 μm, respectively, for cis-zeatin and a pH optimum of 7.5. Other cytokinins, including N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenine, trans-zeatin, benzyladenine, kinetin, and thidiazuron inhibited the reaction. Expression of cisZOG1 was high in maize roots and kernels, whereas cisZOG2 expression was high in roots but low in kernels. cis-Zeatin, cis-zeatin riboside, and theirO-glucosides were detected in all maize tissues, with immature kernels containing very high levels of theO-glucoside of cis-zeatin riboside. The results are a clear indication that O-glucosylation of cis-zeatin is a natural metabolic process in maize. Whether cis-zeatin serves as a precursor to the active trans-isomer or has any other unique function remains to be demonstrated.


AS1411 (formerly AGRO100) is the first nucleic acid aptamer to enter oncology trials and is currently in a Phase I study in renal and lung patients. AS1411 is a 26mer unmodified phosphodiester-based guanosine rich oligonucleotide which, as a dimer, forms a serum-resistant quartet structure. It is postulated to exert anti-cancer activity by binding to cell surface nucleolin resulting in S-phase cell cycle arrest. We have previously shown that AS1411 inhibits growth of a wide range of solid tumours, including lung, renal, prostate and colorectal with EC50s of 2 to 8 μM. In this series of studies, we investigated the potential of AS1411 in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). Expression of cell-surface and intracellular expression of nucleolin was assessed by indirect immunocytochemical staining. Four AML cell lines (MV4-11, KG1, HL60 and K562) and two solid tumour cell lines (A549 - lung; DU145 - prostate) were used. Permeabilised or non-permeabilised cells were either stained in situ on chamber glass slides or as cytospin preparations. Three anti-nucleolin monoclonal antibodies and the Vector immunoperoxidase system were used. Cells were qualitatively assessed for extent and intensity of staining. In the KG1, HL60 and MV4-11 cell lines, intense, homogeneous staining was seen in 100% of non-permeabilised cells, indicating high levels of surface-expressed nucleolin; in K562 cell lines, very intense, but heterogeneous surface staining was seen. In the A549 lung and DU145 prostate lines, moderate surface staining for nucleolin was seen. In the permeabilised AML and solid tumour cells, all lines showed similar levels of homogeneous, intense intracellular staining, as expected for an ubiquitous intracellular and intranuclear protein. In SRB in vitro cytotoxicity assays, AS1411 resulted in cell death with an EC50 of 0.6 to 5 μM; the MV4-11 line was most sensitive; the EC50 for solid tumour cell lines ranged between 2 and 8 μM. Since exposure of cells to AS1411 results in S-phase cell cycle arrest; we postulated that combination of AS1411 with S-phase dependent chemotherapeutic agents may result in increased cytotoxicity and synergistic activity. An early study of the combination of AS1411 with cytosine arabinoside (AraC) indicates that there is a synergistic effect between the two drugs; the data also suggest that the synergy may be schedule dependent and requires prior exposure to AS1411 before treatment with AraC. The distribution of the aptamer in the mouse was examined using tritiated-AS1411. A total dose of 158 kBq of 3H-AS1411 was given by intravenous injection to mice bearing solid human tumour xenografts and samples of tumours and normal tissue taken between 1 hour and 4 days post injection. Approximately 1.6 to 3.1% of the injected dose was measured in the bone and bone marrow 24 hours after dosing. The ratio of the amount of 3H-AS1411 in the bone marrow to that in the blood ranged between 1.3 and 3.7 throughout the 4-day sampling period. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that nucleolin appears to be intensely expressed on the surface of AML cell lines. AML cell lines are killed by treatment with AS1411 and synergistic cytotoxicity is seen when the AS1411 is combined with AraC. In addition, the bone marrow compartment is accessible to AS1411. Taken together these findings support investigating the anti-cancer effects of AS1411 in AML patients either alone or in combination with standard AraC therapy.


Let T denote the class of univalent functions in the unit disc U={z:|z|<1} of the form
f(z)=z−∑n=2∞anzn,an≥0,
and let Ω be the class of functions ω(z) analytic in U such that ω(0)=0 and |ω(z)|<1.
 Let P1(A,B) be the class of functions which are of the form
Ω(z)=1+Aω(z)1+Bω(z),z∈U,−1≤A<B≤1,ω∈Ω.
Define
T∗(A,B)={f∈T:zf′(z)/f(z)∈P1(A,B)}
and
C(A,B)={f∈T:zf′(z)∈T∗(A,B)}.
For the classes T∗(A,B) and C(A,B) some inequalities for integral means are obtained, which generalize results obtained by S. Owa et al.


The BN-350 nuclear power plant equipped with a fast breeder reactor was commissioned in July 1973. It is situated near the city ofAktau on the peninsula of Mangyshlac in the Caspian Sea. The plant produces electricity and also steam for sea water desalination. It had been designed for an operating life of twenty years at a thermal power of 1000 MW. Given the fact that the average thermal power did not exceed 600 MW, the maximum thermal power, 750 MW, the plant has not yet come to the end of its technical lifetime. Under the supervision of Kazakh and Russian authorities as well as the IAEA, upgrading measures extending the service life of the plant have been carried out since 1993. MAEC, the operator of the BN-350, is a member of Wano. The plant is integrated into the Tacis support program and research programs of the European Union.


Congenital seminal vesicular cysts represent a rare embryological malformation usually associated with ipsilateral renal dysplasia. We report a case which was diagnosed antenatally as a ureterocele and found postnatally to be a seminal vesicular cyst.


We present a case of an 84-year-old patient with acquired bilateral superotemporal orbital fat prolapse. The disease occurs when there is dehiscence in Tenon's capsule, allowing fat to herniate forward spontaneously. This can happen when there is a discontinuity of Tenon's capsule. We discussed visual symptoms at presentation, surgical technique, and visual and aesthetic outcomes.


The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support by the Spanish MEC and CAM through Projects Nos.TEC-2005-05781-C03-01/03, NAN2004-09109-C04-01/03,CSD2006-0019, and S-505/ESP/000200, and by the European
Commission through the SANDIE Network of Excellence (Contract No. NMP4-CT-2004-500101).


As a spatial matching process between households and housing,and also the core question to understand mechanism of urban restructure,intra-urban residential mobility is an important research issue of urban geography,sociology and behavior science in the west.From three aspects,namely residential mobility decision models,residential mobility process and residential mobility and urban restructure,this paper reviews literatures on intra-urban residential mobility in the west.Then based on simple review on relative literatures in China,this paper attempts to advance several research directions on intra-urban residential mobility in China.