Abstract : For this study, the US and Canadian governments assessed the potential for technology transfer of five technologies, which were developed to meet military requirements, to civilian first responders (emergency response teams, police, firefighters, etc). The technologies identified were: (1) Effervescent Liquid Fine Mist Apparatus for Extinguishing Fire (ELFMA) - a self contained fire extinguisher that uses chemical reaction to produce a bubbly two-phase (effervescent) flow through a convergent-divergent nozzle; (2) Joint Firefighter Integrated Response Ensemble (JFIRE) - a first-generation firefighter personal protective suit that provides firefighters with NBC protection while engaged in fighting fires; (3) Panoramic Night Vision Goggles (PNV) night vision goggles with a wide field of vision to improve situational awareness; (4) Remote Casualty Location Assessment Device (RCLAD) - a developmental casualty location tool focused toward the search and rescue mission; (5) Threat Containment Unit - a small (about the size of a refrigerator), lightweight, inexpensive mobile bomb containment and disposal unit intended for one time use.


The first MOVPE grown (InAs) 1 /(GaAs) 2 short period super-lattice (SPS) strained quantum well laser at 1-07 μm is demonstrated. The SPS active layer has 10 periods of one and two monolayers of InAs and GaAs, and a total mmismatch of over 2-2%. In a highly strained condition the device had a lasing wavelength of 1-07 μm, a threshold of 130 A/cm 2 and a characteristic temperature T 0 of 179 K


AbstractThis study aims to analyze the correlation of character education and spiritual interest with student behavior. This research was conducted in the North Sumatran SMTK/SMAK. The method used in quantitative correlation research. The sample in the research was 94 students. The research instrument used a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used normality test, homogeneity test, linearity test, and Pearson Bivariate correlation test. The results of the study: concluded as follows: First, Character Education is positively correlated with Student Behavior in North Sumatran SMTK/SMAK, but not very significant. Second, spiritual interest is positively correlated with student behavior in North Sumatran SMTK/SMAK, but not very significant. Third, PAK's Character Education and Spiritual Interests are jointly positively correlated with Student Behavior in North Sumatran SMTK/SMAK, but not significantly.  Keywords: Character education, interests, spirituality, behavior, students


Autophagy, a degradation mechanism that plays a major role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and diminishes in aging, is considered an aging characteristic. Melatonin is an important hormone that plays a wide range of physiological functions, including the anti‐aging effect, potentially via the regulation of the Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) pathway. The deacetylation ability of SIRT1 is important for controlling the function of several transcription factors, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐ĸB). Apart from inflammation, NF‐ĸB can regulate autophagy by inhibiting Beclin1, an initiator of autophagy. Although numerous studies have revealed the role of melatonin in regulating autophagy, very limited experiments have shown that melatonin can increase autophagic activity via SIRT1 in a senescent model. This study focuses on the effect of melatonin on autophagy via the deacetylation activity of SIRT1 on RelA/p65, a subunit of NF‐ĸB, to determine whether melatonin can attenuate the aging condition. SH‐SY5Y cells were treated with H2O2 to induce the senescent state. These results demonstrated that melatonin reduced a number of beta‐galactosidase (SA‐βgal)‐positive cells, a senescent marker. In addition, melatonin increased the protein levels of SIRT1, Beclin1, and LC3‐II, a hallmark protein of autophagy, and reduced the levels of acetylated‐Lys310 in the p65 subunit of NF‐ĸB in SH‐SY5Y cells treated with H2O2. Furthermore, in the presence of SIRT1 inhibitor, melatonin failed to increase autophagic markers. The present data indicate that melatonin enhances autophagic activity via the SIRT1 signaling pathway. Taken together, we propose that in modulating autophagy, melatonin may provide a therapeutically beneficial role in the anti‐aging processes.


This study consists of two parts. 1) The experiment on compression combined with tensiones which are at riglit angles was tested to failure under the action of axial compression applied by a testing machine together with circumferential tension developed by ineans of internal water pressure to a hellow concrete cylinder test piece. 2) The experiment on shear combined with axial eompression was carried out by applylng axial compressive load and torsional load to the hollow concrete cylinder. The test on the two tensions at tight angles to each other was made as a preliminary test by applying axiaE tensile ]oad and internal water pressure te the hollow concrete cy!inder.


Numerous arguments have been made in favor of the use of unvented cathedralized attic (UCA) assemblies in a variety of climates and applications. UCA assemblies, created by eliminating ventilation and by moving the thermal insulation and air barrier from the ceiling plane to the rafters, immediately below the roof deck, are increasingly common in low-rise residential construction in the hot-humid and hot-dry southern United States Unvented cathedral ceilings (UCCs) are similar to UCAs with the exception that the interior finish is also installed on the underside of or between the rafters rather than on the underside of the ceiling joists or collar ties. A more comprehensive explanation of these concepts is included in the Background section of the paper. Recent changes to the International Residential Code (IRC) permit the construction of UCA and UCC assemblies. While no similar allowances have been made in any of the Canadian building codes, local building officials have permitted the construction of UCA and UCC assemblies in some jurisdictions. Section R806.4 of the 2006 IRC permits the construction of an unvented cathedralized attic or unvented cathedral ceiling with an air impermeable insulation provided that insulation is installed directly to the underside of the roof deck and is of sufficient thermal resistance to prevent the average monthly interior surface temperature of the foam from going below 7°C (45°F). The test program described in this paper sets out to determine whether or not an assembly that meets the new IRC code requirements but is constructed without a vapor barrier and using an air impermeable, vapor permeable, low-density, open-cell sprayed polyurethane foam insulation can perform satisfactorily in the cold wet climates of Seattle, WA and Vancouver, BC (Zone 4C). Further details of the construction are provided in the paper. A test house was constructed using the proposed UCC assembly and instrumented with sensors that measure temperature, relative humidity (RH) and moisture content (MC) within the assembly as well as basic boundary conditions such as indoor temperature and RH, outdoor temperature and RH, solar radiation, roof wetting (i.e. via condensation or rain). The sensors were monitored continuously by a monitoring system that could be accessed remotely without disturbing the occupants of the house. Data was collected over the course of the first two fully occupied winters and analyzed. In the second summer, a visit was paid to the site to make some inspection openings, take some MC readings with hand-held meters and collect some painted drywall samples for permeance testing and wood sheathing samples for determining species calibrations for electrical resistances vs. moisture content. All of these activities are presented and discussed in this paper.


In this paper, a finite element (FE)/fast multipole boundary element (FMBE)‐coupling method is presented for modeling fluid–structure interaction problems numerically. Vibrating structures are assumed to consist of elastic or sound absorbing materials. An FE method (FEM) is used for this part of the solution. This structural sub‐domain is embedded in a homogeneous fluid. The case where the boundary of the structural sub‐domain has a very complex geometry is of special interest. In this case, the BE method (BEM) is a more suitable numerical tool than FEM to account for the sound propagation in the homogeneous fluid. The efficiency of the BEM is increased by using FMBEM. The BE‐surface mesh required is directly generated by the FE‐mesh used to discretize the structural sub‐domain and the absorbing material. This FE/FMBE‐coupling method makes it possible to predict the effects of arbitrarily shaped absorbing materials and vibrating structures on the sound field in the surrounding fluid numerically. The coupling method proposed is used to study the acoustic behavior of the lining of an anechoic chamber and that of an entire anechoic chamber in the low‐frequency range. The numerical results obtained are compared with the experimental data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


461 1 diabetes overall; probably, at least to some degree, it is iatrogenic and due to overinsulinization, hypoglycemia generation, or lack of proper education. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (DCCT/EDIC)8 has shown that excess weight gain in DCCT was associated with sustained increases in central obesity, IR, dyslipidemia, and blood pressure, as well as more extensive atherosclerosis during EDICT.8 Other factors that may influence IR in type 1 diabetes patients include a family history of type 2 diabetes, chronic hyperglycemia (glucotoxicity), age, ethnicity, physical activity, and drug use.9 The presence of different degree of IR as part of clinical picture of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults) is one of the arguments to postulate reclassification of diabetes. However, the problem of IR in type 1 diabetes requires further investigation including studies on a relative distribution of the resistance to insulin among different organs and tissues. It was recently shown, for example, that in patients with type 1 diabetes who naturally lack the portal/peripheral insulin gradient, insulin stimulation of hepatic lipogenesis may be diminished. That would protect type 1 diabetes individuals against the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatic IR.10 IR is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease.11,12 It has been suggested that for type 1 diabetes individuals, IR-related factors, not the glycemic control, may be crucial in the development of cardiovascular events.11,12 Furthermore, it has been shown that in patients with type 1 diabetes, sex differences in IR-associated fat deposition and distribution of highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterols may explain why diabetes increases coronary calcification in women relatively more than in men.12 Type 1 diabetes mellitus results from autodestruction of pancreatic β-cells and is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency. Thus, the therapy of type 1 diabetes must be based on insulin replacement. However, despite the development of more physiological strategies of exogenous insulin delivery, including the use of advanced technologies such as insulin pumps or systems of continuous glucose monitoring, the treatment of type 1 diabetes remains an ongoing challenge. Even when the glycemic goals are reached, the life expectancy among type 1 diabetes patients is shorter than that in age-matched healthy individuals.1 There is no doubt that the risk of cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes is significantly increased.1,2 There may be many reasons for this, including hyperglycemia per se,2 hypoglycemic episodes,3 nonphysiological insulin delivery,4 while the role of blood glucose variability is less established.3 The alarming data have come from pediatric populations. It was shown that despite short disease duration, intensive insulin treatment, fair glycemic control, and no signs of microvascular complications, children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes had slightly increased carotid artery intima–media thickness (IMT) compared with healthy control subjects.5 Recently, the interest in the role of insulin resistance (IR) in type 1 diabetes has grown. IR is often observed in patients with type 1 diabetes during the natural history of adolescence and puberty and during intercurrent illness; however, it is now well established that diminished sensitivity to insulin may be a common feature of type 1 diabetes irrespectively of patients' age or current health status.6 One of the first data showing that increased IR is typical not only for type 2 diabetes but also for type 1 diabetes patients were reported by DeFronzo et al7 more than 30 years ago, confirmed by many other groups later on. IR in type 1 diabetes may also be worsened by weight gain. Unfortunately, obesity is increasing in type Correspondence to: Prof. Tomasz Klupa, MD, PhD, Pracownia Zaawansowanych Technologii Diabetologicznych, Katedra i Klinika Chorób Metabolicznych, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Collegium Medicum, ul. Kopernika 15, 31-501 Kraków, Poland, phone: +48 12 424 83 00, e-mail: email@example.com Received: June 30, 2016. Accepted: June 30, 2016. Conflict of interest: none declared. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2016; 126 (7-8): 461-462 doi:10.20452/pamw.3533 Copyright by Medycyna Praktyczna, Kraków 2016 EDITORIAL


We document the rapid recovery of kohekohe (Dysoxylum spectabile) canopy cover following the control of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in Motatau Forest, Northland, New Zealand.


All material supplied via JYX is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. Perceptions, motives, and psychological flexibility associated with weight management Sairanen, Essi; Lappalainen, Raimo; Lapveteläinen, Anja; Karhunen, Leila


The incidence of stunting under five is a major nutritional problem faced by Indonesia. The research aimed to determine relationship of the social, economic, and environmental factors related with   stunting occurrenceintoddlers 10-59 months at Health Centers Gorontalo District. This research was done on the population of toddlers who experience stunting in 2019 recorded in 7Health Centers. The data was collected from 98 samples by applying the purposive sampling method. The research instrument was done by using a questionnaire. Data analysis employs univariate, bivariate analysis and chi-square test with the help of software SPSS version 21. The result showed that the social factors, namely mother's education with the p-value of 0,000 OR =  12,375 CI = 4,560-33,584, and economic factors, namely income with the p-value of 0,000 OR = 11,719 CI = 3,652 – 38,605 and environmental factors, namely  waste disposal facilities with the p-value of 0,000 OR = 12,813 CI = 4,815 -34,097. Based on these result, it can be stated that social factors, especially mother's education, economic factors, especially income, and  environmental factors, especially waste disposal facilities have a significant relationship with stunting occurrence in toddlers 10-59 months at the Health Centers Gorontalo District.


A one-dimensional mathematical model is presented for quantification of fine-grained sediment movement in small canals. The model is based on the time-dependent, advection-dispersion equation. The model simulates the effects of deposition and erosion through appropriate sink and source terms. The rate of deposition is treated by a linear relation, and the rate of erosion is represented by an exponential function. Selective settling and consolidation effects are incorporated through the depositional and erosional terms. The governing equation is solved by a finite integral transformation that reduces the original PDE into a Sturm-Liouville ODE. Closed-form solutions are given in term of eigenseries for various boundary and initial conditions. Depending on the situation, the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues are obtained either analytically or estimated by using the Kramers-Wentzel-Brillouin (KWB) approximation. Comparison of the simulated results with experimental data has shown good agreement.


Purpose To report our experimental and clinical findings using a solid state laser system 213nm in refractive surgery.

Methods 40 pigmented rabbits underwent myopic PRK using a solid state laser in one eye and excimer laser in the fellow eye. Rabbits were sacrificed immediately after the ablation, at 7days and at one, 3 and 12months after surgery. Corneal tissue was preserved for Light, Scan and Transmission electron microscopy. 60 patients (115eyes) underwent PRK [mSEQ -4.43±1.81D] and 20 patients (40eyes) LASIK [mSEQ -5.55±1.52D] using CustomVis quintupled Nd:YAG Solid State laser at 213nm.

Results Experimental study: Immediately after the ablation, LM, scan and TEM microscopy revealed relatively smooth ablation surfaces in both groups. At 1,3 and 12m postoperatively, there was tissue appearance, typical for post-PRK samples, of all corneal layers in both groups. Clinical study: At one year follow-up for the PRK mRSEQ was -0.11±0.52D and mUCVA was 1.03. 39% gained more than 1 line, 48% had no loss or gain of lines and 12% lost more than 1 line. For the LASIK group at 12m the mRSEQ was 0.42±0.70D and the mUCVA was 0.94; 61% of eyes gained more than 1 line, 33.3% of eyes gained had no loss of lines and 5.6% of eyes lost more than 1 line. 67% of eyes were in the +/- 0.25 and 72% of eyes were in the +/-0.5 interval for the Lasik patients. For the PRK patients 49% of eyes were in the +/- 0.25 and 80% of eyes were in the +/-0.5 interval for the Lasik patients.

Conclusion Photorefractive keratectomy in rabbits with ultraviolet solid state and excimer laser revealed similar histopathological findings up to one year postoperatively. PRK and LASIK were both effective and safe in the correction of myopic astigmatism.


The OnToBau research project aims to provide a way to classify, archive and effectively use their knowledge with the assistance of an ontology-based knowledge archive for small and medium companies from construction industry. This archive is intended to pro-actively provide users with information to assist them in their daily business process handling. In this paper we describe the architecture of the OnToBau system. The system has four main parts. The preprocessingmodules prepare the resources that should be stored in the knowledge archive for the enclosed inference system. The inference system is the core component and extracts the information from the preprocessed resources. Ontologies provide the necessary domain knowledge. In order to exploit the available knowledge, a personal agent monitors the current activities of the user and tries to infer the intention from his behaviors. At certain points it automatically offers the user helpful information. Again ontologies are used to represent information about the business processes. In addition, the user has the option to search for information in the archive through the graphical user interface. In this paper we focus on the description of the first main part of the architecture: to easily add knowledge to the knowledge base and to allow a general processing of different resources within a company (E-Mails, calendar entries, papers etc.), an XML-based representation language was developed, namely the OnToBau representation language (ORL). Converters are used to transform the resources into ORL.


We propose a service partition model as a design methodology of distributed applications, especially in interactive distributed applications. We developed a set of communication mechanisms for linking each module of interactive distributed applications. Mapping an interactive distributed application into service partition model is much easier than mapping it into a client server model. Implementing distributed applications with the mechanisms we supported for the service partition programming model is relatively easy.<<ETX>>


1 Problem The goal of our semestral project was to study, what for freely available "talking head SDK and libraries exist. To choose one of them and do some experiments, that prove extensity and quality of their functions. Further to make network interface, so the head control (text, emotions, movements) is available by TCP/IP protocol. We should design the interface to allow connection of speech syntethiser.


Extant proofs of the spin-statistics connection (SSC) are kinematical. C S Unnikrishnan has suggested that a dynamical interaction leading to the SSC would involve spin and perforce gravity, the only known universal force. For the scattering of two identical particles, he considers [1] the interaction of their spins with the gravito-magnetic field generated by their scattering motion through cosmic matter-energy. There the direct and particles-exchanged scattering amplitudes accumulate different quantum phases which provide the relevant bosonic/fermionic sign between them without applying the ad hoc SSC rule. Here it is shown that the scattering probabilities given by the standard implementation of SSC in quantum mechanics are actually not obtained from the above interaction for most initial spin states of the scattering particles. Instead, an unrealized peculiar dynamical interaction is required. Further, a spin-gravito-magnetic interaction as above (with caveats) would result in a large unmeasured spin-orbit coupling type effect on atomic energy levels. A comparison with a typical rotation based proof is also provided.


The present invention relates to a system and method for guiding a downshift. By temporarily providing a method and a system operative to perform a multi-gear transmission gear of the intermediate gear downshift. Responsive to mass air flow does not reach the self-cleaning CAC duration threshold setting, the transmission from a higher gear speed gear down to an intermediate gear, and then downshift to a lower gear requirements. It is controlled by the intermediate gear downshift gear shift request and based on the engine stall maximum mass air flow level.


The objective of the investigation is to determine the relationship between family functionality and the realization of infractions of the Criminal Law in adolescents.
The present qualitative study, through the Phenomenological method, allowed the description, reflection and interpretation of the experiences of adolescents, to finally discuss the results obtained; the investigation was conducted with 12 teenager's beneficiaries of the Restorative Juvenile Justice Line of Action.
It was determined that the family is the first support and influence in adolescents, finding a triad relationship to know the family functionality, through the dimensions of Discipline, Affection and Communication, which for the present study will analyze the aspects of style of upbringing, establishment of norms, family affection, management of communication skills and fulfillment of roles with respect to the realization of infractions of the Criminal Law by adolescents.
The results of the present investigation allow not only to contribute theoretically to the investigation topic, but also to contribute to professionals who intervene with families, as well as to institutions that intervene or seek to intervene with this age group through the formulation and execution of programs that they are oriented to the prevention and / or control of adolescents who violate the Penal Law recognizing in this way the importance that the family has in the development of the children.


Abstract : Risk assessment system which is the point of occupational safety and health management system is recognized to be effective to prevent industrial accident and occupational disease internationally. Ministry of Employment and Labor developed guidance on risk assessment at workplace recently. This guidance presents standard model on risk assessment at workplace. However, enterprises may be confronted with many questions in the process of introducing and operating risk assessment. For risk assessment to be implemented properly and effectively at workplace, there are various questions that need to be considered in advance, including giving shape to standard on risk evaluation and clarifying the implementation system at workplace in advance. Also for risk assessment to be revitalized at workplace, several policy matters need to be settled. First, an administrative agency should present the implementation method of risk assessment more concretely. Secondly, it is necessary for an administrative agency to develop and spread various detailed manual, models and good practices related to risk assessment. Thirdly, a government agency need to apply an incentive & disadvantage policy actively to risk assessment.


Nepal is heading towards a crisis through its unsustainable energy use pattern. There is an overwhelming dependence on traditional fuels-fuel wood, agricultural residue and animal dung (accounting for 88% of primary energy use) and fossil fuels (accounting for 11.5% of primary energy use). This gives rise to adverse impacts regarding energy security, environment and human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to substitute these energy sources with renewable clean energy sources. Fortunately, Nepal has a huge potentiality for promoting renewable energy technologies (RETs). Access to adequate, affordable, reliable, safe and environmentally benign energy is crucial to achieving the Millennium Development Goals and for improving the lives of poor people across the world. Realizing the fact the Government of Nepal has given priority to promoting RETs and also provides subsidies. However rural poor are deprived of the benefits of the technologies and the government subsidy because they lack the ability to pay the upfront cost required to purchase such technologies. Micro-finance Institutions (MFIs) can provide credit to rural poor for acquiring RETs. Proven technology, a strong quality control mechanism and favorable economics of the various RETs makes providing loans for them viable, reliable and bankable loan products for MFIs. A recent market estimate shows that there is an annual financing need of over1 billon Nepalese rupees for small scale RETs, which can be an immediate market for MFIs in Nepal. As commercial/development banks are also looking for new investment opportunities, these financial institutions can also partner with MFIs to fulfill this demand. Experiences in Nepal and outside show that interventions are necessary at both the demand and supply sides to promote micro financing of RETs. Demand side interventions include increasing awareness on technology and financing options, promotion of productive uses of energy for increasing income of the rural poor. Supply side interventions include capacity building of MFIs, wholesale financiers and energy companies; facilitating flow of funds from wholesalers to the MFIs; building working relationships among energy companies and MFIs; lobbying for favorable policy environment.


The present study aimed to know the educational adjustment among primary school children. It also aimed to check Educational Adjustment with reference to gender and Standard. The Educational Adjustment Inventory (EAI) by Seema Rani & Dr. Sasant Bahadur Singh (Revised) (2014) was used. The sample constituted total 120 primary school children out of which 60 were from boys (30, 5th Standard and 30, 7th Standard) and 60 from girls (30 5th Standard and 30 7th Standard). The data was collected from Ahmedabad City. The data was scored, analyzed as per the manual. 'F' test was being calculated. The result showed that 1. The boys primary school children group is having more educational adjustment than girls primary school children group, 2. There is no significant difference in the mean score of Educational Adjustment among the primary school children of 5th standard and 7th standard and 3. There is no significant difference in the interactive effect of the mean scores of Educational Adjustment with regards to the gender and standard.


Research on biomechanical testing of the spine in vitro is crucial to advance understanding about the function of spine,spine injury,spinal degeneration,and the influence of implants on spinal disorders.Spinal biomechanics is mainly composed of two parts: loading methods for the spine and measurement for the spinal movement.The loading method has gone through a process from gradual loading to continuous loading.In this paper,current literatures on spinal biomechanics were studied and up-to-date loading methods for the spinal movement in vitro were summarized to provide some references and help for the future research on loading methods of spinal movement.


The purpose of Flash-based interactive media development is to develop flash-based interactive learning media on a valid, effective, and practical number of operating materials. This Media is said to be valid if the percentage of validity of the validation results indicates if the instrument is valid according to the scale of the percentage. Validation is performed by two validators, lecturers and teachers. The result of the media validation is 86%, the validation result of the student response poll is 81%, and the problem sheet validation result is 73%. Media validation results correspond to the percentage scale so that the media, the student Response poll sheet, and the question sheet are said to be valid. This Media is said to be effective if the calculation result of the research using gain formula goes into one of the increasing classification. Improved understanding of concepts focused on remidial students. The results of the analysis of Pretests and Posttest were analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test. Once the data is obtained by normal distribution, data is analyzed by paired T test and the conclusion that "there is an increase in the concept of students before and after applying flash-based interactive learning media" with calculated Its interpretation uses the normalised N-Gain and gets "moderate" interprettase. This medium is said to be practical if the calculation results of student response percentage is greater than or equal to 70%. The result of the student response poll shows each point of the poll statement having a percentage greater than or equal to 70% so it is stated practically. From the above results, it was concluded that the flash-based learning medium on the operating material is valid, practical, and effective.


The article deals with the main parameters and modern requirements to the modernization of the educational process. Particular emphasis is made on interconditionality of the general model of society modernization and the educationsystem. The attention is drawn to the shift in approaches to reform (modernization) of the education system in the 90s years and under current conditions. The article underlines the need to renovation of higher professional education which is adequate to the proclaimed perspectives of Russian innovation model of economic development on the basis of competence, where special significance is drawn to common (general cultural) competence. The article also deals with the education technologies (programmed and module-rating).


the History, Method and Motives of Social Pathology. By John A. Ryle, M.D. Geoffrey Cumberlege, Oxford University Press. 12s. 6d. This small book of 122 pages, marks the beginning of a new era in social medicine. It is the result of lectures given in America by the author. Professor Ryle stresses the need for study of social pathology, statistics, research, the measurement of health, and has a fascinating chapter on Medical Ethics and the New Humanism. It is disappointing to find that the author refers in the Preface to the need for psychological and sociological studies, and of " balancing the emotional with the rational components of a developing social conscience ", but makes little reference at all to mental health in the book except by the implication that psychological medicine and its allied disciplines have reached a certain agreement on some fundamentals and show their differences


The main use of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) is currently as an animal feed ingredient. While the bacterial community of the larvae has been characterised repeatedly via sequencing, microbiological safety assessment based on culture-dependent techniques is still scarce. This study focused on the occurrence of the spore-forming foodborne pathogen Clostridium perfringens during rearing and consecutive processing of the larvae, based on observations in a single rearing facility. C. perfringens vegetative cells and spores were determined, in addition to total viable counts, total aerobic spore counts and intrinsic parameters including pH, water activity and moisture content. All samples were obtained from an industrial production plant. In a preliminary experiment, substrate ingredients and dried larvae were analysed, but the larvae were produced with a previous batch of the substrate mixture. A second, more detailed, experiment was performed where all samples were collected sequentially from the same production run (substrate ingredients, substrate mixture, starting larvae, harvested larvae, residue, dried larvae and stored dried larvae). In the two experiments, (presumptive) C. perfringens, as determined on tryptose sulphite cycloserine agar, was found at low numbers in the ingredients and in the second experiment it was also found in the substrate mixture. Over the two experiments, total C. perfringens counts (i.e. vegetative cells plus spores) ranged between 3.0±0.1 and <1.2±0.5 log cfu/g and C. perfringens spores ranged between 2.5±0.1 and <1.0±0.0 log cfu/g. Interestingly, vegetative cells and spores of C. perfringens were below the detection limit in all larvae samples. Therefore, it appears that at this production site and based on the samples investigated, the pathogen did not colonise the larvae. However, these results indicate that insect producers should monitor this pathogen among others, and install good hygiene practices to avoid contamination.


To support patients in making complex and difficult decisions, it is necessary to form a team that comprises different specialists, the patient, and family members who have detailed information about the latter. Shared decision-making (SDM) is the foundation of patient-centered care; however, its structure in the context of multidisciplinary teams remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to validate the novel interprofessional SDM measure ("Group's SDM measure"). We used data of 175 participants who attended SDM Workshops for Advance Care Planning. The Group's SDM measure included 10 Japanese items that could be used by small groups of multidisciplinary professionals, and the responses were rated using a 6-point Likert scale. The index exhibited a single-factor structure and high goodness of fit with residual correlation via factor analysis. We calculated Cronbach's α (α = 0.948) and McDonald's ω (ω = 0.948) and verified high internal consistency. The Group's SDM measure can be used when evaluating the SDM process where multidisciplinary professionals are involved. We hope that in the future, it will lead to the promotion of interprofessional SDM through training with the use of this measure.


In the gestational period, several changes can occur in the woman's body, almost all the body's systems can undergo modifications, among them is the skin. One of the main changes that occur in the skin is melasma or pregnancy stain, which is the most common in the pigmentary changes of pregnancy. Hyperpigmentations are, in general, disorders distinguished by an increase in melanin and other pigments in the skin. The main triggers for the emergence of melasma are: sex hormones solar radiation and external agents, sources of free radicals. Melasma is characterized by irregularly shaped, brownish melanic pigmentation that appears mainly on the face, and may appear in the 1st or 2nd trimester of pregnancy, especially in women who are of childbearing age and also with phototypes IV and V. During pregnancy, the use of photoprotection correctly is essential for skin protection and to prevent the appearance of melasma, it is always recommended to use sunscreen daily, being applied 30 minutes before sun exposure and reapplying whenever necessary, avoiding the maximum sun exposure between the hours of 10 am to 4 pm. After pregnancy, there may be a large increase in hyperpigmentation, so some professionals indicate treatment after weaning, with some whitening substances such as glycolic acid, azelaic acid, and kojic acid, and can be associated with combined therapy, that is, in some cases, associate diamond pelling, which is a device with a sandpaper at the tip where it produces a sanding in the epidermis. , thus generating cell renewal. It is extremely important that pregnant women receive, at the beginning of pregnancy, all the information on prevention of melasma, and care with adequate photoprotection, thus avoiding psychological suffering and changes in their self-esteem.


Volvo Cars has made a strategic investment in StoreDot, a company whose design and synthesis of proprietary organic and inorganic compounds makes it possible to rapidly charge EVs.


Velocity (VFAS) of a first arriving signal for f < 0.5 MHz is expected to have an enhanced sensitivity to endosteal osteoporotic changes as compared to using higher frequencies. In this study a group of males and females (aged 10‐87 years) was measured by using a new array probe (fc = 0.4 MHz) on the radius and tibia. In addition, peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to assess the bone mineral density (BMD) and cortical thickness (CTh) at the same bone locations. Initial results (n=57) showed that the repeatability error of the VFAS data (CVrms) was 0.5%. When VFAS data for the radius was plotted by age it characterized well, yet better than BMD or CTh, the typical growth and loss curve of bone. VFAS for the radius was strongly correlated with total BMD (r = 0.84, p < 0.001), cortical BMD (r = 0.77, p < 0.001), subcortical BMD (r = 0.66, p < 0.001) and CTh (r = 0.59, p < 0.001). Corresponding results for the tibia were similar but clearly weaker than those for the radius. In conclusion, th...


In this paper, we present an approach to automatically extract and classify opinions in texts. We propose a similarity measurement calculating semantically distances between a word and predefined subgroups of seed words. We have evaluated our algorithm on the semantic evaluation company "SemEval 2007" corpus, and we obtained the best value of Precision and F1 62% and 61%. As an improvement of 20 % compared to others participants.


Surveys conducted over two successive seasons showed that 20 insect species belonging to orders viz, Homoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Thysanoptera, and Coleoptera attack sweet potato. The homopterans were the dominant insects. The total of beneficial insects associated were thirteen species belonging to six orders viz., Coleoptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Diptera, Dermaptera, Nuroptera. The early planting date harboured the lowest number of insect species, while the late planting increased the population. The variety NcSu925 (Kafr EI-Zyat) was the most resistant to all groups of insects studied.


The article provides discussion about the possibilities and limitations of the measurement of satisfaction with the rented dwelling. The authors suppose that the satisfaction with the objective and subjective characteristics of the rented dwelling are influenced by the social status of the dweller as well as by the current situation on the housing market (i.e. changes in the demands structure towards the rented dwelling, the rising popularity of the online services). The tenants of the apartments and rooms in Moscow have differences in the professional and educational status, income and socio-demographic characteristics, that determine their expectations towards the dwelling, concerning the possibilities of the space connected to fulfillment of their everyday needs. Due to the subjective character of the satisfaction concept, the multiple ways of its measurement were used in our research: among them are two indices created with the concrete definition of the measurement parameters and the traditional question about the general level of satisfaction with the rented dwelling. The results of the research show that the satisfaction with rented dwelling appears to be the integral index of the complicated consumer preferences on the market of rental housing. To conclude, the limited nature of the validity of the traditional question about the general level of satisfaction with the rented dwelling is provided as one of the methodical finding. The variable representing the general satisfaction was better to be excluded as it did not reflect the connection between the social status (or its components) and the satisfaction with the rented dwelling. Otherwise, this way of satisfaction measurement played the role of the trap question that helped to realize the discussion of satisfaction with the dwelling (particularly, the rented one in present research) to be rather sensitive. Therefore, the authors have a good cause for the further development of the empirical models of measurement of satisfaction as the multidimensional concept.


Multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful and diverse tool for the elucidation of organic compounds and mixtures. This communication presents a discussion of the basic multidimensional liquid state NMR experiments that can be applied to humic substances. A range of experiments is discussed in detail regarding the information that can be obtained for the structural elucidation of humic materials and their solution interactions. In addition, for each experiment, a short review of previous applications is included along with practical tips and guidelines.


Chalcone and 2`,4`-dihydroxychalcone were synthesized from
Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone or 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone through
Claisen Schmidt condensation mechanism reaction. The aim of this research
is to determine the influence of hydroxyl group of 2,4-
dihydroxyacetophenone on synthesis of 2`,4`-dihydroxychalcone. The
synthesis of both compounds was carried under microwave irradiation with
the same condition and the structures of synthesized compounds were
confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, IR spectrophotometry, and 1HNMR
spectrometry.
The synthesis of Chalcone under microwave irradiation (400 watt,
nine minutes) produced pale yellow crystal (1,72%) and its melting point is
51°C. The yield was poor due to low degree of catalyst purity (Bentonite).
The synthesis of 2`,4`-dihydroxychalcone with the same condition was
unsuccessful. It might be due to overheat causing polymerization and
producing reddish purple crystal which has melting point above 300°C.


The challenges and difficulties facing St. Vincent's Hospital in addressing the homeless needs of chronically ill individuals are discussed. The efforts undertaken by the Way2Home Assertive Outreach Health Team are highlighted.


Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a promising new approach that could substantially enhance the range of possible neuroradiological investigations. It also is allowing clinicians to focus not just on macrostructural pathology, but functional pathology and the adaptive mechanisms in response to them: brain plasticity. The potential importance arises from diagnosis or monitoring needs in a broad range of neurological disorders without structural pathology correlates. In addition, fMRI addresses the need to establish diagnoses early, even in pre-symptomatic stages of disease. In this review, we will briefly illustrate current and developing applications of fMRI and suggest some of the areas in which functional imaging techniques are likely to develop increasing clinical relevance.


The advantages and practical feasibility of biological induced carbonate precipitation (biodeposition) as a surface treatment on building materials have been addressed by several authors. In most cases, biodeposition was achieved by the use of a culture medium inoculated with pure cultures and bacteria, each research group promoting different strains.
More recently, the application of a culture medium activating the microbial community inhabiting the stone has been proposed as a more user friendly method for biodesposition applications in situ. The long activation times of this technique encouraged use to develop an in situ enrichment of carbonate producing bacteria. For that purpose, different media were developed which allowed a rapid growth of carbonate producing strains upon exposure to the surrounding air. Among the different metabolic pathways under investigation, conditions optimal for carbonate precipitation were most rapidly obtained upon the hydrolysis of urea. The rate of urea hydrolysis and biodesposition remained however low compared to pure cultures of Bacillus sphaericus. A heat induced germination in combination with a higher concentration of yeast extract proved to be an effective way to accelerate the microbial conversion of urea and the concomitant carbonate precipitation.


The Elizabeth Daily Journal and its weekly predecessor, the New Jersey Journal (established in 1779), have had the longest continued existence of any newspaper in the state. Through the generosity of its publisher, Mr. Robert C. Crane, the Library has received not only the entire office file of the Journal but also a microfilm copy of the whole. This is a gift of no small proportions—there are 409 reels of microfilm alone—and of considerable research value. Including several volumes previously owned, the Library now has bound files of the weekly Journal for 1786-87, 1796-97, 1808-09, 1813-17, 182123, 1832-34, 1840-42, 1847-64, 1867, 1870-765 and of the Daily Journal from 1872.


This chapter introduces perspectives within an emerging anthropology of emotion, affect, and the law, which traces how embodied emotional responses are mobilized socially and politically to reinforce the moral legitimacy of particular legalistic and technocratic solutions to the problem of violence in Africa. Taking the particular case of Dominic Ongwen, a convicted commander of the Ugandan Lord's Resistance Army who was brought before the International Criminal Court for a range of crimes against humanity, we see the beginning of a trend to demonstrate methodologically an interrelationship between micro processes and macro and historical processes. This happens through a study of the emotive and affective processes that go into the making of individual 'perpetrators'. But we also see that part of that process involves the necessary connection to the longue durée that makes such racial depictions immediately believable. Through an examination of both the psychosocial and complex historical and political conditions that underscore inter-generational trauma in postcolonial contexts, we see how the intersection of emotion, affects, and law has played out in the study of law and anthropology.


Method and apparatus for accessing a processor in a physical memory location referenced by physical addresses are described herein. The processor fetch / receive instructions with reference bar and / or physical addresses of the reference terminal of the virtual memory address. Conversion logic converts the virtual memory address to a physical address, to provide a physical address to common interface. Physical addressing logic decodes the reference terminal of the physical address, based on the stored memory type by physical addressing logic to provide a physical address to common interface. .BACKGROUND


Gas-phase E.P.R. spectra from the first six vibrational levels in X 3Σ- SO have been detected and analysed using a Hund's case (b) formalism. The spectra can be fitted using the following molecular constants: The first and second derivatives of with respect to the normalized internuclear distance ξ were calculated from these constants. A simple analytic formalism is described which enables the variation of with internuclear distance to be separated into contributions from the matrix elements and from the change in energy spacing between interacting states. Both effects are important in the derivatives of , but it is suggested that in SO most of the variation of with rotational and vibrational state is due to the increase in the second-order part of the parameter as the separation between the ground and the dominant perturbing state decreases. This explanation implies that the expression proposed recently by Veseth and Lofthus for the rotational variation of is not accurate, and enables the conflict betwee...


The Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method is widely used to model a large variety of electrical systems ranging from interconnects to antennas and packaging. A key aspect in the development of the method is the computation of interaction integrals, namely partial inductances and coefficients of potential. In this work, a novel semi-analytical approach to the computation of the self-interaction integral over rectangular domains is proposed for the zero thickness case as it occurs in the case of the coefficients of potential and partial inductances of very thin conductors and in the surface integral equation based formulation. The proposed semi-analytical formula is verified by comparison with more standard integration schemes.


Abstract. An experimental investigation with dry granular flows passing over an obstacle down a rough inclined channel has been performed. The aim is to improve our understanding of the interaction between dense snow avalanches and defence structures. Specific attention was directed to the study of the zone of influence upstream from the obstacle, linked to the formation of a dead zone. The dead zone length L was systematically measured as a function of the obstacle height H and the channel inclination θ, for several discharges. In a whole range of channel inclinations, all the data are shown to collapse into a single curve when properly scaled. The scaling is based on the introduction of a theoretical deposit length (depending on H, θ and the internal friction angle of the material, φ) and a Froude number of the flow depending on the obstacle height.


The radio emission of the Sun has been measured using a radio interferometer including two Yagi antennas operated at 610 MHz. We report the observation of interferences and comment on the results.


The current tendency in the life sciences to spawn ever growing amounts of high-throughput assays has led to a situation where the interpretation of data and the formulation of hypotheses lag the pace at which information is produced. Although the first generation of statistical algorithms scrutinizing single, large-scale data sets found their way into the biological community, the great challenge to connect their results to existing knowledge still remains. Despite the fairly large number of biological databases that is currently available, a lot of relevant information is found in free-text format (such as textual annotations, scientific abstracts and full publications). In this paper we explore how an integrated analysis of expression data and literature-extracted information can reveal biologically meaningful clusters not identified when using microarray information alone. The joint analysis is validated in terms of transcriptional regulation.


Introduction Chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) due to their extensive distribution in both healthy and cancerous cells, lead to severe side effects. One of the most effective ways to overcome this problem is targeting delivery. Particular characteristics of chitosan such as cationic nature make its nanoparticles one of the best options for using as targeting drug carriers. Since nearly 75% of breast cancer cells express the estrogen receptor (ER), blocking the ER function (using ER antagonists such as Raloxifene) seems to be effective on reducing the risk of progress in breast cancer. In this study, a novel double effect nanoparticle based on raloxifene-chitosan conjugate was prepared for adjuvant therapy and drug targeting to breast cancer cells via ER receptor. Materials and Methods: CS-RAL NPs containing DOX hydrochloride were prepared by ionotropic gelation method and characterized by Nanozetasizer and TEM. The effect of nanoparticles on cell viability was evaluated using XTT assay. Moreover, inhibition tests were performed by means of Estradiol as the main ligand of estrogen receptor. Results: CS-RAL NPs containing DOX hydrochloride have sizes between 25-35 nm and desired zeta potentials. XTT assay on MCF-7 cell line illustrated that nanoparticles containing doxorubicin could inhibit the cellular growth up to 60%. Results from inhibition tests showed that in the presence of Estradiol the cell toxicity of prepared nanoparticles decrease significantly. Conclusions: This study introduced Raloxifene-Chitosan nanoparticles as a novel targeting agent for adjuvant therapy of breast cancer.


Mineralogical, microtextural and geochemical studies have been performed on altered volcanic products from active hydrothermal areas, on phreatic tephra from the 1995 activity and on fragments from older Castle Peak dome and the present (1995–97) dome. The mineral assemblages of the hydrothermal system (primarily silica‐polymorphs) are typical of the upper alteration zone of a high sulfidation system. Volatile and mobile elements chemistry show no evidence of interaction between the hydrothermal system and erupting magmas. These results suggest that the on‐going eruption conduits are isolated from the hydrothermal system due to precipitation of vapor transported silica which drastically reduces the magma degassing through country rocks.


In Colombia the dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae are represented by approximately 34 genera and 380 species. Although this group of insects is the subject of numerous ecological studies in Colombia, there is no appropriate literature for the identification of the included taxa. An illustrated key for the identification of the genera of dung beetles known from Colombia is presented.


This study is the subject of the problem of the abuse of liquor and its impact on the health of the population particularly in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases among consumers.
The main objective is to contribute to the reduction of mobility and mortality associated with excessive consumption of alcohol. This study is carried out in the Democratic Republic of Congo, in the vile town of Masina in Kinshasa. The study has resorted to taking the blood pressure in 115 regular consumers of alcoholic bossons people.
The end result mounts a prevalence of 15.3% of alcohol consumption (excluding liqueurs) with an average of six bottles per day and a likelihood accumulation of alcohol in the order of the body: 30% (if it is Primus, Skol and Nkoy); Mutzig and 33% and 39% Doppel (pourTurbo King). These consumers have symptoms of hypertension in 20% of cases; and heart disease in 27.8% of cases (14% idiopathic frequent heart palpitations spontaneous vertigo 7.8%; 6% of hypotension).


A mailing system with centralized postage collection allows a shift of proof of billing of the postal carrier service from the customer to the mail carrier and is based on a device identifier which allows a distinction of the franking devices from each other and a correct assignment of the billing of the used postage fees to the customer. The franking method comprises the steps of generating a franking (1), conveying and delivering (2) mail pieces to a post office mail center after franking, scanning (3) the franking picture in the post office mail center, and further processing sampled data in a routine (300 at the mail carrier, wherein a decoding (301) of the scanned data, a determination of the respective sender (302), a determination (303) of the respective postage fee, a security check (304) of each franking picture and a central posting (306) of the postage fee Account of the sender takes place as well as transport (4) and delivery (5) of mail pieces to the recipient or sorting of mail pieces in the mail center, if the further processing of the scanned data in the routine (300) is not possible. When generating a franking (1), a new franking picture key is derived for each franking picture from a predecessor of the franking picture key according to a first crypto-algorithm and an integrity check code M, based on the new franking picture key, a ...


A new type of powder mixer has been developed for preparing highly homogenized mixtures and composites of various particulate materials. It consists of a horizontally rotation (at low speed) elliptical barrel and an elliptical impeller (rotating at high speed) installed coaxially inside the barrel. A strong shear force acts on the powders periodically at the narrow clearance between the barrel and the rotor tip.The effects of the operating conditions on the degree of mixing and dispersing have been investigated by using an optical method. The applicability of this equipment to the manufacturing of a variety of powder composites has been shown.


Hybrid plants and seeds were pro-duced by using the technique of test-tube fertilization between two species of tobacco-N.tabacum (2n=48) + N.rustica (2n=48).The leaf shape of F_1 is similar to the female parent,and its stalk is similar to the male one.The pollen grains of F_1 are abnormal,i.e.the F_1 plants are sterile.The chro-mosome number of root tips of hybrid plantlets is around 48.Detection of peroxidases showed that the coexistent bands and the special bands are comefrom both parents. A number of plantlets have been regenerated from leaf blade and coty-ledon of the hybrid by means of tissue culture.The chromosome number of most plantlets are 2n=48,yet,a lot of aneuploids showing irregular chromo-some numbers. It seems that it is an effective way to preserve the hybrid by applying test-tube fertilization together with tis-sue culture.


Inspired by work of Ejiri-Micallef on closed minimal surfaces, we compare the energy index and the area index of a free-boundary minimal surface of a Riemannian manifold with boundary, and show that the area index is controlled from above by the area and the topology of the surface. Combining these results with work of Fraser-Li, we conclude that the area index of a free-boundary minimal surface in a convex domain of Euclidean three-space, is bounded from above by a linear function of its genus and its number of boundary components. We also prove index bounds for submanifolds of higher dimension.


This datasheet on Campylobacter spp. (C. coli, C. jejuni) as foodborne pathogens covers Identity, Overview, Associated Diseases, Pests or Pathogens, Risk Assessment, Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Uses, Food Safety, Economics, Further Information.


Titian is an inescapable figure in the history of Venetian painting,
casting his shadow over the majority of contemporary
artists. Veronese, Tintoretto, and Lotto are often judged in
relation to his maniera, and their stylistic characteristics are
understood as deviations from the norm as embodied by Titian.
This perception, largely disseminated by contemporary
art history, does not, however, do justice to the diversity of
local artistic creation. Mannerism is too often considered
unrelated to the Venetian aesthetic, and art historians ascribe
to all Venetian artistic production characteristics that are valid
(at least in part) for Titian alone. The question of sculpture is
similarly marginalized and perceived as fundamentally opposed
to the art advocated by Titian.
Recent studies of the
artist's « last manner », the famous pittura di macchia, have
made it possible to reevaluate Titian's role in the evolution
of art and to better define his actual influence. Research on
his workshop, as well as scientific analyses (X-rays, pigment),
cast a new light on his style and allow for a « demythologization
» of the master of Cadore


The semimagic nucleus 90Zr, with Z = 40 and N = 50, is investigated in terms of large scale shell model calculations. A logical agreement is obtained between the available experimental data and predicted values. The calculated results indicate that the low-lying states are primarily dominated by the proton excitations from the fp orbitals across the Z = 38 or 40 subshell into the high-j orbital. For the higher-spin states of 90Zr, the breaking of the N = 50 core plays a crucial role, and the contribution of different orbitals to each state are discussed in this article. The evolution from neutron core excitations to proton excitations is systematically studied along the neighboring N = 50 isotones. Furthermore, the strong = 1 sequence demonstrates an abrupt backbend attributed to the alignment of the valence nucleons in fp proton orbitals and is proposed to have a configuration before the backbend, based on the shell model calculations. The properties of this sequence before the backbend indicate a general agreement with the fingerprints of magnetic rotation; hence, the sequence with the configuration is suggested as a magnetic rotational band arising from shears mechanism.


Following on our study of hail for the Southern Great Plains (SGP), we investigated the spatial and temporal hail trends and variabilities for the Northern Great Plains (NGP) and the contributing factors for summers (June–August) focusing on the period of 2004–2016 using two independent hail datasets. Analysis for an extended period (1994–2016) with the hail reports was also conducted to more reliably investigate the contributing factors. Both severe hail (1″ < diameter ≤ 2″) and significant severe hail (SSH; diameter > 2″) were examined and similar results were obtained. The occurrence of hail over the NGP demonstrated a large interannual variability, with a positive slope overall. Spatially, the increase is mainly located in the western part of Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota. We find the three major dynamical factors that most likely contribute to the hail interannual variability in the NGP are the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic subtropical high (NASH), and low-level jet (LLJ). With a thermodynamical variable integrated water vapor transport that is strongly controlled by LLJ, the four factors can explain 78% of the interannual variability in the number of SSH reports. Hail occurrences in the La Niña years are higher than the El Niño years since the jet stream is stronger and NASH extends further into the southeastern United States, thereby strengthening the LLJ and in turn water vapor transport. Interestingly, the important factors impacting hail interannual variability over the NGP are quite different from those for the SGP, except for ENSO.


Acetic acid is one of important chemical products.But,the corrosion due to acetic acid will seriously affect the safe and stable operation of equipment.In material selection for acetic acid production,the oxidization and reduction,especially the combined effects of oxidant and halogen ion,should be taken into account.In this article,the application of materials,such as stainless steel,titanium, nickel alloys and copper,were evaluated.


The research entitled "assessment of bacterial contamination in the coastal area of laem phak bia, Laem Phak Bia Sub District, Ban Laem District, Phetchaburi Province" has been focused on examinating and monitoring of water quality of biological characteristics in the coastal area of Laem Phak Bia. After the treated municipal wastewater has been released into the coastal area, the water quality has been shown in five different zones, as follows: Zone A: 1,000 meters from the coast, Zone B: 2,000 meters from the coast, Zone C: 3,000 meters from the coast, Zone D: 4,000 meters from the coast, Zone E: 5,000 meters from the coast water quality of biological characteristics has been sampled and analyzed during August 2012 (rainy season) and March 2013 (summer). Seven parameters have been identified as follows: Clostridium sp., Salmonella aurous , Salmonella sp., Vibrio sp., Escherichia coli , Fecal Coliform and Total Coliform. The study expresses that the averages of the coastal area of Laem Phak Bia were 00.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 1.22 CFU/ml, 1.80 MPN/100 ml and 8.15 MPN/100 ml respectively. By comparing with the standard water quality from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (2004), the results of the study have been consistent with the original standards and the treated water from the wastewater treatment system within these coastal areas are all safe to health for people, animal or organisms.


Finding the best signal constellation for different communication channels is one of the fundamental problems in digital communication. This problem has been studied widely from different angles and many methods have been proposed for designing good practical signal constellations. There has been a rejuvenated interest in designing good constellations during last decade, in part due to the advent of novel optimization techniques. Nevertheless, most of the recent work, similar to the older work in this area, aims to optimize the constellation within a presumed structure (such as points lying on concentric rings). In this paper, we develop a different approach: we aim to optimize constellations based on a Chernoff bound on the probability of error in the versatile Nakagami-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> fading channel. We derive two general bounds on the symbol error rate and bit error rate performance of orthogonal transmission in a Nakagami-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> fading channel for single-input single-output and orthogonal space-time block codes and we show that a substantial improvement in the error probability is achieved with the novel constellations that are optimized using these bounds.


Processes like flash floods or debris flows, which typically occur in small headwater catchments, represent a substantial natural hazard in alpine regions. Due to the entrainment of sediment, the discharge of debris flows can be up to an order of magnitude larger compared to 100-year fluvial flood events in the same channel, which poses a great threat to affected communities. Besides the triggering rainfall, the initiation of debris flows depends on the watershed's hydrological and geomorphological susceptibility, which makes it hard to predict and understand where and when debris flows occur.


The crystal structure and magnetic properties of orthomanganites R 1-x MnO 3+y (R=La, Eu; x≤0.2; y≤0.13) were investigated. It was shown that the increase of oxygen content leads to the transformation from the antiferromagnetic to the ferromagnetic state in these compounds. The Curie temperatures of La 1-x MnO 3+y and freezing temperatures of magnetic clusters for Eu 1-x MnO 3+y in the samples with deficit of A-cations are higher than those in parent compounds magnetic The magnetic data indicate that the mixed magnetic state involving ferro- and antiferromagnetic domains is (with x=0). The magnetic data indicate that the mixed magnetic state involving ferro- and antiferromagnetic domains is realized in the intermediate range of x, y values.


Abstract This research is a case study on detection of pesticides in river water, sediment as well as fish samples from Tapi River, among the major rivers of Gujarat, India. To investigate the misuse, concentration level and occurrence patterns of persistent pesticides, samples were collected from the river. Chlorpyrifos, methyl parathion, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) and endosulfan were analyzed by gas chromatography technique with flame ionization detector (FID). Scanty reports are available, but after 1999, no such data are reported as some of these pesticides have been banned. Although these pesticides are still in use which we observed from the obtained results. In this river, the amount of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, and methyl parathion was observed in surface water with concentrations of 37.56 µg/L, 0.86 µg/L and 0.43 µg/L, respectively. Endosulfan, DDT and methyl parathion detected in sediment were 38.38 ng/g, 0.65 ng/g and 0.77 ng/g, respectively. In fish samples, levels of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, and methyl parathion detected were 101.28, 0.392, and 3.49 ng/g correspondingly. Results showed that highly toxic pesticides are still being used in the surrounding area, and there is an urgent need for enforcement of rules to control the production and application of such pesticides.


Lee Y-H, Chen CC-C, Lee S-K, et al. Patient safety during radiological examinations: a nationwide survey of residency training hospitals in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2016;6: e010756. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010756 In the Abstract, the text "medical centres had lower monthly rates of suboptimal (but interpretable) radiographs (0.00±0.01% vs. 0.64±1.84%)" should read "medical centres had an overall insignificantly lower monthly rate of suboptimal (but interpretable) radiographs than local institutions (0.40±4.10% vs. 2.00±5.23%)". In Supplemental Table S6 and the Results section. In (Midexamination phase evaluation) the paragraph entitled "Assessment of image quality" in the Results, the first sentence, "Rejected films and suboptimal radiographs were ..... in >60% of medical centres and local institutions," should have read "Rejected films and suboptimal radiographs were ..... in <50% of medical centres and local institutions". The second sentence should say: "The frequency of suboptimal radiographs was not significantly different between medical centres and local institutions (0.40±4.10% vs. 2.00±5.23% per month, p=0.549), while the variation in retake rate was significantly smaller in medical centres (3.00±1.00% vs. 2.00±16.37% per month, p=0.028)". Finally, in the Image quality assurance: needed for improving workforce skills of the Discussion section, the first sentence, "Image retake rates at medical centres and local institutions ..... at both centres was incorrect patient positioning," should read "Even though image retake rates at medical centers and local institutions were significantly different, in both cases the image rejections were mainly attributed to incorrect patient positioning". Here are the corrected numbers for the upper part of Supplementary Table 6:


This paper studies the dynamics of external accounts during 278 economic recession events in the past 60 years and sheds light on key factors that shape these patterns. Economic recessions trigger highly-persistent increases in the current account, driven by an initial, sharp decline in investment and fueled by medium term deleveraging, more so in advanced economies than in emerging markets. The strengthening of the current account is more pronounced when internal and external imbalances are present, and less when recessions are synchronized across countries. During severe natural disasters or epidemics, however, current accounts tend to weaken in the short term. Consistent with these findings, the COVID-19 shock, with comparatively moderate pre-existing imbalances yet high synchronization, had a muted effect on current account balances. The compositional changes, however, were unique and driven by unprecedented policy intervention, with record public dissaving more than offsetting exceptional private saving.


China's written traditions distinguished a subset of the texts produced in the Middle Kingdom from the others, by granting them the status of "Canons (jing)". This does not hold true only for the most conspicuous of them all, the "Confucian Canons", on which the examination system was based. In many domains of inquiry too, scholars designated some earlier texts as "Canons". What did it mean for a text to be considered a "Canon"? Which specific attitudes and modes of reading did this fact entail? These are some of the questions to the understanding of which this paper aims at contributing. John Henderson already examined such questions in his Scripture, Canon and Commentary. A Comparison of Confucian and Western Exegesis (Princeton University Press, 1991). However, as far as I know and as J. Henderson himself stressed, the discussion on these matters has until today mainly concentrated on the case of the "Confucian canons" and has not yet benefited from investigating the writings considered as "Canons" by the practitioners of fields of inquiry like medicine or mathematics. In contrast to these earlier studies, I focus on the book that, for centuries, has been deemed to be the most important Canon for mathematics: The nine chapters on mathematical procedures (Jiuzhang suanshu). A Han composition of problems and general procedures to solve them, this book constitutes the earliest mathematical source handed down to us by the written tradition and was granted the status of canon soon after its completion. My aim is to examine what the case of mathematics can contribute to the description of a "Canon" as text. Indeed, there is evidence showing that actors themselves felt that these texts belonged to the same category. For example, one can quote the 13th century commentator, Yang Hui, who is himself quoting the preface composed by Rong Qi when he had Jia Xian (11th c.)'s commentary printed in 1148. He states: "When the government instituted the examinations in mathematics to select officials, they chose The nine chapters to be the most important of the mathematical Canons, since, indeed, it is like the six Canons of the Confucians, the (Canon of) difficulties and the (Grand) Simplicity of the medical schools, the Book of Master Sun of military art!" It is hence legitimate to inquire into the nature of such books by relying on the case of mathematics. I approach the questions raised above by observing the earliest readers of the Canon whose testimony came down to us, namely: the commentators. Indeed, as any Canon, The nine chapters on mathematical procedures gave rise to commentaries, two of which were selected by the written tradition to be handed down with the text of the Canon itself. These are the commentaries by Liu Hui, completed in 263, and those written by a group of scholars under the supervision of Li Chunfeng and finished in 656 —let us call the latter, for the sake of simplicity, Li Chunfeng's comments. Moreover, until the Song-Yuan era, scholars went on composing comments on it, two of which came down to us: Jia Xian's (11th century) and Yang Hui's (13th century), mentioned above. These commentators operated at very different time periods. However, they share a same expectation towards the Canon: they all consider that it should encompass the whole of mathematics. However strange this belief may seem, it takes us to the heart of the matter, since such an expectation is regularly met with in commentaries to canons. When looked upon from the point of view of contemporary mathematics, it may be considered as meaningless, an attitude that some contemporary scholars were tempted to adopt. However, when examining this expectation from the perspective of the category of texts to which The nine chapters belong, it seems to only translate the fact that The nine chapters were deemed a Canon. My paper attempts to elucidate, in the case of mathematics, which kinds of reading and exegesis the commentators performed that led them to conceive of the Canon as exhaustive. This may help us understand this statement more generally, as regards any canon. Moreover, I discuss the conception of mathematics that went along with such an expectation.


We describe a new and easy route to model graft copolymers A2B as the simplest model and regular graft copolymer in which the grafting points are regularly spaced and the grafts have strictly the same size. This route is based on a double addition−elimination reaction of polystyryl Li or K on a specific 1,1-diphenylethylene derivative. The resulting well-defined A2B structures include (PS)2PtBuMA, (PS)2PMMA, (PS)2PEO, (PS)2PeCL, (PS)2PLLA, and regular graft copolymers with PS backbone and PEO or PtBuMA grafts.


Abstract. In this paper, we present a review on triangular functions (TFs) to solve linear two-dimensional fuzzy Fredholm integral equations system of the second kind (2D-FFIES-2). The properties of triangular functions are utilized to reduce the 2D-FFIES-2 to a linear system of algebraic equations. Moreover, we state the convergence analysis of the method. Finally, some examples show the simplicity and the validity of the present numerical method.


Analysis of chemiluminescence levels of blood sera from 64 patients with mycosis fungoides and 44 ones with nontumor dermatoses (eczema, psoriasis, secondary erythroderma) has helped specify some aspects in the pathogenesis of mycosis fungoides. Basing on the findings of this analysis, the authors have developed an auxiliary method for differential diagnosis of mycosis fungoides and nontumor dermatoses, whose clinical patterns are similar, and a method for assessing the tumor cell sensitivity to prescribed polychemotherapeutic complex and finding the optimal period between the courses of therapy.


Fractional Laplacian is an important nonlocal operator which has many applications in different kinds of differential equations. Recently, optimization problems involving the fractional Laplacian have been studied a lot by many authors. However, most of these papers are focusing on the optimization problems related to the first eigenvalue of the equation. Optimization problems related to the energy functional of the equation have not been investigated well enough. In this paper, we are going to study a maximization problem related to the energy functional of an equation involving a fractional Laplace type operator. Firstly, by using suitable variational framework in a fractional Sobolev space, we can show that a fractional equation has a solution which is in fact the global minimum of the corresponding energy functional. Moreover, by using reduction to absurdity we can obtain the uniqueness of the solution of the fractional equation. Then, we focus on a maximization problem related to the equation which takes the energy functional as the objective functional. Finally, by carefully analysing the properties of an arbitrarily choosen minimizing sequence and the tools of the rearrangement theory, we can prove that the maximization problem is solvable.


Twenty one repeat breeding cows were screened by white side test to eliminate endometritis and they were assigned to three treatment protocols with equal number of seven animals in each group. Cows of control group were administered with 50 ml of normal saline, cows in the group second received 20 ml of fresh colostrum and in group third 10 ml of non pathogenic E. coli. All treatments were given as intra uterine medication. Blood samples from each experimental animal were collected for evaluation of serum amyloid A concentration during preand posttreatment periods, consequent to various therapies as per standard procedures. In addition to this, the conception rate for each treatment regimen was evaluated for efficacy.The serum amyloid A values showed a receding trend in all the experimental groups with significant variation (p<0.01) was marked in the colostrum and non pathogenic E. coli treated group.


A bottom emission structure according to the present invention is an organic EL layer is extracted from the substrate side has a thin film transistor to emit light, and an active type organic EL light emission from the organic EL layer opposite to the substrate side is taken out of the thin film transistor has a top emission structure of the display device, suitable layer (102,106,107) each structure comprising an insulating film of SiO, insulating film and forming a porous film having fine pores. At this time, since the control of the porous film density of the insulating film, the refractive index of the film, the pore diameters of the membrane, the average pore size in the air, the maximum pore diameter membrane, so that refractive index than the transparent electrode or the organic EL layer sandwiched low transparent substrate of the display device, and because the presence of minute pores in the film so that the light scattering effect is obtained. Thus, to achieve efficient light-emitting organic EL layer is extracted (110) from the outside.


PURPOSE: To produce glass fibers whose thickness range is wider with a very thin thickness by maintaining a temperature gradient between the interior and exterior walls of the peripheral band of a centrifuge when high melting-point glass fibers are drawn out by the internal centrifuge. CONSTITUTION: A centrifuge is prepared, where numberless orifice are made to a peripheral wall face band 6 with a thermal conductivity below ≤20 Wm -10 C -1 (at 1,000°C). Glass with a high melting-point such as a basalt is injected in the centrifuge in a melting state. For example, a temperature gradient is formed between the interior and exterior walls of the peripheral band 6 by using, e.g. an internal burner and a torus burner 17 to produce a temperature difference of 50-30°C. Then the temperature of the interior wall is set higher than the temperature transmitted through the glass and the temperature of the exterior wall is set to a temperature at which the viscosity is much higher when the glass is taken out. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


The problem of scattering from infinite frequency selective surfaces (FSS) have been studied for many years by using the Floquet theorem that reduces the computation domain to a single cell (metallic patch element). These methods are already well known. A few studies have been carried out on finite surfaces, but to our knowledge, none of them have considered a general case of application. We describe two methods to compute finite FSS. For small FSS, we have used a rigorous element-by-element approach: the spectral-Galerkin method. The exact interactions between elements are taken into account. For larger surfaces, this method is no more adaptable. The computation time and the memory requirement become too large. So, we used another approach based on plane wave spectral decomposition. It allows us to consider the finite problem as a periodic infinite one.


PurposeThe successive waves of the Covid-19 SARS-II pandemic and the attendant lockdown imposed by the governments worldwide drove the economic activities to a halt. Offices and factories closed, production of goods and services declined and supply chains got severely disrupted. Many companies were embattled with the grim reality of shrinkage of aggregate demand, first due to supply shock and later due to loss of jobs and wages. Amidst all this, the handling and shipping of commodities became extremely complex. As the pandemic shifted consumer preference in favour of digital platforms, more and more fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) companies were confronted with multiple strategies and choices of an appropriate distribution channel to ensure smooth delivery of raw materials and products. The present study aims to study this shift and its implications in the Indian context.Design/methodology/approachA mix-method approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative analysis, is employed to investigate the factors influencing the selection of distribution channels amongst general trade, modern trade, e-commerce and hyperlocal for FMCG companies in India. The first phase of the study uses exploratory factor analysis (EFA), followed by the application of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach in a fuzzy environment to realise the priority weights and ranking of the identified factors. Finally, sensitivity analysis is performed to confirm the robustness of the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) outcomes.FindingsThe study revealed that modern trade has emerged as the most favoured channel in the post-pandemic Indian economy. It has the potential to disrupt general trade. The study also revealed that the hyperlocal delivery model is not economically viable, and the partnership of FMCG companies with these applications is at best a short-term solution. However, it must be submitted that due to its sheer capability to ensure quick deliveries within a confined geographic area, hyperlocal delivery will gain momentum with the advancement of technology.Originality/valueThis study can be seen as the first attempt to investigate the issues related to the selection of the distribution channels in the FMCG sector of India using multi-criteria decision-making technique (MCDM).


Urban wetland is a hot topic in the studies of wetland landscape in recent years.Nanjing is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and resides many rivers and lakes.Xuanwu Lake and Qinhuai River, two main urban wetlands in Nanjing were taken as examples to analyze the characteristics in the aspects of revetments and vegetation composition,in order to develop an appropriate spatial model for waterfronts of the wetlands,therefore providing examples for other wetlands in Nanjing and similar cities.


Justice Sandra Day O'Conner wrote in Troxel v. Granville, "The demographic changes of the past century make it difficult to speak of an average American family." When assessing societal trends for cohabiting couples and their families, Justice O'Connor's statement rings true. While the number of adults getting married in the U.S. has been falling, the number of couples living in cohabiting relationships is on the rise. Since 1990, the number of households led by persons in cohabiting relationships has nearly doubled from 3.1 million (3.4%) in


During the 20 years since the first child was born in Sweden after in vitro fertilisation, clinical policy has changed. During the early 1990s, the clinics performing in vitro fertilisation and the National Board of Health and Welfare agreed to reduce the number of embryos transferred to the uterus during in vitro fertilisation from three to two. Here, we describe the changes in multiple birth rates that have resulted from this change and their impact on the rate of preterm birth. In future papers we intend to describe maternal and child characteristics in greater detail.

In Sweden 17 hospitals or private clinics perform in vitro fertilisation. The National Board of Health and Welfare requested information from these laboratories on all women who had undergone in vitro fertilisation and who had had a baby or whose pregnancy outcome was not known. By linking these data with the Swedish medical birth register, we identified infants born from 1982 to …


Abstract—This manuscript investigates how the framework of complex networks can be applied to the analysis of extremal dependencies, in order to gain new insights into extreme weather and climate events. We identify the most suitable existing type of climate network (event synchronization network), introduce a new network type based on extreme value theory (χ-network), calculate a sample χ-network and suggest future research directions.


Summary

Changes in economic patterns, such as in subsistence practices, settlement organization, and trade, are accompanied by changes in people's view of their world and their place in it. In contexts for which the economic bases and social configurations are fairly well understood, it should be possible to identify and interpret changes in symbolic systems. The case presented involves transformations in the character and decoration of ceramic vessels of the European Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages. This line of inquiry can provide insight into shifts in attitudes and perceptions that came about as the result of newly developing economic and political configurations.


Higher vocational education, a crucial pillar of higher education, aims at providing individuals with the vocational knowledge and skills to enable them to be semi-qualified productive and adaptable members to the requirements of era by delivering curricula designed in accordance with labour market demands. By its nature, any delivered curricula are subject to evaluation in relation to achieving their goals, their functioning, reaching desired knowledge, skills and attitudes. This study aimed to evaluate the curriculum of Restoration department at Cappadocia Vocational College in Nevsehir, offered to contribute to the protection of natural and historical sites, and to meet employers' demands in the region. Participants of the study were students (n=28), instructors (n=7), employers (n=4), and graduates (n=6). The study was based on stakeholders' opinions on curriculum assessed through questionnaires and interviews objectives evaluation model and goal-free evaluation model. Data were analysed by using statistical methods and content analysis method. Results indicated that students felt incompetent at the end of the program. Additionally, although some outcomes were found useful for work-life, unintended outcomes like indiscipline were estimated by stakeholders to pose problems during the work-life. Finally, it was found necessary to revise the program for remedying technical and equipment shortages.


Nature and Science open the news week with an introduction to U.S. President Bush's choice for the nation's science advisor post as their top subject. Both journals also report in their second slots on the same administration's difficulties developing national stem cell and cloning policies.


A remarkable health recovery efiect of the physiological magnetic stimulation (PMS) for an elder person sufiered from the angina pectoris is presented, in which four con- ditions out of flve indices of the metabolic syndrome were normalized through two months. The PMS is carried out using a magnetized fayalite crushed stones crammed vinyl pipe with vibrating on the immunity source area of the thymus, the pit of the stomach, and the intestinal ∞ora (\san jiao" in Chinese medicine). Mechanisms for the PMS efiect are discussed with the magneto- protonics principle considering transition of the measured electro-encephalogram (EEG) and the electro-cardiogram (ECG) before and during the PMS.


of villages around the town. These villages offer existing examples of expanded communities and deserve careful study including the subsequent upgrading of some of the village facilities, such as the Village Colleges. The lack of sites in some of the Welsh mining valleys has been overcome by the reclamation of industrial dereliction, notably slag heaps. This solution requires good pre-planning and is preferably carried out with an end use in view. There are both grants and advice available on reclamation from the relevant Gov-


In this paper we present a MANET proactive routing enhancement scheme by comprehensive evaluation of multiple dynamic routing metrics, including delay, energy cost, and link stability. We developed efficient routing metric prediction methods: predicting delay and energy using double exponential smoothing, and predicting link stability using a heuristic based on the normal-like distributions of the link lifetimes in typical MANET mobility scenarios. The routing metrics predictions are incorporated with regular routing information exchanges. On each node, routing table is constructed by a modified version of Dijkstra's algorithm, which evaluates the predicted metrics values compositively. We integrated such a multi-metric prediction/evaluation mechanism into OLSR and name it OLSR MC. We show by simulation that OLSR MC is more adaptive to the network dynamics and therefore is able to improve performance significantly on multiple routing objectives, including higher packet delivery ratio, shorter average end-to- end delay, and prolonged network energy lifetime.


Hemoglobin S percentages are used in the management of patients who have sickle cell disease. However, hemoglobin S measurements often are not routinely or rapidly performed. Rapid and accurate methods to estimate hemoglobin S levels after simple transfusion may improve the care of patients with sickle cell disease.


The relationship between school and community is a kind of interaction and it can be summarized into four models: solving problems model,sharing resources model,law guiding mode,community activities model and organizational based model.In order to improve the relationship,it is necessary to adopt the strategies of improving relations by principals,improving relationship through mass-media,improving the relationship between families and schools,solving and managing dangerous situations in school and communicating and understanding for each other.


Press machine tools are often used in important industrial establishments, such as automobiles, aerospace, and aviation; these machine tools must be produced with high precision. Therefore, studies related to improving press tools and enhancing their precision are being conducted. In this study, a press machine tool based on the Stephenson II mechanism is proposed. Compared to that of conventional crank presses, this mechanism increases the slider balance using a ternary link and unique connecting rods. Thus, the slider precision can be improved with a small addition to the mechanism, and load transmission can be ensured in a balanced manner. To test the contribution of the mechanism, dynamic analysis is performed using the kinetostatic method, and the dynamic data of the mechanism are obtained. Subsequently, a press machine prototype is designed and manufactured. The experimental results are verified against the theoretical results, confirming that the proposed press machine tool based on the Stephenson II mechanism has better characteristics than those of the conventional press machine owing to the favorable distribution of forces on the slide and lower reaction to the slide guides.


Recently, many companies are relying on Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to understand the text data generated daily. It has become very critical to deal with this data because finding the sentiments of text and summarizing them will help the company understand the pain points of the customers posting reviews on social media or understand the experience of the customer. These requirements have increasingly demanded many advanced algorithms to deal the text data. The introduction of Transformers led to businesses adopting NLP methods more and more to keep up with their needs. Models like Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPT), state-of-the-art results were achieved with billions of parameters learned. Although these advancements improved the accuracy and expanded the use of algorithms to a wide range of NLP tasks like language translation, text summarization, and language modeling. Businesses are more interested in the Explainability of the model compared to its accuracy. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) plays an important role to comprehend the complexities of the model as well as the influence of weights on predictions. In this paper, the complexities of the transformer model are unraveled by presenting a straightforward method for computing explainable predictions. The DistilBERT model is chosen as an example to implement the explainable system due to its lighter nature. Combining the strengths of a Posthoc expla-nation with those of a self-learning neural network, the method makes it simple to scale it to other algorithms to implement. With technologies like python, PyTorch, and Hugging Face, a detailed step-by-step algorithmic computation is demonstrated to explain the predictions from the attention-based explanations.


Objective To review the anatomical classification of coronary artery and results of 107 arteries switch operation. Methods 107 patients were repaired by arterial switch operation from January 2000 to September 2004. There were 44 patients with transposition of great arteries and intact ventricular septum (D-TGA/IVS), 38 patients with transposition of great arteries and ventricular septal defect (D-TGA/VSD) and 25 patients with double outlet of right ventricle with subpulmonary ventricular septum defect (TaussigBing). There were 28 patients with abnormal coronary arteries (28%). Results There were 4(9.02%) deaths in TGA/IVS group, 8 (21.05%) deaths in TGA/VSD group and 5(20.00%) deaths in Taussig-Ring group.The total mortality was 15.88%. All patients were followed from 6 months to 4 years., Three patients had residual VSD, it closed spontaneously after 1 - 2 months postoperatively. One patient had residual VSD and subpulmonary stenosis, was reoperated after 3 months.Two patients had supra pulmonary valve stenosis , they were followed up. All others had good heart function and no myocardium ischemia symptoms. Conclusion Classification of abnormal coronary arteries is difficult because there are variations. The Leiden classification was simpler.Incidence of abnormal coronary arteries is higher in Taussig-Bine group and TGA/VSD group, so due attention should be paid during switch operation.


Thymolipoma is a rare benign tumor of mediastinum. It comprises 2-9% of all thymic neoplasms. A 35-year-old man patient applied to our hospital with chest pain. In physical examination nothing characteristic was found and the routine laboratory findings were not remarkable. A chest radiograph showed no abnormalities however chest multislice computed tomography scans revealed an anterior mediastinal lesion in thymic area. No findings was found in respect of invasion in magnetic resonance imaging. Preoperatively radiological diagnosis was thymic hyperplasia but histopathological diagnosis was thymolipoma. We present the case of thymolipoma phenomenon which causes the chest pain.