Using the theories in the science of thought process, the author divides the thought process in clinical practice into four stages, namely, detecting problems, confirming problems, putting forward hypotheses and testing hypotheses, and describes the characteristics of the thought process of each stages. The author illuminates his ideas further with a medical case of Xi'an Medical University using large doses of vitamin C in the treatment of acute attack of Kersan disease.


We use Fourier–Mukai transform to compute the cohomology of the Picard bundles on the compactified Jacobian of an integral nodal curve $Y$. We prove that the transform gives an injective morphism from the moduli space of vector bundles of rank $r \ge 2$ and degree $d$ ($d$ sufficiently large) on $Y$ to the moduli space of vector bundles of a fixed rank and fixed Chern classes on the compactified Jacobian of $Y$. We show that this morphism induces a morphism from the moduli space of vector bundles of rank $r \ge 2$ and a fixed determinant of degree $d$ on $Y$ to the moduli space of vector bundles of a fixed rank with a fixed determinant and fixed Chern classes on the compactified Jacobian of $Y$.


This background paper defines letterbox companies and establishes their links with associated forms of undeclared employment, labour law violations and tax evasion. The paper reviews the legislation which has facilitated the use of letterbox firms and provides examples of how letterbox firms operate in practice. The outcome is a series of potential policy and enforcement solutions which could be adopted to identify and tackle fraudulent letterbox companies. Overall, the intention is to stimulate the thoughts of participants attending the European Platform for Undeclared Work seminar on "How to identify and tackle fraudulent letterbox companies" (Brussels, 30 November 2017).


In this paper,we study some limit properties of the harmonic mean of random transition probability for a second-order nonhomogeneous Markov chain indexed by a tree. As corollary,we obtain the property of the harmonic mean of random transition probability for a nonhomogeneous Markov chain indexed by a tree and a nonhomogeneous Markov chain.


This study was conducted to find out the occurrence of malaria parasite infection among children between 1-15 years of age attending Talba Clinic Suleja Niger State, Nigeria.The samples collected was ninety seven (97)from children including both males and females.Two milliliter of venipuncture bloodsample withdrawn from each of the 97 children was kept undisturbed in an anticoagulant sample container. Thick and thin blood smears for malaria were prepared. Both smear were floaded and viewed to check for the presence of malaria parasite under the bright field using high power objective lens.Malaria parasite were mostly domicile among 11-15 years of age (29.9%) while 1-5 and 6-10 had 5.2% and 13.3% infection respectively. The occurrence of plasmodium infection was significantamong different sex groups in this present study (This suggest that the occurrence of these infection is sex dependent). The species in this community were found to be plasmodium falciparum.Public awareness can be created in order to further sensitize for the use of these interventions meant for children to live a malaria infection free life.


The essentiality of establishing quality examination management information system in enterprises is discussed.The design and implementation of quality examination management information system (QEMIS) based on the object oriented are introduced. More attention is paid to the design layout of system class than the analysis and design of expert class in quality examination management domain. The practical experience is summarized, and the idea of constructing the new data model of MIS with expert class of management domain is proposed.


Abstract Setophaga cerulea (Cerulean Warbler) has been inadequately monitored along the Roanoke River in North Carolina since a breeding population was discovered there in 1972. Our objectives were to estimate the Cerulean Warbler's current population size and distribution along the river, and evaluate landscape habitat characteristics in the Roanoke River Basin among areas used and unused by the same species. In May 2001 and 2011, we surveyed for singing male Cerulean Warblers, primarily by boat, along approximately 160 km of the Roanoke River from Weldon to Williamston in northeast North Carolina. We found Cerulean Warblers in three distinct groups along the Roanoke River during both survey years; however, we detected at least 32.4% fewer males in 2011 (n = 23) than in 2001 (n = 34). The landscape within 500 m of areas used by Cerulean Warblers had significanlty less crop cover, blackwater floodplain (i.e., swamp) forest, and variation in mean canopy height than unused landscapes we surveyed. These same differences existed at distances up to 1 km, but several additional dissimilarities became evident at this scale, including presence of more evergreen plantations and a greater fragmentation of the dominant forested land cover at used versus unused landscapes. We recommend continued monitoring of the Cerulean Warbler along the Roanoke River, increased habitat protection, and encourage an in-depth investigation into management strategies to sustain this population.


This paper introduces a new noise analysis algorithm, which is perfectly suited for linear and nonlinear applications. The adjoint system method is extended to compute the noise correlation matrix of multiport networks with arbitrary topology. The algorithm is easy to implement in general purpose CAD tools because only a nodal formulation of the system equations is needed.


Semi‐microscopic and phenomenological deuterium‐nucleus optical potentials have been involved within the analysis of the elastic scattering of deuterons on 6,7Li for energies up to 50 MeV, of interest for calculations of the D‐Li neutron source term. Energy‐dependent optical potential parameter sets have been obtained. Specific cluster structure effects for d+6Li interaction have been taken into account also by means of the coupled reaction channels method.


Abstract Large conglomerate lenses occur in a fine-grained siliciclastic succession of the Singhbhum craton, eastern India. They overlie an Archaean orthogneiss, from which they are separated by a palaeosol. Neither the conglomerates nor the directly overlying rocks have been dated, but the conglomerate unit is assumed to have also an Archaean age. The conglomerate lenses occur within a succession of pelitic and mafic schists, and the depositional environment of this conglomerate/schist unit had not been clarified thus far. On the basis of a combination of the vertical and horizontal distribution of the conglomerates, their stratigraphic position and analysis of their sedimentological characteristics and the sedimentological context, it is concluded that the succession must have developed in a fluvial lowland environment where volcanic input contributed significantly to the sediment accumulation.


This essay focuses on intersecting meanings of food and femininity, place and time, as an excavation of their 'secret geographies'. Drawing on women's narratives of mundane rituals and practices associated with food shopping, cooking, eating and 'eating out', the article traces moments of looking backwards and of looking forwards towards remembered and imagined landscapes of consumption. In the process, the 'village' of Burnie Street, Clovelly (a beachside suburb in Sydney, Australia) becomes a spatial metaphor for examples of 'local' changes in domestic food cultures and their material structures since the mid-1940s. This image of the village also allows the argument to chart some intriguing shifts in social relations (particularly of gender, class and ethnicity). The article concludes that useful public narratives for tracing geographies of the urban are not necessarily to be found in attempts to rework the past or the present in mythic terms, as either bad times or good. Instead, subtle rewritings of the village vested in everyday belongings hint at more productive analytical directions.


ABSTRACT In the last fifteen years, high schoolers became key actors in the Chilean political landscape, as members of anti-neoliberal and feminist social movements. Although social researchers have paid increasing attention to them, few have analyzed how these young people relate to and make use of history in the context of their political struggles. Combining an ethnographic and a microhistorical approach, this article examines a Chilean public high school and a particular and widespread historical narrative about it. I argue that the different ways in which this narrative was invoked, transmitted and contested in a context of massive student protests – and the pedagogical devices and practices of cooperation and conflict used to do so – allowed the students of this school not only to use history in favor of their political agendas, but to participate in the continual production of a political field in which the borders of their historical community and who could be considered members of it were being disputed. In doing this, the article illuminates some of the complicated interactions between historical consciousness, political action and citizenship in modern societies, as well as illustrates the usefulness of combining an historical and an ethnographic lens to visualize the nuances and tensions existing when human beings make use of history. Further, it sheds light on the concept of historical consciousness itself, illustrating how historians and other social researchers can operationalize it to better comprehend how human beings relate with the past, but also the present and the future.


This paper proposes a hybrid submodule modular multilevel converter (MMC) topology which is suitable for multi terminal direct current (MTDC) transmission systems. Each arm of the proposed MMC topology consists of a half-bridge submodule (HBSM) branch and two parallel full-bridge submodule (FBSM) branches. Comparing with the conventional MTDC transmission system, the proposed topology can selectively block the DC fault current and isolate the corresponding fault line without expensive DC circuit breakers (DCCBs). Thus, the influence range of the DC fault can be reduced and the reliability of the power supply can be improved as well. The corresponding modulation and voltage balancing strategies are developed for the proposed hybrid MMC topology. The feasibility of the proposed topology and control strategy is verified in the MATLAB/ Simulink simulation.


Hadoop has become a worldwide popular open source platform for large data analysis in commercial application and Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) is the core part of it. However, HDFS cannot be used directly for managing raster data, for the geographic location information is involved. In this paper, we describe the implementation of a tile-based scalable raster data management system based on HDFS. While reserving the basic architecture of HDFS, we reorganize the data structure in block, add some additional metadata, design an index data structure in block, keep an overlapping region between adjacent blocks, and offer a compression option for users. Besides, we provide functions for reading the raster data from HDFS in tile stream. These optimizations match the feature of raster data to the architecture of HDFS. MapReduce Applications can be built on the raster data management system.


In the Eye Hospital of the University of Helsinki there has arisen a strong impression that the incidence of congenital anomalies of the lacrimal passages has increased considerably in the course of the last few years. The following is an attempt to assess the actual magnitude of the recent increase. The lacrimal passages develop from an epithelial cord imbedded in the mesenchyme which can be seen as a thickening in the ectoderm a t the naso-optical fissure as early as a t the 7 mm stage of embryonic development (Cassady 1952). A t the 40 mm stage, it starts to become tubular, canalization proceeding downwards from the lower canaliculus. The lacrimal puncta are formed towards the end of foetal life. 73.3 per cent of lacrimal passages are not quite patent at the moment of birth, according to Cassady's histological studies. Usually, the obstruction lies a t the nasal end of the duct. 111 milder cases, the obstruction is formed by a smooth membrane or epithelial debris. In more severe cases the reason may be defective canalization or a bony anomaly, but multiple stenoses may also be found (Faldi and Miani, 1958). More rarely, lacrimal atresia is caused by the fact that the strands of the canaliculi do not reach the posterior lid edges but remain hypoplastic, or reach the lid edges but do not become tubular (Waardenburg, Franceschetti and Klein, 1961). Defective function of the lacrimal passages was noticed by Kendig and Guerry (1950) in six per cent of newborns. Usually the membrane covering the nasal end of the duct ruptures in the course of the first few weeks before the lacrimal gland begins to function, and no clinical symptoms occur. If this does not happen, however, retention of tears occurs, and sooner or later, a mucopurulent dacryocystitis ensues.


Objective: To study microcrystalline cellulose II (MCCII) as new pelletization aid for a high and low solubility drugs such as verapamil. HCl and carbamazepine, respectively. Methods: Approximately, 30 g of MCCII and drug mixtures were hydrated passed through a # 20 mesh sieved and spheronizated at a frequency of 6 Hz and residence time of 480 s. A microscopy analysis was used to evaluate the shape and size descriptors. Pellets properties such as compressibility, friability, density, flowability and product yield were also evaluated. Drug release properties were tested according to the USP specifications and compared to those of MCCI. Results: The wetting level of the excipients depended on drug loading and drug solubility. Thus, a high drug loading (>50%) rendered pellets having a low yield, flowability and caused a detriment on size descriptors. Likewise, the regular morphology and strength of MCCII-based pellets was highly affected by increasing drug loads. Verapamil. HCl pellets were less friable and compressible and showed better flowability than carbamazepine pellets. Regardless of drug loading and drug solubility, MCCII-based pellets released more than 80% of verapamil. HCl within 10 min, whereas released more than 75% of carbamazepine within 15 min. Conversely, MCCI pellets had a satisfactory verapamil. HCl release, but ~30% carbamazepine release within 1h. Conclusion: MCCII proved to be a better excipient than MCCI to yield beads having optimal pellet characteristics and rendered an immediate release profile for verapamil. HCl and carbamazepine.


Our understanding of how interrupting the work of an individual affects group outcomes and the role of communication technologies (CT) in shaping these effects is limited. Drawing upon coordination theory and the literatures on computer-mediated communication and interruptions, this paper develops a multilevel theory of work interruptions. It suggests that interruptions that target individuals can also affect other group members through various ripple effects and a cross-level direct effect. We also discuss how the usage of five CT capabilities during interruption episodes can moderate the impact of interruptions at the individual and group levels. Our theoretical model draws attention to the importance of examining the individual-to-group processes to better understand the impact of interruptions in group environments. Additionally, by accounting for the role of the use of CT capabilities during interruption episodes, our work contributes to both the interruptions literature, which dedicates scant attention to the interrupting media, and to IS research on media use and media effects.


Abstract Although Night Vision Goggles (NVGs) support and enhance visual perception in low-light or dark conditions the optical and electro-optical characteristics of NVGs impact visual perception differently than normal light conditions. Consequently, most published studies investigating the impact of NVG use on human performance have been based on psychophysical and perception research approaches [e.g., Macuda et al. (Proceedings of the Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) 5442:36–44, 2004); Niall et al. (Human Factors 41(3):495–506, 1999)]. However, anecdotal reports have suggested that NVGs affect spatial orientation and way-finding, implying that NVG use also influences human cognitive functions. Few studies have systematically characterized the cognitive nature of using NVGs, particularly on spatial behavior. This paper aims to present an empirical methodology to study NVG use on wayfinding and orientation performance, by introducing a spatial cognition research paradigm. The paradigm is a between subjects design composed of two main phases (1) a learning and practice phase; and (2) tests of acquired spatial knowledge. In the learning and practice phase, participants learn the environment through active navigation and way-finding, searching for targets within a life-sized maze with or without NVGs. In the second phase, knowledge of the environment is tested with two spatial memory tests (a judgment of relative direction and map drawing task). It is proposed that such an approach can be used to study both the perceptual and cognitive aspects of using head mounted vision enhancing devices, particularly for search and way-finding tasks. Furthermore, this approach can be utilized in the comparative and acceptance testing of new vision enhancing technologies. The methodology used in this study can also be utilized in developing and assessing training guidelines and strategies that are more compatible with humans' spatial cognition processes. Some practical implications regarding NVG training and


We propose and experimentally demonstrate an asymmetrically side-coupled Sagnac-loop system on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. Diverse mode-splitting properties are obtained, with various transparency peaks between split resonances and high-order filtering function.


Aims: The study was conducted to determine antimicrobial activity of Temnocalyx obovatus mature root extracts popularly used in folk medicine to treat diarrhoea in chickens, stomach disorders in turkeys, goats and cows, snakebites, asthma, ulcers and whooping cough in humans. Study Design: Agar disk diffusion method and determining MIC.


The article represents the research results of the youth at the age of 18-20, which reveal their plans for life, values and orientations.


The magnetic storm of January 3 occurred when only small sunspots were present on the Sun.

The very great magnetic storm of February 7 began when the immense sunspot-group, Mount Wilson No. 7943, the largest ever recorded (see Pub. Astr. Soc. Pacific, 58, 86–88 and 168, 1946), was 2.0 days past the central meridian, its minimum distance from the center of the solar disk having been 34°. The group consisted of two large spots, each with multiple umbrae, accompanied by several much smaller spots. The over-all length was 192,000 miles. The area, which changed little during the passage of the group across the Sun, was approximately 5400-millionths of the Sun's visible hemisphere. As seen projected on the Sun's image, the group covered almost one per cent of the solar disk. The magnetic polarities of the group were normal, but with some complications in the following spot. The umbrae of the preceding spot all had S (negative) polarity; those of the following spot (the largest single spot on record), N (positive) polarity, with the exception of the preceding umbrae and of a small umbra near the following edge. On February 6, brilliant solar flares of intensity 3 were photographed throughout the group from 16h 28m to 18h 38m, GCT. A flare of intensity 3 was observed on February 11 from 00h 00m to 00h 35m.


The purpose of the current study was to prevent bloodstream infection and invasive fungal infection (IFI) by administering prophylactic antibiotic and antifungal agents during intensive chemotherapy in patients being treated for acute leukemia.


An analysis of Muskingum diffusion model, in which routing parameters are calculated based on channel and grid characteristics, is carried out. Numerical experiments are performed to throw additional light onto the criterion setting an upper limit to the space step if accuracy is to be preserved. Computational experience indicates that for very large values of the space step, there is a tendency for physically unrealistic negative outflows to occur. The results of the numerical experiments point to the condition C\d2 m \N ζ\N if accuracy is to be preserved, in which C\d2 is one of the routing coefficients and ζ\N is a real number. A value of ζ\N = 0.33 is recommended for practical applications. The spatial resolution criterion is expressed in terms of Courant and cell Reynolds numbers.


In this chapter classical, jazz, and traditional musicians from Cape Town to Helsinki to Los Angeles express how psychological factors can lead to major hurdles in being creative. Two main psychological inhibitors are anxiety and self-perception of lacking potential, which impact motivation at four levels. Multiple sociocultural factors can influence an individual's anxiety level, self-image, and motivation. The chapter analyzes how these psychological enablers and inhibitors of creativity are shaped by (1) different cultures' beliefs about talent and potential; (2) identification and relationships with role models, mentors, and peers; (3) formal assessment by authority figures, informal feedback from peers, and self-judgment; and (4) values and attitudes related to perfectionism, making mistakes, and originality.


In this communication, we report the results of the studies on structural and electrical properties of cost effective sol-gel grown nanostructured GdMnO3 manganites. Samples were sintered at different temperatures. Structural phases have been analyzed by performing the X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements while crystallite size has been calculated using Scherer's formula. AC conductivity (σAC) has been measured for all the samples and fitted theoretically by using power law equation. Variation in σAC has been understood on the basis of crystallite boundaries and oxygen ordering in all the samples. Nature of conduction in the samples has been discussed in the light of correlated barrier hopping mechanism.


Single-input and single-output (SISO) controlled autoregressive moving average system by using a scalar factor input-output data is considered. Through data scaling, a simple identification technique is obtained. Using input-output scaling factors a data Recursive Least Squares (RLS) method for estimating the parameters of a linear model and contemporary sinusoidal disturbance detection is deduced. For estimating parameters of a model in nano range a very high frequency input signal with a very small sampling rate is needed. The main contribution of this work consists of the use of a scaled Recursive Least Square with a forgetting factor. Using this proposed technique, a low input signal frequency and a wider sampling rate can be used to identify the parameters. In the meantime, the scaling technique reduces the effect of the external disturbance so that RLS can be applied to identify the disturbance without considering a model of it. The proposed technique is quite general and can be applied to any kind of linear systems. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm is effective.


This paper presents the modeling and control of a three-phase grid connected PV system. A new robust control has been proposed and utilized to connect the PV system with the utility grid. For the extraction of maximum power from the PV system, the Fuzzy Logic control is used due to its robustness and fast tracking response. And for the grid side control, a new robust control strategy based on the Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (ADRC) have been proposed, where the objective is to regulate the DC bus voltage as well as to control the injection of active and reactive powers into the grid.In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed control, a series of simulations have been made under the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.


We fit the HiRes ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) spectrum measurements with broken power laws in order to identify features. These fits find the previously observed feature known as the Ankle at 10**18.5 eV, as well as evidence for a suppression at higher energies, above 10**19.8 eV. We use the integral spectrum and the E_1/2 test to identify this high energy suppression with the GZK suppression. Finally, we use a model of uniformly distributed extragalactic proton sources together with a phenomenological model of the galactic cosmic ray spectrum to compare the HiRes spectra to what should be expected from the GZK suppression, and to measure how the extragalactic sources must evolve and what the input spectral slope must be to fit the HiRes data. Fits using updated spectra will be presented in Pune.


The spring element method(SEM) is a numerical method that uses a spring system to describe an element.Different elements can be described as different spring systems;and the definition of the spring stiffness expressions in the systems is the key point of the spring element method.The four-node rectangular element is described by 6 basic springs,each of which contains two derived springs: normal spring and tangential spring.Poisson spring and pure shear spring are used to describe Poisson and shear effects of the element.Thus a four-node rectangular spring element is presented.Compared with the element stiffness matrix of finite element method,the stiffness expression of each spring is obtained.Springs of the same kind have the same expressions.The stiffness expressions of the normal and tangential springs have corresponding coefficients to be decided.By varying the coefficients in the stiffness expressions of springs,expressions of constant strain,bilinear or Wilson incompatible finite element are achieved by this element.The accuracy of the SEM is verified by theoretical derivation;and this method is applied to the continuum-based discrete element method(CDEM) for case verification.The features of the four-node rectangular spring element are as follows.Different accuracies can be found in different elements.This element can significantly improve the accuracy of the bending problem of beam.Elements with different accuracies can be achieved by using different coefficients.


Among the regions in which surveys of galaxies have been made in the course of a census of the inner Metagalaxy is the important North Galactic Polar Cap, covering the 2760 square degrees from ( = +60° to ,B = +900. The distribution in this area, heretofore unpublished, is now summarized for galaxies brighter than photographic magnitude 17.5. The deeper surveys, now in progress with Schmidt cameras, should soon provide sampling counts to at least the nineteenth magnitude. 1. The galaxy counts summarized itn table 1 were made on plates of two series, all of three-hour exposures. The 57 A plates, made with the Bruce telescope in South Africa, show stars to magnitude 18.2 on the average; the star limit for the 69 MC plates, made at the Oak Ridge Station with the Metcalf doublet, averages 17.9. In declination the Polar Cap extends from -2° to +580. North of declination +220 the MC instrument was used and the area south of +220 (about 40 per cent of the Polar Cap), except for MC 33360 at +19°4, was covered with the southern telescope. Earlier investigations with these instruments show that the galaxy "completeness" limit m. is 0.4 mag. brighter than the star limit m, for the A plates,1 and 0.57 mag. brighter forMC plates.2 The difference m, m. varies from plate to plate because of slightly varying conditions in seeing and focus. The survey therefore lacks uniformity because of this spread and also because of the residual uncertainties in the magnitude sequences which are based as usual on the Seares and van Rhijn star-count tables. 2. In order to obtain a uniform picture of the density distribution of galaxies to magnitude 17.5, it has been necessary to reduce the galaxy counts on each plate by the application of the factor f = 100.6(18.07 ms)


After the Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936, Ernest Hemingway traveled to the front lines as a reporter with the intention to write "anti-war war correspondence" to keep the United States out of future European conflicts. A year into the war, the author was publicly calling for support for the beleaguered Spanish Republic. This essay tracks Hemingway's development from isolationist to a voice for the cause of Spanish democracy, a process that informs his most nuanced work on the Spanish Civil War, the 1940 novel For Whom the Bell Tolls.


We propose a new approach for stereo vision. In human vision one percept can arise from two retinal images as a result of the process called "fusion". We try to create a virtual image from two images of stereo cameras. Optical axes of the cameras intersect on an attention point locating on the surface of an object. By Affine transformation of the respective images, the two images are transformed to a virtual image that is seen from the middle point between two cameras. By superimposing two transformed pictures, one fusion picture of virtual image is reduced. Excepting for around the attention point, two transformed pictures do not coincide with each other. Finding correspondence between two pictures, we can determine Sdimentional depth information.


Objective
To investigate the effects of anti-CD24 antibody on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced acute liver injury in mice and to analyze the possible molecular mechanism.

Methods
A mouse model of acute liver injury was established by injecting wild-type (WT) mice with ConA alone (as control group) or in combination with (as experimental group) anti-CD24 antibody. Liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE staining) for histological examination. Levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) in serum samples were measured. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to detect different macrophages subsets in mice liver tissues. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secreted by M1 macrophages was detected by intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry analysis.

Results
Hepatomegaly was observed in mice from the experimental group. Massive liver hemorrhage, spotty necrosis and inflammatory infiltration were observed in liver tissues of mice co-injected with ConA and anti-CD24 antibody. The levels of ALT in serum samples collected from the mice of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.001). Results of the flow cytometry analysis showed that the percentages of M1 Kupffer cells (KC) increased significantly in mice from the experimental group (P<0.01), while no significant changes were observed in the percentages of M2 KC. Moreover, treating mice with anti-CD24 antibody significantly enhanced the secretion of TNF-α by KC as indicated by flow cytometry analysis (P<0.001).

Conclusion
This study suggests that anti-CD24 antibody could exacerbate the ConA-induced acute liver injury in mice, which might relate to the enhanced secretion of TNF-α by M1 KC. The underlying mechanisms are under investigation.

Key words:
CD24; Concanavalin A; Acute liver injury; Kupffer cell (KC); TNF-α


I have studied the nature of chemosensory interactions in situations relevant to aquatic ecosystems by incorporating a model of chemokinesis by laboratory bacteria into a Monte Carlo simulation of bacterial movement around leaky microalgae. I assumed that the concentration field of the substrate around an alga is determined by molecular diffusion. Results of simulations and various theoretical arguments imply that there is a smallest organism size with a radius >2 pm which bacteria can find using chemosensory responses. Bacteria most easily find algae that are large and have a high specific leakage rate. Because its feeding also involves chemosensing of food items, a copepod's observed inability to feed on small algae may also be the result of its inability to sense this potential food. The lack of sensory mechanisms to detect small organisms at a distance implies that the sensing of small organisms must, by default, involve physical contact. This inference agrees with filtration mechanisms noted for microzooplankton feeding.


Firms whose credit ratings are equal to or above the sovereign rating of their country of domicile (bound firms) are more likely to be downgraded than other firms. This sovereign ceiling rule creates exogenous variations on the credit ratings of bound firms. We find that bound firms reduce discretionary accruals after sovereign downgrades, and are likely to experience a reversal of earnings subsequent to the accrual reduction. Bound firms are also more likely to manage earnings up upon a subsequent sovereign upgrade. Further, the reduction in discretionary accruals is more significant in countries with higher disclosure requirements or stronger shareholder protection, consistent with the notion that firms facing restraints of opportunistic disclosure behaviors are more likely to take advantage of peculiar negative shocks to conduct abnormal write-offs. Finally, we find that bound firms increase the impairments of intangible assets after sovereign downgrades. Overall, this study provides evidence that managers may strategically employ big bath accounting in response to negative economic shocks.


The contribution refers to the current trend in the TV news production of the two Slovak commercial TV stations, which becomes the dominant image text in. Problematic is not only the quantity of visuals components in news spots, but also their frequency with consequent of receptionist resignation on information complexity.


The compliant wrist combining passive compliants and sensor has been developed in GRASP laboratory. The device provides the robot system the necessary flexibility which accommodates transitions as the robot makes contact with the environment, corrects positioning error in automatic assembly, avoids high impact forces and protects the surface from damage. The device also supplies the displacement sensing of the passive compliance so that active feedback control is possible. This report is intended to serve as a reference material to introduce the control software of the robot compliant wrist system developed and implemented in the lab. The detail discussion on system performance and parameters selection can be found in the thesis [3]. The rest of material is organized as follows. Section 2 introduces the compliance control methods of robot manipulators. The historic development of both passive and active compliance method is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods are investigated. Based on the unsolved problems in this issue, the six-degree freedom compliant wrist is developed, and the design feature is presented. Section 3 discusses the hybrid position/force control scheme using the sensing information from the device. The positioning error due to load or external force when robot moves in free space is compensated for, so that the effective stiffness is increased. In force control when robot is constrained by environment, the trajectory is modified by sensed force, so that the effective stiffness is decreased. Section 4 deals with the implementation of the control scheme. Various programs have been developed to perform the hybrid control operations, such as hybrid control demonstration, surface tracking, edge tracking, insertion and pulling out, and writing operation. The programs have been successfully implemented in the experiments. Definition and selection of the parameters in the programs are discussed. Section 5. is the source code of control scheme which has been implemented in PUMA 560 with index machine in GRASP Laboratory. The control is executed on a MicroVax I1 using the RCI primitives of RCCL. Comments University of Pennsylvania Department of Computer and Information Science Technical Report No. MSCIS-89-66. This technical report is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/cis_reports/564 Control Software Of Robot Compliant Wrist System MS-CIS-89-66 GRASP LAB 192


A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Humanities in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music (MMus in Composition), 2017


Nowadays the problem of fake news in social media is dramatically increasing, especially when it refers to fake news about Covid-19, as it is a recent and global problem. Because of this fact, it is important to have the ability to detect and delete such news immediately. In our research we concentrate our efforts on detecting fake news about Coronavirus on small datasets, using the Constraint-2021 corpus: the full dataset (10,700 messages) and the limited dataset (1,000 messages). We compare classical Machine Learning Algorithms (4 algorithms: Logistic Regression, Support Vectors Machine, Gradient Boosting, Random Forest) - algorithms of classification from the Scikit-learn library, GMDH-Shell tool (2 algorithms: Combi and Neuro), and Deep Neural Network (LSTM model). The results show that GMDH algorithms outperform traditional Machine Learning Algorithms and are comparable with Neural Networks model's results on the limited dataset.


This paper presents the experiences of student project teams as they embark on the process of enhancing an existing software system. Prior to this, a system has already been delivered to the client, a local ambulance organization. Two teams are assigned to work independently of each other on this project. The teams follow an agile driven model approach to design and development. This reactive approach is not perfectly suited to use in the academic environment and the problems encountered by the teams are discussed. The collaboration needed within each team during the lifecycle phases is described. Problems seen during the project are examined.


LCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan) is the firstinclass agent of dual angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors for the management of heart failure (HF).1 Initially, it was hypothesized that neprilysin inhibition could lead to beneficial effects on HF, as this zincdependent metalloprotease degrades natriuretic peptides. However, the use of neprilysin inhibitors failed to consistently improve HFrelated hard end points in clinical studies, probably because of the loss of neprilysininduced degradation of angiotensin II (as well as endothelin, vasopressin, and bradykinin). Further scientific efforts focused on the dual inhibition of neprilysin and angiotensinconverting enzyme, but they were prematurely interrupted because of the increased risk of lifethreatening angioedema. Finally, in the PARADIGMHF (Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure) trial,2 it was found that the use of an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor led to a statistically significant reduction in cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF (relative risk, 0.80) and allcause mortality (relative risk, 0.84) among participants with HF with reduced ejection fraction, compared with enalapril. Currently, LCZ696 is recommended in the treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction in combination with other pharmacological agents and devices.3,4


Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of Maniuzhisou Granule in the treatment of cough after infection. Methods: 200 cases of infectious cough patients used the randomized single blind method were divided into two groups. 100 cases of study group were treated by Maniuzhisou Granule. 100 cases in the control group were treated by compound glycyrrhiza oral solution for 7d. There were some indices compared 2 groups before and after treatment including the signs and symptoms improvments,the cough effect on quality of life,the routine laboratory indices changes and then,these indices were compared such as the curative effects and the adverse reactions. Results: Compared with 2 groups,before the treatment,the frequency of cough and degree and the sputum itching symptom score had no significant differences.After the treatment sputum itching symptom score of study group was lower than that of the control group(P 0.05). The total efficiency of study group was better than that of the control group(P 0.05). The treatment effect of study group was better than that of the control group after treatment. The LCQ score of the study group was significantly larger than that of the control group. The cough sensitivity threshold(C5) of the study group was higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: Maniuzhisou Granule can repair the respiratory epithelial cell injury induced by infection. Also,It can reduce airway inflammation,reactivity and relieve symptoms. It is an effective drug in treating cough after infection.


Glucoamylases are important enzymes that allow the hydrolysis of starch and related polymers to glucose. They can be obtained from microbial as well as other sources. Studies were conducted with two fungal isolates, Aspergillus niger MENA1E and Rhizopus MENACO11A obtained locally from infected plant materials to assess their potential in producing glucoamylase. The organisms were grown on four substrates: wheat bran, rice bran, groundnut pod and maize bran. Glucoamylase was produced by both organisms on all four substrates. The highest glucoamylase activities of 2.0 U and 1.99 U respectively for Aspergillus niger MENA1E and Rhizopus MENACO11A were recorded after 48 hours on wheat bran. Significant activities of the enzyme were also produced on the other wastes studied in this report.


With the increasing use of ionizing radiations in diagnosis and therapy, one may predict that more and more human embryos and fetuses will be exposed to x-radiation. It is important, therefore, that data be accumulated relative to the radiosensitivities of specific organ primordia. I t is apparent that the developmental stage at which x-irradiation is applied is more important than the intensity of the x-irradiation (Russell, '50 ; Wilson, '51 ; Hicks, ' 5 3 ) . 'This project was initiated to determine the effect on skeletal development of a single x-ray exposure at the high but subacute level of 300 r to the mouse fetus at 154 days of gestation. At this stage of development the primary centers of ossification of the bones of the mouse fetus are evident. Any radiation effects would therefore be on the process of growth rather than on initial differentiation. There are many papers dealing with the effects of x-irradiation of the embryo (Russell, '50; Wilson, '51; Wilson et al., '53). Recently, Hicks ( '53) described the effects of x-irradia-


The essence of language is human activity-activity on the part of one individual to make himself understood by another, and activity on the part of that other to understand what was in the mind of the first. These two individuals, the producer and the recipient of language, or as we may more conveniently call them, the speaker and the hearer, and their relations to one another, should never be lost sight of if we want to understand the nature of language and of that part of language which is dealt with in grammar. But in former times this was often overlooked, and words and forms'were often treated as if they were things or natural objects with an existence of their own--a conception which may have been to a great extent fostered through a too exclusive preoccupation with written or printed words, but which is fundamentally false, as will easily be seen with a little reflexion. (p. 17)


BACKGROUND
The exact prevalence of feeding problems in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is unknown. Pediatric Feeding Disorder (PFD) encompasses poor oral intake with associated medical, nutrition, psychosocial, or feeding skill dysfunction. We hypothesized that PFD is common in CF and aimed to categorize feeding dysfunction across various domains in children with CF.

METHODS
An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in children with CF. Data collected included anthropometrics, nutrition data (including need for tube feeding/enteral nutrition [EN] or high-energy beverages, dietary diversity), feeding skills (Pediatric version of the Eating Assessment tool [pEAT]), and psychosocial function (About Your Child Eating questionnaire [AYCE] in children 2-17 years of age/Behavioral Pediatric Feeding Assessment Scale [BPFAS] in children 12-23 months of age). PFD was defined as poor oral intake with: (a) pEAT score > 5; and/or (b) AYCE or BPFAS score > 2 SD of normative controls; and/or (c) nutrition dysfunction (BMI/weight-for-length z score < -1 and/or preference of oral high energy beverageszor dependence on EN and/or decreased dietary diversity).

RESULTS
Of 103 children in the study, 62 (60.1%) had PFD, 7 children (6.8%) were malnourished, 10 needed EN (9.7%) and 30 (29.1%) needed oral high-energy beverages. Dietary diversity was decreased in 42 children (41.5%), 1 child had feeding skill dysfunction, and 11 (10.8%) met criteria for psychosocial dysfunction.

CONCLUSION
Almost 2/3 rd of children with CF have PFD and many have poor dietary diversity. A significant percentage of children rely on enteral nutrition and oral supplements, but psychosocial dysfunction is less prevalent.


Review of The Alienation of Modern Man by Fritz Pappenheim.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


This paper mainly focuses on pass logic based design, which gives an low Energy Per Instruction (EPI) and high throughput COrdinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) cell for application of robotic exploration. The basic components of CORDIC cell namely register, multiplexer and proposed adder is designed using pass transistor logic (PTL) design. The proposed adder is implemented in bit.parallel iterative CORDIC circuit whereas designed using DSCH2 VLSI CAD tool and their layouts are generated by Microwind 3 VLSI CAD tool. The propagation delay, area and power dissipation are calculated from the simulated results for proposed adder based CORDIC cell. The EPI, throughput and effect of temperature are calculated from generated layout. The output parameter of generated layout is analysed using BSIM4 advanced analyzer. The simulated result of the proposed adder based CORDIC circuit is compared with other adder based CORDIC circuits. From the analysis of these simulated results, it was found that the proposed adder based CORDIC circuit dissipates low power, gives faster response, low EPI and high throughput.


To satisfy the need of study on the seeker gyro which is widely used in infrared seeker,proceeding from electro magnetic effect in the seeker gyro,a method of modeling is proposed and the study emphasis is on the spin coils and precession coils.The real-time simulation of the seeker's working process was carried out based on this model.The law of zero drift of gyro rotor and the effect of spin magnetic field coupling on precession tracking performance were illustrated by simulation results,which were consistent with those achieved in actual measurement of seeker gyro.The feasibility of the modeling method was vali dated by the simulation.


Hyperbolic metamaterials can manipulate electromagnetic waves by converting evanescent waves into propagating waves and thus support light propagation without diffraction limit. In this paper, deep subwavelength focusing (or power concentration) is demonstrated both numerically and experimentally using hyperbolic metamaterials. The results verify that hyperbolic metamaterials can focus a broad collimated beam to spot size of ~λ0/6 using wired medium design for both normal and oblique incidence. The nonmagnetic design, no-cut-off operation, and preferred direction of propagation in these materials significantly reduce the attenuation in electromagnetic waves.


Long-living persons of our country are people who lived past 90 years of age. Their childhood, adolescence and youth passed during the years of the Second World War and the period of the country's reconstruction after it. The main task in providing qualified dental orthopedic care to patients of this age group should be ensuring an acceptable quality of life associated with dental health through making dental prosthetic structures that meet high functional and aesthetic requirements.
The need for a deep comprehensive study of dental orthopedic morbidity, methods of dental orthopedic rehabilitation and improving the life quality of patients belonging to this age group determined the relevance and purpose of this study.
Research material and methods. The object of the study was long-living persons, aged 90 years old and older, who sought dental orthopedic care in municipal healthcare institutions of Cheboksary, the Chuvash Republic. The sample size was 111 people.
Results. It was found that the maximum number of patients in the age group of 90 years and older – 64 people (57.7%) – had completely absent teeth. The analysis of dentition defects by Kennedy classification showed that the maximum number of patients – 19 persons (17.1%) – had bounded edentuous spaces in the lateral parts of their dentition, a smaller number – 16 persons (14.4%) – had unilateral free-end saddle, 10 persons (9.0%) had bilateral free-end saddle and the minimum number of patients – 2 persons (1.8%) – had defects in the anterior part of the dentition. The analysis of dental prosthetic structures mounted in patients of "Centenarians" age showed that the volume of pin structures was 28.4%; artificial crowns – 36.0%; bridge prostheses – 11.6%; removable plate prostheses in partial loss of teeth – 8.0%; clasp prostheses – 2.5%; removable plate prostheses in complete loss of teeth – 13.5%.
Conclusions. Patients-long-living persons made up the smallest group. The study of their dental orthopedic morbidity showed that completely absent dentition was most often diagnosed. It was in this age group of patients that the duration of dentition defects increased, according to Kennedy classification, which required more frequent use of removable orthopedic structures as dental orthopedic rehabilitation.


Two menopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer and osteolytic bone metastases were treated with diethylstilbestrol in oral doses. In one patient, hypercalcemia developed within 48 hours of treatment with a total dose of 10.0 mg of diethylstilbestrol, and in the second patient hypercalcemia developed within 24 hours of therapy with a single 5.0-mg oral dose.


With the increase in the number of traction substations year by year, manual inspections are gradually being replaced by unattended inspections. Target detection algorithms based on deep learning are more widely used in intelligent inspections of power equipment. However, in practical applications, it is found that due to the small target to be detected, the accuracy of the deep learning model will decrease when the shooting angle is inclined and the light conditions are poor. This is because the algorithm's robustness is low, and the detection ability of the model will be seriously affected when the angle or illumination difference with the sample is large. Based on this, the feature fusion part of the YOLOv3 algorithm and the selection of the loss function and the size of the anchor frame are improved, and the improved ASFF fusion method is used to classify various images in the power equipment. Actual measurement and repeated experiments show that the proposed method can be effectively applied to image recognition of various power equipment, optimize robustness, and greatly improve the image recognition efficiency of power equipment.


The utility model relates to a car each other supplies electric starting device contains the socket, plug, hand switch and connecting cable, be provided with anodal jack conductor on the socket, negative pole jack conductor, auxiliary switch jack conductor, be provided with anodal conductor on the plug, negative pole conductor, auxiliary switch conductor, the plug is in can insert?the?plug, connecting cable and connector assembly, hand switch sets up in the driver's cabin of car, can control the switch -on and the disconnection that each other supply the electric starting device circuit. The utility model discloses a two cars are connected to the connecting cable, just can supply power each other, make a broken -down car normal?boot, easy operation, and convenient to use need not the professional, need not professional training, saves time and the money of waiting for the rescue.


Any device that can transform one kind of energy into another is referred to as a transducer. An electrical transducer simply transfers a quantity to an electrical form in this way. The use of Industrial Tools results in the creation of a Transducer Product. Transducers are available from a variety of Suppliers and Companies, as well as manufacturers and distributors, and there are many Transducers for Sale on Linquip.


Objective To detect the alteration of left ventricular long-axis systolic function in patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Methods Using tissue Doppler imaging, the mitral annular systolic peak velocity (S_M), the displacement (D_S) and the pre-contraction time (PCT_M) were measured in 30 healthy volunteers (Group Ⅰ), 32 patients with abnormal relaxation (Group Ⅱ) and 28 patients with pseudonormal filling (Group Ⅲ). Results S_M and D_S in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly lower than in group Ⅰ (P 0.01) . There were significant step-down changes from group Ⅰ to Ⅲ. No significant differences existed in PCT_M among the four groups (P0.05). The incidence of long axis systolic dysfunction in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was 35.3% and 67.2% (P0.01), respectively. Conclusions The left ventricular systolic long-axis dysfunction existed in patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and it deteriorated as the severity of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction progressed. Assessing left ventricular long-axis systolic function using tissue Doppler imaging is of important value in the comprehensive evaluation of cardiac function.


The invention is, with no radiation leakage concerns to the outside, in the distributed injection of the radiopharmaceutical of the use amount necessary inside the syringe and perform radiation dose measurement of the radiopharmaceutical distribution injected into the syringe continuously, removing the need for the operator as the radiation dose is lowered for the syringe to radiation exposure times and exposure amount so as to lower the radiopharmaceutical dose installed in the radiopharmaceutical dispensing apparatus to dispense as much as the amount used need from the vial to keep the radiopharmaceutical into a syringe to lower the measuring device when measuring, the moved position of the injection port of the bottle dispensing the syringe from the radiopharmaceutical dispensing apparatus provides a radiopharmaceutical distribution and the radiation dose measuring system in which a radiation dose measurement not affected by the radiopharmaceuticals remaining in the vial.


A reference voltage circuit is provided in which a difference of voltages applied to reference voltage circuits is reduced so that a difference of respective output voltages is made small. Depletion type MOS transistors (3, 6) are respectively connected in series with the drains of depletion type MOS transistors (1, 4) in two ED type reference voltage circuits. The gate of one of the series-connected depletion type MOS transistors (3, 6) is connected with the source of the other MOS transistor and the gate of the other MOS transistor is connected with the source of the one MOS transistor. Thus, a difference of voltages applied to the respective ED type reference voltage circuits is reduced so that a difference of respective output voltages is made small.


The smart city has a lot of dimensions. Part of dimension is the using IoT using. Home-based enterprises (HBEs) in developed countries widely use the ICT for their business. However, based on the current literature perspective it does not occur in developing countries. This study explores the application and use of internet to the HBEs in Indonesia with case studies in Semarang, Salatiga, Boyolali, Surakarta and Surabaya home industries. The study mainly used the qualitative approach, but it uses both qualitative and quantitative data. The study findings that the ICT have been a part of the HBEs. In HBEs, the internet is useful, for searching information, contact to buyers/customers and also for marketing purposes.


Abstract : The high-temperature compressive yield stress and room temperature flexural strength of polycrystalline TiC have been studied. Grain boundaries are not impenetrable barriers to slip propagation at high temperatures. Creep of single crystals at high temperatures was measured; creep appears to be controlled by intrinsic lattice resistance to dislocation motion. Electron microscopy studies of localized plastic flow produced by diamond indenters at room temperature revealed slip lines. A theoretical discussion has been made of the apparently anomalous thermal conductivity of the carbides. Motion of carbon in TiC under the influence of a thermal gradient and an electric current was observed. To study the type of bonding in TiC, the Seebeck coefficient, optical reflectivity, and photoemission have been measured. (Author)


This thesis is in the context of self-localization and 3D mapping from RGB-D cameras for mobile robots and autonomous systems. We present image alignment and mapping techniques to perform the camera localization (tracking) notably for large camera motions or low frame rate. Possible domains of application are localization of autonomous vehicles, 3D reconstruction of environments, security or in virtual and augmented reality. We propose a consistent localization and 3D dense mapping framework considering as input a sequence of RGB-D images acquired from a mobile platform. The core of this framework explores and extends the domain of applicability of direct/dense appearance-based image registration methods. With regard to feature-based techniques, direct/dense image registration (or image alignment) techniques are more accurate and allow us a more consistent dense representation of the scene. However, these techniques have a smaller domain of convergence and rely on the assumption that the camera motion is small.In the first part of the thesis, we propose two formulations to relax this assumption. Firstly, we describe a fast pose estimation strategy to compute a rough estimate of large motions, based on the normal vectors of the scene surfaces and on the geometric properties between the RGB-D images. This rough estimation can be used as initialization to direct registration methods for refinement. Secondly, we propose a direct RGB-D camera tracking method that exploits adaptively the photometric and geometric error properties to improve the convergence of the image alignment.In the second part of the thesis, we propose techniques of regularization and fusion to create compact and accurate representations of large scale environments. The regularization is performed from a segmentation of spherical frames in piecewise patches using simultaneously the photometric and geometric information to improve the accuracy and the consistency of the scene 3D reconstruction. This segmentation is also adapted to tackle the non-uniform resolution of panoramic images. Finally, the regularized frames are combined to build a compact keyframe-based map composed of spherical RGB-D panoramas optimally distributed in the environment. These representations are helpful for autonomous navigation and guiding tasks as they allow us an access in constant time with a limited storage which does not depend on the size of the environment.


Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are a general definition that includes colds, laryngitis, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, acute rhinitis, acute rhinosinusitis, and acute otitis media.[1] URTI is the most common acute diagnosis in primary care.[2] Approximately 25 million people with uncomplicated URTIs in the USA apply to family physicians every year.[3] URTI is the leading cause of missed days at work or school.[4] Twenty million days off work and 22 million days absent from school are attributable to URTIs each year, and its annual cost was 40 billion dollars in total.[5,6]


Laboratory and immunological study of male workers in the production of vinyl chloride was conducted. It has established that more pronounced stress of compensatory-adaptive reactions is observed in patients with incipient neurointoxication ("at risk") in comparison to group of 'healthy". With increasing radiation exposure to vinyl chloride, duration (length of) exposure, as well as increasing the concentration of chloride in the blood, showed worsening of changes in the immune system of workers. Installed elevated levels of autoantibodies: the S-100, B-head. Ca-channel and the DNA appear to be indicative of early changes in certain structures of the nervous system. Some of the earliest and most sensitive indicators of the formation of body resistance to unfavorable working environment are: IgM, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, autoantibodies to S-100, autoantibodies to the В-head. Ca-channel, autoantibodies to DNA.


Abstract This article considers the legal institution of mahr in Islamic family law from three research perspectives in order to provide insights into the phenomenon's complexity, particularly with regard to current legal practices. In particular, emphasis is placed both on countries where family law is shaped by Islamic traditions (e.g., Morocco) and on countries whose legal traditions do not have a mahr counterpart (e.g., Germany). First, the social and economic function of dower will be described. As a special form of property transfer, mahr will be analyzed in its historical and present shape in theory and practice. Second, the legal conceptualization of mahr in the German legal context will be discussed. The example of Morocco serves to illustrate the changes with regard to mahr because of the process of incorporation of Islamic legal concepts into a national statutory law system. Given the Muslim diaspora, these insights are important contributions to the legal intepretation of mahr in a transnational context.


High velocity oxy-fuel sprayed WC-12Co and NiCrBSi composite coatings were irradiated by kaleidoscope installed YAG laser.The laser power and the scanning velocity employed from 2kW to 4kW and 10mm/s,respectively.Scanning electron microscope was used to examine the composite coatings.In order to optimum technology parameter,the laser power effect on hardness and wear resistance of the carbide composite coatings were investigated.The results show that there is metallurgical combination interface between composite coatings and substrate.The highest microhardness and density of composite coatings are also enhanced when the laser output power increases.The wear-out rate of irradiated spray coating is lower than that of the HVOF spray coating.


The Mesopotamian invention of suspended narratives in mineral pigment and glaze produced in the fifteen thousand year old 'new technology' of the ceramic tile sets the scene for my talk for EVA 2010 (and this published paper which is intended to act as a prologue to that talk). It was this invention, a mass-produced media technology with the limit of a prototype glass screen that allowed commentators to distinguish between the repetitious, the mimetic and the bespoke for the first time.


Dear Editor, Task-specific dystonia (TSD) is a form of primary focal dystonia triggered by selective motor activities that usually involve highly skilled and repetitive actions.1 Writer's cramp and musician's dystonia are the most common forms of TSD, and various types of TSD associated with patient occupations have been reported. Several occupations have disappeared over time and are no longer present in the modern era. Here, we report a patient with proximal arm dystonia triggered by using a hammer associated with his unique and traditional occupation, a blacksmith. A 60-year-old right-handed male blacksmith presented with a 3-year history of unintentional clonic extension of his right arm when flexing his elbow to swing a hammer. He had been working traditionally as a blacksmith for 30 years. He molded iron by striking heated metal with a 3.3-pound hammer for at least 3–4 hours a day, producing sickles, hoes, or kitchen knives. Early in the disease course, clonic arm spasm was triggered only when he used the hammer. However, over the ensuing year, symptoms progressively spread to other daily activities requiring elbow flexion, such as tooth brushing or writing (Supplementary Video 1, segment 2 in the online-only Data Supplement). His family and medical histories were noncontributory. A neurological examination did not reveal any abnormalities. When he tried to flex his elbow, 3–4 Hz abrupt flexion–extension movements of the elbow joint and simultaneous contractions of the proximal arm muscles were observed (Supplementary Video 1, segment 1 in the online-only Data Supplement); the null point was detected at full extension. A sensory trick ameliorated his symptoms wherein he would touch his wrist with his left hand (Supplementary Video 1, segment 3 in the online-only Data Supplement). No other involuntary movements were observed in other body parts. Brain and cervical spine MRI scans were normal, as were blood tests including ceruloplasmin, copper, and thyroid hormone levels. Needle electromyography revealed 4–6 Hz polyspikes with co-contraction of the triceps brachii and biceps brachii during elbow flexion (Figure 1). No abnormal activities were detected when the elbow was extended. He was diagnosed with focal TSD of the right arm and was treated with botulinum toxin A injection (100 units for the triceps brachii). Several weeks later, he had improved markedly (Supplementary Video 1, segment 4 in the online-only Data Supplement). We report a case of unique occupational TSD. As blacksmith is an uncommon occupation in the modern era, this type of dystonia is rarely reported. We found the only mention of "smiths' cramp" (in the era prior to establishment of the concept of dystonia) in a renowned textbook published in 1888, A Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System, by Gowers.2 He described a case of smith's cramp, which was very similar to our case, as follows: "...a metal-chaser, who worked with a four-pound hammer, found that, after using it for about an hour, clonic spasm came on in the biceps, and interfered with his work." Our case is interesting for its rediscovery of smith's dystonia described 130 years ago, which has not been reported with concurrent patient video and electromyography findings. Both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be important risk factors for TSD. As up to 25% of TSD patients had an affected family member, genetic factors affecting susceptibility to TSD were suspected, but specific causative mutations have not been identified.3 Environmental factors are diverse and het-


Prescription drug abuse is a serious public health problem. Physicians and other health professionals with prescribing privileges are entrusted with the authority to use medications in the treatmen...


The article analyzes indicators of higher education in the European Union: the number of higher education institutions; the number of university students; changes in the number of faculty members, age structure; higher education expenses; cost of training one student. A similar study was conducted by the author in 2006. The article provides a comparative analysis of indicators for 2001-2016. The analysis uses data from EUROSTAT which were interpreted at the cross-country level.


A rigid-ion model is used to calculate the force constants and effective dynamical charges of sulphide and selenide spinels. The Raman and infrared phonon modes of normal cubic sulphide spinels MCr2S4 (M = Mn, Co, Fe, Hg, Zn, and Cd) and selenide spinels MCr2Se4 (M = Hg, Zn, and Cd) are calculated at the first Brillouin zone-centre using above model. The significant outcome of the present work is (i) the interatomic interaction between Cr-S (Se) dominates over the Cr-S(Se) and S-S(Se-Se) type of interatomic interactions, (ii) the effective dynamical charges of the bivalent metal ions are nearly zero, and (iii) the selenide spinels are less ionic than the sulphide spinels and the ionicity decreases as MnCr2S4 > FeCr2S4 > CoCr2S4 > and CdCr2C4 > ZnCr2C4 > HgCr2C4 (C = S and Se). The zone-center phonon frequencies, calculated using these parameters, are found to be in very good agreement with the observed results.


How do our feelings impact the romantic judgments and decisions we make? In a speed-dating context, where people have to judge potential romantic partners sequentially, we investigated whether and how participants' prior affective state guided romantic desire toward and actual choice for an interaction partner. We found evidence for contrast effects, meaning that romantic judgments contrasted with the affective states participants were in at the start of a new interaction. The more positive (excited, interested, or happy) participants felt after one interaction partner, the less attracted they were toward a new interaction partner, and the more negative they felt (irritated or bored), the more attracted they were. The effect of negative emotions (NEs) was primarily visible in men, for whom more prior NEs even increased the chance of choosing an interaction partner at the end of the evening. The effect of positive emotions (PEs), however, had faded away when people chose their date at the end. Additional analyses revealed that specific emotions showed differential effects on romantic desire and actual choice and that contrast effects were mediated but not fully explained (at least in the case of PEs) by desire toward the previous interaction partner.


The procedure of complex assessment of results of master dissertation is described in the article. For this purpose, the author uses the matrix of assessment and interpretation results of master dissertation. This assessment tool allows to combine different systems of requirements to results, to increase the objective of assessment, makes assessment clear to all subjects of education. The matrix of assessment allows transferring the results of master degree dissertation into competences.


Study of the neural substrate of language and communication has primarily involved two methodologies: lesion analysis, which determines structure–function relationships by noting deficits associated with damage to particular brain regions, and neuroimaging methodologies, which identify brain activity modulated by demands on the processes presumed to underlie language and communication. Lesion analysis highlights the importance of left hemisphere frontal and temporal lobe regions for core language comprehension and production tasks, and implicates a role for the right hemisphere in higher-level language tasks. Neuroimaging implicates a role for homologous right hemisphere regions in speech perception, grammar, and some aspects of sentence-level semantics. BEVN 00125


The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags are an integral part of lives today, whether realized or not. Thousands of applications are currently using RFID tags and the number is growing. RFID finds its application in fields as diverse as race timing, transportation payments, passports, & animal identification. This paper aims at combining the ubiquitous applicability of RFIDs with high speed live stream querying capabilities of TelegraphCQ. This paper also aims at providing means of data mining with this accumulated data. The fulcrum of RFID application for this paper is Road Traffic analysis but this can easily be generalized to include above mentioned RFID applications also.


Temperature‐sensitive vesicles designed by inclusion of leucine zipper peptides within a lipid bilayer (Lp‐Peptide hybrids) encapsulating Doxorubicin (DOX) have been reported. Intravenous administration of these constructs prolonged blood circulation kinetics and increased tumor accumulation in vivo with local mild hyperthermia. In this study, the biological activity of the DOX‐loaded Lp‐Peptide hybrid vesicles was further investigated at the cellular level and in vivo compared to lysolipid‐containing temperature‐sensitive liposomes (LTSL) and traditional temperature‐sensitive liposomes. Lp‐Peptide vesicles were not toxic to cell cultures at 37°C, while effective cancer cell toxicity was observed after 1 hr of heating at 42°C. The activity of Lp‐Peptide vesicles in vivo was studied using two different heating protocols to obtain tumor intravascular or interstitial drug release. Lp‐Peptide vesicle treatment allowing intravascular DOX release showed equally effective tumor growth retardation and survival to that of LTSL treatment. The Lp‐Peptide vesicles also offered therapeutic responses using the alternative heating protocol to maximise drug release within the tumor interstitium. Matching the drug release kinetics of temperature‐sensitive vesicles with the heating protocol applied is considered the most critical factor to determine therapeutic efficacy in the clinical translation of such modalities.


The Supreme Court's decision in 14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett' should raise new questions about judicial deference to arbitration awards. That ruling precluded plaintiffs from suing in federal court under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), and required them to arbitrate their age discrimination claims by using the labor arbitration procedures in their collective bargaining agreement.2 Until now, the Supreme Court has said that labor arbitration is uni-quely suited to adjust disputes between unions and employers-but never has labor arbitration been depicted as an appropriate forum for litigating employment discrimination claims. To explore the ramifications of this hybrid, labor-employment discrimination award, I ask what standards would a court apply to review an arbitrator's ruling. The Steelworker's Trilogy-three Supreme Court decisions that explain to courts how to review awards under section 301 of the Labor-Management Relations Act-pronounce deferential standards. 3 But until now, individual employment awards have typically been reviewed under section 10 of the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) or state law equivalents. My research on labor awards and individual employment awards show that courts do not behave the same under these different regimes. They enforce about seventy-two percent of labor awards, but as much as ninety-two percent of employment discrimination awards. Posing a hypothetical example from the Court's recent affirmative action decision, Ricci v. DeStefano, 4 1 assess Penn Plaza's potential impact on this new method for adjudicating discrimination claims.


The eddy current losses within the permanent magnets are one of the most significant losses in permanent magnet exited synchronous machines. In particular, surface mounted magnets are directly exposed to asynchronous components of the air-gap field caused by either higher harmonic waves or higher time harmonics. Finite element analyses with various higher order formulations show the significant influence on the accuracy of the eddy current losses. Additionally, the effects of a various pole coverage can be obtained from such analyses. Thus, a clear summary of the significant parameters influencing the eddy current losses in the permanent magnets for both planar and cylindrical arrangements will be established.


Checklists that we put together to remember important things don't usually inspire great passion. Peter Pronovost has changed all that. In his book, Safe Patients, Smart Hospitals: How One Doctor's Checklists Can Help Us Change Health Care From the Inside Out, Dr. Pronovost, the 2008 recipient of the coveted MacArthur Genius Grant, along with his coauthor Eric Vohr, tells the story of his crusade to improve safety in our hospitals and healthcare system. Beginning with his own experience with his father's illness while in


The goal of this program is to determine the intensity of O VI resonance line photons (1032, 1038 A) originating in the Galactic halo. This is being done by measuring the intensity along an unobscured line of sight and subtracting the local intensity from it. Two members of the team, Robin Shelton and Shauna Sallmen, have independently measured the O VI intensity on the unobscured line of sight. Our methods differ in many ways and we are making the extra effort to understand how systematic variations in method are leading to different measurements. We think that this is worthwhile because it will give us a better understanding of how to compare already published results obtained with these various methods.


ease, especially Barrett's oesophagus and its associated dysplasia and carcinoma. II Could Blaser's contention, that there may be some benefit in retaining H. pylori,8 yet prove correct in some circumstances? While research continues to provide answers, we are reminded that our beliefs and behaviours as clinicians betray our humanity. We need to separate fact from fable, even if the latter suits us. We would do well to remember Thomas Huxley's description of science as "the slaying of a beautiful hypothesis by an ugly fact" .12 Our patients depend on what we believe and how we behave. The time has come to pay more attention to interventions which are effective in promoting appropriate behavioural changes among healthcare professionals. 13 Gil 0 Barbezat


The intelligent home appliance controller based on CAN bus and LPC2294 microprocessor was designed. The hardware designs of system were mainly presented, which included CAN interface design, the design of infrared remote control and modem interface. The system tasks analysis of controller were discussed briefly. The controller can control over 110 devices, which has realized to centrally manage home appliance.


The preparing method, rolling technology and mechanical properties of low chromium semi-steel grinding ball by cross rolling were studied. The results show that when the low chromium semi-steel bar is forged from 55 mm to 50 mm, cross-rolled into grinding ball at 1 000-1 050 ℃, air cooled and tempered at 550 ℃ for 2 h, the best mechanical properties, especially the abrasive resistance under the action of hard abrasive, can be obtained.


on a psychiatric approach to international tensions,. The American Psychological Association has a committee on international relations, as does the American Psychiatric Association. I know that you in the field of social work and group work have also concerned yourselves with these problems. The anthropologists have called upon their members to make every contribution they can as anthropologists, as scientists concerned with human behavior, to~ the understanding of the international tensions. The Eastern Sociological Society at its meeting in Philadelphia, recently moved in the same direction. And so, in the social sciences, and of course this is true also of many people in the physical sciences, we are all asking ourselves what we can contribute to an understanding of the situation in which we find ourselves. What is there in our background, in our training, in our fields of professional competence that might be useful in the present crisis ? In the time that I have. I would like to da~ two things; first to speak to you as a social psychologist and I know how much over-


Belonging to two different language families,Chinese and English languages embody the eastern culture and western cultures respectively.To learn English well necessitates effective acculturation;In the meanwhile,owing to the facts that there are some similarities between the two languages concerning grammatical structure,pragmatic function whatsoever,a positive language transfer(LT) of the mother tongue in English education is both indispensable and practicable.In the course of learning English,effective acculturation and positive language transfer can be of mutual help,and consequently benefit the quality of English education.


This bachelor thesis describes methods, tools and principals of political marketing and puts them in the context of the Czech political environment. It also describes the phenomenon known as politainment and looks for signs of its usage in Czech politics. The practical part of this thesis analyses election programs and election campaigns of the two biggest political parties in Czech Republic - CSSD and ODS. A case study describing video called "Přemluv babu'q and its reflection in local media and politics is also part of this thesis.


A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2018 and 2019 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore to study the per se performance, productivity andprofitability of seven elite castor hybrids and varieties. Treatments comprised five hybrids (GCH-8, DCH-177 DCH-519, GCH-7, GCH-4) and two varieties (48-1, DCS-107). Based on the pooled analysis, castor hybrids (GCG-8, DCH-177 and DCH-519) showed significantly higher total dry matter production (TDMP) on account of significant superiority in crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and absolute growth rate (AGR). Nevertheless, the performance of genotypes in this study was not a true reflection of their growth attributes. Therefore, castor genotypes did not show consistency for seed yield over the years of their evaluation. It was mainly due to their differential reaction to incidence of gray mold. During 2018 significantly higher grain yield (2369 kg/ha), oil yield (1152 kg/ha), gross return (` 1,23,188/ha), net return (` 99,809/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (3.95) was recorded in GCH-8. Whereas, during 2019, 48-1 recorded significantly higher grain yield (1270 kg/ha), oil yield (602 kg/ha), gross return (` 66,040/ha), net return (` 36,897/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.27). Based on the pooled analysis, castor hybrid GCH-8 (1777 kg/ha) recorded significantly higher yield and closelyfollowed by castor variety 48-1 (1476 kg/ha) and DCS-107 (1444 kg/ha).


This study aimed to determine the distribution and relative abundance of freshwater fishes in the Tsitsikamma National Park. Fish assemblages in six river systems were sampled in 2001, with a total of 323 fish from eight species recorded. Indigenous fish collected included four freshwater species ( Pseudobarbus afer, Pseudobarbus tenuis, Sandelia capensis, Anguilla mossambica ), three estuarine species ( Monodactylus falciformis, Caffrogobius gilchristi, Myxus capensis ), and one alien (M icropterus salmoides ). One additional indigenous species ( Galaxias zebratus ) and two aliens ( Salmo trutta, Oncorhynchus mykiss ) could potentially occur within the park. The topography and locality of the park presents a unique opportunity to meaningfully conserve the endangered P. tenuis as well as other fish characteristic of the eastern reaches of the Cape Floristic Region. Management action is required to minimise opportunities for further establishment and spread of alien fish species and to conserve indigenous fish assemblages within the park.


Elastic flexgrid optical networks (FG-ON) are considered a very promising solution for next-generation optical networks. In this article we focus on lightpath adaptation under variable traffic demands in FG-ON. Specifically, we explore the elastic spectrum allocation (SA) capability of FG-ON and, in this context, we study the effectiveness of three alternative SA schemes in terms of the network performance. To this end, we formulate a Multi-Hour Routing and Spectrum Allocation (MH-RSA) optimization problem and solve it by means of both Integer Linear Programming (ILP) and efficient heuristic algorithms. Since, as numerical results show, the effectiveness of SA schemes highly depends on the traffic demand profile, we formulate some indications on the applicability of elastic SA in FG-ON.


Personal health records (PHRs) have been developed into a type of patient-centered health information exchange model in recent years. PHRs are concentrated in a data center established by a service provider through the Internet. From any location, at any time, with only a web browser and an Internet connection, users can access the PHR service provider to establish, control, and manage their personal health data. This PHR standard enables powerful saving, reading, and sharing of medical information. PHR management in the cloud must consider the security of the cloud computing environment. Apart from traditional service providers encrypting healthcare records, PHR cloud providers should provide a group-oriented cryptosystem for users. Accordingly, the proposed bilinear pairing-based group-oriented cryptosystem has the following advantages: (1) The cryptosystem can simultaneously realize four decryption strategies, enabling receivers to designate appropriate decryptors according to the content of plaintext. (2) All group members need only one private key, which can be used for decryption regardless of the decryption modes. Therefore, errors resulting from the misuse of keys can be avoided, and the difficulty of key management can be reduced. (3) The system is required to disclose only six parameters, thus decreasing spatial complexity. (4) Regardless of the encryption and decryption modes, receivers must perform encryption only one time, and the length of the ciphertext comprises only four parameters. Thus, the proposed cryptosystem computing (including environment setting and the processes of encryption and decryption) is highly efficient, with easy key management, low spatial complexity, and small amount of ciphertext being transmitted.


SUMMARY
The left vertebral artery has an anomalous origin from the aorta in 4.0%-6% of cases. This is of importance in (1) Technique of angiography, (2) Interpretation of the left subclavian angiography.

Analysis of 21 cases encountered in 400 consecutive studies indicates that this vessel can be catheterised in the majority of instances. The value of this finding to technique selection in vertebral angiography is stressed.


Single-phase samples of the Ba1−xCexF2+x solid solution (x = 0.3–0.4) were synthesized by directional crystallization in the form of single crystals and by co-precipitation from aqueous nitrate solutions using potassium fluoride as a fluorinating agent in the form of nanopowders. The cathodoluminescence of the pressed powder samples was studied in comparison with the BaF2: Ce single crystals in 250–460 nm (2.7–5 eV) spectral range upon excitation by an electron accelerator. The cathodoluminescence spectra of the samples revealed a wide band in the range of 3.0–4.0 eV, which consists of two typical components of Ce3+ with decay time 23 ns in the case of single crystals and three decay times 27 ns, 140–170 ns, and ~600 ns in the case of pressed powders. The decay time of the short-wavelength component (27 ns) in the case of pressed powders is close to the lifetime of the excited state of the Ce3+ ion. The developed X-ray phosphors can be applied for embedding in diamonds for diamond–nanoparticle composite preparation.


This paper presents thorough survey of work addressing on load balancing in recent computing trends. There are many issues whose solutions lead to the need for load balancing. The objective of load balancing is to increase the performance of parallel and distributed system by distributing the load among the processors. Load balancing is a major factor for achieving high performance. It affects the execution time significantly by expediting it. Load imbalance is a wellknown problem in the areas involving parallelism. However, offering load balancing is a difficult and challenging task. Various algorithms have been proposed for load balancing. These algorithms have distinguished features and each uses different mechanisms. Various Load balancing algorithms like biased sampling, honey bee, active clustering, and join idle queue have been studied.


Joy is a crucial element of people's everyday lives that has been understudied by sociologists. This is particularly true for scholarship about transgender people. To address what we term a joy deficit in sociology, we analyze 40 in-depth interviews with trans people in which they were asked what they find joyful about being trans. Their responses demonstrate the methodological and theoretical importance of asking about joy. Four main themes emerged from the interviews. First, interviewees easily answered the question about joy. Second, contrary to common assumptions, we found that transgender people expressed joy in being members of a marginalized group and said that they preferred being transgender. Third, embracing a marginalized identity caused the quality of their lives to improve, increasing self-confidence, body positivity, and sense of peace. Finally, being from a marginalized group facilitated meaningful connections with other people. Our findings demonstrate a vital need to address the joy deficit that exists in the sociological scholarship on transgender people specifically, and marginalized groups more generally. Bridging the sociology of knowledge and narratives, we show how accentuating joy offers nuance to understandings of the lived experiences of marginalized people that has been absent from much of sociological scholarship.


In this paper a new methodology for optimal planning of low voltage distribution systems is presented. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer non-linear model, which in addition to traditional aspects (costs of installing and upgrading of elements, and operative costs), considers penetration of distributed generators (DG) and the network reliability. The DG are modeled as PQ-nodes and the network reliability is involved by evaluating the non-supplied energy in the objective function. The set of constrains are associated with technical and operative characteristics of the electric networks. In order to take into account the unbalance load, a three-phase model of the elements is used. To solve the problem a tabu search algorithm is employed. To verify the proposed methodology a test distribution system is considered, obtaining results of lower investment costs compared with those acquired in traditional expansion plans.


THE FINANCIAL ANALYST has emerged as a key participant in the investment process during the past twenty years and, coincidentally, the FAF has become a substantial organization with forty-one societies in the United States and Canada and an aggregate membership of over 11,600. The boy has become a man almost overnight. The Federation's Policy and Planning Committee has been engaged in a two-year study to "take stock" and seek answers to a broad range of questions related to the financial analyst as a member of a professional group, and the role of the Federation and its constituent societies. It is believed that this report will be of broad interest not only to the Federation membership, but to all interested in investment research and management. This article on "Profile of the Financial Analyst" is the first of a series from the committee's report. Members of the committee were: Philip E. Albrecht, C.F.A.; George S. Bissell, C.F.A.; Thomas H. Lenagh, C.F.A.; David G. Watterson, C.F.A., and William C. Norby, C.F.A., chairman. What is a financial analyst? Precisely defined, he is one who analyzes financial data in order to reach conclusions about alternative courses of action. But financial analyses are made in a broad range of activities including corporate finance and government, while we refer here to financial analysis as related to security investment. Yet this is not quite accurate either, for portfolio managers are also a large constituency in the organization. In sum, we conclude that the term "financial analyst" as used to define this occupational group should encompass those who engage in the analysis and management of security investments or related peripheral activities such as financial economist or teacher of finance and investments. It should not include financial analysis for corporate finance, real estate investment, or commodity trading. This definition, while broader than investment research is sufficiently restrictive to constitute a reasonably homogeneous group with common interests. Qualification for membership normally requires a minimum of three years' experience in the field although some societies have junior or provisional members with less than three years' experience. Membership may be retained despite transfer to a non-qualifying occupation. Characteristics of the Financial Analyst. The


Previously, we demonstrated accurate determinations of the mass of gas in a large collection vessel of known volume from measurements of the pressure and the resonance frequencies of a few acoustic modes. We achieved accurate mass measurements even when linear temperature gradients persisted after adding or removing gas. The change in mass Δm from before and after flow and the collection time Δt may be used to calibrate mass flowmeters. Because the resonance quality factors Q are very high (up to 30000), measuring the complex-valued frequency response using a lock-in amplifier to determine the resonance frequency is slow. This static measurement of mass requires sufficient time to elapse for transient non-linear gradients to dissipate through convection and diffusion. Here, we demonstrate a method to dynamically track the resonance frequency of a large, gas-filled collection vessel while gas is flowing into or out of the vessel. We use positive feedback to excite sustained oscillations at the desired resonance frequency without a lock-in amplifier or frequency synthesizer. As the speed of sound changes, the sustained oscillations track the changing resonance frequency f with response time ~1/f. Preliminary mass flow measurements using this technique agree with a flow standard within their combined uncertainties.Previously, we demonstrated accurate determinations of the mass of gas in a large collection vessel of known volume from measurements of the pressure and the resonance frequencies of a few acoustic modes. We achieved accurate mass measurements even when linear temperature gradients persisted after adding or removing gas. The change in mass Δm from before and after flow and the collection time Δt may be used to calibrate mass flowmeters. Because the resonance quality factors Q are very high (up to 30000), measuring the complex-valued frequency response using a lock-in amplifier to determine the resonance frequency is slow. This static measurement of mass requires sufficient time to elapse for transient non-linear gradients to dissipate through convection and diffusion. Here, we demonstrate a method to dynamically track the resonance frequency of a large, gas-filled collection vessel while gas is flowing into or out of the vessel. We use positive feedback to excite sustained oscillations at the desired reso...


Multiple spectrometers originally designed for and used at the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's electron beam ion trap have found use at various magnetically confined plasma facilities. Three examples will be described. First is a soft X-ray/EUV grating spectrometer (6–150 A), which is operating at the National Spherical Torus Experiment. Second is an EUV spectrometer with wavelength coverage up to 400 A, which has just recently started operating at the Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment. The last is a high-resolution transmission-grating spectrometer for visible light that has been used at the Compact Toroid Injection Experiment and is currently at the Alcator C-Mod tokamak.PACS Nos.: 39.30.+w, 52.55.–s, 32.30.Rj, 07.60.Rd, 52.70.La


A revised, high-resolution structure of ψ-conotoxin Piiie (ψ-Piiie), a noncompetitive inhibitor of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), produced through the use of NMR and molecular modeling calculations is presented. The original structures of ψ-Piiie had a relatively high degree of disorder, particularly in the conformation of the disulfide bridges. Our studies utilized 13C-labeling of selected cysteine residues allowing the resolution of all problems of resonance overlap for the cysteine residues. The improved data were used to produce a new set of structures by a molecular modeling process incorporating relaxation matrix methods for the determination of interproton distance restraints and a combination of distance geometry and simulated annealing for structure generation. The structures produced are very well converged with the RMSD of backbone atom positions of the main body of the peptide improving from 0.73 to 0.13 A. Other indicators of correlation with the experimental data and quality o...