Accurate transmission line tension prediction is crucial for avoiding power grid suffering from serious lines ice coating, which is a very challenging problem affected by multiple complex reasons, e.g., the massive sharp changes accompanying the occurrence of ice cover, and the non-negligible association with multiple influencing factors (likes local geographic information and future weather forecasts). In addition, spatial-temporal correlation among different time intervals and different factors leads to their different contribution degrees to prediction. To address these issues, we propose a Globally Attentive Gated Convolutional Network (GAGCN) to integrate multiple sources of Spatial-Temporal information for transmission line icing tension prediction. Specifically, we first comprehensively fuse historical observations and external static factors for simultaneous modelling, second the Global Time-series Attention module is applied to assign different attention to each time step and each feature of the input sequence from a global perspective. Then, a Temporal Gated Convolutional Module is subsequently set up to capture the temporal dependence with various subperiods. Finally, future information is fed into the prediction component along with historical information, where the shape and temporal criteria are incorporated into the training objective by a hybrid-loss function so as to capture sharp changes more accurately and timely. Experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate the superior performance of our GAGCN beyond state-of-the-art methods.


The needs of women in society has since far back in time not been taken into account. Women have been largely housebound, which resulted in a city built for men still affecting women travel pattern ...


Wireless communications is widely employed in modern society and plays an increasingly important role in people's daily life. The broadcast nature of radio propagation, however, causes wireless communications particularly vulnerable to malicious attacks, and leads to critical challenges in securing the wireless transmission. Motivated by the insufficiency of traditional approaches to secure wireless communications, physical layer security that is emerging as a complement to the traditional upper-layer security mechanisms is investigated in this dissertation. Five novel techniques toward the physical layer security of wireless communications are proposed. The first two techniques focus on the security risk assessment in wireless networks to enable a situation-awareness based transmission protection. The third and fourth techniques utilize wireless medium characteristics to enhance the built-in security of wireless communication systems, so as to prevent passive eavesdropping. The last technique provides an embedded confidential signaling link for secure transmitter-receiver interaction in OFDM systems. In order to effectively and efficiently defend against malicious attacks in a wireless network, the transmission nodes need to understand the communication risk in the operating environment. A security level awareness scheme is proposed in this dissertation, where the number of active users in a multipath fading environment is estimated. A time domain pilot correlation (TDPC) algorithm for detecting OFDM signals with frequency domain inserted pilots is proposed to recognize the presence of active users, based on the cyclic correlation between the complex conjugate multiplication of received signal segments and a local time domain pilot reference. Taking


On the threshold of elections designed to be held in February 2019,  the first after the military junta seized power in 2014, it is important  to define the role of parties in the political process of Thailand, which  as other developing countries of Asia, faces  challenges in democratic state building. The contemporary political  history of kingdom represents the confrontation of two tendencies –  authoritarianism and democracy what has a reverse impact on  political parties, their character, structure and ability to represent  interests of the society as a whole. The author analyses the process  of party evolution in the historical retrospective in the context of  transformation of political system – from bureaucratic to  semidemocratic subjected to economic modernization and changes in  socio structure of society where traditional form of organization patron-client is persisted. The author defines three  stages of evolution of party system in Thailand The first is  characterized by the full control of civil-military bureaucracy over  parties. The second stage is closely related to the formation of provincial political clientele groups. The third stage marks the  evolvement of party of "power" with the implication for  strengthening the parliamentary democracy in the beginning of XXI  century. And as the result of it – to the destabilization of political  system, based on the relative balance of power between two main  political forces – bureaucracy and army interested in reservation of authoritarian government, and bourgeoisie supporting the  liberalization of political institutes. With the emergence of party of "power" supported by the majority of population advocating  parliamentary democracy political spectrum has changed. The arising conflict of interests subjected to collision of positions  regarding the model of political governance was overcome by  military coup. Analyzing the political spectrum on the threshold of  elections the author comes to conclusion that the restoration of  compromised model of political governance sample of 80-90 years of  XX century is the most likely option of political development of  Thailand in the near future. Though it differs in one aspect – the  social structure has changed, there is the rise of that groups of population that intend to participate in the political process, what  will force the power to be more transparent and social oriented. These challenges face the political parties as well.


Differential privacy has emerged as the main definition for private data analysis and machine learning. The {\em global} model of differential privacy, which assumes that users trust the data collector, provides strong privacy guarantees and introduces small errors in the output. In contrast, applications of differential privacy in commercial systems by Apple, Google, and Microsoft, use the {\em local model}. Here, users do not trust the data collector, and hence randomize their data before sending it to the data collector. Unfortunately, local model is too strong for several important applications and hence is limited in its applicability. In this work, we propose a framework based on trusted processors and a new definition of differential privacy called {\em Oblivious Differential Privacy}, which combines the best of both local and global models. The algorithms we design in this framework show interesting interplay of ideas from the streaming algorithms, oblivious algorithms, and differential privacy.


Investigation of non point pollution carried out in the watershed area of Miyun Reservoir in suburban Beijing indicates three main kinds of non point source loads threatening water quality of the Reservoir: chemical fertilizer, wastes from animal husbandry and loading from soil erosion. Soil erosion in particular plays a most important role in loads of non point source. It is also found the variety of land use evidently affects the intensity of loss of nutrients and the loss of nutrients (TN and TP) in wet season account for 60% of the annual total nutrients loading. Compared with point pollution sources, which have been mostly brought under control around the Reservoir, non point pollution has constituted a prominent cause impairing the water quality. Suggestion was made in so far as soil conservation, proper use of chemical fertilizers and restrictions on poultry and livestock farms.


Real-time imaging of bacterial virulence factor dynamics is hampered by the limited number of fluorescent tools suitable for tagging secreted effectors. Here, we demonstrated that the fluorogenic reporter FAST could be used to tag secreted proteins, and we implemented it to monitor infection dynamics in epithelial cells exposed to the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). By tracking individual FAST-labelled vacuoles after Lm internalisation into cells, we unveiled the heterogeneity of residence time inside entry vacuoles. Although half of the bacterial population escaped within 13 minutes after entry, 12% of bacteria remained entrapped over an hour inside long term vacuoles, and sometimes much longer, regardless of the secretion of the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO). We imaged LLO-FAST in these long-term vacuoles, and showed that LLO enabled Lm to proliferate inside these compartments, reminiscent of what had been previously observed for Spacious Listeria-containing phagosomes (SLAPs). Unexpectedly, inside epithelial SLAP-like vacuoles (eSLAPs), Lm proliferated as fast as in the host cytosol. eSLAPs thus constitute an alternative replication niche in epithelial cells that might promote the colonization of host tissues. Author summary Bacterial pathogens secrete virulence factors to subvert their hosts; however, monitoring bacterial secretion in real-time remains challenging. Here, we developed a convenient method that enabled fluorescent imaging of secreted proteins in live microscopy, and applied it to the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria has been described to invade cells and proliferate in their cytosol; it is first internalized inside vacuoles, from where it escapes thanks to the secretion of virulence factors that disrupt membranes. Our work revealed the existence, in human epithelial cells, of a population of Listeria that failed to escape vacuoles but instead multiplied efficiently therein, despite -and in fact, thanks to— the active secretion of a toxin that permeates membranes. This intravacuolar niche may provide Listeria with an alternative strategy to colonize its host.


Climate indicators suggest a warming of the Earth.Since vegetation elicits seasonal dynamics and annual changes,the monitoring of vegetation change is an important activity to study global climatic change.The daily temporal resolution and global coverage of some satellite sensors make it possible to monitor vegetation at different spatial and temporal scales globally.The pre-processing of remote sensing(RS) data affects monitoring results directly,so a lot of international organizations perform global satellite data acquisition to receive,process,and create data sets,which strongly supports this work.Indications exist as well that an increase in global and specifically boreal vegetation activity occurs.The middle and high latitude region of the Northern Hemisphere show a widely increasing vegetation activity while arid and semi-arid regions elicit a decrease in vegetation photosynthesis in the Southern Hemisphere.It is suggested that precipitation and temperature are the primary drivers for inter-annual vegetation changes.Vegetation cover changes are also highly related to ecosystems susceptible to global climate change.


Objective: To analyze the causes of anti-infective drugs venous transfusion reactions/events, which provide the reference for the rational use of drugs. Methods: 77 cases of anti-infective venous transfusion adverse drug reaction/event cases were statistically analyzed of from January 2010 to December 2011 invited clinical pharmacists consultation.Results: 77 cases of adverse reactions/events involved 55 kinds of drugs. The cause of the ADR/ADE indude dosage, drug concentration drip speed and drip infusion compatibility is not reasonable, patients before drug allergy history inquiry is unknown. Occurred adverse reaction/event the shortest time for 5 minutes, and then to forty minutes have 45 cases (58.4%) occurred symptoms, it is adverse reaction/event the important stage. Clinical manifestations of skin and its accessories damage to give priority.Conclusion: Anti-infective drugs vein infusion should be in strict accordance with the drug instructions to medicine, clinical pharmacists should be immediate attention vein with anti-infective drugs pharmaceutical care, according to cause adverse reactions/event factors take corresponding prevention measures, reduce the incidence of aderse events infusion.


First paragraph: Literature is often used as a springboard into mathematics at the elementary and middle school levels. Stories can help motivate students to explore and discover mathematical concepts. Even if the reading level of the book is below grade level, the story can help students recall mathematical concepts and ideas. Sir Cumference and the Dragon of Pi: A Math Adventure is an example of this type of book. This activity incorporates literature in this manner and makes use of a handheld graphing device to discover pi using multiple representations. Some prior knowledge of a handheld graphing device is assumed.


of Canada (SSHRCC) by the Canadian Society for the Study of Education (CSSE).2 This study has characteristics that make it of interest beyond the Canadian border. The Canadian study, while conducted with a reasonable degree of autonomy by the Canadian national team, was subject to the direction and guidance of the international coordinating committee. At one time, there were over 40 countries involved in the study, and approximately 25 appear to have run the course from beginning to end. There is further interest in the comparative nature of the study because of Canada's political organization that, for purposes of education, allows it to be thought of as 10 countries functioning in a rather loose confederation. This is because the Canadian constitution specifies education as a provincial responsibility with the result that, to all intents and purposes, education is a provincial matter, and there are 10 provinces. Each sets its own policy. Previous IEA studies conducted in Canada, for instance, took place only in some provinces, with provinces being treated as separate countries in the analysis. IEA mathematics defined Ontario and British Columbia as separate countries for purposes of IEA presentations and central data analysis. Similarly, the IEA classroom environment study defined Ontario and Quebec as the relevant provinces. Most university-based educational research has had a similar provincial perspective. Accordingly, an account


Abstract Corpus-based university classroom discourse studies found differences in teaching as it relates to language use: discourse organization, levels of instruction and interactivity, and disciplinary differences in participant talk. These practices were primarily reported on US-based classrooms, while scholars with different foci looked at British university classrooms as well. However, a comparison of how discourse is organized in university classrooms in varying geographical contexts is still missing. The present study provides lexico-grammatical analyses of classroom discourse at a South-East Asian university as associations are made to the communicative and pedagogical functions in the discourse structure of lectures, and comparisons are made to a corpus of university classroom discourse from the US. Findings show differences in language use and associated discourse organizational patterns within three disciplinary areas (Humanities, Natural Sciences, and Engineering) as they are delivered in the two geographical contexts. Implications are discussed for register, disciplinary, and discourse structure studies.


This article aimed to discuss the teachers perception of the early years of elementary teaching of state public about the external evaluation in the context of the Quality Plan of the School, presented by the Secretary of Education of the State of Sao Paulo (SEE/SP). It investigated, through semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis, how teachers relate to assessment policies on a large scale and the impacts of this type of assessment on the teaching work. It concluded that the discourse of the teachers about the evaluation on a large scale is deeply impacted by the bonus policy


The stability problem of unsteady rotating circular jet motion of an ideal fluid is reduced to solving an initial-boundary value problem for Poincare–Sobolev type equation with an evolutionary condition on the jet free initial boundary. The solution of this problem is constructed by the method of variables separation. The asymptotic amplitudes behavior perturbations of the free jet boundary at t → ∞ is found. The results obtained are compared with the known results on the stability of the potential jet motion


The article deals with the theme of love in St. Augustine, highlighting how the Bishop of Hippo himself evolved in his own life from carnal and worldly loves to the love of God, as it appears fundamentally in his Confessions. In order to understand the dynamics of love, the article offers a brief summary of the Augustinian anthropological scheme. Some texts from the In epistulam Iohannis ad Parthos tractatus and the In Iohannis euangelium tractatus are also highlighted in order to corroborate the conclusions of the article.


Climate services that can anticipate crop yields can potentially increase the resilience of food security in the face of climate change. These services are based on our understanding of how crop yield anomalies are related to climate anomalies, yet the share of global crop yield variability explained directly by climate factors is largely variable between regions. In Europe, France has been a major crop producer since the beginning of the 20th Century. Process based and statistical approaches to model crop yields driven by observed climate have proven highly challenging in France. This is especially due to a high regional diversity in climate but also due to environmental and agro-management factors. An additional level of uncertainty is introduced if these models are driven by seasonal-to-decadal surface climate predictions due to their low performances before the harvesting months of both wheat and maize in western Europe. On the other hand, large scale circulation patterns can possibly be better predicted than the regional surface climate, which offers the opportunity to rely on large scale circulation patterns as an alternative to local climate variables. This method assumes a certain degree of stationarity in the relationships between large scale patterns, surface climate variables, and crop yield anomalies. However, such an assumption was never tested, because of the lack of suitable long-term data. This study uses a unique dataset of subnational crop yields in France covering more than a century. By calibrating and comparing statistical models linking large scale circulation patterns and observed surface climate variables to crop yield anomalies, we can demonstrate that the relationship between large scale patterns and surface variables relevant for crop yields is not stationary. Therefore, large scale circulation pattern based crop yield forecasting methods can be adopted for seasonal predictions provided that regression parameters are constantly updated. However, the statistical crop yield models based on large-scale circulation patterns are not suitable for decadal predictions or climate change impact assessments at even longer time-scales.


This paper examines the attractiveness of Brand Zimbabwe based on the factors perceived to impact on national competitiveness. Nation brand attractiveness is a necessary condition for a country to achieve influence and to effectively compete for global resources. Countries can enhance their attractiveness by building on their national brand equity and dealing with negatives around the national brands. The research sought to determine the perception towards Zimbabwe's global risk and competitiveness; to ascertain the variables that promote competitiveness for Brand Zimbabwe and to contribute to the literature on risk perception and its impact on behaviour towards nation brands. The study followed a mixed approach; a combination of interpretivism and positivism. The research drew 372 respondents from politicians, scholars, the media, civic organisations, government officials, church and international organisations. The research established that Brand Zimbabwe faces glaring threats risks that impact on the country's international image. The brand is affected by politics and governance together with socio-economic factors. Management and control of nation brand perception are critical for nations to distinguish themselves and to create vantage positions for sustainable performance. The way a country is viewed internationally is a function of how the country deals with factors that threaten its global competitiveness and perception towards the nation brand. Zimbabwe's quest for foreign direct investment, international visitation and export revenue requires that the country deals with its nation brand image.


This paper investigates the effect of process parameters in turning of Titanium grade 2 on conventional lathe. Three parameters namely spindle speed, depth of cut and feed rate are varied to study their effect on material removal rate and tool failure. The experiments are conducted using one factor at a time approach. Moreover, a few random experiments are also carried to study the phenomenon of tool failure. The study reveals that material removal rate is directly influenced by all the three process parameters. However the effect of spindle speed and feed rate is more as compared to depth of cut. An optimum range of input parameters has been bracketed as the final outcome for carrying out further research.


The essays by Arnold (pp. 151-65) and Ulmer (pp. 167-87), on the issue of arbitrator partiality, are probably the best written and most stimulating in the collection. A typical arbitration panel consists of three persons, one chosen by each of the parties, and a third, 'neutral' chairman. Arnold argues that party appointments introduce an unacceptable degree of partiality. Panel members, required to give objective consideration to the merits of the dispute, may resort to more or less disguised advocacy of 'their' side's position. Party appointment is nevertheless beneficial in ensuring that each side knows that at least one member of the panel will understand his side of the dispute. Ulmer contradicts Arnold's criticism by focussing on the importance to the parties of maintaining their credibilitybefore the panelin particular the neutral chairman. Any absence of good faith by one party or its chosen panel member may result in a general loss of credibility and a consequent adverse decision. Hence it is in the parties' own self-interest not to engage in such activities. The impact of Arnold's criticism also seems weakened by the fact that parties are always free to specify an alternative appointment procedure if they feel that will better serve their interests.


Many leaching methods have been used for various purposes by research groups, industries and regulators, but there is still a need for a simple yet comprehensive approach to leaching coal utilization by-products (CUB) and other granular materials. A serial batch characterization method has been developed at the National Energy Technology Laboratory that can be completed in 2-3 days to serve as a rapid screening tool. The procedure provides an indication of metals release under varying pH conditions and increasing liquid to solid ratio. The method was applied to 8 fly ashes; leachates were analyzed for 30 elements. Data is presented on leachability relative to elemental content in the ashes, and a measure of method reproducibility is given and discussed.


In order to understand the current situation of assessment of children with autism in domestic rehabilitation agencies,33 autistic rehabilitation agencies are investigated using survey and interview. The results show that,the majority can place emphasis on assessment of autistic children,but there is few professional staff in these agencies and their academic qualification needs to be raised. At the same time,the applicability of assessment tools should be enhanced and the assessment process should be standardized. Lastly,the study concludes that the development of native assessment tools should focus on the autistic children' rehabilitation needs as well as the comprehensive scope.


Global environmental problems stem for a large part from human activities. Mitigation of such problems therefore can be realised if people consistently engage in sustainable behaviours. To motivate people to act sustainably, various incentives can be implemented. Current measures to encourage sustainable behaviours often rely on incentives that target people's extrinsic motivation (e.g. monetary rewards); that is, their motivation to engage in sustainable behaviour in order to attain some external desired outcome. Such incentives often come with negative side effects, notably the crowding out of intrinsic motivation, resulting in mere short term behaviour changes (Bolderdijk & Steg, 2015). However, to the best of our knowledge, this crowding out effect on intrinsic motivation has not been explicitly measured in previous intervention studies. Thus, the current research aimed to test the motivational impacts of financial incentives to promote long-term sustainable behaviours. To do this, we evaluated the effectiveness of a three-week free public-transport card intervention, and its impact on people's intrinsic motivation to commute to work using public transport. We found that participants consistently chose to commute to work using public transport, when they could do so for free. However, participants reported low intentions to continue to commute to work using public transport after the three-week intervention trial had finished. Interestingly and contrary to previous research, we did not find a crowding out effect of intrinsic motivation to commute to work. Implications and future research are discussed.


Although superpositioning is a common feature of San rock art, the underlying (for instance, eland are often painted over the complete overpainting of images is not. In this report we human figures, but the reverse is rare [Lewis-Williams 1974]), it describe an unusual case of the complete or near-complete does not appear, in most cases, that an attempt was being made overpainting of images at a site in the Eastern Cape Province, to 're-paint' or 'touch-up' the original images, as does happen South Africa. This sort of overpainting, though uncommon, has in rock art in some parts of the world (for example in Australia profound implications for our understanding of how images [Layton 1992:47; Mowaljarlai & Vinnicombe 1995:45]). Rather, were used by people subsequent to the original painters. it was the resulting relationships that seem to have been impor Superpositioning of one image over another, partially or tant. This point is further emphasised by cases of what has been entirely, is commonly observed in San rock art, particularly in called 'factitious' superpositioning in which one image is the Drakensberg. The early view of superpositioning, as put painted to look as if it is beneath, and therefore earlier than, forward by, for instance, George Stow (1905: 27-28), was that another when in fact it is not (Lewis-Williams 1987; Lewis images were not superimposed until all memory of the original Williams & Pearce 2008). painter had died out. Quantitative research has shown that this In the course of fieldwork, we identified a painted panel in explanation for overpainting is no longer tenable: superwhich a different situation exists: a number of images appear to positioning was not random. On the contrary, certain subjects have been 're-painted' rather than simply superimposed. The were preferentially placed on top of others and certain combisite, recorded as RSA MEL7, is located in the Maclear District, nations were generally avoided (Lewis-Williams 1972, 1974; Eastern Cape Province, South Africa (Fig. 1). Although the rock Pager 1975). It follows that, for the image-makers, the choice of shelter is extensively painted, all the overpainted images we which subject to place over another was significant and the have identified are found in one panel. It is at right angles to the resultant instance of superpositioning constituted a meaningmain rock face at the southern end of the shelter. We describe ful form of syntax — although at this stage the exact meaning of three definite cases of overpainting anda fourth probable case, this syntax is not known. Further, two images are sometimes The three definite cases of overpainting involve rhebok. superimposed even though there is abundant empty space The three rhebok are finely painted in red and white and are immediately next to them. typical of the manner in which the San usually depict the Although the act of superimposing one painting over antelope. In all three cases, larger and cruder antelope with another was intentional, the extent of overlapping seems to unnaturally large heads were painted directly over them and have been variable and typically only partial. It appears that facing the same way (Figs 2,3). It is not possible to identify the the intention was not to obliterate the underlying painting, but species depicted. All of the overpainting is in dark red paint, merely to place one subject on top of another. Also, considering To the left of these overpainted rhebok is a typical San that the overlying paintings are often of a different subject to depiction of an eland. It has not been completely overpainted


Some discriminant properties congruence Ton CP(S) are given,it is proved the FCP(S) of all the basic strong congrunce on Sforms complete sublattice of the congruence lattice C(S) of S,and the structure of the ∩-complete sublattice determined by a given congruece kernel on S is discussed and some properties of the(∩-complete lattice) congrunce K determined by finding kernel on S is described.Finally the group congrunces are also considered by the way.


In the search for new sources of competitive advantage, companies are replacing a traditionally collocated in-house production with globally configured value networks, which consist of diverse and interdependent affiliates. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of interdependence in the process of global dispersion of work. The paper employs a qualitative methodology, which draws on a case study of a Danish company. The case company embarked on a large scale offshore outsourcing initiative in 2005. Since then, the company's operations set-up went through several major re-configurations. The study indicates that the company's offshoring patterns cannot be attributed exclusively to either management decisions or exogenous factors. Among other explanations, interdependence plays a significant role in determining the trajectories and outcomes of offshoring. On this basis, a number of recommendations for managers are developed.


Brito L.G., Oliveira M.C.S., Rocha R.B., Silva Netto F.G., Marim A.D., Souza G.C.R. & Moura M.M.F. 2010. Anaplasma marginale infection in cattle from southwestern Amazônia. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(3):249-254. Embrapa Rondônia, BR 364 Km 5,5, Porto Velho, RO 78900-970, Brazil. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com The present study provides the first epidemiological data regarding infection by Anaplasma marginale in cattle reared in south-western Brazilian Amazonia. One simple procedure was adapted for the extraction of DNA from blood clots collected in seven microregions of Rondônia State and two mesoregions of Acre State. PCR method was used to asses the frequency of A. marginale infections in 4 to12-month-old cattle. The cattle infection was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the specific primer "msp5" for A. marginale. The DNA amplifications revealed that the mean frequency of A. marginale infection was 98.6% (1,627/1,650) in samples from Rondonia, and 92.87% (208/225) in samples from Acre. The high frequency of A. marginale infections in 4 to 12month-old cattle indicate a situation of enzootic stability in the studied areas and are comparable to those detected by immunodiagnosis in different endemic regions in Brazil. The DNA extraction of clotted blood method described here can be used for epidemiological studies on anaplasmosis and other bovine hemoparasites.


Sketching with pen on paper is often used as a way of augmenting spoken descriptions: to help explain how some mechanical device works; to show the flow of information in an organisation, to show the action in a story, and so on. Sketches serve as a focus for the attention of viewers and help make abstract concepts more concrete. But images on paper don't move. Where the time and resources are available, as in preparing a lecture in advance, or producing a television program, authors recognize that moving images are often superior at conveying concepts and holding people's attention. An electronic display is capable of generating moving images in real time. We argue that such a display need not be used just to mimic pen and paper. After all paper is cheap, plentiful, has a wide viewing angle, and doesn't have batteries to run flat. Our 'Living Ink' system is a prototype implementation of a user interface for generating animated line drawings (animated sketches). Our goal was to provide a user interface which can be used in real-time, making interesting animations while an audience watches. This paper describes progress to date towards that objective and discusses proposals for further development.


In this article we advance scholarship on consumer racial profiling (CRP), in general, and the practice as it occurs in restaurant establishments, in particular, by presenting findings from a survey of restaurant consumers that was designed to ascertain the degree to which discriminate service is evident in black and white customers' perceptions and evaluations of their servers' behaviors. We found no evidence of interracial differences in subjects' perceptions of being the recipients of subtle server behaviors that are discretionally conveyed (e.g., recommend entree, compliment food choice, joke with, etc.) or those that constitute standard markers of service quality (e.g., eye contact, smiling, expressing appreciation, etc.). We did, however, find some evidence of CRP in customers' perceptions of their servers' attentiveness/promptness. Additionally, we found that African Americans tend to subjectively appraise their servers' performance less favorably than their white counterparts and this is the case even when other indicators of service discrimination are held constant. Findings taken as a whole suggest that servers' extend similar cues of hospitality but do so in qualitatively different ways (e.g., less sincere) across racial groups. We discuss the implications of these findings and conclude by encouraging additional scholarship on the subtle nature of racial discrimination in consumer settings.


This article describes the history of branding that found in the theories of the graphic identity and brand, its economic and technological implications that characterize them, as well as the focus of its communicative purposes. In particular, it describes the graphic identity in the developing visual system of a company, organization, corporation or institution, the brand and the value in offering to purchase goods and services and product branding as a combined strategy of two, identity and brand, in which the main purpose is that goods, products or services, have convenient entry into the market according to the consumer. Likewise, we review the concept of sustainability as one of the ways that the strategy of branding, it must mean professional commitment to postponed decisions on care and respect for the environment.


The COVID-19 Pandemic has changed areas of societal life to a great extent. Educational fronts are one of them as well. Self-isolation has caused the lock down of educational facilities and it led to the rise of online distance learning worldwide. With its pros and cons this method has been used for more than one year. In this regard, the study used a detailed survey to collect the opinions of Turkish higher education students about the e-learning process during the spring term 2020 when the COVID 19 Pandemic began. For this purpose, 750 surveys were conducted over Google Forms with participant of higher education students from Turkey. The results of the research revealed the following findings. The majority of the participants stated that although distance education had some advantages, it was not a substitute for traditional education, and they could not achieve the same efficiency. The main reasons for this conclusion were inadequate infrastructure, Internet access problems and unfair competition caused by the lack of computer hardware, especially in the ongoing education throughout the country. Students also stressed the significance of online education and how it helped them to stick to their academic careers as they had no alternative other than following an online education system in the social isolation period of COVID-19 measures.


Stability constants of the 1: 1 chelates of ADP and of adenosine-3- and 5-phosphoric acids with divalent metal ions, Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), Mg(II), Ca(II), Sr(II), and Ba(II) are reported at 25 deg C and 0.1 ionic strength. The stabilities increase in the sequence: Ba < Sr < Ca < Mg < Mn < Co < Zn < Ni < Cu. The first and second hydrolysis constants, and the dimerization constant of the copper(II)-ADP and of the zinc(II)-ADP chelates, are reported. (auth)


By employing multiple antennas at the transmitter and the receiver sides, massive multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) schemes allow significant capacity gains. However, the implementation complexity inherent to the use of several tens or even hundreds of antennas might be too high, precluding the use of transmission techniques associated to conventional MIMO systems. In this paper we consider massive MIMO schemes employing 1-bit digital-to-analog converters (DACs) at the transmitter side. We present an analytical method for obtaining the statistical characterization of the transmitted signals. This statistical characterization allows a simple and accurate performance evaluation. It is shown that, although the nonlinear distortion effects associated to the use of 1-bit DACs can be very high, their impact on the system's performance can be minimized by employing more antennas at the transmitter side than at the receiver side. Therefore, massive MIMO systems with 1-bit DACs can be an interesting option for future broadband wireless systems.


We calculated the rates of segregation due to plasmid incompatibility under several simple models. A common feature of all the models that we considered is that incompatibility is caused by the inability of the segregation mechanism to distinguish between two incompatible plasmids. We measured the rate of segregation due to incompatibility of a pair of ColE1 derivatives under two conditions: (1) One plasmid was introduced into cells carrying the other by conjugation. (2) Cells carrying both plasmids were maintained by selection and then selection was released. Interpretation of the results was made more difficult by effects of the Plasmids on the host cell's growth rate. These experiments gave results in agreement with the predictions of a random pool replication model. Published results were also in reasonable agreement with this model.


A theoretical analysis is carried out to investigate the dynamics of electromagnetic drift modes in non-uniform spin quantum magnetoplasmas found in degenerate compact objects. General dispersion relations are derived using spin quantum hydrodynamic equations, Poisson equation, and Maxwell equation, with and without ion inertial effects. The effects of quantum spin magnetization, Bohm potential, and density inhomogeneity on the dispersion of electromagnetic drift modes are explored numerically. The advancing theoretical analysis demonstrated herein has strong correlations and consistencies with the dynamic growth of compact astrophysical objects and their surrounding atmospheres, such as black holes, white dwarfs, and dense molecular clouds.


A method is described for producing tritium in a fast breeder reactor cooled with liquid metal. Lithium is allowed to flow through the reactor in separate loops in order to facilitate the production and removal of tritium.


Based on the common knowledge in the field of feature engineering that "data and features determine the upper limit of the model, and models and algorithms just approach the upper limit", this article believes that the knowledge of feature engineering can be used to extract features from the original data to the maximum. Used by algorithms and models to improve the accuracy of algorithms and models. Based on the above considerations, this paper proposes a feature optimization scheme based on data feature enhancement (DFET) to improve the performance of deep learning models in natural language processing. The DFET feature optimization scheme uses machine learning classification algorithms to weaken noise features and adopts a sliding window Data enhancement is performed in the form of a window, the ignored features are selected through the form of windows, and low-dimensional data with significant features are generated. This part of the data is added to the original model training to fine-tune the model training, and then optimize the model to meet the requirements of improving accuracy. The paper examines the security bug report prediction problem in the field of natural language processing to verify the impact of data feature optimization on the performance optimization of deep learning models. Experiments show that compared with the basic deep learning model, the model after the DFET feature optimization scheme can show more excellent feature learning ability in text classification and prediction.


In this paper, thermodynamic parametric analysis of solar driven pre-compression cycle combined with super critical CO2 and organic Rankine cycle using zero ozone depletion (ODP) and ultra low global warming potential (GWP) fluids have been carried out. The thermal model for the above system was developed using low global warming potential fluids and it was found that the thermal performance of the system is increased with the concentration ratio, fluid velocity, and with solar irradiation while decreased with receiver emittance. In terms of thermal performance parameters the R1224yd(E) gives highest performance Maximum exergy efficiency, thermal efficiency and output power were increased from 36.73% to 58.52%, 34.16% to 54.42% and 183kW to 293.5kW respectively when DNI (direct normal irradiation) increased from 0.4 kW/m2 to 0.95 kW/m2 based on R1224yd(E) fluid. R1224yd(E) recommended for the better performance.


Purpose: this study offers a rare insight into senior leadership in International Baccalaureate (IB) international schools. The IB international school profits from the perceived quality and consistency of the IB brand; international schools, however, suffer from an endemic culture of change and reinterpretation. The IB learner profile (IBLP) offers scope for consistency and an overarching ethos, and research finds that 'buy-in' to the IBLP and modelling of it in all aspects of school life are essential in achieving this. It emerges that buy-in to the IBLP in directors is split between the personal and the operational. Research method: This interpretive study explores IB directors in multiphase research over two years employing an aspect of critical phenomenology through the lens of the IBLP and Global Citizenship Education (GCE). Findings: Only one in six directors uses the IBLP in leadership. Generally, directors attribute the IBLP a junior status. Analysis through Bourdieu finds IB directors have higher loyalty to (loosely defined) GCE through their Christian values. A foregrounding of individual values over the secular IBLP places IB directors as primary catalysts for the change culture unravelling the consistency of the IB international school, confirming the value of the IBLP in leadership.


The distribution of such a scarce resource as deceased donor kidneys should be made by observing a balance between fairness, efficiency and flexibility. Before implementing a new kidney allocation system, these principles should be evaluated and assured objectively. In this article we compare the renal transplant donor-recipient pair selection system implemented in Portugal in 2007 with the Eurotransplant (ET) and United Kingdom (UK) systems. We simulated data for 500 waitlist kidney transplant candidates and 70 deceased donors. Each of the 70 donors was allocated to the best pair of listed candidates, taking into account the criteria of the three allocation systems under analysis. Subsequently, we compare the selected candidate's groups to kidney transplant. The Portuguese organ allocation model selects candidates with a greater number of incompatibilities with the donor compared to the other two models. Under the Portuguese system's rules, candidates have a greater age difference with the respective donors (median = 12.5 years) than those selected by the ET system (10 years) or the UK system (8 years). The Portuguese model selected more hypersensitized candidates (15%), but this difference was not statistically significant when compared to the percentage of hypersensitized patients selected by the ET model (10.7%). The Portuguese model has less equity than the other two models under analysis, since the observed disadvantages regarding the number of incompatibilities and age differences with the respective donor are not compensated for by the selection of patients with longer time on dialysis.


This paper proposes a novel approach for analyzing the stability of polynomial fractional-order systems using the frequency-distributed fractional integrator model. There are two types of frequency and temporal stabilization methods for fractional-order systems that global and semi-global stability conditions attain using the sum-of-squares (SOS) method. Substantiation conditions of global and asymptotical stability are complicated for fractional polynomial systems. According to recent studies on nonlinear fractional-order systems, this paper concentrates on polynomial fractional-order systems with any degree of nonlinearity. Global stability conditions are obtained for polynomial fractional-order systems (PFD) via the sum-of-squares approach and the frequency technique employed. This method can be effective in nonlinear systems where the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach is incapable of response. This paper proposes to solve non-convex SOS-designed equations and design framework key ideas to avoid conservative problems. A Lyapunov polynomial function is determined to address the problem of PFD stabilization conditions and stability established using sufficiently expressed conditions. The main goal of this article is to present an analytical method based on the optimization method for fractional order models in the form of frequency response. This method can convert it into an optimization problem, and by changing the solution of the optimization problem, the stability of the fractional-order system can be improved.


A 36 688 bp fragment from the left arm of chromosome IV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was sequenced. Sequence analysis identified 20 complete non‐overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) of at least 100 amino acids. Nine of these correspond to previously identified and sequenced genes: SIT4/PPH1, FAD1, NAM1/MTF2, RNA11, SIR2/MAR1, NAT1/AAA1, PRP9, ACT2 and MPS1/RPK1. Three ORFs show homology to previously sequenced genes. One ORF exhibits a hypothetical yabO/yceC/yfiI family signature and one has the ATP‐dependent helicase signature of the DEAD and DEAH box families. Six ORFs show no appreciable homology to any proteins in the database. One of these is identical to yeast expressed sequence tags and therefore corresponds to an expressed gene. In addition, two partial ORFs and 11 ORFs that are totally internal and are not likely to be functional were detected. The sequence has been submitted to the EMBL data library under Accession Number Z71781. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


With the rapid development of SOI technology in recent years, electrostatic discharge(ESD)has became a major concern for reliability of SOI integrated circuits. The development of novel SOI ESD protection devices is presented in the paper. Issues often overlooked in the design and optimization of SOI ESD protection devices are discussed.


Two antigenically distinct populations of rat antibodies to the 2,4-dinitrophenyl group (DNP) have been isolated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and named fraction 1 and fraction 3. Both fraction 1 and fraction 3 had sedimentation coefficients of 6.9S, similar hexosamine contents (1.04 and 0.89 per cent) and electrophoretic mobilities similar to the γ2- and γ1-immunoglobulins of guinea-pigs and mice. Fraction 1 consisted of two distinct antibody populations with very similar mobilities.

Only fraction 1 was able to sensitize homologous rat skin for passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). Both preparations were active in haemolysis of passively sensitized sheep red cells in the presence of complement, and fraction 3 was more lytic than fraction 1. In other tests such as PCA in mice, passive haemagglutination and precipitation in gel the behaviour of the two fractions was similar.

Fraction 3 is probably the immunoglobulin designated γA in earlier reports. The results indicate that fraction 1 and fraction 3 correspond to the 7S γ2- and 7S γ1-immunoglobulins of guinea-pigs and mice, except for their behaviour in homologous PCA and in passive haemolysis, and that fraction 1 and fraction 3 are rat 7S γ2- and 7S γ1-immunoglobulins, respectively.


Revised Draft EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF DISSOLUTION AND PRECIPITATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR FRACTURE SEALING AT YUCCA MOUNTAIN, NEVADA Patrick F. Dobson 1 , Timothy J. Kneafsey, Eric L. Sonnenthal, Nicolas Spycher, John A. Apps Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, California 94720, USA Abstract Plugging of flow paths caused by mineral precipitation in fractures above the potential repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, would reduce the probability of water seeping into the repository. As part of an ongoing effort to evaluate thermal-hydrologic-chemical (THC) effects on flow in fractured media, we performed a laboratory experiment and numerical simulations to investigate mineral dissolution and precipitation under anticipated temperature and pressure conditions in the repository. To replicate mineral dissolution by vapor condensate in fractured tuff, water was flowed through crushed Yucca Mountain tuff at 94°C. The resulting steady-state fluid composition had a total dissolved solids content of about 140 mg/L; silica was the dominant dissolved constituent. A portion of the steady-state mineralized water was flowed into a vertically oriented planar fracture in a block of welded Topopah Spring Tuff that was maintained at 80°C at the top and 130°C at the bottom. The fracture began to seal with amorphous silica within five days. A 1-D plug-flow numerical model was used to simulate mineral dissolution, and a similar model was developed to simulate the flow of mineralized water through a planar fracture, where boiling conditions led to mineral precipitation. Predicted concentrations of the major dissolved constituents for the tuff dissolution were within a factor of 2 of the measured average steady- Correspondence should be addressed to Patrick Dobson (firstname.lastname@example.com; fax (510) 486-6115)


During construction of deep foundation in soft rock under varying soil properties, it is essential to locate the rock stratum, especially when drilling with slurry. When slurry is used for drilling, the bottom of the borehole cannot be seen, thereafter soil cuttings cannot be differentiated from soft rock cuttings. A new static rock penetrometer, known as Rock Penetrometer was developed during this study. It could be a simple mechanical device that is attached to the bottom of a Kelly bar which is used to attach drilling tools such as augers and core barrels while drilling. After its calibration in the laboratory, the performance of the static rock penetrometer was verified in the several field test sites.


Objective To establish an RP-HPLC method for the determination of cucurbitacin B in galactosylated hepatocyte-targeting liposomes.Methods The separation was performed by HPLC with a Diamonsil C18 reversed-phase column(200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) at 35 ℃ with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-water(V∶V=50∶50).The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1 and the effluent was monitored photometrically at 233 nm for the determination of cucurbitacin B.Results Cucurbitacin B had a good linear relation over the range of 1.0-20 mg·L-1(r=0.999 9,n=5).The average recovery of cucurbitacin B was 100.6% and RSD was 1.0%(n=9).Conclusions An accurate and simple method is established for the determination of cucurbitacin B in galactosylated hepatocyte-targeting liposomes.


A theory for the thermal resistance in adhesive joints between semiconductor dice and substrates has been developed. The theory takes into account the thermomechanical shear stress in the bond layer caused by differences in thermal expansion. The theoretical result indicates that only small reductions in thermal resistance can be obtained by increasing the bulk thermal conductivity of the adhesive by filling it with silver particles. Experiments were carried out in order to verify this effect. An epoxy resin was loaded with various amounts of silver particles and used to bond thermal test chips to copper substrates. There was a surprisingly small difference in thermal resistance between the various adhesives. The difference was considerably less than the difference in bulk thermal conductivity indicated, thus confirming the basic result of the theory.


The financial stability of banks and the overall banking system is among the most important and at the same time most vulnerable to turmoil sectors of any economy. This is why the object of this study are commercial banks and an assessment of the effects of the restructuring and consolidation of commercial banks in Bulgaria using the CAMEL approach. The aim of the present study is to identify the effects of the restructuring and consolidation of commercial banks in Bulgaria. The study is based on a framework of tools for monitoring the financial stability of the banks operating in Bulgaria and assessing their strengths and weaknesses, including key measures of their capital adequacy, asset quality, management, efficiency and liquidity. The results of the study reveal the main effects of the restructuring and consolidation of commercial banks in Bulgaria. The results of an Ex-post analysis of the financial position of banks and the banking system, which measures their capital adequacy, asset quality, management, efficiency and liquidity since Bulgaria's accession to the EU reveal a successful integration of European practices to encourage the competition among banks in the country. This ranks Bulgaria amon


In this work, cognitive radio and orthogonal frequency division multiple access–based IEEE 802.22 wireless regional area networks is considered. Generally, subchannel is assigned to the user having the best channel gain to that subchannel and problem is known to be NP‐hard. This assignment sometimes results in the unfair allocation where user with best channel gain is allocated more carriers as compared with the user with worst channel condition. In this work, a suboptimal algorithm is developed in which initially optimal number of subcarriers are found considering the equal power distribution. The problem is formulated as an oligopoly market competition and a noncooperative Cournot game is used in which different unlicensed secondary users (SUs) compete for the number of subcarriers based upon the data rate they are getting from current channel condition. The fair distribution of subcarriers is ensured by finding the Nash equilibrium. After subchannels are assigned to the SUs, power allocation is performed for each user with the water‐filling algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can attain superior performance over considered benchmark scheme in the literature in terms of minimum data rate and fairness achieved by the SU. Results validating fair allocation of subcarriers is also shown.


to make a living, influence their productive processes and consumption habits, manage economic resources to these several ends, and generally function as the collective economic agent of the people. The productive character of government activity was recognized by political and economic philosophers from ancient times down to the earlier part of the modern era. The relative goodness or badness of different governments was tested by these writers in no small meas-


The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of aquatic activity program, in the aquatic skills of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The program consisted of 15 sessions that emphasized entering and exiting the pool, water orientation and introduction to front crawl and backstroke. It was evaluated if the students were able to perform tasks, independently, with verbal and gestural instruction, physical conduct or did not perform the requested tasks. In general, the students demonstrated improvement in entering and exiting the pool, respiratory control and displacements. In particular, it was noted the positive development of the five participants, in the three required tasks, to enter and exit the pool. The research showed that students with ASD


Metal island films are widely-used as reflection layers in optics and optical data storage. Their optical properties are dominated by the effect of plasmon resonance and, thus, by size and shape of the metal islands. By altering size and shape of these islands, the optical properties of the metal films can be adjusted. Depending on the wavelength range and type of metal, the film reflectance can be either increased or decreased. It is shown that changes in size and shape can be caused by means of a laser. This allows a well-defined adjustment of the optical properties of thin metal films. The optical properties can be adjusted locally. This technique can be used in different fields such as holography, adaptive optics or multi-layer optical data storage.


This study examines the processes by which the transition to adulthood may impact mental health and result in the social gradient in health. The transition to adulthood is a formative time in the life course when young people relinquish the roles and obligations of adolescence and youth and take on the responsibilities of adulthood. Studies consistently show that the transition to adulthood can have both deleterious and beneficial effects on health. 1–4 We hypothesize that the socioeconomic health gradient emerges in early adulthood as a result of the differential timing, spacing, and sequencing of major transitional events.


Fluorinated aliphatic polyurethanes based on hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and polytetramethyl oxide (PTMO) were synthesized by using 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1,6-hexanediol (OF) or 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1,4- butanediol (TF) as a chain extender. The polyurethanes chainextended with 1,4-butanediol (BD) were also prepared for comparison. The effects of the kind of chain extender and the average length of hard segments on the microstructure, thermal transition property, surface property and blood compatibility of the polyurethanes are discussed. The fluorinated polyurethanes exhibit weaker hydrogen bonding, a smaller fraction of hydrogen-bonded carbonyls, less phase separated soft segment domains, a lower melting temperature and less heat of fusion of crystalline hard segment domains than the polyurethanes chain extended with BD. The polyurethanes extended with OF show the above mentioned effects more obviously than those with TF. The increase of the average length of hard segments also affects the properties, especially as the average length of hard segments increases from 1 to 2. The polyurethanes chain extended with OF posses more fluorocarbon chains at the surface than those chain extended with TF. The hard segment content of the surface and the fluorine/carbon atomic ratio increases as the bulk average length of hard segments increases. In vitro platelet adhesion studies indicated that the addition of fluorocarbon chains into aliphatic polyurethanes leads to a reduction in platelet adhesion and activation.


Prof.Cui Ying-min's Academic Thought of treatment of the Hepatocellular Carcinoma focused on his theory about pathogeny,pathology,prescription and tending of Carcinoma.Professor Cui Ying-min Treated the Hepatocellular Carcinoma based on pathogenesis obtained through differentiation of symptoms and signs,especially based on the splenic theory.It is mainly treated with A Traditional Chinese Medicine-Jianpiyiqi in combination with other methods such as Traditional Chinese Medicine-Liqihuashi and so on.The prescriptions are exact and the curative effects are remarkable.


During a period of 18 months, 15 cases of Serratia septicemia were identified in the Neonatal ICU of a large county hospital including two outbreaks of 5 and 4 cases each.Both term infants were postoperative patients (TE-fistula).An epidemiologic survey of the Neonatal ICU (8 beds) and the adjacent premature nurseries (35 beds) revealed:Control measures included strict hand washing with change from hexachlorophene to a povidone-iodine preparation, elimination of water in isolettes, and rinsing of hands, isolettes and other equipment with 2% acetic acid. Gentamycin replaced kanamycin in accordance with the sensitivities. Two premature infants with meningitis survived after treatment with systemic and intrathecal gentamycin.In a nursery epidemic of sepsis and meningitis due to Serratia marcescens, significant morbidity and mortality was seen in premature and ill neonates. This emphasizes the importance of considering any microorganism as a potential devastating pathogen in susceptible populations.


Ambiguity exists in language communication and in the teaching,plays an important role in language research.This paper,on the basis of previous research,will analyse of the causes of ambiguity and methods to differentiate ambiguity,to make the language to better serve the purpose of communication.


Long‐term outcomes in renal transplant recipients withdrawn from steroid and submitted to further minimization of immunosuppressive regimen after 1 year are lacking. In this multicenter study, 204 low immunological risk kidney transplant recipients were randomized 14.2 ± 3.7 months post‐transplantation to receive either cyclosporine A (CsA) + azathioprine (AZA; n = 53), CsA + mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; n = 53), or CsA monotherapy (n = 98). At 3 years postrandomization, the occurrence of biopsy for graft dysfunction was similar in bitherapy and monotherapy groups (21/106 vs. 26/98; P = 0.25). At 10 years postrandomization, patients' survival was 100%, 94.2%, and 95.8% (P = 0.25), and death‐censored graft survival was 94.9%, 94.7%, and 95.2% (P = 0.34) in AZA, MMF, and CsA groups, respectively. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 70.4 ± 31.1, 60.1 ± 22.2, and 60.1 ± 19.0 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively (P = 0.16). The incidence of biopsy‐proven acute rejection was 1.4%/year in the whole cohort. None of the patients developed polyomavirus‐associated nephropathy. The main cause of graft loss (n = 12) was chronic antibody‐mediated rejection (n = 6). De novo donor‐specific antibodies were detected in 13% of AZA‐, 21% of MMF‐, and 14% of CsA‐treated patients (P = 0.29). CsA monotherapy after 1 year is safe and associated with prolonged graft survival in well‐selected renal transplant recipient (ClinicalTrials.gov number: 980654).


In this paper, a method for multivariable discrete linear time-variant system identification is presented. This work is focused on slowly multivariable time-variant systems, so that it is possible to define time intervals, defined as windows, in which the system can be approximated by time-invariant models. In each window, a variation of N4SID that uses Markov parameters is applied and a state space model is estimated. For that reason the proposed method is defined as N4SID-VAR. After obtaining the models for all windows, the error between system model outputs are calculated and compared to the system outputs. The N4SID-VAR was tested with a time-variant multivariable benchmark and the results were accurate. The proposed method was also compared to the MOESP-VAR method and, for the tested benchmark, the N4SID-VAR was faster and more accurate than the MOESP-VAR algorithm.


Implementation of Minimum Service Standards Policy Population Administration in the North Maluku Province. This study aims to determine the minimum service standards policy implementation population administration in the Province of North Maluku. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The study population is the entire user population administration services. Techniques of data collection using the questionnaire. Determination of the sample using simple random sampling technique. The process of data analysis using quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the provision of services on population administration based minimum service standards are generally performing well, although still found disparities in its implementation. The imbalance caused by the gap of information about rules and guidelines on minimum service standards between officers and the community.


Ireland has not had a breastfeeding culture for several generations, and currently has one of the lowest breastfeeding rates worldwide. Women in Ireland often discontinue breastfeeding due to technical difficulties and inadequate practical and emotional support. With hospital stays becoming shorter, adequate support for breastfeeding mothers, particularly in the early post-partum period, is crucial. A woman's partner can provide a continuity of care which no healthcare professional can offer, and as such, educating fathers on how to adequately support their breastfeeding partner may be an important element of successful breastfeeding promotion. However, despite the potentially positive impact of fathers on the feeding process, little attention has been given to the role of a father in breastfeeding in Ireland. As such, this study aimed to gain insight into the paternal understanding of the breastfeeding process in Ireland. A survey with open and closed questions was posted to 1,398 men with an Irish partner who had given birth 4–7 months previously in the Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital. Fathers who specified that their partner breastfed their last or only child were questioned about their: influence on the breastfeeding decision; ability to assist with breastfeeding challenges; and perceived advantages and disadvantages to breastfeeding. Content analysis was used to analyse the answers to open questions, and due to the number of surveys received, the themes developed from this analysis were quantitatively counted. Most of the 583 respondents to the survey (42 % response rate) were employed (94·9 %, n553), college-educated (69·3 %, n404) and married (85·6 %, n499). The majority (71·5 %, n417) had a partner who initiated breastfeeding. Approximately half (54·9 %, n229) of fathers encouraged breastfeeding when the decision to breastfeed was being made. Despite this, the majority (77·5 %, n323) of fathers were unprepared for at least one aspect of breastfeeding, most commonly that their partner experienced pain and difficulty on feeding. Almost half (49·4 %, n117) of fathers with a partner who experienced breastfeeding challenges did not have enough information to help her to overcome these challenges. Furthermore, whilst the majority (86·8 %, n362) of fathers listed benefits to having a breastfeeding partner, a significant minority (41·0 %, n133) expressed concern about reduced father-infant bonding opportunities due to breastfeeding. Studies have shown that practical support from fathers generally has a positive impact on some aspect of breastfeeding, whether it is initiation, feeding on discharge, duration, or coping with breastfeeding difficulties. However, data from this study indicate that fathers often lack the knowledge required to provide helpful and practical breastfeeding support. In order for fathers to become competent breastfeeding supports, it is important that healthcare professionals identify opportunities in which they can educate and prepare fathers for their valuable role in breastfeeding.


FIELD: optionally materials. SUBSTANCE: granules with melting point 125-140°C are obtained by extruding non-linked random copolymer of propylene with nucleating agent through tandem-extruder, in which each of extruders is divided into sic temperature zones with specified temperatures. Thus manufactured granules show low melting point, satisfactory mechanical strength, and contain at least 80% of closed cells. EFFECT: improved moldability into a variety of packaging items. 18 cl, 19 dwg, 10 tbl, 30 ex


The exponential growth of big data has led to a significant increase in the volume and complexity of data being generated and stored. This trend has created a huge demand for secure storage and processing of big data. Cryptography is a widely used technique for securing data, but traditional cryptography algorithms are often too resource-intensive for big data applications. To address this issue, light weight cryptography algorithms have been developed that are optimized for low computational overhead and low memory utilization. This research paper explores the use of a new sustainable algorithm that utilizes a lightweight cryptographybased key management scheme to optimize MapReduce security and computational efficiency in Hadoop clusters. The proposed sustainable MapReduce algorithm aims to reduce memory and CPU allocation, thereby significantly reducing the energy consumption of Hadoop clusters. The paper emphasizes the importance of reducing energy consumption and enhancing environmental sustainability in big data processing and highlights the potential benefits of using sustainable lightweight cryptography algorithms in achieving these goals. Through rigorous testing and evaluation, the paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed sustainable MapReduce algorithm in improving the energy efficiency and computational performance of Hadoop clusters, making it a promising solution for sustainable big data processing.


The paper describes the types of "grandparent" roles. The emphasis is made not on the mechanisms of interaction between the generations, but on different sociopsychological issues: the role of an elderly person in the family, the extent of his/her involvement in the problems of the family, the quality of participation of grandparent in the life of grandchildren and children. Psychological mechanisms of dialogue between grandparents and children are considered. It is shown that their interaction is carried out during the broadcast of experience from older generation to the younger one. On the examples of carried out studies it is shown that elderly people can join dialogue with children that can give birth to meanings and deep-laid values. The necessity of the transfer of basic psychological knowledge to grandparents in order to optimize the broadcast of their experience is stated


Section 2 of the Act of June 8, 1904 (16 U.S.C. 668a) is amended by deleting the period at the end thereof and adding the following: "Provided further, That the Secretary of the Interior, pursuant to such regulations as he may prescribe, may permit the taking of golden eagle nests which interfere with resource development or recovery operations.".


Online critical literacy challenges readers to recognize and question how online textual information has been shaped by its greater context. While comparing information from multiple sources provides a foundation for such awareness, keeping pace with everything being written is a daunting proposition, especially for the casual reader. We propose a new form of technological assistance for critical literacy which automatically discovers and displays underlying memes: ideas represented by similar phrases which occur across diýerent information sources. By surfacing these memes to users, we create a rich hypertext representation in which underlying memes can be explored in context. Given the vast scale of social media, we describe a highly-scalable system architecture designed for MapReduce distributed computing. To validate our approach, we report on use of our system to discover and browse memes in a 1.5 TB collection of crawled social media. Our primary contributions include: 1) a novel technological approach and hypertext browsing design for supporting critical literacy; and 2) a highly-scalable system architecture for meme discovery, providing a solid foundation for further system extensions and refinements.


An investigation was made of the mechanisms of pulsed lasing due to the 585.3 nm Ne I transition in an Ne–H2 mixture in hollow-cathode and longitudinal discharges. It was established that lasing in the afterglow of both types of discharge was due to pumping of the upper active level mainly by three-body recombination of neon ions, whereas lasing during a current pulse in a hollow-cathode discharge was due to electron impact pumping. It was found that, in a longitudinal discharge at high currents, a recombination nonequilibrium state could form even during passage of the current and then lasing during a current pulse was due to recombination pumping. It was established that the depopulation of the lower active level as a result of the Penning reaction with hydrogen was selective. It was found that elastic collisions with electrons had a strong influence on the temporal characteristics of the lasing in a recombining plasma.


History Press, The. "Mission." http://historypress.net/about-hp/ (accessed 1 April 2013). Isserman, Maurice, and Michael Kazin. America Divided: The Civil War of the 1960s. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2000. Kopp, James J. Eden within Eden: Oregon's Utopian Heritage. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press, 2009. Olsen, Polina. Stories from Jewish Portland. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2011. Roszak, Theodore. The Making of a Counter Culture: Reflections on the Technocratic Society and Its Youthful Opposition. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1969. Turner, Fred. From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2006.


This research was prompted by the lack of quantitative and statistically significant evidence of deterioration of visual acuity in the course of prolonged visual work, despite subjective reports of tiredness. Earlier experimental efforts to produce such evidence were fruitless.* In a previous study 5 it was shown that the course of visual fatigue can be determined accurately in terms of quantitative measures of performance if the test stimulus itself, i. e., Landolt's broken circle, is used as measure, as well as the fatiguing stimulus. Such a testing situation is comparable to the situation in experiments on muscular fatigue, in which the weight lifted is both the measure and the cause of fatigue. The present experiments have been performed in order to ascertain whether the decline in visual acuity continues in the course of repeated series of determinations (cumulative fatigue) and how it is affected by illumination level and reading. METHOD


OBJECTIVE To explore the curative effective of Taiji boxing in treatment of lumbar disc herniation.METHODS 157 lumbar disc herniation patients were divided into Taiji boxing group and control group randomly.The Taiji boxing group takes seven months Taiji boxing exercises in addition to the conventional physic therapy.To evaluate by measuring the score of pain,the angle of straight leg raising test,the score on the function of lumbar.To calculate the improve rate and the improve index.RESULTS Compared to the control group,the score of pain was lower in Taiji boxing group,the angle of straight leg raising test was larger,and the score on the function of lumbar was higher.The improve rate,improve index and effective rate in Taiji group was better than that of control group.CONCLUSION Taiji boxing exercises can help to improve the clinical symptoms and physical characteristics of the lumbar disc protrusion patients and improve the function of their lumbar.


Field studies were conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy of six systemic and four non-systemic fungicides against early blight of tomato caused by Alternaria solani (Ellis and Martin). The experiments conducted during Kharif 2014 to study effect of some promising fungicides found under in vitro studies as foliar sprays against early blight of tomato. Three foliar sprays of at 15 days interval with Difenoconazole 25 EC was the most effective fungi toxicant reducing the disease incidence to 23.48 per cent from 61.23 per cent, unsprayed check. The other fungicides in order of their decreasing efficacies were Flusilazole 40 EC >Hexaconazole 5 EC >Mancozeb 75 WP. Propineb 70 WP proved least efficacious among the test fungitoxicants reducing the disease incidence to 43.70 per cent from 61.23 per cent, unsprayed check. Similarly Difenoconazole 25 EC again proved most effective fungitoxicant in case of disease intensity reducing the disease intensity to 16.39 as against 41.31 per cent observed in unsprayed check. The other fungicides in order of their decreasing efficacies were Mancozeb 75 WP >Flusilazole 40 EC >Hexaconazole 5 EC. Propineb 70 WP proved least efficacious among test fungi toxicants reducing the disease intensity to 24.11 per cent. Difenoconazole 25 EC gave the highest disease control of 61.67 and 60.32 per cent in case of disease incidence and disease intensity respectively while the least per cent disease control of 43.70 and 41.63 per cent respectively was given by Propineb 70 WP.


The equivalent strain,stain energy density and damage of high speed wire during rough rolling is analysed.The results show that damage occurs more possibly at the corner of workpiece than at other places and heals uneasily.


We give some theoretical as well as computational results on Laplace and Maxwell constants. We consider mixed boundary conditions and bounded Lipschitz domains of arbitrary topology.


Both sports and geography are spatial sciences. The geographical concept of space and place are central to not only a definition of sport but also to an enhanced understanding of sports significance. As an epiphenomenona, sport is marginalized in economic, cultural and physical studies. There are signs that in the last two decades a sub discipline called sports geography has arrived. Space and place, which both sports and geographical concerns, are dealed with as a cutting in point in sports geographic approaches. This paper introduces the progress in sports geography and analyses the relation ship between sports and geography. Afterwards, a conceptual framework for geographic studies of sports culture is provided. Basing on the framework, the key realm and core content about sports geography are discussed: sports geography is concern with the exploration of sports culture and how the spatial distribution of sport has changed over time-the origin and spatial diffusion of sports culture; spatial organization and optimal location selection of sports activities; the different character of sports culture in different region; the changing character of the sports landscape and the making of prescriptions for spatial and environmental change in sports environment; spatial interaction in sports. Lastly the paper indicates that the unique situation of China offers an advantaged condition for approach to geography of sports. It is just why sports geography studies will have potential and superiority in china. From the points of view of geography, developing research on sports geography play a great part in at least the followings: plentiful culture of Chinese traditional needs sports to trace its source in aspect of cultural geography; multinational population structure needs to discuss the law of origin and diffusion of traditional folk game; far flung territory provides a plenty of research matter; body excises and competitive sports needs to research site selection from the points of view of locational theory; professionalization and industrialization of sports needs to deal with optimizing collocation of sports resource in point of economic geography. China has a vast territory and differ in entironment. There exists different sports events in various terrain and climate region. Otherwise, restricted by lower economy strength, China cant develop each sports event in every region. Therefore it is of realistic significance in investgating the relation ship betweens setting sports events and environment and appraising their flexibility.


The improvement on the process of automatically measuring city buildings is one of the most important problems in the current aerial photographic measurement. An approach to measuring a city building based on its structure information is presented. A city building's ideal model is first represented by some independent parameters according to its structure information and some image variants which can induce model parameters are defined, and then the initial value of image variants are acquired by combining all kinds of information in the left and right images. Finally the optimal location of the building is found for some certain criteria. An implementation of this method is illustrated on flat-roof and rectangular buildings in detail. The experimental results show that not only the method is more automatic than existing methods but also the precision of measurement can satisfy the acquirement of the current aerial photographic measurement, and confirm the method has a good developmental and applied potential.


Economic basis of investment cooperation is considered, the main factors affecting its efficiency are revealed. New methodical approach is proposed to evaluate effectiveness of investment cooperation between business structures in the fish industry that takes into account the coefficients of factors influence. Recent state is considered for the cooperation between Republic of Korea and Primorye Region of Russia. In this system of cooperation, a tendency of raw specialization is revealed for Primorye Region, so the problem of lost opportunity exists. The main priority investment projects in the fish industry of Primorye Region with participation of Korean business are defined. These projects are ranked for easier decision making in the view of potential investors according the indices of profitability and period of expenditure covering.


This thesis describes the impact of the notion of a calling on the development of the nursing profession during the period 1850–1933. The focus of the study is on how perceptions andnotions of a ca ...


With the development of the researches and improvement of experiment on optical molecular imaging,a simulation platform,which can realize the light propagation in tissues and free-space,is urgently required by the researchers.This paper introduced a platform MOSE(Molecular Optical Simulation Environment) which integrates the forward simulation of three different modalities of optical molecular imaging.Based on a uniform framework,the platform provided the simulation of light propagation in turbid media and free-space combined with the functions of graphic visualization and data analysis.The structure design of the platform,simulation algorithms,graphic visualization and some simulation examples were provided in details.The experiment shows that the researchers could efficiently implement the simulation experiment and data analysis in the study of optical molecular imaging through the platform.


This paper analyzes the effects of an expected future voluntary export restraint on the level of firms' current exports to a market. The traditional result that current exports increase is shown to depend on the degree of collusion in the exporting industry and the anticipated restrictiveness of the VER. The former relationship is tested by reference to the effect of EC import surveillance on its imports. Surveillance is argued to indicate an increased probability of a VER in the future, and it is found that while competitive industries respond to it by increasing exports to the EC, less competitive ones curtail exports. This constitutes one of the few empirical tests of the strategic part of strategic trade policy. Copyright 1994 by Royal Economic Society.


ABSTRACT This research is aimed to test the influence of local own source revenue (PAD), general allocation fund (DAU), special allocation fund (DAK), and profit sharing fund (DBH), Flypaper Effect (FEF) and the numbers of the population(JPE) to the local expenditure (BED). Sample consisted of 29 districts and 9 in East Java with 148 observation reports Actual Budget and Expenditure 2012-2015 year, with resources BPK and BPS. Thisexamination has been carried out by using multiple linear regressions analysis technique and the instrument of SPPS application (Statistical Product and Service Solutions). The result of the research which has been done by using multiple linear regressions shows that local own source revenue (PAD), general allocation fund (DAU), special allocation fund (DAK), and proift sharing fund (DBH), Flypaper Effect (FEF) and the numbers of the population (JPE) to the local expenditure (BED). Meanwhile, the flypaper effect does not give any influence to the local expenditure, with the R-Squared 0.988 or 98.8%, it shows that the variables in the modelsare able to predict the local expenditure, meanwhile 1.2% is influenced by other variableswhich are included in the model. Keywords: Local own source revenue (PAD), Equalization fund, Flypaper Effect (FEF), The numbers of the population (JPE), Local expenditure (BED)


Large-scale and systematic calculations of scattering amplitudes and cross-sections for charged particle collisions are of fundamental importance for understanding the physical properties of materials in different research fields. However, the elaborated theoretical methods for cross-sections are generally restricted to a finite range of impact energies. Here, we present an efficient approach for the calculation of the scattering amplitude and cross-sections ranging from low to high collision energies based on the variable phase method, where the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin and Born approximations for scattering phase shifts (SPSs) are incorporated into the numerical algorithm to alleviate the computational cost. For this purpose, quantitative criteria for the validity of these approximations are established based on the properties of the turning points of the potentials. For different scattering potentials, the corresponding planes can be established as a guideline to select the optimal combination for calculating the scattering amplitude and cross-section. The demand for quantum treatment of phase shifts is reduced by one to two orders of magnitude, which strongly benefits the computation of cross-sections for high-energy scattering. It has been found that the quantum treatment for SPSs is necessary near the quantum states involving quantum tunneling and resonance. To testify the validity of the approach, the SPSs and also transport cross-sections are calculated for Yukawa potentials, and good agreements are obtained in comparison with other available high-precision calculations. The proposed numerical approach can be straightforwardly generalized to other scattering potentials and permits one to efficiently calculate the scattering cross-sections for a large energy range.


This is a response to an article by Utsa Patnaik in which she criticises the method of classification developed by the authors. They take the opportunity to clarify some points which were unclear in their original article. They maintain their criticism of the method proposed by Patnaik.


ABSTRACT Rare phosphatised fragments within small shelly fossil assemblages from the upper Henson Gletscher Formation (Cambrian, Miaolingian Series, Wuliuan Stage) of North Greenland (Laurentia) are described as Dietericambria hensoniensis n. gen. n. sp. Two pairs of minute cephalic limbs promote comparison with stem-group pentastomids, best known from the late Cambrian (Furongian) Orsten Lagerstätten of Sweden. The North Greenland occurrence is interpreted as the oldest yet described tongue worm and extends the record of pentastomids by about 15 m.y. Dietericambria hensoniensis preserves a unique median axial complex of uncertain function, probably an attachment organ; a mouth has not been identified. Isolated hooks and spicules in the samples from the Henson Gletscher Formation are compared to the grasping hooks and copulatory spicules of the extant pentastomid Raillietiella, although their interpretation is speculative.


The aluminum hard anodic oxidation process is one kind of thickness anodic oxidation craft.It is a chemical reaction of the aluminum and the aluminum alloy in the sulfuric acid electrolyte.The electrochemistry reaction carries on which after the steps and ladders electric current function.Traditional aluminum hard anode oxidation needs lower temperature and higher voltage.By hard anode oxidation,the film is obtained when industrial pure aluminum is in sulfuric acid solution,make the improvement in the traditional sulfuric acid hard anodizing craft foundation.Under the same craft condition,put the chemical additive into the sulfuric acid solution,the speed of oxide film and the allowed temperature range can be improved greatly,and the anode oxidation production efficiency can be enhanced.


Privacy preserving content sharing has become one of the most desired feature of most social, mobile or internet applications. Today the amount of private data flowing in the internet or at rest is bigger than ever before and its size is growing with an unpresented pace. Most of the users as well as the regulators are concerned about privacy of that data. Most applications do not need raw data but instead require some data analytics. In reality, desired analytic functions are mostly simple ones such as accumulations, mean or average calculations, unions or intersections. In this study, we focus on private intersection of data owned by different parties without revealing the data that is not in the intersection. We propose an efficient method of privacy preserving sensitive information sharing that are usable and practical in the real world scenarios. Our method guaranties that communicating parties learn no information beyond what they are required to know. There are wide set of applications ranging from social networking to national security using privacy preserving data intersection.


We compare the failure mechanism and performance of a silicon carbide (SiC) semi-superjunction (semi-SJ) power DMOSFET against pure SJ and conventional DMOSFET when struck by a single heavy ion. The Single-Event Burnout (SEB) failure mechanism was identified as the thermal runaway from second breakdown resulting in mesoplasma formation. The semi-SJ design shifts the mesoplasma location from the drift/substrate interface seen in the control device structures to a location along the center of the P-pillar and closer towards the DMOSFET surface, thus significantly improving the SEB threshold voltage (VSEB). The VSEB varies with pillar width and ratio of pillar thickness to drift layer thickness. A maximum value of VSEB is reached when the pillar to drift layer ratio is 0.9 and the pillar width is 2.4 μm. The semi-SJ SEB/breakdown voltage ratio is 100% and 13% higher than the pure SJ and conventional DMOSFET, respectively. Using a new Figure of Merit (FoM), which accounts for the tradeoff between VSEB and on-state performance, we find that the SiC semi-SJ DMOSFET achieves a FoM that is 1.8 and 8 times higher than SJ and conventional DMOSFET, respectively, making the semi-SJ a competitive candidate for radiation hardened applications.


Comparative investigations of the effect of discrete surface hardening by standard ion-plasma technology and discrete oxidation technology on the structure and hardness of high-speed steels are carried out. It is shown that, after hardening in the ion-plasma installation on the surface and in the thickness of the layer, droplet-shaped defects, craters and bundles are formed. Metallographic studies showed that the hardened discrete oxidation layer after repeated hardening has a dense, uniform structure. It has been established that the discrete oxidation technology allows to increase the wear resistance of a complex-profile cutting tool 2 times more, compared to a tool hardened by standard ion-plasma technology after regrinding.


Since 2004 at the Institute of Geodesy and Navigation of University FAF Munich a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal simulator has been developed. Like in cases of other institutes our motivation was to create a highly flexible, reasonable prized and reliable source of simulated GNSS signals in order to analyze and develop new receiver algorithms and hereby speed up the receiver development for the Global Positioning System (GPS) as well as for the future Galileo system. We present the development of a cost-efficient GNSS signal simulator based on a conventional PC and a commercial digital-to-analogue conversion (DAC) card. The signal simulator is in principle able to simulate arbitrary GNSS signals on arbitrary frequencies. The signals are precomputed for an intermediate frequency (IF) or for baseband on the PC and streamed to the DAC card which converts them to an analogue signal. This signal will be up-converted to RF (e.g. L1 = 1.57542 GHz) in a future project. A GNSS signal simulator is a powerful device, which simulates the received GNSS signal for a given satellite system (e.g. GPS or Galileo) and for a given user antenna trajectory. Satellite system parameters can be changed as well as the signal propagation environment. The benefits of this GNSS IF software signal simulator are demonstrated by two different software simulator applications described in this paper: generation of Galileo signals to make possible interference investigations between GPS and the future Galileo system and of a new BPSK like signal structure (Castle BPSK) to test its properties. In both cases the generated IF signals could be successfully tracked by a software receiver. These experiments show the outstanding benefits of a software based signal simulator: especially its extremely high level of flexibility in contrast to a hardware based signal simulator. To expand the application areas of the software simulator a new chapter of simulation has been started: the conversion of the digital IF samples into an analog signal in order to emit the simulated GNSS signals. The first milestone on this way has been completed. A fullconstellation low-bandwidth analogue GPS C/A signal at IF was generated and its properties have been investigated by a spectrum analyzer. The signals could be successfully acquired by feeding it into the analog IF input of the software receiver.


10 conditional terms of the form if A then t 1 else t 2 , where A is a well formed formula and t 1 and t 2 are terms. Inference rules can be deened to introduce and eliminate conditionals GT92]. It can be proved that introducing conditional terms is a conservative extension of rst order classical logic. Similarly, the tactical orelse can be translated in a function symbol of a logical metatheory and deened in the following way 8x 1 8x 2 orelse(x 1 ; x 2) = if x 1 = Err then x 2 else x 1 where Err is an individual constant of the metatheory. The metatheoretic axiomati-zation GT91a] is such that a term of the metatheory can be proven equal to Err if and only if the term corresponds to a tactic that fails. We plan to give a formal definition of the mapping between MRG tactics and terms of the metatheory described in GT91b, GT91a, GT92]. One of the reasons to represent failure in a logical metatheory is the ability to prove apriori when a tactic is likely to fail. In section 2.3, we have explained how the tactical orelse is useful to deal with failures that are not critical nor unrecoverable. But critical and unrecoverable failures should be avoided. We do not want the robot to do the wrong thing when it carries a dangerous load! Reasoning by deduction in a logical metatheory allows the planner to state that, according to the model of the world axiomatized in the metatheory, the plan fails. This allows the planner to be very careful in executing dangerous tactics. Originally, MRG has been developed as a module of an integrated system under development at IRST, called MAIA Str91]. MAIA is an application integrating diierent systems and technologies, like reactive sensor based systems for robot navigation, speech recognition and dedicated planning systems. The project aims at the development of an intelligent robot that navigates in an unpredictable environment, exchanges information with people, nds persons in IRST and helps them. MRG is used to develop the central module that activates, controls and coordinates all the other modules developed in this application. Because of the size and complexity of the application, the diierent subsystems are continuously changing and increasing over time. This requires a central planner with a exible architecture that allows the user to deene the control mechanisms of …