Abstract : This paper will explore the historical background of the Posse Comitatus Act and determine why Congress passed it into law. It will then determine the implications for the U.S. military. Questions that the paper will review are what were the causes of the Posse Comitatus Act and how is that relevant to a reevaluation of the law? Northern Command as the newly established combatant command responsible for homeland defense must have the freedom of action to execute this task. Congress created the Posse Comitatus Act and can repeal or adjust the law if the circumstances require. The events leading up to the passage of the Act show that the Army performed the mission of support to civilian law enforcement extremely well and with discipline and restraint. The law was a result of a political compromise that led to the end of Reconstruction not due to misbehavior or an abuse of power by the Army. Today's military can execute the task in a similar fashion. In order to permit the military to effectively support civilian law enforcement given the current terrorist threat, Congress must rewrite the Posse Comitatus Act.


Recently, the QR decomposition (QRD) method has been extensively used in the recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive filtering problems. And the least squares lattice (LSL) algorithm has been rederived based on the QRD method. On the other hand, in order to increase the throughput in the general RLS, a triangular systolic array for block processing based on the QRD method with Householder transformations has been derived. In this paper, we derive an adaptive FIR lattice filter structure for block processing based on QRD with Householder transformations.


Abstract This study employs a time-varying parameter VAR with stochastic volatility (TVP-VAR) to investigate the time-varying impact of foreign capital flows on house prices in South Africa. The study also analyses the behaviour of the house price index using recursive unit root tests. The results of these tests show a statistically significant period of house price exuberance. The results of the TVP-VAR show a contemporaneous positive impact of foreign capital on house prices throughout the sample period, with the largest impact occurring during the period of house price exuberance. In addition, the international capital flows are found to aggravate the imbalances between demand and supply sides, thus enforcing the future house prices to comove with the housing supply.


Introduction: Volcanic rootless cones (VRCs) are the products of explosive-lava water interactions and have been identified on Earth and Mars [1]. Terrestrial VRC groups cover areas of up to ~150 km and generally include numerous conical landforms ranging from 1-35 m in height and 2-450 m in diameter [1]. VRCs are significant because they imply the presence of both active lava flows and an underlying volatile phase (e.g., groundwater or ice) at the time of their formation [1]. We describe the Tartarus-Colles cone group on Mars and provide evidence to support the interpretation that these landforms are VRCs. Background Information: Mariner 9 and the Viking Orbiter images resolved groups of kilometerscale landforms that were interpreted as analogs to Icelandic VRCs [2, 3]. The Mars Global Surveyor reimaged many of these groups at much higher spatial resolutions and revealed that the cones are located within lava flow fields and their morphologies and planar dimensions that are similar to the largest Icelandic VRCs. Alternative origins have been proposed for the Martian cone groups [4, 5]; however, both morphological [6, 7] and non-morphological evidence [8, 9] suggests that these features are VRCs rather than icecored mounds or secondary impact craters. The Tartarus-Colles region is situated within the eastern part of the Elysium Rise in a region where Early Hesperian to Late Hesperian age lava flows inundate the topographic lows between the Late Noachian aged Nepenthes Mensae geological unit [10]. Methods: To investigate the origin of the Tartarus-Colles cone group, we combine geological mapping of satellite imagery with statistical geospatial analysis. The satellite images include: 6 HiRISE images (0.3 m/pixel), 7 HiRISE CTX images (6 m/pixel), 4 MOC-NA images (1.8-6 m/pixel), 8 THEMIS Visible images (18-19 m/pixel), and a THEMIS Infrared basemap (72 m/pixel). These data were imported into ArcGIS to create a coregistered mosaic upon which we based our geological map (Fig. 1A). To determine if the spatial distribution of landforms within the Tartarus-Colles cone group exhibits a similarity to terrestrial VRCs, we compare an example from our study region with eight examples from the Laki lava flow using sample-size dependant nearest neighbor (NN) analysis [11] of crater centroids using Geological Image Analysis Software (GIAS; www.geoanalysis.org). The NN analysis utilizes two test statistics: R and c. R is the ratio of mean measured NN distance to the mean NN distance that would be expected given a Poisson random distribution of equivalent population density, whereas c is a test for statistical significance given the variance of the input. If the values of both R and c are within their respective sample-size dependant limits of significance then the input matches the Poisson random distribution model.


This essay use "Ben-ji" (biographic sketches of emperors) as a major agenda to discuss and investigate "Guoshi-guan" (Academia Historica), which was the national historiography compile institution in Qing regime. From the first historiography appear in Ancient China to Qing regime, "biographic sketches of emperors" (Ben-ji) plays a important role in Chinese traditional historiography, especially in memorizing and representing behaviors of emperor. This essay will focus on functions of Benn-ji, which connecting the political and intellectual area in historical text. The officers of "Academia Historica" in Qing regime use the regulations of Ben-ji to compare to ancient canons. Secondly, I will use the Manchu and Chinese language archives to restore organization and members in the national historiography compile institution in Qing regime. Finally, I will analysis and discuss the rough draft of Gung-xu emperor's biographic sketches. Use it as a historical document to find out the historical memory in late Qing regime.


The computation of optimal control variables for a two-stage steel annealing process (SAP) which comprises of one or more furnaces is proposed in this paper. The heating and soaking furnaces of the steel annealing line form two-stage hybrid systems. Three algorithms including particle swarm optimization (PSO) with globally and locally tuned parameters (GLbest PSO), a parameter free PSO algorithm (pf-PSO), and a PSO like algorithm via extrapolation (ePSO) are considered to solve this optimal control problem for the two-stage steel annealing processes (SAP). The optimal solutions including optimal line speed, optimal cost, and job completion time obtained through these three methods are compared with each other and those obtained via conventional PSO (cPSO) with time varying inertia weight (TVIW) and time varying acceleration coefficient (TVAC). From the results obtained through the four algorithms considered, the efficacy and validity of each algorithm are analyzed.


Author Summary This chapter discusses the integration of gender-related issues and other social constructions into a national- scale development program, Bangladesh's Flood Action Plan (FAP). The p rogram, b ased o n t hirty different studies of f looding in B angladesh, b egan in 1989 and ended in 1995. Every phase of the FAP, which was originally intended as an engineering and planning exercise, was marked by complex machinations of several economic, political, and social interest groups. In response to criticism, a Gender Study was added to one c omponent of the FAP, the Flood Response Study, in 1991. The results o f t he Gender Study focused attention o n t he unrecognized role of women in agricultural production. Although the effects of the Gender Study on the FAP were mixed, it may serve to broaden the social perspective of future development programs.


In recent years, a number of research groups have implemented various versions of virtual world concept [2, 4, 6, 7]. A common thread among these virtual worlds is a direct manipulation user interface paradigm based on a glove device with the position and orientation of the hand registered by a tracking device. To explore this paradigm, a new project at IBM Research was started in 1989 to build a virtual laboratory for scientists and engineers. Our first step is to integrate the glove and space tracking devices with the real time graphics on a graphics superworkstation. A simple bouncing ball virtual world has been created to test underlying software and fine tune interactive performance.Our initial emphasis is placed on understanding the limitations of various system components and getting the best interactive performance from the system. With current state of technology, the glove and tracking devices can generate much more data than the graphics update process can utilize. Both the rendering process and the processes handling the device serial ports are CPU intensive. Our first design problem is how to distribute the processing and match the incoming data rates of input devices with the update rate of the graphics. After a new position from the tracker is received by the graphics, it is displayed only at the next frame update time giving the appearance that the hand image always lags behind the motion of the real hand. Our second design problem is to use techniques to compensate for this inherent lag time. This abstract describes the specific approaches we use to solve these problems and some useful insight gained in experimenting with lag time reduction by position prediction.


The value of sports and physical education has traditionally been significant in Finland. Education towards citizenship has drawn strength influences for example from skiing, shooting and Finnish baseball. In the mid 20th century Finnish sports culture widened when Japanese martial arts started to land on Finnish soil. As they arrived, these sports brought new original values, etiquettes and methods with them. In this article, education towards citizenship is being viewed through children's training in three Japanese martial arts: aikido, judo and karate. Research material for the article was collected with surveys. Surveys targeted on 14 coaches in 6 clubs which were located in Eastern Finland. Along with the education towards citizenship, the article also concentrates on the socialization of junior trainees. Rules that children are taught to follow in training go alongside with more general norms that society expects young people to learn. To mention same, children are taught how to co-operate, respect others and develop methods of self-control. Children's training in the Japanese martial arts does not only consist of physical exercises. The syllabus also includes Oriental philosophy which diversifies and enriches the meaning of Japanese martial arts in the field of education towards citizenship.


Preparatory programs for educational administration in the United States are in a state of ferment. Most university-based departments of educational administration are seriously reviewing their offerings and many are redesigning their programs t o meet the needs of leaders of the nation's schools. The redesign effort at the State University of New York at Buffalo has been underway since 1968. If colleagial feedback is an accurate indicator, i t is one of the program redesign efforts that other departments have examined as they initiated their own projects. The three main sections of this paper-the contextual setting, the process of program redesign, and the substance of that effort in its present form-are presented in the hope that the discussion will be useful to others anticipating changes in their programs.


As Taiwan's information technology systems manufacturers to develop its own brand business, and the proportion of the OEM & ODM business gradually decreased as the proportion of own-brand business increased, but the way to develop new products in own-brand business is quite different from the way in OEM business, a innovative own-brand manufacturers usually generate the new product concepts or specifications by itself to make differentiation from other competitors. If someone just follow the concepts or specifications written on the orders by clients or imitating what others have done before, the new products are non- uniqueness to consumers, and firms can't build strong consumer brand image and brand identity, does not comply with the objectives of the development of own-brand. Taking a look at global brand IT firms like SONY and Apple, we can find that they have their representative products, and the concepts and specifications of products are generated and defined by firms their self. Thus, how to make concepts of innovative products becomes the purpose of this study. In recent years, Taiwan's computer company ASUS launched its new product in 2007,and the Japanese gamesole company Nintendo launched its new product in 2006, both products were successful and made a great impact on the market, contributed so much to their brand image, and became each firm's representative product. So these two products are qualified to be the cases of this study. For these two cases, the use of qualitative case study approach, through the collection of secondary data and interviews with company information to make up for lack of secondary data, trying to find out the new product development team of these two companies how to generate concepts of new product and the relation between new product development project and market environment at that time. The result of this study indicate that two companies both have motivations to change their market competition, want to create new markets then enter new markets through earlier access to get advantage and enforce market competitiveness. Some dimension of products already on the market in technology performance oversupply situation at that time, so the case companies are user-centered rather than following the industry usual technology planning path of pursuing performance and function, taking the consumer responses and concepts of products already on market as reference and the user information obtained by new product developer to generate product concepts. Although there is no user involved in the beginning of new product development, developer also can get user information because they also represent a kind of user, observe user daily lifestyle and even hold a user test with prototype in the later of new product development. Furthermore, the study results also indicate that if there is no strong corporate culture like "like no others", a new product development team which is independent of the mainstream mode of operation of the existing organization and culture, and with cross-department members will contribute to product innovation.


General and special education are confronting tremendous change resulting from legal mandates related to closing the achievement gap under No Child Left Behind and a focus on early intervention and prevention in the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, 2004. As a result, schoolwide intervention approaches are under rapid development, evaluation, and implementation across the country. Based on these approaches, the authors present a conceptual model for redefining special educators as interventionists who focus on the adoption and use of evidence-based, schoolwide academic and behavioral interventions. Examples of the roles and responsibilities for interventionists within the schoolwide model are provided.


Excerpt INTRODUCTION Hypertension varies strikingly in its clinical course. One of the unexplained vagaries of this condition is the fact that in some instances the disease may be most benign, with...


To the Editor, Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6), a T‐cell lymphotropic virus, is the sixth recognized member belonging to the Herpesviridae family and has been identified as the etiologic agent of exanthem subitum (Zahorsky's disease, sixth disease, and roseola infantum), a common childhood disease. HHV‐6 infection can reactivate in immunocompromised or in immunocompetent adults and may cause encephalitis, interstitial pneumonia, and myocarditis with a high mortality rate, especially in fragile patients, although these effects occurred less frequently in immunocompetent hosts. Fulminant myocarditis is an acute inflammation of the myocardium that could manifest itself with unspecific symptoms like fatigue and shortness of breath or chest discomfort. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment are often delayed with a worse prognosis. Many viruses can cause fulminant myocarditis, including Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, parvovirus B19, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), HHV 6 and, more recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Here, we report a fatal case of HHV‐6‐related fulminant myocarditis with interstitial pneumonia and necrotizing vasculitis in an immunocompetent adult. A 59‐year‐old man was admitted to the hospital for fever and dyspnea for 3 days, resistant to therapy with antibiotic and antipyretic. His medical history showed hypertension and obesity. At admission, the clinical examination revealed: temperature of 37.7°C, heart rate of 115/min, blood pressure of 120/85mmHg, oxygen saturation 93%, bilateral decreased breath sounds, and lower right leg reddened. Standard hematologic tests and blood chemistries showed increased levels of c‐reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count of 14 100/μL with neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia, elevated levels of troponin (115 06 ng/L), transaminase, and bilirubin. Chest computed tomography showed: parenchymal thickenings with aerial bronchogram localized on the right lung's apex and middle lobe, diffuse and bilateral "ground glass" areas, pleural and pericardial effusions, and lymphadenopathy. That nonspecific clinical picture was compatible with different viral infections, including COVID‐19. However, the patient presented two nasopharyngeal swabs negative for SARS‐CoV‐2. The following day the fever was down but the oxygen saturation was still lower than normal. An electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia and echocardiogram confirmed the pericardial effusion without signs of cardiac tamponade and revealed an ejection fraction of 60%. On the third‐day blood chemistries confirmed the neutrophilic leucocytosis and showed a further increase of aspartate aminotransferase (133U/L), alanine aminotransferase (205U/L), and high D‐dimer level (3446 ng/mL). During the same day, the patient suddenly died of cardiac arrest. During the short hospitalization, the patient was treated with antibiotics (clarithromycin, ceftriaxone, and hydroxychloroquine) and heparin. To determine the cause of death a complete post‐mortem examination was performed at the INMI L. Spallanzani‐IRCCS Hospital (Rome, Italy). The study was approved by the local ethics committee (Ethics Committee approval number 9/2020). Whole body post‐mortem examination was performed according to guidance for post‐mortem and collection and submission of specimens and biosafety practices, to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious pathogens during and after the post‐mortem examination. Since SARS‐CoV‐2 is classified as a BSL3 organism, specific operating procedures for BSL3 pathogens were followed. Autopsies were performed in a specific COVID‐19 designated autopsy room with airflow control and airborne infection control procedures including use of appropriated PPE (i.e., NIOSH‐certified disposable N‐95 respirator). Macroscopic findings revealed pleural effusion (about 250 and 500mL respectively on the left and the right) and pericardial (500mL) reddish‐tinted fluids, typically due to blood effusion. Lungs were significantly increased in volume and consistency with diffuse pleural thickening; cut surface showed consolidation of lobes and red congested areas. Bronchi were dilated and pulmonary vasculature showed no blood clots or local thrombosis. The heart showed increased size and weight (500 g) with


The invention provides a small-diameter artificial vascular graft preparation method based on electrostatic spinning. The method includes: preparing a polymer spinning solution; filling a spinning solution injection device with the prepared spinning solution and regulating a spinning solution flow speed; selecting a corresponding receiving bar according to preparation requirements and mounting the receiving bar on a rotary receiving device; adjusting a receiving distance; enabling the receiving bar to ground, turning on a high-voltage static generator to regulate static spinning voltage, and providing a high field between a nozzle and the receiving bar through a high-voltage power source; powering off after preparation is completed, demounting the receiving bar and taking down an artificial vascular graft prepared by spinning. The small-diameter artificial vascular graft preparation method based on electrostatic spinning is simple, and the inner wall of the artificial vascular graft prepared based on electrostatic spinning is provided with a spiral groove, so that flow wall shear force in the artificial vascular graft can be enhanced, harmful substances deposited in blood on the artificial vascular graft wall are reduced, and long-term graft patency of the artificial vascular graft, particularly the small-diameter artificial vascular graft, is improved.


Populations of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in one coastal and two montane lakes were characterized by a relatively stable age structure, approximately 50% annual mortality, maximum longevity of 7 yr, and close to linear growth beginning at age 1 or age 2. In contrast, populations in subalpine lakes were characterized by an unstable age structure, large annual variation in recruitment, maximum longevity of 13 yr or more, and growth patterns that were either asymptotic, complex, or linear. Age structure and thus year-class strength was directly related to cumulative summer temperature in one subalpine lake (r = 0.71, N = 11), and in others, strong year-classes were often associated with warm summers. These analyses indicate that the magnitude of recruitment in subalpine lakes was either primarily or at least partly due to annual differences in summer temperature. Longevity was inversely related to midsummer water temperature.


The use of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) to improve short‐range forecasts by the analysis of cloud variables is presented. After the retrieval of cloud microphysical variables, a one‐dimensional (1D) version of the French convective scale model AROME is used here to discuss the persistence of the cloudy increment in the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. The analysis of cloud variables is shown to significantly improve the forecasts of cloud variables, temperature and humidity during 3 h. This maintenance of the cloud information in the NWP model is expected to have a high impact on the forecasts of clouds and heavy rainfall events.


The operation Safak SPV will hold 60% of the shares of Safak Holding. Safak SPV is indirectly controlled by The Julius Baer Group, Amber Master Fund SPC and Deutsche Investitions-und…


In this paper, literature, questionnaires, methods and mathematical statistics and logical analysis of the situation Xiangyang City 12 fitness club operators, membership marketing staff and fitness coaches are analyzed in detail. The results show that most of the various health clubs in the bustling streets of downtown branch, fitness club operators lack of fitness concepts, membership marketers do not know enough to fitness areas,poor comprehensive ability fitness coaches. Recommendation: Xiangyang City Fitness Association established the relevant administrative departments to strengthen exchanges and jointly promote each fitness club fitness Xiangyang market. Pay more attention to the health club each separated by a distance, providing convenience for members to strengthen membership marketing people with professional skills and knowledge to improve personal fitness trainer comprehensive capabilities for fitness enthusiasts Guidelines for scientific and effective fitness path.


This study to find out how brand awareness in CFC Bandung, how consumer purchasing decisions in CFC Bandung, and how the influence of brand awareness of purchasing decisions in CFC Bandung. This research is done by using quantitative method with descriptive data analysis. The number of samples in this study was 117 consumers who ever made a purchase in CFC Bandung. Test this instrument, reliability test, hypothesis test, simple regression. The results show that brand awareness has influence with  49% by having a significant positive relationship is very strong. Brand awareness has a simple linear regression value of 0.370. This means that brand awareness increases one unit, the consumer purchasing decisions will increase by 0.370 units. This study shows that brand awareness has an influence on consumer purchasing decision in CFC Bandung.


The term 'Accounts Receivable' is defined as 'debt owed to the firm by customers arising from sale of goods or services". The word 'Account Receivables' is also known as 'Sundry Debtors' or 'Trade Debtors' or 'Book Debts'. The Sundry Debtors may be defined as "money due from a customer for sale of goods or services in the ordinary course of business". The groups are named Group A which includes companies with turnover more than one thousand crores, Group B includes companies with turnover more than five hundred crores but less than one hundred crores, Group C includes companies with turnover more than one hundred crores but less than five hundred crores and finally Group D includes companies with turnover less than one hundred crores. The list of companies under each groups along with their annual turnover in rupees and dollars are presented in the tables in the name of 1 (A), 1 (B),1 (C) and 1 (D) respectively.


The main problem of modern total hip replacement is the reduction of wear debris. Hence, new tribological partners such as ceramic on ceramic, metal on highly crosslinked polyethylene and metal on metal have evolved. Of these new combinations metal on metal has the longest history. The early problems of high friction using a "micro-fit" between acetabulum and femoral head have been solved by introducing an optimal clearance between the head and the cup to allow for small deformations of the acetabulum during activities without locking. The annual wear rate of metal on metal combinations has been shown to be extremely low ranging from 2 to 5 micrometers/year only. A further advantage of Metasul may be the "wearing in of small scratches" as well as forgiving slight malpositions of the acetabulum, which is not the case in ceramic – ceramic combinations. However, Metasul should not be implanted in patients with renal failure or severe allergies. Metal-metail pairing has proven a valuable alternative in young and active patients over the last 10 years.


This paper deals with the design of output feedback for multivariable (MIMO) linear discrete-time systems subject to actuator saturation. The saturation is included in a convex hull and a saturation-dependent Lyapunov function is used to ensure stability of the closed-loop. The guaranteed domain of attraction is enlarged by an iterative algorithm using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). In numerical examples, the new approach is compared to the state of the art methods. Therefore, quadratic and saturation-dependent Lyapunov functions are used. It is shown that the new approach leads to less conservative results in both cases. Even with quadratic Lyapunov functions, the new approach provides less conservative results than existing methods with saturation-dependent Lyapunov functions.


Punch shear in unidirectional composites is induced by transverse shear loading that progressively perforates the laminate within a narrow shear annulus. At lower micromechanical length scales, punch shear loading creates unique micromechanical damage mechanisms dominated by transverse fiber shear failure, fiber–matrix interphase debonding and large inelastic deformation and cracking of the matrix. A new punch shear experimental method has been developed to test unidirectional S glass/DER353 epoxy composite ribbons at sub-millimeter length scale. The experimental data consist of a statistical measurement of the continuum response (load-deformation and punch shear strength) and the characterization of micromechanical damage modes. A simplified 2D micromechanical finite element model incorporating Weibull fiber strength distribution has been developed and correlated with the experimental data. The 2D micromechanical finite element model can simulate the punch shear failure of the ribbon incorporating mixed mode fiber fracture, and fiber–matrix debonding mechanisms using zero thickness cohesive elements. Results from stochastic simulations of punch shear experiments show that an equivalent 2D micromechanical finite element model can predict the micromechanical damage mechanisms and the statistical distribution of punch shear strength of the continuum with favorable correlation with the experiments. This paper presents a combined experimental and computational approach in simulating the stochastic non-linear progressive punch shear behavior of unidirectional composites for the first time in the literature.


This paper gives a comprehensive discussion of the dynamic data collecting methods of a body in motion,adopting the surface dynamic pressure of a revolving body as a subject to be measured respectively with three methods--remote measure collection ,single-chip computer storage and collecting-ring numerical transmission The results prove the three methods applicable to collecting the dynamic pressure test of a body in motion,each having special features and dynamic collection,complete with the ground-powered collecting ring


This paper presents the development and national deployment of hydro-meteorological monitoring devices, termed as HydroMet Stations, for flood warning and monitoring applications. We describe various challenges encountered during the course of implementation particularly those related to transportation, local logistics, location, and security. We also discussed lessons learned such as the early involvement of stakeholders, the modification of the design to further protect the sensors from observed issues that came up during implementation, as well as those related to local community engagements. Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Campaign was also discussed as a mode of information dissemination to communities for the currently deployed system consisting of 1,834 HydroMet stations. Likewise, various instances and use cases were enumerated stemming from end-users that have utilized the data for use in public service, research, and academic work. This includes government agencies, research institutes, academia, and other government-funded projects. Finally, a set of recommendations and next steps relevant to operation and further system improvements were discussed.


tag=1 data=An introductory program on Aboriginal culture and health for non-Aboriginal health staff working in remote communities in the Top End of the NT

tag=2 data=Mathews, Coralie%Collins, Louisa%Weeramanthri, Tarun%Nienhuys, Terry

tag=3 data=Aboriginal Health Information Bulletin,

tag=5 data=18

tag=6 data=December 1993

tag=7 data=21-25.

tag=8 data=HEALTH%ABORIGINAL CULTURE%ABORIGINAL COMMUNITIES

tag=10 data=The delivery of effective health care in remote Aboriginal communities is hampered by a lack of culturally appropriate education and training of non-Aboriginal health professionals.

tag=11 data=1994/6/6

tag=12 data=94/0394

tag=13 data=CAB


Agriculture resources reflected to be one of the most imperative renewable and dynamic natural resources. Agricultural sustainability has the premier priority in all countries, whether developed or developing. Cropping system analysis is indispensable for grinding the sustainability of agricultural science. Crop alternation is stated as growing one crop after another on the same piece of land in altered timings (seasons) without prejudicing the soil fertility. The study has been conducted for Fatehabad district of Haryana State of Indo-Gangetic plains in India. This paper generated cropping pattern and crop rotation maps of Fatehabad district. Multi-date IRS LISS-III digital data of different cropping seasons of 2007-08 have been used for this study. The present study relies on data from remote sensing combined with ground observations. Multi-date images of Rabi season images were geo-referenced using master images. Multi-date images of Kharif and single date image of summer seasons were geo-referenced with geo-referenced Rabi season image using image-to-image registrations and nearest neighborhood resampling method was applied. Multilayer stack were prepared for Kharif and Rabi cropping seasons. Stacked images of different seasons were classified using complete enumeration approach and unsupervised ISO-Data clustering classifier with district outside and non-agriculture mask based on some defined conditions


UDP-D-galactose 4-epimerase of the unicellular red alga Galdieria sulphuraria has been purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity by chromatography on DEAE-Fractogel, hydroxylapatite and by affinity chromatography on Dyematrex Orange. The holoenzyme is a homodimer with an apparent molecular mass of 83 and 76 kDa as determined by gelfiltration and by sucrose gradient centrifugation, respectively. The size of the subunits was 42 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 4-epimerase from G. sulphuraria does not require extemal NAD for activity, unlike the enzyme from some other organisms, and inhibition by NADH was not observed. The apparent K m for UDP-D-galactose was 64 μM. The pH optimum was at 8 and the apparent equilibrium constant for UDP-Glc/UDP-Gal was 3.5. The enzyme in crude as well as in purified samples was unusually stable and was not inactivated even on incubation at 46°C for several hours.


A new method for power system dynamic stability assessment (DSA) is proposed in this paper. The approach is applied the unsupervised concept to clustering the training set and only used the power system steady state quantities. In this technique, the clustering strategy is adaptive to different data shapes, which utilizes residual value index to objectively estimate whether a subspace contains data structure information and the hierarchical process can guarantee our algorithm effective for data set with different figures. The cluster representation is only dependent on external samples, thus can be easily stored and used to build a classification algorithm. Besides, our method accepts new training samples conveniently by only analyzing those new sample points on the base of the obtained clustering results. Application results on power system DSA problem show its merits as an unsupervised clustering algorithm and thus can be treated as a tool for DSA.


Results from a high-speed photographic study of low-velocity impact cracking of optically transparent acrylic resin and poly(methyl methacrylate) spheres of 12.7mm diameter are described. It is shown that, in a sphere undergoing an impact, cracking occurs after the sphere has been plastically deformed. The point of initiation of cracking is shown to be located at the circle of contact between the sphere and the impacting platen. The cracking then develops throughout the sphere, with cracks attaining velocities of 600-800ms-1. It has been suggested that crack initiation at the contact circle is caused by the tensile circumferential stress, which is generated owing to the plastic flow of the sphere.


We perform an error analysis in both strong and weak senses for D-leaping scheme of chemical reactions with delays within the framework of stochastic delay differential equations (SDDEs). In order ...


The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser woodcutting has been used as an alternative to traditional
wood machining processes. Smaller kerf width and non-contact machining were among
the advantages and unique features of laser woodcutting. On the other hand, conventional
wood machining such as sawing involves the application of force to separate chips from
the workpiece until the desired size of workpiece is achieved.
The focus of this research is to study and identify the quality of CO2 laser woodcutting.
Various species of Malaysian wood have been used for this study. The initial experiment
was carried out by studying the dimensional accuracy and material removal rate which
reveals the trend of the laser woodcutting process. [Continues.]


A method of electrolytically producing acid water using an electrolytic cell partitioned by a cation-exchange membrane into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber. Chloride ion which generates hypochlorous acid by anodic oxidation is Supplied to the cathode chamber without directly Supplying chloride ion to the anode chamber. Part of the chloride ion permeates from the cathode chamber into the anode chamber through the cation-exchange membrane. The chloride ion which permeates through the cation-exchange membrane is present at the Surface of an anode closely adhering to the cation-exchange membrane in the anode chamber or only in the vicinity of the anode, and is efficiently anodically oxidized to form hypochlorite ion. Also disclosed is an electrolytic cell for carrying out the method of electrolyti cally producing acid water.


Abstract We propose hydrodynamical equations for twisted S *. One dissipative cross coupling plays exactly the same role as the permanent polarization.


Emotion is the core in the work of class teachers. Love of teachers is the source of energy that makes a class teacher's work inspiring. Zeal is a basic requisite in communication with students. Communication is an effective way of expressing the emotions in the work.


In this paper, we extend the work of Chen and Zhang (1999b) and establish a new suucient condition for the existence of the (conventional) diiusion approximation for mul-ticlass queueing networks under priority service disciplines. This suucient condition relates to the weak stability of the uid networks and the stability of the high priority classes of the uid networks that correspond to the queueing networks under consideration. Using this suucient condition, we prove the existence of the diiusion approximation for the last-buuer-rst-served reentrant lines. We also study a three-station network example, and observe that the diiusion approximation may not exist, even if the \proposed" limiting semimartingale reeected Brownian motion (SRBM) exists.


In China,educational supple falls short of,or does not meet educational demand.The main reason that gives rise to this contradiction is the improper adjustment of educational supply and demand.So the disposition of educational resources must be optimized to make education supply more effective.


This research aimed to determine the role of rice husk ash as pozzolanic material in reducing water absorption of rice husk cement composite. Rice husk ash obtained by burning rice husk conventionally in kiln drum. Preparation of water absorption testing samples was conducted according to ASTM C 140, while ASTM C 90 used to evaluate the desired water absorption. Rice husk ash as of 40 % significantly reduced water absorption of the composite, but only rice husk ash of 20 % dan 30 % fulfilled the ASTM C 90 requirement. Addition of lime in the mixture increased the water absorption.

Key words: pozzolamic, water absorption, rick husk, rice husk ash.


All the Letters to the Editor in this issue appear in the same postscript or PDF file. Contents Transformation of C3H 10T-1/2 cells by low doses of ionising radiation B R Scott Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, PO Box 5890, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA Reply from: A J Milla, D Bettegab, D Frankenbergc, L Hieberd, M M Lehanee, C J Robertsf and A Sarang a Faculty of Applied Sciences, Frenchay Campus, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK b Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy c Klinische Strahlenbiologie und Klinische Strahlenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, von Siebold-Straße 3, 3400 Göttingen, Germany d Institut für Strahlenbiologie, GSF - Forschungzentrum, Ingolstadter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, München, Germany e CRC Department of Medical Oncology, Paterson Institute of Cancer Research, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, UK f Biotechnology Services, AEA Technology plc, 353 Harwell Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RA, UK g Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente, CRE-Casaccia, Settore AMB-BIO, C.P. 2400, 00100 Roma, Italy


12 Vibrational spectroscopy enables subtle details of the molecular structure of kapundaite to be 13 determined. Single crystals of a pure phase from a Brazilian pegmatite were used. Kapundaite 14 is the Fe 3+ member of the wardite group. The infrared and Raman spectroscopy were applied 15 to compare the structure of kapundaite with wardite. The Raman spectrum of kapundaite in 16 the 800 to 1400 cm -1 spectral range shows two intense bands at 1089 and 1114cm -1 assigned 17 to the ν 1 PO 43- symmetric stretching vibrations. The observation of two bands provides 18 evidence for the non-equivalence of the phosphate units in the kapundaite structure. The 19 infrared spectrum of kapundaite in the 500 to 1300 cm -1 shows much greater complexity than 20 the Raman spectrum. Strong infrared bands are found at 966, 1003 and 1036 cm -1 and are 21 attributed to the ν 1 PO 43- symmetric stretching mode and ν 3 PO 43- antisymmetric stretching 22 mode. Raman bands in the ν 4 out of plane bending modes of the PO 43- unit support the 23 concept of non-equivalent phosphate units in the kapundaite structure. . 24 In the 2600 to 3800 cm -1 spectral range, Raman bands for kapundaite are found at 2905, 25 3151, 3311, 3449 and 3530 cm -1 . These bands are broad and are assigned to OH stretching 26 vibrations. Broad infrared bands are also found at 2904, 3105, 3307, 3453 and 3523 cm -1 and 27 are attributed to water. Raman spectroscopy complimented with infrared spectroscopy has 28 enabled aspects of the structure of kapundaite to be ascertained and compared with that of 29 other phosphate minerals.


When it comes to cognition, many studies addressed the effects of low B12 levels on deteriorating cognitive function, specifically targeting dementia and Alzheimer's disease. A study found that individuals suffering from Alzheimer's were more likely to have low serum B12 levels [4]. In another longitudinal Swedish study, Low B12 and foliate concentrations posed an increased risk in the development of Alzheimer's disease [5].


In order to evaluate the effect of seed Osmopriming by using PEG6000 priming media on germination behavior and seed vigor of soybean (cultivar 033) an experiment was conducted at Seed analysis laboratory of agricultural and natural resources center of Sari, Iran. Seeds were primed with six levels of Poly ethylene glycol (PEG6000) as priming media (distilled water as control, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, -1.6 and-2 MPa) for 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours at 25°C. Experimental units were arranged factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. Dry soybean seeds considered as a control treatment (non primed). Results of variance analysis made clear that different osmotic potential and priming duration had significant effect on germination percentage, mean germination time, germination index, and the time to get 50% germination, seed vigor and electrical conductivity of seeds. Also -1.2 MPa osmotic potential increased germination percentages, germination index and seed vigor meanwhile decreased mean germination time, the time to get 50% germination and electrical conductivity of seeds. Also it was observed that 12 h priming duration had most effect on studied traits as-1.2 MPa osmotic potential treatment. Generally primed seeds showed better condition than control treatment in aspect of studied criteria.


Development training is restricted by many factors in spreading.Through surveying and interviewing,combining with project characteristics of development training as well as taking its development situation in China into consideration.,the paper analyses he restricted factors,and puts forward some countermeasures to promote its development in colleges and universities.


I propose a semiparametric asset pricing model to measure how consumption and dividend policies depend on unobserved state variables, such as economic uncertainty and risk aversion. Under a flexible specification of the stochastic discount factor, the state variables are recovered from cross-sections of asset prices and volatility proxies, and the shape of the policy functions is identified from the pricing functions. The model leads to closed-form pricedividend ratios under polynomial approximations of the unknown functions and affine state variable dynamics. In the empirical application uncertainty and risk aversion are separately identified from size-sorted stock portfolios exploiting the heterogeneous impact of uncertainty on dividend policies. I find an asymmetric and convex response in consumption (−) and dividend growth (+) towards uncertainty shocks, which together with moderate uncertainty aversion, can generate large leverage effects and divergence between macroeconomic and stock market volatility.


We introduce the flexible approach for determining agents' orientation on ontology mappings (FDO), which provides a flexible mechanism for agents to decide whether or not they support an argument about a mapping. Whilst this results in agents relaxing some preferences over suitable mappings, it produces a larger consensus of possible mappings due to the generation of a greater number of arguments in favour of the candidate mappings (compared to Laera et al.'s MbA approach), and better reflects the agents preferences than when only a single threshold and preference value are used.


An ammonium-oxidizing chemolithotroph has been isolated from Alaskan waters that is different from any of the previously described species. The cells are 2.0–4.0 μm long and 1.2–2.2 μm wide. The cells contain flattened peripheral membranes that often expand, forming spherical structures near the ends of the cells. The cytomembrane structure is significantly different from any described species. The organism is an obligate halophile. The mol% G + C is 45.8, and DNA–DNA hybridization results indicate that the isolate is a new species; the name Nitrosomonas cryotolerans is proposed.


Kripke-style semantics is suggested for the provability logic with
quantifiers on proofs corresponding to the standard Godel proof predicate.
It is proved that the set of valid formulas is decidable. The
arithmetical completeness is still an open issue.


Matlab is widely applied in science and engineering calculation, as a public elective course which is opened for engineering students in the school. We described the choice of course content, teaching method, the final examination and other aspects, and aimed to stimulate the student's interest, improve the passion of learning, divergent thinking, grasp the software quickly and use it to solve problems encountered in the study.


A method for objective evaluation of a complex of histological changes of esophageal mucosa is proposed for increasing the reliability of the diagnosis. The method is based on the determination of quantitative similarity of the histological changes detected in the patient with the reference ones. This enables the histomorphologist to overcome the difficulties encountered in determining the degree of intensity of the inflammatory process and to apply computer techniques to timely and correct diagnosis of reflux esophagitis.


The study of conflict and conflict situations in sports teams is an important part in the administration work. Any organization consists of a number of people who are its staff members. They are characterized by the presence of individual and corporate goals and objectives, which should be linked with the organizational ones.The article analyzes the peculiarities of the staff of sports organizations and identifies the types of conflicts.The allocated types of conflict management define the features of administrative decisions: the accuracy of determining the duties and responsibilities of all the employees and departments as well as the presentation of the common requirements to work on the basis of the official duties of employees.


The invention is a device for measuring length intervals. This device comprises at least two laser sources (1a, 1b), a computer (5), an emitter (8) emits a wave wave capable of being reflected by an obstacle (6), a receiver (9) wave receiving the wave reflected by the obstacle (6) at least one motor (7) each resulting in the radiation direction (2a, 2b) of each laser source, the computer (5) controlling the motor (7) according to the length interval and the distance between the device and the obstacle (6). The invention also relates to a method using the device.


We present a list of frequencies, term values, Einstein A values, and assignments for the pure rotational transitions of the X2Pi state of the OH molecule. This list includes transitions from 3 to 2015/cm for Delta-v = 0, v-double-prime = 0-4, and J-double-prime = 0.5-49.5. The A values were computed using recent advances in calculating wave functions for a coupled system and an experimentally derived electric dipole moment function (Nelson et al., 1990) which exhibits curvature.


The aim of this work was to evaluate the spirulina dry biomass which is known as greater protein and amino acids source in blue green algae as an innovative ingredient for newly formulated produced chocolates for baby and children diets. Children have great need for nutrients such as calcium, iron, zinc, protein and vitamin B12. Spirulina satisfies your child's nutritional need by providing all these nutrients as well as essential amino acids. Spirulina species has several pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, metalloprotective as well as immunostimulant and antioxidant effects due to its rich content of protein, polysaccharide, lipid, essential amino acids, dietary minerals and vitamins.


* We would like to thank Andrew Mason, Gerard Russo, Robert Retherford, Timothy Halliday, Francois-Charles Wolff, Peter Orazem, Comfort Sumida, Kimberly Burnett, and seminar participants at University of Hawaii and the Global Conference in Education Research Results in Prague, for their comments. Ronald Lee, Carl Boe, Walter W. McMahon, Gustavo de Santis, Robert Sparrow, and Edward C. Norton provided us with helpful programs or suggestions. Susenas data sets are obtained from the Center for the Economics and Demography of Aging, University of California at Berkeley through two NIA grants, R01-AG025488-01 and R01AG025247.


The digitalization of visual form has rapidly developed with the favor of technology change;it has been enhanced its quality in terms of diversity and virtual reality of the visual form. No doubt, traditional performance art can be turned into virtual form by the applications of computer software and hardware. Furthermore, it is the first step to turn the traditional arts into digital archives. This thesis has introduced the applications of virtual technology by simulating the lighting effects of traditional Shadow Puppet Shows. In addition, the author has utilized Autodesk Maya 2008, a three-dimensional drawing platform, to perform the simulation process so as to test the effectiveness of texturing. Also, by implementing Hypershade technique along with texturing applications, the processes of the virtual digital art can be revealed. This thesis has also employed Hypershade and 3DTexture technique to upgrade 2D painting texture into three-dimensional quality. Besides, setting the lighting makes the creations shown better. The effects have been verified by animation experiments.


The study examined the psychometric properties of the South African (isiXhosa) version of the European Task Force for Patient Evaluation of General Practice (EUROPEP) instrument. A total of 19,136 patients who visited 266 primary care practices in three districts in the Eastern Cape of South Africa completed the EUROPEP, a measure of patient satisfaction with care. The data were analyzed for reliability and construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis yielded three different sub-dimensions: medical technical content of care, patient-provider communication, and practice organisation. The reliability of the items and of the different sub-scales was high. The EUROPEP instrument can be a valuable instrument in assessing patients' evaluations of primary health care in South Africa.


This data collection makes machine readable extensive data from the reports of southern state superintendents of education, generally for years divisible by 5, from 1880 to 1910, and merges it with political data. Similar reports of state comptrollers were also sources. Everything is on the county level. The data are from eight ex-Confederate states, namely Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Virginia.
 The purpose of the collection was to assess the changes in the distribution of educational goals by race and class. For example, what effects did the disfranchisement of blacks and poor whites have on the pattern of educational expenditures?
 Files in this collection are organized by state and within each state by files with extensions indicated respectively by COD, DOC and DAT. Files with the .COD extension list the counties and the county code abbreviations used in the corresponding data files. Files with the .DOC extension describe the wealth and educational data given in the corresponding DATA files. The .DOC files are organized in groups of 6 to correspond with the structure of the .DAT files. Files with the .DAT extension list the numeric educational and wealth data values corresponding to the description given in the .DOC files. Files with the .BAK extension appear to be backups of .DAT files, although some .BAK files may differ slightly from the corresponding original .DAT files. The primary publication resulting from this data collection:
 Kousser, J. M. (1980). Progressivism - For Middle-Class Whites Only: North Carolina Education, 1880-1910. The Journal of Southern History, 46(2), 169-194.


The invention unit main heat to cool the high-temperature cooling water; Secondary radiator for cooling the low-temperature cooling water; And the insulation board to the main radiator and added the auxiliary heat-dissipating block the heat exchanger; including, but the auxiliary heat-dissipating unit relates to a radiator which is arranged to cross the main heat radiating portion, according to the present invention the radiator vehicle can be secured to the front part crash space, it is possible to reduce the size of the radiator, the air resistance is reduced it is possible to improve fuel economy.


Polyetheretherketone(PEEK)/ multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWNTs) composites with different mass ratios were prepared by solid alloying;the condensed structures were observed by field emission scanning electron microscope;melt endothermic peaks,melt enthalpy and AC electrical properties of two kinds of composites prepared by slow cooling and rapid cooling were compared.The results showed that MWNT could be cut short and dispersed well in PEEK matrix by solid alloying,which was benefit to form condensed;the formation of low temperature crystal phase increased with the addition of MWNT;the melting peak of low temperature crystal phase became more significant with MWNT content increasing;the rapid cooling process decreased the crystallinity and broadened the crystal size distribution,which made conductive network of MWNT with different lengths formed between crystals with different sizes,so the resistance and percolation threshold decreased;the AC electrical property parameters of PEEK/MWNT composites changed with frequency and MWNT content regularly,but there were different critical frequencies and percolation thresholds in the composites prepared by different cooling rates.


Pain is an unpleasant sensory experience, associated with existing or potential tissue damage. It has also strong cognitive and emotional components. Stimuli that causes pain goes through process of nociception, which includes transduction, transmission, modulation and perception of said stimuli. Depending on the type of stimuli, we can classify human experimental pain models into mechanical, electrical, thermal and chemical. Information about pain mechanisms can be obtained from the following: 1) in vitro studies, 2) animal experiments, 3) human experimental pain studies and 4) clinical studies. Chosing the appropriate method for pain evaluation is a key step in the design of pain studies. Combining it with different electro-physiological and imaging methods, it can provide better objectivity and quantification of pain mechanisms. Focus in experimental pain studies is slowly shifting from static parameters of pain, such as pain threshold and maximum tolerance, to dynamic parameters, which can give us valuable insight in function of endogenous analgesic systems. This can be done using conditioned pain modulation. Using experimental pain on healthy voulenteers is key step in switching from animal models to clinical studies, foremost for validization of data from animals, making them important in translational research. Results from experimental pain studies can help us in understanding nociceptive mechanisms of acute and chronic pain, alongside development of new therapeutic modalities.


The present article was about the drug interaction of Tramadol and its relationship with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) that can cause a Serotonin Syndrome. The aim of the study was to analyze the nature of the interaction between


Interaction of CO2, Nd:YAG, excimer and high power diode laser (HPDL) radiation with the surface of an Al2O3/SiO2 based ceramic was found to affect significant changes in the wettability characteristics of the material. It was observed that interaction with CO2, Nd:YAG and HPDL radiation reduced the enamel contact angle from 118° to 31°, 34° and 33° respectively. In contrast, interaction with excimer laser radiation resulted an increase in the contact angle to 121°. Such changes were identified as being due to: (i) the melting and partial vitrification of the Al2O3/SiO2 based ceramic surface as a result of interaction with CO2, Nd:YAG HPDL radiation, (ii) the surface roughness of the Al2O3/SiO2 based ceramic increasing after interaction with excimer laser radiation, (iii) the relative surface oxygen content of the Al2O3/SiO2 based ceramic increasing after interaction with CO2, Nd:YAG and HPDL radiation. The work has shown that the wettability characteristics of the Al2O3/SiO2 based ceramic could be controlled and/or modified with laser surface treatment. Moreover, it was found that changes in the wettability characteristics of the Al2O3/SiO2 based ceramic are related to the effects of laser wavelength, that is whether the wavelength of the laser radiation has the propensity to cause surface melting.Interaction of CO2, Nd:YAG, excimer and high power diode laser (HPDL) radiation with the surface of an Al2O3/SiO2 based ceramic was found to affect significant changes in the wettability characteristics of the material. It was observed that interaction with CO2, Nd:YAG and HPDL radiation reduced the enamel contact angle from 118° to 31°, 34° and 33° respectively. In contrast, interaction with excimer laser radiation resulted an increase in the contact angle to 121°. Such changes were identified as being due to: (i) the melting and partial vitrification of the Al2O3/SiO2 based ceramic surface as a result of interaction with CO2, Nd:YAG HPDL radiation, (ii) the surface roughness of the Al2O3/SiO2 based ceramic increasing after interaction with excimer laser radiation, (iii) the relative surface oxygen content of the Al2O3/SiO2 based ceramic increasing after interaction with CO2, Nd:YAG and HPDL radiation. The work has shown that the wettability characteristics of the Al2O3/SiO2 based ceramic could be contro...


The invention relates to a thermoelectric device (1) (TEG: Thermo-electric generator) comprising at least one exhaust pipe (2) with an inlet (3) and an outlet (4), wherein at least a first tube bundle (5) a thermoelectric generator module (6) and the exhaust pipe (2) in the thermoelectric generator module (6) by the outer surfaces (7) of the tubes (8) is formed, and at least one further tube bundle (10) a heat exchanger (11) and the exhaust pipe (2) is formed in the heat exchanger (11) by the inner surfaces (12) of the pipes (8).


A sintered insulating hollow building block is prepared from coal gangue, powdered coal ash, steel slags, metallurgical tailings, red mud, and rejected solid (building garbage, life garbage and city mud) or shale through proportionally adding adhesive and millipore forming agent and sintering.


INTRODUCTION
Little is known on the potential racial differences in latent subgroup membership based on mental health and cognitive symptomatology among older adults.

METHODS
This is a secondary data analysis of Wave 2 data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N = 1819). Symptoms were depression, anxiety, loneliness, happiness, and cognition. Multiple-group latent class analysis was conducted to identify latent subgroups based on mental health and cognitive symptoms and to compare these differences between race.

RESULTS
Class 1: "Severe Cognition & Mild-Moderate Mood Impaired," Class 2: "Moderate Cognition & Mood Impaired," and Class 3: "Mild Cognition Impaired & Healthy Mood" were identified. Black older adults were more likely to be in Class 1 while White older adults were more likely to be in Class 2 and Class 3.

DISCUSSION
Clinicians need to provide culturally-sensitive care when assessing and treating symptoms across different racial groups.


The central role of oxidative stress in the etiology of Parkinsons disease defines a key therapeutic role for antioxidant compounds in the management of the disease. Redox-sensitive proteins such as the Na+/K+-ATPase have also been implicated as one of the targets of oxidative stress. The present study sought to investigate the role of diphenyl diselenide (DPDSe) in amelioration of disturbed redox homeostasis and modulation of enzyme activity caused by rotenone administration to Wistar albino rats. In determining the best route of rotenone administration, animals were grouped into four namely: control, oral, intraperitoneal (IP) and subcutanoeus (SC) and administered rotenone (3mg/kg) via oral, intraperitoneal (IP) and subcutaneous routes, with controls receiving the vehicle (2% DMSO + 98% normal saline (0.85%)). Having observed a more deleterious impact in the with he IP route, this mode of rotenone administration was selected along with oral administration of DPDSe (10mg/kg). this was done with four groups of animals namely: control, DPDSe, rotenone and DPDSe+rotenone. The effect of treatment was evaluated after seven days for total and non-protein thiol levels, lipid peroxidation and Na+/K+-ATPase activity. The result demonstrated the antioxidant potential of DPDSe in attenuating depletion of thiols, and lipid peroxidation caused by rotenone. It is apparent that DPDSe is a promising therapeutic agent in the management of PD, hence further investigations into its impact on different pathways is expedient in the search for an effective treatment for PD. Highlights Intraperitoneal administration of rotenone gives a comparatively faster development of Parkinson's disease features in rodents Rotenone mediates depletion of total and non-protein thiol levels in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease Diphenyl diselenide significantly attenuates thiol depletion and lipid peroxidation mediated by rotenone Rotenone-mediated inactivation of Na+/K+-ATPase in Parkinson's disease etiology may involve ATP depletion


Several four-coordinate copper(II) complexes of the formula LCuX (L=anion of N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)salicylaldimine; X=Cl, Br, NCS, NO 3 , N 3 , NCO, ONO), the aqua complex [LCu(H 2 O)]ClO 4 , and the complex L'CuCl(chloro[N-(2-(ethylamino)ethyl)salicylaldiminato]copper(II)) were prepared and characterized. X-ray structure analysis of LCuNCS(C 14 H 19 CuN 3 OS) confirms N-coordination of the thiocyanate ion and a slightly distorted square-planar coordination geometry around the copper


Astika Rasyiid, 2016. The Effect of Peer Support Group on Depression and Quality of Life among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in Kediri East Java. THESIS. Counselor: Ir. Ruben Dharmawan, dr. Ph.D.,Sp.ParK.,Sp.AK. Co-Counselor: Dr.Supriyadi Hari Respati, dr, Sp.OG (K), Public Health Science Study Program, Postgraduate Program of Sebelas Maret University. ABSTRACT Background: People living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (PLWHA) encounter such problems as society stigma and depression that can affect their quality of life in the term of physical, mental, and social health. Social support should be improved from individual, family, Peer Support Group (PSG), and government. PSG serves to help PLWHA feel not lonely, to give opportunity of seeing others, of sharing information about newest treatment and local support service, to reduce isolation, to improve social support, and to reduce stigma in order to achieve better quality of life and to reduce depression. The objective of research was to analyze the effect of KDS on depression and quality of life among PLWHA in Friendship Plus Peer Support Group in Kediri City. Subject and Method: This study was an analytical observational research with cross sectional approach conducted in Friendship Plus Peer Support Group in Kediri City for 2 months from May to July 2016. The sample consisted of 60 subjects taken using simple random sampling. Technique of collecting data used was questionnaire, while analysis was carried out using Pearson's Product Moment correlational and multiple linear regression tests. Result: The result of research showed that there was a statistically significant effect of Peer Support Group on the reduced depression in PLWHA (b=-0.60;CI 95%-0.82-0,38; p=<0.001). Depression was affected by family income of 88.8% (b= -8.68; CI 95%0.01; p=0.021) and education =-7.86;CI 95%-14.05-1.67; p=0.014). There was a statistically significant effect of Peer Support Group on the improved quality of life among PLWHA (b=0.32; CI 95%= 0.09-0.53; p=0.005). Quality of life was affected by family income of 92.3% (b=1.36; CI 95%0.01; p=<0.001) and education (b=20.84; CI 95% 14.75-26.93; p=<0.001). Conclusion: This research concluded that there was an effect of peer support group on the reduced depression among PLWHA and there was an effect of peer support group the improved quality of life among PLWHA. Keywords: Peer support group, depression, quality of life, PLWHA


In the 1970, however, the engine of growth faltered, the growth rate felt and the distribution of income stopped becoming less unequal; as a result ,real income of some families remain constant and felt for some others, (Romer & Weil, 1992 p.8). Abstract: This work has been done on the effect of investment, external aid on economic growth of Rwanda within a period of 2000 up to 2015. The general objective of this study was to analyze econometrically the effect of investment and external aid on economic growth in Rwanda This study contains the following specific objectives: To analyze the trends of investment, external aid and economic growth in Rwanda, to find the relationships between investment, external aid and economic growth in Rwanda. The following hypotheses have been formulated: The investment and external aid have the same tendency in Rwanda, the investment and external aid have the same effect on economic growth in Rwanda. To make the research richer and understandable, quantitative approach was used in forms of figures for statistical analysis, secondary data were collected from different reports and internet websites and analyzed using Eviews 7 and excel in order to provide enough and adequate information about economic growth, investment, external aids and economic growth in Rwanda also have been used in order to test research hypotheses. According to the results we found that the first and second hypotheses of this research were verified and confirmed as indicated in figure 4 & 5 and table 5, 8, 11 and 13 proved that investment and external aid have the same tendency and same effect. The variables were significantly fit the model as it was shown by the R2 Adjusted –higher than 80% which shows strong goodness of fit in the long-run and short run estimated model. As conclusion even if we face the problem of multicolinearity, it doesn't affect the goodness of fit. But it cause one independent variable to switch the sign and became insignificant in other word it give a fake model as indicated in table 10 where external aid are affected in order to resolve this problem we remove one variable which is external aid and we still depend on investment. Investment has positive effect on economic growth in long-run and short run. Also investment and external aids are highly correlated as indicated in table 8 that is why they have same effect on economic growth. We recommend that the government of Rwanda should encourage the donors to change the form in which external aid comes which is in form of budget. Those external aids coming in form of budget are included in public investment that is why we face the problem of multicolinearty. Then donors might do this directly by supporting infrastructure, small farmers, building schools in order to resolve those problem and external aids have significant on economic growth.


D15 Dust and gas in the inner accretion disk around the Herbig star MWC 147 resolved with infrared spectro-interferometry

D21 The effective temperature of OGLE-TR-10 – The Balmer α line

D29 Metal Injection into the Intracluster Medium

D30 Eigenmodes of circumstellar dust shells

D40 Numerical Modelling Approach of Circumstellar Dust Shells Around Pulsating AGB Stars Aiming at Multi Time Scale Processes

D45 UV radiation induced CO molecule formation patterns in low density PDRs

D46 IR properties of calcite and dolomite at low temperatures

D47 Observations and Models of Dusty Giants – Past and Present

D51 A multi-method approach to the outer layers of AGB stars

D53 On the convective energy transport in M-type brown dwarf atmospheres

D70 Structure and Dust Composition of the TW Hya Disc

D75 Chemical Abundances in the Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy

D76 Kinematic and chemical constraints on the formation of M31's inner halo structures

D77 IR band profiles of silicate and oxide dust obtained by laboratory measurements of free-flying particles

D98 Dust particle growth in protoplanetary disks

D134 Comparative study of dust cloud modelling for substellar atmospheres

D137 Photometric study of neglected binary DV Psc

D154 Quantitative Spectroscopy of Deneb

D160 Hot subluminous Ostars from the SDSS

D166 Simultaneous Observations of Solar Ca II H and Ca II 8662 lines and Numerical Simulation of these lines

D182 Present-day carbon abundances in the solar vicinity

D189 Detection of a giant planet around a pulsating extreme horizontal branch star: the oldest known planet?

D200 Confirmation of a very young binary brown dwarf candidate with disk in Chamaeleon

D208 Galaxy ages and metallicities in the cluster A1314

D217 Charge-dipole induced dust gelation – fastening the process of dust growth in protoplanetary disks

D246 Protoplanetary Disk Structure and Evolution


The graft copolymerization of itaconic acid (IA) onto nylon-66 fiber was investigated by using K_2S_2O_8 / H_2SO_4 as an initiator under different conditions. The copolymerization reaction is influenced by the concentrations of K_2S_2O_8 , IA and H_2SO_4, temperature and time of reaction.


OBJECTIVE:To analyze the clinical and endoscopic features of pseudomembranous colonitis(PMC),and facilitate clinicians understanding on this disease.METHODS:A total of 68 patients with pseudomembranous colonitis were assigned to two groups according to age difference,and the clinical data of the two groups were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:There were 47 cases(69.12%) in older age-group versus 21 cases(30.88%) of the middle-aged group.In the older age group,20(42.55%) were critical cases and 43(91.49%) had serious chronic underlying diseases,both were significantly higher than in the middle-aged group(P 0.025).Clindamycin was the chief antibiotics that lead topseudomembranous enteritis,followed by the third generation cephalosporins,quinolones,the second generation cephalospoins and betalactams,and the differences between the two groups were nonsignificant(all P 0.05).Anaerobic culture of focus nidus performed under electronic colonoscope revealed a significantly higher positive rate than did the anaerobic culture of stools [82.5%(33 /40) vs.5.88%(4 /68),P 0.05].On withdrawal or replacing antibiotics with metronidazole /ornidazole,vancomycinornidazoleand intestinal probiotics,64 cases(94.12%) had cures,3 cases(4.41%) had improvement,and 1 case(1.47%) died.CONCLUSION:(1) PMC is a serious condition of the antibiotic-associated colitis;(2) older age,lower immune function,associated serious chronic disease are high risk factors of PMC;(3) Endoscopy is the most effective method for diagnosing PMC;(4) The possibility of clostridium difficile enterocolitis should be considered if patients present with severe diarrheas during antibiotic treatment.


Heavy metals such as Cu(II), if ubiquitous in the runoff, can have adverse effects on the environment and human health. Lime sand bricks, as low-cost adsorbents to be potentially applied in stormwater infiltration facilities, were systematically investigated for Cu(II) removal from water using batch and column experiments. In the batch experiment, the adsorption of Cu(II) to bricks reach an equilibrium within 7 h and the kinetic data fits well with the pseudo-second-order model. The sorption isotherm can be described by both the Freundlich and Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity of the bricks is 7 ± 1 mg/g. In the column experiment, the best removal efficiency for Cu(II) was observed at a filler thickness of 20 cm, service time of 12 min with a Cu(II) concentration of 0.5 mg/L. The Cu(II) removal rate increases with the increasing bed depth and residence time. The inlet concentration and residence time had significant effects on the Cu(II) removal analyzed by the Box–Behnken design (BBD). The Adams-Bohart model was in good agreement with the experimental data in representing the breakthrough curve. Copper fractions in the bricks descend in the order of organic matter fraction > Fe-Mn oxides fraction > carbonates fraction > residual fraction > exchangeable fraction, indicating that the lime sand bricks after copper adsorption reduce the long-term ecotoxicity and bioavailability to the environment.


Health care workers wear personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect themselves from any splashes, spray, spatter, droplets of blood, or other potentially infectious materials that may be generated during patient care 1 Examples of PPE include gloves, gowns, eyewear, and masks The tasks listed in the policy as required include * performing respiratory care (eg, intubation, extubation, tracheotomy care, suctioning, assessing patients with active or productive coughs, collecting respiratory specimens);* performing bedside care (when performing tasks likely to generate body fluid splashes);* performing procedures that are likely to generate splashes;* emptying or transporting open containers of fluids or specimens;* participating in traumas or codes;and * caring for patients who spit 3 The tasks listed in the policy as recommended include performing * respiratory care (eg, turning and caring for ventilated patients or patients with a tracheotomy);* bedside care involving body fluids (eg, starting an IV, drawing blood, blood glucose point-of-care testing, dressing changes, stoma or fistula care, changing diapers);and * procedures (eg, lumbar punctures, paracentesis, chest tube insertion, thoracentesis) in any location in the facility 3 Personnel from the Employee Health and Safety and Infection Control Departments determined the required and recommended tasks based on actual body fluid exposure occurrences that staff members documented and submitted to the Employee Health Department In May 2019, unit leaders and educators began discussing ideas for competencies for staff members to complete in 2020 Because the eye and facial protection policy was considered new, a change, problematic, and high risk, unit leaders and educators chose use of eye and facial protection as a 2020 competency for all staff members in procedural areas, including perioperative units, endoscopy, and the cardiac catheterization laboratory, to complete


In this paper, experimental results obtained in the study of the flotation process with dissolved air, for chrome removal resulted from chrome plating sector are presented. Using sodium lauryl sulphate as collector and through process parameter optimization (molar ratio collector: coligand = 0.5, pH 8), a chrome removal efficiency of over 95 % was obtained. Kinetic study of the process has shown a first order kinetics with breaking point.


British Coal, in collaboration with Senior Green Ltd., has incorporated a novel twin-bed coal-fired combustor into a 2.8 MWt water tube boiler. The firing system comprises two interconnected shallow fluidized beds operated as a pyrolyser and a char combustor, respectively. Gas temperatures well in excess of bed temperatures are achieved when the hot gas streams from the two beds are mixed in a common chamber. Particular attributes of the system are high combustion intensity (without in-bed tubes), inherently low NOx emission levels and wide turndown range (up to 10: 1). As part of the ongoing R&D programme, mathematical modelling techniques are being applied to provide a sound theoretical understanding of the physical and chemical processes occurring within the system. In order to assess the factors affecting scale-up of the twin-bed unit, Gloucestershire College of Arts and Technology (GLOSCAT), in collaboration with the Coal Research Establishment of British Coal, is currently developing a comprehensive mathematical model of the system.

The paper describes one aspect of the system model, namely solids mixing. The application of simple analytic methods has been found useful to describe the process. Assuming uniform conditions in the vertical plane, mixing of coal and sand within a bed has been regarded as a diffusion process, and a system of ordinary differential equations have been established to predict carbon concentration and temperature profiles for each bed. Although a number of simplifying assumptions have been made, the models provide useful sensitivity analyses, allowing an assessment of the factors influencing scale-up, e.g. the effect of mixing rate and char particle size on temperature profiles. Analytic solutions are presented, and the sensitivity analyses are illustrated using standard computer graphics.


This paper argues that while resilience is now becoming a well-established concept in the realms of climate science and policy, assumptions about the meaning of time and scale this concept embodies have been overlooked. Drawing on case studies from extreme weather events in Europe (flooding, heatwaves and wind storms), the paper shows how the concept of resilience has acted as a normalising process of different rhythms and durations inherent to social life, which in turn has helped to frame the future as the getaway from the now. Borrowing on Veena Das' (2007) work on time and subjectivity, we show that the artificial fragmentation of time as past, present and future underlying the concept of resilience and its application into the spheres of science and policy tends to ignore the multiplicity of phenomenological times and multiple durations defining the future. Finally, the paper argues that resilience should be more critically assessed for the temporal and scaling fixes it carries in defining particular types of futures which are themselves indicative of specific power relations and inequalities at the core of vulnerability and environmental risk management.


We found that consideration of not only the drug, but also the route and the dose, had a substantial impact on the ability to predict inpatient diagnoses in real time. This has important implications: knowledge of the diagnoses early in the process may directly improve the quality of care; in addition, the present approach allows for automated pick lists displaying the most likely diagnoses, has the potential to minimise misunderstandings between healthcare professionals, to enable sophisticated CDS and to support efforts aiming to increase the completeness of problem lists.


The precision service platform of smart farm is based on modern agricultural science, based on technologies such as Internet of Things, cloud computing and big data, and combined with the actual needs of agricultural production, providing agricultural production management and comprehensive services, and using mobile Internet and Internet of Things technology to build an intelligent agricultural production management system. The main purpose of the platform is to realize the informationization, standardization and precision of the whole process of agricultural production through digital and intelligent means, so as to improve the efficiency and quality of agricultural production, reduce costs and realize sustainable development.


The neonatal period is a difficult time for a child's survival. In India, neonatal mortality is high, and the pattern of reduction is very less as compared to infant and child mortality. The magnitude and associated factors of neonatal mortality in a tertiary care centres are also not well documented. Therefore, the aim of this study is to see the pattern of admission, neonatal mortality and its causes. Among the neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit of SLBSGMC and hospital.


Prosocial behavior encompasses sympathetic, helpful, and caring responses toward others. Temperamental characteristics and experiences of child rearing are associated with children's prosocial behavior. However, little research has examined the associations between prosocial behavior and either temperamental inhibition or paternal child rearing. This study examined the contributions of maternal and paternal parenting and inhibition at 2 years to displays of prosocial behavior toward mothers and unfamiliar adults by 46 male and 42 female preschoolers. There were no direct links between toddler inhibition or fathers' parenting and prosocial behavior 2 years later, although protective maternal parenting predicted prosocial behavior. Toddlers' inhibition and gender moderated the links between maternal parenting and prosocial behavior. Maternal parenting was most strongly predictive of the prosocial behavior of more highly inhibited girls, suggesting there may be temperament- and gender-specific pathways for the development of positive characteristics.


This chapter outlines how a fundamental crisis arose in Italian opera houses by 1900, shaped by the focus on canonic repertory as it was defined by the leading theaters and music publishers. Planning of repertory became focused on specific kinds of operas—in effect a canonic typology—from which a work was chosen as appropriate to a specific season or social context. Eventually, this repertory came to be perceived as finite, establishing certain canonic types as standard choices for the organization of a theater's repertory or a publisher's list. The leading such framework took shape most significantly in Milan's Teatro alla Scala, devised by publishers and glorified by key artists, most significantly the conductor Arturo Toscanini. This chapter is paired with Carlotta Sorba's "Theaters, markets, and canonic implications in the Italian opera system, 1820–1880."


A field study of pilot-controller communication that is expected to improve communication accuracy and efficiency in at least two ways is presented. Types of problems that disrupt routine communication and how often they occur during operations are identified. By identifying factors associated with problems, it is suggested why they occur and how to eliminate them.


We consider slow resonant MHD waves in 1D planar equilibria with the unidirectional magnetic field. A nonlinear equation governing this waves in a slow resonant layer is derived. A periodic solution in the form of propagating wave with a permanent shape is found in the limiting case, where nonlinearity dominates dissipation. This solution is used to derive a connection formula that connects the values of the normal component of the velocity at two sides of the resonant layer. This connection formula is, in turn, used to study the interaction of an incoming sound wave with a slab containing an inhomogeneous magnetized plasma. The coefficient of the wave energy resonant absorption is calculated and compared with its counterpart obtained on the basis of linear theory.


Higgins and Woods (1949) and Higgins (1949) in the rat, and Dougherty and Dougherty (1950) in the mouse found that the effects of aminopterin were partly mediated by the adrenals. Lewis, Rabasa and Ferrer (1952) observed independently the same fact, and could see moreover that adrenalectomized animals were significantly less resistant to aminopterin intoxication than normals. It was shown (Lewis, Rabasa and Domenico, 1952) that a dosage of 1.25 mg./100 gm. body weight (b.w.) daily of cortisone did not afford protection, while a slight but not significantly longer survival was obtained by 0.1 mg./100 gm. (b.w.) of DCA daily. The above mentioned dosage of cortisone, given to adrenalectomized rats treated with aminopterin, brought about an atrophy of the thymus similar to that of aminopterin treated normals. It was concluded, in consequence, that the effect of this cortisone dosage was approximately the same as the one produced by the glucocorticoids of the intact


The invention discloses disperse green dye which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 28 to 31% of component A, 43 to 47% of component B, 3 to 5% of component C, and 18 to 25% of component D, wherein the sum of the mass percentages is of a hundred percent. The disperse green dye provided by the invention is high in color fastness of the components, and can be applied to dyeing of superfine polyester fibers and blended fabrics of polyester and spandex; the color fastness is up to level four or higher after reduction clearing; and the product is free of banned substances which are contained in OEKO-TEX Standard 100, so that the requirement on environment protection can be met.


phlets. In the evaluation of this book as a high-school textbook, the reviewer wonders whether it would not have been better to build the nutritional knowledge along with the learning of the planning and serving of meals rather than to devote separate sections to each. In the reviewer's experience, nutritional information is not learned apart from meal-planning. The reviewer also questions the advisability of presenting to high-school pupils as much technical information as Miss Silver's book includes. Because of its readability, the book should be widely used as one of the publications available for reference work, and the first section should appeal to parents or other laymen wishing to find nutritional information presented in an interesting and understandable manner.


This article was motivated by the need to speed up complex network simulation, especially in telecommunications settings, where high bandwidth translates into exorbitant numbers of packets that take inordinate CPU time to simulate. Since the simulation complexity of fluid workload is invariant under bandwidth scaling, flows of discrete units of workload may be replaced by (approximate) fluid streams for savings in CPU time and memory storage.To this end, the article outlines the design of a new hybrid Java simulator, called HNS (Hybrid Network Simulator). HNS simulates the movement of workload in a queueing network, where transactions may be of two types: traditional discrete transactions (e.g., packets) and continuous (fluid) transactions, all of which arrive discretely at the network in traffic flows, and each discrete arrival carries a workload. Arriving transactions only differ in the way their workloads are transported: the user specifies whether the workload should be packetized or fluidized, respectively, for transport across the network. The novel feature of HNS is that it admits models with both discrete and continuous traffic flows, and collects detailed statistics for both, including arrival, loss, buffer contents, departure, and delay statistics. HNS facilitates the fundamental tradeoff between the modeling accuracy of discrete flows and savings in simulation time and storage often afforded by continuous flows by providing a common testbed for both discrete and continuous flows, where the user can readily select transport modes and achieve a good deal of variance reduction in assessing the accuracy and speeds of model versions with different mixtures of flow types. We caution, however, that while HNS is a generic hybrid simulator of discrete and continuous flows, mixed models should be handled with care, since they tend to counteract the advantages of pure-packet or pure-fluid models.In order to achieve a high degree of speedup for fluid-flow models, HNS introduces and utilizes the so-called streamlining methodology to identify and modify algorithms that cause "turbulent" fluid flow (namely, scenarios where fluid-flow rates have a large number of minor fluctuations, which are computationally expensive but have a minor impact on simulation statistics). Streamlining removes these fluctuations so as to speed up the simulation at a moderate loss of statistical accuracy. HNS can be extended by writing additional Java classes; in particular, stream behavior can be modified by extending built-in protocol classes. For example, HNS already has dual implementations (packet and fluid) of various telecommunications-specific protocols, such as ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and TCP (Transport Control Protocol), the latter with a streamlined fluid protocol approximation.In this article, we describe the architecture of HNS and its operational features, including traffic injection at network sources, generic workload transport, some telecommunications-specific protocols, and statistics collection and display via a graphic user interface (GUI). We then use HNS to validate the streamlining methodology and to study appropriate tradeoffs of simulation speed and accuracy in telecommunications networks by comparing pure-packet, pure-fluid, and mixed versions of the same network model.


In optimal placement of actuators for stochastic systems, it is commonly assumed that the actuator noise variances are not related to the feedback matrix and the actuator locations. In this paper, we will discuss the limitation of that assumption and develop a more practical noise variance model, and explore the properties associated this noise variance models.


Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is one that is inescapable in everyday life. LPG is used as a propellant and a refrigerant in a wide variety of applications including heating and cooking appliances, industrial applications, in cars. Gas leakage is one of the major concerns with commercial premises, conveyor vehicles driven by residential and gas. LPG leakage creates dangerous and unfriendly environmental gases that affect humans and other living creatures. Considering that safety plays a major role in today's world, it is necessary to implement good security systems at domestic or industrial sites. Setting up a gas leak detector at vulnerable locations is a preventive measure that can be taken to avoid the danger associated with gas leakage. The principal objective of the Gas Leakage Detection and By developing an automatic system that can detect the leakage of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at home and At the same time control it by turning off the regulator using a DC motor, Automated Control System is to provide a solution. , the window of that room is automatically and an SMS alert is sent to the house owner using the GSM module.


This paper proposes the Beta Distribution based XCS Classifier System (called j3-XCS) as the novel XCS having the new representation (1) that can handle curved surface hyperpolyhedral conditions, including hyperellipsoids, (2) that can "quickly" and "stably" evolve classifiers that appropri-ately classify the area, and (3) that is robust to the initial hyperparameters of the representation. Concretely, j3-XCS is composed of classifiers that condition part in each dimension is represented by the beta distribution that can change a flexible distribution shape according to its parameters. Through the intensive experiments of the different types of continuous space problems, the following implications have been revealed: (1) j3-X CS can show higher classification performance and function approximation performance with fewer classifiers than other XCSs with the conventional representations such as XCS with the hyperrectangular representation (i.e., XCSR) and XCS with the hyperellipsoidal representations (i.e., hyperellipsoid-based XCS); (2) fJ-XCS can quickly and stably evolve the classifiers that can appropriately match the line and curved shapes in comparison with XCSR and the ellipsoidal-based XCS; and (3) while the performance of the conventional XCSs is highly sensitive to the hyperparameter that defines the generality of the covering classifier, the performance of fJ-XCS is the most robust to its values.


Type 321 stainless steel studs are employed to provide a four stud fixing arrangement for an insulation coverplate on the pressure vessel wall of a gas cooled nuclear reactor. The coverplate expands under a temperature of 650$sup 0$C and deflects the hot end of the studs into a yield condition. As the coverplate is thermally cycled, the studs are subjected to high strain low cycle fatigue in the creep range with dwell periods at either end of the strain cycle. Details of a theoretical and experimental investigation of the stud behavior under these conditions are given. The evolution of a satisfactory design from this study is described. A theoretical limit analysis of the stud load- deflection characteristic, based on plastic hinge considerations is presented. This analysis gave a good correlation with experimental results for both strain controlled bending and creep relaxation and provided an understanding of the fatigue mechanism. The experimental results were dominated by the interaction of creep and fatigue which produced two different, but interacting zones of failure. This is discussed in detail and experimental results presented of the tests which were carried out for different dwell times, strain ranges, material ductility, and designs of the critical studmore » to coverplate fixing geometry. The results reported relate to a stress situation well beyond that covered by present design codes. The difficulties in establishing reliable fatigue data in the presence of major variables, notably dwell time, in the creep range are clearly demonstrated. This study shows how a suitable design solution can be achieved under such circumstances when analytical and experimental work are directed towards a basic understanding of the mechanisms involved. (auth)« less


The role of family at affective, socialization, health care affects the elderly inincreasing active in efforts improved health in physical, mental, social and efforts to increase lifeexpectancy that is free from distractions.Risert purpose to determine the role of the FamilyRelationships Following Gymnastics Against Elderly Motivation In Work Area Health CenterBuild Jaya in 2014.This study used a cross sectional design, engineering to get samples usingcluster random sampling the samples of 54 elderly health centers in the Work Area Jaya Build2014. Processed data using univariate and bivariate using Chi Square test.Most of respondents(75.9%) female, the majority of respondents (53.7%) had a poor family role and most of therespondents (61.1%) active follow gymnastics elderly. There is a relationship between the role ofthe family with the liveliness of the elderly with a p=0.001 CI: 95%. The role of family it will bevery influential to give a support on the increased activity of the elderly so that physicalfunctioning, mental, social get a good care anyway.


The transmission and reflection scattering parameters of arrays of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) directly assembled onto coplanar waveguides (CPWs) have been measured from 0.01to50GHz at room temperature. Typical arrays consisted of roughly ∼103 SWCNTs aligned parallel to the electric field polarization of the propagating field. Scattering parameters were measured on CPWs both before and after SWCNT assembly, allowing separation of SWCNT effects from the characteristics of the bare CPWs. Additional frequency-dependent power dissipation was consistently observed after assembly of SWCNT arrays.


Deep Reinforcement learning has recently emerged as a successful methodology for efficiently learning complex tasks and even succeeded in matching (and in some cases surpassing) human level performance in a variety of games [7] [17]. For our project we studied Deep Q-Networks (DQN) [7] which estimate the Q-values (or expected discounted returns for an action) for the current game state, where the game state is defined only by the last four frames the agent has encountered. However, one major downside of DQN is its huge training time and computational cost, which is primarily due to its dependency on how it maintains the game state (it preserves past frames as well as the size of the frame). In this project we attempt to study the various methods that are employed to address these issues. In particular we looked at adding the ability to maintain the game state using individual frames, and focusing the agent's attention on the most salient features of the input.