Graphical Abstract Section Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 1815 STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF THE OPTICAL ISOMERS OF A NEW MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, HL‐031120 Yu‐Min Liu,1 He Liu,2 Bo‐Hua Zhong,2 and Ke‐Liang Liu2 1College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China 2No. 7 Department, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China Four optical isomers of 3‐quinuclidinyl‐2′‐cyclopentyl‐2′‐hydroxy‐2′‐phenylacetate were obtained by the effective distereoselective synthesis method. The structure of the (3R,2′R)‐1 was elucidated by X‐ray analysis. Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 1823 SILICA SULFATE, AN EFFICIENT CATALYST FOR THE TRIMETHYLSILYLATION OF ALCOHOLS Tong‐Shou jin, Ruo‐Fei Tian, Li‐Bin Liu, Ying Zhao, and Tong‐Shuang Li Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China An easy method that preparation of trimethylsilyl ethers from alcohols and 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexamethyl‐disilazane (HMDS) using silica sulfate as a catalyst under mild conditions in excellent yields is described. Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 1837 NOVEL PYRIDAZINE FUSED HETEROCYCLIC SYSTEM: A NEW ROUTE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF 2‐ALKYL/ARYL[1,3,4]THIADIAZOLE[2′,3′:2,3] IMIDAZO[4,5‐d] PYRIDAZIN‐8(7H)‐ONE Gundurao Kolavi, Vinayak Hegde, and Imtiyaz Ahmed Khazi Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India A new heterocyclic system, 2‐alkyl/aryl[1,3,4]thiadiazole[2′,3′:2,3]imidazo[4,5‐d]pyridazin‐8(7H)‐one, has been synthesized by the application of the Vilsmeier–Haack reaction. Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 1845 CONVENIENT PROCEDURE FOR SYNTHESIS OF N‐PROTECTED β‐AMINOMALONATES AND β‐AMINO ACIDS FROM α‐AMIDOSULFONES Cheeraporn Ananthanawat, Vorawit Banphavichit, and Tirayut Vilaivan Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Treatment of N‐Boc and N‐Z protected α‐amino‐sulfones with malonate esters in the presence of 2,5 equivalents of potassium carbonate affords N‐protected β‐aminomalonates in good yield. Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 1857 TWO‐STEP SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO 10‐SUBSTITUTED ISOALLOXAZINES Prosenjit Chattopadhyay, Roopali Rai, and Pramod S. Pandey Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 1863 SYNTHESIS OF SOME NOVEL BIS‐SPIRO[INDOLE‐PYRAZOLINYL‐THIAZOLIDINE]‐2,4′‐DIONES Manish Jain,1 Pankaj Khanna,1 Anjali Saxena,1 Sunita Bhagat,1 Carl E. Olsen,2 and Subhash C. Jain1 1Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India 2Chemistry Department, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark The reaction of 1H‐indol‐2,3‐diones with 1,6‐dibromohexane has resulted in the formation of new 1H‐indol‐2,3‐diones‐1,1′‐(1,6‐hexanediyl)bis in quantitative yields. These compounds have been used for the synthesis of novel [3′‐(2,3‐dimethyl‐5‐oxo‐1‐phenyl‐3‐pyrazolin‐4‐yl)spiro[3H‐indol‐3,2′‐thiazolidine]‐2,4′‐dione]‐1,1′‐(1,6‐hexanediyl)bis via bis Schiff's base, [3‐(2,3‐dimethyl‐5‐oxo‐1‐phenyl‐3‐pyrazolin‐4‐yl) imino‐1H‐indol‐2‐one]‐1,1′‐(1,6‐hexanediyl)bis. Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 1873 HYPERVALENT IODINE‐MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF 1‐ARYL‐4‐METHYL‐1,2,4‐TRIAZOLO[4,3‐A]QUINOXALINES BY OXIDATIVE CYCLIZATION OF ARENE CARBALDEHYDE‐3‐METHYLQUINOXALIN‐2‐YL HYDRAZONES Ranjana Aggarwal and Garima Sumran Chemistry Department, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India Arene carbaldehyde‐3‐methylquinoxalin‐2‐yl hydrazones obtained by the condensation of 2‐hydrazino‐3‐methylquinoxaline with various aromatic aldehydes, on treatment with iodobenzene diacetate (IBD) in dichloromethane, undergo oxidative cyclization to exclusively afford 1‐aryl‐4‐methyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐a]quinoxalines (5) in excellent yield. Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 1879 CARBON–CARBON BOND FORMATION BY RADICAL CYCLIZATION: REGIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF SPIRO HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS BY n Bu3SnH‐Mediated Reaction K. C. Majumdar and N. Kundu Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 1887 SYNTHESIS FOR PYRIDOPYRIMIDINONES M. Kidwai and K. Singhal Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi India Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 1893 FACILE ONE‐STEP CONVERSION OF KETONES INTO α‐AZIDOKETONES USING [HYDROXY(TOSYLOXY)IODO]BENZENE AND SODIUM AZIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF A PHASE‐TRANSFER CATALYST UNDER SOLVENT‐FREE CONDITIONS Dalip Kumar, Swapna Sundaree, and V. S. Rao Chemistry Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 1897 ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF (2S)‐1‐(3,4‐DIHYDROXYPHENOXY)‐3‐(3,′4′‐DIMETHOXYPHENOXY) ETHYLAMINO‐2‐PROPANOL HYDROCHLORIDE (RO363) Akkirala Venkat Narsaiah Organic Chemistry Division‐III, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India Enantioselective synthesis of (2S) RO363 has been described here. The chiral source used is the Jacobsen catalyst (R,R) Salen Co(III)OAc complex for the resolution of terminal epoxide. Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 1903 AQUEOUS MANGANESE‐MEDIATED REDUCTIVE COUPLING OF NITROARENES TO AZOXYBENZENES Dilip K. Dutta Natural Products Chemistry Division, Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat, Assam, India Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 1907 MICROWAVE‐INDUCED CONVERSION OF ACID HYDRAZIDES TO N,N′‐DIACYLHYDRAZINES IN SOLVENT‐FREE CONDITIONS B. Sailu, A. Komaraiah, and P. S. N. Reddy Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 1911 DEACETYLATION OF THIOACETATE USING ACETYL CHLORIDE IN METHANOL Neera Tewari, Hashim Nizar, Avinash Mane, Vinod George, and Mohan Prasad Chemical Research Division, Ranbaxy Research Laboratories, Gurgaon, Haryana, India Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 1915 NOVEL, WATER‐BASED PROCEDURE FOR THE MONO IODINATION OF AROMATIC AMINES AND PHENOLS R. Sathiyapriya and R. Joel Karunakaran Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India Various aromatic amines and phenols were successfully iodinated with a mixture of potassium chlorate and potassium iodide in the presence of hydrochloric acid in aqeous medium. Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 1919 PREPARATION OF ARYL‐SUBSTITUTED E‐HOMOALLYLIC BROMIDES FROM CYCLOPROPYLCARBINOL AND PBr3 Sanchita Roy, Sharmistha Guha, Samit Kumar Dutta, and Sanjay Bhar Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 1923 NOVEL CARBON–CARBON BOND FORMATION BETWEEN N‐METHYL‐3‐PHENYL‐3‐HYDROXYPROPYL AMINE AND CRESOLS CATALYZED BY p‐TOLUENESULPHONIC ACID M. Gopalakrishnan,1 P. Sureshkumar,1 V. Kanagarajan,1 J. Thanusu,1 Shanmugam Govindan,2 and Mahesh Reddy Ghanta2 1Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India 2Department of Research and Development, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Jinnaram, Andhra Pradesh, India


Abstract There now exist several microcomputer processing systems which incorporate algorithms and display techniques appropriate for the class of objects known as images. Zooming, histogram equalization, contrast stretching, ratioing, edge enhancement, and filtering are common options used in these systems. In the present discussion a system is proposed for the equivalent processing of general resolution elements (resells), instead of the homogeneous picture elements (pixels) which are found in image processing systems. The resel processing system requires a new, generalized, repertoire of processing algorithms and a high resolution display. A summary is provided of the facilities and procedures required, a computational metaphor using computer spreadsheets is described, and the applicability to censels (census data elements) and to medical data is suggested.


The relationships of variations of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the South Pacific with ENSO and Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM) are examined in the present article by employing the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis from 1951 to 2006. Two principal modes of South Pacific SSTA are obtained using the EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function) analysis for austral winter (June, July and August). Our results suggest that EOF1 is closely related with ENSO and EOF2 links to SAM. The EOF1 varies largely on an interannual and EOF2 on a decadal scale. The time series of coefficients of EOF1 is highly correlated simultaneously with Nino3 index. However, the time series of coefficients of EOF2 is significantly correlated with the March-April-May mean SAM index. Both the EOF1 and EOF2 are found in significant correlation to summer precipitation over China. With higher-than-normal SSTs in the eastern South Pacific and simultaneously lower SSTs in the western South Pacific in June-July-August, the summertime rainfall is found to be less than normal in northern China. As displayed in EOF2 of SSTA, in years with lower-than-normal SSTs in mid-latitude southern and equatorial eastern Pacific and higher-than-normal SSTs in the equatorial middle Pacific in March-April-May, the summer precipitation in August tends to be more than normal in regions south of Yangtze River.


1. Articulate factors that contribute to poor outcomes in patients treated in the ICU. 2. Explain the physiological contributors for deconditioning and the neuromuscular deconditioning observed in patients with prolonged ICU stays. 3. Discuss strengths of PTs' knowledge related to prevention of ICU-acquired deconditioning. 4. Explore the threats and opportunities encountered by PTs while working with severely impaired patients in the ICU. 5. Cite evidence that supports utilization of PT providing early mobilization in the ICU.


........................................................................................................................................ II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................................. IV CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................ VI LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................... VIII LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................... X LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................... XII


Aim. To determine quantitative criteria for assessing the therapeutic benefits and the most informative time frames after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) to assess its long-term effectiveness (1, 2, 3 years of follow-up) based on retrospective analysis. To assess the CRT effectiveness, parameters of left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling and signs characterizing the clinical CRT response were considered.Material and methods. This single-center, retrospective, non-randomized study included data from 278 patients with implanted CRT devices. Quantitative criteria for assessing CRT effectiveness were determined using a two-step cluster analysis of patients 1, 2, and 3 years after CRT by LV reverse remodeling parameters.Results. In the dataset with satisfactory division accuracy, after the first year, two clusters were identified, which are conventionally named as "non-responders" and "responders". Two and three years after therapy, patients were classified into three clusters: "non-responders", "responders" and "super-responders". For the obtained clusters, we found cutoff values for LV reverse remodeling parameters, which can be used as criteria for response to therapy.The study identified the most informative time frames for assessing the postoperative CRT effectiveness 1, 2, 3 years after the surgery. At the same time, the clinical response to therapy is manifested earlier in comparison with the reverse LV remodeling.Despite the high divisibility of patients into responders and non-responders, predictive models of CRT effectiveness created using the available data from standard diagnostic protocols for heart failure patients have insufficient accuracy to be used for making decisions on therapy appropriateness. This circumstance indicates the need to receive additional data to improve the forecasting quality.Conclusion. The study revealed a period for assessing the clinical response and changes in LV reverse remodeling after CRT surgery, which is important for the optimal choice of postoperative therapy. It has been shown that in most cases, one year after surgery is sufficient to assess the clinical response, and the process of LV reverse remodeling can last up to two years on average.When assessing the CRT effectiveness by reverse remodeling, along with a change in LV end-systolic volume (ESV), it is necessary to take into account LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) changes. The change in LV ejection fraction showed a significantly lower value among the analyzed parameters in assessing the CRT effectiveness. Based on the cluster classification of patients, a dividing rule was established for responders and non-responders in the first and second years after surgery with an accuracy of 97%: a decrease in LV ESV and EDV by 9% or more compared to preoperative values.


Modulation spectroscopy, i.e., photoreflectance (PR) and contactless electroreflectance (CER) are very powerful techniques to investigate optical properties of nanostructures. These techniques together with photoluminescence spectroscopy were used for investigation of optical properties of InGaAsP quantum well with infrared emission at 1.55 µm. Samples used in this study were grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on n-doped (100) InP substrate. Based on the numerical calculations the origin of observed optical transitions has been explained and the energy structure of the investigated samples has been proposed.


Identification and diagnosis of leukemia earlier is a contentious issue in therapeutic diagnostics for reducing the rate of death among people with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). The investigation of White Blood Cells (WBCs) is essential for the detection of ALL-leukaemia cells, for which blood smear images were being used. This study created an intelligent framework for identifying healthy blood cells from leukemic blood cells in blood smear images. The framework combines the features extracted by Center Symmetric Local Binary Pattern (CSLBP), Gabor Wavelet Transform (GWT), and Local Gradient Increasing Pattern (LGIP), the data was then fed into machine learning classifiers including Decision Tree (DT), Ensemble, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Random Forest (RF)).  As the training set, the ALL-IDB2 database was utilized to create a balanced database with 260 blood smear images. Consequently, to generate the optimum feature set, a recommended model was established by using numerous individual and combined feature extraction methodologies. The investigational consequences demonstrate that the developed feature fusion strategy surpassed previous existing techniques, with an overall accuracy of 97.49 ± 1.02% utilizing Ensemble classifier.


Brown & Holmes (1956) have recently studied the after-effects of activity on the electrical responses of mammalian C fibres. The main effect which they found was that shortly after a brief period of repetitive stimulation there was an enhancement in the height of the recorded monophasic action potential, which sometimes increased threefold. The increase was attributed to an increase in the amplitude of the spike potential in each individual nerve fibre, and was thought not to be caused to any great extent by the increase in the size and extent of the slow after-potentials which also occurred, a possibility put forward by Gasser (1950). The enhancement of the recorded spike which was shown by Brown & Holmes to be characteristic of all groups of non-medullated fibres conducting at less than 1 m/sec, is best obtained under the right conditions of temperature and frequency and duration of stimulation; but even then the effect in nerves in vitro is often small or absent. The present experiments deal with the nature of the effect.


Background Prejudice towards Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) people continues to decline. Despite this, LGBTQ surgeons still experience discrimination from colleagues, staff, and patients at an alarming rate. The Association of Out Surgeons and Allies (AOSA) was established to address this issue by fostering a more equitable and inclusive surgical environment. AOSA AOSA is a national surgical organization of LGBTQ students, trainees, faculty, and allies committed to enhancing equity in surgery through education, outreach, mentorship, and sponsorship. AOSA works in collaboration with national efforts and institutional initiatives to promote the inclusion and acceptance of LGBTQ surgeons. Future Directions Achieving these goals will require a community effort of LGBTQ surgeons and allies in addition to the support of prominent academic institutions and national surgical organizations. Conclusion Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer surgeons continue to face workplace discrimination. This new surgical society will help foster a supportive environment through visibility, mentorship, education, and community.


The phases trajectories in the fields of primary crystallization of cristobalite (SiO2cr), tridymite (SiO2tr), mullite (3Al2O3-2SiO2) and in a field of liquid immiscibility are analyzed on a basis of computer model for T-x-y diagram of SiO2-Al2O3-CaO system. The concentration fields with unique set of microconstituents and the fields without individual crystallization schemes and microconstituents are revealed.


Abstract The survey techniques for finding quasars in large areas of sky have developed rapidly in recent years. One can search for quasars in all wavelengths. The area of sky surveyed may be more than 1000 square degrees. The average density of quasar candidates down to magnitude 20 is about 20 per square degree. Therefore, more than 20 000 quasar candidates are waiting for further observation. The total number of confirmed quasars is currently about 5000. This paper gives a discussion of some of the physical properties of quasars, such as space distribution, luminosity function, clustering and redshift limit.


A method for identifying a disorder in a wireless communication band, the method comprising: Selecting a plurality of test channels in accordance with a channel structure of the disorder; Selecting a frequency in each selected channel; Measuring a RSSI, which is connected to the selected frequency in each selected channel, and Identifying a fault in accordance with the measured spectral energy density, characterized, in that the spectral energy density is obtained by dividing the RSSI is measured on a plurality of narrowband channels and these RSSI measurements are used to estimate the shape of the spectral energy density.


Laboratory and field experiments were carried out for two years (1990 & 1991) in Islamnagar 3 and 4 soil series (Vertic Ustochrepts), to evaluate the response of soybean to sulphur and to establish the critical limit of sulphur in soybean plants. In nine field experiments, optimum response to sulphur was recorded at 40 kg S ha−1. Application of S also significantly increased the S up.take, oil content of grain and oil yield. Using data obtained from 30 field experiments over two years, plant critical S limit was 0.34 per cent.


OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of amifostine on hematological toxicity in chemotherapy patients with osteosareoma.METHODS Forty two patients were divided into treatment group and control group,21 patients in each group.After MTX-MTX-DDP-ADM chemotherapy,the hematological toxicity of chemotherapy was observed.RESULTS After three cycles of chemotherapy,the rate of Ⅳ° neutropenia in treatment group was 28.6%,and 66.7% in control group(P0.05).After four cycles of chemotherapy,the rate of Ⅳ° leukopenia in treatment group was 33.3%,and 81.0% in control group(P0.01).The rate of Ⅳ° neutropenia in treatment group was 33.3%,and 81.0% in control group(P0.01).Compared the average number of red blood cell transfusion with the two group,the number of treatment group was significantly lower than that of control group(P0.01).CONCLUSION After amifostine used in chemotherapy patients with osteosareoma,the rate of Ⅳ° leukopenia and neutropenia,as well as the average number of red blood cell transfusion was reduced.It has no influence on survival rate and it is safe.


This paper presents the design and implementation of the control algorithms design module based on a remote laboratory named NCSLab, which allows students, teachers, and researchers to do practical experiments with various control systems remotely via the Internet whenever and wherever they want. To meet the demand of students with different levels and provide more extensibility, a flexible control algorithm designing system is deployed using a frontend and backend separation framework. JointJS is selected to construct the graphic user interface and an algorithm server is developed to deal with the algorithms tasks. In this way, the users are able to customize control systems online with a visualized interactive interface. A control algorithm could be formed easily without programming, so the users could concentrate on the control algorithm itself. For advanced users, customized C‐MEX S‐Functions are available for extra sophisticated control systems. The designed control algorithms are converted into executable codes at the back‐end by the servers. They could be implemented into the remote test rigs and then the corresponding results would be sent back in real‐time. The overall implementation is based on the web, so only common browsers and Internet access are needed. By logging into the laboratory through the web, the users could start practical experiments quickly after acquiring the control right of the desired test rig. And the whole process, including designing, simulating, and generating codes, is integrated into the interface of the proposed system module, which is easy to use and could bring great convenience to the users.


This STI product consists of the Program/Abstracts book that was prepared for the participants in the Sixth International Conference on Biophysics and Synchrotron Radiation that was held August 4-8, 1998, at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. This book contains the full conference program and abstracts of the scientific presentations.


To assess the incidence and associated risk factors of asymptomatic urinary retention in elderly women upon admission to the Internal Medicine department.


The invention relates to a gas filter composite membrane which is formed by compounding a non-woven fabric base material layer on the bottom, a supporting layer on the middle part, and a filter layer on the top, wherein the non-woven fabric base material layer and the supporting layer are fused and compounded at a high temperature; the supporting layer and the filter layer are fused and compounded at a high temperature.


Background: Rbx1/ROC1 is an E3 ligase adaptor protein that functions with the E2 enzyme CDC34. Results: NMR and biochemical data show that Rbx1/ROC1 binds CDC34∼ubiquitin 50-fold tighter than CDC34. Conclusion: Rbx1/ROC1 selectively recruits E2∼ubiquitin and releases the E2 after ubiquitin transfer. Significance: Direct evidence is shown for preferential recognition of an E2∼ubiquitin complex by an E3 ligase. RING E3 ligases are proteins that must selectively recruit an E2-conjugating enzyme and facilitate ubiquitin transfer to a substrate. It is not clear how a RING E3 ligase differentiates a naked E2 enzyme from the E2∼ubiquitin-conjugated form or how this is altered upon ubiquitin transfer. RING-box protein 1 (Rbx1/ROC1) is a key protein found in the Skp1/Cullin-1/F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that functions with the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme CDC34. The solution structure of Rbx1/ROC1 revealed a globular RING domain (residues 40–108) stabilized by three structural zinc ions (root mean square deviation 0.30 ± 0.04 Å) along with a disordered N terminus (residues 12–39). Titration data showed that Rbx1/ROC1 preferentially recruits CDC34 in its ubiquitin-conjugated form and favors this interaction by 50-fold compared with unconjugated CDC34. Furthermore, NMR and biochemical assays identified residues in helix α2 of Rbx1/ROC1 that are essential for binding and activating CDC34∼ubiquitin for ubiquitylation. Taken together, this work provides the first direct structural and biochemical evidence showing that polyubiquitylation by the RING E3 ligase Rbx1/ROC1 requires the preferential recruitment of an E2∼ubiquitin complex and subsequent release of the unconjugated E2 protein upon ubiquitin transfer to a substrate or ubiquitin chain.


We describe a single-cuvette enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay (EUSA) based on enzymic ratekinetics.This kinetic assay can yield linear quantitative data on immu-noglobin concentrations. Optimum assay conditions, component concentrations, reaction intervals, and pH are described. Assay linearity and sensitivity are demonstrated in systems involving immunoglobulin G and antibodies to it, and with pooled sera from monkeys infected with Schistosoma mansoni. numerous ap-plications and advantages of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent


An elastic-plastic finite element analysis (FEA) is performed to examine the opening behavior of fatigue crack, where the contact elements are used in the mesh of the crack tip area. The relationship between fatigue crack opening behavior and cyclic crack tip opening displacement was studied in the previous study. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the element size when predict fatigue crack opening behavior using the cyclic crack tip opening displacement obtained from FEA. The cyclic crack tip opening displacement is well related to fatigue crack opening behavior.


Acknowledgments Introduction Patricia Erens I. Critical Methodology: Women and Representation Introduction Positive Images Screening Women's Films Linda Artel and Susan Wengraf There's More to a Positive Image Than Meets the Eye Diane Waldman The Place of Women in the Cinema of Raoul Walsh Pam Cook and Claire Johnston Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema Laura Mulvey Film and the Masquerade Theorizing the Female Spectator Mary Ann Doane Hitchock, Feminism, and the Patriarchal Unconscious Tania Modleski Women and Respresentation Can We Enjoy Alternative Pleasure? Jane Gaines II. Rereading Hollywood Films Introduction Gentlemen Consume Blondes Maureen Turim Pre-text and Text in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes Lucie Arbuthnot and Gail Seneca The Case of the Missing Mother Maternal Issues in Vidor's Stella Dallas E. Ann Kaplan "Something Else Besides a Mother" Stella Dallas and the Maternal Melodrama Linda Williams Seduced and Abandoned Recollection and Romance in Letter from an Unkown Woman Lucy Fischer Illicit Pleasures Feminist Spectators and Personal Best Elizabeth Ellsworth White Privilege and Looking Relations Race and Gender in Feminist Film Theory Jane Gaines III. Critical Methodology: Feminist Filmmaking Introduction The Political Aesthetics of the Feminist Documentary Film Julia Lesage Feminism, Film, and Public History Sonya Michel Textual Politics Annette Kuhn In the Name of Feminist Film Criticism B. Ruby Rich Rethinking Women's Cinema Aesthetics and Feminist Theory Teresa de Lauretis Dis-Embodying the Female Voice Kaja Silverman IV. Assessing Films Directed by Women Introduction Images and Women Robin Wood Unspoken and Unsolved Tell Me a Riddle Florence Jacobowitz and Lori Spring Desperately Seeking Difference Jackie Stacey Female Narration, Women's Cinema Helke Sander's The All-Round Reduced Personality/Redupers Judith Mayne Feminist or Tendentious? Marleen Gorris's A Question of Silence Mary C. Gentile Anti-Porn Soft Issue, Hard World B. Ruby Rich Variety The Pleasure in Looking Bette Gordon Glossary Selected Bibliography Index


Surface plasmons are usually described as surface waves with either a complex wavevector or a complex frequency. When discussing their merits in terms of field confinment or enhancement of the local density of states, controversies regularly arise as the results depend on the choice of a complex wavevector or a complex frequency. In particular, the shape of the dispersion curves depends on this choice. When discussing diffraction of surface plasmon a scalar approximation is often used. In this work, we derive two equivalent vectorial representations of a surface plasmon field using an expansion over surface waves with either a complex wavevector or a complex frequency. These representations can be used to account for propagation and diffraction of surface waves. They can also be used to discuss the issue of field confinment and local density of states as they have a non-ambiguous relation with the two dispersion relations.


The H19 is a maternally expressed imprinted gene transcribing a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which has previously been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between two lncRNA‐H19 (rs3741219 T>C and rs217727 C>T) gene polymorphisms with the risk of breast cancer (BC).


The objective of the research was to implement the Open Source Software in learning assessment. The assessment was a peer assessment. The peer assessment used iPeer 3.4 software, widely known as open source software. The iPeer 3.4 is a web based software, therefore it can be accessed anywhere through various existing devices. iPeer 3.4 was implemented in the course with two different groups of students, and survey was conducted on the assessment and the process of the assessment. The software has undergone the usability testing using System Usability Scale (SUS) developed by John Brook in 1986. The result of the test showed that the score for the software was 'B' and rated as 'good'. It indicated that the iPeer 3.4 was suitable software for peer assessment.


Children with learning disabilities in four types of special education settings were compared in terms of social acceptance, number of friends, quality of relationship with best friends, self-concept, loneliness, depression, social skills, and problem behaviors. Two of the placements (In-Class Support and Resource Room) were for children with mild to moderate learning disabilities and involved between 30 and 90 minutes of special education per school day. The other two placements (Inclusion Class and Self-Contained Special Education Class) were designated for children with severe learning disabilities and involved at least a half-day of special education. Children in the more inclusive placements had more positive social and emotional functioning. Children receiving In-Class Support were more accepted by peers, had higher self-perceptions of mathematics competence, and fewer problem behaviors than children receiving Resource Room Support. Children in Inclusion Classes had more satisfying relationships with their best school friends, were less lonely, and had fewer problem behaviors than children in Self-Contained Special Education Classes.


In this paper, we propose the Composition Modeling Framework (CMF) as a standards-based information engineering methodology that tackles existing and emerging Department of Defense (DoD) interoperability problems using a bottom-up approach. We introduce CMF capabilities within the context of an information space composed of repositories and a catalog that enables consumers' and producers' information requirements to be met. This information space supports dynamic and unscripted interaction among various producers and consumers, but its power as an information management tool is best harnessed when its participants share common goals operating in unison as a Community of Interest (COI). We present the CMF as one approach for representing the structure, meaning and abstract implementation of the underlying information space that services a COI and its participants. In addition to facilitating intra- COI interoperability, we demonstrate how CMF concepts can be used to construct cross-domain interoperability solutions by supporting inter-COI communication and understanding.


The utility model discloses an intelligent monitoring system for study rooms. The intelligent monitoring system for the study rooms is used for monitoring the study rooms. The intelligent monitoring system for the study rooms includes a controller and a plurality of seat monitoring device connected with the controlled wirelessly. The seat monitoring devices include piezo-resistive pressure sensors adhered to the surfaces of seats. The intelligent monitoring system for the study rooms also includes sound meters. According to the utility model, by arranging the seat monitoring devices and the sound meters in the study rooms, seat occupancy conditions and classroom quiet degrees can be monitored in real time. And through the processing of the controller, monitoring conditions are transmitted to a terminal and a host and are connected to the internet, so that students can know the conditions in the study rooms accurately through surfing the internet or through display screens arranged outside the study rooms and choose suitable study rooms with no need for seeking seats in different study rooms with efforts. Therefore, the studying efficiency is improved.


Present article provides a relational model and supporting activities of Total Quality Management (TQM), Just-in-time (JIT) as well as Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). By scrutinizing the concepts, preventive maintenance, 5S, Kaizen, Kanban, visual control, Poka Yoke, in addition to the Quality Control tools and instruments are the major and fundamental supporting activities. The related analysis indicates that preventive maintenance, 5S, and Kaizen are considered the base foundation of the three mentioned concepts. QC tools are the necessary activities for accomplishing and implementing TQM, while on the contrary, Poka-Yoke and visual control are the necessary activities for implementing and executing TPM. Kanban is needed for JIT after successfully implementing the TQM and TPM. © 2015 Bull.


Next generation UWB design needs higher data rates than those proposed by ECMA-368 in order to be competitive. This paper investigates ECMA-368 MAC performance for extended data rates. It is shown that throughput improves at these extended PHY rates, when PHY frame size (L) is increased to 8190 octets under reasonable BER values. This improvement is a function of the transfer size. L=8190 octets exhibits >16% (>100 Mbps) improvement over L=4095 octets, for large transfers (>65 K octets). This is a worthwhile change since doubling PHY frame size imposes minor incremental complexity relative to the overall effort to support the extended PHY rates. It is shown also that scaling L does not improve throughput for bad channels (PER>12% normalized to 4095 octet payload). To maintain higher throughput under bad channel conditions, we need the ability to increase L without increasing PER. This can be achieved by packing multiple MPDUs into a single PSDU, each with its own frame check sum. This reduces PER by making it a function of the MPDU size and not PHY frame size. Complex MAC changes are needed for such a scheme. Fortunately, this scheme is only needed under bad channel conditions which are not suitable for extended data rates to start with.


Multilayered films of Au/ZnO were prepared by physical vapor deposition. Varying the Au thickness, tAu, and the number of bilayers, n, allowed us to investigate the role of these parameters on the sample structural and electronic properties. X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy experiments, have been combined to UV-visible and infrared spectroscopy to characterize the multilayers in the as-prepared state and after annealing. In the as-prepared state, the strong Au and ZnO lattice interaction leads to ZnO epitaxy on Au. Gold appears either as continuous layers or in form of nanoparticles. ZnO experiences a structural transformation from wurztite to rock salt monitored by the Au morphology. Annealing at 500 °C destroys the lattice matching. The electronic and optical properties of the systems are understood in line with the Au morphology and ZnO structural state.


Xiangshan uranium orefield is one of the largest volcanic rock type hydrothermal uranium orefield in China. Beginning with modern warm hot-water in the orefield, and applying hydrogeochemistry and isotopic hydrogeology, this paper (analyzes) the geothermal characteristics of typical deposits, studies supply and heat sources of warm hot-water, and discusses the relation between hot-water and uranium mineralization according to the mechanism of uranium metallogenesis. The warm hot-water in Xiangshan orefield is hot-water of uplift fault type, meteoric water is the major supply source of warm hot-(water); deep circulation of groundwater and radioactive heat are the main channels for warm hot-water to obtain heat energy; hot-water activity made an important contribution to uranium metallogenesis; the uranium source mainly comes from water-rock interaction; a space unit is formed on integration with geothermal high field, warm hot-water and uranium mineralization which are controlled by base tectonics and volcano cover structure.


over the GBA pseudogene located 16 kb upstream on the same chromosome. Polymerase chain reactions were performed using the AmpliTaq Gold DNA Polymerase (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California, USA) as per manufacturer's instructions. Polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced at the Genome Quebec Innovation Centre (Montréal, Québec, Canada) using a 3730XL DNAnalyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California).


Over 400 Franciscana dolphins, Pontoporia blainvillei, were examined throughout the 12-mo fishing season that they are captured in gillnets set for sharks off Uruguay. Female sexual maturity was at 137–146 cm. Near-term fetuses 63–70 cm long were found between September and December. Main prey species in the austral summer were Cynoscion striatus, Porichthys porosissimus and Trichiurus lepturus, and in the austral winter, C. striatus, Trachurus lathami, and Engraulis anchoita. Common internal parasites included nematodes, Contracaecum sp. and at least one other genus, from the main stomach, and an acanthocephalan, Polymorphus cetaceum, found only in the stomachs. Past catches include a minimum of 536 between 1969 and 1973 taken in all months.


PURPOSE: A flexible display substrate is provided to prevent deformation in manufacturing process by supporting a glass substrate with an optical film. CONSTITUTION: A thin glass(110) is formed between a pair of thin film optics films. A laminated substrate is provided as an interlayer adhesive layer(120) between the thin film optics film and a thin film glass. The thin glass has excellent transparency and forms a barrier layer. An optical film(130) is formed at both sides of upper and lower part of the thin glass. An adhesive layer is coated at both sides of the thin glass and the optical film and is coated either side of the thin glass and the optical film.


Turkey's troubled southeast saw a sharp rise in human rights abuses last
month, with more than a third of detainees complaining they had been
tortured by police, a leading rights group said on Tuesday.


This work presents the implementation of the ultrasonic shear reflectance method for viscosity measurement of Newtonian liquids using wave mode conversion from longitudinal to shear waves and vice-versa. The method is based on measuring the complex reflection coefficient (magnitude and phase) at a solid-liquid interface. Viscosity measurements were made in the range from 1 to 3.5 MHz at 22.5degC for automotive oil (SAE40) and at 15degC for olive oil. Moreover, measurements of the olive oil were also conducted in the range from 15 to 30degC at 3.5 MHz. The experimental results agree with those provided by a rotational viscometer


Measurements were made of the diffraction patterns of circular apertures from 0.2 to 1.0 wavelength in diameter when a plane polarized electromagnetic wave was incident normally upon them. Microwaves of wavelengths 16 cm and 32 cm were employed. The intensity of radiation relative to that of the unperturbed beam was determined at points along the electric and magnetic diameters of the apertures. The data disagreed with calculations from Young's circuital form in two major ways: (1) A sharp increase in intensity was observed at the ends of the electric diameter, (2) a surprising peak in intensity at the centers of apertures near one‐half wavelength in diameter was 50 percent greater than calculations from the integral. A more complete interpretation of Young's theory of diffraction would include multiple reflections from the edges. The high intensity at the center of the aperture a half‐wavelength in diameter was qualitatively accounted for by multiple reflections from the edges near the ends of the magnetic diameter.


Opioid abuse remains a serious public health challenge despite the availability of effective medications. Recent studies showed that the pseudoirreversible mu opioid receptor antagonist methocinnamox (MCAM) attenuates the reinforcing and respiratory‐depressant effects of heroin in rhesus monkeys, suggesting it could be an effective treatment for opioid abuse and overdose. The current study extends this work by evaluating MCAM for its capacity to attenuate the reinforcing effects of the potent, high‐efficacy opioid fentanyl. Because successful treatment of opioid use disorder requires long‐term and, usually, repeated treatment, the current study also evaluated effects of repeated MCAM administration.


In this article we provide a three dimensional model of sustainable development, that shows the convection of sustainable development to economical, social and ecological efficiency, where efficiency is understood as an amount of total value created per harm done to social and ecological environment. We determine that currently most of the value and harm is generated in the organisational networks, so sustainable development is directly dependent on the efficiency of those networks. We show the importance of coordination system in ensuring the efficiency of network organisations, by analysing the CPFR model of coordination system and the means that are required to successfully implement this model. In the end of the article we provide the model that shows the connections between coordination system in network organisations and sustainable development. JEL codes: L14, M19, Q01.


Regular processor array implementations lack efficiency due to limitations set by data dependences in order to enable regular data flow. Efficient processor arrays implement data flow of all variables and avoid static variables that require intensive data loads from memory introducing idle processor activity. Most of existing design methods and techniques that map algorithms onto processor arrays are based on linear mappings and just transform the algorithm dependence graphs in space-time graphs. Obtained processor arrays do not reach the required efficiency, producing "bubbles" when the processor is not performing a reasonable operation in alternative time moments, i.e. producing idle activity. The results in this research show implementations that can eliminate mentioned problems and can reach maximum efficiency, except for processor data load and store activities. The implementations are based on non-linear transformations that include folding, double mapping and fast systolic designs. There are theoretical and experimental proofs which designs can reach the most efficient processor array implementations by introducing the fastest processors array implementations


The uniqueness of Borobudur Temple is attracting the tourist both domestic and foreign. It also becomes the tourism icon in Indonesia. One of the appeal of Borobudur Temple is it was built by thousands stones without any adhesive. Besides, the other uniqueness is Borobudur Temple belongs to Syailendra Dynasty's heritage which is very luxurious. It becomes one of the religion tourism because it is the biggest budhist temple in Indonesia even in the world. Nowadays, only the government who gives fund for the operational and maintenance of Borobudur Temple. It should be not only the government's load but also the community's duty for taking part in maintaining the Borobudur Temple.
The main objective of this research is for estimating the amount of Willingness to Pay (WTP) for community about the conservation dealing to national heritage, Borobudur Temple. The method which is used for collecting the primary data is Accidental method. The amount of sample is 105 respondents. The indepth interview is done to collect the respondents' social-economy characteristics they are gender, marital status, age, educational background and respondents' income. For the secondary data the method which is used is documentation from related party. This research is using descriptive analysis and Willingness to Pay analysis which the method used is Contingent Valuation Method (CVM).
Characteristic of Borobudur Temple visitors are predominantly female, with the status of unmarried and aged between 21 and 30 years old. Most visitors are educated gradute with an average monthly income of Rp 2.700.000,00. In general the public proundand happy ancestral heritage that exists to this day, even the visitors gave high mark to the ancestral heritage. And for Borobudur temple as one of the existing heritage, they are willing to contribute in preserving the legacy of life on an ongoing basis. For the result of the analysis, the factors which are influenced significantly to a person's willing for paying is the income factors, educational background and age. From the value analysis EWTP is got Rp 35.000,00 for paying to the next maintenance. From this value is found that the factor which significantly influenced is gender and income factors.


The Catholic Church and revolution in Ireland Author(s) Ó hAdhmaill, Féilim Publication date 2013-12 Original citation Ó hAdhmaill, F. (2013) 'The Catholic Church and revolution in Ireland', Socialist History, 43, pp: 1-25. Type of publication Article (peer-reviewed) Link to publisher's version http://www.socialist-history-journal.org.uk/ Access to the full text of the published version may require a subscription. Rights © 2013, Socialist History Society. Item downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2852


The flow in the melt will affect the morphology of solidification but has rarely been studied quantitatively, be− cause of difficulties in controlling melt flow near the tip of a dendrite. The supercooled melt in circular loop is par− tially heated to drive the Inelt and to cause the melt flow by buoyancy. The dendritic growth in this forced melt flow is studied for the supercooled pure succinonitrile. The growth rate of the dendrite tip increases with the in− crease of forced melt flow when the flow is colning to the tip. The flow affects more significantly the growth rate of dendrite in lower supercooling than in higher supercooling in the melt.


Inflation predicts that quantum fluctuations determine the large scale structure of the Universe. This raises the striking possibility that quantum mechanics, developed to describe nature at short distances, can be tested by studying nature at its most immense—cosmology. We illustrate the potential of such a test by adapting the simplest form of the inflationary paradigm. A nonlinear generalization of quantum mechanics modifies predictions for the cosmological power spectrum. If we assume that the nonlinear parameter b is a comoving quantity observational cosmology, within the context of single field inflation, is sufficiently precise to place a stringent limit, b⩽ 3× 10−37 eV, on the current, physical size of the nonlinear term.


By the end of 1973, Eurodif partners decided to build the Tricastin plant. Considering the circumstances that existed at that time, the target was very ambitious, i.e., starting up of the first units in 1978 and obtaining the full capacity in 1982. This paper will describe the corporate arrangements for Eurodif, the type of organization chosen for the project, and the plant construction and its start-up. The Eurodif plant is based on the French technology for gaseous diffusion. It shows an original design, giving optimization of the cost, a compulsory aspect for a project of such a size. The components of the cascade, as well as the characteristics of the Tricastin site will be described. Finally, the different steps of the plant start-up will be explained. As the plant today is in full production and the goals are reached, it has been possible to evaluate the performance, which fully confirms the hypothesis on which the project was based originally. Thanks to this success, Eurodif is today a reliable supplier for almost 30% of the world enrichment capacity and its extension can be considered with confidence.


The polymerization kinetics and thermal properties of dicyanate/clay nanocomposites were investigated. A type of organically modified clay was used as nanometer-size fillers for the thermosetting dicyanate resin. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the curing behavior of the dicyanate/clay nanocomposite systems. The polymerization rate of the nanocomposite systems increased with increasing clay content. An autocatalytic reaction mechanism could adequately describe the polymerization kinetics of the dicyanate/clay nanocomposite systems. The polymerization kinetic parameters were determined by fitting the DSC conversion data to the proposed kinetic equation. The glass-transition temperature of the dicyanate/clay nanocomposites increased with increasing clay content. The thermal decomposition behavior of the dicyanate/clay nanocomposites was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1955–1960, 2004


Every time you mentally subtract the cost of a cup of coffee from the money you hand over, you make use of one of the most remarkable human intellectual achievements - the use of zero in a positional notation. Take an average medical student: in the first year he\she will likely know more physics than Isaac Newton, and half way through his\her degree know more medicine that Osler. It is one of the striking aspects of our culture that we can take insights that have required the greatest leaps of imagination and package and distribute them so that their application is almost effortless. Science, as has been said before, is about making what was once profound, trivial. What is perhaps even more unexpected is that those of us less gifted can not only stand on the shoulders of those who have gone before, but fashion their achievements into new structures, structures that furnish us with new and useful knowledge almost as a matter of routine. Take the modern randomised clinical trial (RCT) as an example.


Development of a temporal geographic information system (GIS) and spatio-temporal data modeling are key to incorporating time into geographic information science. This paper describes how to design and develop temporal GIS that will work with spatio-temporal data represented in various data models, and it introduces a prototype temporal GIS with a case study. In temporal GIS, the integration of multiple spatio-temporal representations is based on common spatial and temporal reference systems. In other words, a map window of temporal GIS visualizes spatio-temporal data valid at the same time within one spatial area. To achieve such visualization, separate data editing and query modules are required for each spatio-temporal data model (STDM). In the temporal query interface, after a user specifies a time, the system automatically hires correspondent modules to retrieve spatio-temporal data valid at that time. Besides temporal queries common to all STDMs, each module may provide additional temporal query capabilities specific to that STDM. In the case study, I implement a prototype temporal GIS for three STDMs. The examples of query and visualization, which use three datasets (census data, land use/land cover, and elevation data) demonstrate the prototype temporal GIS can integrate multiple temporal representations.


One object of the present invention, to suppress an uncomfortable feeling during off is to provide a vehicle lamp control system capable of enhancing the appearance. Headlamp control unit, when the state of forming the additional light distribution pattern using the first current distribution turns off the plurality of semiconductor light emitting element of the second lamp unit, a plurality of semiconductor based on the second current distribution after the light-emitting element and the lighting state, it performs control to all of the semiconductor light emitting element unlit.


Literature on the history of the Franciscans in Mexico from the XVI to the XIX centuries goes from abundant to scarce. There are many studies on the XVI Century and practically none on the XIX Century. The focus of this thesis is on recovering the history of the Franciscans in Mexico in the XIX Century when there was a crisis in this evangelizing order of the Americas. This was the product of the negative effects of the Enlightenment, internal conflicts within the religious communities, a result of the loss of Franciscan charisma, the secularization of doctrines and the final blow ? the application of the Reform Laws beginning in the middle of the century. We have especially focused on the study of the history of the Nuestro Serafico Padre San Francisco de Bucareli Convent, differentiating it from the old Bucareli mission. We put special emphasis on the presence of the Franciscans in Michoacan Province and the great work begun in 1896 which consisted of the construction of the convent with two patios, a library, kitchen, refectory and the construction of an aqueduct more than four kilometers long that brought water from the Platano stream to the conventito (little convent), as the local people call it, located on a hill approximately 100 meters from the town. The reason given for the construction of this convent in the semi-desert area of Queretaro is the same given by M.R.P. Friar Antonio de Jesus Munoz y Ortiz, general delegate for the government of the five Franciscan Provinces which existed at the end of the XIX Century in the Mexican Republic: to try to establish regular observance and the common life in these Provinces under his charge and do whatever is necessary?so that they may be freed of the state of prostration and dejectedness to which they are subjected by the circumstances of the times, returning to that primitive splendor and movement which in other times made them shine...and gave such abundant fruits of holiness and spiritual perfection within our Mexican church. The opening of the novitiate in 1900 for the five dying Franciscan provinces in Mexico generated enthusiasm for the establishment of the common life in all of the country, until its cancellation with the application of the 1908 restoration promoted by the M.R.P. Commissary General, Friar Jose M. Bottaro. Unfortunately, the Bucareli convent did not achieve the objective of restoring the religious life in the Mexican Republic, since the crisis of the Franciscan Order in the XIX Century continued until the middle of the XX Century and greatly surpassed the possibilities of the novitiate itself


Our project goal was to produce a visual management system for Primetals for the MMD-2 and VMC-5 machines. We first defined the relevant key process indicators (KPIs), produced a specification detailing the importance of specific KPIs and from where to collect relevant data. With this information we produced a visual design which was then modeled using the programming language python to make a functioning application. As our application is a mockup of the final product, we then performed market research and a business analysis to compare alternative visual management software's for Primetals. Our MQP deliverables are: KPI specification of important KPIs, a visual design of a screen to display these KPIs, an application mockup, market analysis of alternative software options, and a business analysis of the selected companies. After conducting qualitative, quantitative and business analysis we can conclude that Predator MDC is the preferred software alternative.


RESULTS — The HbA 1c level was negatively associated with the polyunsaturated fat–to– saturated fat ratio (P:S ratio) of the diet ( 0.0338 HbA 1c% per SD change in P:S ratio; P 0.001) and positively associated with the total level of fat intake ( 0.0620 HbA 1c% per SD change in total fat intake; P 0.001), adjusted for age and total energy intake. The associations remained significant when adjusted for each other and for total energy, protein, age, sex, family history of diabetes, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, physical activity, and smoking (for P:S ratio, 0.0200 HbA 1c% per SD change in P:S ratio, P 0.013; for total fat, 0.420% HbA1c% per SD change in total fat intake, P 0.001). The benefits from a high P:S ratio were attributed to a lower saturated fat intake. CONCLUSIONS — These findings demonstrate independent associations between HbA 1c concentration across the normal range of HbA1c and both total fat intake and the pattern of dietary fat intake. They provide further support to efforts promoting modifications in the intake of dietary fat. Diabetes Care 24:1911–1916, 2001


Synopsis : A new method obtaining a low and uniform velocity distribution at the immersion nozzle outlet was developed imposing a swirling flow pattern at the entrance region of a divergent nozzle in the preceding paper. Results of the water model are in good accordance with those calculated using a turbulent k-E model. In addition, the mechanism for obtaining the uniform flow pattern at the nozzle outlet was correlated with the flow pattern of the nozzle and the swirl strength. Those results show that by changing the strength of the swirl motion in the pouring tube of an immersion nozzle, it is easy to control the flow pattern and the direction of the flow at the nozzle exit. A same numerical investigation was also done for a molten steel system in which swirl is generated by a rotating magnetic field imposed on the pouring tube. Such an effect of the swirling can provide a uniform and low velocity flow of molten steel at the nozzle outlet, which is very desirable for continuous casting purpose.


Method and intelligent control system of a production tooling. A method and a system based on the use of an intelligent module (1) (computational) permanently installed in a production tooling (2) with capacity to acquire and memorize production data and expert evaluation of results in each cycle is proposed. in a learning stage, which generates an expert model to evaluate each productive cycle in the autonomous manufacturing phase and orders the necessary control actions to the production machinery that incorporates said tooling for the continuous optimization of the process.


conscientious refusal. However, the fact that there is a non-zero probability of something immoral happening is not all we can know about a given situation, and certainly not all the conscientiously-objecting pharmacist can know about the use of EC. We can know that the immoral thing is more or less likely to occur — often our approximation will be considerably more specific than merely non-zero. We can know whether or not the immoral thing is intended, by whom, and for what reasons. We can know whether the immoral thing is a more or less direct causal result of the professional's actions. We can know that the immoral thing is a more or less seriously wrong. We can know roughly on a scale whether the immoral thing is widely understood as such or whether it is uniquely understood that way by the individual professional. Each of these is necessary for evaluating the reasonableness of the professional's refusal to participate. In fact, we assume there are other categories relevant to the comprehensive ethical evaluation of contributing to an unethical act. It seems clear from these observations that Card (2007) uses the zero probability argument as a bit of a straw man. The conscientious objector does not rely on such a simplistic claim. In fact, conscientious objection can and should be evaluated in light of a variety of components, rather than the mere possibility that one's actions will contribute to an unethical result. Specifically, conscientious objection appears to be made more plausible by a variety of factors, including the likelihood, intentionality, causal directness, degree of consensus, and not least, the severity of the unethical action.


Measured velocity data has revealed that although both Vp and Vs of sandstones varies systematically to porosity, clay content and differential pressure, they correlate simply as shown in equation (1). No apparent effects of porosity, clay content and differential pressure on equation (1) suggests that, in first order, there is a simple linear relationship of Vp and Vs to these parameters. The simple Vp-Vs relation seems to tie with texture of sand aggregates.


We have been treated over the past month to a number of examples of what can only be described as a media feeding frenzy over various issues relating to health and residential care professionals. Media involvement in cases of public interest can hasten the bringing to justice of those who abuse the trust that the public put in our professions. However, we have also seen a darker side of trial by media, when a nurse and then an award-winning journalist have been found 'guilty' and thrown to the lions.


Objective: To analyze the expansion of nursing roles in primary care in the English National Health Service and the implications for professional practice. Method: qualitative research in case study format, held in London, England, in six primary care units. Data were obtained through interviews with nine nurses. After the thematic data analysis, two units emerged: the nurses' performance characteristics and effects of the expansion of nursing roles. Results: expansion of nurses' roles: consultation, diagnosis and drug therapy, case management and monitoring of chronic conditions. Repercussions: for the user, there was improved access, communication and comprehensive care, increased duration of consultations, resulting in greater adherence; for nurses, there was the expansion of professional skills, knowledge and professional recognition; to the health care system, it resulted in cost savings. Conclusion: benefi ts in expanding nursing roles, were visible, contributing to primary care quality.


A key defining characteristic of timebanking is that all activities are valued equally and in terms of time, with an hour contributed by a legal expert rendered equivalent to an hour of dog-walking. Leeds Creative Timebank (LCT), shares this principle, but is currently the only UK bank dedicated to the collaborative exchange of time among creative practitioners. The team is working on an experimental social design intervention that explores the practices of collaborative exchange as experienced by, and through a co-commissioned study undertaken with LCT, to investigate the value(s) of creative collaborative exchange in this emerging parallel economy. The authors employed methods that allow them to work within the ethos and economy of the LCT, with each investigator having an equal number of hour-long denominations deposited for them in the bank, to enable participation in the bank on the same basis as other members. The assembled 'hours' were invested in individuals' participation in two workshops and the co-production of two outputs: a research report and a creative publication. This experimental method assemblage allowed to explore how collaboration supports the creation of multiple values from within LCT, while also affording members a position from which to develop critical approaches to collaborative exchange from without.


The Opportunity-to-Learn framework has provided policymakers and researchers a means to develop strategies to measure classroom practices. In particular, the measure of the delivered content has been shown to be a good predictor of student achievement on tests. The method presented in this article uses classroom artifacts as the main data source to determine the attention teachers give to various content in the curriculum. The number of treatments that address set learning outcomes was the unit of measurement employed in this method. The article illustrates how this method was used to describe content delivery and how content emphasis exposed the differences between two teachers following the same prescribed syllabus. This method is best applied at the secondary school level to measure one component of the delivered curriculum. Finally, the limitations and potential of this method are discussed for use in research and for school improvement.


The PM10 time-series datas of Yibin city,Sichuan Province from July 1,2004 to October 31,using Eviews3.1 author analyzes.ARMA model is establisted and PM10 Concentration is predicted.The result shows that the model has a good prediction effect. Maximum residual is less than 10%. Predictions are consistent with the actual situation of the basic.


Phalloidin and immunogold labeling were used to localize actinfilaments in the ruminal pilar epithelium of adult catde on the light and electron microscopic level.


This article adopts a Systemic Functional Linguistics framework of appraisal theory to interpret the behavioural and attitudinal resources in written narratives and proposes the idea of proximity as an alternative representation to explain the meaning-making process of Chinese students' possible selves in a less examined context of UK-based transnational university in China, by focusing on the lexical and semantic explanation of how these Chinese students use and are mediated by contextual resources in discourse. Six written narratives were collected from six Chinese students from the School of International Communications at the University of Nottingham Ningbo China (UNNC). The overall findings revealed that all six Chinese students from different years shaped proximal past, current and future possible disciplinary selves through repeated engagement and positive alignment with the contextual values, although they had differentiated developmental processes of using and being mediated by the contextual recourses. This article concludes by arguing for a need to investigate the Chinese learners in the current changing world by looking at their repertoire experience of disciplinary learning and reservoir context.


Kinematics emulation of rod jaw has been done through many-body dynamics software.The locus of rod jaw has been gained,and theoretical analysis verified,offering help to further development.


Somatic mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) or 2 (IDH2) genes are found in 7-14% and 8-19% of AML. IDH1R132, IDH2R140 and IDH2R172mutations are most frequent in cytogenetically normal AML (25-30% of cases) and significantly associated with NPM1 mutations (except for IDH2R172). Their prognostic significance depends on mutational context (NPM1 and FLT3-ITD status) and on type of mutation: IDH1R132 has a possible adverse effect, IDH2R140 is associated with a favorable effect while the IDH2R172 effect remains controversial (Green C, Blood 2011; Papaemmanuil E, NEJM 2016). IDH1/2 mutations induce a neomorphic enzyme that overproduces the 2-hydroxyglutarate oncometabolite and thus have emerged as promising therapeutic targets. Indeed, AG-120 (IDH1 inhibitor) and AG-221 (IDH2 inhibitor) have shown encouraging activity in phase I trials including Rel/Ref AML pts though median OS are not yet reported. The prognosis of IDH mutated pts at this phase of the disease is not well described in routine practice outside clinical trials. The primary objective of this study was to describe characteristics and outcome of AML pts with IDH1/2 mutations treated in routine practice by intensive chemotherapy from both diagnosis and Rel/Ref phase of the disease. This study included 1603 pts admitted at the Toulouse University Hospital and/or registered in the Oncomip regional Network from January, 1st, 2000 to December, 31st, 2014. This database included all cases of AML pts treated by intensive chemotherapy since 2000 then, starting from 2007, all consecutive patients whatever their treatment (Bories P, Am J Hematol 2014; Bertoli S, Blood 2013). Molecular analyses were performed at diagnosis or retrospectively from stored samples. Only first relapses after standard intensive chemotherapy were considered for this analysis and refractory disease was defined as failure following one course of induction chemotherapy including or not a second course for patients with more than 5% bone marrow blasts at day 15. Treatment distributions were as follows: 984 pts received intensive chemotherapy, 224 azacitidine and 312 best supportive care. Mutational status of IDH1 and IDH2 was available for 465 pts of whom, 422 received intensive chemotherapy as first line therapy, 21 azacitidine and 20 BSC. The study focalized on pts treated by intensive chemotherapy: 349 IDH1/2wt (82%), 32 IDH1R132 (7.5%), 31 IDH2R140 (7.3%) and 11 IDH2R172 (2.6%). IDH2R140 (59y, IQR, 54-66.5) and IDH2R172 (60y, 42.5-64) pts were older than IDH1R132 (53y, 43.8-59.3) and IDHwt (52y, 39-62) pts. IDH2R172 pts had lower WBC count (2.1 G/l, 1.35-4.6) as compared to IDHwt (18 G/l, 4.3-66.9), IDH1R132 (14.7 G/l, 2.1-47.5) and IDH2R140 (21.5 G/l, 4.1-43). De novo AML was found in 85%, 94%, 74% and 73% of IDHwt, IDH1R132, IDH2R140 and IDH2R172 pts, respectively. Only 3 IDH1R132 and 3 IDH2R140 pts had unfavorable karyotype whereas 2 IDH2R140 pts had CBF-AML. Complete response was achieved in 80%, 91%, 74% and 100% of IDHwt, IDH1R132, IDH2R140 and IDH2R172 pts, respectively. Median overall survival (OS) from diagnosis was 23.6, 20.9, 35.8 and 41.1 months in IDHwt, IDH1R132, IDH2R140 and IDH2R172 pts, respectively. 185 Rel/Ref patients with IDH1/2-defined mutational status received salvage therapy with intensive chemotherapy (68%); azacitidine (18%) or other treatments (14%): 144 IDHwt (36 Ref/108 Rel), 18 IDH1R132 (3 Ref/15 Rel) and 23 IDH2R140/R172 (8 Ref/15 Rel). Complete response was achieved in 62 IDHwt (43%), 9 IDH1R132 (50%) and 12 IDH2R140/R172 (52%) pts, respectively. Median OS and 3-year OS from failure or relapse were: IDHwt: 7.6 months/19%; IDH1R132: 5.9 months/8% and IDH2R140/R172: 11 months/23%. Observational data should be considered complementary to that provided by randomized clinical trials. They provide data collected in a non-selected general population, while participants in clinical trials are generally under very restrictive eligibility criteria. In refractory or relapsed patients who received salvage therapy, substantial differences may be observed according to the subtype of mutations, IDH1R132 having the poorest prognosis. IDH2R172 appears to confer a more favorable outcome (3-year OS from diagnosis: 61%). Disclosures Tavitian:Novartis: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Huguet:Pfizer, Novartis, BMS, Ariad, Jazz, Amgen: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Recher:Celgene, Sunesis, Amgen, Novartis, Chugai: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.


Gain-switched DFB-SLDs are more susceptible to (uncorrelated) timing jitter than gain-switched Fabry-Perot SLDs. Continuous wave (CW) light injection was used previously to suppress the pulse timing jitter. Electroabsorption modulators (EAM) can be used to generate optical pulse trains from a CW optical source that can be readily synchronised to a network clock. The synthesis of the two methods, gain-switching and electroabsorption modulation, where the chirped pulses from a gain-switched DFB laser diode were temporally filtered with an EAM to reduce pulse width variation has been demonstrated. We report an extension of this method where CW light injection was used to reduce uncorrelated timing jitter and an EAM was used to suppress the pulse pedestal. The pulses that resulted had an uncorrelated root-mean-square timing jitter (URTJ) of 0.6 ps and a pedestal extinction of more than 25 dB.


Research studies on the damped cable system (DCS) for seismic protection of frame structures are presented in this paper and the accompanying one. This technology includes prestressed steel cables linked to pressurized fluid viscous spring‐dampers fixed to the foundation at their lower ends, and to the top floor, or one of the upper floors, at their upper ends. The cables have sliding contacts with the floor slabs, to which they are joined by steel deviators. The general characteristics of the system, as well as of the constituting spring‐dampers and cables, are initially discussed. The results of a laboratory testing campaign developed on a DCS prototype are examined, and transferred into the formulation of the finite element model of the system, conceived to be easily generated by commercial structural analysis programs. A second dynamic experimental investigation follows, concerning a pilot installation of the system on a full‐scale mock‐up building. The benefits of the protective technology are evaluated in terms of maximum displacements and accelerations, as well as of equivalent viscous damping coefficient and MDOF transmissibility ratio. Further sections of the study, including a preliminary sizing criterion of DCS, additional numerical enquiries aimed at optimizing its geometrical layout, and the application to a real case study building, are offered in the companion paper. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Single-phase cubic GaN and InN layers are grown by plasma assisted MBE. The temperature-dependence of the surface reconstruction is elaborated. The structural stability of the cubic growth in dependence of the growth stoichiometry is studied by RHEED measurements and numerical simulations of the experimental RHEED patterns. Growth oscillations on cubic GaN and during the growth of GaN-InN single quantum wells are recorded at nearly stoichiometric adatom coverage. Photoluminescence reveals the dominant optical transitions of cubic GaN and InN. Using in-situ RHEED to control the surface stoichiometry it is possible to grow N-stabilized layers resulting in intrinsic p-type GaN epilayers with hole concentrations of about p equals 1 X 1013 cm-3 and mobilities of about (mu) p equals 320 cm2/Vs, respectively.


The one-semester elective in film study that I inherited from another teacher in 1980 had been taught as a film history course. What I began to emphasize in my work with students was visual literacy, the ability to analyze and interpret images, and the political nature of film. I also began to realize in the course of my work with film students that showing a film was often a way to frame a discussion on a variety of topics that are not always easy or approachable in the classroom. In Framing Dropouts (1991, 34), Michelle Fine discusses the institutional tradition of


The van der Waals (vdW) equation of state predicts a strange mode of behaviour, called the vdW loop, for the PV isotherm in the vapour-liquid coexistence region. Similar behaviour is commonly observed also for the PV isotherm in the same region in molecular dynamics simulations. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations have been performed for a large system composed of 55 296 particles to confirm whether the vdW loop tends to vanish as expected with such a large-scale simulation. The simulation result shows that the amplitude of the vdW loop exhibits a remarkable system-size dependence. The vdW loop of the present 55 296-particle system is found to be much weaker than that of the 256-particle system. The amplitude of the vdW loop has been studied in terms of the characteristic domain size, and is found to decrease with the growth of the average domain size.


This paper reviews the definition,construction,importance and measurement indicators of brand loyalty.The two-dimensional point of view of brand loyalty has received a broad consensus in the academic field through theoretical overview.At the same time,a large number of qualitative research and empirical study has indicated that brand loyalty is not only an important component of brand equity;high brand loyalty can also lead to higher real economic benefits.In the research field of brand loyalty measurement,most scholars take the view that brand loyalty can be divided into two major categories of behavior and attitude indicator.However,in most empirical studies only behavioral tendencies and attitudes indicators are used,and lack the customers' actual buying behavior measurements.


As the strain on health care continues to grow worldwide, the need for reliable decision-making has never been more apparent. The computerisation of electronic health records has provided a wealth of data that can be applied to various medical use cases. Machine Learning algorithms are exploited to try and assist with making effective decisions. The resulting contributions within this work demonstrate that it is possible to lean on advancements in computer science to develop support tools for medical practitioners which assist in their decision-making processes. This thesis contributes four core advances to the research domain: Firstly the enhancement of current mortality prediction systems in intensive care units was considered. Comparing multiple Machine Learning classifiers with optimised pipelines produced results that were both comparable and more effective at determining patient mortality than the existing APACHE II model. The most encouraging classifier was Decision Trees whilst being trained using: K-fold cross validation, Grid search hyper-parameter tuning and SMOTE achieving an average AUROC score of 0.93 and accuracy of 0.92. Unlike other mortality prediction systems which are often trained on small cohorts of data, a method of retraining and optimising for different patient cohorts is introduced. Retraining based on a patients age or admission in to the ICU is also considered as a novel approach of keeping support tools up to date. An ensemble imputation method has been developed that can be used to generate the missing data in a real life dataset. This has produced accuracy and recall results comparable to current state of the art techniques when applied to the Cleveland hospital dataset. In this work, strategies to rebalance datasets are investigated to predict early onset Sepsis. One promising approach examined in this thesis is the use of the RUSboost algorithm. This enabled the optimisation of a classifier that has a high fidelity without overfitting.


Purpose of the research to understood and got the data in empiris wise about the influence of clasical learning model and individual learning toward the result lay up basket ball on student X 9 class SMA YP UNILA Bandar Lampung in academic years 2011/2012.
Kind of research was used experimental, population is student class X 9 SMA YP UNILA Bandar Lampung, be in use 38 students as the sample data collecting. Technique was used test lay up weight 1-3 as for analysis technique was used differently t-test and influence t-test.
Result of the research showed: firstly, clasical learning model can increase the result of learned lay up basket ball with average test 50,16 and last test 80,74. Second, individual learned model can increase the result of learned lay up basket ball with average 50,63 and final test 82,79. Third, individual is more fluently toward increased result of learning lay up on basket ball student class X 9 SMA YP UNILA Bandar Lampung 82,79. So the model is more influential in learned lay up basket ball is individual learning model.
Recommendation from result of the researcher can used in learning lay up basket ball was used individual learning model.
Key word: Model, Learned, Result Learning


We establish precise estimates for the probability of rare events of the largest eigenvalue of Wigner matrices with sub-Gaussian entries. In contrast to the case of Wigner matrices with heavier tails, where deviations are governed by the appearance of a few large entries, and the sharp sub-Gaussian case that is governed by the collective deviation of entries in a delocalized rank-one pattern, we show that in the general sub-Gaussian case that deviations can be caused by a mixture of localized and delocalized changes in the entries. Our key result is a finite-$N$ approximation for the probability of rare events by an optimization problem involving \emph{restricted annealed free energies} for a spherical spin glass model. This allows us to derive full large deviation principles for the largest eigenvalue in several cases, including when the law of the matrix entries is compactly supported and symmetric, as well as the case of randomly sparsified GOE matrices.


The method for establishing a media for communications associated with the positioning information service provided in association with a communication system is disclosed. In this method, the user equipment, the user equipment, when visiting a home communication network other than the network of the user equipment, the user equipment on the user plane connection, and at least one location service entity information that allows the communication is provided. This information is then in a communication network that is visited, between the user device and the location service entity may be used for the establishment of the user plane connection.


Datasets from controlled experiments have become available to describe transcript behavior, protein dynamics, and metabolite composition in a number of model species. Employing new mathematical and statistical tools, we have analyzed more than 2000 transcript profiling experiments carried out with Arabidopsis thaliana. The resulting fuzzy k-means clusters provided structures that could easily be visualized and graphs of transcript co-expression correlations based on the Graphical Gaussian Model (GGM). The gene network models trace conditional co-expression characteristics of surprising clarity and significant correspondence with current knowledge predominantly for biochemical pathways and environmental (biotic and abiotic) stress-dependent regulons, while adding novel, largely unknown functions to groups of genes. These graphs begin to reveal predictive qualities of regulatory interactions in Arabidopsis gene expression, many of which may be extended to plants in general. Beginning more than a decade ago, genomics approaches have been sustained by technological leaps forward that have now produced such an ocean of data that requires ways to organize the data into channels that can be safely navigated. This necessity has been addressed by the development of new mathematical and statistical methods starting with a few seminal works. Tools that would allow us to recognize the principles hidden within or behind the data have been emerging slowly for several reasons. Possibly the most severe impediment, especially early on, has been the relative scarcity of reliable high-volume, quality-controlled and coherent datasets. As more stringently controlled experiments became available, some systematic attempts have been directed to introducing bioinformatics approaches aimed at organizing the wealth of data. Yet another obstacle, it seems, is the still ongoing process by which bioinformaticists and molecular biologists become conversant with each others concepts and languages. In only the last few years have we seen progress in the navigational tools that organized data to generate gene and protein networks to gradually expand to include genetic information, the response to environmental insults, metabolite dynamics and across-species, comparative genomics data. Apart from 1


Citric acid (CA) evoked cough in anesthetized guinea pigs (GPs) depends upon the activation of nodose ganglia neurons that are acid‐sensitive but capsaicin‐insensitive and project to the laryngeal, tracheal and mainstem bronchial mucosa. Using single cell PCR and diminazene (DZ), a potent and selective inhibitor of ASICs, we have addressed the hypothesis that acid evoked cough in anesthetized guinea pigs is ASIC dependent. In vitro, DZ inhibited 1mM CA evoked action potential (AP) discharge in the capsaicin‐insensitive afferent neurons projecting to the trachea (CA evoked 44±7, 36±9, 15±4 and 1±1 APs in control preparations and following treatment with 1, 10 and 100μM DZ, respectively; n=3–5). In vivo, DZ inhibited cough evoked by CA (0.001–2M) applied topically to the tracheal mucosa (CA evoked 8±1, 6±1, 3±2 and 0±0 coughs in control and in GPs pretreated topically with 1, 10 and 100μM DZ, respectively; n=4–8). By contrast, the TRPV1 antagonist SB366791 (10μM) nearly abolished 0.1μM capsaicin‐evoked contractions of the GP trachea in vitro but was without effect on CA evoked cough (8±1 coughs; n=5). Single cell PCR revealed that nodose ganglia neurons retrogradely labeled from the trachea do not express TRPV1 mRNA (0/9) but do (8/9) express either ASIC1 (6/9) and/or ASIC3 (5/9) mRNA. Together, these data implicate ASICs in the acid evoked coughing evoked from the airway mucosa.


Abstract The phenotype of prostate adenocarcinoma tumor initiating cells, also called cancer stem cells, has not been determined for primary prostate tumors. Both multipotent progenitors and luminal progenitor cells, residing in the basal or luminal compartments respectively, can act as prostate cancer cells of origin. The phenotype of tumor initiating cells may be similar to the cancer cell of origin or to its differentiated progeny. We have analyzed the phenotype of tumor initiating cells in a mouse model of aggressive prostate cancer initiated by Probasin promoter-driven Cre (Pb-Cre) dependent deletion of Pten and TP53 . Pten deletion results in the development of PIN/adenocarcinoma, while combined Pten / TP53 deletion results in more aggressive progression, associated with significant tumor heterogeneity. The heterogeneity associated with the Pb-Cre4 Pten −/− TP53 −/− mouse model is manifested in tumors consisting primarily of adenocarcinoma with foci of basal squamous carcinoma. The cellular source of this heterogeneity is unknown but may result from transformation of multipotent progenitors, or alternatively, from independent transformations of committed progenitors to the basal and luminal lineages. The aim of this study was to interrogate the tumor initiating activity of the basal and luminal compartments in Pten −/− TP53 −/− prostate tissue. In order to separate the basal and luminal lineages, we devised a fractionation scheme using markers preferentially expressed by either lineage. Lin − , EpCAM + primary prostate tumor cells were labeled with CD49f and Prominin-1 (Prom-1) in order to differentiate basal and luminal populations respectively. Three distinct populations were identified: CD49f hi , Prom-1 + and CD49f lo/− Prom-1 − . The CD49f hi fraction was enriched for KRT5 + cells, while both the Prom-1 + and CD49f lo/− Prom-1 − fractions contained a mixture of KRT8 + and KRT5/KRT8 double positive cells. CD49f hi and Prom-1 + fractions possessed tumor initiating activity and generated serially transplantable primary tumors with distinct phenotypes. Tumors established from CD49f hi cells formed basal squamous tumors, while Prom-1 + derived tumors recapitulated the original prostate adenocarcinoma. No tumor initiation was observed from the CD49f lo/− Prom-1 − cells. Each cell fraction also exhibited distinct in vitro characteristics. Long term self renewal potential of each fraction was monitored in vitro using the sphere formation assay over six generations. CD49f hi cells demonstrated the highest level of SFU activity at Generation 1. However, the Prom-1 + fraction consistently demonstrated higher SFU activity over the long term (Gen 2 – Gen 6). Following castration, populations of CD49f hi , Prom-1 + and CD49f lo/− Prom-1 − cells were identified in Pten −/− TP53 −/− prostate tissue. Interestingly, castration resistant Prom-1 + cells demonstrated tumor initiating activity and the highest relative level of SFU activity over six generations. Prom-1 + cells expressed known progenitor cell markers such as Bmi1 and Krt19 . Transcriptome analyses of cell fractions isolated from tumors of untreated or castrated mice are ongoing. Our findings demonstrate that prostate adenocarcinoma tumor initiating cells reside in a population of self-renewing progenitors expressing a luminal and not a basal phenotype. In addition, Pten −/− TP53 −/− adenocarcinoma tumor initiating cells survive as castration-resistant luminal progenitors. Citation Format: Paul G. Hynes, Wassim G. Abou-Kheir, Orla M. Casey, Lei Fang, Yen-Nien Liu, Heather Sheppard-Tillman, Philip Martin, Kathleen Kelly. The identification and characterization of prostate adenocarcinoma tumor-initiating cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr C58.


The present invention provides a titanium alloy with a spring member, by the mass ratio of the components: 2.0% to 4.0% aluminum, 2.0% to 4.0% molybdenum, 2.0% to 4.0% vanadium, chromium 2.0% to 4.0%, iron 2.5 to 4.0%, the balance being titanium and unavoidable impurities. The present invention further provides a method for preparing the titanium alloy are as follows: First, the mass ratio of raw materials were weighed and pressed into a consumable electrode by three vacuum consumable arc melting to obtain an ingot; Second, the ingot is subjected to slabbing forging, and then molded after molding or forging and rolling billets; Third, the billets after solution and aging treatment, titanium alloy member to give the spring. The present invention is simple, low cost, suitable for large scale industrial production; spring member according to the present invention have excellent mechanical properties of the titanium alloy; using fatigue life of the spring member of the present invention is prepared ≥5 × 105 times, stable, easy to industrial production.


In the aim of automatic detection of cardiac anomalies, in particular arrhythmias, we propose and design two algorithms for arrhythmias detection based on the energy of the ECG signal. Our results have shown that it is possible to obtain a prediction error as small as 0.66% when we use the overlapped windows method. Our algorithms can obtain this error analyzing 30 min signal length just in 12 s of processing time. Our results are faster and competitive if we compare them with those in the literature.


The elinieopathologic features of six cases of a peculiar variant of differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid composed of follicles with or without solid areas and having a characteristic ground-glass appearance of the nuclei were studied and compared with those of conventional papillary and follicular carcinomas. This variant resembled papillary carcinoma in its biologic behavior and all morphologic features with the exception that papillae were not present. The term "papillary carcinoma, follicular variant" is proposed for this tumor type in order to emphasizc its close biologic relationship with the conventional papillary carcinoma.


0.05). At recovery, survival rate of hippocampal neurons further decreased while apoptosis rate increased. Furthermore, apoptosis rates of different time differed greatly (P


Background: We sought to examine the reliability of Metoprolol drug history in patients attending an outpatient cardiology clinic. Most patients and medical records do not report whether the tartrate or succinate preparation is being used. We hypothesized that a significant number of patients are on the incorrect dosing schedule for the preparation they are taking (i.e. patient on short-acting metoprolol tartrate taken once daily).


Protons and heavier ions have an increased relative biological effectiveness (RBE) compared to photons. While variable RBE models are applied clinically in carbon ion therapy, the RBE in proton therapy is accounted for clinically by applying a constant RBE of 1.1. However, an increasing amount of experimental and clinical data show that also the proton RBE varies spatially within the patient. In addition, the existing carbon ion RBE models give substantially different RBE-weighted dose (often referred to as biological dose) distributions for the same irradiation scenarios. Improving the current RBE calculations is therefore crucial for the treatment received by patients. In this thesis, variables affecting the RBE and biological dose models were studied using the FLUKA Monte Carlo code. In the first part of the thesis, a low-energy proton beam cell irradiation experiment at the Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory (OCL) was implemented in FLUKA (Paper I). Applying the FLUKA implementation, the dose and linear energy transfer (LET) (both the dose-averaged LET (LETd) and LET spectra) were estimated in potential cell irradiation positions. The LETd values increased along the beam path, up to approximately 40 keV/μm in the distal dose-fall off. The LET spectra became narrower with depth in water. Comparisons with a simulated 80 MeV proton beam showed that the OCL beam had significantly higher LETd values and much narrower LET spectra for the same LETd values. The FLUKA implementation of the OCL beam demonstrated the importance of having proper proton beam characteristics to achieve accurate RBE versus LET data. In the second part of the thesis, the RBE model applied clinically in carbon ion therapy in Japan (the microdosimetric kinetic model, MKM) was implemented in FLUKA (Paper II). For the implementation, tables connecting the saturationcorrected dose-mean specific energy (  ) to particle type and particle kinetic energy were generated. The FLUKA implementation was then used to study the sensitivity of the MKM to variations in the model parameters (Paper III). The created  tables agreed well with the tables applied clinically in Japan. The


In room acoustics one often is confronted with sound fields that have an insufficient degree of diffusion. We present a theoretical design of artificial diffusers that can be used to improve this situation. For the two‐dimensional case, the diffuser consists of a pattern of slots with different depths. The key problem is to determine the depth distribution for optimum diffusion. The properties of the boundary of the diffuser are represented by a position‐dependent surface admittance. Then, the boundary‐value problem can in principle be treated rigorously. We show that the inverse problem of calculating the depth profile of the diffuser from a prescribed reflectivity distribution can be solved as well. With the aid of the latter procedure we are able to design an optimum planar diffuser, when design frequency and angle of incidence of the incident sound wave are given. Some designed diffusers are present.


In the 1912 presidential campaign, two of the most philosophical orators in the history of the country debated the future of the American experiment at the dawn of a new era of energetic government. This article argues that they offered fundamentally different rhetorical justifications for the incipient expansion of governmental power, and that the victory of Woodrow Wilson's vision over Theodore Roosevelt's, at one of the critical moments in the nation's ideological history, continues to be felt in America's ambivalence toward active government.


In this research, the non-linear thermo-mechanical simulation, experimental study and lifetime prediction of engine exhaust manifold were systematically analyzed. Fluid-structure coupled method was employed in the simulation. Heat transfer analysis simultaneous considered radiation, convection and conduction. Inelastic properties of the materials used for the thermo-mechanical analysis included kinematic hardening and creep. Some models were introduced and used to predict lifetime of the manifold. Temperature data obtained during the engine bench tests can be accurately matched with the analysis results. The results indicated that the highest temperature located on the confluence of exhaust manifold and the plastic dissipated energy field caused by the cyclic thermal loading can be matched with the crack zone of exhaust manifold.


In this paper we try to combine HDR Mapping and Maxwell renderer, which is simulating real light physical characteristics, by collecting, processing and applying HDR Mapping. Specifically, we combine many methods to realize the layer rendering, including setting the parameter that is the simulation of real world, adding the HDR mapping rendering and simulating the effect of video lens. Therefore, we realize the real performance of three-dimensional simulation of ancient constructions by rendering layered eventually.


Abstract. Sorghum (Sorghum (L.) Moench) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world and produced for food, feed, and forage. However, several species of insect pests affect sorghum production, especially sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), the most important recent pest. The objective of this research was to identify composition of functional groups of chemicals during sorghum-aphid interaction. Eight experimental lines and two commercial sorghum hybrids were evaluated at the vegetative and reproductive stages at 70 and 100 days after sowing. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications divided into natural conditions (non-chemical treatment) or with chemical treatment for pest control. The agronomic variables of plant height, leaf area, stalk diameter, internode number, number of aphids per area, and total soluble solids were evaluated. LES267NCT in natural conditions was less infested by aphids and considered a resistant genotype, surpassing commercial hybrid P82G63. Conversely, LESSONU was very infested. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed several functional groups such as OH in hydrogenated aromatic, aliphatic, and phenolic alcoholic compounds, tannins, and methylene groups in aromatic compounds, lipids, and lignin.


ABSTRACTChanges in the amplitude and phase of the circadian rhythm of the bone marrow mitotic index have been observed in Swiss albino mice. A single four-hour exposure at a frequency of 2.95 GHz was used. The mean power density was 0.5 mW ± 0, 2 mW and comprised 1.0 μS pulses at a repetition frequency of 1.2 KHz.