No one can argue that the ultimate goal of any government legislation related to food should be consumer safety and protection, but when sound research predates regulatory action by an extended period, the issue becomes more than a little frustrating for both the industry and consumers. At what point does red tape hinder rather than help? For Canadian and international companies interested in marketing novel fiber sources in Canada, regulatory barriers have been overwhelming to the point that many simply choose to ignore the Canadian market altogether. The Canadian Food and Drugs Act and Regulations were passed into law in 1953. The definition of food under the Food and Drugs Act includes "... any article manufactured, sold, or represented for use as food or drink for human beings, chewing gum, and any ingredient that may be mixed with food for any purpose whatever." Drugs are defined as "...any substance or mixture of substances manufactured, sold, or represented for use in the diagnosis, treatment, mitigation, or prevention of a disease, disorder, or abnormal physical state, or its symptoms, restoring, correcting, or modifying organic function." Through its definitions of "food" and "drug," this legislation currently restricts health-related claims for foods and food ingredients and limits the government's ability to deal with new ingredients, even those submitted without claims. Since 1953, these products have been considered as either foods or drugs depending on the type and concentration of the "active ingredient" and whether claims are made. The regulatory environment in Canada is believed to have stifled innovation, competition, and investment in the food industry. Ten years ago, it was stated that Canada had among the least favorable regulatory environments for allowing the sale of novel food products and that Canadian regulations have led to significant lost opportunities and sales for the food and food ingredient industries (7). Since this report was released, regulatory developments for dietary supplements, known as natural health products in Canada, have progressed significantly and new legislation came into effect on January 4, 2004. However, "functional" food regulatory initiatives have been less than speedy. With regard to dietary fibers, while the need for higher levels in North American diets has been widely publicized, Canada has historically blocked the use of ingredients that could bring more fiber to foods in an appealing way to consumers. Industry has denounced Health Canada's definition of dietary fiber, and their regulations of such, as restricting innovation in new fiber ingredients. Novel Fibers in Canada: Regulatory Developments


This paper studies indoor passive radar target recognition and presents a convolution composite scheme involving a WiFi long preamble and radar chirp signal to improve target recognition resolution. In addition, we present trials of different-sized ball recognition and human standing/lying recognition by using the convolution preamble based on finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) calculations. The results show that the channel estimation anti-fading of the convolution composite preamble is much better than that of the time-domain composite based on receiver cancellation. Hence, more radar chirp constituents can be convolved, the recognition resolution is notably improved, and the convolved signal has the same or even a slightly better resolution than the chirp signal which is in the conventional multiplexing mode. The given method may be applied to device-free people counting to distinguish adults and children and to detect elderly people falling in bathrooms, among other health monitoring applications.


As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, more than 1,6 billion children worldwide were forced to discontinue face-to-face education and continue with distance learning (OECD, 2020). To many students as well as teachers this was their first experience with distance learning. Students' ability to adapt to distance learning varies and depends on different factors, including individual factors such as the ability to cope with new situations, solve problems and manage their own learning process. In order to successfully deal with the new circumstances in education, it is necessary to work at all levels - including the level of policy development, level of schools as organizations, and at the individual – the student – level. This article focus on the level of the students and look on the distance learning from the perspective of students' skills, attitudes and ability to adapt to the situation. The aim of this article is to summarize what has been studied so far in different countries about COVID-19 related distance learning and students' difficulties and ability to cope with this situation; and to suggest practices to develop students' skills such as self-management and problem-solving skills to better adapt to new situations in the future.


The authors discuss the present state of the art and options that are being pursued to develop cryogenic coolers that will help make cryogenic electronic systems competitive. The discussion focuses on commercial systems operating in the 77-K temperature region with cooling requirements of about 10 to 1000 W. It is noted that the present perception is that the initial plus operating cost is too high and the life/service interval too short for Gifford McMahon refrigerators to make cryogenic electronic devices competitive with room-temperature devices. Stirling refrigerators offer the promise of lower costs and longer life; it will, however, take a number of years to realize the promise. High reliability in the refrigerator will make it possible to use the lower cost method of direct mounting the electronic device to the refrigerator.<<ETX>>


Excerpt: Thus we have a picture of religiosity and nationalism as universal institutions: social
paradigms created at approximately one and the same time. Structurally, the two have one
main common characteristic: both are based on the invention of tradition but, if nationalism
is based on an invented tradition of the past and by dint of these attempts to extend its
own schema over its followers, religiosity accumulates believers by creating a tradition of
the future. By tradition of the future I mean those religious practices by which it is possible,
through specific individual efforts, to attribute a legitimate picture of a specific and clear future
to the person making these efforts. This is an immanent part of the structure of all religions.
Naturally, the latter is not the first-born child of modernity, but an emphasis on the creation of
a tradition of the future, its advancement at the expense of other characteristics and qualities,
and its broadening from a path of personal salvation to an axis of collective identity must
be consequences of modernity.


In early 2004, the Institute of Medicine released the report Keeping Patients Safe— Transforming the Work Environment of Nurses, commissioned by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality as part of its initiative to determine the causes of medical errors and develop models to decrease their occurrence and severity. The study's analysis of evidence from health services research, behavioral and organizational research on work and workforce effectiveness, human factors analysis and engineering, studies of organizational disasters and their evolutions, and studies of high-risk industries with low accident rates identified mechanisms for improving patient safety within all health care organizations that employ nurses. This article presents the report's recommendations and conceptual framework, which together provide a blueprint that all nurses—clinicians, educators, managers, researchers, and policy experts—can use to create and follow a patient safety agenda throughout the U.S. health care system.


Cyclic tests, with and without dwell periods, were carried out at temperatures of 750, 850 and 1000°C on a cast nickel base super alloy MAR M002. The cracking mechanism was mainly transgranular in the continuous cycle tests. The incorporation of a tensile dwell had little effect on life compared with the continuous cycle data though there was a significant amount of additional internal intergranular cracking. However, an unbalanced compressive dwell at 750 and 850°C caused a shorter life with transgranular cracking: only at 1000°C was the life not reduced. Prediction of life was attempted by means of what were thought to be three of the more promising methods, i.e. ductility exhaustion, crack propagation and hysteresis energy. However, these did not appear to be accurate, and it is clear that more appropriate base line data are required.


................................................................................................................... v I. Background .......................................................................................................... 7 II. Participation of Patients and other Stakeholders ............................................. 10 III. Methods ........................................................................................................... 22 IV. Primary and Secondary Results ....................................................................... 38 V. Results from Subpopulation Analysis of Family-Reported Errors Using Pre-Intervention Data Only from the First 4 Study Sites .................................................................. 48 VI. Discussion ....................................................................................................... 52 VII. Conclusions ..................................................................................................... 60 VIII. References ..................................................................................................... 61 IX. Acknowledgements .......................................................................................... 68 X. Related Publications ......................................................................................... 68


Recently, many strained-Silicon (s-Si) approaches have been demonstrated in order to enhance the device performance [1-5]. The power supply reduction as well as the increase of the transistor access resistance made this solution mandatory for 65nm node and below. While pMOS device are intrinsically strained by the layout scaling [6,7], nMOS is strongly degraded. In this work, two different s-Si approaches for nMOS enchancement are compared. The first one consists in using Si0.8Ge0.2 substrate relaxed buffer (SRB), to induce bi-axial tensile stress in Si channel inversion layer. The second approach, cheaper, consists into increasing the contact etch stop layer thickness in order to induce stress in Si-channel, and using a Ge implantation to avoid pMOS degradation.


Recognizing key entities on texts of water environment accurately and rapidly can not only extract important information of water environment, but also improve the water quality. In recent years, Chinese named entity recognition becomes a research focus and many methods based on neural networks have been proven effective on entity recognition. This work proposes an improved hybrid prediction model named LBPSC for Chinese named entity recognition for the water environment data, which combines Lattice structure, Bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), Positional feature encoding, Sentence self-attention and conditional random field (CRF). LBPSC employs a three-phase end-to-end methodology for Chinese named entity recognition. It first adopts a BiLSTM with lattice structure to extract both character and word features from two directions, thereby avoiding word segmentation errors. It then innovatively combines a sentence self-attention mechanism with positional feature encoding to better handle sentences and add the position information to the trained features after BiLSTM. Then, a CRF layer is adopted to decode features and finally output the predicted tag of the data. Experimental results with real-life dataset demonstrate that LBPSC outperforms other deep learning algorithms in terms of prediction accuracy.


Employing a metaphor of romantic relationship (e.g., monographic selections are like one-night stands; periodical selections are more like marriages), this paper assists the librarian in the selection of monographic periodicals for library music collections. It recommends finding existing titles through advertisements in other similar periodicals. Suggested selection criteria are: issues of quality, the reputation of the publisher, the contents of the periodical, the names of the contributors, and the publishing schedule of the periodical. Also recommended is looking at the factor of indexing by asking the question: "Is the title indexed and is the index in print or online form?" As an alternative method of acquisition, this paper suggests finding periodicals via interlibrary loan or document delivery if desired titles are available at nearby institutions. The reader is referred to several other sources for music periodical selection including: "Notes: The Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association"; "Magazines for Libraries'; "Ulrich's International Periodicals Directory"; and "The Serials Directory"; "International Music Journals"; and "Writing about Music." (JAK) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** ROMANCE IN A MINOR KEY: PERIODICALS SELECTION FOR MUSIC Michael Colby r"*. University Library University of California, Davis


Cervical spondylosis commonly presents with its classical symptoms of intermittent neck & shoulder pain, headache with or without neurological deficit. Syncope has been reported in a very few cases of cervical spondylosis. Although rare, syncope and vertigo whenever present in Cervical spondylosis is usually preceded by its classical symptoms. When a patient presents with syncope and vertigo in the absence of other classical symptoms of cervical spondylosis, it is difficult to consider the possibility of cervical spondylosis which may result in delayed diagnosis and further progression of disease. Here, we report a case of 55 years old man who presented to us with syncope and recurrent episodes of vertigo only which on work up was diagnosed as a case of cervical spondylosis.


The subject paper presents implementation of a new automatic face recognition system. To formulate an automated framework for the recognition of human faces is a highly challenging endeavor. The face identification problem is particularly very crucial in the context of today's rapid emergence of technological advancements with ever expansive requirements. It has also significant relevance in the related engineering disciplines of computer graphics, pattern recognition, psychology, image processing and artificial neural networks. This paper proposes a side-view face authentication approach based on discrete wavelet transform and artificial neural networks for the solution of the problem. A subset determination strategy that expands on the number of training samples and permits protection of the global information is discussed. The authentication technique involves image profile extraction, decomposition of the wavelets, splitting of the subsets and finally neural network verification. The procedure exploits the localization property of the wavelets in both the frequency and spatial domains, while maintaining the generalized properties of the neural networks. The realization strategy of the methodology was executed using MATLAB, demonstrating that the performance of the technique is quite satisfactory.


Incorporation of cyclopropyl and cyclobutyl groups in the 2,3-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]oct-2-ene system has been found to increase the thermoloysis rates by factors of ca. 1017 and 105, respectively.


Esophageal neoplasm is the seventh cause of death from cancer in the world.1
Malignant tracheoesophageal or bronchoesophageal or, less commonly, esophageal-lung parenchyma fistulas are late developments of advanced cancer of the esophagus, lung or mediastinum.2 The occurrence of an esophago-respiratory malignant fistula is a devastating complication.1 The presence of a respiratory prothesis increases the risk. Its displacement can lead to several complications including total airwaiy obstruction.
There are multiple anaesthetic problems presented by patients with respiratory fistulas.3
We describe the anaesthetic management of a 56 year old male patient with a metastatic esophageal cancer diagnosed with a malignant broncho-esophageal fistula and a tracheal prothesis proposed to emergent laparotomy.
The anaesthetic management of a patient with an esophago-respiratory malignant fistula is a serious challenge. Our patient had a tracheal prothesis that also raised life-threatening problems during his anaesthetic management. Multipe cares in the perioeprative period were mandatory.


: Regenerative potential of platelets was intorduced in 1974. Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is a fibrin matrix in which platelet cytokines, growth factors and cells are trapped and may be released after a certain time and that can serve as a resorbable membrane. Socket healing is a highly coordinated sequence of biochemical, physiologic, cellular and molecular responses involving numerous cell types, growth factors, hormones, cytokines and other proteins, which is directed towards restoring tissue and functional capacity after injury. Currently, the slow polymerization during PRF preparation seems to generate a fibrin network very similar to the natural one. Such a network leads to a more efficient cell migration and proliferation and thus cicatrization. This paper is intended to highlight more on the clinical challenge in the use of PRF following extractions.


This paper presents a continuous review stochastic inventory control system. The demand of each product assumed stochastic. In inventory models, it is common to assume that unsatisfied demand is backordered. We considered mixture of lost sales and backorders for shortages. We optimised inventory system with finding fraction of demand backordered. Also, we considered service level in model to improve customer satisfaction and compete better in retail environment. We considered two conflicting objectives: 1) minimising the total cost; 2) maximising the service level. The goal is to generate more diverse and better non-dominated solutions of reorder point, order size and fraction of demand backordered such that the total inventory cost is minimised and the service level is maximised. We considered constraints such as warehouse space, order quantity and restriction on available budget. Constraints are stochastic and follow normal distribution. Two multi-objective optimiser multi-objective particle swarm optimisation (MOPSO) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is proposed to solve the problem. We compared the performance of two proposed algorithms with TOPSIS and statistical method. In this comparison, the optimum values of the NSGA-II parameters were obtained using regression analysis.


Lensless imaging experiments with coherent x-ray radiation allow one to study the structure of a non-periodic object down to nanometer length scale. A coherent x-ray diffraction imaging experiment was carried out at the beamline ID01 (ESRF, Grenoble) aiming to investigate the structure of a series of micrometer sized lithographically prepared gold samples. In this kind of experiment a 2D detector records the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern that is used for the reconstruction of an object in real space by phase retrieval methods. Since no lenses are used in these experiments, the resolution of the image is, in principal, limited only by the wavelength of the x-ray radiation.


forcing an increasing need in our civilization, in our time, of preventing war. The drives, the theories, the technologies, and the functions of hostilities are studied. In Volume II, Wright analyzes the causes of war and its control. The way in which various economic and political factors combine to upset the equilibrium of peace are examined. Suggestions are made for estimating the probability of war under given circumstances, and the practical problem of


The convergence era has pushed the process of telecommunications globalization and information services, which has made all forms of information possible. An understanding of the use of communication media and the factors of communication behavior needs to be done so that farmers can take advantage of access to information appropriately in increasing farmers self-capacity. This study aims to: (1) describe the elements of communication, communication behavior, and communication convergence to increase the capacity of horticultural farmers in Pekanbaru. (2) Analyzing the factors that influence the communication behavior of horticultural farmers. (3) Analyzing the effect of communication behavior on communication convergence towards increasing the capacity of horticultural farmers. The research data was collected using a questionnaire through interviews with 161 respondents of horticultural farmers who are members of farmer groups. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive analysis and inferential statistical analysis using SEM LISREL. The results of SEM analysis show the factors that influence communication behavior significantly and positively by external characteristics and communication media. Then communication behavior has a significant and positive effect on communication convergence to increase the capacity of horticultural farmers.


The Yellow Sea green tide (YSGT) is the world's largest transregional macroalgal blooms, and the causative species Ulva prolifera (U. prolifera) suffers from ultraviolet-b radiation (UVBR) during the floating migration process. Previous study confirmed that U. prolifera displayed a wide variety of physiological responses characterized as acclimation to UVBR, while the response mechanisms against low-dose and short-term radiation (LDSTR) are not clear. A study with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and UVBR was designed: normal light (NL: 72 μmol photons m−2 s−1), NL+0.3 (UVBR: 0.3 W·m−2), and NL+1.6 (UVBR: 1.6 W·m−2). The results showed that high-dose UVBR inhibited photosynthesis in thalli, especially under long-term exposure, while a variety of physiological responses were observed under LDSTR. The inhibition of photosynthesis appeared to be ameliorated by the algae under LDSTR. Further analysis showed that U. prolifera achieved balancing damage by means of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), accumulation of phenolic compounds coupled with the ASA-GSH cycle involved in the antioxidant process and enhanced photorespiratory metabolism under LDSTR. This study provides new insights into the balancing damage mechanisms of U. prolifera under LDSTR, enabling the thalli to adapt to the light conditions during the long duration and distance involved in floating migration.


We investigate whether the existence of learning-by-doing and significant future uncertainties create circumstances where early investment in coal-fired power with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) creates an option values for society, when broader greenhouse gas emissions policies are applied. A decision analytic framework is constructed using results from the MIT Emissions Prediction Policy Analysis (EPPA) model. The decision examined is whether to invest $5 billion annually in coal with CCS technology, and the uncertainties modeled are the stringency of the future US greenhouse gas emissions policy, the size of the US natural gas resource, and the nth-of-a-kind levelized cost of electricity from coal with CCS. We measure the cost to society for every scenario as economic welfare and perform sensitivity analysis on the probabilities of each uncertainty to determine the conditions under which society benefits from early investments in CCS and option values exist. We find that the net present value cost (using a 4% discount rate) to society of meeting a prescribed emissions policy could increase by up to $1.9 trillion or decrease by up to $2.4 trillion over a 100-year period by investing in CCS today. We find that the three uncertainties have different relative impacts on the early investment decision. The amount of natural gas resource has the smallest effect, while the stringency of the emissions policy is the most influential. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of pressure angle, and module of spur gear teeth on stress concentration factor, using photoelasticity method, and numerical MSC/NASTRAN finite element package.Design/methodology/approach – The stress concentration factor is determined as a ratio between maximum stress (determined in the fillet radius by photoelastic and finite element methods), and nominal stress (calculated by a common standard formulas). In order to specify the geometric parameters (height and thickness) of gears, both standard Deutsches Institut fur Normung (DIN)/Japanese Gear Manufactures Association (JGMA), and five other non‐standard approaches are used.Findings – The results show that the stress concentration factor increases by decreasing the pressure angle. In addition, the values which are obtained by finite element analyses exhibit more uniformity than photoelastic method.Practical implications – An accurate determination of stress concentration factors will limi...


Summary During the somite stages of rat embryogenesis glucose metabolism was high. Its sharp decline with advancing age was associated with reduced lactate production. By comparison of 14CO2 evolution rates from I-14C and 6-14C-glucose the pentose shunt pathway was shown to be active.


Robert Gunning has provided a mathematical formula for measuring the readability level of writing materials. This formula is named Fog Index. The Fog Index is a proven method of analyzing a written material to see how easy it is to read and understand. Gunning's Fog Index is based on the length of words and sentences in a writing material. A new formula is pro- posed by Sonmez, which is based on the unknown elements as foreign words, terms, concepts, metaphors, descriptive formulas and symbols etc… in a text. In this study, we have made an experimental work on French. Ac- cording to the analyses of data we have observed that the account of read- ability rates depending on the unknown components has given much more confidential results than the Fog Index formula. Key


This study was conducted to find out the extent of the presence of mixed viral infections for elderly peoplewith and without acute enteritis. 100 stool samples were collected, 50 samples of which were for peoplewith acute enteritis and the other 50 samples were from non-infected people. These mixed infections wereobtained within the group of infected patients, where the age group 45-49 was the most infected and thenthe sample was prepared by making several treatments For the purpose of performing the PCR moleculartest. As the results of this test indicated that 15 samples contain Astrovirus from the total number of samples.And 7 samples containing norovirus from the total number of samples. while the test recorded 10 samplescontaining the sapovirus from the total number of samples. The study showed that the relationship betweenacute gastroenteritis and gender revealed that male infection is close to female infection, as there is nosignificant difference between them. In regard to mixed infection the study showed that the number ofsamples infected with Rota, Adeno, and Astro viruses was 4 positive samples, while the number of samplescontaining Rota adenonoro is only one positive sample is the same as the number of samples containingonly Astro and Noro that were recorded as a result of acute enteritis. The results also indicated that threecoinfection positive samples of rota, adeno and sapo. As tested by Rapid test and PCR technique.


Paper delivered at the Lilith Symposium by Katie Holmes, is presented. A reflect on of the extent to which the project of feminist history has succeeded in Australia and the terms of measuring the success is discussed.


It is a classical result in complex analysis that the class of functions that arise as the Cauchy transform of probability measures may be characterized entirely in terms of their analytic and asymptotic properties. Such transforms are a main object of study in non-commutative probability theory as the function theory encodes information on the probability measures and the various convolution operations. In extending this theory to operator-valued free probability theory, the analogue of the Cauchy transform is a non-commutative function with domain equal to the non-commutative upper-half plane. In this paper, we prove an analogous characterization of the Cauchy transforms, again, entirely in terms of their analytic and asymptotic behavior. We further characterize those functions which arise as the Voiculescu transform of $\boxplus$-infinitely divisible $\mathcal{B}$-valued distributions. As consequences of these results, we provide a characterization of infinite divisibility in terms of the domain of the relevant Voiculescu transform, provide a purely analytic definition of the semigroups of completely positive maps associated to infinitely divisible distributions and provide a Nevanlinna representation for non-commutative functions with the appropriate asymptotic behavior.


The reccn~ly inlroduced hpothcsis of chiml inwrncrion is trrawd quantitatively hy using ;1 newly defined concrpr 01 chiral eKn5sncy. Numerical estimmrs of the intsrnckn induced magnrric moment p, and the romkmnl frequency 0,. yield p, =l.O pLa and oC = 1.0 X 10" Tad/s. The cxiswnce of D molecular magnetic moment can lsad ro a nn~ur~l sclsckm of one chirality for cermin amino-acids due to coupling. wilh Ihr maanelic field of rhr earth 31 rhr wager surface. The energy differtnce helwcen _ [he Land D-enanliomers is eaimaled IO bc LE, = -lo-* kr.


In the present work, the behavior of thick-walled cylinder of elasto-plastic material (polymeric material) has been studied analytically. The study is based on modified Von-Mises yield criterion (for non metallic material). The equations of stress distribution are obtained for the cylinder under general cases of elastic expansion, plastic initiation and elastic-plastic expansion. A computer program is developed for evaluating the stress distribution. The solution is carried out for worst boundary conditions when the cylinder is subjected to the combination of pressure load, inertia load, and temperature gradient. The results are presented graphically in terms of dimensionless stresses and radius ratio. They indicate that the thermal and rotational loads are greatly influencing the stress distribution and the initiation of plastic zone, as well as the spreading out of the plastic zone. Moreover, it was found that the critical values of loads required for starting plastic deformation are determined by the amount of the applied load and the type of loading conditions, and it is found that the variation of stresses are greatly influenced by increasing of the temperature gradient at constant pressure and inertial loads than other increases in loading conditions.


We consider a Lagrangian differential system. The celebrated theorem of Lagrange-Dirichlet ensures that a stationary solution of this system is stable, provided that the corresponding critical point of the potential function is a proper {local} maximum.


In this paper, we consider the non-autonomous Benjamin-Ono equation
 $$u_t+\mathscr{H}u_{xx}- uu_x- (F(\omega t,x,u))_x=0$$ under periodic boundary conditions. Using an abstract infinite dimensional
 KAM theorem dealing with unbounded perturbation vector-field and partial Birkhoff normal form, we will prove that there exists a
 Cantorian branch of KAM tori and thus many time quasi-periodic solutions for the above equation.


This article reports on a year-long project carried out in three UK primary schools, which aimed to understand the expectations and experiences of children participating in a series of workshops delivered by the chamber music organisation, Music in the Round. Through drawings, discussions, questionnaires and observations, the children's developing musical identities and skills were explored, alongside the teachers' and parents' understandings of what the children gained from the workshops. The project raises questions about the evaluation and impact of musical interventions of this kind, and about the ways in which children acquire musical self-efficacy from encounters in school and home.


The article gives a general review of the polis system in the Greek cities of Hellenistic Asia Minor (fourth-first centuries B.C.). In Hellenistic time, the Greek cities had all the major characteristics of a polis system. They had their own citizenship, territory, laws, military organization and currency systems, and passed decrees on essential aspects of the city life. All cities had their bodies of self-government, i.e. citizens assemblies, councils and elected officials. In many cases, the most high-ranking positions in city administrations were filled by well-to-do and influential people. Some of those were elected several times to different posts which resulted in a certain weakening of democratic principles. However, the democratic traditions were still rather strong, as being elected to a city administrative post was the only way for an individual to exercise influence in a polis.


Purpose – Borrowing from the literature on social cognition and schema theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine sexual orientation and sex discrimination, to critique and refine that doctrine, particularly when traditional gender roles are enforced in workplaces. The insights of cognitive schemas on lesbian and gay identity are employed to link models of judicial decision making and gender/sexual orientation.Design/methodology/approach – Methodologically, the paper is located in the sociolegal tradition, but also uses case analysis to supplement and advance its thesis. Because US nondiscrimination law distinguishes between sexuality and gender discrimination, it provides a unique laboratory to critique not only American law, but the structure of nondiscrimination law generally.Findings – Judges' and others' schemas of lesbian and gay men suggest explanations for the analytical confusion in nondiscrimination law. Additionally, the paper's specific findings both supplement and question aspects of ext...


Exercise is one of the most powerful non-pharmacological strategies, which can affect nearly all cells and organs in the body. Changes in the behavior of adult stem cells have been shown to occur in response to exercise. Hypothesis: Exercise may act on regenerative potential of tissues by altering the ability to generate new stem cells and differentiated cell that are able to carry out tissue specific functions. The purpose of this study was to Impacts of different exercise intensities on hematopoietic stem cells and certain physiological parameters on handball players and non-athletes.Twenty healthy male handball players aged (19-23yrs.) were recruited for this study. Healthy, low active males and BMI matched participants (n=10) aged 21-23yrs.were recruited as controls. Aerobic and anaerobic exercises were performed on a cycle ergometer. The testing wasa modification of the Astrand Rhyming protocol for Vo2max. Pulserate estimation, RBCs, WBCs, HB and Hematocrit were estimated using a coulter counter. Lactate by Accusport, CD34+ stem cells were determined by flow cytometry. Results indicated:Vo2 max was higher during aerobic compared to anaerobic exercise. Lactate concentration decreased in aerobic compared to anaerobic exercise bouts. H, RBCs,WBCs, and Hematocrit increased after both types of exercise bouts. The increase in CD34+ stem cells during anaerobic exercise bouts was greater than it was during aerobic exercise bouts. It is concluded that these findings deserve further study. (Mohammed Nader Shalaby, Jin Yu Liu, Mohamed Saad and Hossam Elaraby. Impacts of Different Exercise Intensities on Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Certain Physiological Parameters on Handball Players and Non-


If, on the one hand, there is a platonic view that is common in the traditional grammar analysis which confirms that linguistic categories are distinct and absolute; on the other hand, there are the wittgensteinian beliefs on the existence of nondistinct series conditioned to usage necessity. Between them arises a question which will be taken as one of the principles of linguistic functionalism: what will characterise a category are not the differences but the prototypes, i.e., what happens with more frequency and probability.


Structure and properties of Li-doped MgO have been extensively studied during the past decades in view of the effect of aliovalent doping on the catalytic, optical absorption and magnetic properties. However, the photoluminescence (PL) properties of Li-doped MgO have not been systematically investigated previously. In this work, we prepared micrometer-sized Li-doped MgO crystals using solid-phase redox reaction between B2O3 and metals of Mg and Li under argon atmosphere. The resulting Li-doped MgO microcrystals exhibit blue (2.8 eV or 440 nm) and orange PL (2.1 eV or 580 nm) emissions under excitation with photons of energies of ∼5 and ∼3 eV, respectively. The blue PL is attributed to the bulk oxygen vacancies, or F-type centers, whose emission energy levels are modified by the Li ions incorporated into the MgO structure. On the other hand, the orange PL presumably results from the oxygen vacancies at the near surface regions where a substantial bandgap narrowing down to visible range of ∼3 eV occurs. It ...


Abstract With the growing disaffection toward customary crime control policies, many citizens and public policy makers have concluded that conventional sanctions have failed to control crime. Instead of continuing to lock up offenders in traditional prison settings, a variety of alternative sanctions have been created. One of the fastest growing of the new approaches has been the correctional boot camp. In 1984, only Georgia and Oklahoma had boot camps, but by 1994 36 states operated such programs. The popularity of boot camps undoubtedly is based on the public's perceived demand for a correctional alternative that offers retribution, deterrence, and rehabilitation. Boot camp programs vary tremendously from state to state, but the strict military regimen is present in all programs. Past research has shown positive attitudinal change in boot camp trainees, and ideally this change should result in reduced recidivism. However, a number of researchers have shown that there are few differences in recidivism ra...


Currently, treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in Australia consists most commonly of a 9‐month course of isoniazid (9H). A 3‐month course of weekly isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) has been shown to be as effective as 9 months of daily isoniazid, and associated with less hepatotoxicity; however, rifapentine is not currently available in Australia. Introduction of this regimen would have apparent advantages for people with LTBI in Victoria by safely shortening duration of LTBI therapy. However, the cost benefit of this new therapeutic approach is uncertain.


Due to the current situation that underwater cable connected to the equipment is difficult to observe in marine research,this paper designs a posture monitoring system of the underwater cable which based on gesture positioning algorithm.This system collects the biaxial angle data from different places of underwater cable by two pieces of VTI SCA60,and transmits the data to underwater CPU.The CPU underwater will pack and convey these data to PC on deck through armored coaxial cable or photoelectric composite cable.PC on deck monitors the posture of cable through posture positioning algorithm.The system can accurately determine the cable posture under the laboratory environment and be able to make timely warning of dangerous operation and abnormal state,also provide protection for equipment launching.


Introduction: Nowadays, in the changeable environment, the organizations try to achieve the long-term purposes by the strategic planning process. This process usually is begun with an analysis of internal and external environmental factors and will be terminated with a well-organized implementation and assessment. Since, all the missions, purposes, opportunities, threats, strengths, and weakness of each organization are different with others, the components in the planning of the process and strategy should be determined individually for each organization. The present study was aimed to design and develop a strategic planning model for Khatam Alanbia Hospital. Materials and Methods: To achieve the mentioned objectives, Delphi technique, a qualitative method, has been selected to perform the investigation. Delphi's group is consisted of 20 experts in the field of strategic planning, managers, and supervisors of Tehran's private hospitals. Results: The final model of strategic planning for Khatam Alanbia Hospital with 12 components was designed after 4 Delphi rounds. The most remarkable points of the new model are adding two components of balanced scorecard and designing the strategic map in order to link between strategy development and implementation. Conclusion: This model facilitates and accelerates the achievement of the objectives of a strategic plan in private hospitals.


OTHER COUNTRIES: OLAJIDE ALUKO, Ed.: The Foreign Policies of African States. OTHER COUNTRIES: JOHN A. MARCUM: The Angolan Revolution, Volume II: Exile Politics and Guerrilla Warfare (1962–1976). OTHER COUNTRIES: PETER DICKSON : Kissinger and the Meaning of History. OTHER COUNTRIES: HOWARD R. PENNIMAN, Ed. Israel at The Polls : The Knesset Election of 1977. OTHER COUNTRIES: DAVID ELLIOTT: Thailand : Origins of Military Rule.


The present invention provides a semi-micron cobalt powder, cobalt powder morphology of the half-micron spherical or spheroidal, Fisher particle size of 0.5 ~ 0.8μm, low impurity content, both quasi-spherical ultrafine cobalt powder and cobalt powder The advantages. Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the half-micron cobalt powder, the method uses a cobalt salt solution is reacted with sodium or potassium hydroxide solution producing cobalt hydroxide precipitate, which was slurried centrifugation, washed, dried, crushed after hydrogen reduction at 340 ~ 370 ℃ obtained cobalt powder, a cobalt powder obtained by crushing after half a micron cobalt powder, which has a controllable particle size and morphology of the product, environmental advantages. Further, the present invention provides a cobalt hydroxide powder and a preparation method, the cobalt hydroxide powder or particulate morphology is a rod, Fisher particle size of 0.33 ~ 0.58μm.


This paper presents an education framework to effectively develop crucial software engineering skills in students of the Telematics/Network Engineering curriculum at the Klagenfurt University of Applied Sciences. In order to establish such abilities we first lay a rather traditional lecture/lab-based foundation. On this grounds, a carefully designed project-centered approach bridges the gap between dry knowledge and lively experience. This scheme has been in use for the past three years and proved to be not only efficient and effective but also quite rewarding for both students and instructors. Starting with the overall constraints posed by the curriculum and our educational objectives, this paper discusses important characteristics of projects as well as processes, central issues and relevant lessons learned.


Treatment of TpRuCl(PPh3)(CH3CN) (Tp = hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate) with NaBH4 in ethanol did not yield the expected hydride complex TpRuH(PPh3)(CH3CN) (2) but rather the methyl carbonyl complex TpRu(CH3)(CO)(PPh3) (1b). Formation of 1b was due to decarbonylation of ethanol by 2 generated in situ by NaBH4 reduction of TpRuCl(PPh3)(CH3CN). Analogous reactions in the presence of other primary alcohols RCH2OH (R = H, C2H5, n-C3H7, C6H5, C6H4CH3-4, and C6H4Cl-4) led to the corresponding σ-organyl complexes TpRuR(CO)(PPh3). A common feature of the reactions is that the R groups of alcohols RCH2OH become the σ-organyl groups in the final metal complexes. A mechanism involving metal−η2-aldehyde and −η2-dihydrogen intermediates is proposed for the decarbonylation reaction. This is supported by the observation of the η2-dihydrogen complex TpRuH(H2)(PPh3) (3) during the decarbonylation reaction. 3 was synthesized independently by heating a THF solution of 2 under 40 atm of H2 at 60 °C for 48 h or by heating 2 in CH3...


According to the knowledge classification theory in modern cognitive psychology,the command of procedural knowledge serves as basis and prerequisite for the cultivation of innovative ability.Research-type learning is based on initiative exploration into problems.The author holds that conducting researchtype learning of procedural knowledge will effectively promote students' innovative ability,thereby realizing the university's objective of cultivating innovative talents.


The invention discloses a method and a device for efficient biochemical treatment of refractory wastewater, and is used for solving problems that existing refractory wastewater treatment difficulty is great, effect is poor, and treated wastewater does not reach emission standards. The device comprises a regulating reservoir, a gas-floating tank, a pre-degrading tank, an intermediate water tank, a biological reactor, an advanced oxidizing tank and an MBR (Membrane Bioreactor) tank, wherein the regulating reservoir is used for regulating inlet water; the gas-floating tank is used for removing organic suspended substances in the wastewater; the pre-degrading tank is used for degrading part of biological refractory organic substances; the intermediate water tank is used for regulating inlet water of the biological reactor; the biological reactor is used for primary biological degradation; the advanced oxidizing tank is used for oxidizing un-degraded substances; the MBR tank is used for re-biological degradation; a membrane assembly is arranged in the MBR tank; the regulating reservoir, the gas-floating tank, the pre-degrading tank, the intermediate water tank, the biological reactor, the advanced oxidizing tank and the MBR tank are connected in sequence. The device and the method disclosed by the invention are adopted to lower degradation difficulty of refractory wastewater, and are high in degradation efficiency; refractory pollutants in the degraded wastewater are greatly reduced, the degraded wastewater is low in turbidity, and emission standards can be achieved.


DURING the past two years the United States has witnessed a great resurgence of interest in the problem of juvenile delinquency. This is indicated in the numerous news items and articles in the daily press and popular magazines of today; in the reports of studies, investigations, and recommendations for programs appearing in scientific and professional literature; and in the requests for information and


Abstract Simultaneous quantification of cyclosporin A (CsA) and its major metabolite (AM1) in blood has been achieved using time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF‐MS). Previous investigations indicated that spectral interferences exist in the analysis of CsA blood samples by the above methods. In TOF‐SIMS, interference is caused by overlap of the Ag‐cationized internal standard, cyclosporin D (CsD), with the Ag‐cationized metabolite, AM1. To resolve this interference and obtain quantitative information, cross‐correlation analysis was applied to the TOF‐SIMS data. Application of damped non‐linear least squares curve‐fitting was carried out to resolve an interference in the MALDI/TOF‐MS data due to multiple cationization products (i.e. Na and K). Measurement of standard samples indicates that the minimum accuracy (95% confidence level) of the TOF‐SIMS method was better than 9% for CsA and 13% for AM1 using only one standard curve'. Similarly, the minimum accuracy of the MALDI/TOF‐MS method was determined to be 14% for CsA and better than 25% for AM1. Blood samples obtained from transplant patients receiving CsA were analyzed by polyclonal fluorescence polarization immunoassay, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and by both TOF‐MS methods. Both TOF‐MS results for CsA and mono‐hydroxylated CsA are in good agreement with the HPLC results.


We describe a social cybernetic view of health behavior problems and a family consultation (FAMCON) format for intervention based on that view. Resurrecting foundational ideas from cybernetic family systems theory, this approach takes relationships rather than individuals as a primary unit of analysis, attaches more importance to problem maintenance than to etiology, downplays linear causality, and blurs the conceptual boundary between an individual patient and factors such as stress or support in his or her social environment. Intervention aims to interrupt two types of interpersonal problem maintenance – ironic processes and symptomsystem fit (conceptualized, respectively, as positive and negative feedback cycles) – and to mobilize communal coping as a relational resource for change. Although this chapter draws primarily on a couple-focused intervention project with health-compromised smokers to illustrate both the clinical approach and supporting research, we have also applied both the FAMCON format and the social cybernetic view of problem maintenance to help couples and families cope with problems related to heart disease, cancer, arthritis, diabetes, dementia, traumatic brain injury, depression, bi-polar disorder, post-traumatic stress, alcoholism, and prescription drug abuse. If FAMCON proves effective with health problems that do not respond to other, more straightforward behavioral approaches, it could offer a useful alternative to psycho-educational and cognitive-behavioral interventions in the framework of stepped care.


Thymoquinone, an active compound isolated from black cumin seeds ( Nigella sativa L.), has pharmacological activity as anticancer, antiinflammatory, and immunomodulator. This compound has a volatile nature, easily oxidized, and low melting point, leading to difficulties in tablet formulation. Moreover, its low solubility in water leading to low bioavailability. Therefore, it is necessary to develop nanoparticle drug delivery systems to solve these problems. Chitosan-thymoquinone nanoparticles can be formed using sodium tripolyphosphate as cross linker by cosolven method. Chitosan solution in acetate buffer pH 4 was added to thymoquinone solution in 50%, 75%, 100% isopropyl alcohol, than sodium tripoliphosphate solution in water was added slowly in a gently stirrer.  The nanoparticle produced was characterized in its loading capacity (LC), particle morphology, particle size, and zeta potential, as well as the loading efficiency (LE) of nanoparticle. Factorial Design Optimization resulted that the best condistion is achieved by 75% isopropyl alcohol using thymoquinone level of 10 mg/mL and chitosan level of 10 mg/mL. In this condition, the nanoparticle has LC of 8.71%, LE of 76.29%, 609.8 nm in diameter and zeta potential of 137.9 mV. It can be concluded that isopropyl alcohol can help the formation of nanoparticles thymoquinone. The particle size and zeta potential is too big, therefore it is craved to modify the process by variation in thymoquinone, chitosan, and sodium tripoliphosphat concentration.


Following the sociology of Georg Simmel, our aim is to clarify the conflicts of patrimony in heritage cities. We will focus on two cities whose historical centres are listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage, Strasbourg in France and Valparaiso in Chile. In that way we will apply some conceptions of Simmel's sociology in order to develop an approach which is interested in the functional structure of the human space of heritage and in the socio-emotional elements of "historical" neighbourhoods. We will point out the presence of conflicts, exchanges, and mediation of social and economic interests about the patrimonial possessions pursuing Simmel's notion of conflict described in a positive way in order to illustrate her function as a producer of social cohesion. In heritage city's financial public and private interests encourage the development of cultural activities, such as the cultural tourism and the improvement of historical buildings. Therefore Simmel's notion of conflict allows us to understand the effects of the politics of development and improvement of the so-called "patrimonial" urban space. Indeed, new forms of power and transactional processes impact the local territorial areas through the valorization and de-valorization of urban space.


The present invention relates to the technical field of the preparation of methanol, particularly a method using the heat of the coke oven gas and converter gas to methanol in the converter gas adsorption regeneration, including coke oven gas pressure swing adsorption to hydrogen desorption gas portion to enter the completed thermal regeneration the converter gas temperature swing adsorber, its blowing cold after being heated to a regeneration temperature of converter gas temperature swing adsorption is required, enter the need of regeneration converter gas temperature swing adsorption regeneration heating it; another portion desorption first into the completed thermal regeneration coke oven gas prepurification adsorber subjected to cold blowing; two kinds of desorbed gas mixture, heated by the heater to the regeneration temperature of the coke oven gas prepurifier adsorption requires, the process proceeds to the coke oven gas prepurification requires regenerated adsorption is subjected to thermal regeneration, the solution after regeneration intake was cooled out. The present invention enables the oven gas temperature swing adsorption regeneration regeneration and converter gas temperature swing adsorption combine efficient use of calories regeneration of the adsorbent, energy saving, no wastewater is generated.


Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, regulate gene expression and, subsequently, phenotype, without changing the underlying DNA sequence. It is well established that the environment and nutrition can regulate methylation and, therefore, modify phenotype. In this review, regulation of DNA methylation and in particular, the influence of B-vitamins on one-carbon metabolism is outlined, and how deficiency or supplementation with B-vitamins, such as folate, can influence disease. Evidence is provided for the roles of B-vitamins in regulating reproduction and how deficiency of B-vitamins may be impacting dairy cattle fertility. Results from our laboratory provide evidence for an association between DNA methylation and gene expression in the endometrium during early pregnancy. It is, therefore, hypothesised that DNA methylation may regulate the uterine response to the embryo during early pregnancy and that aberrant DNA methylation during this time may jeopardise pregnancy success. Further research is required to establish if B-vitamin supplementation can improve reproductive success and if this effect is via changes to DNA methylation and gene expression in the endometrium, or via positive effects on oocyte and embryo development.


Q: What kind of training is "required" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for staff involved in the conduct and management of clinical trials?

A: This is one of the most frequently discussed and misinterpreted questions that is asked regarding clinical trials. The Investigational


If persuasive, this article holds relevance for all historiographical enquiries into 'the past', though particularly those engaging with colonial encounters, in which the documentary sources typically relied-upon are bound-up with the complex politics of the peculiar political, economic, social and cultural situations in which they were created. In the case of 'thuggee'– a 'bandit' phenomenon suppressed by the British in 1830s India – the complexity of power-relations between colonizers and colonized are brought to the fore in the court-records of 'thug' trials. In these trials, the British relied upon the use of informants called approvers, who testified against former accomplices in return for a pardon, thus capitalizing on their liminal position in both judicial and criminal worlds. British dependence upon the very 'criminals' whose activity they aimed to suppress in order to secure the convictions of other 'thugs' has hobbled historical enquiries into 'thuggee' however, miring them in questions about its existence or non-existence independently of the colonial mind. This article argues that a re-evaluation of the ambitions of historiography and the type of truth-claims it makes are imperative if historical studies of 'thuggee' are to continue to offer insightful impressions about colonial pasts.


Martin Heidegger has been described as the philosopher of being. His work is a critique of the dualistic thinking of the metaphysical tradition, where being is regarded as a fundamental ground, and indubitable knowledge is prioritised over sensuous experience. Heidegger's own view is that being is an absence of ground, and a dynamic process in which things emerge into presence from concealment. Whereas the tradition interprets being as a concept, Heidegger focuses on what he describes as "the experience of being." His inquiry draws upon the medieval mystics' relationship to God, and the Presocratic philosophers' experience of wonder at the mystery of existence. In an attempt to understand being itself, Heidegger analyses the being of the human, "Dasein." He argues that because we find ourselves thrown into the world and having to face the imminent possibility of death, we engage in a process of self-creation by projecting ourselves into possibilities. In his later work, Heidegger presents the idea that being and Dasein belong to each other, and can only be understood on the basis of an originary form of difference that is both a union and a separation. My theory is that the dualities structuring thought and language are a consequence of our existence as embodied, spatio-temporal beings, and that metaphysics is one of the ways in which that duality is expressed. I compare Heidegger's notion of originary difference with the concepts of chōra in Plato, and the apeiron in


FIELD: nanotechnology. SUBSTANCE: invention describes a method of production of antibiotic nanocapsules by the method of precipitation with nonsolvent, in which into the suspension of 1.5 g of agar-agar, used as a shell of the nanocapsules, in hexane and 0.01 g E472s as a surfactant, 0.5 g of the antibiotic powder is added in small portions, then 5 ml of acetonitrile as the precipitant is added dropwise, then the resulting suspension of nanocapsules is filtered and dried. EFFECT: simplification and acceleration of the process of producing the nanocapsules, and increase in the yield by weight. 11 ex


To investigate changes of tear osmolarity in patients with Graves ophthalmopathy (GO). Twenty-three patients with GO (GO group) and 25 healthy controls (control group) were enrolled in the study. GO patients were divided into two subgroups as active GO and inactive GO subgroups. Orbital inflammatory activity was evaluated using the clinical activity score (CAS). Tear osmolarity was measured using TearLab Osmolarity System (TearLab™ Corp., San Diego, CA). The GO patients had significantly higher tear osmolarity levels than the healthy controls (p<0.001). Tear osmolarity levels were significantly higher in active GO subgroup than in inactive GO subgroup (p=0.003). We have revealed that GO patients had significantly higher tear osmolarity levels than healthy controls. In addition, there was a relationship between the disease activity and tear osmolarity. Therefore, we suggest that tear osmolarity measurement may be added to other tests for diagnosing dry eye severity in GO and it may be useful to evaluate the disease activity in patients with GO.


This paper introduced the main splicing technologies in section Jiangsu of Huning expressway , such as old pavement treating, old roadbed strengthening, base splicing construction, surface splicing construction. Then the main management problems in the process of broadening expressway were discussed, namely traffic organization, coordination in intersection construction. These technologies can be good references in broadening expressways.


This study has shown for the first time that the middle layer (or layers) of the outer integument is (are) of subdermal derivation in at least some taxa of the Cruciferae. The outer integument is initiated in the Cruciferae in three different ways, viz. subdermally (Brassica, Sinapis), partly subdermally and partly dermally (Lunaria), or completely dermally (Capsella). These differences in initiation are reflected in the structure of the mature testa. The inner integument is completely of dermal derivation and originally two cell-layers thick, but may become more than two-layered during the ovule and seed maturation by periclinal divisions of the inner cell layer. The consequences of the ontogeny of the integuments for the terminology and interpretation of the mature testa is discussed.


FOREWORD vii CONTRIBUTORS xi INTRODUCTION xv 1 RECENT ADVANCES IN CARBOCYCLIC NUCLEOSIDES: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY 1 Jianing Wang, Ravindra K. Rawal, and Chung K. Chu 2 STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS MODIFIED WITH S, Se, AND Te AND COMPLEXED WITH SMALL MOLECULES 101 Wen Zhang, Jia Sheng, and Zhen Huang 3 UNRAVELING OF THE NAD CYCLIZING AND CALCIUM SIGNALING FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN CD38 142 Hon Cheung Lee 4 DNA AND RNA BINDING SMALL MOLECULES 164 Shibo Li and Zhen Xi 5 G-QUADRUPLEX DNA AND ITS LIGANDS IN ANTICANCER THERAPY 206 Zhi-Shu Huang, Jia-Heng Tan, Tian-Miao Ou, Ding Li, and Lian-Quan Gu 6 MOLECULAR MODELING IN NUCLEIC ACID-TARGETED DRUG DESIGN 258 Lidan Sun, Hongwei Jin, Liangren Zhang, and Lihe Zhang 7 STRUCTURE OF 10 23 DNAzyme IN COMPLEX WITH THE TARGET RNA IN SILICO A PROGRESS REPORT ON THE MECHANISM OF RNA CLEAVAGE BY DNA ENZYME 272 Oleksandr Plashkevych and Jyoti Chattopadhyaya 8 LABELING OLIGONUCLEOTIDES TOWARD THE BIOMEDICAL PROBE 292 Il Joon Lee and Byeang Hyean Kim 9 LOCKED NUCLEIC ACID OLIGONUCLEOTIDES TOWARD CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 335 Rakesh N. Veedu and Jesper Wengel 10 THE PHARMACOKINETICS RESEARCH OF NUCLEIC ACID DRUGS 349 Shengqi Wang, Dandan Lu, Qingqing Wang, Haifeng Song, Chan Gao, Caihong Liu, and Ying Wang 11 INDUCIBLE RNAi AND DRUG TARGET VALIDATION 390 Wei Xiong, Jing Zhao, Yufan Zhang, Jinxi Wang, Yong-Xiang Zheng, Qiu-Chen He, Li-He Zhang, and De-Min Zhou 12 siRNA: THE SPECIFICITY AND OFF-TARGET EFFECTS 405 Quan Du, Huang Huang, and Zicai Liang INDEX 423


This scientific opinion of EFSA deals with the risk assessment of the substance copper hydroxide phosphate, CAS No. 12158-74-6, REF. No. 45197 for which the CEF Panel concluded that since the substance is an inorganic salt completely dissociating in aqueous media it should respect the general restriction for copper of 5 mg/kg food, as laid down in Directive 2002/72/EC.


The research and development trend of reduction transformation of nitroaromatic pollutants by zero-valent metal at home and abroad were summarized.In addition,transformation reaction mechanisms of nitroaromatic compounds were also discussed.Finally,the development trend of reductive transformation of nitroaromatic by zero-valent metal was put forward.


Linear energy transfer (LET) and range of electrons in various tissue-equivalent media (DNA, water, and polyethylene) in the energy range of 10 eV to 100 keV, which is referable to most of the spectrum of degradation of secondary electrons of x radiation and delta electrons of heavy charged particles, were investigated. Stopping power of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen for electrons with different energy was discussed.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of carbon disulfide (CS(2)) exposure during peri-implantation on the estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) expression in the uterus and serum level of estradiol (E(2)) in pregnant mice, and to explore the mechanism of embryotoxicity of CS(2).

METHODS
Healthy female mice were exposed to a single dose of CS(2) (631.4 mg/kg) or olive oil (solvent control) on gestational day (GD)3, GD4, GD5, or GD6. At different time points after exposure, the serum E(2) levels of the pregnant mice were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression levels of ER-α in the uterus were measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot.

RESULTS
Compared with the control group, the GD3, GD4, GD5, and GD6 exposure groups showed significantly decreased serum E(2) levels on day 7 of gestation (P < 0.05); the GD3 and GD5 exposure groups showed significantly decreased serum E(2) levels on day 6 of gestation (P < 0.05). The expression level of ER-α in the GD 4 exposure group was 23.6% lower than that in the control group on day 5 of gestation, and the expression level of ER-α in the GD 5 exposure group was 72.9% lower than that in the control group on day 6 of gestation (P < 0.05); the GD 3 and GD 6 exposure groups showed lower expression levels of ER-α than the control group at any time point, but no significant difference was found (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION
CS(2) exposure during peri-implantation can reduce the ER-α expression in the uterus and the serum level of E(2) in pregnant mice, which may be one of the mechanisms of embryotoxicity of CS(2).


I. INTRODUCTION II. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT III. TERRESTRIAL POPULATIONS AND COMMUNITIES IV. HYDROLOGY AND AQUATIC ECOLOGY V. ECOSYSTEM AND LANDSCAPE-LEVEL ANALYSIS VI. TOWARD THE FUTURE


In this paper, we consider three already known perturbation estimates of the solution to the symmetric  matrix Riccati differential equation. The aim of the paper is to analyse experimentally  the effectiveness of the bounds considered, to compare their sharpness for problems with increasing conditioning, and to specify the area of application of the bounds analysed. The analytical solution to the scalar Riccati differential equation of one of the experimental models is proved in theorem. The results suggest a new field of research.


The marked increase in the incidence of overweight and obese persons is recognized as one of the most serious public health issues in the United States. It is estimated that currently >60% of American adults are overweight and 20% are obese.1 Overweight and obesity are associated with a significantly increased mortality from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other causes.2–4⇓⇓ Although obesity itself appears to augment the incidence of cardiovascular events, it is also associated with major risk factors for atherosclerosis including hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and the metabolic syndrome.1,5⇓ How obesity and each of these risk factors are involved mechanistically in atherosclerosis have been areas of intense research but are poorly understood. A panel of experts assembled by the National Institutes of Health recently concluded that the study of mechanisms by which obesity contributes to atherosclerosis should be a high priority.1 The report by Keaney et al6 in this issue of Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology provides evidence that increased systemic oxidant stress may be an important mechanism by which obesity increases the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

See pages 365 and 434

Enhanced oxidant stress, occurring either locally in the arterial wall or systemically, is one hypothesis to explain the development and progression of atherosclerosis in humans.7–9⇓⇓ In particular, oxidative modification of the lipid components of LDL has been hypothesized as causative. LDL is deposited in the vascular wall early in the course of atherosclerotic lesion development where it is oxidized.10 There is evidence both in vitro and in animal models of human atherosclerosis that oxidized lipids derived from LDL contribute to many of the stages …


Stress-free and can be manufactured without using a sheeting process, the method of fermentation step onto a sheet of frozen dough, without immediately be put in the freezer to the oven. And the process comprises mixing the dough ingredients, including yeast and a chemical leavening agent, and was aged dough to form a gas composition, was added to the high compression stress in the dough, freezing the dough. Frozen dough is placed directly in the oven without the fermentation step. Bakery product obtained has a desirable texture and flavor. Frozen dough, sheeting the yeast, chemical leavening agent


We study numerical behavior of stationary single- or two-step matrix splitting iteration methods for solving large sparse systems of linear equations. We show that inexact solutions of inner linear systems associated with the matrix splittings may considerably influence the conver gence and the accuracy of the approximate solutions computed in finite precision arithmetic. For a general stati onary matrix splitting iteration method, we analyze two mathematically equivalent implementations and find the cor responding componentwise or normwise forward or backward stable implementation.


We discuss the possibility of light control by means of light diffraction by space charge waves which are the periodic domain trains induced at some circumstances in GaAs Gunn effect diode. The two possible regimes of the proposed device are considered: the first one which is analogous to the Bragg diffraction in case of light-acoustic diffraction and the other one, which we call "intermediate", since the parameter Q which distinguishes the Raman–Nath (Q < 1) and the Bragg diffraction (Q > 10), in this case is ≈ 1 (actually, only bit smaller than 1). Among the advantages of this hypothetical device are the simpler control of operation and perhaps, possibility to couple it with the waveguides and switchers for surface electromagnetic waves and other miniaturized photonic circuits.


Abstract Introduction The hypermetabolic response induced by a large burn is associated with increased cardiac work, total body wasting, and impaired physical function, leading to delays in psychosocial recovery and reintegration into society, and persistence of chronic conditions. Modulation of this response could reduce long-term burn morbidity. Catecholamines drive burn-induced hypermetabolism, therefore clinicians have employed the non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker propranolol to reduce cardiac stress and the hypermetabolic response. Here, in a masked, placebo-controlled study, we investigated the safety and efficacy of the administration of propranolol to adult burn patients during the acute hospitalization period. Methods Adults with large burns (n=157, mean 38 ± 15% TBSA) were enrolled at 13 participating centers. Subjects were randomized to receive placebo (n=75) or propranolol (n=82) with data collected for 72 and 79 subjects, respectively. Propranolol administration was initiated with an oral dose of 0.2 mg/kg dose and adjusted to decrease mean heart rate by 20%. The primary endpoint was effect on cardiac rate pressure product (CRPP), while the secondary endpoints included infections and survival. Adverse events were also tracked. Assessments were conducted between the time of consent and discharge, with a long-term follow-up visit occurring approximately 5 months post-burn on average. Results CRPP was significantly reduced with propranolol during the acute hospitalization period (p< 0.0001, Fig 1). The initial dose of propranolol adequately reduced heart rate in most patients. Infections were not different between cohorts. Cardiac complications (atrial arrhythmias, ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac arrest) occurred at similar rates for each group, as did additional complications (abdominal compartment syndrome, deep vein thromboses, pneumothorax, pulmonary embolus). Mortality was similar for both the placebo and propranolol cohorts. Post-discharge heart rates and blood pressures were similar in both groups at approximately 5 months following injury. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the short-term administration of propranolol to adults with large burns decreases CRPP without increasing complications, infections, or mortality. Furthermore, a safe dosing strategy was identified. This strategy may be effective for reducing acute cardiac stress and hypermetabolism. Future studies should focus on the effects of propranolol administration for longer periods, determining the effects on additional endpoints like the hypermetabolic response, pathologic scarring, long-term cardiac dysfunction, whether smaller burns benefit from the administration of propranolol.


Filled skutterudites,as a type of promising thermoelectric materials,have attracted much attention in recent years.The electronic structures and transport properties of CoSb3 and Ba,In filled skutterudite compounds of Ba0.5Co4Sb12,In0.5Co4Sb12 and Ba0.25In0.25Co4Sb12 are studied by the first-principles method and Boltzmann transport theory calculation.The results of electronic structures show that the Ba and In filling make the lattice parament of CoSb3 a little bigger and change the bottom characteristics of the conduction band.The transport properties results indicate that the electrical conductivity and power factor of Ba,In filled CoSb3 have markedly improved compared with the CoSb3.It is found that Ba atoms make the electrical conductivity increased significantly,but In atoms can effectively improve the Seebeck coefficient.Moreover,Ba and In double-filled have a better thermoelectric performance compared with Ba,In single-filled CoSb3.


Lyman-alpha (Ly-a) absorption features detected in quasar spectra in the redshift range 0<z<6 are a powerful tool to probe the intergalactic and circumgalactic media (IGM and CGM) and, consequently, to constrain models of galaxy formation and cosmology. In the first part of this thesis, I overcome certain numerical challenges posed by cosmological hydrodynamic simulations by developing a novel semi-analytic technique to predict various statistics of the Ly-a absorption in the IGM with large N-body cosmological simulations. The technique developed in this work is more accurate than previous attempts in the literature. More importantly, it can be applied on Gpc-scale N-body simulations, allowing an accurate investigation of the Ly-a absorption at unprecedentedly large scales. In the second part of the thesis, I consider observations of Ly-a absorption in spectra of background quasars at different transverse separations (between 25 kpc and 17 Mpc) from foreground galaxies, and compare them with the predictions of different state-of-the-art hydrodynamic cosmological simulations. For the first time, I show that combining observations of Ly-a absorption in the IGM and the CGM can tightly constrain the models of sub-resolution physical processes implemented in simulations (e.g., feedback). With near-future high-precision observations of Ly-a absorption, the tools developed in this work will set the stage for even stronger constraints on models of galaxy formation and cosmology.


Many energy harvesters (EH) deliver an ac voltage and require a rectifier as a consequence. This paper describes how the rectifier affects the power flow transmitted from the EH to the load and how to tackle the different voltage amplitudes. This study has been performed using analytical calculations, numerical modeling and experiments. To reach the maximum power transfer, conventional methods apply a fraction of the open-circuit voltage delivered by the EH. In contrast, this study points out that the optimum operating point must be shifted by a quantity depending on the rectifier characteristics. This difference is particularly important when the EH provides relatively small ac voltages. Two classic rectifiers are covered: a diode bridge (DB) and a MOSFET bridge (MB). An approximated solution of the analytical model is proposed and allows to optimize the EH without cumbersome numerical computations. Experiments are conducted first with a function generator and then with an electromagnetic EH prototype. The outcomes from the analytical model and the numerical model are in good agreement with the experimental results. A new regulation method is proposed for maximizing the power transferred from the ac EH to the load.


In order to analysis the tensile properties of the high-tech fibers for fishing gear materials. tensile strength was tested on raw materials, single yarns and netting twines(plied yarns)made of nylon, kevlar 29 and techmilon respectively. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The tensile stress and tenacity of unknotted single yarns in dry and wet conditions were 3 to 3.5 times greater in the high-tech fibers than in nylon. But the elongation of the high-tech fibers was about 15% of that in nylon. 2. The tensile strength of knotted single yarns in dry and wet conditions was arranged in order of as follows : techmilon. kelver 29, and nylon. The ratio of knot strength to tensile strength, knot efficiency, was the highest in nylon. 3. The tensile strength of unknotted netting twines in dry and wet conditions was 2.3 to 2.5 times greater in the high-tech fibers than in nylon. 4. The tensile strength of knotted netting twines in dry and wet conditions was arranged in order of as follows : techmilon, kevlar 29, nylon. The knot efficiency was the highest in nylon.


This thesis argues that the Philippines is yet to fulfil its international social security obligations. Based on the criteria of legality, availability, accessibility, acceptability and adaptability (LAAAA), a socio-legal research assessment tool that is developed in this thesis, detects that more than 58 per cent of Filipinos have no legal right to social security. Expressed differently, more than half of the Philippine population have no access to the provision of social security in the Philippines. It is argued that corruption is a significant factor that limits the Philippines compliance with its international obligations.
There are three sections to this thesis. The first section of the thesis analyses whether the Philippines has internalised its social security obligations through an examination of the policies and programs which prevent and ameliorate poverty in its domestic legal order. This part examines how poverty is identified and measured in the Philippines, the composition of its social security system, and how its system compares with that of other Asian nations. It establishes that the Pilipino provision of social security is composed of three elements: social insurance, social assistance, and sub-systems of welfare assistance, but these do not alleviate or prevent poverty. The cash rate for social assistance is insufficient. This section identifies that the family is considered the primary institution of the Pilipino social security.
The second section examines how the human right to social security was established by many nations, including the Philippines, following World War II. It traces the development of internationalisation and looks at varying opinions regarding the interpretation of what constitutes the right to social security. This part also contains a discussion about the Philippines' obligations established under the 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), the 1952 International Labour Organization Convention 102 on the Minimum Standards of Social Security and the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. This part establishes that the Philippines has international obligations concerning the right to social security that it took an active part in establishing.
Having identified the Philippines' obligations under international law, the LAAAA assessment tool is used to measure the Philippines' level of compliance concerning its international obligations regarding the right to social security. LAAAA has been developed from the four standards of availability, accessibility, acceptability, and adaptability adopted by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) to measure the fulfilment of the other rights enumerated by the ICESCR. The additional standard, legality, has been added to assess whether the Philippines has complied with its treaty obligations. The assessment tool shows that, in practice, the Philippines has not achieved the goals of its international obligations. The standard of legality indicates that the Philippines has implemented more welfare programs based on contributory rather than non-contributory legislation. Overall, the use of the assessment tool has detected that the Pilipino provision of social security contains selective welfare programs, policies and legislations that limit the availability, accessibility, acceptability, and adaptability of the system. Thus, the provision of social security in Pilipino law has not responded appropriately to the needs of its people.
The final section of the thesis provides explanations for the high number of Filipinos without adequate social security. It argues that corruption has been a significant drain on public resources, thus limiting their availability for other purposes, including social security. Focusing on the period 1965-2016, it finds that there was an endemic culture of corruption arising from patron-client relations between public officials, the economic and political elites, and the poor. This section establishes the ways in which public corruption has impeded the design and implementation of welfare programs that complied with the intended spirit of the nation's international obligations.


Abstract: This project proposes an IoT-based smart greenhouse system that utilizes a combination of sensors, including soil moisture, LDR, flame, and DHT11, to monitor and regulate environmental conditions for optimal cultivation. By integrating Arduino Uno and NodeMCU, the system establishes a network of interconnected devices that collect real-time data and provide automated control. The project aims to create a self-sustaining and efficient greenhouse environment that enhances plant growth and reduces manual intervention. The effectiveness of the proposed system will be evaluated by analysing the sensor data and comparing the growth parameters of plants cultivated in the smart greenhouse against traditional methods


Yang et al. have shown through a meta-analysis that includes 4,292 articles that low dose lidocaine is capable of reducing cough for endotracheal intubation and significantly reduces sore throat (11). Aminajad et al. observe the same symptom-reducing effect in patients with Covid 19 (18). Likewise, there is a large number of studies that show that local anesthetics, among them the most widely used, Lidocaine, have important effects that prevent cellular damage produced by inflammation in the lung and other organs (6,7,8,9, 10.21). On the other hand, multiple studies that show that the severe and moderate effects of the SARSCov2 coronavirus in humans are due to a dysregulated inflammation, that is, a great tissue immune response, especially in the lung, which produces pneumonia, heart attacks, kidney damage, etc., this response is known as the cytokine storm (1,2,3) and reaches the Hemophagocytic syndrome (4,5) and disseminated intravascular coagulation, this tissue damage leads to multi-organ dysfunction syndrome and death. Therefore, it can be inferred that Lidocaine could attenuate the symptoms of Covid 19, a clinical trial was carried out, administering intravenous Lidocaine at doses of 0.5 to 1 mg / kp per day, dose used in various studies (11), to attenuate the symptoms caused by SARS-Cov2, hoping to reduce the severity of the symptoms produced by the new coronavirus that has been affecting the world population.


In a detailed, recently published, retrospective analysis, Saddoughi and colleagues (1) have studied the records of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) held in the National Cancer Database of USA from 2004 to 2013 with their main focus being an analysis of treatment trends.


New conodont collections from both outcrop sections and subsurface drill core improve the correlation of Anisian (Middle Triassic) strata in British Columbia. New conodont species and morphotypes identified in these collections are used to define new informal conodont faunal assemblages. This preliminary biostratigraphical scheme allows correlation of the Anisian between surface and subsurface sections in British Columbia for the first time, as illustrated by four of the sections studied. Improved correlation has led to a revision of the interpretation of the depositional environment of Anisian rocks in British Columbia, from that of a continental margin to that of a restricted basin. The recognition of some of the new conodont taxa in collections from Nevada and the Canadian Arctic indicates that some of the faunal assemblages may prove useful for regional correlation and placement of the sub-stage boundaries of the Anisian. 1Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 2Natural Resources Canada Geological Survey of Canada, 1500 605 Robson Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6B 5J3. Email: email@example.com 3Ichnology Research Group, Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E3. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Figure 1 – Existing ammonoid and conodont biozonation of the Anisian in British Columbia based on Orchard and Tozer (1997). L = Lower, M = Middle, U = Upper.


The growing interest in sustainable development is reflected in both the market's sensitivity to environmental and social issues and companies' interest in the opportunities that sustainable development objectives provide. SMEs, which account for most of the world's pollution, have significant resource constraints for a sustainable development. Sharing their scarce resources can help them to overcome these constraints and to gain agility and organisational resilience against uncertainties, but the distrust inherent in belonging to different companies prevents them from sharing the necessary information for coordination purposes. This paper presents a coordination mechanism proposal with information asymmetry to allow independent companies' resources to be sustainably shared as a technological driver. The proposed distributed coordination mechanism is compared to both a decentralised–uncoordinated and a centralised situation. The interest of the proposal is evaluated by a computer simulation experiment employing mathematical programming models with independent objectives in the Generic Materials and Operations Planning formulation with a rolling horizon procedure in different demand, uncertainty and product scenarios. Competitive improvement is identified for all members for their excess capacity use and their operations planning.


Background: This research evaluates the association between increased animal product consumption and population-level dementia incidence. Design/methodology/approach: Publicly available data from 54 countries across a 10-year span was used to conduct a multivariate panel data regression to determine significant relationships between dietary changes and rates of dementia. Fixed effects analysis controls for the effect of omitted time-invariant differences between countries. Findings: Excess calorie consumption is associated with a significant increase in dementia whereas fish consumption appears protective. On a population-level basis, increases in milk and egg consumption were associated with an increase in dementia rates. Meat, as a broadly defined category, was found to have no significant effect. Practical Implications: This study supports the well-documented benefits of calorie control and fish consumption to protect against dementia, but indicates that egg and milk consumption is associated with increased population-level dementia incidence. Originality/value: This research expands current literature by using an updated data set, evaluating considerably more countries, and utilizing a regression model that controls for the effects of time-invariant sources of heterogeneity in the data. Keywords: Nutrition Recommendations, Ecological Studies, Mediterranean Diet, Dementia, Blue Zone Diet, Western Diet, Alzheimer's Paper type: Research paper


A lack of motivation, incomprehensible content and a high workload are only some of the causes leading to students' failures in the learning process. Dealing with failures seems to have become a new core competence in the current world, which is why the definition and implementation of an appropriate strategy is essential for prospective learning results. The focus of the contribution is on the meaning of failure and sources of potential student failures in the foreign language learning at the university level. The results presented in the paper base on the survey conducted with English language students at Koszalin University of Technology. Students were asked to identify the field causing learning failures. The described survey delivers information about the sources of failures from learner's point of view, which can be an incentive to develop and implement strategies to cope with failures in the ESP class.


Purpose:  To determine the incidence of consecutive exotropia (XT) following successful surgical correction of childhood esotropia (ET) and identify factors associated with its development.


Abstract A method to facilitate exploratory or discovery-oriented psychotherapy process research is presented. The personal and professional contexts out of which the need for this new approach to psychotherapy process research arose are described. Several changes in scientific values and beliefs that have occurred as a consequence of the development and use of this methodology are noted.


Magic-realism authors attach importance to describe ethical culture,and survey the relationship of men and men,men and nature. They mercilessly criticize the inhuman and savage behaviors of the Latin America society under the premise of humanism and the theory of human nature,and appeal for establishing sincere interpersonal relations and taking care of the environment men relies on for living.


Summary Recent renewed interest in the suprageneric classification of the Rubiaceae has made a clarification of the subfamilial, tribal, and subtribal nomenclature an urgent necessity. Presented here is a list of all suprageneric names published within the Rubiaceae, with an indication of their nomenclatural status; names of segregate families are also included. Attention is drawn to various problems concerning the interpretation of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature with regard to the names of taxa published between the ranks of family and genus. Three subfamilial and ten tribal names are validated with Latin descriptions or diagnoses.


In March 1833 Charles Darwin discovered Devonian fossils in the Falkland Islands. He was excited by his find but could have had little premonition of the long-running geological controversy that he was initiating. Darwin's fossils matched a coeval South African fauna, and as further collections were made the association was apparently strengthened. A particularly important contribution arose around 1910 through collaborations between a local collector, Constance Allardyce, and professional palaeontologists: Ernest Schwarz in South Africa and John Clarke in the USA. The accumulating evidence was seized upon by the early proponents of 'displacement theory' - continental drift - notably Alexander Du Toit, who relocated the Falkland Islands northward for his 1927 South Atlantic reconstruction. A more radical, but geologically sounder proposal arose in 1952 when Ray Adie suggested that the Falkland Islands, rotated through 180°, had originated as the eastward culmination of the Cape Fold Belt and Karoo Basin. In effect, Adie had presciently described a rotated microplate, perhaps the first on record. An opposing view saw the Falkland Islands as part of a fixed, South American promontory, and argument around these two contrasting interpretations of South Atlantic geology continues to the present day.


The coronavirus infection has become a challenge to modern medicine. As of February 19, 2023, there were more than 757 million confirmed cases and more than 6.8 million deaths worldwide, according to the WHO. In the available literature, the problem of a coronavirus infection in the context of forensic medicine has not been considered. The study analyzed 149 autopsy protocols of both sexes aged 30 to 86 years, post-mortem virological examination of which revealed the SARS-CoV-2 virus, for 2020, 2021 and 2022 from the city of Petrozavodsk and regions of Karelia. The analysis of the forensic mortality of those infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus generally corresponds to the structure of in-hospital mortality. In most cases, coronavirus infection was the main cause of death. In the dead, the defeat of the respiratory system in the form of viral and viral-bacterial pneumonia prevailed. The most common fatal complications were adult respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. Most of the dead were over the age of 60. In the structure of combined mortality at home, people with chronic diseases of the respiratory system died more often, and in hospitals, according to the literature, with diseases of the cardiovascular system. Coronavirus infection as a background disease was more common in people over 50 years of age, which may indirectly indicate the predominant spread of the virus in this age group.


In quiescent culture,the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was investigated at different nutrient(nitrogen and phosphorus)levels and in different seasons.Three combinations of light and temperature(450 μmol·m-2·s-1,15 ℃;60 μmol·m-2·s-1,25 ℃ and 100 μmol·m-2·s-1,10 ℃)were made to simulate the conditions of spring,summer and winter,and in each season three initial NP concentrations were designed,TN 0.2 mg·L-1+TP 0.01 mg·L-1,TN 2 mg·L-1+TP 0.1 mg·L-1 and TN 6 mg·L-1+TP 0.3 mg·L-1.The growth rate of chlorophyll a content of C.pyrenoidosa was linearly related to nutrient concentration in spring and summer,i.e.the higher the nutrient concentration was,the faster it grew.But in winter,C.pyrenoidosa reached eutrophication level only at middle nutrient level(TN 2 mg·L-1+TP 0.1 mg·L-1).The influence of season on the relative growth rate of C.pyrenoidosa varied with the nutrient concentration level,which means that nutrient concentration and season were interacted to in their influence on the growth of C.pyrenoidosa.Under the experimental conditions which stimulated the water conditions of the Wujiang River,C.pyrenoidosa was most likely to research eutrophication in spring and summer.


In modern FET/HEMT structures the Gunn-effect is not usually considered as one of the mechanisms able to realize high-frequency (near terahertz (THz)) oscillations of the current. Physically, the effect is caused by the suppression effect of the remote Coulomb interaction which takes place in the gated region of the conducting channel. In the present work we propose a way to overcome this limitation by using the impact ionization effect. It is shown by Monte Carlo simulation that the impact ionization in MOSFET structures allows us to get near THz oscillations.


This article identifies the four basic features common to a "predatory home loan," explains how and why the federal legislative response was ineffective, and proposes and details a model federal mortgage counseling intervention law which would address each of these predatory home loan features. The article also summarizes other useful reform proposals and explains how mortgage counseling would be an important proactive protection to home loan borrowers that should be considered in addition to these other important reform ideas.


Objective:To study the effectiveness of computer-assisted cognitive training system for patients with cognitive function impairment after stroke.Methods:Forty-eight stroke patients with cognitive function impairment were randomly divided into observation group and control group(n=24each).Both groups received the same medical therapy,physical therapy and traditional cognitive therapy,and the patients in observation group also received computer-assisted cognitive system training additionally.The mini-mental status examination(MMSE)and Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment(LOTCA)were used to evaluate the cognition function of the subjects at the beginning and at the end of the training,respectively.Results:At the 8th week of training,the MMSE and LOTCA scores were increased in both two groups,more significantly in observation group(P0.05).Conclusion:The computer-assisted cognitive training system can improve the cognitive function of patient with cognitive function impairment after stroke.


In this note we present an extension of the mean value theorem for integrals. The extension we consider is motivated by an older result (here referred as Corollary 2), which is quite classical for the literature of Mathematical Analysis or Calculus. We also show an interesting application for computing the sum of a harmonic series.


Floods through inundated urban environments constitute a hazard to the population and infrastructure. A series of field measurements were performed in an inundated section of the City of Brisbane (Australia) during a major flood in January 2011. Using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV), detailed velocity and suspended sediment concentration measurements were conducted about the peak of the flood. The results are discussed with a focus on the safety of individuals in floodwaters and the sediment deposition during the flood recession. The force of the floodwaters in Gardens Point Road was deemed unsafe for individual evacuation. A comparison with past laboratory results suggested that previous recommendations could be inappropriate and unsafe in real flood flows.