In this study, trainee solicitors have been selected for the purpose of investigation. Trainee solicitors are working under a training contract, the final stage of the process of qualification as a solicitor. The trainees are therefore ideal participants for research of this nature as they are by the very nature of their training contracts, learners, and through an exploration of the work that they are given to undertake this research can explore how the trainees develop their knowledge and how their information behaviour contributes to that learning. To this and a constructivist approach to inquiry was adopted untilising a narrative technique for the gathering of data. The form of this research was exploratory and descriptive suggesting the need for method that enabled the gathering of sufficient knowledge to present a detailed description of the trainees' behaviour in context, and the interpretation of that description if this aim was to be achieved. To aid in the interpretation and understanding of the trainees' narratives, information is the general term used in relation to need and to knowledge that has been expressed in the form of documents, published resources, files, cases, etc. information forms the basis for the development of know how surrounding tasks, in providing the means for interpreting and understanding what to do. Introduction 1.1 The nature and role of the information behaviour of trainee solicitors in the context of knowledge development within a law firm environment. Within the context of law firms, Edward and Mashling (Gottschalk, 2000) categories the type of information involved in the practice of law as administrative data, declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge and analytical knowledge. Administrative data includes information about firm operations, for example, hourly biling rates for lawyers, and client names and matters . Declarative knowledge is knowledge of the law, the lega principles contained in statutes, court opinion and others sources of primary legal authority. Procedural knowledge is knowledge of the mechnanics of complying with the law's requirements in a particular situation, and analytical knowledge is the conclusion reached about the course of action a particular client should follow in a particular situation. This categorisation of practice within law firms clearly indicates that law firms are both intensive users of information and of knowledge and are well suited for knowledge and information and information behaviour investigation. Furthermore, law firms have always been pure knowledge businesses, always conscious of the fact that their sustainable advantage is the expertise and knowledge of their lawyers (Parsons, 2004), and therefore how developed their knowledge in practice is likely to be of interest. In this study, trainee solicitors have been selected for the purpose of investigation. Trainee solicitors are working under a training contarct, the final stage of the process of qualification as a solicitor. The purpose of the training contract is to give the trainees supervised experience in legal practice through which they can refine and develop their professional skills (Law Society, 2005). The trainees are therefore ideal participants for research of this nature as they are by the very nature of their training contracts, learners, and through an exploration of the work that they are given to undertake this research can explore how the trainees develop their knowledge and how their information behaviour contributes to that learning. Through an investigation of the information behaviour of trainee solicitors and how this behaviour shape their knowlegde development, a law firm could be better placed to consider enablers and inhibitors to learning, and to consider methods that better enable the trainees to develop their knowledge, knowlegde being recognised as a law firm's sustainable advantage. 2.1 Literature Review There has been very little published research on the information behvaior of solicitors (Leckie, et al 1996; Wilkinson 2001). This lack of research has directed this study towards models that have been found to consider the information seeking of lawyers and that were further considered to fit with the research paradigm of this study. Leckie et al (1996) analytic model of the information seeking behaviour of professionals was identified and selected as a n initial framework base. This model has beeen used as an aid to research in relation to the information seeking behaviour of students studying law (Kerins, 2004), and has been brought into question by Wilkinson (2001), in relation to her emperical study of the information sources used by lawyers in problem-solving. Kuhthau's (1991) Information Search Process model was selected as it has not only been emperically tested with various groups of professionals, including a small group of lawyers, but also draws attention to affective factors, the feelings associated with each stage of the process, an element identified as missing from Leckie, Pettigrew and Sylvain's model, but an element that emerged through the iterative process of analysis of the trainees narratives. In addition, whereas Leckie, Pettigrew and Sylvain provide a model of the broad elements identified as depicting the information seeking behaviour of professionals, such as roles, tasks, etc. Kuhlthau provides a more contextual and individual approach. Kuhlthau presents information seeking as a process of construction, withy uncertainty decreasing as understanding increases, incorporating the cognitive with the affective experience common in the process of information seeking and use (Kuhlthau and Tama, 2001), thereby adding contextual depth to this study's framework. Although these models are mainly concerned with information seeking as oppose to information behaviour, both models consider the influence of task on information needs, seeking and use, and therfore provide and information base from which to consider the findings of this research. Leckie et al. (1996) developed the model based on an extensive meta-review of literature in Library and Information, as well as other professional fields such as health care, law, and engineering. Leckie et al. (1996) state that, the model can be applied to any profession. Reddy (2003) highlights four themes that underpin the model. 1. The broad context of any professional should be studied and understood 2. The details of the professional's work should be carefully examined 3. The tasks and roles of the professional should be made explicit 4. Professional information seeking portrays unpredictability, which could cause frustration The components of the model include professional's roles and tasks, features of information needs, awareness of information, sources of information, and the results (outcomes) of the process of information seeking Du Preez (2008) and Reddy (2003). Figure 4 illustrates the relationship of the elements of the model. Figure 1. Leckie et al. (1996) Models of Information Seeking for Professionals. The model posits that the professionals' roles and tasks results in information needs. Consequently, the needs lead the professionals to seek information (Reddy 2003). The information seeking process entails several intervening factors that can influence the outcomes. The two factors include the sources of information and the awareness of that information Du Preez (2008) and Reddy (2003). According to Leckie et al. (1996), "the professional's awareness of information sources, and or information content can determine the path information-seeking will take." The elements embedded in the awareness of information include the following. 1. Familiarity and previous success 2. Trustworthiness (belief that a source will offer credible information) 3. Timeliness of the search 4. Quality and relevance of the information in relation to the task 5. The costs associated with the search


The move towards greater flexibility in working practices, catalysed by the introduction of new technology, has for a long time promised women a better deal in the workforce, including offering an opportunity to combine employment with family responsibilities and personal interests. But what is the reality behind the shift to new work practices? Following Jane Phillips' discussion of part‐time working in the last issue, Dr Michael Cross, Fellow of the City University Business School and until recently a Principal Research Fellow at the Technical Change Centre, looks at contemporary approaches to flexible working in the UK and the forces bearing on their progress.


AIM To establish a method for determining costunolide,isoalantolactone and alantolatone in Dasi Mabao Pill(Chebulae Fructus,Aucklandiae Radix,Inulae Radix,Laccifer laccae Resinatum,Pterocephali Herba,Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma,Benzoinum,Moschus,Aconiti szechenyiani Radix,Oxytropis falcatae Herba,Meconopsis horridula Herba,Lagotis brachystachydis Herba,Chrysosplenii sinici Herba,Aconiti Herba,Holarrhenae antidysenteriacae Semen).METHODS The costunolide,isoalantolactone and alantolatone in Dasi Mabao Pill were determined by HPLC.CAPCELL PAK C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) column was used.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.4 % phosphoric acid(58∶ 42) with the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃ and UV detection wavelength was set at 225 nm.RESULITS The costunolide,isoalantolactone and alantolatone were linear at the ranges of 0.199 6-3.493 μg,0.219 6-3.843 0 μg,0.210 6-3.685 5 μg,respectively.The average recoveries were 97.57%,98.91 %,97.21% and RSDs were 1.65%,1.37% and 1.44%,respectively(n=6).CONCLUSION The established method is accurate,reliable and specific,and can be used to control the quality of Dasi Mabao Pill.


The CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is designed to accelerate and bring into collision high-energy protons as well as heavy ions. Accidents involving direct beam impacts on collimators can happen in both cases. The LHC collimation system is designed to handle the demanding requirements of high-intensity proton beams. Although proton beams have 100 times higher beam power than the nominal LHC lead ion beams, specific problems might arise in case of ion losses due to different particle-collimator interaction mechanisms when compared to protons. This paper investigates and compares direct ion and proton beam impacts on collimators, in particular tertiary collimators (TCTs), made of the tungsten heavy alloy INERMET 180. Recent measurements of the mechanical behavior of this alloy under static and dynamic loading conditions at different temperatures have been done and used for realistic estimates of the collimator response to beam impact. Using these new measurements, a numerical finite element method (FEM) approach is presented in this paper. Sequential fast-transient thermostructural analyses are performed in the elastic-plastic domain in order to evaluate and compare the thermomechanical response of TCTs in case of critical beam load cases involving proton and heavy ion beam impacts.


The SAS4A and SASSYS computer codes are being developed at Argonne National Laboratory for transient analysis of liquid metal cooled reactors. The SAS4A code is designed to analyse severe loss-of-coolant flow and overpower accidents involving coolant boiling, Cladding failures, and fuel melting and relocation. Recent SAS4A modeling developments include extension of the coolant boiling model to treat sudden fission gas release upon pin failure, expansion of the DEFORM fuel behavior model to handle advanced cladding materials and metallic fuel, and addition of metallic fuel modeling capability to the PINACLE and LEVITATE fuel relocation models. The SASSYS code is intended for the analysis of operational and beyond-design-basis transients, and provides a detailed transient thermal and hydraulic simulation of the core, the primary and secondary coolant circuits, and the balance-of-plant, in addition to a detailed model of the plant control and protection systems. Recent SASSYS modeling developments have resulted in detailed representations of the balance of plant piping network and components, including steam generators, feedwater heaters and pumps, and the turbine. 12 refs., 2 tabs.


In this position paper we review the historical emergence of Agents and the current developments around our integrated Web and Agent platform. The focus of the paper is to show that research results in Intelligent Tutoring and Learning Environments are strongly related to most of current hot issues in Agents and Agent Communication Languages, and vice- versa: that realistic dialogues for Human Learning will be generated by advances in models and tools for Agent Communication.


Remote Collaboration in the Design Studio. (May 2004) Abey Mathew George, B.Arch., Kerala University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Valerian Miranda Information technology offers many tools for promoting collaboration and communication in architectural design. A growing number of companies and individuals are adopting computer-based techniques to facilitate remote collaboration between geographically distributed teams. Thus, it is important to investigate the use of technology in developing collaborative tools for architects, especially as required training in architectural education. This research explores the feasibility of augmenting communication in the design studio using a web-based collaboration tool. A prototype was developed for an integrated system that allows for streaming media, real-time collaboration, and multi- way video, audio and text messaging, tailored specifically to the needs of a distributed architectural design studio. The Collaborative Online Architectural Design Studio (COADS) is based on a three-tier client-server structure consisting of an interface tier, an application-logic tier and a data tier. COADS allows role-based participation for students and teachers, facilitating collaboration over design sketches and presentations using personal computers equipped with a microphone and a web-cam.


This special issue contains a selection of seven articles from ASAI 2007, the 9th Argentinean Symposium on Artificial Intelligence. ASAI is an annual event intended to be the main forum of the Artificial Intelligence community in Argentina. The 9th Argentinean Symposium on Artificial Intelligence was held during August 27th 28th, 2007, in Mar del Plata Argentina and was part of the 36th JAIIO, the 36th Argentine Meetings on Informatics and Operations Research, organized by SADIO.


― We present a case of gastric perforation occurred in an esophageal hiatal hernia treated by emergency operation. A 78-year-old woman was brought into our hospital by ambulance because of hematemesis. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed multiple longitudinal ulcers at the esophagogastric junction. A CT scan showed mediastinal emphysema. The patient was emergently operated on with a suspected diagno-sis of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus. Since pleural effusion was few and the mediastinal emphyse-ma was localized in the inferior mediastinum, we selected the transhiatal approach. Median incision was made in the upper abdomen and we reached the esophageal hiatus site, where the esophageal hiatal hernia was seen. We confirmed a laceration about 5 cm in length at the cardiac part within the hiatal hernia, through which the gastric tube had exposed. Following simple closure of the ulcerative perforation, we performed closure of the esophageal hiatum, followed by plication suture of the fundus of the stomach to the anterior wall of the anastomosis and the diaphragmatic crus to make cardioplasty. Transgastric enter-ostomy was placed. After intraoperative confirmation of the closure of the sutured site by using an endos-copy, the operation was completed. A contrast study performed on the 8 th postoperative day (POD) revealed suture failure, for which fistulation by drain management was planned and endoscopic closure of the anastomosis was done on the 23 rd POD. Thereafter the patient started oral ingestion from the 40 th POD and was transferred to another hospital on the 63 rd POD.


the purpose of this research is the evaluation of the relationship between emotional intelligence trait and entrepreneurship intentions and attitudes toward entrepreneurship which its mediator variables statistical society of the present survey includes the M.A. students of Islamic Azad University and Guilan University which are 5927 individuals .(Guilan University =3784 individuals and IAU of Rasht = 2143 individuals ) the least number of the sample was defined using kokran limited sample. Sampling is determined through simple random sampling without replacement and data were collected through a questionnaire. Even though more than 350 questionnaires were distributed, only 326 correct questionnaire were collected and the results were analyzed based on the structure model. Results represent that attitudes toward entrepreneurship has a positive relationship with entrepreneurship intentions. Totally, with respect to structural statistics of the model and determined ratios it can be claimed that (analytic model of the survey) is satisfactory in determining and predicting the final dependent variable of the survey which is entrepreneurship intentions.


Objective To understanding the implementation of ICU infection control measures and the effect of ICU infection control measures on hospital infection control,in order to take effective control measures to reduce the occurrence of hospital infection.Methods The infection control personnel inspected the implementation of ICU infection control measures 2 times per week.The results of clinical rounds were discussed and analyzed,the rectifcation measures were formulated,and the rectification results feedback.Results The rates of correct and compliance on hand hygiene were respectively 79.2%,51.6% after rounds,and were higher than 58.5%,30.3% before rounds,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =10.65,50.24,respectively; P < 0.05).The incidence rates of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP),arteriovenous catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) and urethral catheter-related urinary tract infection (CAUTI)were respectively17.1%,2.4%,1.1% after rounds,and were lower than 30.2%,4.8%,2.5% before rounds,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =4.08,0.42,4.06,respectively; P < 0.05).The qualified rates of infection control indicators including enviroumental health management,sterile technical operation,disposable sterile items management and medical waste management were respectively 94.3%,96.2%,95.2%,91.4% after rounds,and was significantly higher than 80.9%,72.3%,79.1%,68.6%before rounds,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =7.42,20.71,10.88,15.74,respectively; P < 0.05).The rectification rate of infection control measures problems was 95.4% in 2012,and was significantly higher than 77.8% in 2011.Conclusions Infection control rounds can improve subjective initiative and the bidirectional interaction in infection monitoring personnel,ICU physicians and nurses,improve the execution rate of prevention and control measures,and improve the quality of infection control.

Key words:
Infection control;  Rounds;  ICU;  Infection management


Industries and governmental agencies throughout the United States are confronted with a number of issues focusing on the subject of what is, and how, hazardous and contaminated solid waste should be properly managed and controlled. These issues are receiving increased attention as regulatory legislation governing the management of waste magnifies in terms of enforcement and performance standards


With so many people traveling to areas of the country where coccidioidomycosis is endemic, recognizing this disease has become a matter of concern to physicians in every state. A history of exposure is an essential clue in diagnosis, but absence from an endemic area for a considerable time does not exclude the possibility of the disease.


Cladophialophora bantiana is a rare cause of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in both normal and immunocompromised patients leading to high mortality. We report this rare case report of cerebral abscess caused by these dematiaceous fungi in 47year old male patient, a case of chronic renal failure with end stage renal disease an immunocompromised state along with Hepatitis C infection. Radiological investigations revealed the presence of mature abscess in left parietal cortex. Microcraniotomy with stereotactic aspiration of brain abscess was done. Fungal culture confirmed the etiology as Cladophialophora bantiana. The patient was started on antifungal agents. But the patient could not be successfully treated as he succumbed to his


While the individual elements of the crisis of the scholarly enterprise have appeared before, they have not been integrated into a comprehensive view of the emerging future. Such a view is attempted here.


Significantly enhanced low-field magnetoresistance (LFMR) and maximum dMR/dH {(dMR/dH) max } values were successfully achieved from La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 (LSMO)-manganese oxide composite samples prepared by liquid phase sintering, compared with those of the same composites prepared by solid state reaction. For this study, pure LSMO and LSMO-manganese oxide composites with various nominal compositions of (1-x)LSMO?xMn₂O₃ (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.8) were sintered at 1450°C, above the eutectic temperature of 1430°C, for 1 h in air. The highest LFMR value of 1.28% with the highest (dMR/dH) max value of 21.1% kOe ?1 was obtained from the composite sample with x = 0.3 at 290 K in 500 Oe. This enhancement of LFMR and (dMR/dH) max values is ascribed to efficient suppression of magnetic disorder at the LSMO grain boundary, by forming a characteristic LSMO-manganese eutectic structure.


The objective of this paper is to carry out a comparative analysis between the incidence of monthly cases of malaria with the South Oscillation Index (SOI), in the Sifontes municipality located in Bolivar, Venezuela, during 1995-2006. Monthly records from the SOI (It characterizes El Nino/South Oscillation: ENSO) and malaria cases incidence for the given study area were used for the analysis. The SOI records were sorted according to their intensity and the Cardenas classification (2003) (0.64 neutral to >1.5 strong). Analysis of simple correlation were made between series with up to 12 surplus or temporal displacement and the first surplus are set to be more significant. Finally, the autocorrelation results show a higher dependency of the series of malaria incidence (26 periods) and the analysis of crossed correlation suggests that the periodicity of the series is 10 months. The study concluded that the intensities from neutral to moderate of the SOI have an effect (time to respond) of 4 up to 10 months over the incidence of malaria in the area of study.


Unlike other forms of Shakespearean performance, radio has no visuals to convey action and reaction. While this can pose problems (such as how to make the highly visual comprehensible), the fact that radio relies on words means it naturally puts more emphasis on the text than any other medium, concentrating attention on the rhythm and poetry of the plays. As one radio producer put it: 'In radio, the spoken word is in close focus'. This is particularly true of BBC productions, which have historically made little intervention in the presentation of Shakespeare's work. Over the last century, productions of the plays have taken one of two routes to the airwaves: the majority of producers choose to leave the texts virtually untouched and create what was once described as 'a Shakespeare reading on a luxurious scale'. Others fully adapt the work, making adjustments and additions. These alternate styles are reflected in the two most recent BBC productions, Othello and Henry IV, Part 1. Almost from the BBC's inception, Shakespeare's plays were an integral part of its output. Producer Cecil Lewis wrote in 1924 that the playwright's 'amazing beauty lies almost entirely in the spoken word as a means of presenting character and situation. No better plays for broadcasting could have been written'. For decades the beauty of Shakespeare's poetry was the primary concern of critics and was frequently referred to in reviews, especially when it was deemed to be inadequately delivered. In assessing a 1935 production, Grace Wyndham Goldie complained that while radio's purpose 'must surely be to concentrate on the fine speaking of his [Shakespeare's] poetry... in last Sunday's version of "Macbeth" nobody seemed to be bothering very much about the verse'. The desire for 'fine speaking' may be at least part of the


In this paper we characterize the architecture, histochemistry, spindle composition, and motor pool organization of rat dorsal neck muscles: splenius (SP), biventer cervicis (BC) and complexus (COM). We also consider (1) whether individual rat neck muscles are innervated by more than one population of motor neurons as they are in turtles and cats and (2) whether in these muscles motor neuron size scales with muscle fiber type.


Mantle xenoliths are important sources of information on thermal and petrological structure of lithospheric mantle and its temporal variation. Extraction of such information from xenoliths in arc settings is critical to understand evolution of wedge mantle. However, our knowledge on arc lithosphere is limited because of lack of reliable geobarometers for plagioclaseand spinel-peridotites. We have conducted geothermobarometry on carefully selected pairs of minerals and their chemical compositions, and successfully gained reasonable pressure estimates. This allows us to construct reliable thermal and petrological structure and its temporal variation of the mantle beneath NE Japan arc. Ichinomegata volcano is a latest Pleistocene maar in Oga peninsula, NE Japan. Peridotite xenoliths occur as inclusion in basaltic to dacitic pyroclastic rocks (Katsui et al. 1979). The MOHO depth beneath Ichinomegata is estimated as 28 km (Zhao et al. 1992), and the depth of lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) was estimated to be close to that of Japan Sea (ca. 60 km; Zheng et al. 2011). Eight lherzolite and one wehrlite samples were examined. Three samples contained plagioclase and/or pyroxene-spinel symplectite after plagioclase (Takahashi, 1986), and six samples were spinel-peridotite. They are also grouped into two types: equigranular samples with etching pits on void surfaces indicating a fluid phase, and porphyroclastic samples with interstitial glass suggesting a melt phase. We analyzed chemical zonings of orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene using EPMA to pinpoint compositional pairs where equilibrium conditions are preserved. Four patterns of the chemical zonings of Ca, Al, and Cr due to temperature (T) changes are distinguished. They indicated 1) simple and gradual T decrease, 2) gradual T decrease followed by rapid and weak T increase, 3) gradual T decrease followed by rapid and strong T increase, 4) faint T increase. The prograde zonings observed in (3) are referred "preheating" in Takahashi (1980). On the basis of the zoning patterns and consideration on diffusional time scale, the most appropriate pairs of chemical compositions and minerals preserving pressure and temperature information just before xenolith extraction were identified for geothermobarometry. The essential strategy in the choice of geothermobarometers is based on the fact that Al and Cr effects on geothermobarometries are very difficult to evaluate which is actually included in several thermobarometers (e.g. Lindsley 1983; Tayler 1998; Nimis and Taylor 2000; Putirka 2008). This is because response of the solubility of Al and Cr in pyroxene to pressure and temperature changes is different for plagioclase, spinel, and garnet peridotites (Gasparik 2003). We thus used TBKN and TCa-in-Opx (Brey and Köhler 1990), since the effects of Al and Cr contents are less important. The estimated pressure ranges from 0.7 to 1.6 GPa, which correspond to a depth range from 28 to 54 km (± 6 km), and the estimated temperature ranges from 831 to 1084 °C (± 9 °C). The pressure values are well within the range of lithosphere, and the temperature values are consistent with those of previous studies (e.g. Takahashi 1980; Takahashi 1986; Abe and Arai 2005). According to the pressure estimate, we can construct thermal and petrologic structure beneath Ichinomegata. Samples derived from the deeper level (1.1-1.6 GPa) were "preheated" (up to 1016-1084 °C), and samples from the shallower depth (0.7-0.9 GPa) stayed at low temperature (832-905 °C) without such "preheating". Systematic depth variations of various features of the xenoliths are identified: the change of Al-phases from plagioclase to spinel, the change of interstitial phases from fluid to melt, and change of microstructure from equigranular to porphyroclastic textures. The consistent depth dependent transitions might correspond to those expected in the thermal and rheological boundary SIT25-P12 JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017


The necessity of structure reliability designis briely introduced,and the structure reliability method is used in a mechanism design in this paper.Considering the complicated uncertainty of the dimension,materials and load,using NESSUS(a mechanical reliability software) to get the structure reliability and parameters sensitivity of the lever.Probabilistic perturbation method was applied to the reliability optimization of a important parameter of the dangerous section.


In this paper, a hygrometer operated by acoustic means is proposed. It is important to measure spatial average humidity for environmental management in a room. In a large space, it is difficult to determine spatial average humidity because conventional sensors measure only local humidity at the measurement point. The proposed acoustic hygrometer utilizes the relationship between the sound attenuation coefficient and humidity. To measure the sound attenuation coefficient, reverberation time in a room is utilized. An acoustic hygrometer based on reverberation time achieves a noncontact measurement of spatial average humidity. As a practical examination, relative humidity (RH) was measured on the basis of reverberation time in a chamber, and compared with reference values. The humidity measurement accuracy of the hygrometer was evaluated by statistical means because the measured reverberation time showed variability. From the results, the possibility of humidity measurement with an accuracy of about 5% RH at 50% RH or more using this hygrometer was verified. Here, the unit of RH is % RH.


This article explores the visual nature of academic discourse within Higher Education in South Africa. It provides insight into the increasing influence of the visual in academic writing – arguing that the materiality and visuality of writing be considered alongside cognitive dimensions. The visual design of writing includes considering aspects such as spelling, typography, emphasis and layout. The article also considers the affordances of images and writing, the function of the visual, and the relations between images and writing. The aim is to create awareness in order to assist students in becoming conscious and active designers of meaning in a multimodal environment. * Dr Arlene Archer is the coordinator of the Writing Centre at the University of Cape Town in South Africa. She teaches in Applied Language Studies, Higher Education Studies, Film and Media, as well as in an Engineering Foundation programme.


Disclosed herein is a packet transmission method wherein received packets are sorted into prioritized QoS packets and general packets other than the prioritized QoS packets, the sorted prioritized QoS packets are accumulated, the accumulated QoS packets are capsulated and then transmitted as a capsulated packet, and the capsulated packet is transmitted in matching with the period of a CODEC. In the preferred embodiment, there is provided a wireless LAN system comprising a base station and at least one wireless LAN terminal connected to said base station via a wireless LAN; and a packet transmission system for transmitting a packet between said base station and said at least one wireless LAN terminal via the wireless LAN, the packet transmission system. In the packet transmission system, a packet sorter sorts received packet into prioritized packets and packets other than the prioritized packets. A FIFO queue buffer (QoS queue) accumulates the sorted prioritized packets. A packet combiner capsulates the accumulated packets in the QoS queue. A wireless packet transmitter transmits the capsulated packet between the base station and the at least one wireless LAN.


This study was investigated the protective effect of Cultivated Wild Ginseng(WG) on the toxicities induced by cyclophosphamide(CP) in mice. Twenty-four male BALB/c mice were divided into non-treated normal group(n=6), CP treated control group(n=6), CP+WG treated CP+WG group(n=6), WG treated WG group(n=6). CP(100 ㎎/㎏ of b.w., i.p) was injected at 0, 7 th, 14 th, 21 th, and 28 th day of the experiment respectively. WG(4.4 g/㎏, i.p.) was administrated for 35days. Body and organ(heart, liver, kidney, testis) weight were measured. Histopathological examination on the organ(heart, liver, kidney, testis), morphometric analysis, and BrdU immunohistochemistry on the testis were performed. Body weight was decreased following CP administration. In contrast, such a decrease was significantly attenuated by WG administration. CPK and AST of CP+WG group were significantly decreased compared with CP group. Histopathologically, cross sectional area of testis and diameter of seminiferous tubule were significantly increased in CP+WG group compared with CP group. BrdU labelled cells in the seminiferous tubules were remarkably decreased in CP group. Whereas the number of seminiferous tubules labelled with BrdU in spermatogonia was increased by CP+WG administration. The obtained results suggest that WG has protective effect on CP-induced toxicity. This effect might be mediated through the supplementation of vital energy.


Abstract : 'The Army and Its Air Corps' was James P. Tate's doctoral dissertation at Indiana University in 1976. During the past 22 years, Tate's remarkable work has gained wide acceptance among scholars for its authoritative and well-documented treatment of the formative years of what eventually became the United States Air Force. Thoroughly researched but bearing its scholarship lightly, Tate's narrative moves swiftly as it describes the ambitions, the frustrations, and the excruciatingly slow march to final success that never deterred the early airmen. 'The Army and Its Air Corps' is one in a series of airpower history classics that the Air University Press is pleased to bring before a wider audience.


Herein, dinuclear and mononuclear iron complexes were investigated as catalysts in the reaction of cyclohexane chlorination employing trichloroisocyanuric acid as oxidant. At 25 °C, the yields provided by both catalysts were similar (∼8%). However, at 50 °C, the mononuclear catalyst showed a better performance (34.4 ± 1.8%) than the binuclear catalyst (24.4 ± 1.0%).


This paper emphasizes on purchasing management;to contractors themselves,purchasing should be incorporated into design procedures and the cooperation partnership between contractors and suppliers should be established to achieve their win-win situation.


Investigations of human behavioral hereditary qualities have made it less demanding to comprehend the relative commitments of hereditary qualities and the environment in watched variety in human conduct The genes responsible for the aggressive conduct with the assistance of literature works on the proteins they code were recognized and the elements of these proteins and the pathways in which they are included are additionally analyzed. As indicated by the elements of these receptors it is watched that over articulation of 2 fundamental receptors prompt strange and expanded aggression. This implies inhibiting over expression would be a source of solution to reduce this abnormal behavior. Along these lines ligands are chosen from GeneCards and Malacards of their hindering properties which can go about as antipsychotic specialists, dopamine rivals, serotonin rival and antidepressants. These ligands are then screened in view of the ADMET properties. The outcomes demonstrate that ligands, for example, L-tyrosine, dexmethylphenidate, olanzapine, parozetine, selegiline and loxapine are more ideal to tie with the proteins. These ligands are then docked with the receptors to locate the fitting inhibitors. The connection between the receptors and the ligands are examined, the docking study uncovers that the suitable ligands can be utilized as an answer for aggressive, criminal and rough behavioral changes as it holds the ordinary conduct.


Abstract Pharmacogenomics harnesses the utility of a patient's genome (n = 1) in decisions on which therapeutic drugs and in what amounts should be administered. Often, patients with shared ancestry present with comparable genetic profiles that predict drug response. However, populations are not static, thus, often, population mobility through migration, especially enmasse as is seen for refugees, changes the pharmacogenetic profiles of resultant populations and therefore observed responses to commonly used therapeutic drugs. For example, in the aftermath of the Syrian civil war since 2011, millions have fled their homes to neighboring countries in the Middle East. The growing permanence of refugees and mass migrations is a call to shift our focus in the life sciences community from old models of pharmaceutical innovation. These seismic social changes demand faster decisions for "population-to-population bridging," whereby novel drugs developed in or for particular regions/countries can meet with rational...


Paediatric status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency associated with significant morbidity. Benzodiazepines (BZPs) are the current first-line treatment, but do not work in over a third of children presenting with SE. Animal studies have shown that SE can cause changes in synaptic inhibition signalling which can ultimately lead to BZPs becoming ineffective. However, the relevance of these mechanisms in paediatric patients with SE remains unknown. To test this hypothesis, we combine clinical EEG recordings with dynamic causal modelling (DCM). This approach allows model-based inference of cortical synaptic coupling parameters based on EEG recorded across distinct oscillatory states. Our DCM revealed that dynamic changes in inhibitory synaptic coupling explain differences in EEG power spectra associated with BZP-treatment responsiveness, and guide the transition from ictal to interictal state. Furthermore, in silico simulations demonstrate that there are alternative routes to seizure termination even in cortical circuit models unresponsive to the BZPs. Together, our findings confirm that alterations in synaptic inhibition underlie BZP response during paediatric SE. More broadly this work further demonstrates the utility of computational modelling to validate insights from basic science in clinically accessible recordings in neurological disorders characterised by abnormal brain states.


In this paper, two plant models, of which one is newly developed and the other one is the conventional one, of the focus servo system of DVD drive are presented and a two-degree-of freedom controller consisted of Inverse dynamics feedforward and LQG/LTR feedback controller is designed. The newly developed plant model is used to design the feedforward controller and the conventional model is used for the design of feedback controller. The output of newly developed model is the displacement of objective lens and the output of conventional model is the focus error of the DVD focus servo system. The displacement of the objective lens is estimated by the dynamics model of the DVD focus servo system. The disturbance rejection performance of the two-degree-of freedom controller is compared with that of an LQG/LTR one.


occurring porphyria in animals, chapters which are of considerable veterinary interest, particularly in regard to the clues afforded to the manner of inheritance of those bovine disorders that have been described. This is a good hook which should certainly be in everv hos~ i t a l and medical school librarv. and innumerable research workers, and temporarily befuddled clinicians, will seek and find clarification of their problems within its pages.


Nothing could be more helpful to bewildered souls than to know something of the historical occasions where science and religion have come into conflict. To learn that our present problems are not absolutely unique and to trace the way in which similar questions have been faced in the past means the attainment of a sense of poise in the place of frantic efforts at forced adjustments. Professor Simpson has undertaken to furnish this much-needed orientation. He leads us along the pathway from primitive religions down to the present controversy over the evolu-


The purpose of this study is to analyze the mediating role of customer satisfaction in the relationship between a customer's lifestyle and service quality to repurchase intention. The population in this study were the customers of Hijablogue Boutique in Brebes Regency with a number of samples of 100 customers. The sampling technique used in this study is purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed with Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results of the study indicate that lifestyle and service quality has a positive influence on customer satisfaction. Lifestyle, service quality and customer satisfaction have a positive influence on repurchase intention. Lastly, customer satisfaction could mediate the influence of lifestyle and service quality on repurchase intention.


1 The 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT)‐receptor subtype and affinity for 5‐HT was determined in large and small coronary arteries isolated as ring segments from the proximal and distal part of the left coronary artery of 3 month (young) and 2‐year old (old) rats. 2 Ketanserin induced a rightward shift of the 5‐HT concentration‐response curve in both proximal and distal coronary arteries from young rats. The slopes of the Schild‐plots were indistinguishable from unity and the estimated pA2 values were 9.11 and 9.27 for proximal and distal coronary arteries, respectively. These data indicate a homogeneous population of 5‐HT2‐like receptors in the coronary arteries. 3 The contractile effect of 5‐HT as well as the sensitivity to 5‐HT was greater in proximal and distal coronary arteries from old than from young rats. 4 The apparent 5‐HT2‐receptor affinity, −log(KA[m]), and fractional receptor‐occupancy for relative responses between 10% and 90% of maximum was determined by partial irreversible inhibition of the 5‐HT2‐receptors with phenoxybenzamine. 5 Ageing was associated with an increase in 5‐HT2‐receptor affinity for 5‐HT in both proximal and distal coronary arteries, whereas the fractional receptor occupancy for half‐maximal response to 5‐HT decreased with age. 6 5‐HT2‐receptor affinity for 5‐HT could account for the 5‐HT sensitivity of distal coronary arteries in both young and old rats but not in proximal coronary arteries as the slope of the regression line of plots of 5‐HT2‐receptor affinity vs. sensitivity was indistinguishable from unity in only the distal vessels. 7 The 5‐HT2‐receptor affinity for 5‐HT was linearly correlated to the fractional receptor occupancy for half maximal response, suggesting that the 5‐HT2‐receptor reserve or density down‐regulates the receptor affinity for 5‐HT. 8 The results indicate that the increase in 5‐HT sensitivity and contractile effect in rat coronary arteries rely upon an increase in both 5‐HT2‐receptor agonist affinity and efficiency of the excitation‐contraction coupling process in the vascular smooth muscle.


BALDWIN, J. and MCCONVILLE, M . : Jury Trials, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1979, £4 95BAIN, G . S . and WOOLVEN, G . B . : A Bibliography of British Industrial Relations, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1979, £47.50. BAKRETT, M . et al. (eds.): Ideology and Cultural Production, Croom Helm, London, 1979, £9.95. Paper £4.95BASH, H . H . : Sociology, Race and Ethnicity, Gordon & Breach, London,


Aiming at the accurate and quick analysis of power quality especially of harmonic problem in power system, interpolation approaches should be applied if the samples collected by hardware are not matched with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) calculation. A quadratic spline interpolation algorithm is proposed on Single Chip Micyoco-Transformer Terminal Unit (SCM-TTU) in this paper. This algorithm considers the continuous of interpolation function and also the first derivative in order to improve the accuracy. It could be applied before FFT calculation to avoid the mismatch of sampling rates. A simulation with mathematic example and also an application with SCM-TTU contains the harmonics from 2nd to 50th orders are experimented, results are presented to show the effectiveness.


We develop a new understanding of the historical horizon of event ontology. Within the general area of the philosophy of nature, event ontology is a still emerging field of investigation in search for the ultimate materialist ontology of the world. While event ontology itself will not be explicated in full mathematical details here, our focus is on its conceptual interrelation with the dominant current of Idealism in Western thought approached by us as a problem in the history of ideas. Our presentation is designed to be accessible to a wider audience. We especially highlight the deep connection between event ontology and postmodernism in general, and the post-war French philosophers Althusser, Foucault, Deleuze, and Guattari in particular, who are viewed as main sources for current and future programs of abstract materialism.


Tissue culture technique was standardized for in vitro shoot multiplication, using nodal segments of 25- 30 years old trees i.e., promising interspecific F1 hybrid of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora and Eucalyptus torelliana). Due to the phenolic exudation explants did not survive and eventually died without regenerating buds. The explants collected from July to September were the best for in vitro studies for icropropagation. The axillary buds were surface sterilized with 0.1% Mercuric chloride solution for 10-15 minutes, followed by 0.1% Bavistin treatment for 1 minute and subsequently washed 3-4 times with sterilized distilled water. These surface sterilized axillary buds were cultured on MS medium supplemented with cytokinin and auxin. MS medium supplemented with 1.5mg/l BAP + 0.1mg/l NAA proved to be the best hormonal combination for induction of axillary bud which resulted in the development of 1-3 axillary shoots. The proliferated shoots were cultured on MS medium with different concentration of BAP (0.1 – 3.0 mg/l) alone or in combination with NAA (0.1-1.5mg/l) and supplemented with sucrose at 3%. The aim of the paper was to obtain maximum rate of in vitro regeneration of FRI-15 by using micropropagation technique.


The emergence of bitcoin in 2008 led to the growth and widespread use of cryptos and crypto exchanges. Unfortunately, crypto exchanges have been subject to hacks among other problems causing investors to lose billions of dollars. These problems are attributed to a lack of comprehensive regulatory framework for crypto exchanges. To address them, the paper seeks to provide guidelines on core issues that a comprehensive regulatory framework should address such as licences, minimum capital requirements, regulatory security standards, among others, by drawing experiences across various jurisdictions. The paper thereafter concludes by suggesting ways through which such regulation could be properly implemented and implores co-operation from both the exchanges and regulators to ensure regulatory efficiency. Keywords: crypto, regulation, crypto exchange, initial coin offerings. DOI : 10.7176/JLPG/90-02 Publication date :October 31 st 2019


Introduction: Video laryngoscope is one of best alternative in managing difficult airways. Our patient presented with left side neck pain and hoarseness of voice for three months, dysphagia to solids for two months. Computed tomography revealed large hypopharyngeal mass and a diagnosis of carcinoma of hypopharynx was made. As endoscopic Ryle's tube insertion by gastroenterologist was unsuccessful so he was posted for Feeding jejunostomy under general anaesthesia.We anticipated difficult endotracheal intubation so our first line of securing airway with awake fibreopticbronchoscopic intubation was unsuccessful, using an alternative method with bougie and video laryngoscopy, the trachea was successfully intubated.In rare clinical scenario fibreopticbronchoscopic intubation may fail, hence we need to be prepared with the backup plan for airway management. A video laryngo scope might be useful in such situations.


EIP-1559 is a proposal to make several tightly coupled additions to Ethereum's transaction fee mechanism, including variable-size blocks and a burned base fee that rises and falls with demand. This report assesses the game-theoretic strengths and weaknesses of the proposal and explores some alternative designs.


Qian Wang Dongmei Zheng Jia Liu Li Fang Qiu Li 1Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; 2Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; 3Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; 4Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China Background: Skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio (SVR) were shown to be related to some chronic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. The aim of this study is to determine whether the SVR is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: A total of 798 subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. Lipid profiles, plasma glucose, blood pressure, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) were grouped by the SVR. The associations between the SVR and T2DM and MS were examined using logistic regression to determine whether the SVR was associated with T2DM and MS. Results: Lipid profiles, glucose levels, blood pressure, WC and BMI showed significant differences when stratified based on the extent of SVR. The SVR levels were also significantly higher in subjects without MS or T2DM than in those with MS or T2DM. The SVR was inversely correlated with lipid profiles and WC and was especially correlated with BMI, with an r>0.5. The SVR was identified as a risk factor for T2DM and MS after adjusting age and sex. SVR can predict T2DM [area under the curve =0.726, 95% CI (0.669–0.782), p<0.001] and MS [area under the curve =0.730, 95% CI (0.694–0.766), p<0.001]. The suitable cut-off value is 0.230 for T2DM (sensitivity 0.696, specificity 0.694) and 0.278 for the onset of MS (sensitivity 0.518, specificity 0.862). Conclusion: The SVR is closely associated with an increased risk for exacerbating T2DM and MS and can be used as a diagnostic indicator for T2DM and MS.


This research is a research of class action. The purposes of this research are 1) to know about the motivation increasing from student to learn mathematic after learning applied using recitation method with LKS on standart topic on Cube and Beam in grade VIII E SMPN 11 Jember year 2013/2014; 2) To know result learning about the increasing from student to learn mathematic after learning applied using re c itation method with LKS on standart topic on Cube and Beam in grade VIII E SMPN 11 Jember year 2013/2014. The research subject is students of SMPN 11 grade VIII. This research consists of 2 cycles. The data collecting method is observation, questionnaire, interview and test for every end of cycle. Based on the analysis result from the motivation questionnaire students in studying mathematic, the average from cycle value and interview about motivation increasing by the students to learn mathematic after using recitation method. The result is shown by 1) The data from questionnaire students in learning mathematic is getting increasing from the first re f lection to the cycle I and to the cycle II is 57,15% becomes 69,87% and in cycle II becomes 76,5% with the high  cathegory; The average from the test result is getting increasing, the average in cylce I is 68,37 becomes 81,13 in cycle II . The interview result is the students get a motivation to study generally. Based on the questionnaire result . Keywords : Recitation method, motivation, Cube and Beam, Learning Outcomes


ABSTRACT
When examining a large flood of migration into a country, an imperative consideration for the affected states is their respect for human rights values, the protection of vulnerable groups and the assurances for the implementation of those values. The case under scrutiny in this thesis is that of domestic workers who are vulnerable due to the nature of their work.
This thesis concentrates on one of the three Ps of human trafficking as outlined in the Palermo Protocol, namely prevention. In particular, the focus lies on two areas relating to the prevention of trafficking of domestic workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). These are, firstly, the disregard of national and international laws preventing trafficking in KSA, and secondly, the limited number of policies that specifically target the prevention of domestic workers trafficking generated in KSA after the issue of laws.
This research into the current circumstances in KSA shows that while anti-trafficking laws, labour laws and domestic workers' bylaws have been issued, the KSA government has disregarded, partially at least, the implementation of these laws in preventing trafficking. This research shows that the KSA government has not introduced any prevention elements into the anti-trafficking legislation. This is due to the fact that even though the KSA government have used an obfuscated method to implement their first anti-trafficking law, they have misinterpreted the goals that needed to be achieved.
The research also finds three main causes for the limited number of policies in KSA, which may explain why trafficking, is not prevented. These causes are: the lack of interaction between international treaties and KSA departments with regards to human trafficking, inconsistencies between different KSA departments in dealing with human trafficking, and finally, the lack of any policies specifically concerning the prevention of trafficking of domestic workers.


This paper is concerned with research assessment procedures adopted by funding agents that target research with industrial applications and close links to socio-economic goals. The funding bodies o ...


AbstractAir sparging (AS) is an in-situ groundwater remediation technique for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in contaminated sites. Knowledge of effect of the injected air on air flow patterns and extent of the zone known as zone of influence (ZOI) is crucial for design of in situ air sparging. The two main objectives of this research are to study transition of air flow patterns and characteristics of ZOI under different air injection pressures during centrifugal tests and to find the scaling factors for centrifugal tests under different gravitational levels (N times gravitational force). In this research, the modeling of models test was first performed to validate centrifugal technique for simulating air sparging. Then, a set of two-dimensional (2D) centrifugal modeling tests were performed under various gravitational levels to study the transition of air flow patterns and characteristics of ZOI during air sparging. The centrifugal model tests showed that the observed 2D ZOI was truncated-cone under v...


Abstract: Aiming at the problem of signal demodulation under noise interference channel, a signal recognition method using deep learning is proposed. The signal demodulation is completed by identifying the signal. The deep confidence network uses a restricted Boltzmann machine as the basic unit to design a multi-layer deep confidence network for communication signal identification. The communication signal is first transformed into a specific characterization sequence, and a complete training set is constructed to perform layer-by-layer unsupervised learning and global supervised fine-tuning feedback learning for the deep confidence network, and realize communication in the weight parameter optimization process of the deep confidence network. Feature extraction and recognition of signals. Simulation experiments show that compared with the traditional modulation signal demodulation method, the detection performance of the signal demodulation method using deep learning is about 0. 4 dB boost.


Objective: To describe quality of life (QOL) over a 12‐month period among women with breast cancer, consider the association between QOL and overall survival (OS), and explore characteristics associated with QOL declines.


The major trade and economic policies in many countries have been shifted to focus on the Free Trade Area(FTA),and environment and trade have become a key content of FTA.This important opportunity for FTA negotiation of environmental service trade should be seized to speed up China's economic development nicely and fastly,and to expedite the strategic turning of environmental service enterprises in China.At present,impct research on FTA to environment and sustainable development should be strengthened to solve the sustainable problem of strategic transformation;impact study on different environmental service categorization should be enhanced to settle the object of strategic transformation;"go out" strategy for domestic environmental service enterprises should be implemented to pave the way for strategic transformation;laws and policies system building for the development of environmental service industries and strategic turning should be quickened,and support strategy for environmental service enterprises should be formulated to guarantee the strategic transformation.


"There is a conception of human history which, proceeding on the faith in the endlessness of time, bothers only to distinguish the tempo at which men and epochs roll down the highway of progress. To this view properly belongs the incoherence, the lack of precision and force of the claims which this view is capable of presenting to the present. The following reflections, on the contrary, are based on a peculiar state in which all of history is collected into one focal point, as in the historical image of the Utopian think ers. The elements of the end of time ["Endzustand"] do not lie evident as formless tendencies toward his torical progress, but rather, they are embedded deep in the present, as its most endangered, ridiculed and scorned creations and thoughts. To render the imma nent state of perfection in its absolute purity; to di rect it visibly and powerfully into the heart of the present: this is the historical task." ? Walter Benjamin1


In the past 10 years, the use of economic concepts and economic evidence in antitrust has become far more sophisticated. To many practitioners, economic evidence has a limited domain. It means either the calculation of a four-firm concentration index (or Herfindahl-Hirschman index) or the use of multivariate regression analysis in calculating antitrust damages. However, what I mean here is the broader and more refined use of empirical relationships generally.


The ecological distribution,classification and oxidation mechanism of methane-oxidizing bacteria are analyzed;according to the principle of determination of coal gas drainage radius,put forward the determination method of effective radius of coal seams injection bacteria liquid to degrade coal gas,being used to test the effect of coal gas degradation;introduced the application of oxidation for coal gas by bioreactor;summarized the application and the advantages and disadvantages of coal gas control measures by microorganisms;designed drilling arrangement of coal seams injection bacteria liquid.


Distribution of social classes (C.C. 0.033) shews us that social group 1 is most uncommon in the air force, 7.3%, and most common in the navy, 10.4%, and the army, 9.7%. Social group 111 is most frequent in the air force, 52.8%, followed by the army, 49.2%, and the navy, 45.3%. Childhood environment expressed in terms of town, small community and country, shews certain differences (C.C. 0.059). The army takes in more country youths, 29.6%, than the air force, 25.9%, or the navy, 19.8%. There is no difference as far as the small communities are concerned, but an urban childhood is more common amongst youths sent to the navy, 54,6%, than those placed in the air force, 49,2% or the army, 44.9%. Place of residence at the time enlistment procedures (C.C. 0.055) shews that the army has the highest representation of country boys, 16.2%, and youths from the other cities, 38,2%. The navy has the highest representation of youngsters from the three largest cities, Stockholm, Gotenburg and Malm e , 24.6%, and from market towns and urban districts, 29.0%. The largest single group within the air force comes from cities other than Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmce, 37.8%. Psychical function (C.C. 0.049) shew-s a certain tendency towards higher evaluations in the army and the navy (fig. 207).


Background: Jacklin et al. (2013) described a rising incidence and a younger onset of dementia in Albertan First Nations compared to non-First Nations patients. Canadian research is limited in Indigenous patients with dementia, leaving it difficult to understand factors contributing to the differences in incidence and prevalence. Methods: 375 patients (41 Indigenous) was seen at the clinic. The questionnaire given during initial assessments were reviewed and differences between groups (non-Indigenous patients versus Indigenous) were assessed. Results: Compared to the non-Indigenous patient, Indigenous patients were younger (p=0.007), were more likely to be female (p=0.033) and had less education (p=0.055). They were less likely to live solely with a partner (p<0.001) and more likely to have a daughter as caregiver (p=0.004). The Indigenous patients were more likely to smoke (p<0.001). Although no differences in diagnosis of mental health disorders were seen (p=0.735), the Indigenous patients scored significantly higher on the CES-D (p<0.0001). Conclusions: This comparison highlights differences potentially affecting the health of Indigenous patients. Acknowledging these differences is critical to individualized patient care. Further research is required to explore how these factors affect dementia disease course and treatment, and how these factors play a role in the differences in incidence and prevalence demonstrated in previous studies.


Though land reclamation was carried out on a large scale, the study has not been satisfactorily performed that concretely explicates conditions of location of the land under cultivation due to lack of related data. Thus, this study tries to grasp geographical and ecological properties of the land under reclamation by examining the aspects of invasion of wildlife's habitats. For this, we investigate tigers and leopards that were ranked the highest in the ecosystem, about which there are many documents in Choseon Wangjo Sillok. That is to say, we examine properties and actualities of the reclamation policy in early Choseon by investigating the relationship between tigers' habitats and farm lands, the physiocratic nature of the tiger-hunting policy, and types of the tiger-hunting policy and their results in early Choseon. Habitats that were preferred by tigers were those regions in those conditions of location in which people could easily cultivate the land. At the beginning of Choseon, tigers and leopards used to inhabit uncultivated fieldsin many cases. Later, the animals moved to mountain areas from ground and hill areas as the reclamation policy driven by the government had begun to show fruitful results on the days of King Sejong and King Seongjong. Since the 16th century, tigers had had as their habitats regions in which people didn't live, and had invaded humans' residential areas when they suffered from lack of foods. In the middle and late 16th century, the animals' habitats happened to reduce to graveyards and big mountain ranges. This paradoxically shows that the people actively cultivated farm lands to destroy the animals' habitats. Choseon drove the tiger-hunting policy based on the physiocracy derived from Maengja's democracy. Intellectuals in Koryeo thought that tigers and humans could live in harmony because they had their own habitats respectively. However, Jeong Do-Jeon, who established the ideology of the foundation of Choseon based on Maengja's democracy, believed wild beasts to be hunted by humans. In early Choseon, kings hunted tigers on their own, and politically encouraged the hunting. Not only did they regard tigers as killing humans and cattle to do harm to farming, but called the animals "devil beasts" because they ruined crops. In early Choseon, the government drove the tiger-hunting policy as a way of supporting the physiocracy. Kings carried out activities of tiger-hunting while they led military drills like the art-of-war training. Furthermore, they appointed some military officers as Chakhogapsa (officer of tiger-hunting) in the central army, and as Cakhoin (personnel of tiger-hunting) in order to secure military power supporting the tiger-hunting policy. They also formulated Pohojeolmok (rules of tiger-hunting) for encouraging the activity of tiger-hunting, and administered Hopigongnapje (tributary payment of tiger skin) in order to check the fruits of the tiger-hunting policy. As a result of the tiger-hunting policy systematically driven by the government, the number of the wild beasts had reduced remarkably, and various discourses with regard to the activity of tiger-hunting had been made among folks. Therefore, the tiger-hunting policy, driven in early Choseon, contributed to the extension of land reclamation and the development of productivity in agriculture as it had been continuously driven with the clear ideological direction to the physiocracy.


Abstract Experimental evidence shows that attribute weighting in value trees is prone to various biases. The origins of these biases are suggested to be either behavioral or procedural. It is most surprising that recent literature does not discuss weighting biases observed in connection with applications where these methods are used to support real decision making processes. This is the situation both with multiattribute value tree analysis and the analytic hierarchy process. Can it really be true that biases are only experimental artifacts which do not occur in applications? We believe that the risks of biases exist but so far they have been ignored in applications. We think that this is a serious missing link in current research. However, we suggest that practitioners can do something to avoid biases. We report preliminary research results how the increased understanding of the weight elicitation methodology and the awareness of the biases can decrease their occurrence. The objective of this paper is to give research ideas for those who are interested in studying these effects in practice.


This Monday 10 October, the Royal Borough of Greenwich will be launching a week of activity as part of the national Hate crime Awareness Week campaign.


The 222-S Laboratory complex stores and uses over 400 chemicals. Many of these chemicals are used in laboratory analysis and some are used for maintenance activities. The majority of laboratory analysis chemicals are only used inside of fume hoods or glove boxes to control both chemical and radionuclide airborne concentrations. This evaluation was designed to determine the potential for laboratory analysis chemicals at the 222-S Laboratory complex to cause elevated airborne chemical concentrations under normal conditions. This was done to identify conditions and activities that should be subject to airborne chemical monitoring in accordance with the Westinghouse Hanford Company Chemical Hygiene Plan.


T story of Burns-Paiute Tribe v. Fred E. Moore began thousands of years ago in what is now referred to as southeastern Oregon. The Northern Paiute people who lived there employed a complex technology to utilize the area resources in a seasonal round. Like most humans, they left behind physical evidence of their lives. Currently, the Burns Paiute Tribe is working to recover this physical evidence, which includes items once used by their ancestors and even the sacred burials of those ancestors, from non-Indians who refer to their activities as "artifact collecting." The tribe recovers individual artifacts and entire collections through purchase or in special circumstances through lawsuits such as Burns-Paiute Tribe v. Fred E. Moore. I first became aware of this case when I 3 attended the preliminary hearing to decide temporary custody of the > collection in question with Carla Burnside, a federal archaeologist who was called as an expert witness on behalf of the Burns Paiute Tribe. At the time I was doing an internship with Burnside. I soon realized that the cultural work going on inside and outside the courtroom illustrates the appropriation of the authority to define what is sacred and pro3 177 tected by law, and shows how sacred Indian artifacts are used as valuable commodities at the same time that Indians are devalued and treated with disrespect, revealing the racism embedded in the widespread public acceptance of collecting. The practice and justification of artifact collecting work to place Indians conveniently in the past, and nonIndians conveniently in possession of the Indians' past as well as their


and give rise to, cells which are more or less removed from their normal places. Thus polar bodies and ectoderm cells may be caused to form at the vegetative pole or at any other point on the surface of the egg instead of at the animal pole; nevertheless the protoplasmic portions of the yolk-containing cells return to the animal pole when centrifuging ceases unless otherwise prevented. In some instances in which centrifuging took place in the two cell stage the normal positions of protoplasm and yolk are regained in one of the cells but not in the other. All such cases indicate that it is difficult but not absolutely impossible to change the polarity of eggs and cleavage cells, and that the persistence of polarity in centrifuged eggs and the restoration of dislocated parts to their normal positions is connected with a somewhat resistent framework of protoplasmic strands which preserve the relative positions of nucleus and centrosphere in the cell axis.


Rice consumption is a major dietary source of Cd and poses a potential threat to human health. The aims of this study were to examine the influence of Fe and Cd application on yield and yield components, dynamics of Cd in pore water, translocation factors, daily dietary intake, and estimation of human health risks. A pot experiment was performed under glasshouse conditions where rice cultivars (Langi and Quest) were cultivated in two dissimilar soils under different levels of Cd (0, 1.0, and 3.0 mg kg−1) and Fe (0, 1.0, and 2.0 g kg−1). The results showed that variation in two rice cultivars in terms of yield and yield-related components was dose dependent. Cadmium concentration in soil pore water was decreased over time and increased with increasing Cd levels but decreased with Fe application. Translocation factors (TFs) from root to straw (TFroot-straw) or straw to husk (TFstraw-husk) were higher than root to grain (TFroot-grain) or straw to grain (TFstraw-grain). The Quest cultivar had 20% lower Cd than the Langi cultivar. Application of Fe at the rate of 1 and 2 g kg−1 soil reduced Cd by 23 and 46%, respectively. Average daily intake (ADI) of Cd exceeded the permissible limit (5.8 × 10−3 mg −1 kg−1 bw per week) when rice plant subjected 1 and 3 mg kg−1 Cd stress with or without Fe application. Results also indicated that ADI value was lower in the Quest cultivar as compared to the Langi cultivar. Estimation of human health risk revealed that the non-carcinogenic risks (HQ > 1) and carcinogenic risks (CR > 1.0 × 10−4) increased with increasing Cd levels in the soil. The application of Fe decreased the human health risks from rice consumption which is more pronounced in Fe 2.0 than in Fe1.0 treatments. The rice cultivar grown in soil-1 (pH 4.6) showed the highest health risks as compared to soil-2 (pH 6.6) and the Quest cultivar had lower health risks than the Langi cultivar.


Genetic Aspects of Oral Structures, it is apparent that dental genetics has now arrived at a mature age. As Osborne has observed elsewhere, and as Goodman does here, such maturity demands a re-examination of the data we have, with particular attention to methods of analysis and the conclusions reached. Certain studies, previously accomplished and widely quoted, are not in accord with known modes of inheritance, and it is now necessary to ascertain the reasons why. Very likely, future research design will depart greatly from what we have done in the past. One might anticipate more adult comparisons in groups with a low DMF rate. Longitudinal rather than cross-sectional collections should maximize sibling pairs. Specific hypotheses to be tested may demand heterogamous matings, three-generational comparisons, or the progeny of multiple matings all to the advantage of the dental genetics of today.


The purpose of this essay is to conduct a character analysis on Eugene Achike from Chimamana Ngozi Adichie's novel Purple Hibiscus, to see whether or not the character is used by Adichie as a portr ...


This article is an excerpt of the final work to qualify for the Masters degree in systems engineering and computing at the national university, which seeks to publicize the outline of a methodological approach and design a system of indicators for the assessment of blearning and its impact on teaching/learning and vocational high school students average, taking as a case study Institucion Educativa Técnico Upar in the city of Valledupar, Colombia. The main results of this research are focused on the outline of the proposed methodology and the system of indicators proposed, in which the system is classified into 4 dimensions, 11 aspects, 21 variables and 86 indicators, consisting of categories of student measurement, subject, and teaching, where units of assessment for each indicator were taken as a basis for the formulation of the questions in the data collection instrument. For its part, the student category was proposed with one (18%) of the variables and one (82%) of the indicators, the category subject for one (22%) of variables and one (78%) of indicators and finally the teaching category for (21%) and variable (79%) of indicators. Palabras Clave: Criterios, variables, Indicadores, evaluación, sistemas de medición, b-learning, sociedad de la información.


This articles examines the crimes and penalties in the modern Ottoman schools. Relying on the Ottoman archival sources, the article reveals that the Ottoman administrators developed practical and pragmatic solutions for any kind of misconduct regardless of its culprits.


One publicly criticized the "great leader" Mao Zedong to his face and survived. The other merely suggested that "the relations between the party and the masses have not been good"—and was dismissed from all posts and years later summarily hounded to death. One provoked outrage among his peers who "called for head" after he declared that Mao lacked "magnanimity," but he outlived the chairman by more than a decade. The other was willing to give the "new China" a chance and served as an editor of one of the country's leading newspapers only to be ultimately denounced by his own estranged son. One had had a history of "cordial relations" with Mao that in the end probably saved his skin. The other lacked a high-level protector and paid with his life because of his unwillingness to hobnob and his own intemperate insistence on maintaining an independent political stance and state of mind.


The metallic catalyst-dominated alternating copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides has flourished for 50 years, however, the involved multistep preparation of the catalysts and the necessary to remove the colored metal residue in the final product present significant challenges in scalability. Herein, we report a series of highly active metal-free catalysts featured with an electrophilic boron center and a nucleophilic quaternary ammonium halide in one molecule for copolymerization of epoxides and CO2. The organocatalysts are easily scaled up to kilogram scale with nearly quantitative yield via two steps using commercially available stocks. The organocatalyst-mediated copolymerization of cyclohexane oxide and CO2 displays high activity (turnover frequency up to 4,900 h-1) and > 99% polycarbonate selectivity in a broad temperature range (25 ~ 150 oC) at mild CO2 pressure (15 bar). At a feed ratio of cyclohexane oxide/catalyst = 20,000/1, an efficiency of 5.0 kg product/g catalyst was achieved, which is the highest record achieved to date. The unprecedented activity toward CO2/epoxides copolymerization for our catalyst is a consequence of an intramolecular synergistic effect between the electrophilic boron center and the quaternary ammonium salt, which was experimentally ascertained by reaction kinetics studies, multiple control experiments, 11B NMR investigation, and the crystal structure of catalyst. Density functional theory calculations further corroborated experimental conclusion and provided deeper understanding on the catalysis process. The metal-free characteristic, scalable preparation, outstanding catalytic performances along with long-term thermostability demonstrates the catalyst could be a promising candidate for large-scale production of CO2-based polymer.


The utility model provides a grounded shield used in the PVD room. The grounded shield consists of an approximately cylindrical main body that is provided with an external wall, an upper internal wall and a lower internal wall. (the diameter of the lower internal wall is less than taht of the upper internal wall) and reentrant angle characteristic which is connected with the upper internal wall and the lower internal wall. The reentrant angle characteristic advantageously prevents forming of the electric arc between the shield and the target, which makes the operation of the room component in the long ruuning life have stronger coherence and repeatability.


We focus on the mitigation process of absolute and differential charging of spacecraft in the polar environment by plasma release from the spacecraft surface. In the presence of aurora electron beam, the absolute charging of spacecraft sometimes becomes the order of KeV at the worst case and the differential charging between the conducting surface of the spacecraft and the dielectric material on the solar panel can become several hundred volts. To avoid the discharge due to the differential charging at the solar panel, plasma release from a plasma contactor onboard the spacecraft is proposed as one of the effective methods. In the current study, we performed three‐dimensional Particle‐In‐Cell simulations to examine the situation of spacecraft charging and its mitigation process by plasma release from the spacecraft surface. To mitigate the absolute charging, we showed the electron release is effective. The released electrons are accelerated away from the spacecraft by the intense electric field induced in...


5055Background: In patients (pts) with advanced seminoma, efforts are underway to tailor a risk-adapted treatment strategy to the individual pt. Our main objective was to prospectively determine th...


──The essential components and control structures of modern adaptive finite element methods, for analysis and simulation in electromagnetic applications, are presented and discussed. Whilst the development is intended to survey the full range of techniques, this contribution is focused mainly on fully combined hp formulations, designed for parallel and distributed computational environments. In addition to this theoretical presentation and evaluation, a range of implementations and computed results are reported, to demonstrate the advantages and drawbacks of the more promising approaches. These selected overview topics are organized and presented, primarily, to address, inform and educate the non-specialist. Index Terms ── Finite element methods, adaptive systems, error analysis, parallel processing, electromagnetic analysis.


The corrosion of nature gas heaters is a common phenomenon.In this paper,causes of the corrosion were analyzed.The countermeasure through the combination of monitoring and control was put forward.At last,some common anticorrosion technologies were introduced,such as adding the inhibitor,using corrosion-resistant materials,using interface coating,electrochemical anti-corrosion,and so on.


Objective To study the changing characteristics of the disease variety and diagnostic methods for cardiac disease patients in hospital,and to present countermeasures of nursing care.Methods Taking 4 years as a time zone,to retrospectively study the files of 3 731 patients for recent ten years and to compare the changing characteristics of the disease variety and diagnostic methods.Results Number of cardiac disease patients grew up year by year,the disease variety and diagnostic methods for cardiac disease patients took place significant changes.Conclusion Paying emphasis to disease variety and diagnostic methods for cardiac disease patients and studying new technology,technical know-how and new method,thus improving nursing level,trying to be suitable for the changes.


The off-court law conciliation is the alternate dispute resolution mechanism most implemented in Colombia, however, it is necessary to reformulate the way conciliators currently manage this tool in certain areas of law such as civil, commercial, and family law. To prove this, we will take some approaches drawn from mediation and we will identify those elements that can help to strengthen the off-court conciliation. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that the implementation of transformative mediation can improve the relationship between the parties in a situation of conflict, achieving in each of them an inner transformation that will lead to a more humane and therefore, more tolerant society.


In the title complex, [Cu(C28H18N2O2)], the CuII atom is coordinated by two N [Cu—N = 1.913 (4) and 1.919 (4) A] and two O [Cu—O = 1.872 (3) and 1.880 (3) A] atoms from the o-phenylenebis(naphthalideneamine) ligand in a distorted square-planar geometry. Molecules related by centres of symmetry separated by a b/2 translation form stacks along the b axis with shortest C⋯C distances of 3.284 (8) and 3.298 (7) A. In these stacks, short Cu⋯Cu distances of 3.446 (3) A are also observed in alternating pairs of molecules.


The changing urographic appearance of the kidney parenchyma in a survivor of renal papillary necrosis of newborn is presented.The roentgen appearance of the late sequelae of the disease may cause diagnostic problems to the radiologist.In a patient with known history of perinatal hypoxia and/or acute renal shut-down, renal papillary necrosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic renal parenchymal changes.It seems to us that documentation of roentgenologically recognizable sequelae should lead to more accurate diagnosis of renal parenchymal damage in childhood.


In this paper new possibilities for the evaluation of flocculation behaviour as well as a function of the fibre suspension flow-dynamic state, a function of the morphological fibre parameters of a function of the fibre suspension electro-cinetical state will be suggested. Starting from the up-to-date knowledge, mutual relations between fibre state and flocculation behaviour will be investigated. The fibre state will be described by granulometrical data (fibre length, mass-specific surface area) and by electro-cinetical data. For this purpose videography by means of transmitted light, followed by digital processing of the flow videos, slow-motion videos and Laser-Doppler-Anemometry


hemodynamic parameters. Swan‐Ganz catheter was inserted through the right internal jugular vein till the length of 48 cm as the position of distal end of the catheter was confirmed in PA by an arterial waveform. Catheter was attached to calibrated continuous cardiac output monitor (Vigilance). The catheter was further tried to progress to obtain pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, however, further advancement was stopped considering the appearance of episodes of ventricular tachycardia. The monitor displayed cardiac index in the range 6–7 L/min/m2. The patient's temperature was in the range of 35.8–36.7°C. Such supranormal cardiac index raised the suspicion of dehiscence of patch closing the ventricular septal defect. Transesophageal echocardiography examination was performed and it revealed no shunting of blood across the closed ventricular septal defect [Video 2]. However, U‐shape course of PA catheter from PA to the right ventricle was observed [Figures 2, 3 and Video 3].


Study of a physical test method to identify the type and quality of edible oils. By observing the period variation law of oscillator oscillation in liquids with different viscosity coefficients, we study the force analysis and the small variation and law of oscillation period of oscillating oscillator in corresponding different oil liquids. The experimental results show that the physical properties of the viscosity coefficient of the oil and the motion of the oscillation period of the oscillator in the oil have a corresponding pattern. Thus, the observation of the oscillation period of the oscillator can be used as a physical test method to identify the edible oil type.


The validity of the Italian version of the 28-items Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ) was examined. A sample of 472 senior high school students between 18 and 20 years of age were used for this purpose. Reliability and validity were investigated by means of Cronbach's alpha, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. The results supported the construct validity of the five factors of the scale, which yielded acceptable psychometric properties. The findings conclude that the READ is a valid measure assessing relevant resilience factors, thereby serving as a valuable tool in resilience and risk-factor research in adolescence.


If air sampling data are to have true significance, it is imperative that these data be related to emissions from sources which produce the pollutants. Data from sources are correlated with air sampling data to permit: (1) year-to-year comparisons of pollution levels; (2) a perpetual index of concentrations as a check against excessive emissions of a specific pollutant or group of pollutants; (3) a gage of progress in pollution reductions as controls are invoked; (4) understanding of the meteorological factors which influence the dispersion of pollutants from source areas; (5) detection of pollutants with atmospheric concentrations greater than their sources account for, indicating the influence of other mechanisms; and (6) a guide to the planning of future control measures. Aerosols must be evaluated in terms of their ability to reduce visibility. This can be determined by means of a relative pollution index for each material which is based upon the radius of the aerosol particle involved, its index of refraction, and the quantity. An example is cited whereby correlated studies of source and air samples reflect technological changes which alter pollution levels and delimit major smog-contributing sources that must be investigated for ultimate means of control. 17 references, 10 tables.


This document comprises both the final report for this project as well as the user's manual for the MGP Site Remediation Database. The database provides information about contractors working in environmental services. The data in the database were secured directly from each contractor by questionnaire. The database contains such information as EPA districts in which the organization works, qualifications, expertise, references, etc. The report describes the steps taken in constructing the database. 1 fig.


are one of hottest trends in consumer electronics. According to the Federal Communications Commission, their use has increased 700 percent over the past four years. And it's no surprise why. Combining the functions of a personal computer (PC), mobile phone, personal media player and recorder in a single device, consumers are using them to organize data, manage e-mail, access the Internet, listen to music, play games, take and view still photos and videos, handle voice calls, and even navigate their way around. All of this is placing greater demands on the smartphone hardware, which is being asked to deliver ever increasing performance while at the same time keeping power consumption to a minimum, even as consumers expect longer battery life from their devices. These demands will only increase as the industry moves from current 3G to 4G networks. With faster data rates, and with mobile data projected to increase at a rate of 130 percent annually, consumers will migrate to using their smartphones for more media-rich applications. As consumers spend more time using their devices as multimedia platforms, they will expect higher-quality audio and video performance as well as a battery life that accommodates these longer use times.


This work describes how to use reactionless motion control with a free-floating space robot, suggesting thereby some tasks of practical importance. We show that the reactionless motion capability is directly affected by the kinematic structure of the manipulator, depending thereby upon the existence of kinematic redundancy, a typical lower/upper arm subchain and joint offsets. We investigate a seven-DoF redundant manipulator comprising these features and show that approximate reactionless motions can be obtained with the elbow joint only and/or the wrist joints. Using these reactionless motions, we propose three practical maneuvers for eye-in-hand type inspection, arm deploying/stowing and point-to-point motions with partial reactionless motion. Feasibility is verified via numerical simulations.


Background— The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a right video-assisted approach for atrioventricular valve disease after previous cardiac surgery. Methods and Results— Between December 1st 1997 and May 1st 2006, 80 adults (mean age 65±12 years; 56% female) underwent reoperative surgery using a video-assisted approach without rib spreading. Previous cardiac operations included mitral valve (39%), CABG (29%), congenital (10%), and other (23%). For 25% of patients, this was at least their third cardiac operation. Mean time to redo surgery was 15±12 years. Femoral vessel cannulation and endoaortic clamping were routinely used. Mean preoperative Euroscore was 9.0±2.7 (5 to 20) and predicted mortality was 16.0±14.2% (4 to 86). Median preoperative NYHA class was II and mean follow-up was 25±22 months. Lung adhesions necessitated sternotomy in 4 cases and cannulation problems in another patient. Total operative mortality was 3.8% (n=3), O/E for mortality being 0.24. Procedures were mitral valve repair (45%; n=36), replacement (50%; n=40) and tricuspid valve replacement (5%; n=4). Additional procedures were performed in 44% (n=35). Mean aortic crossclamp and procedure time were 92±37 and 267±64 minutes. Mean postoperative blood loss was 815±1083 mL. Postoperative morbidity included 2 strokes (2.5%). Mean hospital stay was 10.7±6.7 days. Survival at 1 and 4 years was 93.6±2.8% and 85.6±6.4%. There was 1 late reoperation at 5 years. Median NYHA class at follow-up was II. When comparing, all but 1 patient (98.8%) preferred their minimally invasive approach when considering perioperative pain, postoperative rehabilitation, and final esthetic result. Conclusions— Video-assisted minimal access correction of atrioventricular valve disease after previous cardiac surgery is not only feasible but had lower than predicted mortality and strong patient satisfaction. It should therefore be used more frequently in today's practice.


Diffuse pulmonary deposition of [99mTc]methylene diphosphonate (MDP) as well as abnormalities characteristic of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy have been observed in a patient with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). The findings of the bone scan together with those in the corresponding scintigraphy, and roentgenograms of the chest and skeletal structures are presented. Parallel reversal of [67Ga]citrate and [99mTc]MDP pulmonary uptake with specific treatment for and clinical resolution of PCP implies a causal relationship.


Abstract The cycling of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the Great Ouse estuary, Norfolk, U.K. was studied over a 50-day period in the early summer of 1994. The cycling of nutrients within the estuary and the export of nutrients to the surrounding coastal waters is quantified using mass balancing and conservative mixing considerations. Overall, the estuary was a minor sink for nitrate+nitrite (8%), a modest sink for silicate and phosphate (12 and 22%, respectively), a large source of ammonium (95%), and, overall, a small sink for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (2%). Water-column processes account well for the observed silicon and phosphorus removals; however, sedimentary processes are required to account for most of the ammonium source and some of the nitrate sink. The most significant water-column processes were primary production and nutrient regeneration from particulate material. The former process appears to be driven mainly by nitrogen imported directly at the head of the estuary, not recycled nitrogen. Regenerative processes returned approximately half of the silicate assimilated in primary production to the water column, and reduced the inferred respiratory releases of nitrogen and phosphorus by 40 and 60%, respectively. The two approaches to quantifying export, mass balancing and conservative mixing considerations, complement each other well, with the mixing analysis suggesting magnitudes and locations for nutrient-cycling processes not quantified by the mass-balance model.


Knowledge transfer is one of knowledge management. Knowledge transfer based on local wisdom is very helpful in learning methods in schools and universities, especially at the outermost district in Indonesia. This study is research in one school that located in Bengkayang which is one of the districts the outermost in Indonesia that the student has behind from academic, computer ability, Indonesian language, English language, etc. Therefore this study aims to show the importance of knowledge transfer based on local wisdom in learning in this school. The aim of this research is to show that knowledge transfer based on local wisdom is very helpful in learning method especially at district Bengkayang, one of the outermost district in Indonesia.


This paper addresses an incremental learning problem, in which tasks are learned sequentially without access to the previously trained dataset. Catastrophic forgetting is a significant bottleneck to incremental learning as the network performs poorly on previous tasks when it is trained on a new task. We propose an adaptive model search method that uses a different part of the backbone network depending on an input image to mitigate catastrophic forgetting. Our model search method prevents forgetting by minimizing the update of critical parameters for the previous tasks while learning a new task. This model search involves a trainable network that selects the model structure for an input image. We also propose a method for approximating the loss function of previous tasks without the previous dataset. The critical parameters for the previous tasks can be found, considering the relationship between the approximated loss function and the parameters. The proposed framework is the first method of model search that can consider the performance of both current and previous tasks in the incremental learning problem. Empirical studies and theoretical analysis show that the proposed method outperforms other competitors for old and new tasks while requiring less computation.


Quantum teleportation requires the transmission of entangled pairs to Alice and Bob. Transmission errors modify the entangled state before the teleportation can be performed. We determine the changes in the output state caused by such transmission errors. It is shown that the errors caused by entanglement transmission are equivalent to the errors caused in a direct transmission of a quantum state from Alice to Bob.


tion of the quantitative iole of azotobacter in the nitrogen economy of the soil, especially in the light of the low counts that are found in normal upland soils. (3) It may be an aid in the forthcoming revision of the species designations in this genus. (4) It may explain the sequence of bizarre forms which has been reported. (5) It should be a useful tool in securing cell-free enzyme preparations in an organism that has an unusually effective nitrogen fixing system. (6) The phage appears to differ from phages previously reported.


A lead-tin-bismuth alloy is disposed within a solenoidal electric field lamp to control the mercury vapor pressure. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the alloy is placed within the tip-off region of the lamp envelope. The alloy is fixed within the tip-off region by a means of wetting the alloy to a metal wire structure such as a helix or a cylindrical screen. Alternatively, the alloy may be placed on an interior surface of the envelope by first wetting the glass with a layer of indium. Additionally, methods for wetting the lead-tin-bismuth alloy to the metal wire include firing the alloy in contact with the wire in a hydrogen atmosphere at a sufficiently high temperature to wet the alloy to the wire. The present invention permits the control of mercury vapor pressure in solenoidal electric field discharge lamps.


A detailed nondestructive analytical method for quantitative food analysis was established by using a self-fabricated NIR-LED light source combined with Mg3Ga2GeO8 (MGGO) phosphor and a blue LED ch...