【Abstract】 Managing a brand image is a fundamental marketing activity. The marketers have maintained and managed a brand image for a long time. But these days, there are so many marketing methods that the marketers are confused. This study on brand image strategies brings us the key to solve this issue. At first, this article looks through the issue from the view of "brand image management" concept and shows the point of this study. After that, this article focuses on the study of consumption values. It brings us the key of brand image strategies. Then this article organizes brand concepts from consumption values and shows seven types of brand image strategies. These are "high-quality image", "low-price image", "high-status image", "mass image", "emotional image", "innovative and variety image" and "contribution to society image" strategies. Finally, the author reveals the present significance and limitations of this study and discusses the implications for further study.


Habitual aerobic exercise decreases arterial stiffness, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and increases aerobic exercise capacity. Exercise habits can be difficult to maintain over time. We sought to determine if the prospect of participating in a sports tourism event (mountain climbing) helped older adults maintain increased aerobic exercise capacity and decreased arterial stiffness after a supervised training program. Forty community-dwelling middle-aged and older individuals were divided into training (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The training group participated in six weeks of face-to-face exercise intervention (walking, 60%–75% of age-predicted maximal heart rate, 35–50 min/day, 1 day/week) and was additionally offered home-based walking (45 min/day, 2–4 days/week). During the same period, the control group was asked not to change their lifestyle. In the last session of the exercise program, we announced a mountain climbing event planned for six months in the future. The participants were encouraged to maintain their exercise habits leading up to the event. Arterial stiffness (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity) and maximal oxygen uptake were measured before and after the six-week intervention and two weeks before the mountain climbing event. In the training group, arterial stiffness decreased, and maximal oxygen uptake increased after the intervention; these improvements were successfully maintained until the mountain climbing event. These parameters did not change significantly in the control group. Sports tourism may motivate older adults to maintain their exercise habits after a supervised training program. Jpn J Phys Fitness Sports Med, 70(5): 337-345 (2021)


Bacteria are an important source of natural products; however, only 1% of all bacterial species have been cultivated through the use of standard laboratory methods. To isolate new bacteria and potentially discover untapped resources of natural products, new isolation methods are required. The Kerr lab modified one such device, the isolation chip (ichip), for use in marine sponges. A representative sample of microbes isolated from marine sponges using the Kerr lab's ichip was fermented in various media to induce natural product biosynthesis. This resulted in the production of four putatively novel metabolites. One of these metabolites, referred to as metabolite 1, was confirmed to be a new amino acid, and seemed to have selective activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Based on full 16S rRNA gene sequencing, it appears that the strain RKMC9, the bacterium responsible for the production of metabolite 1, is a novel species of the genus Alteromonas. Preliminary field research revealed that, to use the isolation chip efficiently, it is necessary to quantify the bacterial densities of the environmental samples. In the laboratory, this can be achieved via fluorescence microscopy; however, this technique is generally not applicable to field studies. Alternatively, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be used as a measure of numbers of living cells. Due to the availability of relatively low-cost portable luminometers and the commercial availability of ATP test kits, this approach is an appealing method for estimating bacterial abundance for ichip studies conducted in the field. In this project, the Hyigena EnSURE luminometers system was evaluated and preliminary data suggest that the luminometer provides linear readings for pure ATP, DAPI stained E. coli cells, as well as for viable cell counts.


Objective In order to rehabilitate patients with bilateral vocal cord paralysis, we develop a stimulus delivery system for the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle a respiratory frequency regulation laryngeal pacing, to reconstruct the physiological function of the paralysed larynx Methods After left recurrent laryngeal nerve of the six cats were cut,the stimulated electrode was inserted the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle Laryngeal muscles were stimulated at 0,1,2,4,8 and 12 weeks intervals A effective stimulus paradigm in denervated muscle was a 2 millisecond duration pulse, delivered at tetanizing frequency of 30 Hz and an amplitude of 0-8 mA Vocal cord activity with direct laryngoscope was observed at 12 weeks postoperation Results Functional electrical stimulation paced vocal cord abduction in synchrony with inspiration was successfully demonstrated Direct laryngoscope examination of the vocal cords 12 weeks after section confirmed glottis area increase in the stimulus duration The stimulus parameters were identified appropriate Conclusion Laryngeal pacing with stimulation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, paced in synchrony with the inspiratory phase of respiration, restores glottal opening and allows ventilation This is a new technique


Despite overall improvements in cardiovascular‐disease therapies and outcomes, medication nonadherence remains an important barrier to effective secondary prevention of atherothrombotic disease.


In this paper a planar yagi antenna with beam-steering capability for high gain application is presented. A key performance highlight of the antenna is its ability to beam steer through 120° in the azimuth plane without using any phase shifters. The beam steering technique is demonstrated by using an antenna structure consisting of a printed half-wavelength driven element, a ground plane as a reflector, three directors and finally a rectangular grid of parasitic pixels placed directly in front of the directors and in the same layer. The adjacent pixels can be connected/disconnected by means of switching resulting in reconfigurability in beam-direction. The proposed antenna is capable to steer the end-fire beam radiation from −60° to +60°, in xy-plane (θ=90°). The bandwidth of the proposed antenna is approximately 200 MHz (8.2%) around the center frequency of 2.45 GHz with measured peak gains of 7.8–9.8 dBi. The designed antenna has been fabricated and measured to validate the results obtained by the theoretical analyses, genetic optimizations and simulations. Both simulation and experimental results has been provided.


The former Director General of Fair Trading in Britain, interviewed by Jack Mahoney, reflects on the place of ethics in competition at national, European and global levels.


Objective To investigate the misdiagnostic causes for lung carcinoma in middle-age and young patients.Methods The patients in the study included 17 men and 5 women, with ages ranging from 20 to 50 years old. Chest X-radiography and CT scans were performed in all patients.Their pathologic findings were lung carcinoma.Results Misdiagnoses as pulmonary tuberculosis were mad in 14 cases, pneumonia in 4 cases, and other diseases in 4 cases.The lesions on X-radiography and CT films appeared as pulmonary segmental and lobar shadows in 13 cases, nodules and masses in 5 cases, pleural effusion in 2 cases,and diffuse small nodules type in 2 cases.Conclusion Atypical manifestation, unsufficient recongization of clinical and imaging characteristics and imcompletely image examination were the man course for misdiagnosis in middle-age and young patients with lung carcinoma.


Three zones, each with a different structural style, have been recognized in the altiplano of the Andes in southern Peru. The western and eastern zones are characterized by folds, the central zone by the chaotic juxtaposition of blocks up to 500 m long (Titicaca melange). Previous authors supposed that the chaotic structure had been caused by folding and overthrusting, but more probably the chaos is the result of subaerial sliding. The melange is thus not of tectonic, but of sedimentary origin, and is hence an olistostrome. Large olistostromes, such as the Titicaca melange, indicate sedimentary-tectonic mass transport and are transitional between structures formed by gravity tectonics (tectonic mass transport) and clastic sediments (sedimentary mass transport). The close ssociation of folds, a large olistostrome, and a thick pile of clastic sediments suggests that all three processes have been important in the area near Lago (Lake) Titicaca. The great similarity between the Titicaca olistostrome and the Amargosa chaos in Death Valley, California, supports the landslide explanation of this chaos.


AbstractIn the context of current trends in early language education, writing has now become an important part of first-grade language instruction. This study examined the value of two different sets of variables as predictors of first-grade writing achievement. One set, consisting of six variables measuring cognitive development, was found not to predict writing achievement. The second set, consisting of the seven subtests of the Canadian Readiness Test, was found to be a significant predictor. A secondary task of the study was to identify an efficient and valid measure for first-grade writing achievement.


A 24-year-old male with Down Syndrome (DS) presented with 1-day duration of right upper quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting. He was timely diagnosed with acalculous cholecystitis and treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. His immediate postoperative period was complicated by acute onset bilateral pulmonary edema and subsequent respiratory failure which triggered a type II myocardial infarction. Patient's course was further complicated with acute metabolic acidosis and acute kidney injury resulting in continuous veno-venous hemodialysis. Family members collectively decided to transition patient to comfort care. Over the next few hours the patient expired from cardiogenic shock as no further vasopressor support was administered. Discussions: It is well known that patients with DS rarely suffer from coronary artery disease. In this case, we believe the patient's residual right ventricular dysfunction from a previous significant ventricular septal defect partially contributed to the patient's decline. Furthermore, findings in previous reports describe general anesthesia and sevoflurate's role in possibly inducing cardiac arrest due to autonomic dysfunction. Due to low cardiopulmonary reserves, DS patients are at higher risk of complications than the normal patient population. Considering many patients with DS either have existing or repaired structural anomaly, perioperative assessment and vigilant monitoring may help reduce cardiopulmonary complications in DS patients.


Introduction Pediatric bronchial asthma has been clinically recognized as a heterogeneous disease for decades, including descriptions of patients with allergyassociated disease, viral induced asthma and exercise-induced asthma. Despite this recognition, treatment approaches were similar, involving the use of nonspecific agents, such as inhaled corticosteroids (CS) and beta 2agonists. These drugs, which were generally effective in the majority of asthmatic children, also failed in many. In each case, the molecular underpinnings of the heterogeneity or the varied responses to treatment were unknown. In the middle of the 20th century, a significant increase in the prevalence of bronchial asthma (BA) was reported worldwide. This rise particularly referred to BA of pediatric onset; therefore asthma became one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases in pediatrics. BA is described as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways with inflammatory symptoms causing a variable degree of airflow limitation and is accompanied by an increased sensitivity to multiple pharmacological and nonpharmacological stimuli. The bronchial obstruction seen is often reversible, either spontaneously or with treatment. BA is considered a complex disorder based on a multifactorial interaction of genetic predisposition and diverse environmental influences.


Nowadays, neural networks play a key role in many electronic applications. Software implementations are the most used ones because they require a great amount of resources. With the increasing power and capabilities of current FPGAs it is obvious that they can be translated into hardware to increase their speed and usefulness. This paper presents a hardware implementation of a particular neural network, the General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) using floating point arithmetics. This network is mainly used for function approximation. This paper also presents how to translate a GRNN from Matlab to the hardware implementation.


The managers are the mainstay of large-scale gymnasiums operation,playing a managing role in connection.They make their own decisions to handle specific affairs of gymnasiums operation in the areas of responsibility,so they both have executive and decision maker double identity.Through literature study,expert interview,questionnaire and other research methods,combined with quantitative and qualitative research,this paper studies the content and hierarchical structure of executive power of gymnasiums managers.The paper suggests that the inner structure of managers' executive power is consisted of five factors,namely,combined operation and goal driving force,efficacy of controlling the execution,team building and coordination strength,consciousness ability of service relationship,forward-looking force.This inner construct can reflect systematic behavior characteristics of managers' executive power.The paper also develops assessment tool about large-scale gymnasiums managers' executive power.This questionnaire will promote gymnasiums scientific estimating system research in China.


 Change in choroidal structure has been shown to be correlated with several chorioretinal diseases1, 2  EDI OCT allows us to study the choroid and enables us to measure the thickness of choroid3 Manual annotation is the mainstay for choroidal thickness measurement which is laborious and subject to human error  There is a high demand for developing a technique for automated choroidal segmentation Purpose


It is widely acknowledged that context greatly influences leaders' behavior and effectiveness. Scholars, over the years, have documented various elements of information systems leadership and incorporated some contextual elements in their research. Since both information systems leadership and organizational contexts have evolved during the past few decades, it is important to examine how scholars incorporate context in their research. Through a systematic review of literature, we examine the nature and extent of attention to organizational context as factors influencing information systems leadership. Our findings indicate that the type of industry or firm and organizational size are the most common contextual elements studied, leaving behind crucial elements such as culture, demographics, modes of governance and duration of leadership, among others. Seven major contextual components are used to guide the categorization of the reviewed articles. Suggestions are offered for improving our understanding of the interaction between information systems leadership and organizational context.


Two fish species, one top predator (Imparfinis mirini) and one intermediate detritivorous species (Hisonotus depressicauda), were experimentally manipulated to evaluate their relative importance in structuring the periphytic community, as well as their effects on the other trophic levels. An enclosure experiment was conducted in the Potreirinho creek, a second order tributary of Paranapanema River, SE Brazil. Five treatments were used: enclosure of the predator species, enclosure of the detritivorous species, enclosure of both together, exclusion of all fish species (closed control cage), and cage open to all fish community (open control). Through direct and indirect effects, I. mirini, when alone, gave rise to a trophic cascade that resulted in a positive effect on algal resources. Through direct effects, H. depressicauda, when alone, reduced the amount of organic matter, resulting in a positive indirect effect on algae. In addition, when the two species were enclosed together, only the effects determined by the detritivorous species were present. The results indicate the important role of the intermediate detritivorous species in the maintenance of the composition and trophic structure of the analyzed community by reducing the effects caused by the top predator.


Property Location \nLocated in Bangkok, 14 Mansion is close to The Mall Tha Phra and Asiatique the River Front. This hotel is within the vicinity of Wat Arun and Wat Pho.\n\nRooms \nMake yourself at home in one of the air-conditioned rooms featuring refrigerators..


Jin-Taur Shih and Ching-Fong Liao (1998) Conversion of cholesterol to sex steroid-like substances by tissues of Mictyris brevidactylus in vitro. Zoological Studies 37(2): 102-110. This study aimed to determine whether the ovary or hepatopancreas of the soldier crab Mictyris brevidactylus can synthesize sex steroid-like substances. Tritium-labeled cholesterol was used as a precursor for steroid synthesis and was added to the culture medium in which tissues were incubated in vitro. Steroid extracts prepared from ovaries, hepatopancreases, and their incubation media were analyzed by HPLC. We had the following results. 1) Ovary and hepatopancreas took up tritium-labeled cholesterol at different rates and these rates leveled off during incubation. 2) By HPLC analysis, we detected tritium-labeled radioactivities in fractions which might represent newly synthesized steroid-like substances (17-α-hydroxypregnenolone, progesterone, and pregnenolone). 3) Little or no tritium-labeled steroid-like substance was detected in tissues taken from crabs during prereproductive and reproductive seasons (egg-carrying).


The PCR primers were designed based on the endo-1,4-β-xylanase gene of the Thermopolyspora flexuosa was PCR amplified using designed primer. The amplified product was then digested and ligated into plasmid pHT43. After transformation of Escherichia coli DH5α,the positive clones were selected and the correct plasmids were largely extracted and transformed into Bacillus subtilis WB800N,the expression was induced by 1mM IPTG. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of the extracellular supernatant showed that the targeted protein was successfully expressed. The apparent molecular weight of the endo-1,4-β-xylanase is 27 kD. The optimal reaction temperature is 80 ℃,whereas the optimal pH is 6. Hence,an engineered B. subtilis strain which could secrete endo-1,4-β-xylanase was successfully constructed.


To the Editor .—

As an epidemiologist who studies attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), I read with great interest the recent report by Chervin et al1 on the association between symptoms of ADHD and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). I am concerned, however, that their conclusions are preliminary and that the statistical analysis is potentially misleading.

In particular, the conclusion that from 15% to 39% of ADHD cases may be attributable to SDB cannot be justified at this time. This statistic, the population attributable risk percent, describes the proportion of cases in a population comprised of exposed and nonexposed individuals that is caused by the exposure of interest. As the authors point out, this requires that a causal link be established between exposure and disease. The presentation of this statistic is premature because it has not been established that SDB is causally related to symptoms of ADHD, and questions regarding the validity of the association reported by Chervin et al are raised by methodological limitations.

The authors indicate in the limitations section of their report that the association they found was cross-sectional and did not allow them to demonstrate if SDP preceded the symptoms of ADHD or vice versa. Establishing such a time sequence is a minimal criterion for demonstrating causality. Furthermore, the current state of knowledge regarding sleep problems in ADHD subjects is very sparse and is far from establishing a consistent pattern of results that could reasonably suggest that SDB is causally linked with ADHD or its symptoms. Thus, it was inappropriate to calculate and present the population attributable risk percent because there is no convincing evidence that SBD is causally related to symptoms of …


Lightweight structures are susceptible to vibration due to their reduced mass. However, conventionally used techniques to avoid high vibration amplitudes (such as increasing the mass and/or applying damping mechanisms) are contradictory to the original goal of designing a lightweight structure. An increase of eigenfrequencies above external, exciting frequencies helps to prevent resonance phenomena. Here, we use a combined design and optimisation method to generate irregular lattice structures to investigate their potential of reaching much higher eigenfrequencies than those of regular structures, while retaining low weight and high stiffness. We generate parametric constructions of lattice structures with different degrees of structural irregularities, including regular lattices with constant and functionally graded strut cross-sections, and irregular lattices. Evolutionary strategic optimisation is used to maximise the first eigenfrequency. Geometric restrictions associated with selective laser melting are considered, and three optimised lattice structures are manufactured in selective laser melting using aluminium (AlSi10Mg). Their eigenfrequencies are measured in vibration experiments with a shaking table. Our approach allows the efficient generation of more than 500 lattice structures. The results show


Objective To identify the clinical features of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis(ADEM) in childhood and to improve the skill of diagnosis and therapy.Methods A retrospective and follow-up study was conducted in 12 children with the initial diagnosis of ADEM to summarize the characteristics of clinical features, treatment and prognosis.Results 1. Clinical manifestations:the prodromal infection and vaccination were found in 75 %. The process was monophasic in 83 % and multiphasic in the other 17 % of cases. Various symptoms of central nervous system occurred one by one or simultaneously in the illness process. 2. Laboratory investigations: 18 % of cases had abnormal CSF( pleocytosis and raised protein). Raised intrathecal synthesis of IgG was found in half of the cases. All MRI brain scan demonstrated lesions predominantly affecting white matter . Abnormal EEG was the predominant findings in the electrophysiologic tests. 3. Treatment and prognosis:high dose methylprednisolone was administ in 11 cases. Five cases of them received intravenous immunoglobulin. All the cases showed good response. Eleven cases were taken follow-up from 3 months to 6 years, the final diagnosis turned to multiple sclerosis in 1 case. No recurrence occurred in the other 10 cases. Six cases of them had long-term neurologic sequelae.Conclusions ADEM is a disease with high incidence of disability, which has different features from infectious encephalitis. Early diagnosis and treatment are important. Steroid and high dose immunoglobulin have great effects on it. The relationship between ADEM and multiple sclerosis and how to improve the prognosis needs further investigation.


A portable electrochemical platform that detects methylprednisolone in two switchable modes has been developed. Both selected modes, square wave voltammetry and stochastic, provide qualitative and quantitative analysis of the analyte. Under optimal conditions, the platform recorded the following linear concentration ranges, between 1.00 and 1.00 × 10¬3 µmol L‒1 when using the square wave voltammetry mode, and a much wider range between 1.00 × 10¬‒9 and 1.00 × 10¬4 µmol L‒1 when using the stochastic mode. The limits of quantification recorded were: 1.00 fmol L-1 for the stochastic mode, and 1.00 µmol L-1 for the square wave voltammetry mode. The developed platform was successfully applied for the assay of methylprednisolone in real samples (pharmaceutical dosage form and surface water), when recoveries higher than 90.00% were obtained.


I. Introduction, 299. — II. Changes in employment patterns, 300. — III. Negro population changes in the urban areas, 304. — IV. A model of decentralization of employment and its impact on the urban negro's employment problem, 304. — V. The regression results, 307. — VI. Conclusions and implications, 309.


Different economic crises such as banking, financial, and currency lead to high economic costs and have negative impact to whole society. Development of early warning systems could help in prevention of economic and business crisis, while they present a systematic forecast of unwanted events. Early warning systems are used primary for detecting crises before damage has been made and for reducing false alarms of possible crisis. The aim of our article is to provide bibliometric analysis of early warning system, their development and usage in different environment especially in economic and finance sector. It investigates the role of early warning systems for prediction and recognition of negative events, especially in the area of business, finances, and economy. Moreover, this article contributes to the existing literature by providing systematic analysis of development and usage of early warning systems to predict critical and problematic events for economic and social development.


Interventions for hallucination patients include recognizing hallucinations, and teaching patients to challenge hallucinations. Factors that influence the client's ability to control hallucinations are the client's response attitude towards hallucinations. The generalist interventions of shaming are done with coping strengthening and motivation as a therapy to change maladaptive thoughts and focus the mind. This case report aims to evaluate coping strategies and motivational reinforcement in an intervention to control auditory hallucinations. This paper was written using the case report method of scientific monitoring days in nursing care. A 15-year-old female client was admitted to the psychiatric hospital with complaints of talking to herself and attempted suicide by cutting her wrist veins. The client did not complain of physical problems. Based on the results of the assessment, the client appeared to be daydreaming and talking to herself. Clients are given generalist therapy to block hallucinations to strengthen motivation and coping. Motivational and coping strengthening was carried out by encouraging the client to convince himself that the hallucinations he heard were not real and encouraging the client to change his beliefs and thoughts to something positive such as the client's ability. This intervention focuses the mind to focus on the real thing around the client and convinces the self to ignore the hallucinatory sound by "stopping" following the sound. The results of the intervention on the client after the client's action can do how to rebuke by convincing themselves, managing thoughts about the sounds they hear are not real. The intervention of hallucinatory rebuking with motivational and coping reinforcement can increase the client's belief in unreal hallucinatory sounds, this intervention is performed as an additional intervention strategy of rebuking in clients with auditory hallucination disorder.


A discussion of the institutional aspects of U.S. exchange-market intervention, from the decision to intervene to investment of the proceeds, focusing on the interactions between the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Reserve System.


This paper describes the geometry of concircular curvature tensor in AC-manifolds of class C11. We have calculated its components for the space of the associated G-structure, derivated identities satisfied by the concircular curvature tensor. On the basis of these identities allocated some subclasses of AC-manifolds of class C11 and derivated local characterization of selected classes.


The beta-chains of HLA-D/DR antigens from a lymphoblastoid homozygous cell line (HLA-A3,3;B7,7;-Dw2,2;DR2,2) were purified by an exclusively chemical three step procedure: 1) Nonidet P-40/CM-cellulose ion-exchange-, 2) Na-dodecyl sulfate/sephacryl S-300- and 3) Na-dodecyl sulfate/hydroxylapatite chromatography. The amino acid sequence of the beta chain was established up to position 198. These residues comprise the extra-cellular part of the molecule which consists of two domains each probably containing a disulfide bridge, like immunoglobulin L chains. Within the first domain the carbohydrate moiety is attached to asparagine in position 19. Sequence work was hampered by the fact that the beta chain preparation of the HLA-Dw2,2;DR2,2 antigen actually consists of a pool of beta chains. The beta chain, the sequence of which has now been established, represents about 70% of the beta chain pool. The remaining 30% consist of at least 6 more chains which are homologous among one another as well as to the described beta chain. Since the antigens were gained from a homozygous lymphoblastoid cell-line our results indicate that the HLA-D region codes for at least 7 beta-chains and must therefore consist of a cluster of beta chain genes.


A common prophylaxis against peripheral vascular diseases utilizes pneumatic active compression systems. Although effective, traditional active compression systems require the use of an air compressor and pump and are, therefore, ill-suited for ambulatory use. The current work introduces a novel approach to developing an ambulatory smart material–based active compression system. The actuation system is composed of a belt-like mechanism connected in conjunction with a multi-layered dielectric elastomer actuator. The belt mechanism allows compression to be applied directly with voltage application. By doing so, the proposed design limits the period during which the actuator should be charged and improves system power efficiency and lifetime. An analytical model which defines the pre-compression exerted by the actuation system before voltage application is presented and validated experimentally. Experimental results for the belt mechanism characterization, dielectric elastomer actuator characterization and actuation system testing are presented. Through experimental testing, it is shown that the initial pre-compression can be fine-tuned by varying the parameters of the system as defined in the analytical model, and that the pre-compression has little effect on the consequent actuation output amplitudes.


There's a lot more to creating parks that are clean, green and serene as governments look into each other's backyards for lessons on how to keep community spaces in top shape, Paul Hemsley reports.


The anhydrous electrolytes have become an important part of supercapacitors, which provide temperature‐tolerant applications in various electronic devices. This work reports on the fabrication of a wide‐temperature‐range supercapacitor using 3‐amino‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole (Atri)/1,4‐butanediol diglycidyl ether (BG) and imidazole (Imi)/BG–based electrolytes in active carbon‐based electrodes. The triazole‐terminated BG (BG(Atri)2) and Imi‐terminated BG (BG(Imi)2) were initially synthesized, and then anhydrous electrolytes were produced by doping BG(Atri)2 and BG(Imi)2 with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and ionic liquid (IL) at different molar fractions. The supercapacitors constructed with the anhydrous BG(Atri)2/H3PO4/0.1IL and BG(Imi)2/H3PO4/0.1IL electrolytes provided maximum specific capacitances (Cs) of 114 and 191 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, respectively. The corresponding electrolytes yielded the highest energy densities of 15.8 and 26.7 Wh kg−1 at the power densities of 1150 and 1225 W kg−1, respectively. The Imi‐terminated electrolyte‐based supercapacitor indicated superior performance and efficiency even after 2300 charge‐discharge cycles by holding 20% of its original capacitance. The temperature dependence of the supercapacitors' capacitances was studied, and they increased from 191 to 266 F g−1 for BG(Imi)2/H3PO4/0.1IL and from 114 to 148 F g−1 for BG(Tri)2/H3PO4/0.1IL as the temperature increased from 25°C to 75°C.


BACKGROUND
Prenatal consumption of omega-3 fatty acids can act as an adjuvant in the development of the immune system and affect the inflammatory response of neonates.

METHODS
We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Cuernavaca, Mexico. We randomly assigned 1,094 pregnant women (18-35 years of age) to receive 400 mg/d of algal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or placebo from 18 to 22 weeks of gestation through delivery. Birth outcomes and respiratory symptoms information until 18 months were available for 869 mother-child pairs. Questionnaires were administered, and maternal blood samples were obtained at baseline. Maternal atopy was based on specific IgE levels. During follow-up, information on infants' respiratory symptoms was collected through questionnaires administered at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months of age. Negative binomial regression models were used to evaluate the effect of supplementation on respiratory symptoms in infants.

RESULTS
Among infants of atopic mothers, a statistically significant protective effect of DHA treatment was observed on phlegm with nasal discharge or nasal congestion (0.78; 95% CI, 0.60-1.02) and fever with phlegm and nasal discharge or nasal congestion (0.53; 95% CI, 0.29-0.99), adjusting for potential confounders.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results support the hypothesis that DHA supplementation during pregnancy may decrease the incidence of respiratory symptoms in children with a history of maternal atopy.

TRIAL REGISTRY
ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT00646360; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.


The commonly used inorganic antibacterial agent and organic antibacterial agent, and their types and antibacterial mechanism were introduced.Silver antibacterial cellulose, nano TiO2 antibacterial cellulose,quaternary ammonium antibacterial cellulose,chitosan modified bacterial cellulose and other antimicrobial cellulose and its application in the textile industry,film material and other applications were elaborated.According to the selected type of antibacterial agent,cellulose and cellulose fibers can be modified by chemical or physical method,fluff pulp is fluffed cellulose fibers used in disposable sanitary absorbent mat,and fluff pulp can improve its quality and function by antibacterial modified.Paper introduced the possible antimicrobial agent and methods can be used in the antibacterial modified of fluff pulp fibers,and the potential prospect of antibacterial modified of cellulose fibers in the production and application fluff pulp.Meanwhile the problems and solutions were presented in the production and application of antibacterial cellulose and cellulose fiber.


The article show the lacks on the methodological and theoretical treatment in the training period specifically on the resistance training due to the insufficiency from theory and methodology field; which are carry on during the training period. Key words. Football, Training, methodology, resistance


The rate of dyeing of a poly (ethylene terephthalate) has been characterized as a function (a) of the tension applied before heat setting, (b) of the shrinkage allowed during heat setting, and (c) of the tension applied before dyeing. Very small variations in applied tension lead to very significant differences in rate of dyeing. Furthermore, in order to correlate the dyeing results with changes in the fibre, the structure of the polyfethylene terephthalate fibre was determined as a function of the tension applied before either heat setting or dyeing. The structural parameters studied were crystallinity, crystalline orientation, birefringence, amorphous orientation factor and water swelling at 130dC. The variations in dyeing kinetics may be due to changes of amorphous orientation on the one hand and to changes in tortuosity, size and volume of pores on the other.


To enable computer-aided design (CAD) of power integrated circuits, physical models for lateral high-voltage/power (HV/P) devices, in particular lateral insulated-gate bipolar transistor (LIGBT) structures, are developed and implemented in SPICE. The models are charge-based, and, via regional partitioning, account for the unique features of HV/P devices unaccounted for in conventional equivalent-circuit models. The implementation of the models in the circuit simulator is flexible and allows these features (e.g. multidimensional carrier flow, conductivity modulation, latchup, transcapacitance) to be simulated without having to sacrifice much physics through excessive empiricism. Device measurement of specially designed test structures, supplemented with two-dimensional numerical device simulations, support the modeling methodology and the model parameter extraction. >


The motion of a hydrodynamically damped pendulum is analyzed experimentally and theoretically. The present approach is complementary to the traditional one (based on the analysis of a long sequence of periods) in the sense that the equation of motion is numerically solved within the domain of a single half‐oscillation. This method allows one to obtain information about the influence of an oscillation onto the next one, a memory effect that would be considerably weakened by a multiple‐oscillation analysis.


The article analyzes thevarious methodologicalapproaches to the definitionof social creativityin the humanities,including thepedagogyof social and culturalactivities inthe field of leisure, proposed the definition of social creativityin the broad andnarrow sense, it is shown that the socio-cultural designis an effectiveeducationaltechnologyto optimizesocial creativityof today's collegeyouth.


This volumes examines the interaction of labour market conditions and retirement decisions. Based on French and US data, it provides empirical evidence and quantitative analysis of retirement and labor market flows. It studies the horizon effect and uses French individual data and probit models to show that the horizon effect does matter for the probability of being employed before the early retirement age. It analyses the influence of the retirement age on labour-market equilibrium, as well as the impact of labour market conditions, especially the importance of unemployment risk, on retirement decisions. Contributors to this volume - Patrick Aubert, Conseil d'Orientation des Retraites Hugo Benitez-Silva, SUNY-Stony Brook Yarine Fawaz, CEMFI Ignacio Garcia-Perez, Universidad Pablo de Olavide Jean-Olivier Hairault, University Paris 1 and Paris School of Economics Francois Langot, University of Le Mans and Paris School of Economics Sergi Jimenez-Martin, Universitat Pompeu Fabra


Being situated in the north tropics of Australia is an experience in itself, for someone who has never lived in this environment it is a daunting experience to realise your collection is now growing mould. When the collection is a valuable research collection used by research scientists in their quest for knowledge and understanding of the marine environment, you have to take immediate action. How we combated the invasive intruder is documented here with some basic recommendations and things to be aware of when checking your collection. Beware! It could happen to you.


An affine 2–(q3,q2, q + 1) design is constructed from a Buekenhout‐Metz unital of the affine plane AG(2,q2), with q > 2. It is also shown that such a design is isomorphic to the point‐plane design of the affine space AG(3,q). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 11: 79–88, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10010


The synthesis of the alkaloid cryptopleurine 7b has been accomplished by a sequence involving as a key step the selective Borch reduction of an amidoester 1b to the corresponding aminoester 2b. This route is applicable to the synthesis of derivatives such as 7a.


The Savé Valley Conservancy (SVC) is a large (3442km) cooperatively managed wildlife area, comprising multiple properties held by private ranchers, local councils, government and one community. The conservancy is located in the semi-arid South East Lowveld of Zimbabwe, occurring at an elevation of 480–620m, with deciduous woodland savanna, low and variable rainfall (474–540mm per annum) and poor-quality soils. The conservancy is bordered primarily by high-density communal land (of between 11 and 82 people per km), with some commercial agriculture to the south and east (Pole, 2006).


Structural and magnetic properties of diluted magnetic semiconductor Ge1-xFexTe thin films are investigated. The conventional structure analysis shows c-axis orientation with columnar growth of the films and no indication of Fe clusters or second phase. Magnetic measurements combined with theory models reveal that two ferromagnetic phase transitions occur. We consider that the second ferromagnetic phase transition in high Fe content thin film is from a ferromagnetic phase with long range exchange interaction to a superparamagnetic phase with dipole interaction between Fe clusters, which can be viewed as a signature of spinodal decomposition in Ge1-xFexTe material.


Solid-state electrolytes that are compatible with high-capacity electrodes are expected to enable the next generation of batteries. As a promising example, ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}\mathrm{OHCl}$ was reported to have good ionic conductivity and to be compatible with a lithium metal anode even at temperatures above $100{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\mathrm{C}$. In this work, we explore the fundamental properties of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}\mathrm{OHCl}$ by comparing simulations and experiments. Using calculations based on density functional theory, including both static and dynamic contributions through the quasiharmonic approximation, we model a tetragonal ground state, which is not observed experimentally. An ordered orthorhombic low-temperature phase was also simulated, agreeing with experimental structural analysis of the pristine electrolyte at room temperature. In addition, comparison of the ordered structures with simulations of the disordered cubic phase provide insight into the mechanisms associated with the experimentally observed abrupt increase in ionic conductivity as the system changes from its ordered orthorhombic to its disordered cubic phase. A large Haven ratio for the disordered cubic phase is inferred from the computed tracer diffusion coefficient and measured ionic conductivity, suggesting highly correlated motions of the mobile Li ions in the cubic phase of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}\mathrm{OHCl}$. We find that the OH bond orientations participate in gating the Li ion motions which might partially explain the predicted Li-Li correlations.


This bachelor work deals with general issues related to migration, which still remain, are closer to some problems relating to majority and minority companies, which brings together the immigration countries. In a brief overview of migration is described in Czechoslovakia after World War II migration to the present. Detailed the situation regarding the number of foreigners on the territory of labor states over the past five years, from 2004 to 2008, focusing on the district and the district Semily and Pardubice in a nationwide comparison of numbers of foreigners. The aim of this work is to approach the problems associated with migration and a growing number of foreigners in the labor market in the Czech Republic from 2004 to 2008.


We have developed a simple, two‐dimensional piezoelectric tube device which uses the inertial slider method to achieve remote micropositioning in the vertical and horizontal directions. The motion of the slider car occurs with respect to a quartz rod which is attached to, and accelerated by the piezo tube. The vertical motion, against or with gravity, is achieved by activating the longitudinal mode of the piezo tube. The horizontal motion is a rotation about the quartz rod, achieved by activating the bending mode of the piezo tube. The device is very compact, works at cryogenic temperatures and is ultrahigh vacuum compatible. Step sizes from 10 to 3000 nm and speeds up to 0.2 mm/s are possible. A computer simulation model of the inertial slider process has been developed also, to investigate the effectiveness of various activating waveforms. It confirms the advantage of a cycloidal‐like waveform recently reported in the literature. Also, the model predictions are consistent with the results obtained in th...


Illustrated ammunition fuze with sealing mechanism and double seam process,expounded double seaming of cans first operation seaming curve design.By finite element simulation of the double seam process analysis and comparing of the four curves of seaming process,determined the best seaming curve,and optimized it to obtain good seaming curve.


Abstract This study expects to establish the dimensions and evaluation items regarding standard hotel service quality from the perspectives of industry representatives, scholars and experts, competent authorities, and consumers. Meanwhile, through the actual experience and evaluation of consumers about the service quality of standard hotels, this study conducts analysis with the KD-IPA model to provide the strategy development, continuous improvement and new service development in business management. According to the results of literature review and expert interview, this study establishes the standard hotel service quality model in five dimensions with a total of 38 items. As the KD-IPA analysis results suggest, excellent hotel geographical/environmental location (T5), professionalism of service personnel (A2), availability of barrier free space and baby care toilet (E5), foreign language proficiency of employees (E7), prior consideration of customer interests (E9) and understanding the customer special needs (E11) are "concentrate here" items; unique decoration (T2), good landscape view (T3), hotel marketing (advertising, website…etc) (T11), the sale of goods (souvenir) (T12) and hotel popularity (REL2) can be the source of new development of standard hotel service quality.


The Schrieffer-Wolff transformation of the large-negative-U Hubbard model is performed in detail. Similarities to and differences from the canonical transformation of the large-positive-U Hamiltonian into the t-J model are discussed.


This investigation involved optimisation of a vehicle crash pulse. The objective of the optimisation was to minimise the harm suffered by the vehicle occupant during a full frontal crash. Two different restraint models were used in the analysis – a detailed occupant restraint model was analysed using MADYMO; and a simple analytical occupant restraint model was analysed using MATLAB. Common methodologies were developed to optimise two different crash pulses: 1. Acceleration-time crash pulses – optimised in order to minimise harm for a specific impact speed 2. Acceleration-displacement crash pulses – optimised in order to minimise harm weighted between different impact velocities. The acceleration-time crash pulse methodology was applied to both the MADYMO and MATLAB models. The acceleration-displacement methodology was only applied to the MADYMO model. For each model, three impact velocities were considered - 28, 48 and 56 km/hr. Each optimisation was performed for a fixed crush displacement. All of the optimisation methodologies were successfully executed. It was found that occupant harm (a function of injury criteria, expressed in terms of societal cost) was a minimum for crash pulses which produced square seatbelt loading curves (approximately constant loading with time). The results suggested that minimum occupant harm is achieved by targeting seatbelt loads alone. The acceleration-displacement crash pulse methodology was used to optimise the vehicle for multiple impact velocities of 28, 48 and 56 km/hr. This optimisation investigation significantly improved the occupant injury response for each of these impact velocities. Only acceleration-time crash pulses were optimised using the simple analytical model constructed in MATLAB. Crash pulses were optimised for minimum occupant peak acceleration, for the same range of velocities as the MADYMO model. For each velocity, minimum peak occupant accelerations corresponded to square occupant acceleration curves. It was found that there was remarkable correlation between the MADYMO and MATLAB restraint models, despite the differences in model complexity. The results from the MADYMO and MATLAB optimisation investigations were used to develop a general model of an optimised crash pulse. Based on the hypothesis that an optimised crash pulse was one which produces a square seatbelt loading curve (an assumption considered valid for restraint systems where the seatbelt remains the principle load path to the occupant), it was proposed that an optimised crash pulse has three phases – a fast loading phase, a load stabilisation phases, and a load control phase. Finally, using the analytical model, crash pulses were de-optimised in order to achieve maximum peak occupant acceleration. It was found that the rear-loaded crash pulse is the worst possible shape for a crash pulse, and will result in maximum occupant loads.


We propose a novel method to compute high-quality piecewise developable approximations for triangular meshes. Central to our approach is an evolutionary genetic algorithm for optimizing the combinatorial and discontinuous fitness function, including the approximation error, the number of patches, the patch boundary length, and the penalty for small patches and narrow regions within patches. The genetic algorithm's operations (i.e., initialization, selection, mutation, and crossover) are explicitly designed to minimize the fitness function. The main challenge is evaluating the fitness function's approximation error as it requires developable patches, which are difficult or time-consuming to obtain. Resolving the challenge is based on a critical observation: the approximation error and the mapping distortion between an input surface and its developable approximation are positively correlated empirically. To efficiently measure distortion without explicitly generating developable shapes, we creatively use conformal mapping techniques. Then, we control the mapping distortion at a relatively low level to achieve high shape similarity in the genetic algorithm. The feasibility and effectiveness of our method are demonstrated over 240 complex examples. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our results have much smaller approximation errors, fewer patches, shorter patch boundaries, and fewer small patches and narrow regions.


Recent studies suggest that the agency issues associated with investment bankers contribute to the well-documented IPO underpricing phenomenon. In this paper we argue that the potential repeated IPO business opportunities offered by the issuer mitigate the agency problems of investment bankers, inducing them to leave less money on the table. We examine offer prices, day-one closing prices and day-one returns of China company IPOs (HIPOs) and Hong Kong company IPOs (HKIPOs) offered in the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKSE). China company IPOs are selected and controlled by the Chinese regulatory authority, and as such the regulatory authority is the client of the investment banks. We find that compared to HKIPOs, HIPOs have (a) lower day-one returns, and (b) higher offer prices, consistent with the notion that agency problem of investment bankers is mitigated by the potential for repeat IPO businesses for HIPOs.


The Jewish community of Palestine, now the Israeli nation, has evolved certain patterns of life, which, although not yet crystallized, have, nevertheless, become quite well established. The most important are socialism, the glorification of the laborer and labor, pioneerism (halutziut), Westernism, secularism, and democracy. They are now changing, some being threatened with extinction, chiefly as a result of the change in the attitude of the people following their attainment of full nationhood but, even more so, as an effect of the tremendous influx of immigrants, particularly from the Middle East.


The invention relates to a method and equipment for preparing reducing gas from coke oven gas to produce sponge iron. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining mixed gas through mixing conventionally purified coke oven gas with one kind or two kinds of gas in converter gas, blast furnace gas, converted reducing tail gas and supplementary CO2; carrying out coarse desulfurization treatment; carrying out fine desulfurization treatment on the mixed gas after the coarse desulfurization treatment so that the total sulfur content of the mixed gas is lower than 3 ppm; then, carrying out heat exchange and temperature rising; making the gas enter a coke oven gas conversation furnace so that hydrocarbon and CO2 in the mixed gas can be converted into CO and hydrogen gas; making the gas obtained after the conversation directly enter a vertical furnace for producing DRI; using a part of converted reducing tail gas after cooling and dust removal as fuel through air discharge; and returning the other part of the converted reducing tail gas after cooling and dust removal into a coarse desulfurization work section inlet. The invention also provides equipment for realizing the method. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency and low energy consumption, and belongs to the method of efficiently utilizing the coke oven gas.


This paper addresses the behavior of a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waveguide operated at frequencies centered around its intended design frequency. A boundary condition analysis leads to an eigenvalue formulation, which is used to determine closed-form expressions for the electromagnetic field distributions within the TEM waveguide. Measurements of electric field magnitudes at several different operating frequencies confirm the analysis. The results presented here illustrate the significant effect of frequency variation on the operation of TEM waveguides.


Based on study on structure, sedimentary characteristics and reservoir forming conditions of Baxian southern subsag, the sequence stratigraphic synchrone frame of the region is first set up, where the formation from lower submember of Es1 to Es4 is divided into seven third-order sequences and the space distribution as well as the feature of depositional systems and sedimentary facies are confirmed, and three favorable zones of developing lithologic stratigraphic trap are given. The lithostratigraphic traps are effectively identified by comprehensively using such approaches as analysis of seismic facies and seismic properties, inversion. Lithostratigraphic reservoir models in slope area, the central anticline belt and deep depression area are established, and then the favorable exploration targets are exactly selected and confirmed. Wenan 11 and Wenan 1 wells were successfully drilled, which proves that the area is favorable for lithostratigraphic reservoir exploration and is of guiding significance for further exploration in other petroleum-rich subsags of Jizhong Depression.


The effectiveness of current antimalarial therapies that cure patients of the pathogenic asexual blood stages is rapidly declining due to the spread of antimalarial drug resistance. This requires the development of novel chemotypes curative for asexual blood stages but additionally, such chemotypes should also target the sexually differentiated gametocytes and thereby block disease transmission. Kinase inhibitors, specifically imidazopyridazines, were previously described as highly effective, dual-active compounds in vitro. However, amongst other shortcomings, poor solubility and cardiotoxicity risks prevented these compounds from being further developed. In a recent study, novel 3,6-diarylated imidazopyridazine derivatives showed improved solubility and a decrease in inhibition of the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG), suggesting reduced cardiotoxicity risks, with potent sub-micromolar antiplasmodial activities. Here, we report the in vitro activity of these 3,6-diarylated imidazopyridazine derivates against both asexual blood and gametocyte stages of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, in vitro. We highlight several potentially dual-active compounds with nanomolar activities (IC50's 0.7–104 nM) against both drug sensitive and resistant strains of P. falciparum with these compounds also displaying activity against transmissible gametocytes (IC50's 1180.3–1787.5 nM). Taken together, the new generation 3,6-diarylated imidazopyridazines have potent activity against P. falciparum parasites in vitro with improved physicochemical and toxicity profiles.


Some of the potentials and limitations in the COADS sea surface temperature (SST examined. In particular, we address uncertainties due to a) secular changes in the samplin and those due to b) consistent under-sampling of some areas for the entire record. The firs questions relate the use of COADS to the examination of long time series for global ch studies, the second to systematic uncertainties in the analysis of contemporary spatial ana


A novel interleaved-series/parallel forward converter(ISP-FC) was proposed for medium/high-voltage,wide input voltage range,high reliability and medium/high power applications.The ISP-FC is composed of two low-voltage switching-legs and a high-voltage switching leg.The three switching-legs construct two forward cells.The power switches' voltage stress of low-voltage switching-legs is half of the input voltage while the switches' stress of high-voltage switching-leg is input voltages.Compared with the two-switch forward converter,in addition to the advantages of high reliability,low voltage stress and high efficiency,the maximum duty cycle of the ISP-FC can achieve 0.67,which is 1.33 times of the two-switch forward converter.The switches of the high-voltage switching-leg can achieve soft-switching when duty cycle is less than 0.5 while switches of low-voltage switching-leg can achieve soft-switching when duty cycle greater than 0.5.The operation principles and characteristics of the proposed ISP-FC was analyzed in detail and verified with experimental results.


One of the first projects to attempt to pilot inter-regional south–south cooperation was 'South–South Cooperation Between Pacific and Caribbean SIDS (Small Island Developing States) on Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management'. This project engaged and linked regional agencies in both regions that held a mandate from government to address these risks, and the overall project was facilitated by the UNDP Pacific Centre. The project focused on common SIDS climate-risk and disaster-management issues, and the sharing of appropriate practices and methodologies for managing risk, which have worked well in a number of these island countries. In its three-year time frame, this project initiated significant institutional relationships between these regions and exposed both sides to the key players and their expertise, thus establishing the foundations for several ongoing sustainable partnerships. This initiative can be considered to have been quite successful and has provided insights about how best to enable south–south cooperation, as well as knowledge about the challenges faced; however, a follow-up phase is needed and has been unanimously signaled by all partners. The triangular dimensions of this cooperation provided timely and essential resources and long-term support, and helped to bridge cultural differences, all of which proved to be success factors. 1. About the Initiative 1.1 The context of the initiative With the greatest concentration of small island states in the world, both the Pacific and the Caribbean regions face common threats based on


Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are capable of serving as aerial base stations (BSs) for providing dynamic coverage and connectivity extension for the sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. While flexibility is provided, the deployment of the UAV swarms and the associated resource allocation bring challenging issues due to dynamic nature of UAVs and difficulty in obtaining global user information. In this paper, we propose an adaptive and flexible joint UAV deployment and resource allocation scheme by exploiting a personalized federated deep reinforcement learning framework, called PFRL, with aim to maximize the long-term network throughput while enforcing user privacy and adapting to time-varying network states. To allow UAVs to make real-time decisions on resource allocation and position adjustment based on local observations while achieving a global optimal solution, we incorporate deep reinforcement learning (DRL) into federated learning framework. Specifically, we use DRL to train a local model and a personalized model on UAVs, and employ a two-level parameter aggregation scheme on a leading UAV to form a global model. The personalized model can adapt to specific environments, while exploiting the generalization of global model to accelerate the learning convergence. Numerical results show that the proposed PFRL scheme can achieve significant performance gain in terms of network throughput and convergence in comparison with some state-of-art solutions.


The Chameleon Table project created a set of hexagonal tables. They are modular and are able to snap together. The design portrays some goals that can be achieved by having a table that is aware of changes in its surroundings and includes this as part of its technology. By creating this infastructure, we have been able to make several scenarios including musical instruments, sending messages between tables, and menus that change with apparent use in a food scenario. This paper also shows the use of a network for broadcasting context information.


Abstract: Soil microorganisms present a great diversity, involving taxonomically distinct groups that play a role in the decomposition of organic matter, nutrient cycling, soil aggregation, among others. In this diversity, the fungi of the genus Trichoderma have been successful plant pathogen biocontrol agents, as plant growth promoters and as inducers of plant resistance to diseases. In addition, they are important in the sustainability of natural ecosystems. Aiming to verify the population density of Trichoderma fungi in natural environments and agroecosystems, in Cerrado area, samples of soils and roots from native vegetation and agroecological production system were collected in the Federal District, Brazil. The collection points were randomly selected, and each soil or root sample was individually wrapped. The soil adhered to the roots was removed for evaluations. Serial sample dilutions and number of Colony Forming Units (CFUs) of Trichoderma isolates were performed. The results showed that the number of CFU varied depending on the plant and location evaluated. The replacement of native vegetation by organic farming systems did not result in a significant reduction in this number.


A representative set of space systems, functions, and missions for NASA and DoD from which launch vehicle requirements and characteristics was established as well as a set of air-breathing launch vehicles based on graduated technology capabilities corresponding to increasingly higher staging Mach numbers. The utility of the air-breathing launch vehicle candidates based on lift-off weight, performance, technology needs, and risk was assessed and costs were compared to alternative concepts. The results indicate that a fully reusable launch vehicle, whether two stage or one stage, could potentially reduce the cost per flight 60-80% compared to that for a partially reusable vehicle but would require advances in thermal protection system technology. A two-stage-to-orbit, parallel-lift vehicle with an air-breathing booster would cost approximately the same as a single-stage-to-orbit vehicle, but the former would have greater flexibility and a significantly reduced developmental risk. A twin-booster, subsonic-staged, parallel-lift vehicle represents the lowest system cost and developmental risk. However, if a large supersonic turbojet engine in the 350,000-N thrust class were available, supersonic staging would be preferred, and the investment in development would be returned in reduced program cost.


Salting theory for the light pickle salting of cod on a commercial scale is discussed and data are presented on the salt uptake with respect to time, temperature, and location in the tank. Variation of salt uptake by fish was examined and the proportion of top-quality fish, in terms of the amount of salt appropriate to the various commercial grades, that could be expected from a given salting operation is calculated. A method for determining an overall transfer coefficient is suggested and a coefficient for the case in point calculated. A regression line for water and salt contents of the fish during pickle salting is given.


Matched cohort designs where different treatments are compared offer a lot of challenges with regard to the selection of variables for matching. One popular method of getting around the issues associated with matching on several individual variables, especially the associated problem of insufficient study sample size is to use estimated propensity scores to obtain matched cohorts that are comparable. By way of illustration of the approach from the programmer's perspective, this paper describes the steps which our recent experience on real-life observational data suggests as vital in the estimation of propensity scores for such purpose. Kewords: Propensity Scores, Confounding, PROC LOGISTIC, Matching INTRODUCTION Cohort studies involve following subjects who have been exposed to a certain treatment such as a drug. Matching is where the exposed subjects are matched to those subjects not exposed to the treatment on certain covariates which are considered necessary to facilitate comparability between the two groups 4 . Matching is done to reduce confounding in cohort designs, for example the exposed subjects may be older than the unexposed and so we match subjects with comparable age in both cohorts. The aim is to compare subjects with similar baseline characteristics which the randomization routine facilitates in randomised controlled studies. The variables used for matching are normally those which do not vary over time (i.e. constant) largely demographic variables such as height, weight, disease history, etc. The limitations of matching includes the need for a large sample size due to the inevitable discarding of unmatched patients and identification of suitable/appropriate variables for matching from a list of potential confounders that can potentially run into thousands. However, when matching is carried out correctly, confounding can be significantly reduced when compared with the estimates obtained from the use of traditional regression methods 5,1,4 . As an alternative to matching on individual variables, the two treatment groups can be matched on composite scores such as the propensity scores (PS) 2 . A propensity score is the likelihood of a patient being exposed to a particular treatment or intervention given a set of explanatory variables.. The scores are usually estimated from a suitable statistical model that involves individual patient-level variables as covariates. The subjects are subsequently matched on their propensity score. Subjects from both treatment groups are matched according to their probability of getting , for example treatment B, based on the covariates that went into the propensity model. One of the main challenges of the propensity scores methodology is on the choice of a suitable matching routine for the particular study 3 . The list of routines includes (a) caliper, (b) closest available neighbour, (c) nearest available Mahalanobis metric and (d) radius matching 6,1 . The other area of choice is whether the unexposed patients can be selected more than once for matching (i.e. with or without replacement). This paper will describe the programmers experience in a recent studythe selected method of matching, detail description of its implementation, the challenges we encountered and how these were resolved.


This technique begins with a secondary rhinoplasty case (operated 3 times previously) in 1987 with a highly unappealing nasal tip whose cartilages were completely broken. I had to choose between eliminating the whole nasal dome and resetting it with a new cartilaginous structure (taking cartilages from the ear), or removing all the cartilage remains and covering with two-layered temporal fascia. I decided on the second option, and the result was highly satisfactory (fig. 1). Why this unprecedented idea? It was an impulse. Because of my reflexive character and perfectionism, it seemed contradictory and, yet, I sensed that this nasal tip, so badly arranged and anti-aesthetic after 3 operations, would only withstand a fourth operation which guaranteed certain success. So I thought that submitting the patient to a reconstruction of the whole cartilaginous nasal tip structure was not the best solution. Amputating and reconstructing seemed more complex and bloody than amputating and covering with some soft tissue. I chose temporal fascia as it is soft and not very extensible, and would provide the new tip more solidity. It came to my mind in a flash and I acted with all the consequences to help my patient, Paquita. As I knew the patient, I did a follow-up and, years later, the result remained stable. However, as all the plastic surgery treaties and publications warn us about the importance of conserving an alar cartilage band of no less than 3-5 mm on its caudal edge to avoid collapses, I thought that this process could wait before being repeated. So gradually, I started performing more cases, and I saw that the result was no chance happening. I extended the indications and ventured with particularly difficult primary rhinoplasty cases involving extremely domed, flat and wide tips. The years went by and I continued improving and perfecting this process, which went against what was "technically correct". I indicated it by taking great care and followed the results for as long as possible. After finishing the operation, I checked that the result remained aesthetic and that the nasal base was equilateral and stable; this was precisely one of the keys: a solid tripod and an equilateral stable base. To achieve this effect, I introduced some technical resources which helped me to convert a long-pointed or flattened nose into what ensured


Populations of fungi in and around the burrows of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator, as well as from the midgut of the crab were sampled in October, 1972, while the crabs were active, and in February, 1973, when the crabs were dormant. The red yeast, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, was the most frequent isolate obtained in and around the burrows in both sets of samples. Ninety-four percent of the crabs collected and surveyed in October, a time of great activity, yielded the yeast from the midgut. Only 6.7% and 8%, respectively, of the crabs collected in October and maintained in an artificial environment for 3 mo and collected and surveyed in February yielded the yeast. Because of this evidence, R. mucilaginosa is suggested as a selected dietary component of U. pugilator. Other fungi, the most abundant of which were Trichoderma lignorum, Cephalosporium roseogriseum, C. acremonium, Pencillium spinulosum and Aspergillus terreus, were isolated from the soil, but were either not found or were only incidentally present in the crab's digestive tract.


In order to demonstrate the feasibility of a mini-invasive inspection arm in ITER, the next step in fusion energy research machines, and to match the need for such a device in the French tokamak Tore Supra, a hardened long-reach robot has been developed by the CEA-LIST robotics team. The AIA (Articulated Inspection Arm), a 8 m long, highly articulated dexterous carrier with a 10 kg payload has been developed to be deployed anywhere in the Tore Supra vacuum vessel from one single Ø250 mm entry point, while the vessel is kept at the operating temperature (120) and pressure . Since its successful demonstration in Tore Supra in September 2008, the robot has been identified by different teams of scientists working on the tokamak for various potential tasks, from vision to diagnostic calibration or component analysis. In order to make such a device even more available, the CEALIST team is now working on the magnetic field constraint on robots. The goal being to demonstrate capabilities of intervention in ITER conditions, the considered field is 4 to 8 T. Technologies, command schemes and design strategies available for an inspection robot tolerant to high magnetic field have been studied. This paper first details the different technologies chosen for the AIA. How such an inspection device has been integrated on a multidisciplinary research machine such as Tore Supra is then detailed in a second part. The paper finally presents various concepts and experimentations to be used in a magnetic field tolerant robot for inspection of a large superconductor machine.


It has already ... begun ... the time ... the time-space ... of ... speaking .... a speaking that ... moves itself toward ... knowing nothing ... something ... you, the yous that arrive from ... the particularities ... as the basis for a giving ... enacting ... a rhythming of ... breath ... breathing toward ... away ... As a field of artistic research and practices, sound art brings focus to listening as a particular sensory, perceptual experience and capacity. Through a range of methods and approaches, including spatial and installational to performative and relational work, sound art positions the public as listeners. In doing so, listening is never only figured or conceived as a passive, receptive position; rather, sound art intensifies listening as an experience, inviting or demanding a shift toward more active forms and understandings. By way of sound art, listening is constituted as an experimental practice, one that involves itself in the world in such ways as to foster multiple or polyphonic conceptualizations of life and manners of existence. I focus on sound art in order to highlight its place within a broader framework of artistic practice and to underscore how it dynamically introduces listening as a particular sensory, perceptual capacity and practice Poetics of Listening


Complex Network Theory (CNT) studies network models and centrality metrics to deal with reliability/vulnerability assessment in networked systems. Classic CNT analyses evaluate the impact of failure of single vertices/edge elements on system connectivity assuming that all vertices/nodes have the same relevance. In Water Distribution Networks (WDNs), the Isolation Valve System (IVS) plays a crucial role for system reliability because a pipe failure asks for valves shutdown to isolate that pipe, usually requiring the isolation of a larger network segment, having its intrinsic relevance. This circumstance makes classic connectivity analyses and metrics of CNT misleading in reliability assessment of WDN. This work proposes a novel approach to analyze IVS, which is based on the construction of the graph of segments and isolation valves generated by the IVS. The application of the recently proposed relevance‐based (WDN‐tailored) betweenness centrality to such graph is used to rank the importance of segments and isolation valves. Two WDNs of different sizes are used to demonstrate and discuss the strategy also from a practical perspective.


This study examines the relationship among factors which influenced revisit MICE tourists to Bali. Factors which influenced revisit are MICE destination attributes, promotion, satisfaction, MICE planning, MICE policy and image. The research objectives is to determine the effects of MICE destination attributes, promotion, satisfaction, MICE planning, MICE policy and image to revisit MICE tourists to Bali. Respondents in this study were 189 MICE tourists in some supporting venue in Nusa Dua Bali. This study used analysis of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the application software Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) and the Special Package for Statistics Science (SPSS). The results showed that promotion influenced MICE tourists to revisit to Bali through the image. The implication of this research is to increase the MICE tourists arrivals to Bali as MICE destination. To increase MICE tourist arrivals, promotion used through online advertising and direct sales to get a friend/relative to MICE tourism market.
Key Word : Promotion, Image, Revisit, MICE Destination


Henry's constant (HC) for a binary mixture, infinitely dilute in one of the components, is modelled according to the one-fluid conformal solution theory. This theory expresses linearly in closed form the HC in terms of certain thermodynamic properties of the pure solvent component, with coefficients that require knowledge of appropriate mixing rules for their evaluation. The VDW1 mixing rules produce good agreement with simulation data for many mixtures as characterized by size and well-depth ratios of the components; however, the agreement is poor for small values of these ratios. In this paper, a self-consistent approach to improving the performance of the VDW1 rules is presented and illustrated. Comparison with simulation data shows some improvement over the VDW1 rules in the exceptional regions, but some deterioration for large size ratios. One interesting by-product of this exercise is the discovery of an expression for the crosssection virial coefficient in terms of the corresponding pure component ...


The present invention to reduce the transmission loss of mechanical energy (loss), to provide a high fire alarm device which in turn inform effect. The apparatus includes a housing 12, a rotating member 16 rotatable about an axis located inside the housing 12, a driving source 22 for rotationally driving the rotation body 16 around the axis, with the rotation of the rotating body 16 the striking part 26 for generating a receiving centrifugal force collision sound collides with the housing 12, the engaging portion 32 provided on the rotating body 16, the rotation of the engagement portion 32 engaged with the rotating body 16 the hook portion 34 to allow the rotation of the disengaged by rotating body 16 of the engaging portion 32 if equal to or greater than a predetermined temperature with blocking, is a fire alarm device 10 having a. .FIELD 1


BACKGROUND
Heterogeneity in trauma center designation and injury volume offer possible explanations for inconsistencies in pediatric trauma center designation's association with lower mortality among children. We hypothesized that rigorous trauma center verification, regardless of volume, would be associated with lower firearm injury-associated mortality in children.

STUDY DESIGN
This retrospective cohort study leveraged the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development patient discharge data. Data from children aged 0-14 years in California from 2005-2018 directly transported with firearm injuries were analyzed. American College of Surgeons (ACS) trauma center verification level was the primary predictor of in-hospital mortality. Centers' annual firearm injury volume was analyzed as a mediator of the association between center verification level and in-hospital mortality. Two mixed effects multivariable logistic regressions modeled in-hospital mortality and the estimated association with center verification while adjusting for patient demographic and clinical characteristics. One model included the center's firearm injury volume and one did not.

RESULTS
The cohort included 2,409 children with a mortality rate of 8.6% (n=206). Adjusted odds of mortality were lower for children at adult level I (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.19-0.80), pediatric (aOR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.05-0.61), and dual (aOR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.25-0.93) trauma centers compared to non-trauma/level III/IV centers. Firearm injury volume did not mediate the association between ACS trauma center verification and mortality (aOR/10 patient increase in volume: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.99-1.03).

CONCLUSIONS
Trauma center verification level, regardless of firearm injury volume, was associated with lower firearm injury-associated mortality, suggesting that the ACS verification process is contributing to achieving optimal outcomes.


Reaction of nido-2,3-R/sub 2/C/sub 2/B/sub 4/H/sub 5//sup /minus// ions (R = ethyl, benzyl) with organic halides (R'X) generate B(4)-substituted derivatives together with the B(6)-substituted enantiomers. The formation of the R/sub 2/C/sub 2/B/sub 4/H/sub 5/-4-R' products (R' = Me, Et, CH/sub 2/Ph, CH/sub 2/C/sub 6/H/sub 4/Me) is proposed to occur via R/sub 2/C/sub 2/B/sub 4/H/sub 5/-/mu/(4,5)-R' bridged bridged intermediates, which rapidly rearrange to the 4-substituted species. The reaction occurs cleanly, with /le/ 1% contamination by other geometric isomers, and thus furnishes a useful regiospecific synthetic route to B-monosubstituted derivatives. In all cases examined, the products are air-stable liquids of low volatility that can be employed as building-block units in the synthesis of organometallic complexes and oligomers. Proton NMR spectra of several of the 2,3,4-trisubstituted products, supported by NOE experiments, indicate spin coupling between a C-CH/sub 2/ methylene proton and a B-H-B bridging hydrogen. The triethyl and tribenzyl derivatives were bridge-deprotonated by NaH, complexed to Fe/sup 2+/, and oxidatively fused to produce the hexasubstituted R/sub 6/C/sub 4/B/sub 8/H/sub 6/ carboranes, although the reaction was sluggish compared to those of the parent C,C/prime/-disubstituted carboranes. The fused compounds are nonfluxional in solution, as determined from NMR spectra. 22 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.


In the past ten years world music festivals have become increasingly important facets of Croatian music scene. Although we could observe them as aspects of social and cultural life in which the "guiless", "pleasant" and "direct" encounter with other cultures takes place through music, to look at them exclusively from that viewpoint would mean to ignore a whole series of discursive strategies, interpretive moves and representational constructs that make world music festivals events rich in social, cultural, but also profoundly political meanings. This article's aim is to explore these "non-musical" aspects of world music festivals in Croatia. By analysing the representational discourses of five world music festivals (concerts, series of concerts) – Ethno Music Concerts of the International Folklore Festival, Ethnoambient Salona, Istra Etno Jazz, Zagreb World Music Festival NEBO and Multikultura – the author tries to present and interpret diverse approaches to (re)presentation, festivalisation and "translation" of world music in Croatia, as well as trace the path between the "global" model and "local" imprints / reprints of festivalisation of world music in Croatia.


Over the last decades, the rapid replacement of native forests by crops and pastures in the Argentinean semiarid Chaco plains has triggered unprecedented groundwater level raises resulting from deep drainage increases, leading to the first massive waterlogging event on records (~25,000 Ha flooded in 2015 near Bandera, one of the most cultivated clusters of the Chaco). In this paper, we link this episode to the ongoing deforestation and cropping scheme shifts through the combined analysis of remote sensing data, agricultural surveys, local farmer information and hydrologic modelling. From 2000 to 2015, the agricultural area of Bandera increased from 21% to 50%, mostly at the expense of dry forests. In this period, agriculture migrated from more intensive (i.e., double‐cropping) to more water‐conservative (i.e., late‐summer single crops) schemes as a general strategy to reduce drought risks. These changes reduced regional evapotranspiration and increased the intensity of deep drainage in wet years. Contrasting cropping schemes displayed significant evapotranspiration differences, but all of them experienced substantial drainage losses (~100–200 mm) during the wettest year (2014/2015), suggesting that cropping adjustments have a limited capacity to halt the generation of water excesses. Nearly 50% of the cropped area in Bandera could not be sown or harvested following the groundwater recharge event of 2014/2015. In the ongoing context of shallow and rising water tables, the introduction of novel cropping schemes that include deep‐rooted perennials, to promote transpirative groundwater discharge, seems crucial to avoid the recurrence of water excesses and their associated dryland salinity risk in the region.


Nowadays the use of remote sensing for vegetation mapping over large areas is becoming progressively common, with the increase of satellites providing a good trade-off between metric spatial resolution and large swath (e.g. Spot 5, RapidEye). Infra-metric imagery of Pleiades constellation offer valuable insights on vegetation structure. In the framework of the French national project CarHAB, this research aims at exploring the potential of this imagery and associated texture features (Haralick et SFS) in order to improve the discrimination of woody and herbaceous habitats and vegetation associated to screes. The work was tested in both, plain and mountainous environments in the French Alps (Isere Department). Promising results suggested that texture features derived from Pleiades imagery have a great potential discriminating vegetation structure. In all, the approach developed opens innovative ways towards a replicable rule-based classification scheme for vegetation mapping over open environments.


Background : A new formulation of lansoprazole, the lansoprazole orally disintegrating tablet, rapidly disintegrates in water eliminating the need for swallowing whole pills.


The long and distinguished history of the Handbook of Child Psychology is reviewed, from its origin in a little known 1931 edit


This study aims to analyze empirically the effect of profitability, firm growth, debt to equity ratio, institutional ownership, company size and operating cash flows on dividend policy.
Samples are 65 companies that go public on the Stock Exchange, where the method used is purposive sampling is a sampling method by setting certain criteria, among others: companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI), dividends and have the data Detailed since 2011-2014, so that the data (n) = 260. Methods of data analysis using multiple linear regression.
Processing results can be concluded that (1) there is a significant relationship between profitability on dividend policy, (2) there is no significant relationship between the growth of the company on dividend policy, (3) there was no significant relationship between debt to equity ratio, the dividend policy , (4) there is a significant relationship between institutional ownership on dividend policy, (5) there is no significant relationship between the size of the company on dividend policy, (6) there is no significant and positive influence between operating cash flow on dividend policy.
Advice given that the period of study for future research can be extended, for example in the 5 year period, so as to multiply the number of research samples. Future research will need to use the sample in the other sector companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange, not only in manufacturing companies that research results can be generalized not only in the manufacturing sector alone.

Keywords: profitability, firm growth, debt to equity ratio, institutional ownership, company size, operating cash flow and dividend policy


Of the common non-radioactive methods used with insitu hybridization, digoxigenin (DIG)-based detection remains one of the most sensitive. The methods described below allow for reproducible detection of high (direct fluorescence) high/medium (indirect amplified AP detection) to low abundance (detection incorporating tyramide signal amplification) target mRNAs in paraffin tissue sections. Tissue type and the nature of prior fixation determine which permeabilization steps may be required or left out of the protocol. Other Materials/Kits required:


'Francophone bastion' (686) at the heart of France's policy of influence on the continent no longer makes any sense. the most obvious symbol of this change has been the opening of the France–africa summits to anglophone african leaders. two things have not changed, however. First, the personal relationships between the president and his closest advisers continue to play a determining role in africa policy. this close relationship, for example between president Sarkozy and his adviser Claude Guéant, has continued to ensure that the Ministry of Foreign affairs is marginalised and that French africa policy is largely made at the Élysée palace. Second, africa continues to be central to presidential prerogatives, in the sense that the continent is 'par excellence le théâtre des initiatives élyséennes' (717). as Bat points out, the international prestige of the presidential office depends, and continues to depend to a significant degree, on the 'exceptional' links that successive presidents have maintained with african heads of state under the Fifth republic.


Lichen amyloidosis is characterized by amyloid deposition in the papillary dermis, presenting clinically with intensely pruritic hyperkeratotic papules. Various treatment modalities have been used but the results are generally unsatisfactory. Several studies show that non‐ablative fractional lasers can be used to treat depositional diseases due to their capability of inducing transepidermal elimination of the dermal content. To investigate the efficacy and safety of a non‐ablative fractional 1,550 nm Yttrium/Erbium fiber laser for the treatment of lichen amyloidosis.


In an automotive environment the presence of reflecting surfaces cannot be avoided. The electromagnetic wave returning from a target vehicle can get reflected on those surfaces causing a non existing so-called ghost target. For driver assistance systems ghost targets can lead to false decisions and, therefore, they should be detected and avoided. In this paper a model for describing those ghost targets and a procedure to distinguish them from real targets using the orientation and the motion state of a vehicle is presented.


The importance of homology modeling is that, for a set of given proteins that are hypothesized to be homologous, their three- dimensional structures are conserved to a greater extent than their primary structures. This observation has been used to generate protein models from homologues with very low sequence similarities. Thus, we attempted to model human genome receptor protein using MODELLER, SWISS-MODEL SERVER and ESYPRED-3D TOOLS. Comparison of the three Insilco tools for modeling the same protein showed that MODELLER outperformed SWISS-MODEL SERVER and ESYPRED-3D.


The kinetics of a slow step in the reaction of [CrIIIYH3(Cl)2(H2O)] to give [CrIIIYH(H2O)] and [CrIIIY(H2O)]-(ethylenediaminetetra-acetate, EDTA = Y4–), and in the analogous reaction of [CrIIIYH3(Br)2(H2O)], have been studied in aqueous perchlorate media [µ 1·0M(LiClO4)] at temperatures in the range 1–22°. The reactions are believed to occur in two steps, the first of which is slow and rate determining. First-order kinetics are observed for this step (kobs) and the hydrogen-ion dependence is given by kobs(K+[H+])=k1[H+]+k2K, where k1 is the rate constant for the reaction of a protonated form of the complex (x is probably 2 in [CrIIIYHx(X)2(H2O)]x–3), k2 is the rate constant for the reaction of the complex with one less proton, and K is the acid dissociation constant which relates the two species. At 20° values of k1 and k2 are 0·15 × 10–2 and 1·43 × 10–2 sec.–1 respectively for the chloro-complex, and 1·72 × 10–2 and 12·2 × 10–2 sec.–1 for the bromo-complex. Enthalpies of activation for the reactions whose rate constants are k1 and k2 are within the range 16·6–17·5 kcal. mole–1, and the corresponding entropies of activation fall between –9·2 and –12·2 e.u.


The work purpose – studying of modern technologies of education that shall be given the opportunity to prepare or training specialists who would be able to flexibly and quickly respond to market needs, which are constantly changing. Defined the concept of "home", "personal", "personal" coach and just coach. The methods of research for the development of targeted training programmes, technological training project, a model coach, etc. the ways of improvement of system of training of specialists in accordance with modern requirements of the market of services, which in the future will allow to determine the necessary knowledge and skills of a personal trainer, which will require a change in the substance of educational planning and disciplines of the specialty "Olympic and professional sport".


Objective Young American athletes, at risk of sport-related concussion (SRC), represent many races, however, it is unknown how race influences the experience and outcome of SRC. Our objective was to compare White and Black athletes' recovery and subjective experiences after SRC. Background NA. Design/Methods A retrospective study was performed using the Vanderbilt Sport Concussion registry. Self-reported White (n = 211) and Black (n = 36) athletes (ages 12–23) treated for SRC between 2012 and 15 were included. Athletes with learning disabilities or psychiatric conditions were excluded. Data was collected by EMR review and phone calls to athletes and parents/guardians. The primary outcomes were: (1) days to symptom resolution (SR), (2) days to return-to-school, (3) changes in any daily activity (binary), (4) and sport behavior (binary). Secondary outcomes were changes in specific activities such as sleep, schoolwork, television time, as well as equipment (binary), playing style (more reckless, unchanged, less reckless) and whether the athlete retired from sport. Descriptive analyses, multivariable Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression were performed. Results A retrospective study was performed using the Vanderbilt Sport Concussion registry. Self-reported White (n = 211) and Black (n = 36) athletes (ages 12–23) treated for SRC between 2012 and 15 were included. Athletes with learning disabilities or psychiatric conditions were excluded. Data was collected by EMR review and phone calls to athletes and parents/guardians. The primary outcomes were: (1) days to symptom resolution (SR), (2) days to return-to-school, (3) changes in any daily activity (binary), (4) and sport behavior (binary). Secondary outcomes were changes in specific activities such as sleep, schoolwork, television time, as well as equipment (binary), playing style (more reckless, unchanged, less reckless) and whether the athlete retired from sport. Descriptive analyses, multivariable Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression were performed. Conclusions Racial differences appear to exist in the outcomes and experience of SRC for young athletes, as Black athletes reached symptom resolution and return-to-school sooner than White athletes. Race should be considered as an important social determinant in SRC treatment.


Dear Sir: —In No. 2, vol ix, p. 53, ofThe Journal, you print what is meant to be the formula for Ehrlich's test of typhoid urine, of which I spoke in May last, before the Association of American Physicians, in Washington. In your communication, as also in those of many other journals, there was a serious typographical error, that ought to be corrected in the interest of Professor Ehrlich, but still more so in that of many of your readers. The formula is as follows: Sodium nitrite, 1 part; aq. destill., 200 parts (is liable to be decomposed after from four to ten days). Acid sulfanilic, 5 parts; ac. hydrochlor. conc. pur., 50 parts (not 5); aq. destill., 1,000 parts (not 100). Of 1 take 1.2 parts, of 2 take 50 parts, to form 3. Mix 3 and urine in about equal quantities, and add slowly aq. ammon. towards


Although researchers have widely studied the analysis and modelling of error sources on Global Navigation Satellite Systems positioning, some of these errors have not been eliminated significantly and only some of the Global Navigation Satellite System's data are modelled. The present work was undertaken to determine the effect of different variables, namely: season, the number of visible satellites, and dilution of precision on the efficiency of horizontal and vertical CORS (Continuously Operating Reference Stations) positioning. For this aim, the CORS data was collected at 14 different test points during 600 epochs with 1-second intervals. Factorial designs supply an efficient solution to understand the impact of several factors on a response variable. A full factorial design with three factors at two levels was applied for these purposes. According to the results of the full factorial design, all factors significantly affected the response variable. Also, the interaction effects of factors were analysed on the CORS horizontal and vertical positioning. The regression equations were obtained for all situations.