Once property is recognised as a relationship of socially approved control, it becomes infinitely more accurate to say that one has property in a...


Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential to refine their generation based on their own feedback. However, the feedback from LLM itself is often inaccurate, thereby limiting its benefits. In this paper, we propose Study Assistant for Large LAnguage Model (SALAM), a novel framework with an auxiliary agent to assist the main LLM in learning from mistakes through interactive cooperation. In the gathering phase, the student assistant agent probes the main LLM, analyzes its errors, and collects the interaction in a mistake memory. During the examination phase, the study assistant provides guidelines by retrieving relevant cases to help the main LLM anticipate and avoid similar errors. We first investigate the effectiveness of a general study assistant and then customize it to provide LLM-specific guidance through imitation learning from successful guidance experiences. Our experiments on three LLMs using two challenging frameworks demonstrate that SALAM can significantly boost LLMs by an accuracy margin of up to 6.6 on BBH and 12.6 on BBQ.


The numerical simulation of flow field in a large desulphurization tower fitted with one or two cyclone separators at the outlet was carried out by using the RNG k-e turbulent model.The results show that the fitting way of cyclone separators has certain degree influences on the flow field in the desulphurization tower.The velocity uniformity of flow field in the desulphurization tower was described by the velocity non-uniformity.The velocity non-uniformity of the desulphurization tower with one cyclone separator is 0.1 higher than that with two cyclone separators.When the desulphurization tower is fitted with two cyclone separators,the velocity non-uniformity of radial outlet way is fewer than that of the tangential outlet way.The least velocity non-uniformity of radial outlet way is 0.3.The desulphurization tower fitted two cyclone separators at radial outlet is the optimum scheme.


Introduction Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are on the rise due to people living longer as a result better quality healthcare and advancement of science and technology. The number of individuals with age-related neurodegenerative diseases is expected to double, if not triple, by 2050 [2-4]. To date, no therapies exist to halt or slow the progression of neurodegenerative disease, and many pharmacotherapies only have a temporally limited efficacy. While neurodegenerative diseases differ in cell-type and brain region affected, many share common occurrence of aberrant processes both inside degenerating neurons (cell autonomous) and outside degenerating neurons (non-cell autonomous) in other neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. Because many of these diseases result from a culmination of age-related intracellular and extracellular changes exacerbated by environmental stimuli and genetics, developing a multipronged therapeutic approach is of the utmost need to improve upon current therapeutic strategies. In section 1, I will provide an overview of aberrant cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous mechanisms common to neurodegenerative diseases. In section 2, I will discuss how these mechanisms contribute specifically to degeneration of the nigrostriatal system in Parkinson's disease. Finally, in section 3 I will briefly overview existing therapies for Parkinson's disease conclude with suggestions for a switch to a more multi-pronged approach.


Study Objectives: To determine the impact of a multi-component quality improvement (QI) intervention on Chlamydia trachomatis screening for young women in primary care. Design: Observational cohort analysis. Setting: Urban primary care site providing adolescent primary and confidential sexual health care. Participants: Female adolescents aged 15–19 years. Interventions: From December 2018 to April 2018, we designed and implemented a multiphase QI intervention. The final intervention, beginning March 2017, consisted of the following at all adolescent well visits: 1) dual registration for well and confidential sexual health encounters; 2) urine collection during the rooming process; and 3) electronic health record-based prompts for chlamydia screening. Main Outcome Measures: Annual chlamydia screening rates before and after the intervention, with a goal of achieving a relative increase of 10%. Results: There were 1,550 well adolescent encounters from December 2016 to April 2018. The pre-implementation chlamydia screening rate among 15- to 19-year-old female adolescents was 41.2% (95% confidence interval: 20.9–61.5%). Post-intervention, this increased to 50.0% (95% confidence interval: 28.6–71.5%) (p<0.001). The clinic chlamydia test positivity rate remained stable, at 10.7% and 11.1% in the pre and post-intervention periods, respectively. There was no significant change in median visit length in the pre- (79.2 minutes, interquartile range 59.5–103.3) and post-intervention periods (80.4 minutes, IQR 61.7–102.8) (p=0.63). Conclusions: This practice-based QI intervention resulted in a statistically significant 21% relative increase in annual Chlamydia trachomatis screening rates among adolescent females, without lengthening median visit time.


Summary Although "ecogenetics" seeks toexamine genetically mediated differences insusceptibility toenvironmental agents, researchers often examine therelation between genetic markers anddisease without regard toenvironmental determinants. Byusing epidemiologic definitions ofgenotype-environment interaction, itcanbe shownthat therelative risk ofdisease forthegenetic marker isafunction ofthefrequency ofexposureto theenvironmental agent,thestrength ofinteraction between thegenotypeandtheagent, andthespecificity oftheenvironmental effect vis-a-vis thegenotype. Using examples fromtheliterature, we illustrate under six patterns ofgenotype-environment interaction that therelative risk associated withthemarker canfluctuatemarkedly. However, withinfrequent exposures,therelative risk isclose tounity (implying no genetic effect) evenintheface ofstronggenotype-environment interaction. Alternatively, elevated relative risks imply afrequent environmental exposureor a strongpatternofinteraction. We suggest that genetic markerdisease associations beevaluated within thecontextofan epidemiologic study design that considers specific environmental determinants ofrisk.


Currently, As Plasma application is expanded to the industrial and medical industrial, Low temperature plasma characteristics became important. Especially in Medical industrial, Low temperature plasma directly adapted to human skin, so their plasma parameter is important. One of the plasma parameters is electron density, some kinds of method to measuring electron density are Thomson scattering spectroscopy and Millimeter-wave transmission measurement. But most methods is expensive to composed of experiment system. Heterodyne interferometer system is cheap and simple to setting up, So we tried to measuring electron density by Laser heterodyne interferometer. To measuring electron density at atmospheric pressure, we need to obtain the phase shift signal. And we use a heterodyne interferometer. Our guiding laser is Helium-Neon laser which generated 632 nm laser. We set up to chopper which can make a laser signal like a pulse. Chopper can make a 4 kHz chopping. We used Needle jet as Ne plasma sources. Interference pattern is changed by refractive index of electron density. As this refractive index change, phase shift was occurred. Electron density is changed from Townsend discharge's electron bombardment, so we observed phenomena and calculated phase shift. Finally, we measured electron density by refractive index and electron density relationship. The calculated electron density value is approximately 1015~ 1016 cm-3 . And we studied electron density value with voltage.


Recurrent neural networks (RNN) and feed-forward multi-layer perceptron's have been proposed for determining the absence and presence of speech in continuous voice signals when there is a variety of background noise levels present. The Aurora2 and Aurora3 were used to conduct detailed performance evaluations on vocal activity detection. When a Recurrent neural network feeds on automatic speech recognition particular features and acoustic features, the best outcomes can be achieved, according to this study. Aurora2 and the French, Romanian and Norway portions of the Aurora3 corpus is also proposed for detailed studies of ASR. When noise presence probability is utilized to change for encoding speech, phone subsequent probabilities are employed; the WER is reduced by 10.3 percent.


Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been an integrated approach to business in recent years. FMCG companies in India have become active participants of CSR initiatives in India.

Purpose/Aim: Current study aims to determine CSR as a sensational tool of Brand Equity (BE) for FMCG companies.

Objective: This study focuses on measuring the impact of CSR on the Brand Equity of FMCG companies in India.

Design/methodology/approach: Dimensions of CSR (DoCSR) and Dimensions of Brand Equity (DoBE) are selected based on the review of the literature to gauge the relationship between them. 10 random FMCG brands had been selected on the basis of their CSR activities in the past 5 years. The study is centered on primary data gathered from 400 customers of ten selected FMCG companies in India. Respondents are selected from the areas of Delhi/NCR region where these 10 companies are performing CSR activities

DoCSR used are Integrity, Excellence, Responsibility, Innovation, Fairness, Care, Customers, People, Safety, Community, Environment.

DoBE used are Brand awareness, perceived quality, brand loyalty, and brand association.

Findings/Conclusion: The results reveal that the CSR activities of the FMCG companies in India have a positive and considerable impact on BE. The study indicated that the companies with higher involvement in CSR are having higher BE such as; TCL, ITC, HUL, Marico, and P&G, but Amul, Parle, Britannia, Nestle India, and Godrej India are the comparatively poor performer in the domains of CSR and having lower BE.


This article is focused on a complex analysis of a direct punch. The direct punch is only one technique in a complex system – a professional defence. The professional defence is a necessary part of a physical protection, which is a basis in every security system. During this research, several methods were used for the measurement of velocity, force, body movement, etc., during a punch. The main goal was to find out the most significant characteristics of a direct punch. The second goal was to find some dependencies among groups of people with different training level in professional defence. Some parts of these experiments were published in the past, but this article contains the results of all the methods used. Keywordsdirect punch; professional defence; complex analysis; velocity; force


The invention is based on the idea to first produce a specimen with a predetermined homogeneous biofilm load. Subsequently, the predetermined load of the test specimen is associated with biofilm by application of a chemical detection method, a loading reference value. With the same detection method, a load value is determined for a second test specimen with unknown biofilm load. A comparison of the loading value of the second specimen with the reference value of the first sample body allows a quantification of the biofilm load of the second specimen.


A neurochemical basis for many of the epilepsies has long been suspected to result from an imbalance between the various neurotransmitter mechanisms. The present study was undertaken to gain an understanding of the brain neurotransmitter involvement in experimental epilepsy. Adult male Holtzman strain rats were subjected to convulsions triggered by intracortical (somatosensory cortex) penicillin (PCN) administration (100 IU, 100 μl) and the regional brain levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) were assayed in epileptic rats. The results of the study revealed a decrease in the NE level in the cerebral cortex (cc), cerebellum (cb), caudate nuclei (cn) and midbrain (mb) except an increment in the chronic cortical NE. On the other hand DA level had increased significantly in the cc and mb though in the cb and cn the level had lowered. 5-HT levels were decreased in the cb, cn and mb while in the cc an enhanced level of 5-HT was observed. The results obtained clearly show that the nervous structures tested with PCN had a different neurotransmitter response pattern which significantly changed along the cortico-cerebellar axis.


In this study, supported nonmetal (boron) doping TiO2 coating photocatalysts were prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to enhance the activity under visible light irradiation and avoid the recovering of TiO2. Boron atoms were successfully doped into the lattice of TiO2 through CVD, as evidenced from XPS analysis. B-doped TiO2 coating catalysts showed drastic and strong absorption in the visible light range with a red shift in the band gap transition. This novel B-TiO2 coating photocatalyst showed higher photocatalytic activity in methyl orange degradation under visible light irradiation than that of the pure TiO2 photocatalyst.


We consider a diffusional-thermal model describing the combustion of a premixed gas in a cylindrical domain. We show that a uniformly propagating plane flame is unstable when the Lewis number L exceeds a critical value $L_c $. We employ a nonlinear analysis to show that for $L > L_c $ various types of solutions bifurcate from the uniformly propagating plane flame. The bifurcated solutions describe pulsating flames whose spatial distribution corresponds to combinations of axial, radial and tangential modes. The tangential modes are of two types, corresponding to standing waves on, and to travelling waves propagating in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions around, the cylinder. The latter describe spinning waves in which a hot spot (or spots) (local temperature maximum) propagates in a helical motion around the axis of the cylinder. Both single and multi-headed spins are obtained.


An apparatus for decoding data segments representing a time-domain data stream, a data segment being encoded in the time domain or in the frequency domain, a data segment being encoded in the frequency domain having successive blocks of data representing successive and overlapping blocks of time-domain data samples. The apparatus includes a time-domain decoder for decoding a data segment being encoded in the time domain and a processor for processing the data segment being encoded in the frequency domain and output data of the time-domain decoder to obtain overlapping time-domain data blocks. The apparatus further includes an overlap/add-combiner for combining the overlapping time-domain data blocks to obtain a decoded data segment of the time-domain data stream.


Phenylketonuria is a genetic abnormality that triggers an incapacity to metabolise phenylalanine (Phe), an amino acid present in nutritional proteins. This incapacity leads to an accumulation of Phe and its by-products in the blood and tissues, which drastically compromises the neurological and intellectual development of a person (Pueschel, 1996). Following the establishment of national and state screening programmes (circa 1965), phenylketonuria has ceased to be a cause of mental retardation for the vast majority of persons affected by this incapacity. With the possibility of detection at birth and the immediate introduction of a Phe-restricted diet, development can progress at normal rates (Koch et al., 1996). However, individuals with phenylketonuria who were born before the development of these screening programmes and early interventions have, unfortunately, developed mental retardation. It is clear that the harmful effects of a high Phe blood level during the first years of life are largely irreversible, especially where intellectual development is concerned (Bruhl et al., 1965). However, certain toxic effects manifested in problem behaviours seem to be reversible, even in adults with phenylketonuria who have followed a regular diet throughout their entire lives.


Cleavage of the carboxylate chelate [Co(en)2(glyO)]2+ has been studied in 0.75 mol dm-3 NaOH . 18O-tracer results are interpreted as 16% C-O and 84% Co-O bond fission, the products ultimately being [Co(en)2(OH)2]+, CoII, and glyO -. The major Co-O cleavage path is interpreted as an SN1 (CB) process leading to both recapture of carboxylate oxygen (50%, kex = 4.8 × 10-6 s-1) and capture of solvent leading to [Co(en)2(OH)( glyO )]+ (50%).


To establish the prevalence and quantify the severity of body fat redistribution and dyslipidaemia in HIV‐infected men after long‐term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) compared with the background population.


Sceptrophasma bituberculatum( Redtenbacher) is a rare and typical kind of inland mimicry insect that lives in arid desert region in Xinjiang,China. It was seldom reported because of its small population and its camouflage. Observations of 4 years' indoor and outdoor of this species showed that how it is to adapt to the atrocious arid desert circumstance,the morphology and life history were quite different from those Phasmida that had been reported: completely lost wings,hardened integument,gray and light- brown color; one generation a year; nympha emerge from early August without diapause; living through the winter in the form of 4thinstar nymph; eclosion after 5 molts and oviposition in mid May. No male had been found. The shape and outside structure of the egg,limb regeneration were reported either. The study of the biology and desert adaption contributes to understand of origin and evolution of desert insect.


This paper seeks to explain cross-temporal variation in the transposition of Community legislation in Poland between 1997 and 2001. Transposition paths are linked to institutional factors that facilitate or prohibit change; but - in contrast to the existing conceptualizations - this paper focuses on the configurations of the national executive. The principal finding is that a major upward shift in the pattern of transposition in 2000 was correlated with a far-reaching centralization of authority in the executive. Internally, the core executive increased its powers through (i) strong leadership from the prime minister and the minister for European affairs, (ii) reinforced horizontal and hierarchical coordination mechanisms, and (iii) capacity to undertake regulatory management. In its relationship with parliament the executive won extensive control over legislative time and agenda through (i) cohesive support from major political parties, (ii) monopoly of legislative initiative, and (iii) restricting of parliamentary amending powers.


Objective To investigate the clinical results of open reduction and internal fixation for displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus.Methods The fractures were classified according to sanders classification.43 cases(52 fractures) were treated by open reduction and internal fixation and 37 cases(45 fractures) were followed up from 3-37 months(average of 15 months).Results All fractures were healed.Functional results were evaluated by Marryland Foot Score and excellent results occurred in 19(42.2%),good in 21(46.7%),fair in 5(11.1%) and the satisfactory rate was 88.9%.Conclusions Open reduction and internal fixation is effective for treatment of displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus.Restoration of articular congruency and the shape of the calcaneus should be gained as possible.


Quantum frequency up-conversion is a cutting-edge technique that leverages the interaction between photons and quantum systems to shift the frequency of single photons from a lower frequency to a higher frequency. If the photon before up-conversion was one of the entangled pair, then it is important to understand how much entanglement is preserved after up-conversion. In this study, we present a theoretical analysis of the transformation of the time-dependent second-order quantum correlations in photon pairs and find the preservation of such correlations under fairly general conditions. We also analyze the two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between the frequency-converted idler photon and the signal photon. The visibility of the two-photon interference is sensitive to the magnitude of the frequency conversion, and it improves when the frequency separation between two photons goes down.


OBJECTIVE
Potential peripheral sources of pain from subcutaneous tissue can require invasive evocative tests for their localization and assessment. Here, we describe studies whose ultimate goal is development of a noninvasive evocative test for subcutaneous, painful tissue.

DESIGN
We used a rat model of a focal and subcutaneous neuroma to test the hypothesis that intense focused ultrasound can differentiate focal and subcutaneous neuropathic tissue from control tissue. To do so, we first applied intense focused ultrasound (2 MHz, with individual pulses of 0.1 second in duration) to the rat's neuroma while the rat was under light anesthesia. We started with low values of intensity, which we increased until intense focused ultrasound stimulation caused the rat to reliably flick its paw. We then applied that same intense focused ultrasound protocol to control tissue away from the neuroma and assayed for the rat's response to that stimulation.

RESULTS
Intense focused ultrasound of sufficient strength (I(SATA) of 600 +/- 160 W/cm(2) ) applied to the neuroma caused the rat to flick its paw, while the same intense focused ultrasound applied millimeters to a centimeter away failed to induce a paw flick.

CONCLUSION
Successful stimulation of the neuroma by intense focused ultrasound required colocalization of the neuroma and intense focused ultrasound supporting our hypothesis.


High-resolution (3 kyr) stable isotope analyses (6180, 5 13C) have been conducted on late middle Eocene planktonic foraminifera from the western North Atlantic (Ocean Drilling Program, Leg 171 B, Site 1052). The data indicate significant (>1 %o) and abrupt changes in mixed layer planktonic foraminifera 6180. These variations probably result from large oscillations in sea surface temperatures. The variability is greater than that seen in open ocean Pleistocene records and indicates that the middle Eocene climatic system was not consistently warm or stable. There were intervals when annual sea surface temperatures were up to 5 °C greater than modem mean values. These temperatures are similar to those recorded in the early Eocene, suggesting increased carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases may have forced warm intervals. New and existing planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphic events of the late middle Eocene have been examined with a sampling resolution of 3 kyr. These have been calibrated to the astronomical timescale to accurately defme the timing of key biostratigraphic events, particularly the extinction of Morozovella spin ulosa, which is a distinct biomarker for late middle Eocene sediments. Fourier analysis reveals Milankovitch frequencies within the stable isotopic record. The long-period eccentricity signal (400 kyr) governs the large fluctuations in middle Eocene 6180 and produced significant changes in water column stability and thermal stratification. Large oscillations in sea surface temperatures occurred with surface water temperatures periodically reduced for 100 kyr. A possible explanation is that these abrupt shifts in 6180 represent orbitally forced variations in upwelling intensity, which greatly reduced sea surface temperatures. The direct effects of eccentricity on insolation are small. Therefore the prominent eccentricity variations were probably generated by nonlinear response to precessional forcing within the climatic system, rather than directly from eccentricity variations in solar insolation. Feedback effects within the oceanic atmospheric system, possibly related to atmospheric transport, must have been important. The generally reduced surface to bottom temperature gradient in the Eocene may have facilitated the upwelling of deep water to the surface ocean. It is concluded that the oscillations in the stable isotopic profiles in the western North Atlantic are due to climatic controls on the intensity of upwelling. The prominence of the eccentricity frequencies in middle Eocene climate records indicates that orbital modulation of solar insolation was an important parameter of climatic variability at this time. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and rationale...............................................................................1 1.2 Foraminifera and stable isotopes ....................................................................2 1.3 Geological setting...........................................................................................3 1.3.1 SitelO52 ................................................................................................... 5 1.4 The Eocene climate......................................................................................... 9 1.5 Mechanisms of Eocene climate change........................................................12 1.5.1 Hypotheses involving the redistribution of energy.................................12 1.5.2 Hypotheses involving the net amount of energy..................................... 14 1.6 The debate over tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs)...........................15 1.7 Milankovitch climate cycles and calibration of middle Eocene ....................... biostratigraphy to an orbital time-scale ........................................................17 1.8 Objectives ......................................................................................................18 ORBITAL CYCLICITY IN THE LATE MIDDLE EOCENE SEDIMENT RECORD AT BLAKE NOSE AND RECALIBRATION OF THE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY TO THE ASTRONOMICAL TIME-SCALE ............... 20 2.1 Orbital forcing in Palaeogene records ..........................................................20 2.2 Core to core integration................................................................................22 2.3 Age model.....................................................................................................27 2.3.1 Sedimentation rates................................................................................ 28 2.4 Spectral analysis of the sedimentary record .................................................29 2.5 Astronomical calibration of the middle Eocene time-scale..........................32 2.5.1 Revised sedimentation rates................................................................... 36 2.5.2 New and revised biostratigraphic events and calibration to the orbital time-scale....................................................................................................... 37 2.6 Orbital variations in the lithological record..................................................41 2.7 Origin of the Munsell hue signal ..................................................................45 2.8 Summary.......................................................................................................47 HIGH-RESOLUTION STABLE ISOTOPE VARIATIONS AT SITE 1052.. .............................................................................................................. 48 3.


This article proposes the design and application of a hybrid motion capture helmet system for measuring kinematics parameters of gait. Until recently, no motion capture system using optical and gyro-accelerometer approaches allowing parallel measurement of kinematic parameters of the vestibular system during gait was presented. The results have shown a possibility of estimating linear acceleration through a derivation of optical position markers. However, due to derivation errors, gyro-accelerometer inertial units usually provide more robust and accurate information concerning head movements.


These Questions and Answers have been prepared following the passage of the Education Services for Overseas Students Legislation Amendment (Tuition Protection and Other Measures) Bill 2011. The list of Questions and Answers will grow over time as new questions emerge from the international education sector and students. Any comments and questions should be sent to the department via the ESOS Enquiry on-line form available from: http://www.aei.gov.au/Regulatory-Information/Education-Services-for-Overseas-Students-ESOSLegislative-Framework/Pages/ESOSEnquiry.aspx


How to scientifically and quantitatively define the contribution rate of climate variation and vegetation changes on runoff is a scientific problem in the field of climate variation and a difficulty that the managers of watershed focused.In order to provide scientific and quantitative basis of the contribution rate and impact degree of forest vegetation for its flood and disaster reduction role,the progress of the domestic and overseas studies are reviewed based on the demonstration of the hydrological effects and limitations of forest vegetation.The results suggest that,because of the differences of study methods,watershed and its scales,there are differences in the results.The universal law is still in search.


A tourist village is a tourist destination or tourism destination that integrates tourist attractions.  Tangkeno Village meets the criteria of a rural area that has unique and special characteristics in the form of local wisdom (customs, culture, potential, which is managed as a tourist attraction in accordance with its capabilities, which is aimed at the social and economic interests of the community and has a tourism component. Later on,  empowerment through tourism villages is expected to be able to contribute to society either directly or indirectly, especially in the economic field.  So, by  this University Assisted Village are carried out in 3 main stages emporement set activities, namely: (1) planning, (2) implementation, and (3) evaluation.  In the end, as a recommendation, Tangkeno Village is expected to form a non-governmental group that specializes in tourism in Tangkeno Village. It is also hoped that there will be a mentoring and training program to increase the human resource capacity of the group in the future.


By analyzing the situation about infection of hydatid disease for people in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,the scientific basis is going to provide measure for preventing and controling hydatid disease.According to the outline such as National prevention and control program of major parasitic diseases 2006-2015,epidemic situation of hydatid disease in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps was investigated.Results showed that in 2011,128 people were diagnosed as hydatid disease by type-B ultrasonic in the Corps,with an infection rate of 1.57(128/81 500).Serological examination was conducted in 8 357 people,and the result indicated 382 samples of hydatid diseases specific IgG antibody were positive,with an average infection rate of 4.47%.Among the 128 patients with hydatid disease,77 were males and 51 were females,and the gender distinction ratio was 1.51:1.The ethnic proportion was Han(81,63.28%),Kazak(19,14.84%),Uygur(15,11.72%),Muslim(10,7.81%),and other national minority(3,2.34%).The highest prevalence rate was in Division 13(4.02%),and there was no patient in Division 1 or Division 14.The highest infection rate was in Division 9(18.37%),and there was no infected person in Division 1 and Division 2.It's suggested that hydatid disease is still popular in most areas of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.


This biography provides a vivid and factual description of the author's life at both personal and professional levels, starting from his formative years in India to his adaptive periods of life in UK and Canada. It also provides author's experiences during his travel across the world, mostly as an invited speaker in scientific conferences, they are both revealing and informative.


In June last year, virtualization.info reported about the fact that MokaFive was working an the development of a client hypervisor called BareMetal, and today MokaFive ...


Theperoxidase andimmunofluorescent. lo- calization patterns ofandrogen-binding protein (ABP), abio- logical marker ofSertoli cell function, havebeenexamined in cultured Sertoli cells isolated from20-to22-day-old rats. ABP immunoreactivity intheformofcytoplasmic granules ofvari- able diameter wasobserved inSertoli cells with characteristic lipid droplets andacolony-forming, epithelial-like growth pattern. Incubation ofcultures with(3H)thymidine demion- strated that Sertoli cells continue toproduce ABPwhile re- taining their capability forsynthesizing DNAandundergoing mitosis. Avariable number ofcultured Sertoli cells became morphologically transformed after exposure tofollitropin (fol- licle-stimulatin g hormone) andpharmacological agents acting oncyclic nucleotide metabolism. Theinduced change inSertoli cell shape coincided withadisappearance ofABP-containing granules fromthecytoplasm. These observations demonstrate that localization ofABPbyimmunological techniques isa valuable tool forthecharacterization ofstructural andfunc- tional properties ofSertoli cell inculture.


The poly (o-phenylenediamine) was chemically synthesized using ferric chloride as an oxidant and hydrochloric acid as an initiator. Different concentration of the anionic surfactant like Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate was used to study their effects on the polymers. The synthesized polymers were characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and their thermal properties were study using TGA, DTG and DTA. The SEM and XRD studies show that the prepared polymers were crystalline in nature. The conductivity study was carried using four probe method in room temperature and was found to be semiconducting in nature.


The value of a nutritional biomarker rests in its ability to accurately assess the nutritional status of an individual or population. This has both clinical and public health implications. The correct identification of individuals or groups who have low or deficient status allows them to be targeted for treatment or for the design of appropriate public health interventions. Accurate assessment of nutritional status also allows for the monitoring of response to nutritional interventions over time, both at the individual and population levels. Such assessments depend on the assumptions that an intake-response relation exists between the nutrient of interest and the biomarker of status, that the biomarker can be measured reliably and accurately, and that biomarker cutoffs accurately identify individuals or groups at risk of inadequacy. It is well accepted that different methods for analyzing nutritional biomarkers (or any biomarker for that matter) can and do produce substantially different results. A case in point is the measurement of folate status. There are a multitude of folate assays, including radioprotein-binding assays, chemiluminescence immunoassays, analytic chemistry assays, and microbiological assays, each with its own limitations and biases. Comparison studies have shown that differences between the assays can be.30%, with the degree of difference depending on many factors, including the methods being compared, the biological samples examined (e.g., plasma/serum or red blood cells), and the calibrators used, to name a few (1). Despite intermethod differences, cutoffs for the assessment of nutritional adequacy havemostly been established by using a single method but are applied broadly in clinical and research settings. The WHO has endorsed a suite of cutoffs to assess population folate status, established with the use of 1 of 2 methods. They include folate deficiency cutoffs based on hematologic (microbiological assay) or metabolic indicators (radioimmunoassay adjusted for comparability tomicrobiological assay) and a cutoff for higher risk of neural tube defect (NTD)–affected pregnancies (microbiological assay) (2, 3). These cutoffs are applied to data produced from many other methods and used to estimate the prevalence of inadequate folate status or to assess folate status of individuals in the clinic. In this issue of the Journal, Pfeiffer et al. (4) make a clear case for why the application of folate status cutoffs mismatched for the method used to produce the data being analyzed risks considerable misinterpretation. They provide illuminating examples in which the use of method-unadjusted cutoffs produces prevalence estimates of folate inadequacy that are drastically different from the method-adjusted estimates. Of note, particular subgroups within the population are more likely to be affected by misinterpretation depending on where they fall on the status distribution; for example, groups with a low prevalence of low folate status were more likely to have a larger extent of misinterpretation. It is clear that cutoffs for folate status must be appropriately applied to accurately estimate the prevalence of nutritional adequacy. But at the end of the day, for right or wrong, researchers can only use what is available to them while acknowledging methodologic limitations. I say this from experience: I used the cutoff for NTD risk to estimate the prevalence of Canadian women of childbearing age who may be at risk of folate-responsive NTDs in Canada with data produced by using an immunoassay (5). A conversion factor has since been developed (6), but at the time I had to choose between not reporting the data or reporting the data with acknowledgment of their methodologic limitations. Studies such as mine and others are not valueless. They allow for the identification of determinants of higher or lower nutritional status, and estimates of prevalence can be interpreted with caution assuming the limitations are reported transparently. These issues have broad implications. Public health programs and initiatives depend on accurate data to ensure that the right people are getting the right intervention. We cannot assess the effectiveness of public health interventions if we cannot accurately assess population nutritional status across time. And at the bedside, individuals may be misclassified, resulting in an inappropriate treatment of a nutritional deficiency that does not exist or the nontreatment of one that does. Until a systematic comparison of the variable and widely used methods and platforms is performed, and conversion factors are developed, the reality is that researchers will continue to use established cutoffs with the data they have, for better or worse. As a field, we have a choice: we can continue acknowledging methodologic limitations and rely on potentially inaccurate interpretation of our data or we can do something about it. Investments must be made in the pursuit


Acetaldehyde is a well‐know cytotoxin, and carcinogen. Detoxification of acetaldehyde, which is mainly carried out by the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), is crucial to human health. High levels of acetaldehydes are present in the saliva and in circulation after ethanol ingestion and likely contribute to the high incidence of esophageal cancer in alcoholics and in carriers of a common ALDH2 mutation (ALDH2*2) found in 540 million East Asians. Acetaldehyde is also partly responsible for behavior impairment following ethanol consumption. Therefore, means to accelerate acetaldehyde clearance will be beneficial for human health. We previously identified an activator of ALDH2 that accelerated acetaldehyde metabolism. Here we describe the recruitment of an additional ALDH isozyme, ALDH3A1, to accelerate the clearance of acetaldehyde by the use of a small molecule. ALDH2 is the main isozyme that metabolizes acetaldehyde in liver. In contrast, ALDH3A1, which is present in the stomach and mucosa of the esophagus, normally metabolizes aromatic aldehydes and is ineffective in metabolizing acetaldehyde. We identified a small molecule activator, Alda‐89, which increased the Kcat of ALDH3A1 for acetaldehyde and enhanced its catalysis. We showed that when given together with an ALDH2‐specific activator, Alda‐1, Alda‐89 induced a rapid reduction in blood ethanol and acetaldehyde levels after acute ingestion of ethanol in mice. Importantly, treatment with Alda‐1 and Alda‐89 also reduced behavioral impairment in both wild‐type and ALDH2*2 mice. The ability to recruit an enzyme to metabolize a substrate that it usually does not metabolize using a pharmacological agent may represent a novel strategy to increase metabolism of toxic agents, in vivo.


Field emission properties of carbon black, carbon black and silica, and diesel engine exhaust were investigated and compared to multiwall carbon nanotubes prepared in a similar manner. Sample preparation consisted of pressing the nanopowders into pellet form, dispersing them in isopropanol, or dispersing them in Shipley S1818 photoresist to achieve better adhesion to the substrates. Turn-on fields, at room temperature, ranged from 3–6 V/μm for the pressed and isopropanol prepared samples and shifted to 10–18 V/μm for the photoresist dispersed samples. At 120 °C, the turn-on fields for the photoresist dispersed samples shifted to lower values. This very strong temperature dependence is explained by a resonant Fowler–Nordheim tunneling model. It assumes that a thin barrier layer forms at the elevated temperatures due to outgassing/sublimation events. The macroscopic current densities reached for these samples are about 1–2 mA/cm2.


See related Letter to the Editor (p. 621). This Special Section constitutes an expansion of the results of the NIMH Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology (RUPP) efforts related to its multisite treatment study of fluvoxamine in children with anxiety disorders (Research Unit on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Anxiety Study Group, 2002). In the RUPP anxiety disorders study, 128 children with social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, or generalized anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to placebo or fluvoxamine treatment in an 8week, double-blind, parallel trial. Outcomes were assessed in the anxiety symptom domain at treatment endpoint. Study findings revealed that children assigned to fluvoxamine showed significant decreases in anxiety symptoms over time, accompanied by mild nausea and motor acti


ABSTRACT A knowledge-based system for grading carcass beef was developed in the 'C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS) environment. This carcass beef grading system gets facts about the carcass as input from the meat grader through a computer keyboard or a voice recognition subsystem, and performs recognize-act cycles to deduce the USDA quality and yield grades of the carcass. This system, which was ported on a Compaq Deskpro 386 computer, processes each carcass for its grades in real time, i.e., the final results of grades are given within a fraction of a second after the inputs are completed. This is a much improved system compared to the system previously developed with the Personal Consultant Plus (PC+) expert system shell. The system in PC+ ported on the same computer required more than 10 seconds to process each carcass. This article presents the implementation of the system in CLIPS as it differs in its inferencing mechanism, interfacing with an external input device, and performance, from the previous system developed in PC+.


Dates of Cruise: 15.05. – 30.05.2018
Areas of Research: Physical, chemical, biological and fishery oceanography
Port Calls: Riga. Latvia, 22.05.2018


Some current research being conducted on salmonid fishes at the Hanford nuclear complex on the Columbia River is discussed. Studies of thermal effects on reproduction and behavior include a 20-year annual census of spawning chinook salmon near reactor discharges, laboratory experiments on incubation and rearing success at elevated temperatures, studies of equilibrium loss prior to thermal death at lethal temperatures, tests of relative predation rates upon thermally shocked and normal young salmonids, and tracking sonic tagged adults to determine migration behavior near thermal outfalls.


OBJECTIVE
This retrospective study investigated the clinical and radiographic changes in the edentulous maxilla in patients with either ball or telescopic attachments of implantretained mandibular overdentures.

METHOD AND MATERIALS
Thirty-two completely edentulous patients (21 males and 11 females) received two implants in the canine region of the mandible. New maxillary complete dentures and mandibular overdentures were fabricated. Overdentures were connected to the implants either with ball (group 1, n = 16) or telescopic (group 2, n = 16) attachments. Retention and stability of the maxillary denture as well as mucosal changes of the maxillary ridge were recorded after 4 years of denturewearing. Traced rotational tomograms were used for measurements of maxillary alveolar bone loss. The proportional value between bone areas and areas of reference not subject to resorption was expressed as a ratio (R). Change in R immediately before (T0) and after 4 years (T4) of overdenture insertion was calculated for the anterior and posterior regions of the maxilla.

RESULTS
After 4 years of denture-wearing, maxillary denture retention was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2, while occurrence of flabby ridges was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1. The change in R of the anterior region of the maxilla was significantly higher than the change in the posterior region in both groups. Group 2 showed significant anterior residual ridge resorption compared to group 1.

CONCLUSION
Telescopic attachments for implant-retained mandibular overdentures are associated with increased maxillary ridge resorption and flabbiness, and decreased maxillary denture retention when compared to ball attachments.


Guidance improves compliance. Pharmacist stimulates proper use of loop diuretics in patient with heart failure Objective. To determine the efect of a pharmacist-led intervention on medication compliance in patients with heart failure. Design. Randomised controlled trial. Setting. 7 hospitals and 79 pharmacies in The Netherlands. Participants. Patients with heart failure (predominantly NYHA II and III) treated with loop diuretics, presenting to a cardiology outpatient clinic or admitted to hospital. Intervention. Patients in the intervention group received monthly consultations from their community pharmacist during a 6-month period. Patients in the control group received usual care. Main outcome measures. Primary endpoint was medication compliance, assessed with a Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS®), an electronic pill bottle that registers time of opening. Secondary endpoints were the number of re-hospitalisations and mortality. Results. 152 patients were randomised: 74 patients to the intervention group and 78 patients to the usual care group. Over the 6-month study period, patients in the intervention group had 140/7656 days without use of loop diuretics compared to 337/6196 days in the usual care group (relative risk 0,33 [CI 95% 0.24-0.38]). Two consecutive days of non-dosing occurred on 18/7656 days in the intervention group compared to 46/6196 days in the usual care group (relative risk 0,32 [CI 95% 0.19-0.55]). There were no signiGcant diferences in re-hospitalisations and mortality. Conclusion. A pharmacy-led intervention can improve medication compliance in patients with moderate to severe heart failure, even in those with relatively high compliance. Future interventions should also focus at less compliant patients. Correspondentie kan worden gericht aan dr. Marcel L. Bouvy, SIR, instituut voor farmaceutisch praktijkonderzoek, T. Mansholtstraat 5b, 2331 JE Leiden, e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com. Verbetering van therapietrouw is vaak verondersteld, maar de werkelijke therapietrouw werd zelden gemeten


At long last, Hernando de Soto has provided us with a sequel to his unparalleled tour-deforce The Other Path, which in merciless detail described and with cool judgment analyzed the astounding situation facing the poor in the Third World, who in fact have to fight an uphill battle against their own governments, with the only help they get from the West being trickle-down handouts. For, De Soto revealed, it was not the lack of energy or entrepreneurial capacity nor an invincible popular stupidity that produced the poverty in the Third World but governments, both national and foreign, that refused to recognize in their own citizens the spirit of entrepreneurship, their efforts to better themselves, their savings, their accumulated property, but rather wrote them off as shantytown riff-raff whose only hope was birth control. De Soto tore the lid off of this world and forever changed how we look at the poor in the Third World. And now he has published the further development of that book, purporting to provide a philosophical foundation for the phenomenon of capital, telling us again why it is the poor's last best hope, on the material plane, for the future.


R&D Organisations are key players in the knowledge economy and make major contributions to Australia's efforts to achieve and maintain competitive advantage. The explicit purpose of R&D organisations is to develop new knowledge and apply existing knowledge in new ways. Much of the R&D is carried out in temporary structures or project teams. Drawing upon theory and grounded in case based evidence, this paper explores how new forms of project management affect knowledge generating and application processes in R&D organisations. It appears that much of the knowledge generation and application occurs through taking advantage of almost naturally occurring oscillations between open and closed system practices over the course of projects. Theoretical and practical lessons and implications for further research are advanced.


Abstract  A new species, Sympherta curuivenica, sp. nov. collected in China is described and compared with the similar species Sympherta antilope (Gravenhorst).


This paper presents a sensor and its readout circuit suitable for contact-less temperature measurements. The sensor, designed employing a MEMS technology provided by STMicroelectronics, consists of a miniaturized micromachined silicon thermopile with 180-V/W responsivity, 540- $\text{k}\Omega $  output resistance, and 0.64-mm2 active absorbing area. The interface circuit, fabricated in a standard 130-nm CMOS process, employs chopper technique in order to provide amplification of the sensor output signal, which behaves substantially as a DC while minimizing offset and noise contributions at low frequency. Given the sensor characteristics, a single-ended architecture was preferred over the most straightforward fully-differential approach. The interface circuit reduces the offset by a factor 255, achieving an input referred offset standard deviation equal to 1.365  $\mu \text{V}$ , measured across 29 samples. The thermopile sensor and the interface circuit, integrated in two separate test-chips, were characterized and extensively measured both as stand-alone devices and together as a system to perform contact-less temperature measurements. Adding a metal cap to the thermopile sensor in order to reduce the environmental noise, a measurement accuracy of approximately ±0.2 °C was obtained, thus verifying the system suitability for human body temperature detection.


Self-esteem would appear to be a laudable quality. Indeed, from a superficial view, what could be wrong with esteeming the self? Esteeming oneself would seem akin to the other prescriptions of modern social-cognitive psychology: Be optimistic; hold positive illusions; expect success; feel efficacious; be happy. But like many of these "positive" prescriptions, the admonition to esteem oneself is more complex and problematic than it seems. We believe that Kernis (this issue), in working to disentangle the issues of level of self-esteem from its stability, has brought some of the problematic dynamics of "self-esteeming" into the forefront. Our comments, derived from both self-determination theory (SDT; Ryan & Deci, 2000) and Buddhist perspectives, suggest some reasons why. Extending the issues raised by Kernis, previous SDT formulations of contingent and noncontingent self-esteem (e.g., Deci & Ryan, 1995), and our recent findings concerning mindfulness (Brown & Ryan, 2003), we suggest that when self-esteeming processes are salient there is something awry with self-regulation, and with well-being. Based on SDT, we argue that, although self-evaluation is a "natural" human tendency with both evolutionary (Sedikedes & Skowronski, 2000) and developmental (Ryan & Kuzckowski, 1994) foundations, ongoing concern with the worth of the self is a byproduct of need deprivation or conflict. Specifically, the salience of processes in which the self is esteemed or disparaged is etiologically linked with the experience of contingent regard by significant others. We hypothesize that contingent regard increases one's proneness to introjection, a form of behavioral regulation in which one's actions are motivated by desires to gain (or not lose) self or other approval. Introjection, in turn, leaves one vulnerable to exogenous social pressures, the pursuit of unfulfilling goals, and the inauthentic living that can follow from them. Based on Buddhist perspectives, we further suggest that regulation based on mindfulness, rather than on contingent self-regard, is associated with healthier and more vital living, and provides a basis for acting more authentically.


This report describes and discusses the design of a client-server system from a security point of view. The main topics are authentication and data security which can be divided into secure transfer and secure storage. Authentication is the act where the server and the user prove their knowledge of a shared secret to each other. The shared secret can be of three different types, something you know, something you have or something you are. When talking about a software system a combination of something you know and something you have, for example a password and a hardware token, is the best choice for a system where high security is important. To be able to authenticate without revealing the secret to the other party or any external party an algorithm that uses techniques from public key cryptography and have a similar design as a Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange is used. Data security is dependent on mainly two properties, confidentiality and integrity, and if both of them can be guaranteed the data is considered secure. Confidentiality is provided by symmetric key encryption and integrity is provided by either a message digest or a MAC.


Detail and Daring is a research report about the beauty and challenges of intergenerational arts projects. The report was launched with a seminar at Clifford Chance LLP in November and looks in particular at our Weekend at Wilton's project which finished with an intergenerational cabaret in May 2012. The research is framed around two key questions: How do different art forms enable the building of relationships in an intergenerational setting? · What is the impact on a creative project of a partnership that brings with it a high profile performance opportunity?


The leaf extract of Acalypha indica with different solvents viz., acetone, chloroform, hexane, petroleum ether and ethanol were tested for larvicidal, oviposition deterrent and repellent activities against the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Larval mortality was observed and recorded after 24 h exposure period. In the present study, bioassay-guided fraction of Acalypha indica led to the separation and identification of a saponin as a potential mosquito larvicidal compound, with LC50 and LC90 value of 128.24, 230.40 ppm against Aedes aegypti, and 248.44, 447.19 ppm against An. stephensi and 228.6, 411.48 ppm against Cx. quinquefasciatus respectively. In oviposition deterrent activity, the highest concentration of (0.1%) Acalypha indica produce (99.4%) against Aedes aegypti, 98.0% against Aedes aegypti and 97.5 % against Culex quinquefasciatus respectively. Skin repellent test at 0.02 ppm concentration of Acalypha indica gives the complete protection time ranges from 68.4 to 122 minutes. The plant exerted the highest protection time of 126.2 minutes. GC-MS analysis data confirmed the identification of the active compound. This study investigates the potential of crude extracts from commonly used medical herbs in India as an environmentally safe measure to control the vector of dengue, malaria, and lymphatic filariasis.


Quality seed improvement in rice (Oryza sativa L.)through a series of seed-processing machines was investigated during the rainy season 2000-2001. The processing machines proved an efficient tool in producing quality seeds. The  consistent and higher seed quality (germination 93% and physical purity 99.9%) could be achieved by efficient use of processing machines. The product and separate (reject) form individual machines were analysed to evaluate machine efficiency in separating the seed components as well as impurities from the harvested lot. The air-screen machines were found effective in remocintg dead seeds, whearease specific gravity separator removed abnormal seeds significantly. Gradual rice in seed quality was recorede with decrease in recovery in the processing line. Seeds significantly. Gradual rise in seed quality was recorded with decrease in recovery in the processing line. Seed loss in reject port was always associated with handling of seed lots by each machine. The total seed loss was observed only 1.30%. Specific gravity separator was found essential for the seed lot of medium-term storage (for 2 or more seasons) or for the buffer stocking. Matgenatical indices for cleaning efficiency, separation efficiency and process effiency were computed form the basic data to determine machine performance. X-ray imaging was unsed to evaluate instant seed quality and invisible damages in ht e well as rejects at each stages of processing line.


Detecting anomaly behaviors is one of the most challenging tasks for Information Systems (IS) administrators. The anomaly behavior is defined as any behavior from either inside or outside of the organization's information system that deviates from normal; this includes insider attacks as well as any behavior that threatens the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the organization's information systems. One of the strategies to detect an anomalous behavior is to create a clustering or classification model by utilizing data mining methodologies. The models could be generated from previous historical data or it could be based on current data. Although these models could identify normal and abnormal behavior, they couldn't satisfy the growing demand for better information security. The primary drawback of using these methods are a high rate of false positive; the model becomes outdated and there is high demand to maintain the models' integrity; and they have low response rate. This study attempts to overcome some of the disadvantages in the current data mining models, which have been used to detect anomaly behaviors. Moreover this research will attempt to introduce a model that utilizes stream data mining to actively monitor network traffic for anomaly detection.


Research on the international dimension of authoritarianism and democratization has focused on patron-client interaction. This article identifies a specific type of international involvement that is characterized by geopolitical competition. In "international competitive involvement," multiple rival countries intervene simultaneously and oppositely to support opposing sides during a political transition, namely the military and a faction from the civilian actors. Drawing on evidence from Egypt, Sudan, and Myanmar, I develop a theoretical framework for this type of international involvement and argue that it significantly enhances the military's repressive capacity and hardens its negotiation position. While the military in cases of non-competitive support perceives of bargaining as a potential option, competitive involvement forecloses the bargaining option as repression becomes the most viable course of action for the military.


Tables are ubiquitous in digital libraries and on the Web, utilized to satisfy various types of data delivery and document formatting goals. For example, tables are widely used to present experimental results or statistical data in a condensed fashion in scientific documents. Identifying and organizing tables of different types is an absolutely necessary task for better table understanding, and data sharing and reusing. This paper has a three-fold contribution: 1) We propose Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion (IMRAD)-based table functional classification for scientific documents; 2) A fine-grained table taxonomy is introduced based on an extensive observation and investigation of tables in digital libraries; and 3) We investigate table characteristics and classify tables automatically based on the defined taxonomy. The preliminary experimental results show that our table taxonomy with salient features can significantly improve scientific table classification performance.


The paper presents the design and the experimental study of a prototype of frequency converter powered by single phase voltage designed to control three-phase induction motor for the needs of the Laboratory of electric drives of the Technical University - Varna. A number of tasks related to the design of the basic elements of the frequency converter as a bridge rectifier, bridge inverter and driver board are determinate and solved. A special programming of the converter is realized concerning different operating regimes of the three-phase induction motor. In addition, numerous experiments are conducted with the real-made prototype.


This is a product of a research project on Distortions to Agricultural Incentives, under the leadership of Kym Anderson of the World Bank's Development Research Group (www.worldbank.org/agdistortions). The author is grateful to Anara Jumabayeva of the FAO for allowing use her PSE-style support estimates for wheat, to Maurizio Guadagni for useful comments and for sharing preliminary results from the World Bank's Agricultural Policy Assessment (JERP), and to Olga Melyukhina and Andrzej Kwiecinski of the OECD who provided generous advice and guidance on calculating support estimates. The author is grateful too for helpful comments from workshop participants and for funding from the World Bank's Europe and Central Asia Department and Trust Funds provided by the governments of Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands (BNPP) and the United Kingdom (DfID).


To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to provide national estimates of medical expenditures for all adult cancer survivors aged <65 years. Most studies of expenditures for cancer survivors in this age group have been based on the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) and were limited to "affected survivors."


ABSTRACT Given urgent need for culturally competent early childhood educators and the strategic encouragement by colleges for students to travel internationally, this analysis focuses on the question: What is the relationship between international experiences and preservice early childhood educators' cultural competence? More specifically, three questions were examined: 1) What theories are applied to explain this relationship? 2) What pedagogical strategies are most frequently used during international experiences to develop cultural competence among preservice educators? and 3) What evidence is provided that preservice educators changed (if at all) as a consequence of international experiences? PRISMA analysis of the literature from 2002 to 2016 revealed pedagogical strategies such as immersion and critical reflection led to preservice educators' self-reports of gains in personal and professional growth, cultural awareness, cultural sensitivity, and cultural competence. Faculty using international travel to develop cultural competence should consider engaging preservice educators in higher order thinking assignments before, during, and after international experiences.


Traffic flow detection is a key technology in intelligent transportation system.In order to detect traffic flow accurately,stably,easily,a kind of traffic video image detection system based on FPGA is designed.In this system,FPGA,image sensors,and network control chip and so on are used to build hardware platform.The acquisition controlling module,SDRAM controlling module,chroma space conversion module,interface module and display control module are designed in the FPGA and each module is simulated.The function of collection to send of traffic flow video information is realized.The display of video monitoring image and traffic flow detection are realized in the PC.Debugging results show that the system can well complete traffic flow video acquisition,display and detection and it has reached the design requirements.


Anti-reflective compositions and methods of using these compositions to form circuits are provided. The compositions comprise a polymer dissolved or dispersed in a solvent system. Preferred polymers include polycarbonates, polysulfonyl esters, polycarbonate sulfones, and mixtures thereof. The compositions can be applied to a silicon wafer or other substrate to form a cured or hardened layer which is initially insoluble in typical photoresist developing solutions. Upon exposure to light, the cured or hardened layers become soluble in photoresist developing solutions so that the layer can be selectively removed along with the developed photoresist layer, thus eliminating the need for a separate removal step.


Based on elaborate geological structural interpretation of seismic profiles,this paper analyzes in details the controlling of fault activity to development of central uplift zone and marine cratonic evolution of Tarim basin.The research indicates that there are mainly three episodes of fault systems:the middle Caledonian orogeny I episode,the middle Caledonian orogeny II episode and the mid-late Himalayan(since Late Miocene).These fault systems controlled the tectonic evolution of central uplift zone and migration of upliftsag,in which Bachu uplift experienced back-bulge ramp in the mid-late of Caledonian period,forebulge in the Hercynian-Yanshanian period and the latest compressional fault uplift in the mid-late of Himalayan period,Tazhong uplift started at the first episode of Caledonian period and formed at the second episode of Caledonian period and Tadong uplift started and formed at the second episode of Caledonian period.The evolution of marine cratonic basin is divided into three periods which are formation,disintegration and extinction. Analysis shows that the fault system of Caledonian I and Caledonian II episodes resulted in breakup of Tarim marine cratonic basin.


Designing methods for assessment of data and information quality is a relatively new and rather difficult problem. This paper presents a new approach for data and information quality assessment in the possibilistic framework based on Choquet Integral. The aim is not only to estimate data or information quality but also to differentiate between two quality degrees that are very close. The methodology of the Choquet integral is extended to the possibilistic framework. The proposed approach is validated using both: synthetic data and benchmark datasets. The experimental results clearly show that the proposed approach is able to assess the quality of the considered data and information.


Community forests are a crucial component of farming systems and people's livelihoods in the rural middle hills of Nepal, where the population depends upon the forest for fuelwood, fodder, and leaf litter for their daily needs. This study aims to assess the perception of community forest user groups towards their postearthquake situations by using the five forms of capital from the sustainable livelihood framework. It further analyzes whether forest user's attitudes towards forest conservation have changed or not. In addition to household interviews with 68 earthquake-affected households and extensive visits to the study area, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were conducted. This study confirms that the community forest user groups perceived negative effects on the natural, physical, human, and financial capitals, whereas they perceived a positive effect on social capital after the earthquake. Controlled access to forest products, such as timber collection during the recovery phase, restricted their resilience, although nontimber forest products supported it. Low agricultural production because of the scarcity of water for irrigation, as well as the soil infertility because of the landslides, caused local people to shift towards nonagricultural activities for income generation. Further, out-migration for job opportunities resulted in an inflow of remittances and, thus, manpower shortages were observed. Our results show that, despite facing the postdisaster impact on their livelihoods, 92% of the respondents were found to be positive towards forest conservation. This was because of their emotional attachment to the forest and the benefits received from the forest in the past. Local institutional policies and mechanisms must be strengthened to provide communities with the knowledge, skills, and practices for effective postdisaster recovery or for upcoming disasters, as well as the benefits of promoting sustainable forest conservation.


Recent developments in wireless sensor networks include their applications in safety, medical monitoring, environment monitoring and many more. Limited battery energy and efficient data delivery are most considered constraints for sensor nodes. Depletion of node battery ceases functioning of the node. The network lifetime can be enhanced with the help of Multi-Layer protocol (ML-MAC). This paper presents a practical approach including 3-dimensional deployment of sensor nodes and analyzes two different types of networks – homogeneous and heterogeneous WSNs. To analyze various QoS parameters, two types of nodes are considered in a heterogeneous network. The performance of both the networks is compared through simulations. The results show that MLMAC performs better for a 3D heterogeneous WSNs. Keywords—heterogeneous WSN, homogeneous WSN, ML-MAC, QualNet 6.1 Network Simulator, Wireless Sensor Networks.


Introduction Contemporary anxiety disorders are the main medical problem. Objectives On the basis of complex psychopatological, pathopsychological research, were obtained reasons and conditions of formation, psychopathological structure, syndrome peculiarities, emotional disfunctions of patients on episodic paroxismal and generalized anxiety disorders and mixed anxiously depressed disorders. Methods The basic method was a group psychotherapy with the elements of rational, positive, suggestive and family psychotherapy. In relation to disfunctions of emotional sphere, CBT was used for the phobic-depressive and anxious-depressive syndroms. Results 180 anxiety disorders patients were examined, by the stationary course of treatment.Decrease of general level of anxiety and internal anxiety was obtained for most patients. No spontaneous emergence of fear was practically observed. While active interviewing, patients stated that their former worries and fears have lost actuality and apparent emotional colouring become. Considerable reduction of symptomatic of the depressed circle also took place, patients started to feel joy and optimism. Conclusions To correct emotional disfunction of patients with episodic paroxismal disorders, generalized anxiety disorders and mixed anxiously depressed disorders, psychotherapeutic correction system is optimal to use, which is built based on stepwise and multimodal principles. Disclosure No significant relationships.


Purpose: Little is known about how disease risk score (DRS) development should proceed under different pharmacoepidemiologic follow-up strategies. In an analysis of dabigatran vs. warfarin and risk of major bleeding, we compared the results of DRS adjustment when models were developed under "intention-to-treat" (ITT) and "as-treated" (AT) approaches. Methods: We assessed DRS model discrimination, calibration, and ability to induce prognostic balance via the "dry run analysis". AT treatment effects stratified on each DRS were compared with each other and with a propensity score (PS) stratified reference estimate. Bootstrap resampling of the historical cohort at 10 percent–90 percent sample size was performed to assess the impact of sample size on DRS estimation. Results: Historically-derived DRS models fit under AT showed greater decrements in discrimination and calibration than those fit under ITT when applied to the concurrent study population. Prognostic balance was approximately equal across DRS models (–6 percent to –7 percent "pseudo-bias" on the hazard ratio scale). Hazard ratios were between 0.76 and 0.78 with all methods of DRS adjustment, while the PS stratified hazard ratio was 0.83. In resampling, AT DRS models showed more overfitting and worse prognostic balance, and led to hazard ratios further from the reference estimate than did ITT DRSs, across sample sizes. Conclusions: In a study of anticoagulant safety, DRSs developed under an AT principle showed signs of overfitting and reduced confounding control. More research is needed to determine if development of DRSs under ITT is a viable solution to overfitting in other settings.


A simulation design was used to test the validity of the SIRS as a structured interview for the assessment of malingering. A correctional sample (25 simulators and 26 controls) was compared to previous validation research (Rogers et al., 1989) which had employed clinical and community samples. RESULTS indicated that six of the 13 SIRS scales, as well as overall item endorsement, differed consistently between honest and simulating/malingering conditions across correctional, clinical, and community settings. In addition, the suggestion that sociopaths may be more effective malingerers was not supported by the SIRS data. Language: en


The world context of scientific research and technological development has changed radically in the last few decades. The keen international competition now affecting new technologies largely explains why the OECD countries are intent on developing the resources allocated to R&D activities and using them more efficiently. In connection with human resources, the industrialised countries increasingly wish, in such a context, to have a sufficient number of suitably qualified research staff. In the past, many countries have experienced problems in this area, with shortages of qualified personnel in certain disciplines and surplus supply in others or at certain educational levels. Efforts have been made to forecast future supply of and demand for high-level research staff, and a number of countries have taken various kinds of action in order to alleviate problems that have occurred or to forestall difficulties that could occur without corrective action. Realising the value of exchanging information on experience in this field, the OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry, through its Committee on Science and Technology Policy and its Group on Scientific and University Research, has undertaken a study of action by OECD Member countries to ensure an appropriate supply of qualified research staff. This report is the result of work undertaken by OECD in the framework of its study on "Assessing the Availability of and Need for Research Manpower." It is divided into two parts. Part I is a survey report on Member Countries' Experience. Part II presents the conclusions of a Workshop on this issue which was held at OECD in Paris on October 24-25, 1988. Included with Part II is a set of summary analyses of the Workshop papers.


Selective Toxicity is an exposition of the many chemical and biological principles that allow drugs to act selectively. To incorporate both pharmacodynamics and chemotherapy into the discussion, a rather broad definition of "selective toxicity" is adopted ..."the injury of one kind of living matter without harming another kind...."); thus propranolol is viewed as a reversible antagonist (injurer) of A-receptors and penicillin as an irreversible injurer of gram-positive bacteria. Chapters are built around the mechanisms of and principles behind selectivity, and examples are chosen from past and present pharmacopoeias to illustrate the reduction of theory to practice. For instance, the penicillins are discussed in the chapters on comparative cytology (structure of bacterial cell walls), principles of chemotherapy (problem of resistant organisms), covalent bonds (details of acylation of cell wall components), and steric factors (reactivity of the ,3-lactam ring). Albert's writing is crisp and remarkably jargon-free. The readability of Selective Toxicity is commendable, but occasionally mechanisms are summarized too tersely, neatly, and uncritically, and the novice may be led to believe that drugs are more selective than they really are. Cardiac glycosides are said to have a "direct and selective action on heart muscle"; no discussion of their neurotoxic side effects appears. Chloramphenicol is said to "specifically inhibit protein synthesis in bacterial ribosomes"; the occasional action on human bone marrow leading to aplastic anemia is not mentioned. As for drug design gone awry, thalidomide's teratogenic action is only mentioned once, in passing, in one sentence in the book. Specialists and careful readers will find a few technical errors in the text. Notable ones occur in the discussion of Lineweaver-Burk plots (Km is not "shown at the intersection of slope and ordinate") and in the chapter on steric factors (after a lucid discussion of the rectus/sinister convention, the structures of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are drawn correctly, but the configurations are misassigned). Selective Toxicity is not a comprehensive treatment of either medicinal chemistry or pharmacology and cannot be recommended as the principal text in a course in either discipline. But selected chapters are highly recommended as stimulating supplementary reading. Albert's book illustrates, over and over again, how seemingly irrelevant work in organic chemistry and comparative biochemistry can lead to medical advances. In an era of diminished funds for basic research, this point cannot be made too often.


Efficient administration, monitoring and troubleshooting is a challenge in the modern IT setting. Proactive action is preferable to reactive, while aiming for a better understanding of the underlying components in the IT infrastructure, thereby minimizing downtime in services. The purpose of this thesis is to set up a centralized log management and monitoring system for the IT infrastructure of the client, Swedish society of literature in Finland. This system will be built on the Elastic stack, an open source software suite. The suite consists mainly of three parts; Elasticsearch that indexes data, Logstash/Beats for ingestion of data and Kibana for graphic interface and visualization. This system's purpose is to help the IT staff in making it faster and easier to identify and troubleshoot problems. An alerting function will also be implemented, where the system will alert the IT staff by email under specified circumstances. The thesis consists of four parts. First, the IT infrastructure is described and what challenges there are in modern system administration. In the second part, Elastic stack and its components are examined. The third part consists of the actual implementation of Elastic stack, data is ingested into Elasticsearch and visualizations created in Kibana, as well as alerting. The last part of the thesis consists of evaluation of the new system, including user-friendliness and actual usefulness in system administration. This is done via receiving feedback from the IT team. Lastly, a look into the future where further implementation of the system is evaluated.


Products manufactured in aseptic processing clean rooms environments include pharmaceutical sterile products, bulk sterile drug substances, sterile intermediates, excipients, and, in certain cases, medical devices. Aseptic processing environments are far more critical in terms of patient risk. Aseptic processing relies on the exclusion of microorganisms from the process stream and the prevention of microorganisms from entering open containers during processing. Hence, the microbial load of manufacturing environment i s important factors governing the risk of unacceptable microbial contamination.


The present invention relates to a method and system for providing mobile service stamp through integration with point-of-sale system. The present invention stamp POS server to receive the event and sends the information relating to coupons earned status in the event of an offer, marketing services; To receive information about offers and earn Status organize and store coupons and earn status and collects and generates information for marketing services and provides marketing services and customer care to provide coupons management services to transmit information on the stamp event server; And customer management using the information to a short message service on the stamp an event occurs at the request of a server and transmitted to the mobile communication terminal, at the request of the mobile communication terminal using a wireless Internet service to the mobile communication network to connect the customer management server to provide mobile marketing services provider stamp system comprises. According to the present invention, in the case of mobile subscribers it may lead to coupons management becomes easier if the merchant has not only able to perform a variety of marketing through the CRM analysis of customers and new customers, customer acquisition opportunities. Mobile stamps, coupons, marketing, CRM, POS


Micro grids are small-scale electricity supply networks that have local power generation. Micro grid became one of the key spot in research on distributed energy systems.Micro grids are capable of both generating their own electric power with small-scale distributed generation (micro sources) and receiving/exporting power to the main utility grid. In this paper a control strategy for inverter based MG which can ensure stability and proper power sharing among the inverters, in islanded mode, is proposed. A MG can be operated in two modes, grid connected and islanded mode. Each mode has its own control strategy. Microgrid (MG), mainly inverter based, are gaining more and moreimportance as they can accommodate various types of DGs effectively and for their superior power quality. A MG can be operated in two modes, grid connected and islanded mode. Each mode has its own control strategy. The general control philosophy within a micro grid is that sources must rely only on local information, yet must cooperate with other sources. To accomplish that goal, the proposed controller uses droop characteristics for active-power/frequency and reactive-power/voltage. The proposed control strategy is based on the use of a phase locked loop to measure the micro grid frequency at the inverter terminals, and to facilitate regulation of the inverter phase relative to the micro grid. This control strategy allows micro grids to seamlessly transition between grid-connected and autonomous operation, and vice versa. The controller has been implemented in an actual micro grid that incorporated multiple sources.The main objective of the proposed controller is to inject a clean sinusoidal current to the grid, even in the presence of nonlinear/unbalanced loads and/or grid-voltage distortions. The repetitive control technique is adopted because it can deal with a very large number of harmonics simultaneously with fuzzy logic controller  by using Matlab/Simulink.


CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW CHAPTER 3: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS • Contextual Theories: Liberalism • Soft Power • Globalization and Sports • Traditional Diplomacy vs. Public Diplomacy CHAPTER 4: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND • Russia and Brazil: Emerging Powers and the role of the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup • Ping Pong Diplomacy: The United States and People's Republic of China • Cricket Diplomacy: India and Pakistan • Aftermath of the "Football War": Honduras and El Salvador • South Africa and the 1995 Rugby World Cup CHAPTER 5: EVALUATION OF CASES CHAPTER 6: FUTURE OF SPORTS DIPLOMACY AND CONCLUSION


Through dividing thermal reservoir strata of Zhengzhou City,the author discussed the distribution and characteristics and the present situation and their existed questions of the four thermal reservoir strata,the author also put forward the proposal of how to develop and utilize the geothermal resources.


This paper presents an array diagnosis method using amplitude-only far-field data robust against array mismatch. The considered array mismatch includes frequency shifting error and element position error. The erroneous array manifold is approximated by its first-order Taylor series expansion. To restore the actual array excitation, a convex optimization problem minimizing the  $\ell _{2}$ -norm of the array excitation vector based on Gaussian probability distribution is formulated. Besides, the prior knowledge on ideal array excitation and array mismatch are utilized to facilitate array excitation restoration. The alternating direction method of multipliers which performs well with the large-scale data is applied to solve the proposed optimization problem. Computer simulations are conducted to verify the validity and superiority of the proposed method. It is shown that in the presence of array mismatch, the proposed method provides better accuracy of the restored array excitation and smaller diagnosis error rate than the method which does not consider array mismatch. Furthermore, results using experimental data are also included to verify the validity of the proposed method.


This paper presents a 65nm mm-wave transmitter efficiently supporting QPSK modulation and phased array functionality with a proposed oscillator modulation technique. The design delivers an average output power of 1mW at 10Gb/s and 0.8mW at 14Gb/s while consuming 21.5mA DC current from a 1V supply. At 10Gb/s, an overall transmitter efficiency of 4.65% is achieved, representing ~1.8X improvement over prior art [1].


This paper aims to chronicle the impact of human groups on the ecology of an upland area in N. E. Yorkshire during the last thousand years or so of the Atlantic period (Flandrian II of the UK chronozone system) and the transition into the succeeding Sub-Boreal (Flandrian III) at the decline of Ulmus pollen which is prevalent throughout western Europe at c. 5000 B.P. This investigation differs from many predecessors because it includes a detailed examination of the stratigraphy of the relevant sediments and has many more analysed profiles within a small area than is customary. The conclusions drawn about the vegetation and its dynamics are more firmly grounded spatially than some earlier work. Comments are made on the nature of the closed canopy forest, the likely whereabouts of at least one burn, the mosaic of vegetation types after several fire episodes, and the environment into which agriculture appears to have been introduced.


This article provides a case study of a drop-in center serving homeless youth, focusing on staff-client conflict. It is the result of approximately 200 hours of ethnographic research and in-depth interviews with staff members. This article explores how and why staff actively utilize the exclusionary practices of withdrawal, nonengagement, and silencing. Second, it examines how these practices, which are meant to be therapeutic and prevent conflict, paradoxically create, sustain, and escalate much of the staff-client conflict within the center, forcing staff to rely heavily on expulsion to maintain control of clients. A closing example is offered as evidence.


The Reverend Walter Bidlake, MA, FRAS, JP (1865-1938) was vicar of Crewe, England, for some 21 years. A member of the BAA, he was a keen amateur astronomer with an interest in celestial photography. At the request of another well-known BAA member, T.H.E.C. Espin, Bidlake took photographs of the night sky in support of Espin's search for dark nebulae in the Milky Way. This paper describes Bidlake's astronomical activities and life, including a high profile libel case he brought.


The paper contains the system representation of tasks for the research activities of a Master's student in Pedagogy aimed at developing competencies of research activity. The system of tasks is built on the basis of the models of competences of research activity for Master of Pedagogy. The system analysis of research activities of Master's student was made. The types of research activities and tasks to develop them were defined. On the basis of the structural analysis the order of tasks was described. The functional analysis enabled to reveal the functions of the system of tasks ensuring the development of graduate competencies in research activities and providing the necessary skills for conducting an individual research in pedagogy. Genetic analysis helped to increase the level of graduate competencies in research by gradually changing the level of task difficulty. The system of tasks was developed and tested in the educational process by the method of expert estimates. The system properties of the tasks were identified: integrity, continuity, intersubject nature, collective pedagogical support tasks, effectiveness and practical professional significance. The structure of the research activity results for Master student in Pedagogy is given.


This chapter outlines the work Australia has done to achieve the vision of an open, shared architecture in health care. It reviews the key milestones of the national eHealth agenda: from the formation of an integrated infrastructure and development of common standards, to the development of the Personally Controlled Electronic Health Record to increase consumers' engagement and control over their medical information. LinkToContentAt: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264202863-9-en Knowledge Type: Thematic report [1] Other Tag: knowledge flows [2] health sector [3] health care [4] adoption [5] policy goals [6] information exchange [7] welfare [8] administrative framework [9] legal protection [10] funding arrangements [11] Parent URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264202863-en [12]


Internet Protocol version six (IPv6) is more secure than its forerunner, Internet Protocol version four (IPv4). IPv6 introduces several new protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol version six (ICMPv6), an essential protocol to the IPv6 networks. However, it exposes IPv6 networks to some security threats since ICMPv6 messages are not verified or authenticated, and they are mandatory messages that cannot be blocked or disabled. One of the threats currently facing IPv6 networks is the exploitation of ICMPv6 messages by malicious actors to execute distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. Therefore, this paper proposes a deep-learning-based approach to detect ICMPv6 flooding DDoS attacks on IPv6 networks by introducing an ensemble feature selection technique that utilizes chi-square and information gain ratio methods to select significant features for attack detection with high accuracy. In addition, a long short-term memory (LSTM) is employed to train the detection model on the selected features. The proposed approach was evaluated using a synthetic dataset for false-positive rate (FPR), detection accuracy, F-measure, recall, and precision, achieving 0.55%, 98.41%, 98.39%, 97.3%, and 99.4%, respectively. Additionally, the results reveal that the proposed approach outperforms the existing approaches.


Purpose of review The review is intended to describe the most recent evidence surrounding the use of hydroxyapatite-coated uncemented femoral stems. Recent findings Until recently, the research on hydroxyapatite-coated femoral stems has been limited to retrospective and prospective studies with short-term follow-up. Recently, several authors have published 10–15-year follow-up data that are very promising. Hydroxyapatite is a good adjunct for fostering bony ingrowth and ongrowth of femoral components. This in turn results in less pain, faster onset of implant stability, and a lower incidence of aseptic loosening. Summary A proximally coated press-fit femoral component augmented with a hydroxyapatite coating provides predictable outcome and may be favored as a state of the art or gold standard for primary hip arthroplasty.


The filamentous cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya boryana has the ability to fix nitrogen without any heterocysts under microoxic conditions. Previously, we identified the cnfR gene for a master transcriptional activator for nitrogen fixation (nif) genes in a 50‐kb gene cluster containing nif and nif‐related genes in L. boryana. We showed that CnfR activates the transcription of nif genes in response to low oxygen conditions, which allows the oxygen‐vulnerable enzyme nitrogenase to function. However, the regulatory mechanism that underlies regulation by CnfR remains unknown. In this study, we identified a conserved cis‐acting element that is recognized by CnfR. We established a reporter system in the non‐diazotrophic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 using luciferase genes (luxAB). Reporter analysis was performed with a series of truncated and modified upstream regulatory regions of nifB and nifP. The cis‐element can be divided into nine motifs I–IX, and it is located 76 bp upstream of the transcriptional start sites of nifB and nifP. Six motifs of them are essential for transcriptional activation by CnfR. This cis‐acting element is conserved in the upstream regions of nif genes in all diazotrophic cyanobacteria, including Anabaena and Cyanothece, thereby suggesting that the transcriptional regulation by CnfR is widespread in nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria.


This study presents a lexical semantic analysis of the French verb blaguer and related expressions. This verb belongs to a suite of "French humour practices", and French-English dictionaries translate it as 'to joke'. However, Anglo-specific terminology such as "joke" does not match the conceptual semantics of blaguer and its related noun blague. Relying on Anglospecific terms to categorise culture-specific practices perpetuates conceptual and terminological Anglocentrism. This study furthers the call to avoid the dangers of sustaining Anglocentrism in the theoretical vocabulary of humour studies (Goddard & Mullan 2020; Goddard 2018; Wierzbicka 2014a). Working from the assumption that semantic categories reflect particular ways of speaking, thinking, and behaving, this study's goal is to capture the insider perspective that French speakers have about the meaning of the verb blaguer and the noun blague. Making local understandings more obvious and accessible to cultural and linguistic outsiders will increase cross-cultural understanding and foster appreciation for the different ways that speakers construct and interpret their world with words (Levisen & Waters 2017). The analytical tool for this study is the technique of semantic explication couched in the simple cross-translatable and culture-neutral words of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (Goddard & Wierzbicka 2014). Carefully chosen example sentences are drawn from Google searches (google.fr) of authentic language use of the verb blaguer and the noun blague. Comparative reference is made to the verb 'to joke' from Australian English to highlight the differences in the conversational humour cultures of French and English speakers (Goddard & Mullan 2020; Béal & Mullan 2013, 2017).


Autoimmune disorders are characterized by lymphocyte infiltration and destruction of affected tissues. Lysophospholipids are small, relatively simple phospholipids derived from cell membranes that have been shown over the last decade to produce a wide range of effects through cognate G protein-coupled receptors, and include sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which is the focus of this review, as well as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). S1P1, a sphingosine 1-phosphate lysophospholipid receptor, is essential for lymphocyte egress from the thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissues. Here we review how changes in S1P1-receptor expression and S1P concentration affect lymphocyte trafficking. In particular, we focus on mechanisms that involve S1P1 through its removal via genetic deletion and inhibition via pharmacological intervention, which provide a foundation for potentially useful approaches to the treatment of autoimmune disease based on lysophospholipid signaling modulation. Recent advances in our understanding of how...


Digital video is one of the popular multimedia data exchanged in the internet. Commercial activity on the internet and media require protection to enhance security. The encryption with a digital watermark is a widely interesting research in the security field. Proposed method is Invisible non-blind video watermarking which provides three way securities for the confidential information hided in the video. Logo image and text data are watermarked on a single video frame. The Logo image is hided on the cover image using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD).Watermarked logo image is transformed using one level two dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform. The text data is encrypted using the chaotic text encryption and Encrypted data is watermarked using LSB two bit encoding. The encrypted text is hided on to the LL sub-band of watermarked logo image. Original video is reconstructed with the watermarked frame. In the reverse process, authorized user is allowed to extract the Watermark logo and text data. Proposed method is convenient, feasible and practically can be used for copyright protection. Comparison between single level SVD decomposition for logo image watermarking and proposed method that uses multilevel watermarking techniques to provide strong security for text and image are done.