Aspect mining is a reverse engineering process that aims at mining legacy systems to discover crosscutting concerns to be refactored into aspects. This process improves system reusability and maintainability. But, locating crosscutting concerns in legacy systems manually is very difficult and causes many errors. So, there is a need for automated techniques that can discover crosscutting concerns in source code. Aspect mining approaches are automated techniques that vary according to the type of crosscutting concerns symptoms they search for. Code duplication is one of such symptoms which risks software maintenance and evolution. So, many code clone detection techniques have been proposed to find this duplicated code in legacy systems. In this paper, we present a clone detection technique to extract exact clones from object-oriented source code using Differential File Comparison Algorithm (DIFF) to improve system reusability and maintainability which is a major objective of aspect mining.


We propose and demonstrate a spin-filter diode based on semimagnetic semiconductor ZnSe/Zn1−xMnxSe/Zn1−yMnySe/ZnSe heterostructures. It is found that the degree of spin polarization greatly depends on the electric field direction and its magnitude. There is significant difference of the spin polarization between under forward bias and under reverse bias. It is also found that the spin polarization will reverse under relatively small magnetic field, which is originated from resonant enhancement effect for spin-up electrons tunneling through effective steplike potential of the corresponding structure.


Professional thin-walled hole boring bar is developed,and the stiffness of boring bar is enhanced by using the damping block and guiding bar.The tool geometry angles are improved to control the chip shape,and the installed angle of tools is adjusted to reduce the deformation of arbor and workpiece.


This paper suggests Australia's economic exposure to China creates three distinct risks: a Chinese growth shock that comes with a 'hard landing', a structural shift towards less import and natural resources–intensive Chinese growth, and the Chinese Government disrupting trade ties for coercive purposes. With external demand for Australia's goods and services largely exogenous, the scope to mitigate these risks by reducing exposure to China, without resorting to costly market intervention, is limited. At the same time, the probability and scale of each risk should not be overstated. Further undercutting the case for an intrusive public policy approach is the fact that effective mitigation mechanisms exist for the Australian economy as a whole, as well as for many businesses.


The proximate composition and biochemical constituents were analysed in the muscle tissue of penaeid prawns selected in the present investigation namely Peaneus monodon, P. indicus, P. semisulcatus, Litopenaeus vannamei, Metapenaeus monoceros and M. dobsoni. The Crude protein, Carbohydrate, Lipid, Moisture, Ash, Free amino acids, Free Fatty acids including Saturated, Mono-Unsaturated and Poly-Unsaturated Fatty acids quantified in the muscle tissue of Penaeid Prawns clearly demonstrates the nutritional status of edible Portion of prawns i.e., muscle tissue for human consumption due to its possessing of good quality of Proteins, higher amounts of free amino acids, lower amounts of fats. From the results obtained in the present investigation, it inferred that all the Penaeid prawns selected are supposed to have the ideal nutritional ingredients hence are considered as good source of food for human consumption.


A low-dropout Voltage regulator apparatus includes a Voltage Source circuit, an error amplifier, an output transistor, a resis tor-capacitor circuit, a detection circuit, and a current adjust ing circuit. The Voltage source circuit generates a reference Voltage signal and at least one threshold Voltage signal. The error amplifier receives the reference Voltage signal and a feedback Voltage signal to generate an output control signal. The output transistor provides an output current for the output terminal according to the output control signal. The resistor capacitor circuit generates the feedback Voltage signal using Voltage dividing according to a Voltage corresponding to the output current. The detection circuit compares at least one threshold Voltage signal with the output Voltage to generate at least one control Voltage signal. The current adjusting circuit adaptively adjusts the current passing though the output tran sistor to decrease the transient response time according to the at least one control Voltage signal.


In Hong Kong, electricity is currently supplied by two investor-owned utilities operating with a vertically integrated structure. There is no direct competition in these utilities' electricity supply businesses and their operations are separately regulated under agreements known as Schemes of Control (SOC) with the government. The government has recently issued a public consultation paper for seeking views on the future electricity market development after the current SOC expiring in 2008. Reformation of the Hong Kong electricity market will certainly be benefited by taking into account worldwide experiences. Specifying and creating new market rules governing the operation of the energy markets is a major challenge since these markets have exhibited wide variation in form and operational characteristics. Computer simulation has been recognized a useful approach for examining the impact and behavior of different market structures. This paper addresses this concern by developing a model of generic power market simulator capable of rapid reconfiguration to match different market rules. The design of the simulator will be adapted to analyze the effectiveness of alternative electricity market reforms in Hong Kong and to be useful for studies of the established market to cope with investigation of proposed rule changes required from time to time.. (5 pages)


Due to its geographical location, Indonesia is very vulnerable to the volcano eruption. Volcanic eruptions always bring impact to the surrounding community. To mitigate the negative effects, especially the impact on the safety of the population, disaster management is required. One of the concerns of disaster management is a proper allocation and scheduling of rescue teams to minimize evacuation time with expectations of saving as many lives as possible. For that purpose, the RUASP (Rescue Unit Assignment and Scheduling Problem) optimization model is developed to minimize a completion time of evacuation. The model considers the severity of damages and capability of the rescue team as well as safety time for the rescue team. There is a period for rescue teams to be able to perform their duties safely and fuzzy time on the fields. Physical limitations and device limitations are the inhibiting factors for evacuation activities during low light conditions. We also developed a GRASP Metaheuristics algorithm for solving the proposed RUASP model. To test the model we use a certain historical data. The completion time of the proposed model is 21.92% faster than the computation time of the previous model, 12.56 seconds.


Multiple cluster model (MCM) for investigating surface reactions is formulated. In this model the reaction center, where electron correlation effects often play a key role, is described by an accurate high-level approximation, and bulk effects such as the lattice distortion energy are evaluated using a simple low-level approximation. Therefore, the MCM can properly simulate the potential energy hypersurface of the surface reaction system with a feasible computational cost. Since there exists no fixed atom in the MCM, we can rigorously characterize the stationary point (the minimum energy point or the transition state) on the potential energy hypersurface by vibrational frequency analysis. The MCM can be applied not only to surface systems, but also to various large systems. A detailed comparison of the MCM with the integrated molecular orbital+molecular mechanics (IMOMM), the integrated molecular orbital+molecular orbital (IMOMO), and ONIOM developed by Morokuma and co-workers is also presented. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 71: 403–413, 1999


A mother of unknown weight and body habitus was breastfeeding her 1-month, 14-day-old white male infant while watching a movie in a theatre at approximately 17.10 hours. About 75 minutes later, the infant became fussy with efforts at a bowel movement prompting his mother to cradle him across her lap. Subsequently, at 18.30 hours, while his mother held him in her arms, he began breast-feeding again. At 18.45 hours his mother suddenly discovered him unresponsive, apneic, not moving and with 'red fluid' coming out of his nose. This sequence of events was corroborated by direct discussion with the mother. Cardiorespiratory resuscitation (CPR) was initiated at the theatre by a bystander and was maintained during transfer first to an adult hospital where he arrived at 19.04 hours and then to Children's Hospital, San Diego where he arrived at 19.57 hours. During this entire interval he remained hypotensive despite continuous intensive care. Bradycardia ensued, and after discussion with his parents, medical support was discontinued, and he was pronounced dead at 23.45 hours on the day of admission. He was the first born of a woman whose pregnancy was full term and complicated only by swelling of her feet and ankles. Fetal tachycardia prompted Caesarean section delivery. Following delivery, he experienced 'grunting' for 15 minutes. Antibiotics were administered for 2 days and then discontinued. Postnatal cardiac arrhythmias were not identified. His immunizations were current. During his short life, he was exclusively breast-fed. He was not exposed to gestational or postnatal cigarette smoke. Toxicologic studies of pre-mortem blood were negative for alcohol, acetone, benzodiazepines, methanol, isopropanol, cocaine metabolites, opiates, methamphetamine and fentanyl; the basic and acid/neutral screens were also negative. Post-mortem examination revealed the crown-heel length was between the 50th and 75th percentile. The pertinent findings were acute ischemic encephalopathy, pulmonary hyaline membranes and multifocal myocardial haemorrhages, all of which were considered complications of prolonged hypotension and deterioration preceding death. Facial, conjunctival, pleural and thymic petechiae were not present. Facial, oropharyngeal and upper airway anatomy was normal. Gross and microscopic evidence of gastric aspiration, pneumonia, meningitis,


We prove the global convergence of the original, standard version of particle swarm optimization (PSO) under some mild, matricial and algebraic, practically checkable conditions. Our method is based on a novel integration of miscellaneous techniques from matrix paracontraction in numerical analysis and semistability in control theory. The proposed analysis framework is quite general and can be used to analyze global convergence of many variants of PSO and other types of swarm optimization algorithms such as multiagent coordination optimization (MCO).


Manual felling in afforested land is a productivity constraint and, more importantly, a safety concern. This has prompted the development of innovative mechanized harvesting systems to overcome the constraint, particularly on steeper slopes. The primary technique that has been developed and employed consists of cable-assisted, or "tethered," feller-bunchers, which use tension in a wire rope anchored upslope to assist with traction and gradeability. However, despite their deployment internationally, there is little quantitative framework with which to evaluate the relationship between tether tension, stability, ground pressures, and slip, especially in the context of machine specifications and site operative conditions. This study presents a theoretical framework that uses a moment equilibrium approach to evaluate the relationship between equipment dimensions and specifications and soil and site conditions to identify allowable slopes of operation and associated ground pressures. This quantitative framework highlights the facts that deeper grousers, higher cable tensions, wider tracks, and uphill boom orientation all increase gradeability and stability during operation. Inversely, effective track length (hence, increased soil pressures) and stability are decreased from grappling of heavier trees, operation on weaker soils, fully extended boom operation in the downhill direction, and increasing slope. Increasing soil pressure, increasing slope, and decreasing stability may increase soil disturbance but needs to be corroborated with future, planned field tests.


In this paper we present a novel framework for cluster head (CH) selection and sub-carrier allocation towards intra-cluster communication in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) based Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The proposed framework maximizes the overall performance of the WSN in terms of the throughput, video quality and network life. The OFDMA PHY optimization criterion for rate maximization is formulated as a bi-level optimization problem for CH node selection followed by optimal OFDMA sub-carrier allocation. It is then demonstrated that the above optimal resource allocation problem can be reduced to the solution of a weighted bipartite graph matching problem and is solved employing three different schemes, namely the popular Hungarian algorithm, game theory based multi-item auction and the Gale-Shapley stable matching scheme. Based on the above formulation, we also derive an optimal scheme to minimize the energy consumption in the WSN. Further, the performance of the proposed schemes is demonstrated through simulations in the context of scalable video transmission in a video sensor network. Results illustrate that these schemes significantly outperform suboptimal WSN cluster head selection schemes in terms of data rate and video quality.


This paper reviews arguments and empirical findings on two related aspects of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment)—its positive effects on host country firms, and the correlation between FDI and economic growth. With the exception of the unambiguous result of microeconometric studies, which is the superior productivity of foreign firms, the main conclusion extracted from empirical studies is the diversity of results. This diversity suggests that FDI will have different effects, depending on the 'technological congruence' and 'social capability' of the host economy, as well as the familiarity of indigenous firms to the products and technology of a given Multinational Corporation (MNCs).


Two new antenna designs for Ultra Wideband (UWB) applications are proposed and discussed. The structures feature a rectangular radiator with circular or rectangular slots. A co-planar waveguide (CPW) feed is utilized to feed power to both antenna topologies. The main aim of this work is to design, fabricate and evaluate the two antennas' performance, both in free space and on body. The analyses of the structures are carried out using CST Microwave Studio, before being fabricated using ShieldIt Super® conductive textile and felt substrates. A comprehensive dimensional analysis is presented before detailing out the experimental results in this work.


The invention discloses a concrete enterprise intelligent duty scheduling management system and management method. The concrete enterprise intelligent duty scheduling management system comprises a server, a scheduling terminal computer, a vehicle IC card, a fingerprint machine and a state display system. The concrete enterprise intelligent duty scheduling management method comprises the following steps: (1), a vehicle duty scheduling system automatically carrying out corresponding duty scheduling on driver information and vehicle information; and (2), a vehicle scheduling terminal computer emitting a scheduling instruction; (3), after a production finishing instruction is received, a vehicle starting production, and after the production is finished, the vehicle departing; and (4), when the vehicle returns after delivery, starting duty scheduling of the vehicle information and the driver information for a next time. According to the invention, by use of an information means and an Internet of things technology, information among different roles such as scheduling, drivers and operators is effectively connected, resource allocation is more reasonable, the utilization rate is higher, the purpose of providing air opportunities for drivers is realized, and the effect of improving initiative of employees of enterprises is obvious.


This paper reviews recent progress of the heavy flavor hadron production measurement at RHIC energy in heavy-ion collisions. Experimental results of the nuclear modification factor and elliptic flow of heavy flavor hadrons and electrons from heavy flavor decays are reported. Significant suppressions of the nuclear modification factors of D0 meson and heavy flavor decay electron at high transverse momentum, similar as light hadrons, have been observed, which indicates significant energy loss of charm quark in the Quark-Gluon Plasma created in the heavy-ion collisions. In the mean time, the elliptic flows of D0 meson and heavy flavor decay electron have been observed, and also similar as light hadrons, consisting with hydrodynamics. Above two evidences indicate strong interactions between charm quark and the nuclear medium created in the collisions. Comparison between data and models provides constraints on the key parameters of the QCD matter, such as the charm quark diffusion coefficient.


This research examines how MEPs vote on morality issues, i.e. issues that are framed in terms of (religious) values. The literature on MEPs' voting behaviour is well-documented. Relying on the 'principal-agent' framework, scholars have explored the extent to which MEPs act in accordance with the interests of their electoral constituency, national party or government, or European parliamentary group. This paper tests the relevance of the principal-agent framework when voting on morality issues. Morality politics has indeed the potential to alter legislative behaviour in the European Parliament given their non-binding character at the EU level, and the fact that they affect individuals' personal values and convictions. They therefore offer a unique opportunity to assess the role of religion in influencing legislators. The research focuses on two types of issues that have been debated within the European institutions: that of abortion, tackled through parliamentary reports on sexual and reproductive health and rights; and that of human embryonic stem cell research, dealt with through the successive European research framework programmes. The research develops a qualitative analysis based on semi-structured interviews with MEPs, which provide extensive information on how MEPs explain their voting behaviour on morality issues. Among other results, the interviews confirm the role of different 'principals', but the respondents also insist on the role of their personal convictions or believing, which they can express more freely in the European parliamentary arena than in the national one. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that morality issues, although non-binding, constitute a key field for the expression of 'culture wars' in the EU.


Aiming at the undesirable distribution network dynamic processes caused by the access of distributed generations, electric vehicles, and distributed energy storage systems, this paper proposes a current output type additional controller for improving the dynamic characteristics of the distribution network. Firstly, this paper models the photovoltaic grid-connected system and then describes the principle of the additional controller based on the model. The proposed current output type additional controller mainly fine-tunes the inverter sampling loop current by outputting three-phase additional control current to improve system stability. Secondly, the proposed additional controller is simulated and verified based on the photovoltaic grid-connected system. Finally, according to the coupling condition of the current sampling loop of the inverter control unit, the hardware circuit of the output current source of the additional controller is designed and implemented.


In the view of pragmatics,politeness principle exerts influence over the usage of language at the levels of lexis,sentence and discourse.As failure to observe the principle is one of the problems of language learners,this paper suggests that learner's dictionaries,as important aids for foreign language learning,should represent the relevant information to a maximum degree.After an examination of how such information related to politeness principle is conveyed in some authoritative monolingual and bilingual learner's dictionaries,we make suggestions on how future learner's dictionaries should improve in this regard.


A Dirac operator D on the standard Podles sphere is defined and investigated. It yields a spectral triple such that |D|^{-z} is of trace class for Re z>0. Commutators with the Dirac operator give the distinguished 2-dimensional covariant differential calculus on the standard Podles sphere. The twisted cyclic cocycle associated with the volume form of the differential calculus is expressed by means of the Dirac operator.


This paper presents an overview of the definition, clinical features, epidemiology, classification, pathophysiology, evaluation and risk assessment and treatment pharmacodynamics of anaphylaxis from the perspective of Australasian paramedic practice.


The article compares the problems facing the transportation planners of London and Paris where some 13M trips are made daily, of which half are made by private car, 40% by public transport and the remainder by two-wheeled vehicles. Over a period an increase in private car usage in Paris of about 8% per annum has been accompanied by a reduction in the use of public transport attributable to declining bus patronage. Parisian planning authorities are required to work within the broad framework of the SCHEMA DIRECTEUR plan adopted in 1965 for the development of new towns on the perimeter of Paris with a network of urban motorways, high-speed metros and modernised commuter services. Details are tabulated of the public transport systems of Paris compared with that of London. Increases in fuel costs are lately seen to have resulted in a growing demand for public transport and a reduction in the use of private transport. With more public transport funds and subsidies now available the Parisian transport authority, RATP, is presently proceeding with measures to improve and to increase the usage of public transport. /TRRL/


Streptococcus mutans play a key role for the development of dental caries and that a vaccine directed against this microorganism could be a valuable adjunct to existing preventive measures in some countries. Only a few studies, however, have examined the efficacy of dental caries vaccines in humans. Although several years have passed, active immunization against caries remains a goal yet to be achieved. The successful development of vaccines against oral diseases requires a concerted effort by industry, government, and academia and also it is a matter of great importance to ensure safety along with effective protection.


Economic transformations, globalization, and localization of the world socioeconomic systems, the desire to institutionalize current processes in society have changed the perception of economic activity tasks by the business entities, approaches to their solution, motivation, norms and skills of rational management, ethical standards, etc. This determines the relevance of the research on this topic. The main theoretical approaches to rational human behavior in terms of economic theory and management are summarized. The rational behavior is analyzed in terms of the individual and organization. Conclusion about the limited rationality of the Russians are made.


The aims of research are: (1) to describe the condition and potency of current learning on the basic material text recount, (2) to produce teaching-learning materials Compact Disc (CD) interactive multimedia which is integrated with basic competence in the form of procedural text with manuals and tips and it was conducted at one semester students EFL Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and tests. Analyze data uses descriptive and Gain test. The conclusions of research are; (1) EFL has the potency of using IT, tools and infrastructure of computer, teaching material to support the teaching process, (2) the process produced the product through Lectora program, (3) The teaching and learning process utilizing interactive multimedia teaching material is more effective, shown by N-Gain score 0.71, (4) after using interactive multimedia, the teaching and learning process can save 90 minutes compared to the previous lesson, (5) learning using interactive multimedia interesting, in organizing strategy (87.00%), in terms of delivery (84,97%), and in terms of program management strategies to obtain optimal learning results (85.04%).


The use of pictograms to transcript drugs information has not been accorded attention in France as much as in foreign countries over the past few years. In the framework of good drug use, it has seemed us interesting to assess pictogram contribution to patient information. We present a prospective study including one hundred patients to whom we asked to suggest a meaning for 17 pictograms illustrating common drug use precautions. Goals of this study were : – to investigate the method of evaluation we used to analyze collected data from the patients, – to determine whether if the use of pictograms to communicate drugs information to patient is enough or if pictograms have to be used in combination with textual material (or with verbal reinforcement).


ABSTRACT The Maritime Spatial Planning Directive (2014/89/EU) required European Union member states to finalise Marine Spatial Plans by 2021. These efforts have created new forums for considering synergies and conflicts around blue growth objectives at both national and local scales, but in many cases have consolidated management action at European or national levels. These nationalised MSP actions can conflict with the path dependence (legacy effects) of traditional industries. The preparation and publication of Ireland's National Marine Planning Framework (NMPF) provides rich examples of how the legacy effects of traditional rights of access and withdrawal can both inform and complicate planning goals. This research describes these interactions in the context of Ireland's seaweed sector. Efforts to equitably expand and manage Ireland's seaweed resource are hampered by controversy in the licensing of seaweed harvesting. Interviews with seaweed harvesting stakeholders were analysed using modified grounded theory, supplemented with critical analyses of the NMPF. Interviews made clear a longstanding and successful path dependence of community management of the Ireland's seaweed resource. However, national blue growth targets may conflict with local management traditions, alienating goal dependence between institutions and actors. These conflicts are exacerbated by national and exclusionary definitions of seaweed ownership. This work reveals conflicts between top-down management and local traditions of seaweed harvesting and provides recommendations as to how Irish legislation could prevent actor alienation from the management process by considering path dependence in management decisions and cultivating interdependent relationships to ensure seaweed harvester rights are respected in management plans.


Wastewater containing fats, oils and grease (FOG) is problematic in several ways: foul odors, blockage of sewer lines, interference with the proper sewage treatment operation and excess amount of FOG that can lead to certain fines for responsible wastewater generator. In this paper, the magnetic coagulation process is used to destabilize the oily wastewater emulsions while assisting with the oil floc formation. The oil/magnetic powder flocs were subsequently deposited and removed with the assistance of magnetic field. Preliminary investigations were devoted to calculations of optimal magnetic field. Preliminary investigations were devoted to calculations of optimal magnetic powder proportions were devoted to calculations of optimal magnetic powder proportions of various sizes and their oil sorption capacity. The results from the jar test confirmed the effectiveness of the magnetic coagulation procedure. It was demonstrated that the magnetic coagulation process with optimum amount of magnetic powder of 12 g/L could remove 94.2% of FOG, 96.9% of total suspended solids (TSS), and 86.7% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) on average.


An automatic processing system for forms based on mathematical morphology is presented. The system can extract form lines quickly and accurately by the structuring element match with the form line and the algorithm of mathematical morphology. It is very effective for form lines extracting and the restoring of distorted form lines due to printing and scanning.


ment Preparation", The Bell System Tech. Journal, vol. 57, No. 6, Aug. 1978, pp. 2115-2135. Peterson, J. L., "Computer Programs for Detecting and Correcting Spelling Errors', Communications of the ACM, vol. 23, No. 12, Dec. 1980, pp. 676-687. Primary Examiner-Raulfe B. Zache Attorney, Agent, or Firrn-David H. Tannenbaum 57 ABSTRACT There is disclosed a spelling correction arrangement for use in directory lookup applications. The arrangement corrects errors by finding the name in the directory that most closely resembles the name requested by the user. The arrangement is based on a recursive routine that continually subdivides the problem of finding a given name in a given directory into smaller subproblems in which shorter names are to be found in smaller directo ries. Multiple spelling errors are easily accommodated since the technique uses the given directory of names to limit the search. The technique allows the algorithm to find the closest name in the directory without actually considering the vast majority of the names that appear in the directory.


E-mail: email@example.com October 14, 2011, Accepted January 9, 2012Key Words : Gallium nitride, Amplified spontaneous emission, Superlinear increase, Wide band gapSemiconductor nanowires have been the subject of intensestudy in recent years. In particular, their ability to confineelectrons/holes and photons makes them attractive aspotential building blocks of nanoscale electronics and opto-electronic devices.


Procedural intravenous cangrelor has been proposed as an effective platelet inhibition strategy for stenting in acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to compare the safety profile of low‐dose intravenous cangrelor versus dual oral antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) loading in patients with acute cervical tandem lesions.

 We retrospectively identified cases from an international multicenter cohort who underwent intraprocedural administration of intravenous cangrelor (15 μg/kg followed by an infusion of 2 μg/kg per min) or DAPT loading during acute tandem lesions intervention. Safety outcomes included rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, parenchymal hematoma type 2, petechial hemorrhage, and in‐stent thrombosis. Inverse probability of treatment weighting matching was used to reduce confounding.

 From 691 patients, we included 195 patients, 30 of whom received intravenous cangrelor and 165 DAPT. The DAPT regimens were aspirin+clopidogrel (93.3%) or aspirin+ticagrelor (6.6%). After inverse probability of treatment weighting, the patients treated with cangrelor were not at greater odds of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (odds ratio [OR], 1.30 [95% CI, 0.09–17.3];
 P
 =0.837), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage–parenchymal hematoma type 2 (OR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.05–4.98];
 P
 =0.589), or petechial hemorrhage (OR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.38–3.28];
 P
 =0.836). Similarly, the rate of in‐stent thrombosis was not significantly different between the 2 groups (1.8% versus 0%;
 P
 =0.911).

 Cangrelor at the half dose of the myocardial infarction protocol showed a similar safety profile compared with the commonly used DAPT loading protocols in patients with acute tandem lesions. Further studies with larger samples are warranted to elucidate the safety of antiplatelet therapy in tandem lesions.


Although there are, evidently, male stars with blond hair in Hollywood, male blondness seems to pose a problem. Unlike their female equivalents, few male stars, if any, have been defined by their blondness, mainly due to the feminine connotations implicit in the term. However, instead of being burdened by this association, Robert Redford stands as one of the few male Hollywood stars who utilised his blondness to promote an all-American golden boy image that was both romantic and political. Drawing on films from the height of his stardom, approximately 1972–1985, this essay seeks to demonstrate how Redford's films exploited his blond image, often comparing his extreme whiteness with dark-haired partners, to project an idealised, sometimes even superhuman, image of American masculinity.


Given a host graph G and a pattern graph H, the induced subgraph isomorphism problem is to decide whether G contains an induced subgraph that is isomorphic to H. We study the time complexity of induced subgraph isomorphism problems when the pattern graph is fixed. Nesetril and Poljak gave an O(n^{k omega}) time algorithm that decides the induced subgraph isomorphism problem for any 3k vertex pattern graph (the universal algorithm), where omega is the matrix multiplication exponent. Improvements are not known for any infinite pattern family.
Algorithms faster than the universal algorithm are known only for a finite number of pattern graphs. In this paper, we show that there exists infinitely many pattern graphs for which the induced subgraph isomorphism problem has algorithms faster than the universal algorithm.
Our algorithm works by reducing the pattern detection problem into a multilinear term detection problem on special classes of polynomials called graph pattern polynomials. We show that many of the existing algorithms including the universal algorithm can also be described in terms of such a reduction. We formalize this class of algorithms by defining graph pattern polynomial families and defining a notion of reduction between these polynomial families. The reduction also allows us to argue about relative hardness of various graph pattern detection problems within this framework. We show that solving the induced subgraph isomorphism for any pattern graph that contains a k-clique is at least as hard detecting k-cliques. An equivalent theorem is not known in the general case.
In the full version of this paper, we obtain new algorithms for P_5 and C_5 that are optimal under reasonable hardness assumptions. We also use this method to derive new combinatorial algorithms - algorithms that do not use fast matrix multiplication - for paths and cycles. We also show why graph homomorphisms play a major role in algorithms for subgraph isomorphism problems. Using this, we show that the arithmetic circuit complexity of the graph homomorphism polynomial for K_k - e (The k-clique with an edge removed) is related to the complexity of many subgraph isomorphism problems. This generalizes and unifies many existing results.


Arabic rhetoric is a linguistic means to a pragmatic end. Its major objective is to achieve succinctness and effective context-sensitive discourse. Hence, the stylistics (cilm al-Macani) is the second branch of Arabic rhetoric which deals with the semantic significance of words and expressions. It has to do principally with the art of conveying intended ideas or meaning successfully by skilful combination of words in a sentences or phrase. Thus, this study acquaints the usage of Qur'anic brevity and verbosity in the construction of verses. In this vein, however this study was selected one of the most recent exegetical work in the Archipelago as the object of study, namely al-Mishbah by Shihab. In interpreting the Qur'an, Shihab emphasizes the importance of Arabic to understanding the verses context and not focused on the text only. By doing so, to obtain a neat conclusion of this debate, this study uses literature and document analysis method with Tafsir al-Mishbah as a source of study inclusive of language and Tafsir books as major references. The findings showed that brevity identifies two kinds which are elliptical and succinctness. It is essential that omitted word(s) should not be a very essential part of the narration. The study also stipulates that verbosity may be used by way of emphasis or to obliterate ambiguity. In lieu of this, Shihab was applied brevity and verbosity method which is recognized and formulated by scholars and exegetes. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p1939


N THE PAST TWO HUNDRED YEARS, the rapid extraction and combustion of fossil fuels have contributed to anthropogenic interference in global climate systems, while also increasing net global wealth and some forms of economic development. In the twentyfirst century, it is now clear that fossil fuel sources have both positive and negative impacts on economies, livelihoods, and environments worldwide. What might formal Catholic teaching and theologicalmoral reflection offer to this situation? The institutional Catholic Church has engaged energy issues in multiple documents, ranging from papal encyclicals to the U.S. Bishops' 1981 statement on energy.1 So too have discussions of fossil fuels, climate change, and ethics occurred within broader scholarly discourses of Catholic theology and ethics.2 Catholic organizations dedicated to the global common good and to countering the effects of climate change have proliferated in the U.S. and worldwide. This essay builds upon the growing ecclesial, scholarly, and practical attention to these issues by revisiting the U.S. Bishops' 1981 statement on energy, "Reflections on the Energy Crisis," in recognition that the question of what powers societies in the twenty-first century is not merely an issue of technology or economics: It is also an issue of energy ethics. A Catholic energy ethics requires attention to current energy realities


One of the priorities of the fourth International Polar Year (IPY) was to increase awareness of the polar regions and polar science among the general public through education, communication and other forms of outreach. This paper reports on the media coverage of Princess Elisabeth Antarctica (PEA), Belgium's "zero-emission" Antarctic research station designed by the non-profit International Polar Foundation (IPF) to run on wind and solar energy and to employ state-of-the-art forms of energy management and other "green" technology. This paper provides background information on PEA, a review of IPF's media strategy for the project, a description of media coverage of the station and a discussion of the way in which the IPF's main messages were reported in the media. IPF staff surveyed approximately 300 media reports released between February 2004, when the PEA project was announced to the general public, and June 2010, when the IPF presented their findings at the IPY conference in Oslo. PEA was featured 580 times in print and web media in Belgium, and 303 times outside Belgium. Major international agencies such as the Associated Press, Agence France Presse, the BBC, Al-Jazeera and Reuters covered the project. On television and radio, PEA was featured in news broadcasts from all four major television networks in Belgium, most major radio stations and 34 different television and radio news outlets outside Belgium. The paper concludes that the media coverage for PEA was significant and suggests reasons why the project was so widely reported.


The reliability of the engine largely depends on the technical condition of the fuel equipment. It is known that the efficiency of cars depends on the operating conditions that change during the seasons of the year. The aim of the study is to establish the influence of seasonal operating conditions on the parameter of the failure rate of elements of the power supply system of KAMAZ-43118 car engines. The article presents a fragment of the research results. To achieve this goal, the theoretical part considers the factors affecting the reliability of the system under study. From the analysis of sources, it was found that with the change of the season of the year, road and transport conditions, natural and climatic factors significantly affect the food system. In this regard, the hypothesis of the study is put forward: natural and climatic factors significantly affect the reliability of the power supply system of KAMAZ-43118 car engines. At the first stage of experimental studies, statistical data on the operating time for failure of the power supply system of KAMAZ-43118 cars were processed, the elements of the system with the greatest number of failures were identified. At the second stage, the influence of air temperature on the parameter of the failure flow of the elements of the power supply system of KAMAZ-43118 car engines was established. With the help of correlation analysis, the significance of seasonal changes in natural and climatic factors is proved. At the third stage, a methodology for using the obtained data to adjust the volume of spare parts and materials in the warehouse is proposed. The scientific novelty of the research is to establish the regularities of the influence of air temperature on the parameter of the failure flow of fuel equipment elements of KAMAZ-43118 vehicles. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the results of the study in the development of a methodology for optimizing the volume of spare parts and materials in the warehouse. Further research will be aimed at improving the reliability of the power supply system taking into account seasonal operating conditions by adjusting the frequency of maintenance.


In this article, gold nanoparticles were synthesized by two bolaform cholesteryl imide derivatives with different lengths of ethyleneamine spacers at a liquid-liquid interface. By stirring the aqueous solution containing ions with the chloroform solution of bolaform amphiphile, ions were transferred into the organic phase and reduced to gold nanoparticles. Spectral and morphological measurements indicated that both bolaform amphiphiles could serve as both capping and reducing agents. Different gold nanostructures could be obtained depending on the different spacers and the molar ratios of amphiphile to ions. The photocatalytic properties of as-made gold nanoparticles on the degradation of methyl orange indicated that the spacers in the amphiphiles indeed played an important role in changing the sizes of as-made gold nanoparticles and subsequently regulating their catalytic behaviors. The present work gave an original investigation of synthesis and regulation of gold nanostructures by utilizing bolaform amphiphiles with different spacers.


Research on social media and research on correcting misinformation are both growing areas in communication, but for the most part they have not found common ground. This study seeks to bridge these two areas, considering the role that social media may play in correcting misinformation. To do so, we test a new function of Facebook, which provides related links when people click on a link within Facebook. We show users a post containing misinformation, and then manipulate the related stories to either confirm, correct, or both confirm and correct the misinformation. Findings suggest that when related stories correct a post that includes misinformation, misperceptions are significantly reduced


Studies have addressed the effect of multimodal pain rehabilitation (MMR), whereas criteria for selection are sparse. This study examines whether higher scores on musculoskeletal pain measures are associated with selection to MMR, and whether this differs across gender.


This paper presents a conceptual framework aimed at analyzing human error and error management events. The framework was applied to the analysis of 45 Swedish Air Traffic Management incidents involving 144 events. The goal is to get an indication of the robustness of the classification system of the errors, and to determine whether the framework can be used to produce insight into when errors are likely to be discovered and managed before system consequences have developed.


There is provided a method of manufacturing a motor vehicle door armrest provided which comprises forming an armrest support surface in a lower door panel. A frame assembly is formed so that it has at least one through-sleeve having an open, upper sleeve surface and an open, lower sleeve surface. The frame assembly is so reshaped that an over-molded surface is formed over the open upper sleeve surface. A foam member is inserted into the lower sleeve surface. The frame assembly is mounted on the armrest support surface so that the foam member in the at least one through-sleeve is secured. The frame assembly is secured to the lower door panel.


The ultimate goal of this research is to study information, cooperation strategies, and behaviors required by a group of behavior based mobile robots for lifting and transferring an object with unknown mass and center of gravity. This paper presents some of the investigation results of the first stage of the project, lifting the object. After discussing the problems facing a group of object lifting robots, a distributed cooperation strategy, sensory system, and required behaviors for multiple cooperative object lifting robots are introduced. In the proposed cooperation strategy, when the object's tilt angle passes a defined value, the robot(s) having the lowest contact point with the object moves upward faster while the others slow down and stop. The sensory system is designed so that each robot is able to measure the object's tilt angle and communicate with the other robots when required. Sufficient conditions for applicability of the proposed algorithm are provided and the validity of the studied approach is verified through computer simulations and experiments.


The ability to find similar places is an important component to geographic information retrieval applications as varied as travel recommendation services, marketing analysis tools, and socio-ecological research. Using generative topic modelling on a large collection of place descriptions, we can represent places as distributions over thematic topics, and quantitatively measure similarity for places modelled with these topic signatures. However, existing similarity measures are context independent; in cognitive science research there exists evidence that when people perform similarity judgments they will weigh properties differently depending on personal context. In this paper we present a novel method to re-weight the topics that are broadly associated with a place, based on users' interests inferred from sample place similarity rankings. We evaluate the method by training topics associated with texts about places, and perform a user study that compares user-provided similar places to those provided by automatically personalised place rankings. The results demonstrate improved correspondence between user rankings and automated rankings when personalised weights are applied.


The utility model relates to a decorative combined net lamp. The utility model comprises a plurality of lamp series which are in mutual conductive connected and basically parallel and a plurality of sleeve pipes; the sleeve pipes are respectively sheathed with a corresponding lamp bulb of an adjacent lamp series at interval of one lamp bulb to fix the lamp bulb, the other lamp bulbs of the lamp series are sheathed with the lamp bulbs of adjacent lamp series to be fixed to make the integration connected into a honeycomb net-shaped net. Soft silicon rubber pipes are sheathed between the lamp bulbs and sleeve pipes which match with each other, and the inner of the soft silicon rubber pipes is provided with liquid silicon rubber, which makes the lamp bulbs and a conducting wire region connected with the lamp bulbs have better sealing performance.


OAM (Orbital angular momentum) waves have infinite orthogonal modes. The azimuth information of the target and the number of modes have dual relations. Thus, OAM waves have huge potential in improving imaging resolution. However, OAM waves generated by many methods in microwave field have the problem of superfluous modes. Thus, a method based on antenna array to reduce the number of superfluous OAM modes is proposed in this paper. Besides, the antenna array can improve the mode purity of OAM waves.


Many chronic illnesses require patient-centred care where behavioural change aimed at dealing and coping with the socio-psychological as well as the physical impact of the disease is emphasized.
Diabetes presents such a challenge especially in the developing world where both human and material resources are limited in dealing with this complex disease. Most centres in Ghana and Africa in general, rely on overburdened practitioners who have responsibilities to other acute and chronic illnesses in addition to diabetes care.
The Diabetes Specialist Team (DST) has become a tool in overcoming these complexities to improve care and outcomes. They work in a team with specialised and sometimes overlapping skills. Core members include Consultant physician diabetologists, specialist diabetes nurses, podiatrists, dieticians and clinical psychologists.
The positive impact of DST is noticed in the aspects of diabetes preventive services, early diagnosis, patient education, medication use, risk factor and complication identification and management, together with in-patient care and management of special groups.
Recognising that the needs of persons living with diabetes are under served, coupled with the fact that developing countries are expected to experience the greatest burden in terms of numbers and complications of diabetes, more resources are needed to reverse these expected grim statistics. Efforts should be made to develop and deploy DST as much as possible to provide specialised and dedicated services in the routine management of diabetes at least at the district or municipal health level. Resources are needed to maintain and snowball the impact of this approach.


This guide introduces NetApp® thin provisioning, describing the challenges of traditional approaches, the benefits of thin provisioning, and NetApp thin provisioning differentiators. It also discusses how to implement and manage thin provisioning in the environment. This guide should prove useful to IT and storage decision makers seeking to understand how NetApp thin provisioning can reduce waste and increase storage utilization. Although it covers some implementation considerations, it does not include detailed deployment strategies or best practices.


In the present paper some properties involving curvature tensor, conformal curvature tensor, Ricci tensor and scalar curvature, on weakly symmetric, weakly conformally symmetric and pseudo symmetric spaces are obtained.


The present paper investigated the order of pronouns as objects in "Annals of Three Country" on the basis of the exact statistics and analysis .The idea is that, comparing with the earlier Ancient Chinese ,the main change located at objects: (1) All Objects should be postponed in indefinite sentences. (2) The Objects in questioning sentences obey the rule of Fronting ,but will be fronted. (3) The Objects in definite sentences are fronted to be in rhyme ,which is a way imitating the earlier ancient time.


Precisely aligned arrays of sharp tip structures on top of elongated pillars were realized by using an improved fabrication process including an additional inductively-coupled-plasma reactive-ion etching step. Arrays of n-type and p-type silicon with 271 tips have been fabricated and investigated. Those structures have a total height of 5-6 μm and apex radii less than 20nm. Integral field emission measurements of the arrays yielded low onset-fields in the range of 8-12V=μm and field enhancement factors between 300 and 700. The I-E curves of n-type structures showed the usual Fowler-Nordheim behaviour, whereas p-type structures revealed a significant saturation region due to the limited number of electrons in the conduction band and a further carrier depletion effect caused by the pillar. The maximum integral current in the saturation region was 150 nA at fields above 30V=μm. An excellent stability of the emission current of less than ± 2% fluctuation was observed in the saturation region. For n-type Si a maximum integral current of 10 μA at 24V=μm and an average current stability with a fluctuation of ± 50% were measured.


This study aimed to test whether Islamic bank in Purwokerto is able to achieve good performance when measured by the Balanced Score Card (BSC) approach is based on the perspective of financial, customer, internal business processes and learning and growth. Research using the survey method with purposive sampling of employees and customers with a proportional random sampling method at Bank BNI Syariah and BRI Syariah Purwokerto. Hypothesis testing is performed using the Mann Whitney test as a tool for comparison of two independent samples test for ordinal data. The results showed BNI Syariah and BRI Syariah Purwokerto were able to achieve excellent performance when measured by the BSC approach based financial perspective and the perspective of growth and learning. Meanwhile, the performance of which is measured by the achievement of the BSC approach based on the customer perspective and internal business process perspective at Bank BNI Syariah and BRI Syariah Purwokerto were able to achieve a good performance level. The implication of this study is that the performance of Bank BNI Syariah and BRI Syariah Purwokerto is good when measured with the BSC approach should be maintained so as to provide satisfactory services for bank customers and employees can improve their performance so that organizational goals can be achieved. In addition, Bank BNI Syariah and BRI Syariah Purwokerto in order to make service excellence as a work culture within the company so that the company's performance can be maintained and enhanced.


Tube bundles with cross flow heat carrier chart are widely used in many power systems due to their relatively simple design, low cost, low pressure drops, high efficiency etc. In order to exploitation these tube bundles in dirty and aggressive applications, protective coatings can be applied to the heat transfer surface to enhance effectiveness and minimize pollutant deposits. Protective coatings generally using for improving wear resistance, corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity to heat transfer surface and thermal insulation of frame surfaces of heat exchangers.
In this work physico-mechanical and thermophysical properties of heat conduct coating materials forheat transfer surface are investigated. Experimental and numerical investigations of hydrodynamics andheat transfer processes for compact small diameter tube bundles coated by epoxy composite with high thermal conductivity nanofillers are presented.
Experimental investigations of investigated tube bundles were carried out in open circuit section type wind tunnel of subsonic speeds.


Artistic value of article structure is reflected in expressional value of thoughts and emotions and display value of beauty.Language teaching value of article structure is reflected in two aspects,reading teaching value and writing teaching value.


This article is intended to examine the current rules of the air passenger service established by Resolution 400/2016 published on De- cember 13, 2016 by the National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC). In the first part, it deals with the structure of the aforementioned normative act, discussing the obligations prior to the execution of the contract of air transportation of passengers; Then the question of the shipment of these and of the activity itself was addressed, transposing the exposure to the later duties of the supplier and the customer service. In the second part, the rights of users of the passenger air transport service were analyzed under Law 8,078/1990, which established the Code of Protection and Consumer Protection. A priori, the controversial issues surrounding the transfer of passengers' luggage have been critically explained, highlighting the loss, vio- lation and attempted collection as if accessory contract were. Scheduled changes in travel schedules and itineraries, non-compliance with schedules, cancellations, and passenger misconduct are discussed below. It was argued that exemption from liability of the supplier in the face of such problems constitutes an abusive practice that flagrantly violates the consumer micro-system, as well as that users of the service should be fully compensated, including material and moral damages suf- fered. Not being the material assistance or rearrangement in other flights instruments that exclude the reparatory duty of the suppliers of the sector. Lastly, it was explained about the remarking of air tickets and the arbitrary fines established by the companies that work in the field. It was concluded that the norms elaborated by the regulatory agency of the sector can not surpass the constitutional and legal protection of the consumer and that the economic analysis of the problematic also does not have the condemnation to disregard it.


The invention discloses a sulfydryl/cyano acrylic ester UV curable adhesive composition, which comprises: 5 to 60 percent of sulfydryl compound which is selected from a sulfydryl alkyl acid ester and alkyl hydrosulfide; 5 to 60 percent of alpha-cyanoacrylate of a formula below; 0 to 60 percent of a prepolymer selected from polyester acrylate prepolymers, epoxy acrylate prepolymers and urethane acrylate prepolymers; 0 to 50 percent of active monomer which is selected from acrylic esters having a mono-functional group, double functional groups and multiple functional groups, allyl compounds and ethenyl compounds; 1 to 10 percent of photoinitiator; and 0 to 10 percent of assistant. The UV curable adhesive composition has a quick curing capability, high adhesive strength and low internal stress; and the obtained cured layer is flexible and can be widely to bond metal, metal oxides, plastics, rubber, glass, polyester and other substrate materials.


The effects of a new TRIPLEX heat treatment on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of in situ synthesized (TiB+La2O3)/ IMI834 composite (TMCs) were studied. The microstructures and the morphology of reinforcements after heat treatment were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The martensite variation was in situ observed in the processing of TRIPLEX heat treatment by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The results showed that the microstructure of specimens after TRIPLEX heat treatment exhibits laminar structure with high aspect ratio. The percent of low angle boundaries of TMCs treated by TRIPLEX heat treatment and ¢ heat treatment is about 22.71% and 25.32%, respectively. Compared with ¢ heat treatment, the ductility of titanium matrix composites after TRIPLEX heat treatment was improved significantly. Tiny perpendicular cracks on TiB reinforcement and the crack initiating in matrix were in situ observed at the same time by CLSM during tensile test. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2015268]


With the development of economy,university staff's income is increasing.As a result,income tax is a common topic.University staff are concerned about how to do income tax planning,how to avoid and reduce tax under the law.After studying the articles of Individual Income Tax Law of the People's Republic of China,the author gives some suggestions on income tax planning for university staff.


Lipoastrocytoma is an extremely rare tumor, with only six cases described. We report the case of an astrocytoma involving the upper part of the cerebellar‐pontine angle and the right portion of the clivus starting from the brainstem with a diffuse lipomatous component in a 39 year‐old man. The patient was admitted with headache of 1 year's duration and diplopia over the previous 3 months. MRI revealed a ponto‐cerebellar lesion that showed irregular enhancement after contrast administration. Subtotal excision of the tumor was accomplished. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy were not administered. Histologically the tumor showed the classical histology of low‐grade astrocytoma and a portion of the lesion was composed of lipid‐laden cells. Immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acid and S‐100 proteins clearly demonstrated the glial nature of these cells. Ki‐67/Mib‐1 labeling index was low (2%). The patient remains in good neurological conditions after 10 months. Our case has a benign postoperative behavior, also after subtotal excision, with restrictions due to the short follow‐up. It is important to record each new case of this rare tumor to produce a better characterization of this lesion.


Greatly enhanced high-speed modulation performance has been recently predicted in numerical calculations for a novel injection-locking scheme involving a DBR or DFB master laser monolithically integrated with a unidirectional semiconductor microring laser. In this work, we investigate the effect of light backscattering between the two counterpropagating modes on high-speed modulation performance of strongly injection-locked unidirectional semiconductor microring lasers.


OBJECTIVE To study influences of different sterilizing and drying time and packaging methods on paper-plastic package sterilization.METHODS Totally 320 paper-plastic packages of our supply department from Jun 2008 to Aug 2008 were randomized into two groups.The control group was sterilized with conventional method,while packages in experimental group were separated from each other by utilizing small planks,with water absorbing towel cloths padded in the basket and the color indicator upturned,then drying time was set to 13 minutes.Comparison of adverse effects between the two groups was done afterwards.RESULTS The incidence of package gauffer and color indicator dissolution was significantly lower in the experimental group compared with conventional method(P0.05).CONCLUSIONS Sterilization of paper-plastic packages should select suitable drying time and appropriate packaging methods in order to lower the incidence of adverse effects after sterilization.


As shown in a companion-paper,1 binary and multinary coherent systems can be studied with unified arguments, through monotone binary coherent systems. These are binary coherent systems submitted to some monotone constraint and generalize the classic theory of free binary coherent systems. By considering the unified point of view thus obtained, this paper gives what is perhaps the most suggestive representation for multinary coherent systems, since this extends the definition of binary coherent systems in terms of series-parallel (parallel-series) structures. Then, this paper examines the special case of multinary systems that can be studied directly with the classic theory of free binary coherent systems. It thus enlarges and complements, in a shorter unified manner, the particular cases considered in earlier studies.


A symbolic cell generator (SYC) that can generate the symbolic layout of a generic CMOS logic cell is presented. It accepts as input a SPICE-like netlist describing circuit components, connectivity, and the list of the I/O pins. Using this generator, the user can specify topological constraints on pin and transistor positions, the maximum lengths of polysilicon and diffusion wires, and a preferred layer for each electrical node. Cells are generated according to optimization criteria that take into account not only geometric factors, such as cell area, aspect ratio, and wirelength, but also electrical features, namely capacitance to the substrate and contact and via minimization. The generator's placement strategy includes transistor clustering into regions, global region placement by linear ordering, and two-dimensional local transistor placement. The routing combines Steiner trees and Lee algorithms. Object-oriented programming paradigms were used in the implementation of the program, written in C++ language. Experimental results for small and medium-sized cells are presented. >


This study sought to characterize the performance of children in an arithmetic word problem test regarding choice of strategy, type of operation and age. It also analyzed possible links between the resolution of addition and subtraction problems, processing speed and working memory. Four tests were administered with 233 children of 4, 5 and 6 years of age from Buenos Aires, Argentina: (a) an arithmetic word problem test, (b) the Corsi block tapping test, (c) a digit span test, and (d) a reaction time task. Results showed a signifi cant increase in precision when solving arithmetic word problems between ages 4 and 6. While 4-year-old children relied mainly on visual aids to solve the problems, 5 and 6-year-olds incorporated fi nger counting and mental calculation as effi cient strategies. Arithmetic scores were associated with both verbal and visuospatial working memory scores. While only the visuospatial component predicted accuracy in the children that depended on visual aids or fi nger counting, both components of working memory predicted the performance of the children that primarily used mental calculation.


Immigration detention facilities are commonly assumed to be insulated microcosms that maintain their existence separate and apart from the surrounding communities. Yet detention facilities are not hermetically sealed institutions. Drawing on unique and comprehensive data pertaining to all individuals held in immigration detention in the United States in fiscal year 2015, this study explores for the first time the importance of community contexts in immigration detention. Our multivariable analyses show a significant relationship between the characteristics of communities in which the facilities are located and detention length for individuals who were released pending the completion of their removal proceedings. Specifically, we find that the presence of legal service providers and social support networks in the communities is associated with shorter detention length, controlling for a variety of individual characteristics and contextual factors. These findings highlight the need for research on the social ecology of immigration detention—research that moves beyond the walls of detention facilities to consider the broader legal, social, and political contexts of surrounding communities in investigating the nature and consequences of immigration detention.


C. A. Long 2008. The Wild Mammals of Wisconsin. Pensoft Series Faunistica 68, Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria, 544 pp. + 27 colored illustrations. ISBN 978-954-642-303-0, price (hardbound) EURO 78; ISBN 978-954-642-313-9, price (paper) EURO 45.

The state of Wisconsin is fortunate to have a number of state parks, national protected areas, private and public lands set aside for wildlife management, and regenerating forests—at least 194 scientific areas have been preserved by the state. Wisconsin is in an interesting transition region between northern boreal forests heavily dominated by pine and now birch, mixed hardwood forests, and prairie. The mammal fauna is a complex overlap representing each biotic region, and a wealth of new information and detailed summary of previous research on the state's mammals is now available in Charles Long's long-awaited The Wild Mammals of Wisconsin. Long is a classically trained mammalogist and The Wild Mammals of Wisconsin is a classic "mammals of …"–type volume. The state's rich mammal fauna is documented by Long with 69 full accounts of native species and briefer accounts of 7 hypothetical or invading species.

Long's extensive studies of the state's small mammal fauna, especially the shrews and rodents, are incorporated into quite thorough species accounts. Accounts include descriptions, geographic range, habitat, foods, reproduction, home range, movements, den and nest sites, geographic variation, predators, parasites, evaluations of subspecific variation, and more. Discussions include geographic variation in the region, with discussions on the appropriate subspecies names. Long provides keys to the orders, families, genera, and species. Appendices on longevity of common species, preparation of mammal study skins, photographs of skulls, and conversion of English to metric measurements will make this work appealing to educators working with younger students. There is an inclusive glossary of mammalogical terms. An index to scientific and vernacular names is provided that is complete and quite useful. Distribution maps for North America and Wisconsin are included for each species. Abbreviated accounts are provided for the species that are extirpated from the state, referring the reader back to Hartley …


The formation and development of the regional innovation system(RIS) is the result of working of many factors.On the basis of the five-factors-analysis model of R D investments,economic structure,infrastructure,openness and innovation policy etc factors,we make an empirical analysis to the model by use of the innovation activities data(2000-2009) of Wuhan.The research results provided the important reference and guides for the practice of RIS,and also provided a unique perspective and inspiration for the in-depth study of regional lnnovation system.


Metadata Management is a new approach to build system application. The paper discusses the characteristic of metadata and the methods of description, conversion, storage using XML. Presents software architecture on XML-based metadata management and analyzes and explains it as well. Finally, the paper illustrates its application by developing the permission management module, which proves that it can implement data integration and module reusable.


Issues are explored relating to the diversity of schooling provision in Northern Ireland in the context of the debate around faith-based schooling in England and elsewhere. The benefits to individuals from a religious point of view are off-set against any potential impact on social cohesion. Integrated schools as models for shared education are considered, as are innovative methods of co-management that may emerge in the future. In the context of a fragile society emerging from conflict and yet apparently more polarized than ever, it is argued that choices inevitably have consequences and that the long-term price of separate schooling may be further division.


Diabetes is the fastest growing chronic disease condition globally. Type 2 diabetes in particular, has reached epidemic proportions, with the greatest burden falling on socially disadvantaged groups and Indigenous peoples. This review focuses primarily on type 2 diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, which is responsible for the majority of cases of diabetes in this population. It provides general information on the social and cultural context of diabetes, and the behavioural and biomedical factors that contribute to diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. This review provides detailed information on: the extent of diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, including incidence and prevalence data; hospitalisations; mortality and burden of disease the prevention and management of diabetes relevant programs, services, policies and strategies that address the health issue of diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people two special population groups: adolescents pregnant and post-partum women. This review concludes by suggesting possible future directions for combatting the growing epidemic of diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. This review is part of a suite of knowledge exchange products that includes a summary, a video, and a fact sheet.


This article discusses the unique situation of teaching an upper-level, undergraduate Spanish Conversation course with a service-learning component at a large, public, urban university. With the help of service-learning literature and anonymous pre- and post-surveys, this study aims to offer some qualitative observations and advice on community-based learning for the non-traditional student. Even with the added effort in curriculum development and the imperfections of language instruction for non-traditional students, this article concludes that the implementation of service-learning at the urban university can be a successful experience.


Co‐seismic Ionospheric disturbances (CID, or "ionoquakes") are disturbances in the electron density or total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere, produced by the ground motion due to earthquakes. Usually, ionoquakes are detected in the near‐epicentral region within 8–10 min after an earthquake onset time. In this work, we present a new methodology that allows to estimate the CID arrival time based on determining the CID peak time in TEC measurements with respect to the peak time of seismic waves registered by the nearest seismic station. Our methodology also allows to understand the altitude of GNSS detection that otherwise remains ambiguous. We apply the newly developed techniques to detect CID signatures associated with three large earthquakes: the 2015 Illapel, the 2014 Iquique, and the 2011 Sanriku‐Oki. We show that for these events, the CID arrive 250–430 s after the time of the seismic wave peak, or 350–700 s after the earthquake onset time. Our analysis show that the first CID are detected at the altitudes of 150–180 km (the Sanriku earthquake) and of 200–300 km (the Illapel and the Iquique earthquakes). The disturbances represent high‐frequency acoustic oscillations that propagate with a horizontal speed faster than 0.75 km/s.


A numerical study of different 2-D hypersonic airbreathing vehicle configurations under Mach 6 has been performed to analyze the aerodynamic characteristics,the airframe upper surface geometries considered in the present work include the Von Karman curve and straight line,the combustor configurations included the tandem backward facing step and tandem expansion straight line,the nozzle shapes included the power law curve and straight line.A second-order Roe scheme with a minmod limiter was used for space descretization,and Menter's k-ω SST(Shear stress transport) turbulence model was used for predicting the turbulence flows,the CFD-derived pressure and friction distributions were numerically integrated to compute the lift,drag and pitch moment,and the influence of each configuration design on the global aerodynamic characteristics have been analyzed,which provided assistance for the design of the hypersonic airbreathing vehicle.


This article is a report on a study conducted to explore the effective characteristics of a clinical instructor as perceived by student nurses. Specifically, it aimed to: (1) determine if a significant difference exists on students' perceptions of the effective characteristics of clinical instructors when grouped according to academic level and sex; (2) identify the top ten (10) effective characteristics as perceived by student nurses; (3) determine which subset among the five (5) domains of characteristics was deemed most important by student nurses; and (4) establish why student nurses have such perceptions on clinical instructor characteristics. Clinical faculty members have a significant role in the education and development of nursing students. Despite the many studies conducted regarding clinical teaching behaviours, a gap still exists regarding the topic of clinical teaching effectiveness. Exploration of effective characteristics expected from clinical instructors may provide insights to further improve educational programs for student nurses. The study utilized a mixed-method design. Quantitative data were collected by administering questionnaires to 224 student nurses in January 2015. Questions were asked to measure the importance of each of the thirty (30) effective clinical instructor characteristics enumerated. Results were subjected to several statistical measures using the SPPS version 21 (IBM Corp., 2011). Qualitative data, on the other hand, were gathered by conducting 32 key informant interviews to answer the last objective. It was deduced that sex is not a variable in student nurses' perceptions of effective clinical instructor characteristics. Conversely, it was established that difference in academic level poses an effect in students' perceptions of the identified characteristics. Professional competence is deemed to be the most important characteristic among the five (5) domains. It was supported by the inclusion of three (3) competence-related clinical teaching behaviours in the upper half of the roster. By and large, characteristics pointed out by the students during the interviews are clinical teaching behaviours that help them bridge the gap between theory and practice. It was concluded that generally, CIs need both character and competence when aimed at gearing student nurses to become successful members of the profession.


Aim. To evaluate the in-hospital results of the epicardial bipolar radiofrequency ablation of the pulmonary vein in theprevention of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in a pilot randomised multi-centre controlled Pulmonary Vein Ablation (PULVAB).Methods. The pilot study was conducted for the organisation of a multi-centre randomised PULVAB trial. We enrolled 63 CAD patients without a history of AF. The inclusion criterion was CAD demanding CABG; the exclusion criteria were as follows: AF history, antiarrhythmic therapy in anamnesis, significant heart valve disease, severe renal failure and decompensating diabetes mellitus. The patients were randomised into 2 groups. Group I comprised 34 patients who underwent CABG alone, and Group II had 29 patients who underwent CABG combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as the initial tool for POAF prevention. All the procedures were performed by a single surgical team using standardised anaesthetic and perfusion support.Results. There was no in-hospital mortality in either group. There were differences in the duration of the intervention,cardiopulmonary bypass time and the aorta clamping time between groups (p > 0.05). A higher incidence of POAF wasobserved (11 %–32.4 %) in the isolated CABG group than in the CABG combined with PULVAB group (6 %–20.7 %), although the difference was not significant (p = 0.29). In most cases (91 %), AF occurred on the second to third postoperative day, irrespective of the observation group.Conclusion. The combination of CABG and RFA does not complicate the operation and does not increase the duration of the surgery or time of cardiopulmonary bypass. There were no significant differences in the postoperative course or the incidence and structure of complications between the groups. This may indicate the safety of our method. The positive tendency of POAF-cases decrease after preventive epicardial RFA observed in the present study allows us to continue the PULVAB study to gain more statistically significant results.Clin.Trials.gov Identifier: NCT03857711Received 20 February 2020. Revised 29 June 2020. Accepted 2 July 2020.Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.Author contributionsConception and design: A.Sh. Revishvili, V.A. PopovData collection and analysis: M.M. Anishchenko, E.S. Malyshenko, N.V. PopovaStatistical analysis: M.M. AnishchenkoDrafting the article: G.P. Plotnikov, M.M. AnishchenkoCritical revision of the article: A.Sh. Revishvili, V.A. PopovFinal approval of the version to be published: A.Sh. Revishvili, V.A. Popov, E.S. Malyshenko, G.P. Plotnikov, M.M. Anishchenko, N.V. Popova


Disruptive innovation has become a core topic for technology management and indeed a central aspect of the modern industrial revolution. Although considerable attention has been devoted to its emergent properties and selection outcomes, less focus has been given to understand how disruption emerges through evolving and complex interactions that occur during that process. To address this shortfall, this article draws on chaos theory to examine the nature of disruptive innovation as a nonlinear dynamic system. Disruptive innovation can be considered nonlinear because it is time-dependent and deviation-absorbing, and it revolves around identifiable types of attractors appearing in a deterministic context or trajectory. To illustrate and advance these ideas, we study inkjet printer and digital photography technologies using patent application data collected from the United States Patent and Trademark Office. We employ a nonlinear analysis of the correlation dimension to measure the unpredictability of disruptive change and found that both chosen technologies evolved through a nonlinear dynamic process. Furthermore, in light of chaos theory and by way of comparison, we indicated two types of disruption: high-dimensional and low-dimensional chaos. Implications for innovation theory and business practice are explored herein.


To control rice blast, major local rice varieties with different resistances were inter-planted in different proportions in Sinzha town of Jiaohe city and Hailong town of Meihekou city in 2002 and 2003. The results showed that the combination of different rice varieties is effective in controlling rice blast. Combined planting to select different pedigree-resistant varieties is more evident to control rice blast.The control effect on rice blast of Jiyou1 was 95.94%, that of Fengyou301 was 57.14% and 49.21% and that of Chaochan2 was 63.59%. The inter-planting of varieties with different resistance spectrums could reach a better control effect. The combination of Songjing6 and Jiyou1, two varieties with contrastive resistance spectrums, could reach a control effect of 95.94% on rice blast of Jiyou1.


Anabolic androgenic steroids are highly used among athletes, usually to increase muscle mass and strength. Therefore, using a self applicable questionnaire in a transversal study, 305 athletes were interviewed (randomically selected) from the Santa Maria physical fitness clubs, in order to establish many variables related to the use of anabolic steroids. Most participants were men (81.1%) and mean age was 22 years (sd ± 7). Although 29% used food additives, only 2% of the individuals admitted having used anabolic steroids (although 46% of the individuals submitted to the questionnaire know a anabolic steroid user). Two-thirds of the users purchased the drug in drugstores (with no medical prescription) and 35.1% did not know the effects of the drug. Twenty-eight point four percent of the subjects believe that "adequate" doses of anabolic steroids are not harmful to health. Thus, the authors concluded that the main preventive step against the use anabolic steroids is to inform the athletes.


Establishing secret common randomness between two or multiple devices in a network resides at the root of communication security. In its most frequent form of key establishment, the problem is traditionally decomposed into a randomness generation stage (randomness purity is subject to employing often costly true random number generators) and an information-exchange agreement stage, which relies either on public-key infrastructure or on symmetric encryption (key wrapping). In this paper, we propose a secret-common-randomness establishment algorithm for ad hoc networks, which works by harvesting randomness directly from the network routing metadata, thus achieving both pure randomness generation and (implicitly) secret-key agreement. Our algorithm relies on the route discovery phase of an ad hoc network employing the dynamic source routing protocol, is lightweight, and requires relatively little communication overhead. The algorithm is evaluated for various network parameters in an OPNET ad hoc network simulator. Our results show that, in just 10 min, thousands of secret random bits can be generated network-wide, between different pairs in a network of 50 users.


This paper presents a descriptive analysis of the prevalence of depressive symptoms among a national cohort of young Australian women, and the characteristics of those who experience them. It explores the associations between demographic and health-related variables and depressive symptoms in a representative sample of 9333 Australian women aged 22 – 27 years, from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Approximately 30% of these young women indicated that they were experiencing depressive symptoms, as indicated by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). After adjusting for age and rurality of residence, depressive symptoms were related to the following demographic variables: low income, low educational qualifications, a history of unemployment, not being in a relationship, and living arrangements other than living with a partner. Those health-related variables that were significantly associated with depressive symptoms included frequent visits to doctors and medi...


Amplitude and polarization measurements of structured Pc 1 micropulsations obtained in Alaska and in Finland imply that the Pc 1 source lines are near or inside the plasmapause. The measurements give the source lines significantly closer to the earth than are given by Pc 1 dispersion calculations. Specific Pc 1 events are compared with plasmapause positions determined by the Ogo 3 and Ogo 5 satellites. We present some evidence that implies that structured Pc 1 source lines corotate with the earth.


The problem of capturing a satellite in an uncontrolled three-axis tumble is addressed. The proposed solution is a truss which opens and engulfs the satellite, resulting in coincident centers of mass. Torques are then applied to the truss so that it matches the tumble rates of the satellite and remains motionless in the satellite's reference frame. Equations are derived which show how to vary the mass distribution to match any set of inertia moment ratios. The physical system is shown to be controllable. An optimal control algorithm for tumble matching is then derived and a computer simulation is developed.


Pd and carbon nanotube (CNT) composites were prepared by well-dispersed deposition of Pd nanoparticles on commercial CNT, and applied to the selective hydrogenation of benzoic acid (BA) to synthesize cyclohexane carboxylic acid (CCA). The catalysts and the hydrogenation products were analyzed by XRD, TEM, TG, FTIR, UV-Vis absorption, GC and GC-MS, respectively. Hydrogenation process was also optimized through varying the reaction parameters. The results demonstrate that Pd/CNT catalysts possess the highest hydrogenation efficiency, give the full conversion of BA and 100.0% selectivity towards CCA at the optimal hydrogenation conditions, by comparing with some commercial hydrogenation catalysts and Pd/C catalysts with commercial carbonaceous supports. The excellent hydrogenation performance of Pd/CNT is attributed to the stable crystalline CNT support and the high dispersion of Pd nanoparticles. In addition, the protic solvent is also beneficial to lower the activation energy barrier of BA hydrogenation, and further to improve the hydrogenation rate. This work implies that CNT can be potentially chosen as an effective carbonaceous support to prepare Pd/C catalyst with an outstanding performance of BA selective hydrogenation.


The flavonoids of Menziesia ferruginea and M. pilosa are based, mainly, on flavonols. Menziesia ferruginea accumulates derivatives of kaempferol, 7-0-methylkaempferol, quercetin, 7-0methylquercetin, myricetin, and gossypetin, although some individual plants do not have all compounds. The compounds occur as a complex mixture of mono-, di-, and triglycosides some of which occur as acetylated derivatives. Very polar derivatives of kaempferol and quercetin also occur. Triglycosides are of seldom and scattered distribution. Menziesia pilosa has a simpler flavonoid profile; it lacks 7-0-methylated flavonols, triglycosides, and gossypetin. The two species are further distinguished by the presence of an unidentified flavanone in M. ferruginea and dihydromyricetin in M. pilosa. Differences in flavonoid profile were found between material collected from several areas within the range of M. ferruginea but these differences do not correlate with infraspecific taxa that were recognized by earlier workers. The pattern of variation in occurrence of flavonoids is more complex in M. ferruginea than in M. pilosa. ANOVA of principal components analysis axis scores showed that geographical differences are most significant; between-year and within-year variation are less significant. The amount of variation accounted for by these factors, however, is comparatively small; principal components analysis showed that only about 30% of the total variation is accounted for by the first two axes. With respect to infraspecific flavonoid variation, Menziesia resembles the situation described for species of Phlox by Levy and coworkers. Menziesia Smith (Ericaceae) is represented in North America by two species (Fernald 1950); an additional four occur in Japan (Ohwi 1965). The eastern North American species, M. pilosa (Michaux) A. L. Juss., occurs in the Appalachian Mountains from Pennsylvania and Maryland south through Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, and Tennessee to extreme northern Georgia. Menziesia ferruginea Smith occurs in the Rocky Mountains from Alberta and British Columbia south to Wyoming and along the coast from Alaska to northern California as well as on the Queen Charlotte Islands and Vancouver Island (Hitchcock et al. 1959). The Rocky Mountain form has been recognized as a separate taxon, M. glabella A. Gray [=M. ferruginea var. glabella (A. Gray) Peck]. As part of our continuing study of Ericaceae, we undertook an investigation of the flavonoid chemistry of North American Menziesia. Preliminary sampling of plants from distantly separated sites in the range of M. ferruginea showed widely different two-dimensional thin-layer chromatograms. Trial chromatograms of M. pilosa showed a simpler pattern. We felt that a detailed study of the flavonoid profiles would enable us: 1) to compare the overall pattern of the two species with a view toward assessing their relationships; 2) to examine the question of recognition of infraspecific taxa within M. ferruginea from a different perspective; and 3) to comment on the phenomenon of infraspecific flavonoid variation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-seven collections from individual M. ferruginea plants were made; these represented the entire geographic range of the species. An additional 26 collections were made from seven of the southwestern British Columbia plants at different times during the 1982 growing season. Material was collected from 78 individuals of M. pilosa from throughout its range. Sitedata are summarized in table 1. A map of the collection areas is presented in figure 1. For M. ferruginea six areas are identified to which reference will be made in the discussions below: 1) Alaska and Queen Charlotte Islands; 2) southwestern British Columbia, Vancouver Island, and Washington Cascades; 3) Oregon; 4) California; 5) northern mountains of Alberta and British Columbia; and 6) southern Rocky Mountains. The range of distribution of M. pilosa was divided roughly into equal halves: 1) Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia (area 7 in fig. 1) and 2)


This paper describes a decentralized coordination strategy for multi robot patrolling missions. To this effect, the theory of Gaussian Processes (usually used for estimation purposes) is suitably adapted to tackle the problem of harbour patrolling. The introduction of a time varying dependency in the probabilistic formulation (thus allowing for the sampled field to be dynamic, i.e., changing in time) makes the proposed solution suitable for the type of mission considered. Moreover, the advantages of Voronoi tessellations are exploited to automatically distribute the vehicles over the environment. The resulting algorithm takes into account several constraints and can be tailored based on the communication and computational capabilities of the robots, thus making it suitable for heterogeneous systems. Numerical simulations and experiments involving three autonomous marine surface vehicles in a harbour scenario at the Parque Expo site in Lisbon are discussed.


The authors describe the development and validation of a device using transesophageal (TE) Doppler ultrasound to provide continuous and noninvasive monitoring of cardiac output (CO) and related parameters. In intubated and artificially ventilated patients who underwent pulmonary artery catherization for hemodynamic monitoring, CO was determined by the esophageal Doppler ultrasound probe and compared to the results obtained simultaneously by means of thermodilution. A very close correlation was found between the results (r=0.99), with a standard estimate of error less than 5% as well as good reproducibility (r=0.96 and r=0.98).<<ETX>>


The claimant lived in Mexborough in Yorkshire. On 19 June 2009 at approximately 07:00, hewas in his kitchen at home when his wife noted that he was neither walking nor talking normally and was showing weakness on the right side. She promptly telephoned for an ambulance. One of the trust's ambulances arrived at 07:14. It was staffed by two paramedics who examined Mr Lowe and agreed that he had probably suffered a stroke. By 07:20, therefore, they were aware that the patient was in urgent need of emergency medical treatment and that they had, without delay, to decide upon and telephone an alert to the most appropriate accident and emergency (A&E) department. There were only two possibilities: Rotherham District Hospital and Doncaster Royal Infirmary, each of which possessed an A&E department and stroke unit. The crew were very familiar with local traffic conditions and calculated that it would have taken them between 20 and 22min to reach Doncaster, whereas Rotherham could be reached in 5min less. They were also aware that in the event the patient required onward referral to the neurological department at the Royal Hallamshire Hospital in Sheffield, the further ambulance journey would take 10 to 11min from Rotherham but 25 to 26min from Doncaster. An important distinction between the stroke units at the two hospitals was that at certain times of the day Doncaster, but not Rotherham, offered thrombolysis. In 2009, this was a relatively new treatment involving the use of drugs to break down blood clots. However, the service was only available from 08:00 h until 20:00 h at Doncaster, and the ambulance staff knew that prior to 08:00 h, it was not possible to contact the relevant department by telephone. Furthermore, the Ambulance Service's guidance in respect of the period 20:00 to 08:00 h was to ''Manage the patient as their condition dictates, with a pre-alert to emergency department as per local protocol''. In view of all the above considerations, the crew took Mr Lowe to Rotherham District Hospital.


An effective approach to recognize the radar emitter signals is presented, which is based on a novel Spectrum atoms and Hierarchical Decision Strategy. Firstly, a new over-complete multi-scale Spectrum atom dictionary is constructed and the improved MP algorithm is applied to extract the features of radar emitter signals, the optimization of atom dictionary structure and FFT is introduced to effectively reduce the time complexity at each search step of MP. Then, some intrinsic Spectrum atoms describing features of signals are obtained which has the good properties of clustering the same and separating the different kind of radar emitter signals. Finally, a hierarchical decision strategy is exploited to identify signals automatically. Simulation results denote that the proposed approach have good performances of recognition with low SNR, which confirms the validity and feasibility of the approach.


Jaushieh Joseph Wu
Mainland Affairs Council

After President Chen was re-elected for the second term, the government of Taiwan has continuously tried to reach out to China with olive branches and hoped that cross-Strait relations could be improved. No


In this work, the nonlinear rheological properties of kaolinite suspensions as a model fluid were studied. Three kaolinites with different average particle, aspect ratio and asperity were used to gain a deeper understanding of the effects of particle's geometry on yielding, rheology, and apparent slip velocity over a wide range of concentrations in the semi-concentrated to concentrated regime. To reveal the impact of geometry on kaolinite suspension's rheology, atomic force microscopy was employed, thus revealing unique information about the particle's structural differences. The apparent slip velocity was studied through the application of the Mooney technique using experimental data from parallel-plate geometry at various gap spacings. Sandpaper of varying grit was used to eliminate slip and estimate the true rheological parameters including the yield stress of these materials. Kaolinite suspensions were found to follow a Herschel–Bulkley model with yield stress that increases with concentration irrespective of the type of kaolinite particles. The aspect ratio and asperity of particles were found to alter their slip behavior by enabling the kaolinite network to have a tunable yield stress. It was also determined that the existence of resilient larger clusters at higher shear rates often induce higher slip effects.


pages from the treatment of the Beguines. And despite the compression, the same topic might appear more than once—for example, the Fourth Lateran Council. Each of the six parts concludes with a brief but useful bibliography of recommended readings. Although the selected titles are solid and diverse, any teacher using the volume as a textbook will need to supplement this list, particularly with primary sources. The Paulist Press series, Classics of Western Spirituality, comes to mind as a source to flesh out the bones provided by I. and S. The indexing by name and subject is thorough enough, the illustrations are well chosen and well produced, but the maps are merely impressionistic.