EGF has been reported to stimulate thyroid cell proliferation. In the present study we investigated the effects of anti-EGF-R-antibody (Mab 4253 both as monolayers and spheroids of an oxyphilic, non iodine metabolizing, papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line (ONCO-DG-1) and roughly characterized their EGF-R. Scatchard analysis with I-125-labeled-EGF demonstrated a low number of 1.5 x 10(4) EGF-R per monolayer cell (KD 4.1 X 10(-10) M) and only 6 x 10(3) EGF-R per spheroids cell (KD 5.0 X 10(-10) M). Already 80% of the binding sites were blocked by only 0.44 microgram/ml Mab 425. Proliferathe activity and EGF-R were found to be regularly distributed throughout the spheroids. Adding Mab 425 to medium containing 1 ng/ml EGF, inhibited the growth of monolayer cells by 15% (1 ng/ml Mab 425) and 28% (10 ngiml Mab 425), measured by the MTT-test. The volume growth of spheroids was inhibited by 10-15% using 2 micrograms/ml Mab 425, whereas their viability (MTT-Test) was almost identical. The results show that the anti-EGF-R-antibody (Mab 425) alone is not effective enough for therapeutical use, but it could be of clinical value in conjugation with radionuclides (e.g. I-131) in order to reach metastases not metabolizing iodine.


Objectives: The aim of this analysis was to investigate factors associated with dental visits in terms of getting diagnosis and receiving care for diagnosed dental diseases among Korean adults. Methods: Data used in this analysis were from the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey which involved a representative sample of 25,487 adults nineteen years of age and older who resided in Korea. This analysis used data of adults who had completed health interview survey (n


In this paper we conduct a review on the studies on firm growth and suggest some criticism towards growth research so far. We address that it could be time to approach firm growth from processual and cross-disciplinary starting point. Based on this assumption we carried out a literature review of the studies on firm growth, entrepreneurship, organizational change and high-tech industry. We identified the following factors to have an impact on the emergence of growth of a new high-tech firm: 1) resources of the firm, 2) firm's strategic posture, 3) business opportunity, 4) business environment 5) growth behavior, 6) opportunity exploitation, and 7) outcome of the process. Building on these elements and interaction among them we describe the behavior which we call in this paper as generative mechanisms of growth. We also propose a theoretical framework for studying the emergence of growth of a new high-tech firm.


The doctrine of atonement, central to the Christian faith since the days of Augustine, has focused much attention on the atoning work of Jesus Christ's life, death, and resurrection. Despite this Christocentric approach, the theme of atonement predates Christ's work and is pervasive through much of the Old Testament text, with especial concentration in the book of Leviticus. While appeals are not often made to the Levitical text when constructing a doctrine of the atonement, I argue that Leviticus serves as a vital resource for exploring the broad meaning of the atonement.1 The theme of reconciliation between people and their God which is found in Levitical accounts of atonement offers a fresh theological perspective that can be applied when constructing a post-resurrection atonement theory. Many Christian atonement theories are constructed to revolve around New Testament formulations of the meaning of Jesus' life, death, and resurrection, and while it is necessary for contemporary Christians to make Jesus central in any formulation of atonement theology, it is also vital to recognize the role that atonement played in the lives of religious practitioners prior to Jesus. In fact, the process of atonement discussed in Leviticus exposes a vision of atonement that is often absent from purely Christocentric formulations. Thus, an examination of Levitical conceptions of atonement proves to be enlightening when formulating an atonement theory that is able to account for the inconceivable work of grace that occurs when humans, in all of their sin and depravity, are reconciled to a just and perfect God. This reconciling work of atonement is a pivotal point in the law of the Torah. As John Hartley recognizes, the procedures concerning the Day of Atonement found in Leviticus 16 are located centrally in the book of Leviticus even as the book itself is located in the center of the Pentateuch. Hartley suggests that the literary placement of these procedures "highlights the importance of this solemn day for the Israelite community."2 Thus, the position of the specifications regarding the Day of Atonement in the text suggests to Hartley that the theological concept of the atonement was of great significance to the people for whom this atonement was made.3 Deborah Rooke also recognizes the importance of the


We report dynamic Monte Carlo simulations and statistical thermodynamic theories of a lattice-polymer model, in which polymer crystallization and liquid-liquid demixing of semiflexible homopolymer solutions were investigated simultaneously. In our simulations, the equilibrium phase transition temperature was approached by the onset of phase transitions on cooling, when an introduced substrate greatly decreased the kinetic delay caused by the homogeneous nucleation. The simulation results about the phase transition temperatures and their shift due to the interplay of phase transitions showed good agreement with the predictions of mean-field theories. In addition, upon cooling through the monotectic triple point in a concentrated solution, our simulation found that liquid-liquid demixing is kinetically favored over crystallization in the competitation of homogeneous nucleations.


We model recent experiments on the vibrational relaxation of oxirane in a shock tube. A master equation is developed which includes self-collisions of the oxirane, leading to a nonlinear master equation. This master equation is also applied to a more limited study of vibrational relaxation for cyclopropane in a shock tube. The time variation of the temperature dependence of the bath is also included in the calculations. Good agreement between the modeling and experiments are obtained through a fit to the energy transfer parameters. These fits demonstrate that self-collisions are dominant in promoting the relaxation even for mixtures of Kr and oxirane where the oxirane is 2% and 4% dilute. This dominance comes from two sources: (1) much larger energy transfer per collision for oxirane-oxirane collisions and (2) resonant energy transfer effects. For cyclopropane, some of the good fits show smaller energy transfer characteristics for self-collisions than buffer gas collisions. Even in these cases self-collisions are an important part of the energy transfer process through resonant energy transfer effects.


The purpose of this study is to explore how the within-group digital divide occurs among middle-aged and older adults. For this, the statements of twenty middle-aged and older adults aged 55 and above about their daily use of digital devices were qualitatively analyzed based on Creswell's data analysis spiral. Applying the systematic process for coding data, the participants were divided into three groups; the 'following' group that diligently follows the changes for coexistence with the younger generation, the 'lagging' group that was reluctant to follow these changes due to the lack of meaning or necessity of using digital technology, and the 'pushed' group that had no choice but to be pushed by social currents to survive. The semantic units derived from each group were classified based on the micro-environment, awareness of the macro-environment, attitudes toward digital technology acceptance, and digital technology acceptance behaviors, through the categorization process. Based on the contents of the meaning of various sub-themes of each group, this study presented detailed discussions and suggestions for each group. This study is meaningful in empirically exploring the reality of digital technology acceptance experienced in daily life through the voice of middle-aged and older adults in the middle of 'the digital wave'. Also, the findings from this study suggest more effective and customized intervention plans to minimize social exclusion and inequality of middle-aged and older adults living in the digital age.


GaAs nanocrystals have been formed by sequential ion implantation. Sequence of Ga and As ion implantation (ie, Ga + As or As + Ga) is found to affect the size distributions of GaAs nanocrystals significantly. Nanocrystal sizes are much bigger in the samples with Ga implanted first than those with As implanted first. This phenomenon is explained by the different diffusion behaviors of Ga and As species. Different precipitate regions have been observed in the samples implanted with Ga first and then As. Optical absorption measurements show that Ga particles have already formed in the as-implanted stage.


Purpose: The objective of the study is to critically examine the concept of Smart data and its influence in creating Social entrepreneurship involving community engagement. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study involves an in-depth exploratory approach in finding out the technological platform for social entrepreneurship in social engagement. Findings: Finding the best solution to a problem varies in terms of approach.  The term Social Entrepreneurship - sounds vague for some, and the possibilities of its application are virtually limitless, which encompasses a need for boundaries to demarcate its true purpose. Practical Implications: In today's modern world, attempting to draw out the context of business techniques with the aid of information technology to solve social problems is being regarded as an emerging approach referred to as social entrepreneurship. Social Implications: The study confirms the idea of social entrepreneurship is being attributed to its underlying function of fostering community engagement in an attempt to draw out solutions to long-standing social problems. Originality/Value: The vague understanding of social entrepreneurship requires a more in-depth exploration in which this article intends to achieve.


Doubly crosslinked microgel-colloidosomes: a versatile method for pH-responsive capsule assembly using microgels as macro-crosslinkers † A new family of pH-responsive microgel-colloidosomes was prepared using microgel particles as the building blocks and macro-crosslinker. Our simple and versatile method used covalent inter-linking of vinyl-functionalised microgel particles adsorbed to oil droplets to form shells of doubly crosslinked microgels (DX MGs) and was demonstrated using two different microgel types. Hollow particles have been the focus of considerable attention in the literature because of their wide range of potential applications, which include pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, insulation and agriculture. 1–3 Furthermore, hollow particles offer unique functionalisation opportunities that may provide new tissue scaffolds and delivery methods for biologically active agents (cells, proteins, vitamins). 4 The most common approach for constructing hollow particles involves formation of the shell using pre-formed linear polymers, 5,6 which results in uniform shells on the colloidal length scale (i.e., B10 nm to 10 mm). It is becoming increasingly clear that the ability to provide textured surfaces on the colloidal length scale for hollow particles offers advantages in terms of facilitating surface–cell interactions 4 and the ability to selectively release nanometer-sized actives. 7 Here, we introduce a new method for constructing pH-responsive, surface textured, hollow particles that is simple, versatile and able to be performed using environmentally benign conditions (i.e., aqueous solutions with temperature and pH values that, potentially, should not adversely affect biologic species such as cells or proteins). Colloidosomes are micrometer-sized hollow particles that have shells consisting of coagulated or fused colloid particles 3 and were first reported by Velev et al. 8 The term colloidosome was later introduced by Dinsmore et al. 9 Most colloidosomes reported are non-responsive with built-in pore sizes that cannot be changed. This limitation results from their construction using hard particles. To overcome this performance constraint microgel particles have been employed to prepare stimulus-responsive microgel-colloidosomes. 10,11 Microgels are crosslinked polymer particles that swell in a good solvent or when the pH approaches the pK a of the constituent polymer. 12 One of the inherent advantages offered by microgel-colloidosomes is that the pore size within the shells can be tuned using environmental response (e.g., pH 11) which enables triggered release for encapsulated actives. Furthermore, because microgel particles can themselves exhibit triggered release of actives, 13 microgel-colloidosomes could provide opportunity for a hierarchical release system. The surface properties of microgel-colloidosomes (e.g., texture and hydrophobicity) depend on the microgel …


Vapor deposition of a 45-A layer of silver and a subsequent 50−65-A layer of SiO2 onto a glass slide is shown to be a viable substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and a model of the silica surface suitable for adsorption kinetic studies. The chemistry of the silica is characterized by UV absorption and contact angle measurements. The physical structure is probed by atomic force microscopy to compare the surface roughness of the silver-island film and its SiO2 overcoat. Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to probe the silica layer for exposure of silver through gaps in the overcoat. Comparison of SERS of dibenzyl disulfide bound to a silver-island film versus that of a silver film protected by the SiO2 overlayer tests the continuity of the SiO2 film and its ability to block access of adsorbates to the underlying silver surface. The model silica surface is used to detect the Raman spectrum of adsorbed pyridine and its adsorption isotherm; the adsorbat...


Data format of CAD often don't accord with requirements of GIS. The paper analyzes the existent problem during data format transformation from Auto CAD to GIS. Based on GML, a kind of new data format conversion method is put forward and it solves the problem of the data sharing between AutoCAD system and GIS system. After practice certificating, this method can really perform data transformation without any losses.


The increase in commodity fund trading in the agricultural commodity futures markets has raised concern that this trading is degrading the price discovery performance of these markets. We used the Beveridge-Nelson Decomposition procedure to estimate the price discovery performance of the soybean futures and spot markets. We found that the price discovery performance of the soybean futures market has improved along with the increased commodity fund trading. Our results indicated that a portion of the price discovered in the soybean futures market is passed to the spot market.


The Taiwan Red- and Yellow-Cypress are the most important coniferous trees of Taiwan and producing ideal construction timbers of particular usefulness in subtropical countries for anti-termites. Unfortunately these valuable trees, for some reasons to the others to be studied, are now tending to be exterminating. Hence the following problems call for a critical study; 1. Why is Taiwan Cypress endemic to Taiwan and not occurred in any other part of the world? 2. Why are they now exterminating? 3. How to maintain proper forest management and adequate silivicultural method to reserve these valuable species? The summaries and conclusions of the ecological and silvicultural studies of the above problems are as follows: 1. Peculiar climatic conditions occurred in this particular region having a combination effects of high relative humidity, cool temperature, moderate high annual precipitation, and the influence of prevailing typhoons, are the factors controlling the distribution area of these species. 2. Taiwan Red- and Yellow-Cypress are light demanding species. The thick and luxurious undergrowths of the forest floor impeding the fallen seeds in germination and growth and the cutting away of Taiwan Cypress in all the accessible regions and leaving too many over-matured trees bearing no more seeds for natural regeneration in all the accessible places cause a tendency of extermination. 3. The over-matured stands of forest should be cut off in a period of 120 years instead of 40 of the present management plan and to regulate the age class to the "Normal Forest", so that the rate of growth and drain shall be balanced and matched up with the 120-year rotation. 4. Artificial reforestation with seedlings raised from seeds of selected mother-seed trees is the only measure of conserving these valuable species from extinction.


An introduction is presented in which the editors discuss various reports within the issue on topics including the comparison on the dividend policies of local firms and multinational enterprise (MNE), corporate social responsibility (CSR), and stakeholder theory


In this paper, a low noise amplifier suitable for wireless WCDMA systems is designed with AMS 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process. A biasing circuit with temperature compensation is presented. The simulation result in Cadence shows that the LNA can achieve 12.7 dB power gain and 1.7 dB noise figure with 7 mW power consumption at 27/spl deg/C. The gain and NF variations over -45/spl deg/C to 85/spl deg/C are less than 0.4 dB and 0.1 dB respectively.


The unprecedented growth of tourism across the world has given rise to serious discussions on the impact of tourism on the sustainability of destinations. Generally, the impact of tourism on destinations is classified as socio-economic, cultural and environmental impacts. Literature suggests that the support provided by the residents of the local community in tourism destinations is influenced by their perception of the impact of tourism on the destinations. The study attempted to identify the perception of the residents of Kumarakom tourism destination in Kerala, and their support for tourism development. The study found that the residents had an overall high level of perception on the impact of tourism. Regression analysis revealed that while the perceived socio-economic and cultural impact had positive relation to residents' support, the perceived environmental impact was negatively related.


Objective
To systematically analyze the research status and development trend of perioperative pain nursing in China, so as to provide an evidence-based basis and research direction for perioperative pain nursing.

Methods
We built the literature review data base and analyzed the perioperative pain nursing related literatures included by China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) , WanFang data and VIP database from 2012 to 2017 with the method of bibliometrics.

Results
A total of 1 467 literatures were retrieved. The number of literatures was increasing year by year and then declined slightly. The literature sources were main in journal articles published in 269 kinds of journals. The types of literatures focused on clinical trials followed by reviews and case analysis. There were 191 (13.08%) literatures cited more than 5 times and the highest times cited were 165 times. There were 85 literatures supported by research fund accounted for 5.79%.

Conclusions
In recent years, perioperative pain nursing has attracted much attention by researchers in China. However, the group of core authors has not be built. Besides, study types were unbalanced and the overall quality of literatures was low. Researchers should increase the breadth and depth of perioperative pain nursing and explore more perioperative pain nursing plans, which are applicable to our country.

Key words:
Perioperative nursing; Pain; Bibliometrics


Optical add-ons and apps that take advantage of smartphones' connectivity and computing power are opening up opportunities in education, food safety, health care and environmental monitoring.


Objective To observe the clinical effect of swift puncturing with needle-knife in treating abdominal obesity.Method Ninety patients with abdominal obesity were randomized into a treatment group and a control group,45 in each.The treatment group was managed by swift puncturing with needle-knife,and the control group was by electroacupuncture.After 2 treatment courses,the two groups were compared with each other in treatment effect and obesity indexes.Result The markedly effective and recovery rate was 71.1% in the treatment group versus 51.1% in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).The intra-group comparison of obesity indexes showed significant improvement after treatment in both groups(P0.05).After treatment,the waistline,BMI,and TC in the treatment group were significantly better than that in the control group(P0.05).Conclusion Swift puncturing with needle-knife is an effective approach in treating abdominal obesity.


A novel extraction process of enhanced with ultrasonic wave was studied with single factor and orthogonal design.Under the condition of ultrasonic wave with 40kHz and 250W,the optimum condition is:Amygdalus Communis.L kernel of 40mu size immersed for 36h with 1∶9(W/V)Petroleum(30~60℃) has been treated for 0.5h with ultrasonic wave,Under this condition,the rat of extaction arrives at 58.55%.


We demonstrate a novel compact optical magnetic field sensor composed of a single-mode microfiber sagnac loop interferometer (SMSLI) and ferrofluid (FF). The refractive index of FF cladding in the twist area of SMSLI is changed with the externally applied magnetic field, which makes the dip-wavelength of the SMSLI transmission spectra shift. The experimental results show that the transmission spectrum of the proposed sensor shifts regularly with the change of externally applied magnetic field intensity. When the magnetic field intensity increased from 0 to 600 Oe, the dip-wavelength of transmission spectrum shifted nearly 200 pm. In addition, a minimal detectable magnetic field strength of the sensor responding to the 50-Hz alternating magnetic field was demonstrated to be ~3 Oe experimentally.


In the family of heterocyclic compounds, nitrogen containing heterocycles with an oxygen atom are considered to be an important class of compounds in medicinal chemistry because of their interesting diversiÞ ed biological application.[1] During the past few years, considerable evidence has been accumulated that demonstrates the efÞ cacy of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles including antibacterial,[2] anti-inflammatory,[3] anti-malarial,[4] anti-tubercular,[5] anti-hypoglycemic,[6] anti-cancer,[7] anti-leishmanial,[8] antiviral,[9] anti-convulsant,[10] and insecticidal properties.[11] A survey of literature revealed that a slight modiÞ cation in the structure can result in qualitative as well as quantitative changes in the activity, which prompted us to undertake the synthesis of various new 2-aryl-5-substituted -1,3,4oxadiazole derivatives with the aim of having improved activity and lesser toxicity. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vivo anti-inß ammatory activity using a carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method and the results are compared with the standard drug Diclofenac sodium.


Recently a variety of $\pi$-conjugated polymers have been developed and essayed for a number of applications such as organic light-emitting diodes, organic field-effect transistors, organic photovoltaics, and sensors. Is central for these applications the semiconductor character of the pure materials, which can turn into metallic conductivity by local oxydation or reduction. Many very recent experiments show two characteristic peaks in the UV-Vis excitation spectra of the conjugated polymers of interest, both lying in the gap between the energies of the bonding $\pi$ and antibonding $\pi^*$ bands and having excitation energies in a ratio ranging from 1.4 to 1.7. The issue is that $\pi$-electrons are paired in covalent orbitals which interact strongly between them and with the ionic cores, thus being far from the extended quasi-free independent one-electron states assumed by the theory of inorganic semiconductors. A model yielding a mechanism for many-body conduction of charge and semiconducting properties of the undoped material is introduced here. The model yields two new flat bands of excited bonding states of Bose-Einstein statistics able of charge transport. The two bands explain well the characteristic pair of maxima of the UV-Vis excitation spectra of the conductive conjugated polymers.


The flow past a slender delta wing with a sharp leading edge, at incidence, usually separates along this edge, i.e. a vortex layer extends from the edge and rolls up to form a "core" (a region of high vorticity). A potential flow model of this is constructed in which the layer is replaced by a vortex sheet which is rolled up into a spiral in the region of' the "core". This problem is reduced to a two-dimensional one by assuming a conical field and using slender wing theory. The shape and strength of the sheet are determined by the two conditions that it is a stream surface and sustains no pressure difference. Use is made of results previously obtained for the core region and the remaining finite part of the sheet is dealt with by choosing certain functions for its shape and strength. The parameters in these functions are found by satisfying the two conditions stated above at isolated points. Results are Obtained for the pressure distribution, chord loading and normal force coefficient as functions of the ratio of the incidence to the apex angle. The lift for a given incidence is about 15% below that found by Brown and Michael. Flow patterns are indicated in two typical cases. The effect of separation on the drag due to lift of a wing with small thickness is discussed.


Faced with this situation the universities are trying to find various solutions to the students' problem. The University of Malaya has tried various experiments in .the attempt to find the best way to develop reading comprehension. The first of these experiments involved the use of the SRA Reading Laboratory. The object was to find out whether the use of the SRA Reading Laboratory would be more effective in improving reading comprehension than the regular course.


A new method to determine the total harmonic contributions of several customers and the utility at the point of common coupling is presented. The proposed method can quantify the individual harmonic impact of each suspicious harmonic source at the point of common coupling. The individual harmonic impact index is then used to assess the total harmonic contribution of each harmonic source. This index can be calculated by the results processed from instantaneous harmonic voltage and current phasor values. The results demonstrate the performance of the proposed method in terms of steadystate accuracy and response to time-varying operating conditions. The proposed index can be used for billing purposes to control harmonic distortion levels in power systems.


Context Any kind of incident in healthcare could be fatal if it directly threatens patients' safety. Healthcarerelated organisations experience economic loss related to low quality and there could be numerous mistakes due to nurses' performance as the largest group of professionals in healthcare, 3 Hence learning from mistakes, improving the quality of services and patient safety are among the key priorities. 4 Reporting incidents is the main tool for managers and it is the most commonly used method to identify patient safety incidents. By incident reporting, hospitals can educate nurses and implement changes to avoid or decrease the negative effects of recurring errors.


The study of road bases located on subsidence soils is a relevant issue because even though these soils demonstrate considerable strength in a dry state when soaked, they can exhibit sudden subsidence, which can lead to irreparable consequences during the operation of the highway. This article presents the results of laboratory studies of physical and mechanical properties of the soil, the results of field tests of the embankment by plate load test, which in combination provide a completer and more accurate picture of the state of the soil for further design of the highway with minimal costs and losses.


Memory bandwidth in standard computing architectures using DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) is one of the most critical parts of the system, mainly responsible for performance degradation in memory bandwidth demanding computations. Memguard is a kernel module designed to solve this issue, created with the goal to schedule memory bandwidth at the CPU (Central Processing Unit) core level and enabling bandwidth regulation functionalities. In this paper we propose a new implementation of Memguard that can also be utilized in mixed-criticality virtualized computing environments. This involves the regulation of memory bandwidth at the guest level and forwarding memory bandwidth needs to the host, where the requests are enforced. Introduced changes include modifications to the CFS (Completely Faire Scheduler) Linux scheduler to work with the modified Memguard kernel module. The original kernel module and the proposed implementation have been tested on an ARMv8 platform to demonstrate the performance and viability of such extensions on future embedded systems. A specific benchmark suite was used to stay as close as possible to common scenarios, measuring the memory bandwidth and the performance gain when scheduling at this level is introduced. Keywords–Memguard; memory bandwidth scheduling; CFS; virtualization; KVM/ARM.


DC excited discharge in liquid generated in bubbles (He, Ar, Air, N2) has been investigated. V/C characteristics and emission spectra are recorded in the range of currents 10-30 mA. Gas temperature is determined by simulation of OH band with different Trot , Tvib. Trot in He discharge is 1200 K at I=10 mA and linearly increase up to 1600 K with grows of the current. Similar increase of Trot from 1100 K to 1700 K (30 mA) is observed in Ar discharge. In N2 and Air gas temperature is higher and almost constant at different currents: N2 discharge Trot=2200 K (10 mA) and 2500 K (30 mA); Air discharge Trot=2200 K (10-30 mA).


Fractures influence the hydraulic and transport properties of the natural geological formations. The purpose of the present work is to predict the properties of the fractured carbonates, in particular, the percolation status and permeability. These properties can be obtained either using theoretical predictions for some standard cases or applying direct numerical simulations. Both approaches are based on statistical geometrical characteristics of the fracture networks. In the first case, existing models are directly applied. In the second case, the hydraulic properties are obtained by solving the governing flow equations, which are written on the local scale and applied to the fracture network, represented in an explicit way. Since a real fully described 3D sample cannot be provided, reconstructed ones are obtained based on the statistical geometrical characteristics of the real networks. Therefore, these characteristics are essential for the prediction of the hydraulic properties whatever the method. The statistical geometrical characteristics are not always available in explicit form. In order to determine them, some measurements of the field data are required. There are several stereological methods, which can be used to determine the required parameters from the available field measurements (Berkowitz and Adler, 1998; Gupta and Adler, 2006; Thovert and Adler, 2005; Mourzenko et. al., 2011a).


The synthesis of a number of substituted 2-tert-butyladamantan-2-ols from the corresponding ketones is described. In addition to these addition reactions, some unexpected rearrangements were observed. Reaction mechanisms are proposed to rationalize the experimental results. 13 C NMR spectra of some adamantanes are discussed in terms of substituent interaction effects


This chapter contrasts the response to the Wenchuan earthquake (May 2008) which took place in a landlocked region of China with that of the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti, which as an island nation, was theoretically easily accessible to external aid provision via air or sea. In the initial period following the Wenchuan earthquake, the response was wholly internal as a detailed needs assessment was carried out. Once the Chinese authorities had established the scale of response required, international assistance was quickly allowed into the country. Several multimodal solutions were devised to minimize the risk of supply breakdown. Haiti required substantial external aid and logistics support, but severe organizational and infrastructural weaknesses rendered the supply chain extremely vulnerable locally. This translated to a mismatch between the volume of aid supplied and logistics capability, highlighting the importance of "last-mile" distribution management. The two earthquakes posed extreme challenges to the logistics operations, though both required a mix of military and non-military input into the logistics response. Nonetheless, in each case the non-standard logistics solutions which were devised broadly met the requirements for effective aid distribution in extreme environments.


Definitive treatment with concurrent cisplatin and radiation is the standard of care for locally advanced cervix cancer. The optimal management of patients with a contraindication to cisplatin has not been established. We conducted a retrospective audit of concurrent chemotherapy in a cohort of patients with locally advanced cervix cancer.


Ethyl 2-cyano-2-(1,2,4-trizol-5-ylhydrazono)acetate (2a) cyclised in aqueous ethanol to a mixture of ethyl 7-amino-1,2,4-triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-6-carboxylate (3a) and 4,7-dihydro-7-oxo-1,2,4-triazolo[5,1-c]-[1,2,4]triazine-6-carbonitrile (4a); in acetic acid the product was mainly the amino-ester (3a) whereas in pyridine or collidine, salts of the oxo-nitrile (4a) were formed exclusively. Similar solvent effects controlled the cyclisation of the cyano(pyrazol-5-ylhydrazono)acetate (2c), but the corresponding cyano(tetrazol-5-ylhvdrazono)acetate (2d) gave only the amino-ester (3d) in acetic acid or pyridine. 2-(1,2,4-Triazol-5-ylhydrazono)malononitrile (17) cyclised unambiguouly to 7-amino-1,2,4-trizolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-6-carbonitrile (18) in acetic acid or aqueous ethanol.Drastic hydrolysis of the hydrazones (2a) and (17) and the triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines (3a), (4a), and (18) with 6N-hydrochloric acid gave a hydrate of 1,2,4-triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-7(4H)-one (24). Selective hydrolysis of the same triazolotriazines afforded intermediates which were identical with known derivatives and which served to establish the [5,1-c] geometry of ring fusion. Mass spectral fragmentation of 7-aminoazolo[5,1-c]-[1,2,4]triazines confirms that the azole ring is more stable than the 1,2,4-triazine ring on electron impact.


Orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) is an efficient method for decomposing a seismic trace with regard to an atom dictionary. The original OMP optimizes one unique single objective in terms of successively maximizing the inner product between an atom and its corresponding residual at different approximating levels. Though the inner product effectively measures signal similarity at a global time scale, it tends to neglect localizing an atom whose peak position plays a key role in seismic reconstruction. To address this limitation, we propose a peak colocalized orthogonal matching pursuit (PCOMP) strategy that optimizes two objectives, i.e., signal correlation and peak colocalization, both of which are defined based on signal residuals and atoms. Compared with the original OMP, the PCOMP extends a much larger search space in favor of more accurate seismic reconstruction. In this scenario, the genetic algorithm (GA) used for solving the original OMP is not suitable for the PCOMP. Therefore, we propose to solve the two objective optimization problem by exploiting an improved nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) algorithm, which not only increases the diversity of searching for optimization and but also reduces the reconstruction error over the GA. Furthermore, the constrained atom positions obtained from the peak colocalization objective enable efficient convergence. Experiments for seismic data validate the advantages of the proposed PCOMP.


The article is devoted to the questions of stone influence on culture. The connection between man and stone over long period of the human society formation is traced in this paper. A stone is an important technological material of antiquity as it is illustrated by the archaeological cultures which are entirely based on mineral raw materials. A dominant influence of raw on culture is justified with the examples of the archaeological sites in Western Transbaikalia.Another important conclusion is that stone is an element of esoteric knowledge of the Ancient East. Ancient civilizations traditionally gave the stones, especially semi-precious and precious ones, the leading role in the ceremonies, and besides they used them as medicines. This phenomenon was peculiar to both countries: the Ancient East and the modern European civilization.On the example of the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and Front Asia there is a description of usage of semi-precious and precious stones in occult practice and everyday life. The importance and role of stone in forming and development European civilization also discusses. A characterization of the mineral raw materials use as a building material and luxury goods is given.In conclusions the several positions are given. Firstly, considering the archaeological data of the Stone Age, it is concluded that man had a high level of handling for the production of stone tools. Secondly, the most actively used in esoteric varieties are: beryl (emerald, aquamarine, heliodor), corundum (ruby and sapphire), and quartz (rock crystal, amethyst, smoky quartz, chalcedony, jasper), as well as garnet, lapis lazuli and turquoise.


Objection:To observe the result through treating patients with thrombotic cerebral infaration by Xie-Sai-Tong injection iv gtt and Nimodipine tebles in oral. Methods:52 cases of thrombotic cerebral infarction were randomly divided into Xie-Sai-Tong group and contoral group:The former was 28 cases, on the basis of cause and routine cure .using Xie-Sai-Tong injection 500mg iv gtt. qd (ad 5%G.s or 0.9%N.s)and Nimodipine tebles 20mg Tid in oral. The later was 24 cases on the basis of cause and routine cure using DanSen injection 2oml iv gtt qd (ad 5%G.s or 0.9%N.s).After four weeks observe the cases of changes of the clinic syndrome and sign and head's CT. Results:The group of Xie-Sai-Tong's sum efficiency rate was 74%. The control group's sum efficiency rate was 49.7%. Conclusion:Xie-Sai-Tong Injection iv gtt and Nimodipine teble in oral can greatly improve the thrombotic cerebral infarction patients syndrome and sign.


For H1N1pdm were grouped within clade 6B.1, and related to the strain of vaccine reference for that year, regarding the H3 subtype were grouped within genotype 3C.2a, which are related to the strain of vaccine reference for the H3N2 subtype recommended by WHO in the formulation of the 2016 Southern Hemisphere and 2017-18 Northern Hemisphere (A/Hong Kong/ 4801/2014), but other group of Ecuadorian samples from 2017, were genetically related to clade 3C.3a, this cluster is more related to Northern Hemisphere Vaccine strain 2015-2016 and Southern Hemisphere 2015 (A/Switzerland/9715293/2013), so we could observe different genetic lineages of H3N2 subtype co-circulate in Ecuador during 2017. In the case of Influenza B we also had a co-circulation of Yamagata and Victoria lineages but the trivalent formulation only had Victoria lineages.


Communication Technology and Network Technology are the key factors to M-learning, and at the same time constraints. This study combines the features of M-learning in digital, in multimedia, networking, intelligent and happening whenever and wherever, analyzes key factors affecting M-learning based on Communication Technology and Network Technology, and expects to find a basis for Network Platform's design and development.


In many areas of the world, rainwater has been collected and consumed by people. Our research aims to assess the use of rainwater and the impact of operation and maintenance activities of the rainwater system on drinking water quality in rural areas where there is no access to a public drinking water system. Through the questionnaire, direct visits, interviews and sampling of water at surveyed households (HHs), it was found that 100 and 98% of surveyed HHs used rainwater for drinking and cooking, respectively. Nearly, 80% of them were aware of the necessity of frequent reservoir cleaning as well as first-flush removal. Cleaning the water reservoir had a significant impact on water quality, in particular the total dissolved solids (p-value < 0.05). The use of strainers and more frequency of cleaning the catchment roofs and gutters would make the lower turbidity in water. However, the use of strainers would reduce the dissolution of oxygen in the reservoirs. A recommendation on the frequency of maintaining the rainwater harvesting systems was proposed after assessment of the operation and maintenance behaviors at surveyed HHs.


There a re several advantages of inverse imaging over present standa rd imagin g methods such as improved spatia l resolu tion , freedom from multiple scattering and reverberation ar tifacts, a nd t rue qua nt itat ive ima ging. We verify th ese ad van tages a nd illum ina te t he progression from theory to simulat ion, to labo ratory experiments, and finally to planned field exp eriments. We show examples of inverse scat t ering in radar, sonar , and low-frequency elect romag net ic (EM) radi ation in a geophysical contex t , and compa re th ese ima ges with conventional methods. We discuss the import a nce of calibration in ord er to implement inverse sca ttering procedures, a nd expla in how such calibration is effected. We summa rize the requ irement s for proper implement at ion of inverse scattering ima ging and po int out where such met hods will yield real benefits over standard imaging techniques. The paper a lso enumerat es t he fact ors requ ired for t he development of practical field inverse scatterin g imagin g devices. 1 Ackn owledgm ents are given at th e end of thi s paper.


Abstract Disclaimer In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Purpose The purpose of this manuscript is to describe our experience developing an antimicrobial stewardship (AS) module as a clinical decision support tool in the Epic electronic health record (EHR). Summary Clinical decision support systems within the EHR can be used to decrease use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, improve antibiotic selection and dosing, decrease adverse effects, reduce antibiotic costs, and reduce the development of antibiotic resistance. The Johns Hopkins Hospital constructed an AS module within Epic. Customized stewardship alerts and scoring systems were developed to triage patients requiring stewardship intervention. This required a multidisciplinary approach with a team comprising AS physicians and pharmacists and Epic information technology personnel, with assistance from clinical microbiology and infection control when necessary. In addition, an intervention database was enhanced with stewardship-specific interventions, and workbench reports were developed specific to AS needs. We herein review the process, advantages, and challenges associated with the development of the Epic AS module. Conclusion Customizing an AS module in an EHR requires significant time and expertise in antimicrobials; however, AS modules have the potential to improve the efficiency of AS personnel in performing daily stewardship activities and reporting through a single system.


My 1985 article presented a revised strain theory, which stated that delinquency results from the blockage of pain-avoidance behavior as well as the blockage of goal-seeking behavior. The article had some success, laying the groundwork for my "general strain theory," now one of the leading explanations of crime and delinquency (Agnew 1992, 2007). This reflection describes how the article revised strain theory, how I built on the article, and the research inspired by the article.Most strain theories state that delinquency results when individuals are unable to achieve their goals through legitimate channels. These theories focus on the goal of monetary success or the somewhat broader goal of middle-class status (Merton 1938; Cloward and Ohlin 1960; Cohen 1955). Lower class individuals are said to have special trouble achieving these goals because they are less well prepared for school, attend inferior schools and lack the means for advanced educations. The frustration that results from this goal blockage increases the likelihood of crime; individuals may try to obtain money through acts such as theft and drug selling, may strike out at others in their anger or may focus on alternative goals that are conducive to crime (e.g., masculinity goals emphasiz-ing toughness). Strain theories were the leading theories of crime in the 50s and 60s and they had a major effect on public policy, being an inspiration for the War on Poverty. But by the 1980s strain theories had come under serious attack, they had little effect on crime research, and several prominent criminologists were arguing that they should be abandoned


The World Health Organization developed and disseminated a vaccine introduction readiness assessment tool.1 This key instrument guides all countries to be strategic in COVID19 vaccination rollout that includes decisive planning and implementation, data and monitoring, supply and logistics, and acceptance and demand. In a recent correspondence, Cordero2 has succinctly pointed out that, 'every person deserves the right to choose which brand of vaccine he or she will get for protection.' The author has rightfully reiterated that public officials should not take away the fundamental right of human freedom in the implementation of the government's COVID-19 vaccination program. In other words, the government's key role is to be proactive, transparent and efficient in COVID-19 vaccines procurement and rollout to promote public trust to reach herd immunity. However, Philippines' recent House Bill 9252 or 'Mandatory COVID-19 Immunization Act of 2021' alarmed the public as it sought to require all Filipinos to receive the vaccine for free at any government hospital or health center, except for those persons unfit due to medical conditions.3 At the moment, the said proposed bill is too premature to push through due to uncertainties and vulnerabilities of COVID19 vaccination program in the Philippines. Indeed, freedom to choose vaccine must be encouraged by the government because most Filipinos mistrust China's Sinovac.4 Thus, this paper addresses two salient points. First, it critically analyzes the urgent need to harness the Philippine government's strategic policy-making, decision-making and centralization of delegation on the acceleration of COVID19 vaccination rollout. Second, it strongly urges the Philippine government's Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF) for Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases and the National Task Force (NTF) to provide a more concrete, detailed and longterm strategic plan to the public by leveraging multilateral and multi-faceted approach on its 'focus and expand' strategy5 on COVID-19 vaccination program. To expedite the procurement and administration of COVID-19 vaccines, Philippine President Rodrigo Roa Duterte recently signed into law the 'COVID-19 Vaccination Program Act of 2021.'6 This law allocates P =500 million for the COVID-19 National Vaccine Immunity Fund to compensate vaccine recipients who will experience serious adverse effects or die thereafter the vaccination. It guides strategic policymaking, decisions and delegation of IATF and the NTF. However, efficient implementation of COVID-19 vaccination rollout still remains unclear. The government must address a joint coordinated action plan and implementation of strategic policy, reflect on critical loopholes and empower more centralized multi-faceted delegation to qualified public and private sectors to address lack of sufficient frontline healthcare manpower, healthcare facilities and concrete mobilization through multilateral vaccination rollout. The Philippines shows a gradual progress but slow vaccination rollout. With the previous arrival of vaccine doses from Sinovac-made 'CoronaVac' and Sputnik V, the country received another more than 2 million doses from Oxford AztraZeneca, on 8 May 2021 and 193, 050 doses from BioNTech Pfizer on 10 May 2021. But, IATF and NTF against COVID-19 'focus and expand' strategy reveal inefficiency of vaccination rollout of Oxford AztraZeneca vaccines that will expire on 30 June 2021. Filipinos cannot afford to waste these vaccines. The public urges the government to let private sectors help in vaccine rollout.7 This implies leveraging strategic preparedness on vaccination rollout as the Philippines expects more 20 million vaccines to arrive on June 2020. Therefore, the Philippines' COVID-19 vaccination program should harness a multilateral and multi-faceted strategic policy to address the loopholes of accelerating vaccination rollout.


(GUwXTT.MAN Rita GUTTMAN Rita, LEWIS Stephen & RINZEL John Control of repetitive firing in squid axon membrane as a model for a neuroneoscillator. 305, 377, 1980 Guz A. ('Ross Brenda A., GRANT B.J.B., Guz A., JONES P. W' , SEMPLE S.J.G. & STID WILL R.P. Dependence of phrenic motoneurone output on the oscillatory component of arterial blood gas composition. 290, 163, 1979 ('Ross Brenda A.,Guz A. & JONES P.W Summation of phasic lung volume reflexes between the two lungs in (logs. 292, 66P, 1979 BREWER A.. ()Ross Brenda A., DA VEY A.. Guz A., JONES P.. KA TONA P., MACLEAN M.,MURPHY K., SEMPLE S.J.G.. SOLOMONS Al. & STIDWILL R.P. Effect of spinal cord blockade on steady state ventilatory response toelectrically induced exercise in anaesthetized dogs. 296, 46P, 1979 BREWER A.. (RoSS Brenda A., DAVEY A.. GuzA., JONES P., KATONA P., MACLEAN M., MURPHYK., SEMPLE 'S.J.G. SOLOMON Margaret & STIDWILL R. Effect of electrically induced exercise in anaesthetized dogs on ventilation and arterial pH. 298, 49P, 1980 ('Ross Brenda A.. Guz A.. KATONA P., MA('LEAN M., MuRPHY K., SEMPLES.J.G. & STIDWILL R. Is the missing link between ventilation and CO2 production during exercise to be found within the arterial pH oscillation? 307, 43P, 1980 ADAMS L..("Ross Brenda A., FRANKEL H..FUrRNEAtrx R., GARLICK Julia. Guz A., MURPHY K. & SEMPLE S.J.G. Effect of spinal cord transaction on the steady-state ventilatory response to exercise in man. 308, 63P, 1980 ADAM.-, L., ('ROSS Brenda A., FRANKEL H., FU.RNEAtUX R., GARLICK Julia, Guz A., MURPHY K. & SEMPLE S.J.0(. The dynamics of the ventilatory response to voluntary and electrically induced exercise in man: the influence of the spinal cord. 310, 67P, 1981 ADAM.SX L.. (ROSS Brenda A., FRANKEL H., FuENREA ux R., GARLICK Julia,Gurz A., MUTRPHY K. & SEMPLE S.J.G. A method for inducing leg exercise electrically in man. (D) 315, 6P, 1981 ('Ross Brenda A., Guz A. & JONES P. IV. The summation of left and right lung volume information in the control of breathing in dogs. 321, 449, 1981 GUZMAN J. GA YOTO L.(', GUTZMAN J., MACEDO BRITO E.,.MIEESS., PONTIERIVfera, RAIA S. & ROCHA E. SSILVA Jr. M. Bradykinin release into portal blood during haemorrhagic shock. 292, 80P, 1979 G(WILT M. DOLLYJ.O. GWILTM. TSE('K. & WRAY D. Interaction between botulinum neurotoxin and,f-bungarotoxin at the rat neuromuscular junction. 317, 91P, 1981 GYBELS J. GYBELS J., HAND WERKER H.O. & Van HEES J. A comparison between the discharges of human nociceptive nerve fibres and the subject's ratings of his sensations. 292, 193, 1979 GYLFE Erik ABRAHAMSSON HAkan, GYLFE Erik & HELLMAN Bo Influence of external calcium ions on labelled calcium efflux from pancreatic fl-cells and insulin granules in mice. 311, 541, 1981 HAAB P. HAAB P., HAAG J.R. Py P., TEmPINI A. & TSCHOPP M. In vivo versus in vitro measurement of relative 02 and CO affinity for sheep blood. (D) (T) 318, 5P, 1981 HAAG J.R. HAAB P.. HAAG J.R.. Pi P.. TEMPINI A. & TSCHOPP Al. In vivo versus in vitro measurement of relative 02 andCO affinity for sheep blood. (D) (T) 318, 5P, 1981 HAAS H.L. HAAS H.L. & RYALL R. IV. Presynaptic facilitation by enkephalin in the hippocampus. 301, 37P, 1980 HAAS H.L. & RYALL R.VIt Is excitation by enkephalins of hippocampal neurones in the rat due to presynaptic facilitation or to disinhibitioni? 308, 315, 1980 HAAS H.L. & ROSE G. Is disinhibition a component of hippocampal long-term potentiation? 318, 27P, 1981 HABARA Y. HABARA 2., KAN.NO T. & SAITO A. Cold acclimation in the secretary responses of the isolated exocrine pancreas of the rat. 293, 447, 1979 HACKENBERG Hans-Michael (GRoss Rainer, HACKENBERa Hans-Michael, HACmKENTHAL Eherhard & KIrCEHEIXm Hartmut Interaction between perfusion pressure and sympathetic nerves in renin release by carotid baroreflex in conscious dogs. 313, 237, 1981 HACKENTHAL Eberhard GROSS Rainer, HACKENBERG Hans-Michael, HAcKENTHAL Eberhard & KIRCHHEIM Hartmut Interaction between perfusion pressure and sympathetic nerves in renin release by carotid baroreflex in conscious dogs. 313, 237, 1981


These days' technologies offer new channels to reach public and market, the convergence between the various communications fields increases which is in marketing public relations strategies used to for developing a brand awareness the product such as coffee products. This paper likewise provides a solution to develop a brand awareness via media store sellers who might help the company to promote their products in light of consumer behavior. In this study, one hundred and fifteen questionnaires, on facilities available in the society, and technology distributed online, and it focuses on generations millennial in Taiwan. The purpose of the survey will focus on coffee products from Indonesia which is called Coffindo Nusantara from Coffindo Company.


Abstract Soaking is an essential step in wet-milling of rice flour. The effects of soaking duration and temperature (5 and 25 °C) on the properties of rice flour have been investigated. The uptake of water by rice kernels increased with temperature and reached a plateau at about 30–35%. Protein, lipid, and ash leached out during soaking. The moisture content after soaking appeared to be a key factor on loosening the structure of rice kernels, which resulted in the production of small particle flours with little starch damage. The particle size of flours did not alter the gelatinisation temperature (T o and T p ) in DSC thermograms. Small particle and low lipid content flours appeared to have high peak viscosity measured by RVA. The change in microstructure of rice kernels during soaking was also examined by SEM.


This study aimed at evaluating Musa paradisiaca (banana peel) pectin as a pharmaceutical excipients (binder) in ciprofloxacin tablet formulation. The banana peel pectin was extracted from the peel of Musa paradisiaca (banana). The granules formulated were evaluated for micromeritic properties. The granules were then compressed to tablets at a compression pressure of 30N/m. The resulting ciprofloxacin tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability and disintegration time, in vitro dissolution studies and release kinetics. The extracted banana peel pectin was found to contain the following phytochemicals – flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, reducing sugar, saponins, alkaloids, phytosteroids and glycosides. However, steroids, anthraquinones, phenols and terpenoids were absent. The different batches of formulated granules were free flowing with angle of repose between 17.21 + 0.20 to 23.45 + 3.50; bulk density (0.39 + 0.03 to 0.48 + 0.04); tapped density (0.05 + 0.04 to 0.52 + 0.01); compressibility index (8.15 + 3.10 to 13.46 + 1.80); Hausner's ratio (1.09 + 0.03 to 1.16 + 0.03) and flow rate (0.27 + 0.07 to 0.59 + 0.29). All formulated ciprofloxacin tablets were uniform in weight. Their hardness were satisfactory (4.01 + 0.07 to 6.54 + 1.02 kg/cm); friability values ranging from 0.67 to 1.10% with tablets formulated with banana peel pectin being less friable. The tablets disintegrated within 15 min except those formulated with 10% w/v binder – Acacia 10% w/v (18.40 + 0.26), PVP 10% w/v (16.20 + 0.20) and banana peel pectin 10% w/v (18.20 + 0.50), minutes respectively. Increase in the binder concentration resulted in a corresponding increase in hardness and disintegration time but decrease in percentage friability. All batches fitted into the Higuchi model release kinetics. Banana peel pectin exhibited good binding property comparable to those of the standard Acacia BP and polyvinylpyvrodone BP powders.


To enhance the accuracy of system-level ESD simulation, single components on the printed circuit board (PCB) are required to be precisely modeled. A new method of capacitor modeling is presented. The model has been evaluated in different simulation software and verified in several ceramic capacitors. A comparison of measurements and simulation results have been carried out and the simulation accuracy of peak voltage is high.


Social movements are singing movements. Such a confident assertion may strike the reader as an exaggeration, but history repeatedly bears witness to the power of song in not only creating solidarity amongst a movement's members but also of stating simply and clearly the foundational beliefs of the movement. A key tool in understanding the Lutheran Reformation, the American Revolution, the Civil War, the abolitionist struggle, the Civil Rights movement, the Vietnam War protest, and the fight against apartheid in South Africa is the songs of the movements: "A mighty fortress is our God," "Yankee Doodle," "Dixie," "John Brown's Body," "We shall overcome," "Give peace a chance," and "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika." While studying a movement's leaders, writers, and academics is essential to understanding its basic beliefs, it is also incumbent upon the scholar to study the songs of a movement, for it is often through song that a movement distills and spreads its message. As such, the songs often are key to understanding the core beliefs of the average member of a movement.The hymns of the Social Gospel movement have received relatively little analysis. This late-eighteenthto early-nineteenth-century Christian movement was marked by a positive anthropology, a belief in the social salvation of humanity, and a postmillennial eschatology (the belief that Christ could return only after the millennial reign of peace described in Revelation 20) that committed its members to the work of social uplift for the common good of humanity. When the high watermark of historical optimism in the United States between the Civil War and World War I was conjoined to scientific notions of evolution, proponents began to view world history as a steady positive progression towards a time of peace and prosperity in the kingdom of God that was, as movement leader Walter Rauschenbusch famously remarked, "always but coming." While considerable study has been undertaken to help us understand the theological foundations of the movement, most studies tend to focus (quite appropriately) on the historical and theological development of the movement and the writings of its renowned leaders: Richard Ely, Washington Gladden, Walter Rauschenbusch, and others. Even those articles that deal explicitly with Social Gospel hymns tend to focus either on the historical development of the Social Gospel hymnals1 or on giving a broader outiine of Social Gospel hymnody by focusing on the most well-known and enduring of the hymns (e.g., "O Master, let me walk with thee," "O holy city seen of John," and "Where cross the crowded ways of life").2This paper will analyze the structure and hymn texts from Social Hymns of Brotherhood and Aspiration3 to ascertain the sung beliefs of a certain cross-section of the Social Gospel movement. Many aspects of the movement are so obvious they need no further comment. For instance, the role of Jesus as a moral exemplar and the movement's commitment to the poor and marginalized are the very foundations upon which the movement was built and are ubiquitous in the hymnal. Yet through analysis of the hymn texts, two other themes rise to the surface. First, there is a firm commitment to a growing theological and social unity exemplified in the brotherhood of man. Second, the hymns present a range of eschatological beliefs from the assumed optimistic and largely anthropocentric postmillennialism to a more tempered theocentric postmillennialism. In the former, it is primarily humanity that is expected to bring about the millennium of peace through works of social activism, while the latter envisions a symbiotic relationship between God and humanity that would usher in the millennial reign. Both of these themes allow one to note the strengths of the movement as well as the weaknesses, particularly the white, male, middle-toupper-class cultural norms that too often undergirded the movement's theological and anthropological assumptions (borne out most plainly in the great majority of hymn texts that are authored by privileged white males). …


Although the mechanism of action of the ketogenic diet (KD) remains unknown, ketones have been used as a marker of efficacy. Acetoacetate, acetone, and beta‐hydroxybutyrate can be measured in urine, blood, and breath. The value of these measures is reviewed in this paper. Future brain measures hold promise as markers of efficacy, but research focused on the mechanisms of the KD should help to develop more reliable markers of efficacy.


To investigate the effect of the superzone gap on the Fermi surface, we have measured the field dependence of specific heat of UNiGa in the field H // c -axis. The electronic specific heat coefficient γ, being 48 mJ/K 2 mole in the high-field ferromagnetic (F) phase, decreases by 10% in the low-field antiferromagnetic (AF) phase. This is the first direct evidence of the superzone-gap formation, which should play an important role in the giant magnetoresistance in this compound. A clear nuclear contribution to the specific heat is found below 0.4 K, which is mainly due to Ga sites sandwiched by the ferromagnetically coupled U layers, and the estimated hyperfine field is ∼8 Tesla.


Understanding unsaturated soil behavior is key to the design of foundations and embankment structures. Geotechnical engineers have applied net normal stress and matric suction to these engineering problems. Water retention activity in soils is used to predict seepage problems and stability of slope failures. Soil–Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC) tests contribute largely to matric suction interpretation. Determination of SWCCs in the laboratory is usually done using a pressure plate apparatus where vertical or confining stress cannot be applied. Mathematical models of SWCC though commonly accepted in geotechnical engineering practices, do not take into consideration stress conditions such as the difference between a one-dimensional condition and isotropic confining conditions. This study conducted SWCC tests of a silt soil under one-dimensional and isotropic confining stress conditions and focused on the differences between these types of SWCC data sets. Vertical and isotropic confining stresses ranging from 100 to 600 kPa were applied under both stress conditions. SWCCs appears to be affected by the influence of different stress conditions. Lateral pressure and confinement on an isotropic compression condition caused the soil specimen to become dense in void structure and consequently, soil moisture flow movement decreased. This probably induced high retention activities in the silt soil specimen. The study further suggests that the current SWCC models require further development to take into consideration the effect of different stress conditions.


Anumber of performance issues must be addressed in order to transmit continuous media stream over the Internet with acceptable quality [9, 6] . These include reducing jitter and recovering from packet losses mainly due to congestion in the routers . Several methods can be used to deal with the loss of a packet such as : retransmission schemes, error concealment, error resilience, interleaving, and FEC (forward error correction) . Each has its advantages/disadvantages depending on the network scenario and conditions (RTT, propagation delay, topology, channel error rate, congestion in the sender/receiver path, etc.) . In this work we focus on FEC techniques. FEC works by adding redundant information to the stream being transmitted in order to reconstruct the original stream at the receiver when packet losses occur. Among its advantages are the small delays introduced to recover information compared to retransmission, for instance, and simplicity of implementation . A clear disadvantage is the increase in the transmission rate due to the redundancy added. One of the simplest approaches among FEC techniques that have been proposed in the literature [11] is to add a packet to each group of N 1 packets with a payload equal to the result of an XOR operation performed in the group. Clearly, if one packet out of the N is lost, the stream is completely recovered . This is accomplished at the expense ofextra bandwidth, in this example an increase of 1/(N 1) . In [4] a clever FEC scheme was proposed in which each packet carries a sample of the previous transmitted packet but compression is used to reduce the overhead . In [7] another technique was developed aimed at maintaining a good compromise between recovery efficiency and bandwidth usage. Since packet losses are mostly due to congestion, increasing the amount of protection using FEC may be unfair to flow controlled streams and also may even have an adverse effect on the results [1] . Therefore, the FEC algorithm should be carefully chosen according to the error characteristics ofthe path between the sender and receiver. Another issue is to develop accurate models ofthe loss process . Many studies exist to characterize the loss process [2, 14, 8] . Simple models such as the Bernoulli process, the Gilbert model and sophisticated Markov models have been proposed. Using either the Bernoulli or the Gilbert process, the work of[3] propose an adaptive algorithm based on the FECscheme of[4] . Recently, the work of Salamatian and Vaton [13] has shown that Hidden


A new design of spatial scanning motion control system based on TSC695-FPGA structure is presented.This structure,with TSC695 as algorithmic processor,and XCV600 FPGA as PWM waveform generator and data sampling/communicating manager,integrates the Float Point Unit and Error Detection and Correction of TSC695,and the parallel processing capability of FPGA.The experiment results show that,comparing with traditional industrial control processor,this structure can distinctly improve control reliability and precision of spatial scanning motion control system.


Terahertz functionality-switchable devices have drawn more and more attention in the past few years. Here we report a graphene-VO2 based planar terahertz metamaterial model which can support switchable functions between perfect absorption and circular dichroism (CD) by changing the phase of VO2. In particular, when VO2 is in the metal phase or insulator phase, the device can respectively work as a broadband perfect absorber with maximum absorption larger than 99% or an absorber with a CD value as high as about 0.5 for the left-handed polarized and right-handed polarized beams. We employ the coherent light absorption theory and mode coupling model of the U-shaped resonators to interpret the underlying mechanism of the device. Meanwhile, the performance of the device can be modulated on purpose by changing the chemical potential of graphene or the thickness of the SiO2 spacer layer.


Interpretation Policy frequently asked questions are meant to provide Canadians and businesses with basic information for the 10 most accessed regulations found on ISED's Acts and Regulation web page.


Within the northern part of Thailand lies the Lampang-Theon fault zone (LTFZ), one of the most important active fault zones in the region, as testified by historical and instrumental seismicity. However, the LTFZ has received no detailed study. In this work, two fault segments; the Ton Ngoon and Ban Mai segments near the Lampang province were clarified by remote sensing and trench-log interpretations, and chronological investigation including seismicity investigation. From trench-log interpretations, the Ton Ngoon segment revealed two obvious palaeo-earthquakes which, by thermoluminescence (TL) and accelerator mass spectrophotometric (AMS) radiocarbon dating of samples, occurred approximately 1,800 and 3,500 years ago. The rate of the last fault movement was 0.18 mm/yr with a recurrence interval for large earthquakes of 1,700 years. The Ban Mai segment revealed a single main palaeo-earthquake which, by TL-dating, occurred some 3,800 years ago with a slip rate of approximately 0.06 mm/yr. The current seismicity investigation (i.e. b value) of the LTFZ and the Phrae fault zone (PFZ) revealed a lower b value for the LTFZ which can generate more earthquake activity than the PFZ. Sliding time window analysis, containing 30 earthquake events and five event shifts, revealed temporal variations in the b value in the Lampang-Theon fault zone. Three significant drops in the LTFZ b value down to 1-1.2 coincide with the occurrence of Mw 3-4 earthquakes. Thus these conditions successfully analyze the b(t) in the LTFZ and can be applied for forecasting the occurrence of small to intermediate earthquakes in other specific areas.


This paper gives a proper overview on various possibilities for power generation from biomass in small-scale. One should note that the concept power generation from biomass in the article refers straight to combined heat and power (CHP) production based on biomass. Fast pyrolysis of hazelnut cupula was also investigated experimentally in a fixed-bed reactor under various conditions. The fixed-bed fast pyrolysis experiments have been conducted on a sample of hazelnut cupula in a fixed-bed reactor to determine particularly the effects of pyrolysis temperature, and ZnO catalyst on the pyrolysis product yields and the quality of liquid products. The reactor was heated at a heating rate of 200 oC per minute to a pyrolysis temperature of 400, 500, 600 and 700 oC. Experiments show that the maximum oil yields of 52.5% and 57.6% were obtained without and with catalyst at 600 oC, respectively. An increased of 5.0 percent was achieved when compared without catalyst.


In the UK, guidelines from the Royal College of Pathologists (RCPath) facilitate consistent and reproducible reporting and classification of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) thyroid specimens. The aim was to audit our department against RCPath guidelines to refine and improve our reporting process.


A principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to several sets of ellipsometric spectra. The relation between the first coefficient obtained from PCA and the film thickness or the coverage of a substrate with colloids is explored. In many cases a linear relation is found, but in the case of gold colloids that have a large optical contrast with the ambient medium, there is a nonlinear dependence on the surface coverage. It is shown that calibration of the coefficients allows extraction of quantitative information from the ellipsometric spectra. When calibration is performed using least-squares fits to a small number of spectra, fitting of all other spectra is avoided. When another experimental technique such as AFM or SEM is used for calibration, PCA can extend the applicability of spectroscopic ellipsometry to areas where quantitative information is required but optical modeling is impossible or inconvenient.


(1) (2) The author suggested that the appearance and disappearance of black tone in the petals of velvety dark red roses were attributable presumablely to the shadow cast by the long nipple-like epidermal cells situated at some intervals on the red petal surface, without dependence on the quantity and quality of anthocyanin in these petal tissues. But this suggestion was made by some preliminary experiments, and therefore it was expected to estimate practically the pigments in these tissues in more detail. (3) Si nce WILLST ATTER et al. found cyanin in red petals of Rosa gallica, many researchers have reported that cyanin was distributed widely in rose petals. (4) (5) For instance, WEINSTEIN identified cyanin in cultivar BETTER TIMES, AHUJA et al. (6) in PINK CORONET and HAPPINESS and YAsoop, in ENA HARKNESS respectively. While WEINSTEIN and AHUJA et al. emphasized that cyanin was the only (7) anthocyanin detected in their materials, TAKAKUWA, investigating the pigments in the petals of thirty nine rose cultivars, stated that at least four kinds of anthocyanin were proved in rose petals, among which cyanin and chrysanthe (8) min were contained in the red and dark red petals. ROBINSON et al. identified pelargonidin-3:5-dimonoside as the anthocyanin in the orange-red polyantha rose cultivars GLORIA MUNDI and PRINCE of ORANGE. As to the variation of anthocyanin content among rose cultivars and the change in quantity of the pigment during the flower development, there were (5)(9) reports published by AHUJA et al. They indicated that there was a difference in anthocyanin contents between cultivars PINK CORONET and HAPPINESS, and that in both cases the pigment was decreased in quantity during flower development. In the present paper the quantity and quality of anthocyanin in the petals of velvety dark red and red rose cultivars and the change of pigment content during the flower development were investigated.


This study examines the individuals' participation intentions and behavior on Social Networking Sites (SNSs). For this purpose, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is utilized and extended in this study through the addition of "perceived social capital" construct aiming to increase its explanatory power and predictive ability in this context. Data collected from a survey of 1100 participants and distilled to 657 usable sets has been analyzed to assess the predictive power of proposed model via structural equation modelling. The model proposed in this study explains 56% of the variance in "Participation Intentions" and 55% of the variance in "Participation Behavior". Participation of behavioral intention in the model' explanatory power was the highest amongst the constructs (able to explain 33% of usage behavior). While, "Attitude" explain around 11% of SNSs usage behavior. The study findings also show that "Perceived Social Capital" construct has a notable impact on usage behavior, this impact came indirectly through its direct effect on "Attitude" and "Perceived Usefulness". Participation of "Perceived Social Capital" in the model's explanatory power was the third highest amongst the constructs. "Perceived Social Capital", alone explain around 10% of SNSs usage behavior.


This paper presents an overview of the mathematical fundamentals of the MIMO channel orthogonalizations, that use the Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions (PSWF) as a universal basis. Opposed to the optimum basis, based on the Karhunen-Loeve expansion (KLE), the PSWF basis is invariant to the covariance properties of the MIMO channel matrix and provides an almost minimum set of eigenfunctions that allow to represent the channel with a predefined accuracy.


The present invention relates to a method of using the pharmaceutical compositions, and these compounds to which inhibit E1 activating enzymes include compounds, such compounds of formula (I). The compounds of the present invention are cell proliferative disorders, including disorders, in particular cancer, inflammatory disorders and neurodegenerative disorders; And it is useful in treating inflammation associated with infection and cachexia (cachexia).


Two cases of rectus abdominis muscle flaps complicated by disruption of the abdominal wall due to avulsion of the anterior rectus sheath from adjacent fascia are reported. Abnormal transmission of intraabdominal pressure is suggested as the cause. A polyglactin mesh patch for the prevention of abdominal disruption is described.


Abstract In previously reported p.m.r. studies of II-allyl Palladium complexes it has been found that syn-syn couplings are much larger than syn-anti and anti-anti couplings1,2, these latter couplings being of the order of zero. In the course of studies in our laboratories on various II-allyl Palladium complexes we have found that in some cases syn-anti couplings of similar magnitude to syn-syn couplings, and that the line shape of the anti proton resonances indicate the presence of anti-anti unresolved couplings.


This paper is based on Epoc's four country studies on streetfoods and women vendors in Senegal, Bangladesh, Indonesia and the Philippines. It demonstrates that the invisibility of the street foods trade is not confined to its importance as a basis for income generation for women but extends to other aspects of the trade, including its contribution to the urban economy and the food system.


The choice of a suitable decision criterion is a difficult decision for many decision makers. In general, each criterion selects a different optimal act, each having its own appealing features. This paper proposes an approach allowing the decision maker to incorporate multiple criteria into an easily solved mathematical programming model whose solution is the optimal act. Optimality is defined by the objective function used in the model. The constraints embody the decision maker's anxieties and minimal desires.


shown that atypical antipsychotics can also improve some visual and cognitive functions for schizophre - nia, which shares similar genetic basis with BPD [2,3]. Here, we present a rare case report of a patient treated with atypical an - tipsychotics that have improvement in cognitive tasks. Abstract Bipolar Disorder (BPD) is a complex disorder and it is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying the dis - ease stages. We present a case report of a 25-year-old male patient was diagnosed with type 1 BPD according to the DSM-5 and the SCID for DSM-5. He was referred to a pri - vate clinic because of complaints of persecutory delusions, mystical delirium, and hallucinations. An extensive medical assessment was performed and the patient was tested for some cognitive functioning, using the Stroop Color-Word Interference (SCWI) and the Trail-Making Test (TMT) parts A and B. Both tests were used to measure some aspects of cognition, such as attention, cognitive flexibility, inhibition, and information processing speed. Slower reaction times indicated better performance. Ziprasidone monotherapy (80 mg/day) was prescribed once daily for 8 weeks. A re - duction (i.e., improvement) of 25% and 46% were observed for the congruent and incongruent reaction times of the SCWI; a reduction (i.e., improvement) of 20% and 35% were observed for the TMT-A and TMT-B, respectively. This im - provement was observed after only two months of treat - ment with Ziprasidone. The assessment of this participant in a drug-free moment was critical to establish the possible causal relationship between medication and improvement. Future studies are needed comparing the cumulative effects of medication, illness duration, and the frequency of shifts between mood states as variables affecting the cognition.


Ninety nine random complementary DNA clones from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver cDNA library were partially sequenced as one approach to analyze the transcribed sequences of its genome. Of the sequence generated, of the ESTs were represented by 29 known genes. Thirty six clones of the unknown gene products potentially represent 31 unique genes. Serum albumin was the most abundant in the liver. The structural genes in the liver were the highly expressed functional category. This research is helpful to understand tissue specific gene expression profile and basic relationship between tissue and functional categories of the genes.


Description Logics (DL) has become popular knowledge representation formalisms for various applications in the Semantic Web. However, DL has its limit in knowledge representation ability as it can only represent one free variable at a time. Compared to DL, Horn logic covers different but overlapping areas of knowledge representation. This paper presents an approach to build Horn logic based rules on top of DL based ontologies. Uncertainty is an intrinsic feature of the world, especially in Semantic Web applications. Therefore, this paper also proposes fuzzy Horn logic to deal with vague knowledge. Finally, a reasoning procedure on the fuzzy hybrid knowledge base is addressed and exemplified.


In the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey, we study the properties of voids and of fainter galaxies within voids that are defined by brighter galaxies. Our results are compared with simulated galaxy catalogues from the Millennium simulation coupled with a semi-analytical galaxy formation recipe. We derive the void size distribution and discuss its dependence on the faint magnitude limit of the galaxies defining the voids. While voids among faint galaxies are typically smaller than those among bright galaxies, the ratio of the void sizes to the mean galaxy separation reaches larger values. This is well reproduced in the mock galaxy samples studied. We provide analytic fitting functions for the void size distribution. Furthermore, we study the galaxy population inside voids defined by galaxies with Bj - 5 log h < -20 and diameter larger than 10 h -1 Mpc. We find a clear bimodality of galaxies inside voids and in the average field but with different characteristics. The abundance of blue cloud galaxies inside voids is enhanced. There is an indication of a slight blueshift of the blue cloud. Furthermore, galaxies in void centres have slightly higher specific star formation rates as measured by the η parameter. We determine the radial distribution of the ratio of early- and late-type galaxies through the voids. We find and discuss some differences between observations and the Millennium catalogues.


The Communication Based Train Control(CBTC) System generally used to improving existing lines in the world is efficient and stable for improvement. Also it is efficient for improvement because it does not cause any problems in operation of existing lines. We examined the mixed operation scheme for more efficient and stable improvement when improvement is implemented depending on aged equipment and the increased number of passengers in the Korean city railroad. The biggest point in the mixed operation is to implement a stable test without interfering with the operation of the existing lines. For this purpose, we deduced a method of installing the equipment, a method of testing depending on the installed equipment, and the types of mixed operation, and presented a scheme of execution of the methods depending on the mixed operation.


HE PURPOSE of this paper is to reflect on the external policies of Peru for the period between 1958 and 1966 in order better to understand the determinants of those policies. The year 1958 was chosen as the beginning of the period to be studied because during that year an unusual event occurred in Peru which had important implications for its foreign relations. Furthermore, by beginning with 1958 parts of two different elected administrations, one period of military control, and a period surrounding a national election could be covered. In this reflection, a series of concepts contributed by other authors will be used in a systematic way. Foreign policy will be understood as a modified version of the definition offered by Modelski in A Theory of Foreign Policy. It is the action of, in this case, Peru to minimize adverse and maximize favorable actions of foreign states and other international actors.? Modelski's concepts of power input and power output defined respectively as services and resources put at the disposal of policy-makers for foreign policy purposes and the expenditure of power in foreign policy operations toward the environment will be utilized.2 His concept of policymakers and his breakdown of the external adjustment process will also be used." The theory of political activity and decision-making in Peru developed by James L. Payne in Labor and Politics in Peru4 and in "Peru: the Politics of Structured Violence," 5 termed "political bargaining," will be used along with Anderson's "power contender" and "power capability" concepts." The concept of linkages proposed by Chalmers as the patterned sequences of behavior which originate in other systems and are reacted to in Peru, and vice-versa, is used as the organizing principle of the study.7


Sharp F, Blackett AD, Berek JS, Bast RC, Jr. Conclusions and recommendationsfrom the Helene Harris Memorial Trust Sixth Biennial International Forum onOvarian Cancer, May10–14, 1997, Los Angeles, California, USA. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1997; 7: 416–424.

The Sixth Biennial International Forum on Ovarian Cancer was held by theHelene Harris Memorial Trust in Los Angeles, California, USA in May 1997. Themain research findingsreported at the forum, together with the conclusions drawn and recommendationsmade by the assembled experts, are presented here as a series of short points.While most aspects ofovarian cancer research and treatment are covered, the points are groupedtogether into topics considering: the genetic basis of ovarian cancer, itsmolecular biology, analyticalapproaches to diagnosis and management, gene therapy approaches, methodologyfor dose intensification, new drugs, quality of life, and ethical issues.


This monograph contains the papers presented at the Fourteenth Annual Conference on African Medicine, held in Johannesburg in May, 1958. It is particularly concerned with the special aspects of liver disease seen in the native populations. Various authors discuss the influence of malnutrition in early life on the metabolism of the liver and its role in increasing the incidence and severity of later hepatic disease. Several authors deal with primary tumors of the liver, pointing out their frequency of occurrence and fulminating course in Africans as compared to Americans and Europeans. The problem of parasitic infections, especially schistosomiasis and amebiasis as they affect the liver is also considered. Unfortunately, there is some repetition and only a few of the papers present new approaches or are concerned with clinical or laboratory investigations. Particularly interesting are papers dealing with "Steroid Hormone Metabolism in Liver Disease," and "Alterations in Carbohydrate Metabolism Associated with


To provide robots for a wide range of users, there needs to be an easy and intuitive way to program them. This issue is addressed by the robot programming by demonstration or imitation learning paradigm, where the user demonstrates the task to the robot by teleoperation. Although single-shot approaches could save a lot of time and effort, they are still a niche due to some drawbacks, like ambiguities in selecting the relevant features.In this work we try to enhance a single shot programming by demonstration approach on sub-symbolic level by extending it to a multi modal input. While most approaches mainly focus on the trajectories and visual detection of objects, we combine speech and kinestethic teaching in order to resolve ambiguities and to rise the level of transferred information.


The present study is concerned with /l ow of an incompress ible electricall y conducting viscous fluid past a steady moving semiin finite vertical porous plate under the action of uniform tran sverse magnetic fi eld taki ng into account the induced magnet ic fi eld <Ind const; lnt heat fl ux. The anal y ti cal solutions for veloci ty fi elcl. tem perature distribution. induced magnetiL' fie ld . CUITelil densit y. concentration fi eld and the express ions for shear stress and ra te of heal transfer arc ohtained'and discussed in det;li l.


Abstract We provide novel evidence on the existence and extent of the intergenerational transmission of STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) education using a recent large administrative dataset of Italian graduates obtained from the AlmaLaurea survey. We find sizeable intergenerational associations in university graduation from STEM programs and demonstrate that these varies strongly according to both the parent's and the child's gender. The paternal outweighs the maternal intergenerational relationship and is larger for sons than for daughters. While the documented STEM education transmission is not driven by parental liberal profession for most STEM fields, this is the case for some non-STEM fields (economic and legal studies), consistent with the presence of barriers to entry into some professions.


The aim of the study is to design wear-resistant and extrudable polymeric composites based on mixture of UHMWPE+PP with increased tribotechnical characteristics for the wide application in friction units of machine parts and mechanisms as well as using the polymeric resin developed for obtaining nanocomposites. Adding of block copolymer PP-b LLDPE to UHMWPE is motivated by the necessity to increase the adhesion between the incompatible polymeric components of the mixture. It is shown that wear intensity of the polymer-polymeric composites UHMWPE+n wt.% PP-b-LLDPE is reduced at filling UHMWPE by the block copolymer. In doing so, an important technological characteristic of UHMWPE specific extrusion pressure (proportional to the melt flow index) is improved (is lowered). Nanocomposites on the basis of the given matrix have shown wear resistance of 3-4 times higher in contrast with pure UHMWPE. Permolecular structure and wear track surfaces of nanocomposites on the basis of polymer-polymeric matrix (UHMWPE+10 wt.% PP-b-LLDPE) were investigated. The mechanism of the wear of nanocomposites is discussed.


Developing new glass compositions suitable for broad band amplification in the 1200- 1700 nm wavelength region is important for the future optical communication systems. In this paper we review the results of our research on Bi ion doped glasses as well as rare earth ions Tm and Er-doped glasses. Of particular importance is the application of the glasses for short fibre devices and integrated waveguide devices fabrication using femtosecond laser writing. The host glass compositions reported are silicates and tellurites.


Support vector machine (SVM) is a popular classifier dealing with small-scale datasets. It has outstanding performance compared to other classifiers. However the execution time is extremely long when training Big Data. The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is a massively parallel device which performs very well as a co-processor. NVIDIA proposed a programming platform, CUDA, in 2006, which makes it much easier to program on GPU for large-scale calculation. This paper proposes a GPU based accelerated SVM method. Matrix multiplication, which is the main procedure of kernel matrix calculation in the training stage, is the major issue for high time complexity. Thus, we propose a method to calculate the kernel matrix using GPU. The polynomial kernel function is applied in this paper. Experiment results indicate that the proposed method can increase the computation speed by as much as 41 times for the studied datasets.


The reorganization of school units with respect to attendance and administration continues to be one of the pressing problems of educational administration in the United States. At least, this was the conclusion of the Educational Policies Commission of the National Education Association (38) . The Commission pointed out that adequate educational opportunities and economy in the use of plant and equipment depend on the organization of relatively large attendance units and that larger administrative units are necessary if competent professional leadership is to be provided. Keesecker (34) reported that the tendency of legislation to increase the centralization of administrative control over public education by state authorities continued to manifest itself during 1935 and 1936 in a number of states, especially in Ohio, Rhode Island, and Vermont. Noteworthy legislation designed to effect the organization and consolidation of local units was enacted in California, Ohio, and Vermont. Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Oregon, New Mexico, and Texas enacted legislation to facilitate district consolidation or to restrict the continuance of especially small districts. The need for larger units is primarily a problem of rural areas. Cook (25) reviewed the conditions and the developments in education in rural areas, pointing out that these areas provide a large percent of the school organizations in the United States and yet educate only a small fraction of the nation's children. The report stated that between 1926 and 1934 a reduction in one-room schools of nearly 23,000 or about 14 percent took place, although there had been relatively little change in the organization of local units since 1928. Three developments appeared to offer considerable promise for the future: (a) a clarification of the objectives to be realized in the establishment of local units; (b) a growing disbelief in any single best type for all local administrative units; (c) an accumulation of facts in support of the larger unit for school organization, administration, and support. A more recent publication of the United States Office of Education by Gaumnitz (26) presented an eighteen-year summary of the movement to eliminate the one-teacher schools. The study revealed a suspension of activity in the consolidation of schools during the worst years of the depression, but a revival in 1935 and 1936. The number of one-teacher schools fell from 196,037 in 1918 to 131,101 in 1936, a reduction of


Apothesine is more toxic, as determined by animal experimentation, than procain, novocain or neocain. Procain is identical in toxicity with novocain (German) and neocain (French), as determined by animal experimentation and clinical usage. It is equal to novocain and neocain in local and regional anesthesia. Animal experimentation indicates that, during fanwise injections into the tissues, there is little danger from injections into the systemic veins, although the far smaller lethal dose of this method should be kept in mind. Intra-arterial injections are less toxic than intravenous with the exception of those distributing to the vital nerve centers. The smallest fatal intravascular dose was obtained in injecting the common carotid artery. Were it possible to inject directly into the vertebral or internal carotid arteries it is reasonable to suppose that the lethal dose would be far smaller. In cases of sudden collapse in operations on the throat and neck under local anesthesia, the sudden severe toxic manifestations probably result from an injection directly into the internal carotid or vertebral arteries. A fixed maximal dosage of novocain is impractical because of the many factors influencing it. By observing precautions, very large doses may be administered safely. Careless use and indifferent dosage must be cautioned against although a solution of procain-adrenalin sufficient for the proposed operative procedure may be regarded as practically safe if properly injected. Our experiences in nearly 4000 surgical cases indicate that there is a sufficient margin of safety when from 1.5 to 2 gm. of procain in a 0.5 per cent solution is injected in terminal infiltration or field block, and when not more than 1 gm, in a 1 per cent solution is injected in nerve block, 10 minims of 1:1000 adrenalin being added to 100 cc. of solution in all cases.


Abbott, Grace, Fellowships in Public Welfare Administration . . . 578 Abbott, Grace, Illinois-Chicago Meeting in Memory of ..... 143 Administrative "Fair Hearings" in Public Assistance. David R. Hunter . 481 Alien Registration ............... 572 Arkansas Correction, An .............. 366 "Benevolent Fair": Early Charitable Organization. M. B. Treudley . 509 Bridges, Harry, Attempt To "Exile" ............ 569 Bridges, Harry, The Case of. Max Radin ............ 1 British Policy, Recent, in Social Assistance. Sir Ronald Davison . . . 207 California: Unemployment Relief in Labor Disputes. Leigh Athearn . 627 Canadian Social Services. H. M. Cassidy ......... 678 Case Records from a Psychiatric Clinic. Charlotte Towle . . . . 83, 523 Charitable Organization before 1835. Mary B. Treudley ..... 509 Chicago Hairpin Factory .......... 123 Child Welfare Services: Our First Line of Defense ....... 730 Children, Are the English, Coming? ........ 736 Children, London's Evacuated ............ 359 Children, Refugee, Evacuation of, Our Responsibility ...... 541 Children's Courts and the Lawyers ........ 749 Citizen, When Is a Client a? Mrs. Kenneth F. Rich ...... 10 Client "Fraud" in Chicago. Wayne McMillen ........ 36 Communicable Disease and Eugenic Marriage. Ruth V. Schuler ... 61 Community Record from a Rural County. Grace A. Browning . . .317 Congress To Investigate Migrants ........... 357 Convicting the Innocent ........ 573 Defense Program, Social Service in the National .......743 Dependency and Health. Edith M. Baker ......... 710 Employment and Pay Rolls in Industry (chart). . . . 144, 370, 580, 760 Eugenic Marriage Legislation in U.S. Ruth V. Schuler........61, 301 . Evacuated Children, London's......... 359 "Evacuation" ................. 745 Evacuation of Refugee Children Our Responsibility ...... 541 "Fair Hearings" in Public Assistance Programs. David R. Hunter ..481 Fair Labor Standards for Puerto Rico .......... 753 Family Welfare and Naturalization. Mrs. Kenneth F. Rich . . . 10, 237 Famine over Europe ............ 554