Affected by damping,the energy vibrator is no longer eternally fixed.This article analyses its irregular attenuated movement in the condition of over damping and critical damping.


Reformation of land of the Communist Party of China and National Party used different means because they faced with different historical background .The Communist Party of China used excessive means and National Party used redeeming means, but starting point of departure and stopping point of both sides are to develop productive forces and steady society order and they both caused huge society change and accelerate economic and society development.


For substances which are normally liquid at room temperature a new boiler has been developed. This boiler will produce vapour smoothly and at a constant rate, and has been designed so that it can be suspended from the beam of a balance. This enables the flow rate to be determined by direct measurement of the loss of weight of the boiler over measured time intervals. Flow rates of up to 0.1 mole min-1 have been generated and measured to better than ?0.1%.


Introduced the technique characteristic of frequency-changer,frequency-changer of the system install,basic operation,basic parameter enactment,the point explained to change the technique characteristic of frequency-changer nicely satisfied coal mine well a bottom.Leather belt conveyance the spot usage of the function request,and frequency-changer is under the coal mine well leather belt conveyance up of application.


Some discourse markers containing negative words mo(莫)and bu(不)such as nimoshuo(你莫说),nimokan(你莫看),nibuxiaode(你不晓得)and bushishuo(不是说),etc.in Chongqing dialect show interesting features in their usages and diachronic changes,in which lexicalization has played an important role.Due to the nontruth-conditional meaning of discourse markers,these expressions in question are only used in discourse with pragmatic functions,and the contained negative words have all lost their negative meaning.Through the comparative studies with their counterparts in Mandarin,some characteristics in common have been corroborated and also the differences been sharpened.It can be further corroborated that the steps of diachronic changes may all exist in the synchronic system,and the counterparts of different languages or dialects will not necessarily become the same discourse markers with the same functions.


This paper compares four image filtering algorithms on common data sets for various signal to noise ratios and white Gaussian noise. The algorithms are the median filter, the Wallis filter, the reduced update Kalman filter, and a multiple model, decision-directed filter. This comparison produces some surprising results from both a subjective (visual error) and a mean square error (MSE) viewpoint.


Abstract In the monovalent metals the electronic band structure is strongly affected by the size of the band gap E s-E p at the Brillouin zone faces, a large gap implying a large distortion of the Fermi surface. Here E s and E p are the energies of the purely s-like and p-like states on the zone faces. We have made crude estimates of E s-E p for the alkali and noble metals, in terms of the s-p excitation energy Δsp of the free atoms. These suggest a single model which correlates most of the experimental information about the band structures of these metals. In particular the Fermi surface of lithium appears to make considerable contact with the zone faces. In the α-phase alloys of the noble metals, the solute always has a larger value of Δsp than the solvent, which raises the energy E p relative to E s. The Fermi surface becomes more nearly spherical in copper alloys than in copper, since E p E s). This accounts for many Knight shift, electronic spe...


The principle of causing chirp and the chirp influence on soliton transmission were discussed. Using normal dispersion fiber to eliminate chirp was experimentally researched. The fundamental and high-order optical soliton transmissions were achieved using normal dispersion fiber elimination chirp for the first time in China.


Introduction Brian Davies and Brian Leftow 1. Anselm's life, works, and immediate influence G. R. Evans 2. Anselm on faith and reason Marilyn Adams 3. Anselm, Augustine, and Platonism Gareth Matthews 4. Anselm's philosophy of language Peter King 5. Anselm on modality Simo Knuutilla 6. Anselm's perfect being theology Brian Leftow 7. Anselm and the ontological argument Brian Davies 8. Anselm's account of freedom Sandra Visser and Thomas Williams 9. Anselm on truth Sandra Visser and Thomas Williams 10. Anselm on ethics Jeffrey Brower 11. Anselm on the Trinity William Mann 12. Anselm on atonement David Brown.


In this study, the effect of adding essential oil from different plants on prolonging the shelf life of pistachio puree was investigated. For this purpose, Rancimat method, which is one of the accelerated shelf-life test (ASLT) methods, was used to determine the effect of oregano (OO) and rosemary (RO) essential oils on the oxidative stability of pistachio puree. Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and the control sample were used for the comparison. Concentrations used for essential oils and synthetic antioxidants were 150, 300 and 600 ppm and 150 ppm, respectively. The conductivity was followed at three temperatures, 110, 120 and 130 °C, with the addition of essential oils and BHA to pistachio puree during ASLT. Pistachio puree with essential oils showed protection against the lipid oxidation process. As the temperature increased induction time was significantly decreased during ASLT (p < 0.05). The same concentrations of essential oils and BHA were also added into pistachio puree to observe the change in peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acid (FFA) value under normal storage temperatures 15, 25 and 40 °C. The PV and FFA increase were lower in RO, OO and BHA added pistachio puree samples during 8-month storage (p < 0.05). Six hundred (600) ppm of RO added sample had an antioxidative effect as much as 150 ppm BHA added sample for both ASLT and normal storage conditions. These essential oils could be used as natural antioxidants in foods with high lipid content increasing the shelf life of these products.


In this paper, we proposed an algorithm for estimating the density of salt & pepper noise in images with entropy inspection in wavelet domain. Based on the trait that energies of image signal and noise could be separated by wavelet transform, and on the fact that noise entropy in wavelet domain changes with approximate logarithm mode along with the noise level, we exhibit how the entropy values of noisy images in wavelet domain change with the noise level in quantitative form, and indicate that such relation is robust to individual images. We thus take advantage of this relation to make estimation of noise level. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is better than the present methods while providing more robust and more exact data.


Objectives It is known that cholera toxin (CT) internalization depends on caveolar, clathrin and still unknown way of endocytosis. The aim of our study was to investigate endocytotic pathways of CT by using a palette of inhibitors on different cell lines. Methods of study Mechanisms of CT endocytosis were studied on nonpolarized, adherent and non-adherent cell lines. In order to investigate its internalization we used B subunit of CT (CTB). After endocytosis at 37°C, surface and intracellular CTB was detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy during the specific time periods. A panel of chemical inhibitors of endocytosis and vesicular transport was used in order to dissect CT internalization mechanism. Furthermore, the presence of caveolin was assessed on investigated cell lines by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Results We found that inhibitor of caveolar endocytosis, filipin, broadly inhibits the internalization of CTB almost by 100%. However, inhibitor of clathrin endocytosis, chlorpromazine, had little or no effect on internalization of CT. It is interesting that kinetics of CT internalization is similar on all investigated cell lines. It is important to note that inhibitors that disturbs the cellular cytoskeleton, nocodazol and cytochalsin D, had only partial effect. In addition, we found that monensin, an inhibitor of vacuolar acidification, maintained the same intensity of fluorescence as at the zero point of experiment. This effect is interesting since monensin inhibits intracellular transport without any effect on internalization. Conclusions From these results we are able to conclude that CT is internalized either by caveolar or caveolae-similar mechanism and that its trafficking dependends on the intact cytoskeleton and endosomal network.


synthetic oligonucleotide probes, alternative methods of genic diagnosis, fine mapping of genes, in situ hybridiza-tion, flow cytometry of human chromo-somes, trophoresis.


We present a frequency comb-based, frequency-resolved coherent LIDAR (FReCL) that provides higher performance than that of conventional pulsed range/Doppler LIDARs, dramatically reduces local oscillator timing requirements, and compensates for path dispersion.


The study examined the causal relationship between electricity consumption and manufacturing sector's growth in Nigeria using time series data covering the period 1986 – 2017. Multiple least square regression method was used to capture the effect of electricity consumption and other variables on manufacturing sector's growth, with the aid of Eview software. Granger causality test was conducted to examine the direction of causality between electricity consumption and manufacturing sector's growth. The study found that electricity consumption has positive and significant effect on the growth of the manufacturing sector. Also, the study revealed an evidence of unidirectional causality from manufacturing sector's growth to electricity consumption. It was also infered from the trend analysis that Electricity Consumption in Nigeria has a positive and direct impact on the growth of Nigeria Manufacturing Sector. Since the study shows how electricity is vital to manufacturing sector, any impediment to electricity will grossly affect manufacturing sector's growth. To enhance sustainable growth in manufacturing sector, appropriate reforms must come up to ensure stable electricity in Nigeria. Keywords: Electricity consumption, Causality, Trend analysis, Manufacturing sector. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/10-6-04 Publication date: March 31 st 2020


This paper focuses mainly on the major errors and their reduction approaches pertaining to combined GPS/GLONASS positioning.To determine the difference in the time reference systems,different receiver clock offsets are introduced with respect to GPS and GLONASS system time.A more desirable method for introducing a independent unknown parameter of fifth receiver,which can be canceled out when forming difference measurements,is discussed.The error of orbit integration and the error of transformation parameters are addressed in detail.Results of numerical integration are given.To deal with the influence of ionospheric delay,a method for forming dual-frequency ionospheric free carrier phase measurements is detailed.


This paper presents research carried out over the past five years, by the Grupo de Estudos em Raciocinio Combinatorio do Centro de Educacao da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – Geracao. The group's research lines are presented in the paper, as well as the main theoretical references used. Investigation by the group on teaching resources are analysed, research results developed with students of different levels and types of education are presented and discussed, as well as studies with K-12 teachers. The set of results obtained enable reflections concerning how combinatorial reasoning develops, what are the difficulties to be overcome and how practices can be more effective in teaching Combinatorics.


Baihetan Hydroelectric Power Station of Jinsha River will be built on the Permian E′mei Mountain basalt.Four-groups faults with small displacement are developed in the dam site,tending NW300°,the NW320°,the NE40° and nearly SN respectively.These faults are mainly dominated by the development of NW300° faults.The detailed field survey,microstructure study and ESR dating on the quartz veins lead to the conclusion that the faults in the dam site was developed early by the closely EW compressive stress field and then changed by the closely SN compressive stress field.Some shallow brittle tectonite such as the typical cataclasite-breccia is developed in the fault zone,however,the activity of faults is weak at present.


In the modern social and economic environment of Russia, gratitude might be considered an ambiguous phenomenon. It can have different meaning for a person in different contexts and can manifest itself differently as well (that is, as an expression of sincere feelings or as an element of corruption). In this respect it is topical to investigate the system of meanings and relationships that define the semantic space of gratitude. The goal of the study was the investigation and description of the content and structure of the semantic space of the gratitude phenomenon as well as the determination of male, female, age, and ethnic peculiarities of the expression of gratitude. The objective was achieved by using the semantic differential designed by the authors to investigate attitudes toward gratitude. This investigation was carried out with the participation of 184 United Kingdom and identifying themselves as representatives of one of these nationalities. The structural components of gratitude were singled out by means of exploratory factor analysis of the empirical data from the designed semantic differential. Gender, age, and ethnic differences were differentiated by means of Student's t-test. Gratitude can be represented by material and nonmaterial forms as well as by actions in response to help given. The empirical data allowed us to design the ethnically nonspecified semantic structure of gratitude. during the elaboration of the differential, semantic universals of gratitude, which constitute its psy-chosemantic content, were distinguished. Peculiarities of attitudes toward gratitude by those in different age and gender groups were revealed. differences in the degree of manifestation of components of the psychosemantic structure of gratitude related to ethnic characteristics were not discovered. The semantic universals of gratitude are grouped into the components of its semantic structure: intentional, relational, essential, and expressive. These structural elements are present in the representatives of all the nationalities who participated in the study. The men were more likely than the women to demonstrate the instrumental understanding of gratitude. The women were more likely than the men to reflect humanistic ideas of gratitude. The romantic and noble idea of gratitude was dominant in representatives of the younger generation (18-year-olds). The young adults (19-to-25-year-olds) tended to demonstrate social realism to a larger extent than respondents in the other age groups. In respondents who were 26-years-old and above, humanistic assessment and collectivist values with respect to gratitude significantly decreased. The semantic structure of gratitude 139 introduction In the current geopolitical …


Chemically modified adsorbent based on Phragmities stem has been investigated by treating with concentrated sulfuric acid at 2:1 weight/volume ratio. The maximum loading capacity for Al(III) and Fe(II) onto phosphorylated charred Phragmities waste PCPW adsorbent was found to be 148 mg/g and 200 mg/g, while for Cr(VI) 200 mg/g, respectively, at their optimal pH. Similarly, it was 166.66 mg/g and 90.90mg/g for Al(III) and Fe(II) onto the charred Phragmities waste CPW, respectively. The adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic models. The desorption of the loaded metal ions recovery was found to be to the extent of 82%, 91% and 100% for Al(III), Fe(II) and Cr(VI), respectively. Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 145-152


Instead of NBS and DBU, trichloroisocyanuric acid or hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodobenze are used as well, delivering the products in essentially identical yields.


This study examines the moderating effect of innovation capability on the relationship between logistics service capability and firm performance for ocean freight forwarders. Four critical logistics service capabilities were identified based on factor analysis: logistics service reliability capability, logistics value-added service capability, flexibility capability, and logistics information service capability. Multiple regression analysis was subsequently employed to examine the main effects of innovation capability and logistics service capability on firm performance in terms of customer service and financial performance. Results showed that innovation capability, logistics service reliability capability, and flexibility capability had significant positive effects on firm performance. Finally, multiple moderated regression was utilised to examine the moderating effect of innovation capability on the relationship between logistics service capability and firm performance. The results indicated that innovation capability positively moderates the effect of logistics service reliability capability on financial performance as well as the effect of flexibility capability on financial performance.


Article by Mutiu Ganiyu (Aluko & Oyebode, Barristers, Solicitors & Trademark Agents, Lagos, Nigera) describing the issues and case law surrounding the question of whether a Nigerian court can only give judgment in the Naira (NGN), which is the Nigerian currency, or whether a Nigerian court can award monetary judgment in a foreign currency. Published in the Letter from … section of Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies and its Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London.


there was a fairly steady trend toward a real-war economy from 1934 onward, that the threshhold was attained in 1938, and that the further transition to a total-war economy occurred in 1942. This judgment seems sound enough, although perhaps less novel than it would have been a decade ago, before the publication of the pioneering studies of Burton H. Klein and Alan S. Milward. Mrs. Carroll breaks some lances with both of these predecessors, but more


In this paper the solution to waste problems in the paint industry is presented by describing their combustion in a fluidized bed boiler as a part of the waste management system in the paint factory. Based on the Cleaner Production idea and concept of integration of design process with a future exploitation of equipment, some modifications of the waste management scheme in the factory are discussed to reduce the quantity of toxic wastes. To verify this concept combustion tests of paint production wastes and cocombustion of paint wastes with coal in an adopted industrial boiler were done. Results of these tests are presented in the paper.


A polarimetric ground-based radar (GB-radar) system operated in the L-band has been developed. The frequency range of GB-radar is 1.215 to 1.3 GHz, which is the same as that of Japanese satellite-borne SAR, PALSAR-2 (Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar), and Japanese L-band air-borne radar, i.e., Pi-SAR-L2 (Polarimetric and Interferometric Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar L2). Polarimetric calibration was carried out twice in the field to calibrate and validate the GB-radar data. Cross-talk and channel imbalance are improved for the both experiments, and are from −13.3 dB to −30.7 dB, and from 1.06 to 1.00, respectively for the first experiment, after calibration. The calibrated cross-talk and channel imbalance values were comparable to −31.7 dB and 1.013, which were obtained using PALSAR. Radiometric calibration and antenna pattern correction were also carried out in the second experiment. Forest observations were also carried out simultaneously by GB-radar and Pi-SAR-L2 in the second experiment. The range profiles obtained by GB-radar and Pi-SAR-L2 were compared for several polarimetric parameters, namely, radar backscattering coefficient, polarimetric coherence, eigenvalue-decomposition parameters, and four-component-decomposition parameters. Both range profiles matched moderately well and showed good performance that could compensate for the limited possibility of satellite/air-borne SAR observation.


A new way of multi_principal component analysis is proposed. The image processin g technology of information re_extraction focuses on the special objects based o n the original remote sensing data being processed by some conventional methods. Meantime, it is a way to process comprehensively different remote sensing data with different spatial resolutions and spectral ranges. The application of the m ethod has shown good result for extracting geological structure information in w est Qaidam Basin of China.


Purpose – This paper aims to present a study on the organization of military logistics under "hot" conditions in an expeditionary crisis response operation. The authors' main research question is: in what way is armed forces logistics sourcing organized in the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan?Design/methodology/approach – To answer their research question, the authors conducted a case study including field research at military sites in Afghanistan. The case study is focused on military organizations that operate in a hostile and ambiguous environment. The authors compare sourcing of three categories of support services, i.e. facilities management, maintenance & logistics and security.Findings – The authors' results include a systematic overview of the organization of command, logistic and accounting (sourcing) in the ISAF mission, involving multinational military partners and contractors. Second, the authors show how Canada, NATO, The Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the US...


Through the analysis of Celan's poetics and of Levinas's reading of it,this article intends to present a poetics which is different from that of Romanticism and which understands the poem as the openness to the other.This article firstly explores the same inquiry shared by Celan and Levinas,that is,to reconstruct the subject after the traumatic experience of Auschwitz.Then it discusses the signification of Celan's hermetic poetry.Finally,through Levinas's analysis of Celan,it illustrates in what sense Celan's poetics has transcended the Romanticism and especially Heidegger's poetics of being.


Board games are one of the supporting tools for understanding complex material and abstract scientific concepts This study aims to develop a board game with cell membrane transport material and test the board game response by experts. This study is research and development. This board game was developed for class XI science students using learning progression. The research design used was adopted by Arnel A. Gutierrez's research. The steps used in this study include the preparation stage, game development, and response testing by experts. Test responses are carried out by distributing questionnaires to validators /experts using Google Form. The questionnaire assesses the content, instructions, appearance, and design of the media. Analysis of the validity of the instrument with five options using a Likert scale, given four choices between ranges of disagreeing, disagree, agree, and strongly agree. The results of data analysis using a ranking scale Rasch model may indicate that the validity of the score of the selected respondents indicated that the average value of observations shows a significant difference starting from logit -0.32 for selection score of 1 (disagree), and 0.96 for the selection quite agree, 2.58 for the agreeable choice and 5.69 for the strongly agree choice. Between these options, there is an increase in logit, which indicates that the scale on the questionnaire used is good. The Andrich Threshold average value starts from the value of none, negative -3.54 to positive 4.17 indicating that the answer option from the respondent is valid, which means the board game can be used.


The word 'revolutionary' has been used when speaking of ways in which the practices and processes of the Federal Court have adapted to the hearing of Native Title cases. The addition of Native Title jurisdiction to the Federal Court in January 1994 brought about changes within the Court's procedures. The Amendments to the Act in 1998 heralded a major shift in the jurisdiction. It also acted as a catalyst for change in the area of management of information gathered by the Federal Court Library for the purpose of assisting with research. The authors will outline some of the changes to Federal Court procedures and discuss the availability of free access to online Native Title resources with particular reference to the approach taken by the Federal Court in collating Native Title resources.


This paper proposes a rule base compression method for Mamdani fuzzy systems with non-monotonic rules. The method is based on filtration of non-monotonic rules whereby the redundant computations in the fuzzy inference with respect to the crisp values of the inputs to the fuzzy system are removed. The method identifies all redundant rules after fuzzification and removes them while preserving the defuzzified output from the fuzzy system for each simulation cycle. In comparison to other rule base reduction methods, this method does not compromise the solution and is more efficient in terms of on-line computations within a wide operating range. The method processes the rule base during simulation cycles by contracting it to a rule base of a smaller size at the start of each inference stage and then expanding it to its original size before the next fuzzification stage.


This Special Issue of the Journal of Comparative Neurology is dedicated to the memory of Vivien Casagrande, who died at home on January 21, 2017, after over a year fighting cancer. She loved her work, and struggled to continue until the end, coming to department meetings to advise and discuss, even when it was obviously difficult to do this. Vivien's primary appointment at Vanderbilt was in the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, but she had equal rights and laboratory space in the Department of Psychology. Her research focused on comparative studies of the visual system and visual system development. Her PhD was with Irving Diamond at Duke, and her postdoctoral training was with Ray Guillery at the University of Wisconsin. She came to Vanderbilt as an assistant professor in 1973. Vivien did not originally plan to be a scientist, but she attended the University of Colorado where she majored in psychology and became a good skier. Her father was a prominent member of the faculty at MIT and then Harvard, and perhaps she felt that this life was not for her. After returning to Boston, she applied for a technician's job with Nobel Laureate, Torston Wiesel at Harvard, and he convinced her that she should go to graduate school instead. To prepare, Vivien took a course with the world famous neuroanatomist, Walle Nauta, and he recommended her as a graduate student to Irving Diamond at Duke University. Vivien was Diamond's first female graduate student, and she soon demonstrated that she was one of the best of all his students. Her first research paper as a graduate student was published in Science. Her PhD thesis was on the role of the superior colliculus in vision. Vivien's postdoctoral research with Guillery was on the abnormal visual systems of Siamese cats. At Vanderbilt, Vivien was joined by undergraduate and graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows to produce a range of studies on the visual systems of monkeys, tree shrews, galagos, ferrets, and bats. Vivien also started longterm collaborations with Murray Sherman and Tom Norton on classes of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus of tree shrews and prosimian galagos, and later became well-known for her studies of the koniocellular geniculate-to-cortex pathway in primates. She also collaborated with A. B. Bonds at Vanderbilt using multielectrode arrays to study neuron response properties in visual cortex, and she published papers on experimentally induced myopia with her husband, Jim (Mac) McKanna. Vivien initiated optical imaging studies of visually evoked activity in visual cortex of primates at Vanderbilt. Her most recent research focused on the functional roles of nuclei of the pulvinar complex in modulating neural activity in visual cortex. Vivien was recognized for her accomplishments with the Charles Judson Herrick Award from the American Association of Anatomists, the Charles R. Park Award for Basic Research, and at Vanderbilt, the Chancellor's Award for research. She also received the Outstanding Teacher of the Year Award (2016). She has long been active in the Cajal Club, and was President in 1998. In 2018, she was recognized posthumously by the Society for Neuroscience with the Patricia Goldman-Rakic Hall of Honor Award. Her favorite journal was the Journal of Comparative Neurology, where she published 25 papers. Vivien befriended many, and she provided support and advice as needed. Most of all, she found tremendous joy in her research, and as a wife and mother. Vivien will be remembered for many reasons, and by a lecture series and a scholarship in neuroscience that Vivien and Mac endowed. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] DOI: 10.1002/cne.24563


This letter describes a channel estimator using known prior information about the transmit and receive filters. It is shown that the composite channel lies in the subspace of the transmit and receive filter impulse responses. A structured linear channel model is then developed that is linearly parametrized by an unknown vector. To illustrate the potential usefulness of such an approach, the estimated structured channel is used in a multisensor and oversampled maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) receiver.


Many of the new MV-valued fuzzy structures, including intuitionistic, neutrosophic, or fuzzy soft sets, can be transformed into so-called almost MV-valued fuzzy sets, or, equivalently, fuzzy sets with values in dual pair of semirings (in symbols, (R,R*)-fuzzy sets). This transformation allows any construction of almost MV-valued fuzzy sets to be retransformed into an analogous construction for these new fuzzy structures. In that way, approximation theories for (R,R*)-fuzzy sets, rough (R,R*)-fuzzy sets theories, or F-transform theories for (R,R*)-fuzzy sets have already been created and then retransformed for these new fuzzy structures. In this paper, we continue this trend and define, on the one hand, the theory of extensional (R,R*)-fuzzy sets defined on sets with fuzzy similarity relations with values in dual pair of semirings and power sets functors related to this theory and, at the same time, the theory of cuts with relational morphisms of these structures. Illustratively, the reverse transformations of some of these concepts into new fuzzy structures are presented.


Assistant professor Nadia Khartabil from West Coast University responds to the guest editorial written by assistant editor Jonathan H. Watanabe in the July issue of The Senior Care Pharmacist. And Dr. Watanabe provides a complementary response to their letter.


This paper studies the effect of information on malaria and of distribution strategies on the demand for anti-malaria bednets. We use a randomized experiment in the city of Thies in Senegal. We offer two orthogonal treatments to a random sample of households. The first is a sale treatment and consists of (1) an offer to purchase on the spot a bednet at a subsidized price or (2) an offer to purchase a bednet at the same subsidized price with a voucher valid for 7 days. The second is an information treatment that consists of a ten-minute information session on malaria related issues. We find that information has no significant effect on the demand of bednets and that, receiving a voucher increases purchasing by 20%. Our results suggest that selling bednets at a subsidized prize allowing for some flexibility with a short period of seven days increases purchase compared to the on-the-spot sale approach.


Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are uncommon mesenchymal tumors that arise mainly in the Gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has the highest incidence and prevalence of gastrointestinal tract sarcomas, accounting for approximately five per cent of all mesenchymal tumors. After the discovery of gain-of-function mutations in 1998, the c-KIT proto-oncogene made these tumors distinguished from other subtypes of mesenchymal tumor. KIT is a 145-kD a glycoprotein. The KIT receptor has an epitope on the extra-cellular domain, CD117, which can be detected by immunohistochemical staining. Lymph node metastases are uncommon in GIST. Distant meta stases most commonly of the peritoneum, omentum, mesentery and the liver. GISTs have a high tendency to seed and hence intraperitoneal or even scar metastases are known to occur [1-5].


Given uun/er tke auspices {ff die A'i,iystry of Food. THE last fifty years have seen a profound change in the views held on the feeding of infants.' Many years ago Sir Robert Hutchison is reportedl as having said that he would "undertake to teach a baby to eat beefsteak."' His audience laughed at this statement. Now, as Dr. Helen Mackayl has pointed out, the tendency is to train babies to eat beefsteaks from about six months onwards-though the beefsteaks are usually minced or shredded so as not to overload the infant's digestive system. There is no certainty as to when, physiologically speaking, it is best to start an infant on solid foods. There is no consistency amongst native races in the time at which they do this, or when they start and finish weaning, and it seems that one of the disadvantages of the large cerebral development of humans is that it has led them more and more to do unnaturaL things, and the actions even of native races, which might be expected to live close to nature, are conditioned by taboos, religious traditions, and other products of human thought.What of the great apes-which come at least zoologically close to man? Here we are troubled by a sparsity of sciehtific information. However, hearsay evidence suggests that baby apes, even within a week or two of birth, pick at the foodstuffs their mothers eat, and it seems, therefore, that they supplement their milk diet very early in life. The nutrition of infants really begins from the start of pregnancy. While the mother's nutritional reserves are usually adequate to meet the embryonic demands of the first few months, in the latter part of pregnancy proper nutrition of the mother is of very much greater importance, for it is in the last three months of pregnancy that the embryo lays down seventy per cent. of its total birth-weight, two-thirds of its calcium phosphate, three-quarters of its protein, four-fifths of its iron, and over ninety per cent of its fat.2 At the same time the mother is enlarging her uterus by laying down additional muscle and by building up tissue stores in her body.2 Although I have stressed.the nutritional significance of the last three months of pregnancy, one must realise that the nutritional state of the mother in the early period can be of vital importance to the embryo. There seems reasonable evidence now …


The circumstances leading to the present worldwide explosion of interest in molecule–based magnetic materials are summarized. Interactions between developments in inorganic coordination and solid–state chemistry with developments in condensed–matter physics are identified as key factors in the emergence of this new field.


To the Editor. —Because of the small size of lacunae, definitive diagnosis of these isolated deep infarcts was confined to autopsy until the recent introduction of high-resolution computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the brain. Even with autopsy, good clinicopathologic correlation was not possible, owing to the time lapse between clinical ictus and death or the finding of multiple infarcts on gross examination of the brain.1Ichikawa et al recently described a patient with a distinct clinical lacunar syndrome diagnosed by CT as "capsular ataxic hemiparesis" (Archives1982;39: 585-586). That patient exhibited left sensory deficits and weakness sparing the face, with greater weakness in the leg than in the arm, and homolateral ataxia. There was no dysarthria. I recently observed a patient with a similar syndrome. Report of a Case. —A 79-year-old woman


The possibilities of using the vegetative mycelium of xylotrophic fungi of the varnished tinder fungus (Curt.:Fr.) P. Karst. and tinder funnel of sulfur yellow (Bull.) Murrill as food additives for poultry of the parent flock. These types of mushrooms are known as promising biotechnology producers of compounds of sterol and carbohydrate nature, carotenoids, vitamins and other substances with high biological activity. In the process of growing the mycelium was enriched with trace elements germanium, which can partially stop oxygen starvation in tissues. Powdered feed additives were fed with the main diet and allowed to increase the total blood protein of poultry against the background of fraction growth by 5-7%, and the hemoglobin content - by 7-9%. A positive effect on the immune parameters of the parent flock blood and the antioxidant status of their body were established, and a decrease in the markers of oxidative processes was shown. Feed additives allowed to increase the safety of the parent poultry flock, improve incubation rates of eggs, increase the rates of chickens by 5-6% relative to the control.


[Objective] To monitor and analyze the levels of blood lipid and blood glucose in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus.[Methods]The monitoring of blood lipid and blood glucose was conducted in 419 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and the results were compared with the data of 528 healthy controls.[Results]The levels of total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were significantly higher than those in the normal control group.The TG and TC levels in patients under 60 years old were significantly higher than those in patients over 60 years old.The rate of abnormalities for TC,TG,HDL-C and LDL-C at the same time was 15.51%.The level of fasting blood glucose has positive correlation with TC and TG levels,and has no correlation with HDL-C and LDL-C levels.[Conclusion]Type 2 diabetes patients usually have abnormal glucose metabolism complicated with metabolism disorder of lipid.In addition to control blood glucose,it is important to treat lipid abnormality to reduce the complications.


Solid powder generating minus ion was microencapsulated by polystyrene with the drying-in-liquid method. In the microencapsulation, (R)-(+) limonene as the solvent for polystyrene and ethylene glycol as the continuous phase were adopted instead of the conventional organic solvent such as dichloromethane, benzene and toluene, and water, respectively. It was mainly investigated whether the solvents adopted here could be applied to the drying-in-liquid method or not and how the viscosity of the shell solution and the oil soluble surfactant affected the content of core material. The oil soluble surfactant made hydrophilic solid powder more hydrophobic and resulted in an increase of the content. Microcapsules containing solid powder could be prepared with the drying-in-liquid method using (R)-(+) limonene and ethylene glycol. An increase in the viscosity of the shell solution repressed the movement of solid powder particles in a droplet of the shell solution during the microencapsulation process and resulted in the higher content. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008


Intensive cooling has been shown to increase energy expenditure (EE) during work as well as to decrease physical performance. Two different levels of moderate cooling (10°C vs 15°C) were studied during light endurance exercise in order to examine the effect of the increased heat loss on EE. Twelve subjects performed a 90‐min low intensity exercise (100 W) on a cycle ergometer, wearing a water‐cooled calorimeter suit for controlled cooling. The lower temperature resulted in a 4.3±3.8% (mean±SD) higher EE, increased total heat loss and lowered skin temperatures. No differences in central core body temperature, heart rate or respiratory quotient (RQ) were recorded. There was a relation between differences in the rate of heat loss and the corresponding increase in EE. Even a small increase in cooling during endurance exercise increased EE which may be a relevant problem in winter sports.


1. The design Product name: laryngoscope (KT2020A-L). 2. The design products for the medical use of the device. 3. The design features a front view of the product design. 4. Specify a front view for publication design patents.


We report a biobased route to methacrylic acid via selective decarboxylation of itaconic acid utilizing catalytic ruthenium carbonyl propionate in an aqueous solvent system. High selectivity (>90%) was achieved at low catalyst loading (0.1 mol %) with high substrate concentration (5.5 M) at low temperature (200–225 °C) and pressure (≤425 psig) relative to previous contributions in this area. Direct decarboxylation of itaconic acid was achieved as opposed to the conjugate base reported previously, thereby avoiding basification and acidification steps. Also investigated was catalytic manganese(II) oxalate (5 mol %), but low yield (4.8%) and evolution of carbon monoxide via oxalate decomposition was problematic. Attempts at stabilization of the catalyst with triphenylphosphine were unsuccessful, but it exhibited greater catalytic efficacy (14.0% yield) than the manganese catalyst (4.8% yield) at 5 mol %. Neither carbon monoxide nor propylene (excessive decarboxylation) were detected during ruthenium-catalyze...


Dispersed bubbly flow plays an imperative role in the chemical, biochemical and food industries. In the present work, the physics of liquid and gas properties on motion of microbubble in various liquid media was enunciated. The size of microbubble and the distribution of microbubbles generated by the pressurised dissolution method in different liquid media is also examined. Experimental result shows that the terminal rise velocity of microbubble is significantly affected by liquid and gas properties. The stability of microbubble dispersion is analysed by the drainage mechanism. The stability of microbubble dispersions is also examined by using its electrical properties. Correlations are also developed to interpret the bubble size, half-life and drainage mechanism of microbubble. The present study may be useful for further understanding microbubble aided processes and developing them for industrial applications. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Lessons learned from previous earthquakes have shown the importance of lateral reinforcement in improving ductility of concrete columns. This paper focuses on summarizing the research on developing a new technology based on using shape memory alloy (SMA) spirals to enhance the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns. The research investigated the advantages and feasibility of this technology in both circular and non-circular columns and proved that SMA confinement is more efficient than conventional confinement using steel spirals or fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) jackets.


[Objective] Astragalus injection combined salvia injection on acute cerebral infarction with clinical efficacy.[Methods] Within 72 hours of onset of acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into two groups.56 cases treated group injection joint salvia intravenous injection,the control group,56 cases of intravenous infusion of Danshen injection.Two other treatment groups the same.Observation 2 group efficacy and neurological deficit score and activities of daily living scale score.[Results] The total effective treatment group was 92.8%,control group was 83.9%,total effective rate,the difference was significant (P 0.05).After treatment,neurological deficits and activities of daily living score improved scale scores were better than the control group.[Conclusion] AI joint salvia injection on acute cerebral infarction reliable,safe and good.


The goals of this study were to determine the effects of furnish type and mat density on temperature and vapor pressure inside the mat of wood-based panels during hot pressing and to confirm their effects on panel properties. Two furnish types, hinoki strand (HS) and recycled wood particles (RW), were used for experimental panels using urea-formaldehyde resin at five board densities and 15% mat moisture content. A monitoring device was used to sense the temperature and vapor pressure during hot pressing. The results from this study showed that furnish type and mat density affected temperature and vapor pressure behaviors. The results also showed the effect on panel properties. HS-board had a higher plateau temperature, longer plateau time, and higher vapor pressure than did Mixed- and RW-board. Higher mat density was associated with higher plateau temperature and vapor pressure and longer plateau time and vapor pressure band. Plateau time and temperature were also correlated with vapor pressure. Furthermore, density showed linear relationships with plateau temperature and internal bonding (IB). A linear relationship was also found between plateau temperature and IB, and non-linear relationships were found for vapor pressure with plateau temperature and IB.


We investigated individuals' representations of their partners' facial appearance as a possible contributory factor to relationship maintenance. Couples completed measures assessing their attitudes to their relationship and their partner, and were photographed. These photographs were manipulated to increase or decrease facial attractiveness. Participants were asked to select the veridical image of their partner from a seven image array (three less attractive than the original, the veridical image, and three more attractive than the original). Individuals who rated their relationships positively were more likely to select images of their partners that had been made artificially more attractive as being the veridical images. Individuals dissatisfied with their relationship showed the opposite effect. When participants were analysed independently by sex, these relationships were only present for female participants. Familiar celebrity faces manipulated in the same way were perceived accurately. Implications of these findings for the maintenance of relationships and theories of face perception are discussed.


Aqueous biphasic systems containing ionic liquids (ILs) attract rather high attention; in particular their application in liquid–liquid extraction is very attractive due to the specificity of the systems and great possibilities in the modification of IL chemical structures. In the present work, a series of amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) based on the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cation and l-glutamic acid anion [Cnmim][Glu] (n = 4, 6, 8) were synthesized. Densities, refractive indices, and specific electrical conductivities of aqueous solutions of these AAILs in the concentration range 0–70 wt % (for [C4mim][Glu] solutions up to 87 wt %) were measured at temperature 298.15 K and ambient pressure 0.1 MPa. The liquid–liquid equilibria for ternary solutions [Cnmim][Glu] + salt (K2CO3) + water at 298.15 K were under study. In aqueous solutions of [C8mim][Glu] micellization is observed, whereas [C4mim][Glu] and [C6mim][Glu] in aqueous solutions form small ordinary aggregates. The critical micellar concentratio...


Fatigue driving has always been a major hidden danger that threatens traffic safety. The introduction of fatigue monitoring technology can greatly reduce traffic accidents caused by fatigue driving and produce huge social effects. At present, in the field of vision-based fatigue driving research, the extraction of the driver's eye or mouth features is often used for judgment. However, the criterion is single and the post-processing is insufficient, and the interference of factors such as noise can easily cause misjudgement and reduce the recognition rate. In order to improve the accuracy of parameter extraction and solve the problem of low recognition rate of a single parameter, this paper proposes a feature extraction algorithm based on Euler angle correction, and adds a multi-feature fusion decision method to enhance the applicability of the algorithm. Experiments prove that the algorithm has higher accuracy after modification and fusion.


Findings from international research as well as from Sweden show that breastfeeding is important for infant health. Further there are still needs to continuously invest on the society level to prom ...


Introduction.  Wage as social and economic category and main tool of reaching personal needs of employees is considered in this article. The wage is also an economic lever that stimulates the development of society, growth of productivity, reducing of production costs, personnel distribution among economic activities. Therefore, this category is always relevant in the context of research of it's different aspects. The problem of wages' variations in Ukraine and Ukrainian regions needs a deeper and comprehensive research using statistical methods and tools. Purpose is to design approaches to comparative statistical analysis of wages' variation in Ukraine and Ukrainian regions. Method (methodology). Elements of statistical methodology, including summarizing and grouping of variations, the method of elimination have been used in this research to achieve it's main purpose. Results. The usage of statistical indicators to analyze the variation of wages by economic activity allows to define and assess the level and degree of variable's variation patterns.  Changes over time have been also investigated because of their major role in wage's variation. In particular, it becomes possible to identify increasing or reducing trends of variables to draw conclusions about the influence of some factors on effective indicator. Ranking with further grouping allows to classify the system of indicators.


A mathematical model of atmospheric optics was developed to predict the nighttime sky-glow impacts of a proposed nuclear waste repository in a national park. The prediction performance of the Night-Sky-Glow Model was evaluated to the extent possible with existing data. The model was applied to the proposed facility from several viewpoints within the park and the potential for normal perception of the calculated night glow and the potential of the night glow to obscure starlight were estimated.


By applying ultrafast optical spectroscopy to electron-doped ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.9}{\mathrm{Ce}}_{0.1}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\delta}}$, we discern a bosonic mode of electronic origin and provide the evolution of its coupling with the charge carriers as a function of temperature. Our results show that it has the strongest coupling strength near ${T}_{c}$ and can fully account for the superconducting pairing. This mode can be associated with the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin correlations emerging below a critical temperature ${T}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}$ larger than ${T}_{c}$. Our work may help to establish a quantitative relation between bosonic excitations and superconducting pairing in electron-doped cuprates.


The design of embedded BLDCM remote control system is proposed aiming at the problem of the real-time ability for motor remote networked control system.Remote controller and local controller are designed in the BLDCM drive system.Dual-closed loop control is realized in the remote controller.Local controller controls the motor running and acquires the operation condition parameters,and then transmits the data to the remote controller via Ethernet.Controller implements the embedded operating system μC/OS-Ⅱ as administration software to realize reliable multiple task operation.Dual-closed loop control strategy is used in the BLDCM control system.Speed control combines the PI control and the adaptive fuzzy control.PID control is realized in the current closed control.Simulation result shows that the adaptive fuzzy modulation improves the dynamic performance and reduces the influence of the delay time for the system control performance.


This report documents the testing of a rotating bayonet assembly. It provides the details of how the test was carried out and the results of the testing. The testing was done on a mock up of an 1 1/2-inch x 3-inch gaseous argon bayonet assembly designed to allow a translational movement of 40-inches. The test was necessary to provide a level of confidence in the design concept The testing was a success. It provided confidence that the bayonet assembly design will work for the 1 1/2-inch x 3-inch pipe size. No leaks were detected during any of the testing. The o-ring seals did not leak when the bayonet assembly was misaligned. The force required to move the assembly was 15 to 60+ pounds force. This seems reasonable. No binding was observed with the misalignments. The misalignments were up to 2.7 degrees from true vertical. This misalignment is noticeable to the casual observer and should be greater than carefully installed field piping. The goal of the rotary bayonet assembly test was to: (1) Determine that the seals in the bayonet are sealing while it is being rotated; (2) Determine the effect misalignment of the bayonets from a true vertical has on the tightness of the o-rings; (3) Get an idea of the magnitude of the forces involved when exercising the assembly with misalignment; (4) Get an idea of how much misalignment can be tolerated; and (5) Provide a level of confidence that the rotary bayonet concept will work as intended in the D-Zero cryogenic system.


The present invention describes a kind of system, equipment, method and machine readable media for performing high level of authentication technology and associated application.Such as, an a kind of embodiment of method comprises: receive the strategy that identification one group can accept authentication function; Determine one group of client validation function; And screen described one group based on described determined one group of client validation function and can accept authentication function, to draw the user of the group of the one or more authentication functions filtered out for the described client of checking.


Fiber optics offers unique advantages to those industries utilizing microprocessors, distributed control, and even conventional control in hostile environments; the petrochemical industry is a prime candidate for fiber optics (F.O.) applications. This paper defines the present status of fiber optics in the petrochemical industry as well as problems which may impede its growth. Example of typical applications are included for classified areas, motor interlocking, and microcomputer control.


Viability score based on heart rate, colour, muscle tone, respiration, and attempts to stand was correlated with pH (r = 0.82, P = 0.0001), pCO2 (r = − 0.85, P = 0.0001), and pO2 (r = 0.27, P = 0.0001) in 1217 neonatal piglets, indicating that viability score is an excellent measure of the extent of asphyxia suffered by piglets during parturition. Key words: Viability, blood gas, neonatal pig


This magnificently illustrated volume brings together more than five years of research in Jamaica and libraries across America and Britain. The study looks successively at the architecture of the s...


Field-effect mobility and threshold voltage are modulated by functionalizing gold electrodes with chemisorbed SAMs of aromatic thiols having an increasing number of phenylenes. The contact resistance in poly(3-hexylthiophene)-based TFTs was found to be ruled by the joint effect of the energetic alignment between metal and semiconductor, the interfacial morphology and tunneling resistance of the SAMs.


Fish oil has been touted for its many benefits, including reductions in inflammation and oxidative stress. Some investigators have hypothesized that these reductions would lead to reduced atrial fibrillation (AF) burden; previous studies have yielded mixed results. In a well-designed, Canadian, double-blind, controlled trial (NCT01235130), researchers randomized …


In this research article, a hybrid approach is presented which based on well-known meta-heuristics algorithms. This study based on integration of Quantum Genetic Algorithm (QGA) and Estimation of Distribution Algorithm, EDA, (for simplicity we use Q-EDA) for flowshop scheduling, a well-known NP hard Problem, while focusing on the total flow time minimization criterion. A relatively new method has been adopted for the encoding of jobs sequence in flowshop known as angel rotations instead of random keys, so QGA become more efficient. Further, EDA has been integrated to update the population of QGA by making a probability model. This probabilistic model is built and used to generate new candidate solutions which comprised on best individuals, obtained after several repetitions of proposed (Q-EDA) approach. As both heuristics based on probabilistic characteristics, so exhibits excellent learning capability and have minimum chances of being trapped in local optima. The results obtained during this study are presented and compared with contemporary approaches in literature. The current hybrid Q-EDA has implemented on different benchmark problems. The experiments has showed better convergence and results. It is concluded that hybrid Q-EDA algorithm can generally produce better results while implemented for Flowshop Scheduling Problem (FSSP).


Objective: To identify predictors of helpseeking and use of mental health treatment for obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) using the behavioral model of health service use.


: Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common metabolic and reproductive disorders among women of reproductive age. Women suffering from PCOS present with a constellation of symptoms associated with menstrual dysfunction and androgen excess, which significantly impacts their quality of life. They may be at increased risk of multiple morbidities, including obesity, insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), infertility, cancer, and psychological disorders. In the present study, the pharmacological activity of Shatapushpa Churn was evaluated against Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by oral route. The Letrozole-induced PCOS rat model was Standardized in adult Wistar female rats. The rats that demonstrated irregular estrous cyclicity, glucose intolerance, increased body weight, and altered steroid status compared to vehicle control were considered as PCOS-Positive. These animals were subsequently used to evaluate the efficacy of Shatapushpa Churn. In the present study, the pharmacological activity of Shatapushpa Churn was evaluating against Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by oral route. The Letrozole-induced PCOS rat model was Standardized in adult Wistar female rats. The rats that demonstrated irregular estrous cyclicity, glucose intolerance, increased body weight, and altered steroid status compared to vehicle control were considered as PCOS-Positive. These animals were subsequently used to evaluate the efficacy of Shatapushpa Churna. untreated rats. As far as biochemical parameters are concerned, they remain well within the range after Shatapushpa Churn, and Metformin treatment. Histopathology of the ovary showed normal follicular growth in Shatapushpa Churn treated rats like vehicle control and recovery group (metformin group). The present study indicates that Shatapushpa Churn (low,Mid and high dose) can be used to treat PCOS.


A varying temperature and humidity regime was tested on a total of 200 hybrid birds (White Plymouth Rock x Cornish crosses). Investigated were some indices of the carbohydrate metabolism and the deposition of vitamins in the organism as well as the effect of the temperature and humidity regime on the growth and development of broilers. It was established that the content of glycogen in the liver and the muscles in birds raised first at 32 degree C and relative air humidity of 65--70 per cent was higher than in birds raised at 36 degree C and relative air humidity of 45--50 per cent. Besides, these observations were coupled with some changes in the content of blood sugar and the amount of A and E vitamins in the liver. The body weight of the test broilers by the end of the experiment was 30 grams higher than that of the control group broilers.


The efficacy of diminazene aceturate with and without ascorbate supplementation in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolese was investigated. Changes in parasitemia, blood parameters (Haematocrit (PCV), haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte counts), liver, spleen and heart masses and histology were evaluated 7 days after T. congolense inoculation (untreated rats) and 7 and 14 days after diminazene aceturate (7 mg/kg) intramuscular injection with and without daily ascorbate (200, 400 or 800 mg/ kg) supplementation via oral cannula. Parasitemia was evident by day 5 post infection and all untreated rats died within 14 days post inoculation. No significant morphological and histopathological changes were found in the heart and liver. The spleen was significantly enlarged but no histological lesion was evident. Diminazene treatment efficiently reduced the increase in spleen weights on day 7. Treatment was effective on day 14 only in the ascorbate supplemented groups. Erythrocyte parameters were also significantly reduced in infected rats. Neither treatment with diminazene alone nor diminazene/ascorbate combination significantly reversed the fall in PCV, Hb and RBC values. Parasites were absent in the blood by day 7 post treatment (PT) in both diminazene and diminazene/ascorbate groups but parasite resurgence was observed on day 14 without ascorbate supplementation. These results showed that the efficiency of treatment with diminazene aceturate alone or combination with ascorbate was limited in T. congolense infection, apparently because of early re-emergence of the parasite which may be related to its virulence or to its resistance to diminazene. Keywords: Ascorbate, Diminazene, Haematology, Liver, Murine, Parasitaemia, Spleen, Trypanosoma congolense


The thermoelasticity theories describing a finite speed for the propagation of thermal perturbation have been investigated over the last 50 years. In contrast to the classical thermoelasticity theory, these nonclassical theories involve a hyperbolic type heat transport equation and they are motivated by experiments exhibiting the actual occurence of wave‐type heat transport, so‐called second sound (cf. [6–8,11,26]).


This paper presen 重 s a sirnplified evaluation me 重 hod for stress of pne Cluring of embedded pile group using a sway − rQcking model for soi1 ・ 5tructure proposed me 重 hod can take into account effects of pile groups , backfill soil and stress distribution of pilc groups . lhis me1hod can be applieCl to the desigit of pile groups . The resUlts are in accord wi 重 h rigorous solutions and experimental results


The article summarizes over 40 years of authors' experience in the field of physical chemistry and chemical technology of glassy state of materials. It is shown that environmental issues are caused not by Chemistry as a science but by actions of ecologically illiterate humans using its advances. It is noted that without chemistry humankind cannot live comfortably and solve existing environmental problems. In support these facts we describe several developments made by authors of this article in energy industry, high temperature machinery, glass production technology, glassy phosphate fertilizers, production of non-waste systems and complex research of physical-chemical principles of glassy oil sorbents production of organic and non-organic nature.


. Allozymes were assessed by starch gel electrophoresis in 3 populations of a eutardigrade, Richtersius coronifer, with different reproductive modes. One population from Italy (with 2 sub-populations) was amphimictic and 2 populations (1 from Italy and 1 from Sweden) were parthenogenetic. All populations, irrespective of their reproductive mode, were diploid with the same chromosome number (2n=12) and had bivalents in the oocytes. Of the 14 loci analyzed, only 3 were polymorphic. The amphimictic population had a higher degree of genetic variability (mean heterozygosity >0.25) than the parthenogenetic populations (mean heterozygosity of the 2 populations <0.01). In all female populations, allele frequencies at all 3 loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibria due to heterozygote deficiency. These results support a hypothesis of automictic parthenogenesis in R. coronifer.


The technical features of the present invention is to improve the EUV exposure performance and increase the yield of the EUV exposure process, also provides an EUV exposure system, which may increase to maintain the throughput (throughput) or productivity of the EUV exposure process. The EUV exposure system is extreme ultraviolet to the wafer placed on the chuck table of the inside: an EUV exposure apparatus for performing (Extreme Ultraviolet EUV) exposure; The load lock (load lock) chamber that is coupled to the EUV exposure apparatus supplies the wafer to the EUV exposure apparatus, and discharged from the EUV exposure apparatus wherein the wafer; And a front mask UV (whole surface) exposed to irradiation with UV light without UV exposure apparatus for performing the wafer; and a.


This work studies the relationship between parameters of a Directed Energy Deposition process and the resulting microstructure and properties of the additively manufactured material. The results concern the analysis of single-track walls. In a first part we investigate the effect of the process parameters on the geometry of the cross section of a single-track printed on a substrate and propose an algebraic model. As a consequence we generate of an operational process parameter window for an optimal geometry. In the second part we discuss the observed microstructure under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in terms of grain size and orientation as well as the cellular substructure. The observation observed conducts to an optimal range of the printing. The results indicate that an optimization of the process parameters trigger the control of microstructure and consequently its macroscopic mechanical behavior.


The application of multi-sensor systems for the monitoring of machining processes is becoming more commonplace to improve productivity, automation and reliability. In order to enhance knowledge in this area of applications, this study proposes a novel approach for the continuous on-line condition monitoring of grinding operation using low cost infrared and visual imager alongside with more commonly used sensors i.e. AE sensor, accelerometer and dynamometer. To achieve this aim a multi-sensor system is developed and installed for the monitoring of grinding operation. The signals acquired and analyzed by the system include visual, thermal, force, vibration and AE under different grinding conditions. Image processing techniques are used to establish that an increase in sparks within grinding zone results in rise of grinding zone temperature, which in turn results in increased surface roughness. Signal processing techniques are used to establish that dressing of wheel is most influential factor for surface roughness of workpiece. Artificial intelligence is then used successfully on both infrared and visual data to establish an automated continuous on-line monitoring system for grinding operation with an accuracy of 95 percent.


This reasearch about cholesterol and β-caroten contens in the duck's egg from several duck breeders in central of Java aims to find out the effect of cultivation management on cholesterol and β-caroten. The use of this research to add knowledge about important role of cholesterol and β-caroten which is contained in duck egg toward body function. Sample collection of duck egg implemented at four breeder in Java, that are Cirebon (Rambon duck), Brebes (Tegal duck), Magelang (Magelang duck) and Mojokerto (Mojosari duck). Egg quality measurement implemented in Laboratory Biology Structure and animal function, Department of Biology, Diponegoro University and Wahana Laboratory. The method applied in this research was egg collected in each area. The paremeter that observed was duck weight, woof type, egg weight, cholesterol and β-caroten content of egg. The data that obtained then analyzed by using Analysis of Varience (ANOVA), based on RAL. If there were differences between the treatment, then continued by next assay that was using Duncan assay with 95% significance level. Based on feeding management in four duck breeder, that were, duck breeder in A area gave Eichornia crassipes as additional woof,    B area gave Ipomoea aquatica as additional woof, C area gave corn ( Zea mays ) as additional woof, and D area gave shrimp (Penaeidae Sp. ) as additional woof, that was showed real differences between four duck breeder toward cholesterol and    β-caroten content of duck egg. Based on the result, can be concluded that woof difference in four duck breeder in Java, also produce different cholesterol and     β-caroten content.


Partial table of contents: Pyridoxal Phosphate: History and Nomenclature (E. Snell). Conformation and Stereochemistry of Free and Bound Pyridoxal Phosphate and Its Derivatives (M. Palcic, H. Floss). Kinetic and Equilibria Studies with Pyridoxal Phosphate Enzymes (W. Jenkins). Mass Spectra of Pyridoxal and Pyridoxamine Phosphates (G. Tryfiates, R. Smith). Crystal Structure of Vitamin B6 and Derivatives (M. Darriet et al.). Synthesis of Vitamin B6 and Its Analogs: Labeling, Biological Activities, and Characterization by Physical Methods (W. Korytnyk). Biosynthesis of Vitamin B6 (R. Hill, I. Spenser). Chromatographic Analysis of Vitamin B6 and Derivatives (S. Coburn). Determination of Pyridoxal Phosphate and Pyridoxamine Phosphate Using a Chromogenic Substrate (C. Suelter, J. Dombrowski). Radiometric-Microbiological Assay of Vitamin B6 and Derivatives (T. Guilarte). Author Index. Subject Index.


PML (Perfectly Matched Layer) is treated as a substructure. The transverse section of the substructures is made discrete by using regular edge elements, and the stiff matrices can be calculated by precision integration based on Riccati equations in a Hamiltonian system. Finally, we can solve the waveguide discontinuity problems by the combination of the export stiff matrices of substructures. The rectangular discontinuous waveguides are calculated and the influence of energy loss with the change of substructure length is shown. The results demonstrate that the method has high efficiency, accuracy and suitability for the analyses of waveguide discontinuities.


In 2001, the federal government introduced the Affordable Housing Initiative as a means of stimulating the increased production of affordable housing. This represented its first significant commitment to affordable housing construction since its exit from the housing sector in the early 1990s. The program involved an investment of over $1 billion spread over 5 years. In Ontario, over $364 million was directed towards the production of rental and supportive housing, of which Toronto received some $79 million. This has resulted in the construction of some 1,135 new affordable rental units in Toronto. This paper considered the on the ground impacts of the Affordable Housing Initiative on the City of Toronto. In doing so, it examined the shifts in housing policy within Canada, and specifically Ontario with a focus on welfarism, neoliberalism and post-welfarism. A series of indepth interviews was conducted with key housing stakeholders within the housing sector including representatives of the City of Toronto, Toronto Community Housing, and housing advocates. This has allowed for a multifaceted analysis of the program's impacts on affordable housing in the city. The findings suggest that despite the introduction of the Affordable Housing Initiative, Toronto's affordable housing system has witnessed an increased reliance on the private sector, and the perpetuation of band-aid solutions. This has been a result of the federal government divesting itself of the burden of initiating and delivering social programs. Within the context of a post-welfare state that has been influenced by neoliberalism, this is an expected outcome. It is also noted, however, that housing policy at the local level has been subjected to provincial oversight by the Ontario Municipal Board. This serves to attenuate the influences of NIMBYism on land-use policies that are associated with the construction of affordable housing. Given the findings, the following recommendations are made: a) the senior levels of government commit to


A shift control device for a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine (12) whose output power is controlled by an electronic throttle valve (26) for adjusting the flow rate of intake air, and a continuously variable transmission (18) in a power transmission train between the internal combustion engine (12) and drive wheels (24L, 24R) is arranged and operable to change a speed ratio thereof, comprising: a shift control means (50, 60) for controlling the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission in dependence on operating conditions of the vehicle, so that an input-side rotational speed of the transmission is variable within a first range during a normal running of the vehicle, an error detecting means (S1) for determining whether the electronic throttle valve (26) is faulty or not, and a restriction means (64) for limiting the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission (18) such that the input-side rotational speed of the transmission is variable within a second range when the error detecting means (S1) determines that the electronic throttle valve is faulty, wherein said second region narrower than the ...


Lignosulfonates are bio-based surfactants and specialty chemicals, which are generated by breaking the near-infinite lignin network during sulfite pulping of wood. Due to their amphiphilic nature, lignosulfonates are used in manifold applications such as plasticizer, dispersant, and stabilizer formulations. Function and performance are determined by their behavior in aqueous solution and at surfaces and interfaces, which is in turn imposed by the chemical make-up. This review hence summarizes the efforts made into delineating the physicochemical properties of lignosulfonates, while also relating to their composition and structure. Lignosulfonates are randomly branched polyelectrolytes with abundant sulfonate and carboxylic acid groups to ensure water-solubility. In aqueous solution, their conformation, colloidal state, and adsorption at surfaces or interfaces can be affected by a range of parameters, such as pH, concentration of other electrolytes, temperature, and the presence of organic solvents. These parameters may also affect the adsorption behavior, which reportedly follows Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second-order kinetics. The relative hydrophobicity, as determined by hydrophobic interaction chromatography, is an indicator that can help to relate composition and behavior of lignosulfonates. More hydrophobic materials have been found to exhibit a lower charge density. This may improve dispersion stabilization, but it can also be disadvantageous if an electrokinetic charge needs to be introduced at solid surfaces or if precipitation due to salting out is an issue. In addition, the monolignol composition, molecular weight distribution, and chemical modification may affect the physicochemical behavior of lignosulfonates. In conclusion, the properties of lignosulfonates can be tailored by controlling aspects such as the production parameters, fractionation, and by subsequent modification. Recent developments have spawned a magnitude of products and technologies, which is also reflected in the wide variety of possible application areas.


Cyanide bearing waste water was treated by ion exchange resin and ion exchange fiber.The absorbability of two kinds of adsorbent on CN-,copper and zinc cyanide complexes in cyanide bearing wastewater were studied.The results show that the strong basic ion exchange fiber is a potential material for treating cyanide bearing wastewater as its having a high adsorption rate and a large adsorption capacity for copper and zinc cyanide complexes compared to those of ion exchange resin.


The implementation of China Ⅳ emission legislation induces the diesel engine promotion and after-treatment systems development from engine manufacturers to meet enforced legal requirements.Changes of the diesel engine bring higher standards for lubricants.Low SAPS(lower levels of Sulphated Ash,Phosphorus and Sulphur) engine oils are required,and that will bring a challenging issue to develop high quality lubricant formula and additives.The demand of engine oils varies with OEMs technologies,so it is an important research trend in the future to develop the specialized engine oils for different OEMs.


The Twilight Saga novels (2005-2010) by Stephenie Meyer have rejuvenated the popularity and interest in the modern day vampire and have also ensured a certain renaissance for his werewolf counterpart. As a result, the werewolf characters of this multi-volume, multi-format vampire story have become as wellknown and as popular as their revenant rivals. It is for this reason that this paper will concentrate on the dual figure of the werewolf as represented in the Twilight series of Young Adult novels using Michael Lundblad's discourse of the jungle from his book The Birth of a Jungle: Animality in Progressive-Era U.S. Literature and Culture (2013). Lundblad's theoretical methodology is based in animality studies and uses Freudian-Darwinism from the turn of the century to interpret representations of animals and animality as featured in literary texts. He pays particular attention to the figure of the wolf and his readings of this creature both as a "real" animal and as a metaphor for human masculinity will be used in this paper to shed light upon the pack of werewolves in the Twilight Saga. In a discussion of the animalised traits of the wolf-men in human form and the humanity in the wolves in animal form, this paper will seek to question the blurring of the beast/human divide of these post-humans and to investigate Meyerist hyper masculinity in this gendered teen body.


Bronchodilatory response to the combination of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide vs salbutamol alone inhaled from the mesh nebulizer in children aged 6–11 years with clinical and spirometric features of asthma exacerbation was compared. A comparable bronchodilatory effect of both treatments was demonstrated in 15th minute after drug administration.


We propose a new prioritized demand multiplexing (PDM) scheme for wormhole networks. Conventional demand multiplexing allows a set of ready flits to share a physical link in a strict round robin manner Thus, it does not allow flexibility for fast movement of high priority messages. The proposed PDM scheme allows a virtual channel, containing flits of a high priority message, to use its associated physical channel for multiple number of successive clock cycles. We present motivation behind the proposed PDM scheme, description of the scheme, and implementation issues. The study suggests that allowing a virtual channel with a high priority message to use 2 successive clock cycles is sufficient to provide up to 35% reduction in latency for high priority messages. The results demonstrate significant potential for designing high performance wormhole systems to support efficient implementation of applications with hybrid traffic characteristics.


The crime of rape against children is a serious problem that must be resolved by the government. The increase in cases of rape against children proves that the existing regulations have not provided a deterrent effect for the perpetrators. The state here has a role in dealing with victims of rape, the role of the state can be realized through the rehabilitation process as a step to restore the psychological condition of victims as a result of crimes that have occurred. In addition to rehabilitation, the state also issued regulations to prevent these crimes from recurring by issuing Law Number 17 of 2016. Several questions arise from the author that the issuance of this law can fulfil the rights of children as victims of rape and be able to prevent the crime of rape from recurring. The research indicated that the existence of Law Number 17 of 2016 does not guarantee protection for child victims of rape. The law focuses on the punishment of perpetrators not on the rehabilitation process that should be carried out by the state and the rights of children who are victims of rape have not been fulfilled.


A self-supported dual-cation (Mo,Cu) co-doped Ni2P@ nickel foam catalyst (Mo,Cu-Ni2P@NF) has been prepared, and the co-doped samples can distort the lattice and expose a larger specific surface area, which provides more reaction locations, and exhibit an efficient water splitting performance.


The injection of gas into water through a hollow needle gives a stream of bubbles; these bubbles can be effectively broken up by application of high-voltage pulses. Experimental work shows that this mechanism works in demineralized water even in conducting tap water if the pulses have a short rise time. Bubble diameters down to at least 50 /spl mu/m can be obtained. The pulse source uses either a high-voltage tetrode or a spark gap as switching element. Extremely small bubbles are produced at a high rate and a low power input. Applications of this method can be found in chemical process technology.


Utilizing the entropy evaluation approach to construct a local digital economy index, this paper investigates the influence of digital economy development on corporate social responsibility (CSR) using a sample of Chinese listed firms from 2011 to 2020. Our findings indicate that the development of the digital economy can facilitate enterprise digital transformation, enhance agency efficiency, and increase online media attention, thereby significantly promoting CSR performance for local firms. Further analysis shows that the local digital economy has varying impacts on distinct dimensions of CSR, with more pronounced effects observed among state-owned enterprises, firms in secondary industries, large-scale and non-digital firms. Overall, these findings suggest that the development of the digital economy fosters the willingness of firms to engage in CSR, resulting in a favorable interaction between firms and stakeholders.


Abstract We establish sufficient conditions for differentiability of the expected cost collected over a discrete-time Markov chain until it enters a given set. The parameter with respect to which differentiability is analysed may simultaneously affect the Markov chain and the set defining the stopping criterion. The general statements on differentiability lead to unbiased gradient estimators.


SIMPLANT ® – accuracy with computer guided implant treatment SIMPLANT computer guided implant treatment offers a comprehensive 3D option for accurate and predictable implant placement and involves five distinct steps: 1) data acquisition, 2) implant planning and guide selection, 3) drill guide design and manufacturing, 4) surgical intervention and 5) immediate restoration (optional). The SIMPLANT Guide is a surgical template, custom made for each patient's clinical situation. The guide provides means for accurate drilling and implant placement and is designed to give greater control and to minimize the risks involved with standard, " free-hand " , implant placement 1–3. It is difficult to quantify the accuracy of each individual step in this process, therefore when discussing accuracy it is mainly the overall accuracy that is discussed, which is determined by comparing the pre-operative implant position planning with the actual post-operative implant position. Accuracy with SIMPLANT guided surgery is clearly higher than for non-guided surgery 2. However, linear and angular deviations are to be expected also when applying guided surgery, which is reported in experimental 1, 4–13 as well as clinical 2, 3, 14–27 studies, thus, underlining the importance of keeping a safety distance also when using guided surgery. Deviations with guided surgery are multifactorial. Patient specific anatomical features, such as bone density at the implant site 25 affect the accuracy. This is also true for the implant position in the mouth with smaller deviations when placing implants in the anterior region compared to the posterior region as well as placement in the lower jaw compared to the upper jaw 2. The correct positioning of the guide in the mouth 20 and its stabilization 2 during surgery are main factors for achieving accuracy, where rigid screw fixation of a single guide incorporating metal sleeves and the use of special drill guided surgery instruments can minimize deviations 2, 17. The tolerance of the drills within the drill guide/ keys, i.e. the sleeve-drill gap, allows for certain degrees of freedom when placing the implants 23–25 , therefore it is important to keep the drill in a centric position parallel to the cylinder for optimal accuracy, as shown in vitro 8, 13. Smaller deviations were observed when the sleeve insert became longer 8, 13. Furthermore, experience of the operators have been suggested to improve the accuracy 4 although not confirmed clinically 2, 14, 21. Smoking has been indicated to increase inaccuracy for mucosa-supported guides …


The purpose is to improve ranks of cadres quality all round that reinforcing and improving the education and training on the middle-level cadres in colleges and university.The priority lies in the deepening the understanding train idea;making training priority clear by analyses need;strengthening training effect by the form being innovative.


The present invention relates to a device for improving the gas exchange in determining the biochemical oxygen demand. Such devices comprise at least one container for receiving the sample to be measured, a measuring device connected to the container for determining the biochemical oxygen demand and a movably arranged in each container stirring element which is movable by a magnetic field that can be generated outside the container. The container stands on a stirrer platform under a stirring device for generating a rotating magnetic field is arranged for each container, by which the stirring member is operated. The object of the invention to provide a device that permits a compact size of the apparatus with closely juxtaposed container, an improvement of the mixing and stirring elements of an improved start-up in subsequently to the ongoing stirring platform. This object is achieved in that a control for the stirring device is provided to vary the rotational frequency of the rotary field during operation of the stirring platform. The invention also relates to a corresponding method.


The four heteronuclear clusters [Ag2Au2(μ-dpppy)3(C≡CC6H4R-4)2](ClO4)2 (R = H (1) CH3 (2), COOCH3 (3), CHO (4)) were prepared by the self-assembly reaction between (AuC≡C6H4R-4)n (R = H, CH3, COOCH3, CHO) and [Ag2(μ-dpppy)3]2+ (dpppy = 2,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)pyridine) and characterized by elemental analyses, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and 1H NMR and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy and by X-ray crystallography for 1, 3, and 4. It is revealed that the complexes exhibit bright blue (1–3) and green (4) luminescence in the solid state and in solution with the luminescent lifetimes in the microsecond range, indicating that the luminescence is most likely associated with a spin-forbidden triplet parentage. Interestingly, only complex 4 displays distinctly mechanical grinding responsive emission switching. The recognition interactions of complex 4 containing aldehyde groups with homocysteine (Hcy) and cysteine (Cys) have been studied by UV–vis and emission titrations. A strong luminescence qu...


GEOTEMP2 is a wellbore thermal simulator computer code designed for geothermal drilling and production applications. The code treats natural and forced convection and conduction within the wellbore and heat conduction within the surrounding rock matrix. A variety of well operations can be modeled including injection, production, forward, and reverse circulation with gas or liquid, gas or liquid drilling, and two-phase steam injection and production. Well completion with several different casing sizes and cement intervals can be modeled. The code allows variables suchas flow rate to change with time enabling a realistic treatment of well operations. This user manual describes the input required to properly operate the code. Ten sample problems are included which illustrate all the code options. Complete listings of the code and the output of each sample problem are provided.


This article describes the main features of carbon steel-stainless steel plated sheets as utilized in the construction of chemical tankers, with their advantages and disadvantages as compared with solid stainless steel plates, and the techniques for manufacturing and testing such plated sheets are also explained. Among the features of the plated steel which are discussed are corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, cutting, bengind, and welding of the sheets, as well as how the scantlings for the plated steel are calculated.


As a kind of new and strong intelligence technology, Genetic Programming has been widely used in many fields of science and engineering. This paper mainly studies the application of Genetic Programming in fault diagnosis field in order to drive and realize intelligent diagnosis. Furthermore, this paper builds a gearbox testing system in laboratory and simulates the modes of gearbox representative faults. Then the paper analyzes the special data derived from the experiments by genetic programming and recognizes the fault modes.


We characterize the set of all functions f of R to itself such that the associated superposition operator Tf: g ? f o g maps the class BVp1(R) into itself. Here BVp1(R), 1 = p < 8, denotes the set of primitives of functions of bounded p-variation, endowed with a suitable norm. It turns out that such an operator is always bounded and sublinear. Also, consequences for the boundedness of superposition operators defined on Besov spaces Bp,qs are discussed.


Reverberation mapping takes advantage of the presence of a time delay or lag, τ, between continuum and emission line flux variations observed through spectroscopic monitoring campaigns to infer the radius of the broad-line region (BLR) and, subsequently, the central black hole mass in type 1 AGNs. We present results from a multi-month reverberation mapping campaign undertaken primarily at MDM Observatory with supporting observations from around the world. We measure BLR radii and black hole masses for six objects. The primary goal of this campaign was to obtain either new or improved Hβ reverberation lag measurements for several relatively low-luminosity AGNs. Using cross correlation techniques to measure the time delay between the mean optical continuum flux density around 5100 Å and the integrated Hβ flux, we determine the Hβ lags and black hole mass measurements listed in columns 2 and 3 of Table 1, respectively. Column 4 tells if this measurement is new, an improvement meant to replace a previous, less reliable measurement, or simply an additional measurement not used to replace a previous value. The complete results from this study are currently being prepared for publication. A subsequent velocity-resolved analysis of the Hβ response shows that three of the six primary targets demonstrate kinematic signatures (column 5) of infall, outflow, and non-radial virialized motions (see Denney et al. 2009).


Silver carp's bone was the major material,and it find a new way to process steak. Furthermore,the intenerating,drying,deep fry,flavoring is investigated. The results indicated:bone softened was 120℃,15min;the condition of drying fish bone was 60℃,3~4h,the condition of frying fish bone was 140℃,3~4min,weight of the fish rafts by reference,salt 10%,white sugar 20%,chili powder 2%. In accordance with the process of fish steak,a nutrient-rich,unique flavor,taste good one was developed.


Motivated by the importance of the Ricean Statistical model in describing communication channels, in this paper we study statistical behavior of dual-hop amplify-and-forward relay transmission over non-identical Ricean fading channels. Fixed gain (FG) amplification at the relay is assumed. Two most important statistical functions describing total received signal-to-noise ratio are derived: probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF). They are obtained in a form of rapidly converging infinite sum. The derived expressions are valid for different fading scenarios (different Ricean K factors and average SNRs), and coincide to previously published results for Rayleigh fading.


Growth rates were thought to be slower in the more northern portion of the American alligators' (Alligator mississippiensis) range (i.e., S. C.), which would have important implications on life-history traits such as age and size of sexual maturity. We used capture-recapture data from 1972 to 1993 to determine growth rates of alligators in South Carolina. Males grew (20.2 cm/yr, 0-6 yr age; 7.22 cm/yr, 6 yr age to model asymptote) faster (P < 0.001) than females (18.0 cm/yr, 0-6 yr age; 6.34 cm/yr, 6 yr age to model asymptote) and reached a larger mean asymptotic size (M = 3.79 ± 0.08 SE m, F = 2.78 ± 0.04 m). From earlier studies, South Carolina alligators reached sexual maturity at an older age and larger body size than alligators found elsewhere. Delayed breeding at larger size in South Carolina may be related more to social dominance than to growth rates. An understanding of age and size relations are essential if alligators are to be managed effectively.


Noticing multi-fault cause and multi-sign of turbine-generator unit vibration, and combining expert system with neural network, this paper solve the problem of knowledge acquisition and self-study. To overcome the fault of neural network, partition of network technique is used to control BP network scale in acceptable range. It has been proved via the practical example tests that this system can effectively separate each fault type from each other and that it has a definite diagnostic ability in turbine-generator unit vibration fault-diagnosis.


Weldability tests on General Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) iridium capsules showed that a new iridium fabrication process reduced susceptibility to underbead cracking. Seventeen capsules were welded (a total of 255 welds) in four categories and the number of cracks in each weld was measured.


The Bus Regulatory Reform Act of 1982 (BRRA) increased entry and exit flexibility for regular-route intercity bus firms and created a process for preemption of burdensome state regulations, particularly those dealing with exit. Congress directed the Motor Carrier Ratemaking Study Commission to study the impacts of these changes. The results of that study regarding changes in bus service are presented. In the year following implementation of the BRRA, carriers filed to discontinue service to 2,154 points. Most of the points losing service had small populations; 80.7 percent had less than 2,500 persons and had been receiving a very low level of service. Revenue and cost data for a number of the route segments at issue indicated annual carrier losses of $7 million on variable costs and more than $13 million on a fully allocated cost basis. A number of routes did not have any revenue, indicating that few users would be affected by discontinuance. Against these service losses must be balanced the positive effects of increased competition resulting from 225 applications for regular route authority, of which 71 percent were for regular-route intercity service. The competitive pressures for new services and fare reductions between larger cities provide benefits such that the overall effect of increased entry and exit flexibility has been positive even though a small number of bus riders have experienced an absolute loss of service.


In this paper, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid and bismuth oxide as additives of electrolyte are studied. The results show that 5.28×10-3~6.16×10-3 mol/L 3,5-diaminabenzoic acid added into the electrolyte can inhibit the growth of Pb(II) corroded fi lm. This is an effective approach to solve the PCL problem. We also fi nd that 0.16×10-3~0.22×10-3 mol/L bismuth oxide added into the electrolyte can increase hydrogen over-potential and reduce the water loss in the process of cycle life, which lengthens the life of batteries.


The invention provides an ultra-wideband transmitter system, comprising a base band pulse generation circuit, an on-chip power supply voltage switch driving circuit, a high-frequency oscillator and an output stage driving and amplifying circuit, wherein the base band pulse generation circuit is used for receiving base band data and generating an ultra-short pulse with a small duty ratio; and the ultra-short pulse controls the high-frequency oscillator and the output stage driving and amplifying circuit to intermittently work within a period via the on-chip power supply voltage switch driving circuit so as to enable the high-frequency oscillator to naturally generate high-frequency oscillator signals needed by the ultra-wideband, and amplify and output the high-frequency oscillator signals via the output stage driving and amplifying circuit which intermittently works within the period; and the system fully uses the ultra-short pulse characteristics of the ultra-wideband so that the transmission module with large power consumption of the ultra-wideband transmitter system intermittently works within the period for a short time, and is closed in other times, thereby greatly saving the power consumption of the transmitter.