Ascites is the commonest complication of liver cirrhosis with poor prognosis and reduced survival rate. Ascites is more common in liver cirrhosis followed by hepatic encephalopathy and variceal hemorrhage. Development of ascites worsens the prognosis of the patient. The aetiology of ascites in cirrhosis is considered to be multifactorial and there are many theories for ascites pathogenesis such as overfill, underfilling, peripheral arterial vasodilatation. These condition lead to sodium retention, water retention, hepatorenal syndrome, abnormalities in systemic and splanchnic haemodynamics. Laboratory investigation on ascitic fluid and blood helps in diagnosis of aetiology, secondary infection and assessment of electrolytes, albumin etc., and the treatment of choice for tense ascites will be large volume paracentesis with albumin infusion, compared to traditional method sodium restriction and diuretics. Refractory ascites may occur in advance stage in which TIPS (Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt) is considered as more effective management, still in long term can impair hepatic function and chronic hepatic encephalopathy.


Fluctuations in photon production in scintillator could contribute to the total energy resolution of a scintillation detector. This contribution, called intrinsic resolution (IR), is one of the factors limiting the total energy resolution in detectors based on liquid organic scintillators (LSs). There are very few experimental measurements of the IR in LSs available, and the underlying physics is not completely understood. We propose a phenomenological description of IR of LSs and systematize the data available using a single universal parameter that characterizes IR. We show that all experimental data within the model demonstrate the presence of extra smearing of energy resolution due to IR with a typical value of ≃ 2% at 1-MeV energy release. The model can be used to simulate the effect of IR in LS-based detectors.


Consistent structural updates for object database design.- A procedural approach to schema evolution.- An active meta-model for knowledge evolution in an object-oriented database.- Schema integration in object-oriented databases.- Schema transformations as an aid in view integration.- Towards a model for persistent data integration.- Using explanations to improve the validation of executable models.- Visualisation for validation.- Validating conceptual models by transformational prototyping.- Partial evaluation and symbolic computation for the understanding of Fortran programs.- A multi-model approach for deriving requirements specifications for a mega-project.- The BOS-method architecture: An improved structured approach for the development of distributed information systems.- Dealing with security requirements during the development of information systems.- Elicitating and formalising requirements for C.I.M. information systems.- The three dimensions of requirements engineering.- Object-oriented analysis in practice.- Concepts for real-world modelling.- An abstraction-based rule approach to large-scale information systems development.- The semantics of parts versus aggregates in data/knowledge modelling.- Object interaction in object-oriented deductive conceptual models.- An object-oriented temporal model.- From object-oriented design towards object-oriented programming.- Automated mapping of conceptual schemas to relational schemas.- Normalization of object-oriented conceptual schemes.- Towards reliable information systems: The KorSo approach.- Similarity for analogical software reuse: A conceptual modelling approach.- Temporal aspects in reuse of requirement specifications.- Computer-aided verification of software process model properties.- An animation facility to simulate an information and communication system.- Design of user-driven interfaces using Petri nets and objects.- Perspectives on Software development Environments.- An object oriented database approach for supporting hypertext.- Estimation process of performance constraints during the design of Real-Time & Embedded systems.- Panel: Will is development methods be completely incorporated in CASE tools in the future?.


Low-temperature defatted soybean flour was used to prepare modified soybean protein by fermentation and ultrafiltration.The ultrafiltration condition was optimized,and the relative molecular weight of modified soybean protein was analyzed.The result showed that the ultrafiltration membrane of molecular weight cut-off 10 000 was used first,and the optimal ultrafiltration conditions were as follows: temperature 40℃,pH 7,pressure 0.25 MPa,initial concentration of stuff(protein content)4%.After ultrafiltrated with the membrane of molecular weight cut-off 10 000,the permeate was ultrafiltrated with membrane of molecular weight cut-off 2 000 and the concentrate obtained was dried to obtain the modified soybean protein.The protein recovery was above 65%,and the protein content of the product was over 80%.The SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the modified soybean protein contained 5 ingredients whose relative molecular weight was between 2 000 and 10 000.


Abstract: The Alzheimer amyloid precursor (APP) protein is a member of a family of glycoproteins that includes the amyloid precursor‐like proteins (APLPs). Previously, we showed that in C6 glioma cell cultures, secreted APP nexin II occurs as the core protein of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG). Here, we report that among seven untransfected cell lines, expression of secreted APP CSPG was restricted to two cell lines of neural origin, namely, C6 glioma and Neuro‐2a neuroblastoma (N2a) cells. Addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP in N2a cultures, a treatment that induces the neuronal phenotype in these cells, resulted in a significant reduction in the amount of the secreted APP CSPG, although secretion of APP was only marginally affected. Growth in the presence of serum increased the size of the secreted APP CSPG, suggesting that the number and/or length of the chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains attached to the core APP varies with growth conditions. Extensive mapping with epitope‐specific anti‐bodies suggested that a CS chain is attached within or proximal to the Aβ sequence of APP. In contrast to the restricted expression of the APP CSPG, expression of secreted APLP2 CSPGs was observed in all cell lines examined. After chondroitinase treatment, two core proteins of ∼100 and 110 kDa were obtained that reacted with an APLP2‐specific antiserum, suggesting that non‐transfected cell lines contain at least two endogenous APLP2 CSPGs, probably derived by alternative splicing of the APLP2 KPI domain. The fraction of the APLP2 proteins in the CSPG form was dependent on the particular cell line examined. The proteoglycan nature of APP and APLP2 suggests that addition of the CS glycosaminoglycan chains is important for the implementation of the biological function of these proteins. However, the differential expression of these two proteoglycans suggests that their physiological roles and their possible involvement in Alzheimer's disease may differ.


The article is outlining the problems and the need for alternative (also called diagonal) approach in the development process of the regions and in particular оn their business spheres. In this regard the first part clarifies the object of study - the region and its business sphere. The next part is looking for an answer to the questions: how the regions can be transformed into business networks and how to become pillars of their overall (holistic) development; how in the process of their modernization to be used the achievements of megatehnologic revolution of the XXI century? Afterwards certain models for organizing initiatives for regional /local business changes are presented.


The article is devoted to the research of the modernization of industrial complexes in the context of sustainable development. It presents the national and regional aspects of industrial development based on innovation as the basis for ensuring the regional and national economic security.


Located in the Internal domain of the Rif belt, the Beni Bousera massif is characterized by a stack of peridotites and crustal metamorphic units. The massif is intruded by granitic dykes and affected by several normal ductile shear zones. Structural, petrological and 40Ar–39Ar dating analyses performed on these two elements highlight that (1) the granitic dykes are emplaced within major N70° to N140° trending normal faults and shear zones, resulted from an NNE-SSW extension (2) the Aaraben fault in its NE part is characterized by N70° to N150° trending ductile normal shear zones, resulted from a nearly N-S extension and (3) the age of this extensional event is comprised between 22 and 20 Ma. Available paleomagnetic data allow a restoration of the initial orientation of extension, which was nearly E-W contemporary with the Alboran Basin opening in back-arc context, during the Early Miocene. At the onset of the extension, the peridotites were somehow lying upon a partially melted continental crust, and exhumed during this event by the Aaraben Normal Shear Zone. Afterward, the Alboran Domain suffered several compressional events.


The invention discloses a compact-type road surface unhairing machine, comprising a frame and a wheel, wherein a roller I and a roller II are rotationally connected on a chassis of the frame along the width direction of the frame, the roller I is provided with a plurality of slender rods I along the length direction, the plurality of slender rods are radially arranged along the roller I, the roller II is provided with a plurality of slender rods II along the length direction, the plurality of slender rods are radially arranged along the roller II, the external ends of the slender rods I and the slender rods II are all provided with compact balls for roughening the road surface, the frame is provided with a driving device for driving the roller I and the roller II to rotate and a transmission gear for transmitting power output by the driving device to the roller I and the roller II. The compact-type road surface unhairing machine is high in work efficiency, high in road surface roughening quality, and simple in structure, thus being convenient to popularize and use.


Thank you for inviting me to give this address to the FICCI-IBA Annual Global Banking Conference. Perhaps the most important issue on the minds of bankers, given the results season, is the Asset Quality Review initiated in early 2015-16. It has improved recognition of NPAs and provisioning in banks enormously, and many of you have fully imbibed the spirit of the review. Some banks have taken significant steps in recognizing incipient stress early.


The proposed algorithm to be explained in this paper is the localization technique using directional antenna. Here, it is assumed that anchor node has the ability to transfer the azimuth of each sector using GPS modules, sector antenna, and the digital compass. In the conventional sensor network, the majority of localization algorithms were capable of estimating the position information of the sensor node by knowing at least 3 position values of anchor nodes. However, this paper has proposed localization algorithm that estimates the position of nodes to continuously move with sensor nodes and traveling nodes. The proposed localization mechanisms have been simulated in the Matlab. The simulation results show that our scheme performed better than other mechanisms (e.g. MCL, DV-distance). ▸Keyword : Localization, Sensor network, Antenna, Ubiquitous, Anchor ∙제1저자 : 홍성화 ∙투고일 : 2009. 10. 15, 심사일 : 2009. 11. 11, 게재확정일 : 2010. 01. 26. *동양공업전문대학 전산학부 소프트웨어공학과 112 韓國컴퓨터情報學會 論文誌(2010. 1.)


Graft copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm) onto poiy (ethylene terephthalate) using a XeC1 excimer laser was performed to improve surface hydrophilicity. Laser irradiation and graft polymerization were conducted simultaneously. The samples treated were characterized by contact angle measurements, XPS analysis, and microscopic observation. The surface hydrophilicity was improved significantly after AAm was grafted onto the film. The factors influencing the graft reaction were studied to understand the mechanism of laser-induced graft polymerization, deducing that a peroxide-initiated radical polymerization occurs during laser-induced graft polymerization. The N/C ratio of the surface changed from nil for untreated sample and irradiated but non-grafted sample to 0. 11 for grafted sample. The O/C ratio increased gradually in the order of untreated, irradiated but non-grafted and grafted under the chosen treatment condition. Carbon particles formed on the grafted surface as higher laser fluence was employed were observed.


In order to improve the heat transfer coefficient evaluation by the pulsed photothermal method we present here a comparison of two models. The first one is based on constant heat transfer coefficient during the pulsed experience, and the second overcomes this assumption by considering that it is non-constant in space and in time. Limits of validity of these models are discussed by comparing their results with those obtained by a performed dissipative fluxmeter plate. The use of infrared thermography for the measurements of temperature and two halogen lamps for giving the pulse makes this method non-destructive, and therefore able to be employed in-situ for heat transfer coefficient measurement in real situations. We describe here the experimental set-up, which allowed simultaneously measurements of heat transfer coefficients on a flat plate by the means of pulsed method and also by three fluxmeters. Performing fluxmeters on the same plate gives the advantage to measure the heat transfer coefficient by several methods in the same conditions. Detailed of the performed fluxmeter plate is presented and the difficulties encountered for the realization of such measurements are pointed out. Radiative and convective heat transfer coefficients are dissociated from the obtained total heat coefficient. It had been shown that radiative heat coefficient remains constant in time. However, the convective heat transfer coefficient is highly influenced by the air flow, the model of identification, and the duration of the energy pulse.


Ca-modified PbTiO 3 thin films have been prepared from sol-gel solutions where three different photo-initiators were incorporated. Thermal decomposition of these solutions was studied by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), and UV spectrophotometry. Films deposited from these solutions were crystallised by UV-assisted Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP). Crystalline phases developed in the films were monitored by Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD). The Ca-modified PbTiO 3 perovskite was detected in the films at temperatures >400°C. Appropriate ferroelectric and pyroelectric properties were measured in the films obtained at 550°C.


The technique of measuring the duty cycle of a digital signal of known repetition rate is disclosed. It makes use of the fact that the probability of the digital signal being at the high level is related to its duty cycle when the signal is sampled at a frequency incoherent with the repetition rate. The apparatus in one embodiment includes a random sampler for sampling the digital signal under measurement, and digital counters which count the total number of samples and the number of samples whose values are at one of the two digital levels.


This paper discusses the design and manufacture of highway guardrail of W-shape with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite material and its testing. As a first approximation, laminate theory was used for the layup decision of the initial batch, and then the design was refined through a series of trial runs before the target 482 MPa (70,000 psi) tensile strength was achieved. The manufacturing process was done by the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process. The test results showed that while the FRP W-beam tensile strength was of the same order of magnitude as that of steel, the flexural stiffness was approximately one-third that of the standard AASHTO steel Wbeam guardrail. Also, under flexure, even a fractured FRP W-beam bounces back to a linear shape after the load is removed, which suggests that, perhaps, in highway installations, post-damage replacement could be delayed longer than for the steel W-beams. The study showed that it is feasible to manufacture W-beam profile guardrails of different thickness to obtain the desired strength, stiffness, and impact characteristics.


A physical simulation test installation of heave compensation system is built up to validate the feasibility of hardware-in-the-loop simulation. The installation is composed of mining ship motion simulator and heave compensation system. A Stewart six-dof platform is selected to simulate the mining ship motion. The platform is able to perform smoothly under the predetermined attitude path and can meet the requirements of the mining ship motions. The heave compensation system includes a heave compensated platform which is to compensate heave motion and a gimbaled platform which is to accommodate pitch and roll. The compensation system can eliminate the heave motion almost completely (nearly 100%) under laboratory conditions.


Our food environment is becoming increasingly dominated by ultra-processed foods and big industry players often escape accountability through self-regulation and vague commitments.

 Applying the 'Business Impact Assessment' (BIA-Obesity), as proposed by INFORMAS, the commitments and performance of the biggest companies among packaged food and non-alcoholic beverage manufacturers, quick-service restaurants and supermarkets were assessed at a European level and in Belgium as a case study. The tool consists of six different domains comprising the corporate nutrition strategy, food formulation, labelling, marketing, accessibility of (un)healthy products and relationships with other organisations.

 Preliminary results for Belgian companies based on publicly available information show a median score of < 30% and a maximum score of < 60% for comprehensiveness, specificity and transparency of commitments. Hardly any commitments are in place to increase accessibility to healthier products. Even though several commitments are made regarding advertisement towards children below 12 years, on average 36% of sales is for products not-permitted to be marketed to children (WHO) and 71% for products that are ultra-processed (NOVA). Throughout Europe, companies selling ultra-processed foods on average generate 85% (77%-90%) of their sales from ultra-processed foods of which 50% (35%-74%) is not-permitted to be marketed to children.

 Even though many commitments are made, they are not sufficiently specific or comprehensive and do not link well with performance. To reach the goals set out by the Sustainable Development goals and to improve the food environment it is crucial to ensure that commitments don't get lost in translation, but are strengthened and transformed into results.

 Food industry players make several nutrition and health related commitments, but these don't always translate into performance. The BIA-tool clearly distinguishes between the comprehensiveness, specificity and transparency of nutrition related commitments made by the food industry.


Abstract : The report consists of three parts. The first part presents a new method of determination of the change of random wave energy as the waves propagate from offshore towards the shore. The second part presents a new random wave model taking into account the varying water depth in shallow water. The third part presents a method of calculating the two dimensional random wave field near shore in terms of directional spectrum, taking into account the wavecurrent interactions. (Author)


Objective To examine expression of death receptors and ligands during cervical carcinogenesis. Methods The Fas, FasL and DR4, DR5, TRAIL were assessed in 45 normal cervices, 52 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) gradeⅢ and 51 cervical cancers by immunohistochemical method. The number of apoptotic cells was determined by morphological criteria and the number of proliferating cells by counting Ki-67-positive cells. Results Proliferation and apoptosis percentage was markedly increased with increasing severity of neoplasia. In normal cervix samples, FasL, DR4, DR5 and TRAIL staining was mainly observed in the basal/parabasal layer, but Fas staining was localized in the superficial, especially in poorly differentiated epithelial layer. Fas-positive staining was decreased with increasing severity of CIN. In contrast, homogeneous FasL, DR4, DR5 .and TRAIL expression throughout the lesions was more frequently observed in CIN ill and cervical cancers. Conclusion The loss of Fas and the down-regulation of FasL, DR4, DR5, and TRAIL in the CIN-cervical cancer sequence suggest a possible role of these death ligands and receptors during cervical carcinogenesis.


Acknowledgments Introduction Civil Society and Democratic Transition Civil Society and Democratic Consolidation: Building a Culture of Democracy in a New South Africa by Larry Diamond The "New" Civil Society and Democratic Transitions in Africa by Edward R. MacMahon Lessons to Be Learned from the Angolan Elections: 38 Reliable Guides or Misleading Judgments by William Minter The Politics of Economic Reforms Labor, Structural Adjustment, and Democracy in Sierra Leone and Ghana by Alfred B. Zack-Williams Privatization in a Transitional Society: A Kenyan Case Study by Rukhsana A. Siddiqui "The End of History or the Beginning of the End?": Prospects for Botswana in the Twenty-First Century by Larry A. Swatuck The Problems of Development Management Nongovernmental Organizations and Government-Organized Nongovernmental Organizations: Opportunities for Development Management in Africa in the Twenty-First Century by Peter Koehn and Olatunde Ojo "Managing" Development in Subsaharan Africa in the 1990s: States, Markets, and Civil Societies in Alternative Paradigms by Sandra Maclean Women and Empowerment in Africa in the 1990s Toward Equality for All?: International Human Rights for African Women by Lynn Berat Barriers and Opportunities: The Role of Organizations in Nigerian Women's Quest for Empowerment by Mary J. Osirim Toward the Sustainable Development of African Ecology and Environment Africa's Environmental Challenges: Deforestation and Development by Moses K. Tesi The Issues of Development and Environment in Africa: An Overview by E. Ike Udogu Bibliography Index About the Contributors


At present, neurophysiological signals used for neuro feedback are EEG (Electroencephalogram), functional magnetic resonance imaging. Among them, the acquisition of EEG signals has the advantages of non-invasive way with low cost. It has been widely used in brain-machine interface technology
 in recent years. Important progress has been made in rehabilitation and environmental control. However, neural feedback and brainmachine interface technology are completely similar in signal acquisition, signal feature extraction, and pattern classification. Therefore, the related research
 results of brain-machine interface can be used to closely cooperate with clinical needs to research and develop neural feedback technology based on EEG. Based on neurophysiology and brain-machine interface technology, this paper develops a neural feedback training system based on the acquisition
 and analysis of human EEG signals. Aiming at the autonomous rhythm components in the EEG signal, such as sensorimotor rhythm and alpha rhythm, the characteristic parameters are extracted through real-time EEG signal processing to generate feedback information, and the subject is self-regulated
 and trained from a physiological-psychological perspective by providing adjuvant treatment, a practical and stable treatment platform for the clinic.


More rigour is required for Level 3 qualifications in order to equip a new generation of highly skilled Early Years Educators. But, asks Karen Faux, can the title live up to its ambition?


Observing the students' development of the laws of socionics shows that there is an objective hierarchy of socionic knowledge levels — from lower ones related to elementary typology, middle, relevant to A-Model and the system approach, up to higher ones, relevant to psycho-informational space structure.


ON SATURDAY, JANUARY 1, 1898, the first issue of Ringeren, a weekly magazine about contemporary politics, culture, and criticism appeared in Kristiania. The magazine's name was chosen, according to its founder and editor, Sigurd Ibsen, the son of playwright Henrik Ibsen, "because the weekly's purpose was to wake up and admonish, to toll the bell for all contemporary questions, both at home and abroad, which call for our common attention."(1) Any relevant social question would be considered for publication, according to Ibsen, but Ringeren also included a wide range of essays on European and American literature.(2) As the son of Henrik Ibsen, Sigurd believed social and political ideas were essential elements of literature. Their inclusion, therefore, appears to have been a natural extension of this Ibsen world view. In addition to its specific content, Ibsen recognized the magazine would have broader appeal with contributions from well known and respected writers in Norway. Having established contacts with the literary and intellectual elite, partly through his father, but also through his own work, Ibsen contacted more than forty persons including Bjornstjerne Bjornson, Knut Hamsun, Fridtjof Nansen, Ernst Sars, and Arne Garborg, among others, to invite them to contribute to the publication. When a trial issue was published on November 27, 1897, Ibsen's original list of forty-two names had grown to sixty-six.(3) If subscribers could be enticed by the formidable array of talent, Ringeren might not only be a significant financial success, but an influential organ in the political debate which Ibsen himself had been leading against the Union with Sweden. With the profile Ibsen gave it and the essays he contributed to it, Ringeren, in fact, would represent a decisive moment in the Norwegian debate over the dissolution of the union with Sweden, a union which Norwegians had come to doubt if not outrightly resent. But more than a political publication, Ibsen envisioned Ringeren contributing to the cultural enlightenment of Norwegians as well. As promising as its initial issues were, however, Ringeren survived only two years. In meteoric fashion, it glowed brightly but only briefly. Its most important months were during 1898 when Ibsen served as the editor. Carl Naerup, a prolific literary critic and friend of Ibsen, kept it alive through 1899, but he was unable to provide the lively political resonance it possessed under Ibsen himself. Although no readers' poll is available for Ringeren, many reasons led to its demise. How could this magazine, which Norwegian historian Wilhelm Kielhau once wrote, "had reached a level which no Norwegian weekly has achieved before or since" become so quickly irrelevant?(4) What kind of publication was Ringeren, and what role did Ibsen play in its initial success and ultimate failure? In many ways, Ringeren, cannot be separated from its founder. Sigurd Ibsen conceived it, he nourished it by giving it a distinct profile, and it died when he abandoned it. Sigurd Ibsen was born in Christiania in 1859 and named after the hero in his father's most recent play, Hormondene pa Helgeland [The Vikings of Helgeland]. Removed from Norway when his father left the country in 1864, Sigurd grew up and was educated on the continent, completing gymnasium in Munich and taking a doctorate in law in Rome in 1882 before his twenty-third birthday. Although frequent trips to Norway with his mother gave him an understanding and an appreciation for the land of his birth, his father's oftstated hostility and bitterness toward Norway in addition to his own subsequent disappointments led him in 1883 to consider entering the Italian foreign service. Only the intervention of his father to secure him a stipend combined with the positive impression he made on the new prime minister, Johan Sverdrup, in 1884 led to his appointment to the Consulate Office of the Department of the Interior. In March, 1885, he was given an attache position with the Swedish-Norwegian foreign service. …


OBJECTIVES
To find the views and attitudes of primary care professionals to the setting-up of a palliative treatments programme.

DESIGN
A qualitative research study with discussion groups.

SETTING
Primary care.

PARTICIPANTS
60 primary care professionals, 30 doctors and 30 nurses, selected at random and placed in 6 discussion groups.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Collection and analysis of the views expressed in the discussion groups. The professionals saw as problems: poor communication between levels of care, inadequate organisation and communication within the primary care teams and difficulties in obtaining opiates at pharmacy offices. Lack of training was not seen as a problem. The care organisation models suggested varied from those based on the first care level to those exclusively dependent on specialist units.

CONCLUSIONS
The proper development of palliative treatment is subject to various problems identified by the professionals. These have to be tackled before the programmes are set up.


The invention relates to a method of fabricating a paste bump for a printed circuit board, comprising the following steps of: a) preparing a substrate; b) printing conductive paste onto the substrate for being dried, so as to form a first paste bump; c) planarizing upper surface of the first paste bump by stamping; and d) printing the conductive paste onto the first paste bump for being dried, so as to form a second paste bump. Therefore, the method is able to reduce printing times in order to lower cost and shorten processing time in the process of forming the paste bumps on the printed circuit board.


Objective: To determine the role of modified biophysical profile in predicting fetal outcomes in women with high risk pregnancy. Materials and Methods: One hundred and ten women with high risk pregnancy, gestation age >32 weeks attending antenatal outpatient clinic were included. Patients detailed demographic were recorded after informed consent. All the patients were examined by modified biophysical profile (combine non-stress test and amniotic fluid index). Fetal outcomes such as meconium stained liquor, Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes, admission to NICU and neonatal mortality were examined. Results: The mean age of pregnant women was 25.32±5.25 years and mean gestational age was 36.02±0.85 weeks. Non-stress test and amniotic fluid index was normal in 70 (63.64%) patients and was abnormal in 13 (11.82%) women. Normal non-stress test and abnormal amniotic fluid index was 10 (9.10%) in women while abnormal non-stress test and normal amniotic fluid index was 17 (15.45%) in women. Meconium stained liquor found in 29 (26.36%), Apgar score <7 found in 22 (20%), neonatal intensive care admission in 35 (31.82%) and neonatal mortality found in 7 (6.36%). There was a significant association observed regarding amniotic fluid index, non-stress test and abnormal biophysical profile with meconium stained liquor, Apgar score <7, neonatal intensive care admission and neonatal mortality with p-value <0.05. Conclusion: Modified biophysical profile is effective and useful tool in predicting adverse fetal outcomes


Aimed at studying the mechanical behaviour of rock mass and considering the presence of the discontinuity network in the intact rock, this research concentrates on how the rock can be represented in suitable geometrical models, on the basis of site measurements, and then appropriately analysed using computer tools developed for the study of granular media. The first chapter deals with a bibliographical study on fractured rock and tunnel engineering. Different computational methods of rock mechanics are introduced. Simultaneously, three principal approaches for tunnel structural design are recalled. These studies lead to the proposition of a methodology from the in situ investigation to in-door modelling and mechanical analysis, presented in the second chapters. The rock mass is first geometrically represented through the distribution of discontinuities in the rock mass and the use of the RESOBLOK code based on the Discrete Fracture Network method. Mechanical models of rock mass are then presented from the data of historical studies on the rock mass and from laboratory and in situ measurements. The 3D computational models are analysed using the LMGC90 based on the Non Smooth Contact Dynamics method. The first two applications of the methodology are introduced: the generation of the numerical rock for the simulation of the triaxial compression test, and the simulation of multi-phase excavation of rock tunnel. The proposed methodology has been applied on the white marble of Saint Beat (Haute Garonne, France) and the initial results are given in the third chapter. The mechanical responses of the numerical rock mass are analysed and the bulk behaviour of the rock is evaluated.


Long-context question answering (QA) tasks require reasoning over a long document or multiple documents. Addressing these tasks often benefits from identifying a set of evidence spans (e.g., sentences), which provide supporting evidence for answering the question.In this work, we propose a novel method for equipping long-context QA models with an additional sequence-level objective for better identification of the supporting evidence.We achieve this via an additional contrastive supervision signal in finetuning, where the model is encouraged to explicitly discriminate supporting evidence sentences from negative ones by maximizing question-evidence similarity. The proposed additional loss exhibits consistent improvements on three different strong long-context transformer models, across two challenging question answering benchmarks – HotpotQA and QAsper.


Rong's enterprise bloc, the giant among the modern Chinese enterprises, forged a series of unique system and philosophy of enterprise culture in managing actions by way of constant exploring and trying. Strong senses of humanism, harmony, innovation and social responsibility reflected their fundament characteristics. These enterprise spirits were the advanced in that time, and just now still important and valuable.


Human societies and ecosystems use water in different ways and at different scales, which complicates the study of water-use sustainability in socioecological systems. We present a multiscale integrated assessment of societal and ecosystem metabolism, an innovative approach to the quantitative analysis of water use that addresses the problem of multiple scales. It builds on the concept of metabolic pattern and the flow-fund model of Georgescu-Roegen. We show how to define water resources and water use (expressed in hourly rates) for socioeconomic systems in relation to the identities of relevant fund elements (relevant categories of human activity or land use) over a time span of 1 year. Similarly, we define the limits on the human appropriation of water (aggregate withdrawal or damping per year) on the basis of the structural and functional stability of ecological funds (defined over a much longer time scale) and the related land-use pattern.


Acknowledgements List of contributors Introduction PART I: Okakura Tenshin: Crafting an ideal 1 Okakura Tenshin and the ideal of Pan-Asianism 2 Japanese cultural identity and nineteenth-century Asian nationalism: Okakura Tenshin and Swami Vivekananda 3 Okakura Tenshin: Writing a good history upon a modern plan PART II: Asian Pan-Asians 4 A transnational history of Japanese nationalism: Pan-Asianism and Islam 1900-45 5 Asianism, nationalism and culturalism in early twentieth-century China PART III: Art and Asia: Varieties of engagements 6 Landscapes of Nandalal Bose (1882-1966): Japanism, nationalism and populism in modern India 7 Voluntary blindness 8 Representing women: Problematizing an Asian identity PART IV: Ways of defining Asia 9 National bias in identity construction: Examples of academic groupings in East Asia 10 Asia is one: Visions of Asian community in twenty-first century Japan Index


We use optical coherence tomography (OCT) with a specially designed probe to structurally image the tissue within the oral cavity. We have imaged different types of healthy oral mucosa, including masticatory mucosa in gingiva and lining mucosa in buccal mucosa. OCT can be used to differentiate between the various types of keratinized and nonkeratinized mucosa with high resolution.


The Function of the Lipoxygenase ZmLOX10 in Maize Interactions with Insects and Pathogens. (December 2009) Shawn A. Christensen, B.S., Brigham Young University; M.S., Brigham Young University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Michael Kolomiets Lipoxygenase (LOX)-derived oxylipins are known to play critical roles in defense against herbivores and pathogens. The objective of this study was to determine the biochemical, molecular and physiological roles of a specific maize lipoxygenase gene, ZmLOX10, with special emphasis on LOX10-derived oxylipins in plant-insect and plant-pathogen interactions. To achieve this goal, independent mutant alleles were generated and genetically advanced to create near-isogenic mutant and wild-type lines suitable for functional analysis. Here we provide genetic evidence that LOX10 is the sole LOX isoform in maize required for the biosynthesis of green leafy volatiles (GLV) in leaves and show that LOX10mediated GLVs play a significant role in direct and indirect defense responses to insects through their regulation of jasmonic acid and volatile organic compound production. Contrary to the defensive role of LOX10 in plant-insect interactions, tests for susceptibility to fungal pathogens suggest that LOX10-mediated GLVs may contribute to the development of disease symptoms to the economically


For a number of years, the Development of coastal lagoons has included extensive fish-farming operations based on the restocking of large aquatic zones with the larvae of fish species of economic importance. Producing large quantifies of these larvae requires perfect control of feeding during the initial weeks of free life. Food suited to uptake abilities of the larvae during the various developmental phases must therefore be found. Similarly, accurate knowledge of gut organogenesis is required in order to go beyond empirical trials. In such a context, studying the Development of the exocrine pancreas is of major interest due to the number of enzymes it produces. This has been studied in the Sea Bream by light- and electron-microscopical observation of larvae fed with Rotifera enriched with fatty acids and amino acids. Three main phases were observed in organogenesis : - appearance of the pancreatic primordium and its migration, - differentiation of exocrine cells and organization of excretory-ducts, - growth of the organ. The pancreatic bud developed from stratification of the dorsal wall of the gut. Twenty-four hours after hatching, morphogenetic movements gave rise to a lateral mass to the right of the gut. Exocrine cells began to differentiate in this mass and to organize as tubules. The first zymogen granules were synthesized on the second day after hatching. While the pancreas increased in thickness and spread in a ventral direction, the exocrine cells accumulated zymogen granules of variable density ; these were numerous at the end of the prelarval period. The latter was also characterised by the formation of excretory system. Centro-tubular cells appeared in the lumen of glands and formed pancreatic canaliculi with the exocrine cells, At the beginning of the larval phase, the pancreatic duct opened into the gut and excretion became effective, as was shown by a distinct decrease in the number of zymogen granules. In the larval and juvenile phases, the pancreas grows mainly in the mesentery. In adults it becomes a diffuse organ whose cells are organized as tubules. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is particularly well-developed in the cells ; activity of the Golgi apparatus appeared to be weak during the endo-exotrophic larval period but subsequently became more intense with zymogen granule synthesis becoming comparable to that of adults. The weak secretory activity during the endo-exotrophic phase and change in zymogen granule synthesis during this period are discussed and compared with similar phenomena observed in the Sea Bass.


Introduction: Depression is a significant, growing and prevalent issue, one of the chronic disorders and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Aim: The present study aimed to develop a psychological intervention protocol based on systemic theory in depressed individuals. Method: The research method was qualitative content analysis, and the statistical population included various data sources related to the present concepts and therapies in the field of systemic theory, such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct and …, within 1998 to 2020. The extracted data from these sources were analyzed; an individual systemic psychotherapy protocol was developed based on the obtained results. Then, the content validity of the protocol was determined using the opinions of eight experts in the field of clinical psychology. Sampling in this study was purposeful. The research tool included the written evidence and documents searched in the aforementioned databases, and the data analysis method was Sterling's content analysis. Results: Therapeutic communication, questions, statements, guidelines, problem identification, problem sequence, types of constraints, and decision matrix, including planning frameworks at different levels, feedback, and feedforward, formed the primary themes of the individual systemic psychotherapy. The content of psychotherapy protocol sessions was adjusted based on the obtained components in 12 weekly sessions. Conclusion: The individual systemic psychotherapy protocol is a comprehensive psychological treatment that includes multiple factors affecting the individual's system and is valid and efficient. It is recommended to use this protocol for individuals with depression.


In the scientific literature, there is practically no analysis of the effect of corrosion damage on the operation of compressed reinforced concrete elements, especially on the stress-strain state of such structures under dynamic loading. For experimental studies, 37 reinforced concrete samples were made – columns of square cross-section with dimensions of 100×100mm, height of 700mm, extensions of 100×200mm were made in the supporting parts to create off-center compression. In the manufactured samples of reinforced concrete, local corrosion damage of concrete and reinforcement was created for accelerated corrosion of elements, a concentrated solution (37%) of hydrochloric acid (HCl) was used as an aggressor. The article describes experimental studies of non-centrally compressed reinforced concrete elements damaged by corrosion under dynamic loading. According to the load cell readings, it was recorded that corrosion damage leads to a decrease in the height of the compressed concrete zone, due to a decrease in the cross-section of the stretched reinforcement, as well as the lack of joint reinforcement with concrete. The obtained deformation diagrams of transverse, non-centrally compressed, corroded and undamaged samples based on glued strain gages on concrete and stretched reinforcement showed that these deformation diagrams fundamentally differ in shape. The deformations of reinforcement and concrete obtained as a result of a full-scale study made it possible to assess the stress-strain state of damaged and uncorroded structures according to the parameter Ne-1/r (curvature). The effect of corrosion damage on the nature of destruction of non-centrally compressed elements has been established.


Method of detecting a leak in a fuel system comprising a fuel tank and an orifice with a controlled section between the tank and the atmosphere, according to which a) the controlled section is set to a value A1 at a time T1 and a pressure differential p1 between the inside of the tank and the atmosphere is measured at least after an interval of time from T1, for a constant fuel flow out of the tank; b) the controlled section is set to a value A2 at a time T2 and a pressure differential p2 between the inside of the tank and the atmosphere is measured at least after the same interval of time T from T2, for the same constant fuel flow; c) a ratio of the pressure differentials p1 and p2 is computed and is compared to a reference pressure differential ratio pL obtained with the same fuel system but comprising a calibrated leak.


This paper presents a fuzzy simulated intelligent controller(FSIC),which inosculating fuzzy logic with human simulate intelligent control and a fuzzy-switch is introduced.The structure and control strategy of the fuzzy simulated intelligent controller is given.Based on analyzing motion specific property of the double inverted pendulum system,in the light of the double inverted pendulum,model of fuzzy simulated intelligent control system is established and simulating experiment is done under the circumstance of MATLAB.


Objective To investigate the causes,mechanism,prognosis,and managements of hypernatremia after severe head injury.Methods Clinical data and prognosis were analyzed on 76 patients with hypernatremia after severe head injury.Some statistical processes were performed.Results Hypernatremia occurred in 38 cases.All were closely related to the GCS score.The mortality rate of the patients with hypernatremia after severe head injury increased singificantly.Conclusion The occurrence of hypernatremia is mainly related to hypothalamus injury and water-electrolyte imbalance induced by iatrogenic dehydration.Monitoring the blood sodium concentration closely,adjusting the water electrolyte balance timely and treating the primary disease actively are key points to preventing and treating the hypernatremia after severe head injury.


The major theoretical challenge for the sociology of language consists of the extent that it contributes to and, indeed, benefits from the sciences of society, on the one hand, and the sciences of language, on the other. Considering that the total enterprise only came into being in the early 70s (taking The SSRC's Summer Institute on Sociolinguistics at Indiana University, 1964, as a reasonable date of departure) some progress toward meeting this challenge is undeniable. Such progress is particularly great at the micro-level where variation theory, discourse analysis, speech act theory, pragmatics, and ethnomethodological concerns and sensitivities have pretty much become modern day orthodoxies that often neither recognize nor remember their sociolinguistic co-origins. Nevertheless, precisely here, where the links to linguistics are strongest, there is hardly any link to sociology or to sociocultural theory more generally (none at all, indeed, except for the ethnomethodological corner thereof). If we look for linkages between macro-sociolinguistic efforts and the parent disciplines, the situation is even less heartening, because not only are such links exceedingly few and far between, but nothing approaching schools of thought or elaborated points of view are discernible. That being the case the likelihood of productive theoretical linkages between micro- and macro-sociolinguistic endeavors is rather remote for the forseeable future.


ABSTRACT A spectrochemical method has been developed for the quantitative determination of metallic silver in silver nitrate and silver chloride or bromide matrices exposed to light. The method is based on the oxidation of silver(0) by iron(III) at pH 3.5 in the presence of ferrozine. The resulting absorbance of the iron ferrozine complex is measured at 562 nm. Less than 0.1 mg of metallic silver can be determined with a relative standard deviation better than 6%.


We propose a new post-processing algorithm for reducing coding artifacts in compressed image and video sequences. The algorithm is based on an anisotropic diffusion process using a histogram driven diffusion coefficient. The new method can adaptively adjust the diffusion degree according to the gradient distribution for different images to improve the visual quality. Experiments on JPEG compressed images and MPEG-4 compressed videos show that the proposed method can achieve consistent improvement in terms of subjective and objective quality measures.


Many researchers have discussed the advantages of the pressure breakage mechanism and the importance of high-pressure grinding rolls (HPGR) in the hard minerals industry but the impact of this machine on the final product of the comminution circuit at an industrial scale has been less studied. In this research, the influence of HPGR utilisation on the comminution circuit of the 4th line of the iron ore concentrator at the Golgohar Mining and Industrial Complex, Iran, was investigated. Two series of experiments were carried out: the first was performed with the HPGR in the circuit (ON) while the other was conducted with the HPGR out of the circuit (OFF). The results show that the HPGR had no significant effect on the final product of the comminution circuit from the point of view of particle size. The trommel screen overflow rate decreased by 5.1% of the fresh feed rate when the HPGR was ON. To determine the probable reasons, X-ray computed tomography analyses were carried out. These showed that cracks in the particles entering the grinding circuit were caused not only by the HPGR since some small cracks were present in the HPGR feed. It was also found that coarse particles are more susceptible to failure in the HPGR and that soft materials, such as talc, reduce the HPGR performance. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The objective of this paper is to analyse some of the most relevant relationships among macroeconomic variables and the agricultural sector in Tunisia. Three alternative models are specified and estimated: a VAR in levels, an unrestricted Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), and a Restricted VECM in which long-run relationships among the relevant variables are identified. In all models short-run dynamics are analysed through the use of Generalised Impulse Response Functions. Results indicate that alternative model specifications generate different short-run dynamics. Long-run identification seems to be a necessary condition for obtaining consistent economic results.


The regulation of body water during hypotonic expansion (0.6% NaCl; 0.32 ml/kg/min i.v.) of the extracellular space was investigated in 16 male rabbits with different creatinine clearances due to vari


The present invention provides an apparatus and method that, unlike the prediction method according to the degree of change of the downlink channel in predicting the channel for the UL pre equalization in a mobile communication system of OFDM / TDD system. The present invention to accomplish this is set channel estimation method corresponding to N (natural number) the Doppler frequency range and the N doppler frequency ranges respectively according to the degree downlink channel change, and measuring the Doppler frequency from the signal received via the downlink channel after, determine the Doppler frequency range, in which contains the Doppler frequency measurements of the N Doppler frequency range, selecting the corresponding is the set channel estimation method in the identified Doppler frequency and then, the uplink channel using the selected channel prediction method perform a pre-equalization. Through this, according to each of the terminal moving speed or the channel environment can be pre-upset, etc. suitable for the different channels. OFDM, pre-equalization, channel estimation, channel estimation, uplink


In this paper we analyze a single server two queue model with Bernoulli schedules This discipline is very exible and contains the exhaustive and limited disciplines as special cases We formulate the queueing system as a Riemann boundary value problem with shift The boundary value problem is solved by exploring a Fredholm integral equation around the unit circle Some numerical examples are presented at the end of the paper


Ongoing concerns about a perceived disconnection between management education and management practice and the limited skill base of business school graduates are evident in the literature. These problems have been looked at through various lenses, and the professional model of education has shown promise in addressing perceived problems with business schools and their graduates. Using concepts from the sociology of the professions including jurisdiction, professional identity, and the nature of professional work, this article explores recent criticisms of management education and addresses the stages and issues involved in migrating to a model of education that mirrors that used in the professions.


Al-, Ti-, and Zr-containing silica-based pillars of which Si 4+ is isomorphously substituted by each ion have been formed between the silicate layers of H-ilerite by intercalation of octylamine and mixed alkoxides. The resultant silica-based pillared materials have a BET surface area of about 800 m 2 /g at 600 °C and have the gallery heights of 2-3 nm and micropores of > 2 nm in size between the silicate layers. The increase in the amount of metal introduced into the silica-based pillars was accompanied by a change in the pillar configuration, which led to the formation of the microporous products with uniform pore diameters of ∼0.90 nm and the irregular gallery height. The 29 Si MAS NMR, 27 Al MAS NMR, and UV-vis spectra revealed the incorporation of Al, Ti, and Zr atoms as isolated elemental sites into the silicate pillar framework.


Based on the results of an analytical assessment, the Atlantic cod stock off Greenland collapsed already in the late 60s and, since then, reached rarely the 10 % level of its size in 1955. Applying the concept of a self-sustaining stock, the drastic harvesting strategy of the past four decades must be considered inadequate. The stock collapse was therefore found consistent with annual exploitation rates being not adjusted to conservative management options and exceeding the productivity of the stock by far. The results of a multiplicative model explained the following recruitment failure based on significant effects of spawning stock size as well as temperature. Certainly, cold periods have negatively affected the recruitment process and consequently contributed to the stock collapse. However, such ecological effects should not be itemized causal but must be taken into account regarding appropriate stock management. Till today, the spawning stock remained severely depleted causing a low probability of a successful recruitment and a substantial stock recovery.


Abstract
The field of special education in Thailand is still in its infancy. This chapter provides a retrospect on special education in Thailand reflecting societal attitudes toward people with disabilities from the past to present. It also provides a list of factors impacting this population and members of the community who are involved with their lives. Special education law, definitions of various disability categories, types of educational settings, as well as issues and challenges in the field are discussed. A critical analysis of special education teacher preparation is also provided. Finally, recommendations and conclusions are offered.


This paper presents the main issues related to the financing of urban logistics solutions , m ore precise ly to the contribution of economic analysis on strategic decision support related for urban logistics financing , focusing on cost benefit analysis. First we present the main funding strategies in urban economics, mainly in the field of urban logistics . Second we address the contribution of cost benefit analysis by recalling the main methodology and adapting it to urban logistics. Third we apply the method to the example of deploying a delivery spac e booking network, and illustrate the application via a set of three examples containing different situations and scenarios, which are presented , assessed and discussed . From the different simulations, it is observed that the way the system is financed has strong impacts on both its individual cost (for potential users) and its attractiveness.


A voiceless alveolar plosive /t/ is pronounced with many variations. In English, it is perceived to have an aspiration when it is in the initial segment of a word in a stressed syllable while Sundanese and Indonesian do not aspirate it. The study focuses on finding out Voice Onset Time (VOT) or duration of /t/ in Sundanese, Indonesian, and English produced by Sundanese speakers. The method used is quantitative and qualitative (mix method). The data are obtained from the voice recording of eighteen undergraduate students. They are all native Sundanese speakers who are learning English at IKIP Siliwangi Cimahi. The voice recordings are analyzed and measured by acoustic analysis by using PRAAT software. The result shows the average VOT or duration of /t/ in the initial segment of the word in Sundanese and Indonesian is identical, namely 20 ms. It indicates that they do not aspirate /t/ in Sundanese and Indonesian. Additionally, they transfer the way they produce /t/ in their two languages into English as their foreign language. It can be seen from the average VOT or duration of /t/ in the initial segment of the word in English that lasts 29 ms. This finding can be a reference to other researchers who want to know the necessary duration of /t/ in Sundanese and Indonesian produced by Sundanese speakers.


: Transplantation of kidneys with anatomical variations like horseshoe kidneys is underused. Shortage of organs should make surgeons explore alternatives to using this type of allografts. A review of current literature, focused on the evaluation of these organs and surgical technique was performed. Our experience with two cases is presented, describing surgical technique and management of local complications. Results at long term follow-up are reported and compared with available series . Transplantation of horseshoe kidneys is technically feasible, with optimal results at follow-up. Evaluation of this kind of organs is necessary to increase the pool of kidneys available for transplantation. However, anatomic and surgical details should be considered and experienced transplantation teams must assume this type of surgery.


There is paucity of information on the antioxidant role of uric acid in the management of diabetic stress. This study seeks to elucidate the antioxidant usefulness of uric acid in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients visiting the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua and Ekpoma environs of Edo state, Nigeria. Serum uric acid concentration was estimated in one hundred (100) subjects comprising of sixty (60) type 2 diabetic patients (30 males and 30 females) and forty (40) non-diabetic subjects (20 males and 20 females) using the enzymatic method (uricase). The non-diabetic individuals were apparently healthy subjects and served as controls. The mean ± standard deviation of the serum uric acid concentration in type 2 diabetic individuals was 159 ± 21.55?mol/l while, in non-diabetic subjects, (controls) 295.7 ± 53.76?mol/l. The results established a statistical difference in the serum uric acid concentration in type 2 diabetic individuals and the non-diabetic subjects (p< 0.05).The work also revealed a decrease in serum uric acid concentration in type 2 diabetic patients due to oxidative stress that decreases the antioxidant capacity of the body involving uric acid


"I'm no good at math." These are words that we never want to hear from a female student at Venable School in Charlottesville. Virginia. This feeling of not being successful m math and science can start early. In spring 1997. the Venable School standardized test results for the third grade showed that female students scored. on a,·erage. 13 percentile points below the third-grade male students on the math subtest of the Stanford 9 Achievement Test.


In this work, a voltage tunable interdigital capacitor loaded with liquid crystal (LC) is investigated and its application for a composite right/left-handed leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is demonstrated. The tuning capability of the varactor is confirmed by simulation and measurement. A material tunability of 25% of the used LC yields a measured varactor tunability of 9%. Based on this, a tunable LWA with a beam scanning of 14 degrees at 26.7 GHz is implemented and measured.


Classical approaches to question calibration are either subjective or require newly created questions to be deployed before being calibrated. Recent works explored the possibility of estimating question difficulty from text, but did not experiment with the most recent NLP models, in particular Transformers. In this paper, we compare the performance of previous literature with Transformer models experimenting on a public and a private dataset. Our experimental results show that Transformers are capable of outperforming previously proposed models. Moreover, if an additional corpus of related documents is available, Transformers can leverage that information to further improve calibration accuracy. We characterize the dependence of the model performance on some properties of the questions, showing that it performs best on questions ending with a question mark and Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with one correct choice.


Abstract This paper aims at automatically generating dimensioned floorplans while considering constraints given by the users in the form of adjacency and connectivity graph. The obtained floorplans also satisfy boundary constraints where users will be asked to choose their preferred location based on cardinal and inter-cardinal directions. Further, spanning circulations are inserted within the generated floorplans. The larger aim of this research is to provide alternative architecturally feasible layouts to users which can be further refined by architects.


The impact of health message framing on cervical cancer screening uptake is poorly understood. In a prospective randomized control study with 748 females, aged 21–65 years with no Pap smear in the previous 3 years, they randomly received a loss-framed, gain-framed, or neutral health message (control) regarding cervical cancer screening by email. Screening rate in the control group was 9.58 percent (CI: 9.29%–9.87%), 5.71 percent (CI: 5.48%–6.98%) in the gain-framed group, and 8.53 percent (CI: 8.24%–8.81%) in the loss-framed group. Statistically there was no difference between the three screening rates. Framing of health messages may not be a significant consideration when communicating through emails.


The lifespan of erythrocytes in patients with renal anemia is shortened (∼70 days) compared to that of healthy erythrocytes (120 days), but the pathological mechanisms and causes are unclear. Senescent erythrocytes express phosphatidylserine (PS) on their outer membrane, which is a signal for being removed by macrophages. The PS localization in the cellular membrane is mainly regulated by two transporters: flippases and scramblases. Flippases, type Ⅳ P-type ATPases (P4-ATPases), maintain PS localization in the inner leaflet by transporting PS from the outer leaflet of the cell membrane. When scramblases are activated, they facilitate equal distribution of phospholipids between the inner and outer lipid bilayers, resulting in the exposure of PS on the outer leaflet. Recently, we have revealed that reduced flippase activity contributes to PS exposure in healthy senescent erythrocytes [1]. In this study, we examined the percentage of PS-exposed cells and the transporter activity in erythrocytes from renal anemia to elucidate the mechanism of the shortened lifespan.

 This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tokyo Women's Medical University (#3835, #4822R2). Erythrocytes from the renal anemic patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were separated with the centrifugation using Percoll-density gradient according to our previous report. Resultant heavy and light fractions were used as senescent and young erythrocytes, respectively. We analyzed the percentage of PS-exposed cells (n = 12), flippase/scramblase activities (n = 7), and the factors involved in those enzymatic activities such as intracellular K+ (n = 10) and ATP concentration (n = 9). We also measured protein 4.1a/b and HbA1c as an index of erythrocytes' age.

 The cells from renal anemia were separated to heavy (senescent) and light (young) fractions, which was similar to the distributions previously performed on healthy erythrocytes. The PS-exposed erythrocytes in the heavy fraction were slightly more than those of the light fraction (p < 0.01, Wilcoxon test), and the flippase activity of the heavy fraction decreased more than that of the light fraction (p < 0.01, paired t-test). Intracellular K+ concentration decreased in the heavy fraction more than in the light fraction similar to the healthy senescent erythrocytes, but there was no statistical difference in the intracellular ATP concentration between the heavy and light fractions. The measurement of protein 4.1a/b and HbA1c in these fractions is still in progress.

 Similar to healthy erythrocytes, reduced flippase activity contributes to PS exposure in senescent erythrocytes of renal anemia, maybe due to the decreased intracellular K+ concentration. This may occur in an earlier stage of senescence than the healthy ones, which may explain the mechanism of the shortened life span.


In degraded soils of tropical seasonal pastures, native remnant tree species that differ in foliar morphology, litter quality, and quantity might be quite useful as an organic input for improving soil fertility. The objective of this study was to analyze litter quality effects on soil microbial activity from two native remnant trees: Caesalpinia eriostachys Benth. (Caesalnaceae) and Cordia elaeagnoides DC (Boraginaceae), located within a tropical seasonal pasture matrix dominated by Panicum maximum Jacq. (Poaceae). The substrate-induced respiration method was used to determine soil microbial activity in a laboratory incubation experiment. A 3 × 3 factorial laboratory experiment for litter type and soil origin was carried out by adding leaf litter to soil in a reciprocal fashion to evaluate the relative effect of litter quality on substrate-induced respiration. Potential C mineralization rate and net microbial C immobilization from soil under C. elaeagnoides and C. eriostachys were higher with endogenous litter (260 ± 24 µg C g−1 d−1 and 242 ± 11 µg C g−1 d−1 for C. elaeagnoides and C. eriostachys, respectively) than with exogenous litter. Potential carbon mineralization and net microbial C immobilization in soil under P. maximum increased with litter from C. eriostachys due to other leaf-litter quality parameters as lignin concentration and lignin:N ratio. Therefore, C. eriostachys litter addition on soil under grass species may help to stabilize soil organic matter, promoting soil microbial biomass and activity. The net immobilization of microbial N under two remnant tree species and grass species was negative, indicating an N mineralization from microbial biomass.


Quinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic compound which serves as a feedstock for the synthesis of other and lead candidates of
compounds having various pharmacological and herbicidal activities. 8-methoxyquinoline was synthesized using 8-
Hydroxyquinoline as a starting material and the product yield was (815mg, 71%), the retardation factor was found to be 0.58,
the IR showed aromatic absorption at 3049/cm, 892-649/cm. The 5-Nitro-8-Methoxyquinoline was also synthesized using
8-methoxyquinoline as starting material and the product percentage yield was 77% and melt at 1150C. The IR showed NO2
absorption at 1338/cm, aromatic absorption at 2914/cm, 930-620 /cm. The two products were screened for their biological
activities. The 8-Methoxyquinoline showed strong antifungal activity against Aspergilius Flavus, Aspergilius nigea and
Trichopython, also exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Bacillus substilis, Salmonella spp and Salmonella typhi
than 5-Nitro-8-Methoxyquinoline. This biological properties exhibited by 8-methoxyquinoline showed that it may be a very
good candidate for the synthesis of pharmaceutical products.


bAcKGROUND: Bronchiectasis is characterised by the production and retention of large volumes of secretions. These secretions could cause recurrent infections, among other complications. Chest physiotherapy aims to assist in the clearance of airway secretions and may include the flutter device. The objectives of this review are to investigate the effects of the flutter in terms of pulmonary function and sputum clearance in people with bronchiectasis. MEtHODs: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro and AMED databases were searched using subject-headings and keywords. The studies selected were those with a randomisedcontrolled design in which the flutter was given as one of the treatment approaches, in subjects with bronchiectasis. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to the identified studies and all the relevant data was extracted and collected in a data collection sheet. The quality of these studies was assessed by two reviewers using PEDro as the quality assessment tool. REsULts: Initially, eleven studies were identified. Six studies involving 96 participants met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. A meta-analysis was not performed due to the heterogeneity of the data in the studies. Two studies concluded in favour of the flutter in terms of sputum clearance and one study showed positive or similar results in the pulmonary function while the rest of the studies had similar or negative results when compared to control and other interventions. cONcLUsIONs: Based on the sparse literature, the flutter device could be considered as a physiotherapy treatment option for bronchiectasis. Pneumon 2014, 27(4):307-314. Marina Eleni Kloni1, Alexios Klonis2, Kleomenis Benidis3 1Physiotherapist, BSc, MSc, MCSP, Larnaca, Cyprus 2School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom 3Respiratory Specialist, Pulmonary Clinic Larnaca General Hospital, Larnaca, Cyprus


"A farmer with 100 acres in corn yielding 100 bushels an acre could make $10,000 more by making the best decision instead of the worst decision." Converting Agricultural Research into Practical Results


Eel is Anguilla japonica and Anguillidae family as a freshwater fish, and Japanese name is Unagi. The content of vitamin A of eel muscle are about 4,000IU/100g and they have many effective components, so it is known as healthy food. Therefore, many people have eel that cooked roast and hot-water extract in Korea. WHO encouraged that daily edible content of vitamin A is 2,000IU. Now, Japan government proposes the weight of roasted eel in lunch basket as 50g. But, Korea government does not proposes in every related aspects. Therefore, we researched content of vitamin A in hot-water extract from eel and optimal processing condition of hot-water extract from eel, in order to determine a proper edible volume. The content of vitamin A in eel hot-water extract sold at a market was about 200 IU. This study resulted from the fact that many eel hot-water extracts lacked the vitamin A. The reason was that the lipids were removed for taste on processing. But, The content of vitamin A in eel hot-water extract which didn't removed lipid on processing was about 800IU. Therefore, in drinking for 3packs per day, eel hot-water extract might have adjusted 100mL per pack which is almost consistent with the recommended dietary allowance of vitamin A in WHO.


The barriers to global collaboration of yesteryear were, for example, country boundaries and time zones. Today however, in a world where communication is thriving on new technologies, these barriers have been overcome, not only by the technology itself, but also by the collaborators in a desire (and need) to extend knowledge, seize opportunities and build partnerships.
This chapter reports on one such collaboration: a case study where the focus is the writing of a scholarly article between authors from Australia, England and South Africa. The challenges of different time zones, academic calendars, and managing the collaboration are outlined in this chapter. Findings from the case study suggests that the key elements of success are related to the individuals and project management techniques, and not the technology per se. The constructivist learning theory as well as the e-Moderation model are supported by this work and thus extend their application to the academic writing process.


An improved dynamic principal component analysis (DPCA) is presented which uses principal component related variable residual (PVR) statistic to replace Q statistic, applied to multivariate statistical process monitoring. The improved DPCA can avoid the conservation of Q statistical detection and provide more explicit process variable information about the principal component. Thus effectively identify the change of T2 chart which is caused by the change of normal working condition or process fault. After all, the method is applied to distillation column process detection. The simulation result shows that the improved DPCA method avoids the conservation of the Q statistic. Compared with the traditional DPCA, the improved DPCA is more effective.


More than half of the assets in China's banking system are accounted for by four huge state-owned commercial banks. This paper examines the changing factors influencing these banks' lending behavior over the post-1994 period on a province-by-province basis. Determinants include the concentration of state-owned enterprises, the level of provincial prosperity, deposit levels, and macroeconomic control variables. We confirm a downward trend in the banks' loan-to- deposit ratio combined with some (mixed) evidence of more lending to richer provinces over time. SOE lending remained important for at least one of the four banks.


A low specific weight (20 to 40 Kg/Kwe), long life (6 to 10 year), 100 to 400 KWe nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) system can deliver 2,000 to 10,000 Kg payloads for intensive study of our solar system. The nuclear power source is about 80% of the NEP system mass, thus the NASA program is focused on developing the power source technology. Because of the long life requirements, direct thermal to electric energy conversion technology (thermionic and thermoelectric) is being pursued. In order to meet the low specific weight it is necessary to develop a 10 to 15% conversion module with a 875 K minimum heat rejection temperature and a 1675 K maximum input temperature. The thermoionic converter is about 9% efficient at these temperatures. The thermoelectric converter is limited to a 1300 K input temperature. So, the thermionic program is focused on improving the efficiency while the thermoelectric program is focused on increasing the temperature.


Recently, some studies about primates have claimed the importance of the vessels to maintain the muscles working; in fact, the arterial supply could suggest how strenuous the muscular performance is associated to locomotor behavior. The aim of this work was to study the anatomy of the arteries of the forelimbs of different groups of primates to evidence a general arterial model in comparative terms.


Landslide events occur annually induced by heavy rain or an earthquake in the world. Remote sensing technique is an effective for landslide mapping and monitoring. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has a great potential due to its all-weather day and night imaging capabilities. Therefore, the utilization of SAR data for rapid damage assessment is expected. In a previous study, we demonstrated that landslide detection derived from correlation coefficient using pre- and post-event COSMO-SkyMed HH single polarization data. On the other hand, fully-polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) data contain various information compared to single polarization SAR data. In this study, we demonstrated the applicability of polarimetric analysis from SAR images for detection of the landslide area. The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in Japan caused landslide damage in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan. Rapid damage assessment after natural disasters is crucial to fast crisis response. Three ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 polarimetric data acquired on 3 December, 2015, 21 April, 2016 and 5 May, 2016 were used. Entropy/α angle/anisotropy were calculated from each PolSAR data. Yamaguchi four-component decomposition analysis of PolSAR was also conducted. The polarimetric coherence (γHH – V) was calculated from the correlation between HH and VV polarization from pre- and post-event PolSAR data. In this study, we deal with the detection of landslides using pre- and post-event polarimetric parameters from PolSAR data. The largest landslide area in Minami-Aso village was clearly showed the surface scattering because the landslide induced by earthquake removed forested vegetation on the ground surface. The extent of the landslides was detected using pre- and post-event PolSAR data with Random forest (RF) classifier. It is clarified that pre- and post-event alpha angle, entropy and γHH – V from PolSAR data with the RF classifier is effective for landslide detection.


The issue of craniofacial growth has become more relevant because of the increasing interest in optimizing treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate craniofacial growth changes in skeletal Class II and Class III subjects in comparison with an age and sex matched control group with normal dentoskeletal pattern. Materials and Methods: The sample was randomly collected from the files of the American Association of Orthodontists Foundation Legacy Collection (AAOF). The final sample consisted of 170 subjects; 75 skeletal Class II subjects (33 females and 42 males), 15 skeletal Class III subjects (5 females and 10 males)


New poly(butylene succinate) with lauric side chains is synthesized successfully through the melting polymerization by feeds of succinic acid,butylene glycol,butyl group-N-glutamic acid.The polymer and itsproperties are characterized.The Mw of 4-PBS is 2.0×104 and the Mw/Mn is 2.09.The temperature of glass transition,melting and crystal are-11.7℃,113.7℃,and 89.9℃ respectively.The crystallinity of C4-PBS is 57.6%.C4-PBS shows a circular sphere crystal form obviously below 80℃,but above that temperature its clear circular form disappears.


A diff case (4) is attached to a side face of a ring gear wheel (48) on the opposite side to the side on which the ring gear wheel (48) and a pinion gear wheel (35) mesh with each other. The ring gear wheel (48) integrally has a boss portion (54), in which a driven shaft is fitted, on the meshing side with the pinion gear wheel (35). An annular member (56) slidably movable in an axial direction thereof is provided on the boss portion (54) with a guide portion for guiding the annular member (56). A lock pin (70) is provided on the annular member (56) for inserting into pin holes (71, 72) formed in the ring gear wheel (48) and a left output side cam to place the differential mechanism into a locked state. A sliding region within which the annular member (56) slidably moves is disposed so as to be included in a projection region of the diameter of the pinion gear wheel (35).


For many investors, it is important to predict the future trend of abnormal stock returns. Thus, in this research, the abnormal stock returns of the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange were tested since 2008- 2017 using three hypotheses. The first and second hypotheses examined the non-linearity and non-randomness of the abnormal stock returns ′ trend around the release date of annual financial statements, respectively. While, the third hypothesis tested the potential of the chaos model in explaining future abnormal returns based on the past abnormal returns around the release date of the annual financial statements. For this pur-pose, BDS, Teraesvirta Neural Network, and White Neural Network tests were used to investigate its non-linearity. In addition, Lyapunov exponent, correlation dimension, Dickey-Fuller, and Hurst exponent tests were used for testing non-randomness and the fitness of AR, SETAR, and LSTAR models to determine the optimal model in explaining the abnormal returns utilizing R software. Results of these tests represented a non-linear and non-random process and chaos in the abnormal stock returns, implying the predictability of abnormal stock returns. Also, among three used chaos models, the LSTAR model had lower error and more predictability than the other two models.


Abstract The Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA) is a microlensing survey conducted at Mt. John Observatory in New Zealand. We searched transiting planet candidates from the MOA-I Galactic bulge data, which have been obtained with a 61cm B&C telescope from 2000 to 2005 for a microlensing search. Although this survey data were dedicated to microlensing, they are also quite useful for searching transiting objects because of the large number of stars monitored (~7 million) and the long span of the survey (~6 years). From our analysis, we found 58 transiting planet candidates. We are planning to follow up these candidates with high-precision spectroscopic and photometric observations for further selection, toward the detection of planets by radial velocity observations.


This research is devoted to studying the impact of international financial aid on economic growth in Europe after the Second World War. The aim of the investigation is the identification of regularities of post-war recovery of European economies in the second half of the twentieth century and the assessment of international financial aid's role in the economic growth stimulation. The author summarizes domestic and foreign researchers' achievements of studying the issue of the Marshall Plan and its importance for modern Ukraine, and differentiates the classic, capitalistic and modern stages of post-conflict reconstruction of the national economies. The relation between the amount of financial assistance from US government to 14 European countries and the growth of GDP in 1947–1952 is studied with the help of correlation and regression analysis and their significant linear dependence is determined. The issue of institutional support of international financing program of economic recovery of Europe has not been left without attention.


From the British Journal for the Philosophy of Science November Number, 1956; Vol. VII, No. 27 "The Study of the Philosophy of Science", by G. J. WHITROW: Arguments for and against the study of the subject are discussed. Scientists who study it are often accused of wasting their time. Against this it is argued that: (i) every scientist has a philosophy of scienceconscious or unconscious; (ii) the classics of the subject have a perennial interest; (iii) only in discussions pertaining to this subject is serious consideration given to the nature and tendencies of science as a whole; (iv) a more widespread training in the subject could promote higher critical standards for the manner of presentation of the results of scientific research; (v) the subject can be, and often has been, of great help in the clarification of concepts and theories and the general advancement of science itself. "Some Aspects of Probability and Induction", by JONATHAN BENNETT: A discussion of three topics treated in Kneale's Probability and Induction. It is argued that Kneale's treatment of the consilience of inductions is faulty and, in particular, that he fails in his attempt to show that two or more scientific hypotheses must automatically gain in probability if they are shown to be consequences of some single, wider hypothesis. Arguments are advanced to show that the range theory of probability is unworkable, and Kneale's attack on the frequency theory is criticised. A defence is offered, against Kneale's criticisms, of Keynes' theory of eliminative induction. February Number, 1957; Vol. VII, No. 28 "On the Difference Between Men and Machines," by T. R. MILES: Let us assume an object capable of displaying any characteristically human responses that anyone chooses to name. On what grounds could this object be labelled either "man" or "machine"? It might be suggested (i) that the presence of mind or consciousness is a sufficient condition for calling the object a man, or (ii) that, if all behavioural criteria for distinguishing men from machines are removed, then ex hypothesi there is no difference between the two. (i) appears to involve an unverifiable and therefore senseless hypothesis; (ii) involves the questionable procedure of treating the notion of "consciousness" behaviouristically. A better solution can be found by making use of Head's notion of "body-schema". The distinguishing characteristic of a man as opposed to a machine is the possession of awareness in relation to a body-schema. This solution can be shown to avoid the difficulties of both (i) and (ii). "Explanation, Prediction and Abstraction," by ISRAEL SCHEFFLER: In contradistinction to widely held opinion concerning scientific explanation and prediction, it is argued that (1) they differ not only in pragmatic characteristics but in logical structure, (2) they ought neither be taken as representing the central purpose of science, nor as epistemologically basic, and (3) their abstractive function does not imply that they take abstract, intensional entities (e.g. phenomena, facts, states-of-affairs) as objects. "Determinism and Predictability," by D. J. O'CONNOR: Many analyses of the notion of determinism have been made in terms of the allied notion of predictability. This paper tries to show that such attempts must fail because the two concepts differ in an important way. The imprecision of all procedures of measurement of continuous quantities and the vagueness of all descriptive words makes it impossible for any prediction to identify an event uniquely. Thus though there is a one-one relationship between antecedent and consequent states of affairs if we assume determinism to be true, there must always be a onemany relationship between a given prediction and the possible events which would satisfy it.


The demand for miniaturized package size, higher performance and integration density, lower power consumption, and lower manufacturing cost drives the development of various new packaging technologies, such as WLP, 2.5D interposer, 3D WLCSP etc. Recently, Fan-Out Wafer Level Package (FOWLP) has aroused more and more interest since it emerged as a successful technology in providing the solution to meet advanced system packaging and integration requirements. FOWLP has also become a key-enabling technology for multi-chip and 3D system integration. Embedded silicon fan-out (eSiFO®) technology developed by Huatian group was a low cost FOWLP technology, which eliminates molding, temporary bonding and de-bonding in the process flow. The eSiFO® technology for single chip with a high yield of 99.5% was reported. In this paper, the development of eSiFO® technology for multi-chip and 3D system integration was reported. One package in the size of 5.2×4.0 mm2 and containing 5 chips has been successfully produced. Small warpage of ~1mm for eSiFO® 300mm wafer was achieved even with 2 layer thick RDLs. Another 3D-Integration package based on the eSiFO® technology has also been successfully demonstrated, where two dies were stacked on the top of the eSiFO® wafer by die placement and mass reflow processes. For the 3D eSiFO® SiP package, the size and thickness was 4.1×4.1mm, and 0.375 mm respectively. One RDL was formed on both front and backside of the eSiFO®. The interconnection between the embedded chip and the stacked chips was made through micro bumps and through-silicon vias (TSVs) located in the fan-out area of the carrier wafer. The manufactured packages have shown good electrical yield and passed standard reliability tests.


A series of new N-chloracetyl derivatives have been synthesized proceeding from 4-spirocyclopentane-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines, 1-phenyl-1-cyclopentylmethylamine, and chloroanhydrides of bromoacetic and α-bromopropionic acids. Reactions of these bromoamides with amines (piperidine, morpholine) yield in the title N-acylamino derivatives. The antiarrhythmic properties of the synthesized compounds have beenstudied.


Activated carbon was prepared from almond husks by activation at different temperatures in the absence (MAC-I) and presence (MAC-II) of H2SO4. The ability of the activated carbon to remove zinc(II) ions by adsorption from aqueous solutions was investigated, varying several conditions such as pH, the carbonisation temperature of the husk, the initial concentration of metal ions, the contact time and the adsorbent concentration. The optimum conditions were found to be a pH value of 5.5, a carbonisation temperature of 700°C, a contact time of 60 min and an adsorbent concentration of 4 g/l. The results obtained indicated that effective uptake of Zn(II) ions was achieved when the carbon prepared by heating almond husks at 700°C was activated by the addition of H2SO4. A 92% removal of Zn(II) ions was achieved at an initial concentration of 20 mg/l and an adsorbent concentration of 4 g/l. When the adsorbent concentration was increased to 40 g/l, the adsorption density decreased from 4.5 mg/g to 0.47 mg/g for MAC-II. The Langmuir and Freundlich constants were both calculated, and the data found to be fitted reasonably well by the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption capacities for MAC-I and MAC-II as calculated from the Langmuir isotherm were 30.864 mg/g and 35.336 mg/g, respectively.


Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), a combination scheme of performance based financing and conditional cash transfer for safe motherhood, has increased ante natal coverage and institutional deliveries in India. Although the two concepts have been criticized world over for both positive and negative aspects; rarely the role of these two mechanisms behind the success of JSY has been addressed. Quality, cost-effectiveness and other issues were never given due emphasis under this scheme neither efforts have been made to overcome known drawbacks of these strategies. Considering future of the scheme and sustainability, it is required to evaluate the concepts separately. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v4i1.10137 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2014;4 (1): 341-343


In applications requiring very high throughput or which have real-time deadlines, the use of parallel processing techniques has become widespread. This has been done in hopes of exploiting the promise of vast performance gains provided by parallel processing. However, these potential gains can be diminished by the communication overhead inherent in these systems. In this paper, such a communication overhead was encountered while work was being performed on simulations of partial diierential equations (representing uid dynamics problems) by using the multi-dimensional wave lters method. With tightly-coupled architectures being used as the platform, the static communication scheduling of messages in the network is addressed. The compile time determination of when nodes should send their messages to other nodes in the network is what is termed static communication scheduling. In parallel systems the static scheduling of computational tasks has been studied for some time, however, an in depth analysis of our problem is very new. This paper builds a framework based on the newly developed Collision Graph model. Using this model, the determination of an optimal schedule is proven to be NP-Complete. Several eecient algorithms are designed to deal with a general case model of message traac. Experiments show a signiicant improvement over baseline approaches.


35 Spasmodic dysphonia is a disease presumed to be a form of focal laryngeal dystonia. The widely used first-line treatment is botulinum toxin injection to the thyroarytenoid muscles. In spite of the effectiveness and safety of this method, it has a temporary effect that lasts only several months, resulting the patients' symptom fluctuating, called 'Botox rollercoaster.' Some surgical techniques had tried, but they had shown several limitations including high rate of recurrence. We tried thyroarytenoid myectomy with selective recurrent laryngeal nerve section in a patient with intractable spasmodic dysphonia. This procedure is an alternative treatment of spasmodic dysphonia to prevent recurrence and improve symptoms. During five years of follow-up, she has shown steady quality voice without any complication. To the best of our knowledgement, this is the longest follow-up case of this operation in South Korea.


Conclusion: The Pre-ACLS training course is a valuable teaching design to strengthen the ACLS concept and skills. <0.01)(Figure 1); 2) All subjects sustained the hyperpnea without difficulty; and 3) There was a hyperbolic rela-tion between minute ventilation (normalized for body weight and a [Hb] of 15 g/L) and the Tjy 2 (Figure 2). P ET CO 2 during hyperpnea did not differ from that during resting ventilation. Conclusion: Sustainable hyperpnea can markedly reduce the T^- There is a marked effect on Tjy 2 of small increments of minute ventilation (effort) from resting ventilation. We suggest that normocarbic hyperpnea may provide an effective inexpensive pre- and in-hospi-tal treatment option for acute CO poisoning. He was dis-charged without significant complications after successful primary management. Discussion: From the viewpoint of nursing care, the provision of care by specialized emergency nurses short-ens the resuscitation time, and increases the performance of teamwork. We will identify various nursing strategies for the patient with penetrating cardiac injuries, and will discuss the roles of the specialized emergency nurses in dealing with trauma cases.


In specialty literature, the aspects of the effects of training stimuli on the athlete are analyzed from interdisciplinary perspectives. Thus, they are emphasized by several researchers from the psychologically and medical view point, having monitored the biochemical indexes during or right after the specific effort was done. The training of the performance swimmers requires the answers' finding regarding the effortfatigue-stress variables conducting that are necessary in order to optimize the sportive performance and implicitly, the sportive longevity increasing. The purpose of the research is to identify the concrete ways of the methodological conducting of the swimming individualized training based on determining the relation between effort-fatigue-stress, by determining the psychological profile regarding the stress reactions and by determining the individual variables of some biochemical and hormonal parameters, in order to optimize the performance capacity. We assumed that the obtained information related to the psychological profile of the performance swimmers can represent objective marks in the training methodological controlling. During this research we used the following methods: the survey method for finding the competition stress (SCAT), the felt stress level, PSS, the competition anxiety level; biochemical analysis. © 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.uk


In recent years, the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to detect different brain structures such as midbrain, white matter, gray matter, corpus callosum, and cerebellum has increased. This fact together with the evidence that midbrain is associated with Parkinson's disease has led researchers to consider midbrain segmentation as an important issue. Nowadays, Active Shape Models (ASM) are widely used in literature for organ segmentation where the shape is an important discriminant feature. Nevertheless, this approach is based on the assumption that objects of interest are usually located on strong edges. Such a limitation may lead to a final shape far from the actual shape model. This paper proposes a novel method based on the combined use of ASM and Local Binary Patterns for segmenting midbrain. Furthermore, we analyzed several LBP methods and evaluated their performance. The joint-model considers both global and local statistics to improve final adjustments. The results showed that our proposal performs substantially better than the ASM algorithm and provides better segmentation measurements.


In recent years, the researches on informal economy from the spatial view have attracted a lot of attention in urban geography. Meanwhile various informal economy phenomena appeared during the fast urbanization in China. Wuzhong small informal market was selected as our study case. As a large-scale urban development project, "Chu RiverHan Street" is a core part of the Urban Central Culture Area of Wuhan. It is located in the geometric center of Wuhan city, which is between the East Lake and the Sha Lake. Wuzhong small informal market is situated in the north of the intersection between the northwest of Xingguosouth Road and the East Lake Road The historical development process was restored by referring to a large number of documents and historical data. We found that the market once sited before Wuhan Heavy Machinery Factory was the predecessor of the informal market. The characteristics of spatial distribution and the social and economic of the small informal market were analyzed by the plotting of field survey. The related appeal and attitude of different subjects was obtained by in-depth interviews. We found that there exists some special status for the small informal market, including that the sharp differentiation of urban landscape, these economic activities related to subsistence, the transitivity and temporality of these stalls and the liquidity of some street hawkers. The presence of informal market provides strong support to the normal running of large projects.Although the informal market is temporary and transition, it provides powerful supports for the normal running of large projects and the normal living keeping of the located residents.