The practical function, social significance, and symbolic meaning or the original name of the structures and patterns contained in the archaeological records cannot be explained from the sources themselves. This is because they consist of dead material objects which are halfway between a past social world and a return to a natural state. In this chapter the authors compare the systems of archaeological structures with models derived from a living culture trying to arrive at a new theory of the archaeological context under examination. Most of the time it is necessary that several alternative models are applied in order to determine which of those best matches the archaeological structures and systems. The authors proceed in the same way in creating the models required for the interpretation of archaeological structures identified at Pohansko. Finally, the authors compare the system with three models designated as munitio, palatium and emporium.Keywords: archaeological records; emporium model; munitio model; palatium model; Pohansko


ANN C. SPEAROW Digestibilities of rations containing 10% (dry matter basis) oil-type, rolled sunflower seeds treated with three levelsof calcium hydroxide were compared using .a randomized complete block design. Forty-eight Holstein steers were fed one of six completely mixed rations consisting of (DM basis) 44% corn silage, 10% chopped alfalfa hay, and 46% concentrate mix. Concentrate mixes contained: CSM = control; SCS =control+ 22% sunflower seeds; SCL = SCS + 3.5% additional limestone; SCH2, SCH4, and SCH8 = SCS + 2, 4, and 8% calcium hydroxide(% sunflower seed DM), respectively. Total rations were isonitrogeneous at approximately 16% crude protein· and isocaloric at 4.2 MCal/kg. Steers were adapted to diets for 13 days followed by a 5 day total collection of feces and urine. Dry matter intakes were similar, but tended to be lower for rations SCL and SCH8. Apparent digestibilities of dry .matter, organic matter, gross energy, crude protein, acid-ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, and hemicellulose were similar for all treatments. Apparent acid detergent fiber digestibility was not depressed with sunflower rations as · compared to the CSM ration, but was lower with SCL as compared to rations SCH2, SCH4, and SCH8. Molar percent -acetate and acetate:propionate ratios increased with all sunflower rations compared to CSM; however, there were no significant differences in actua~ volatile fatty acid concentrations among treatments. Rumen pH, rumen ammonia, and serum urea levels were similar for all treatments. Analysis of rumen fluid dry matter (RFDM) indicated an increase in total fatty acid (TFA) . concentrations with sunflower rations as compared to CSM, while calcium supplementation, especially with calcium hydroxide, caused a decrease in TFA concentrations. Sunflower rations caused an increase in · insoluble· fatty acid soaps (IFAS) i~ RFDM, but additional calcium dia· not result in a further increase in IFAS. This indicated sufficient calcium was present to form IFAS to the maximum extent possible given the conditions of this study. Compared to limestone, calcium hydroxide increased the unsaturated nature of the IFAS in the RFDM, which may have resulted in increased fiber digestibility with these rations as compared to SCL. The· results of this study indicated that the utilization of rolled sunflower seeds in ruminant rations may be improved by treating sunflower seeds with 2 to 4% calcium hydroxide; however, further identification of the specific merchanisms involved is warrented.


One of the challenges confronting cities innon-industrialised countries today is the fact that cities aregrowing at unprecedented rates, sizes and densities. Growthtrends in these cities are largel ...


Very hard diamondlike carbon films have been prepared with the aid of an ionized deposition technique. The growth mechanism of films deposited in the presence of methane gas is discussed. The properties of these carbon films are as follows: The concentration of hydrogen atoms contained in the films is almost negligible. Micro‐Vickers hardness changes depended largely on the deposition conditions, but some of the values obtained were larger than that of sapphire. The 111, 220, and 311 reflections can be observed clearly in the electron diffraction patterns. Moreover the crystal structure obtained from these rings is very close to that of diamond.


Background : Glomerular disease is a common problem faced in clinical practice in Thailand. It could be definitely diagnosed by performing kidney biopsy. The knowledge of epidemiology of biopsy-proven glomerular disease provides useful information in clinical practice. There are several epidemiologic studies in many countries however, they yield differing results in terms of clinicopathologic correlations and clinical response. Objective : To identify the prevalence of primary, secondary glomerular diseases and analyze clinical response of common glomerular diseases in Trat Hospital. Method : Descriptive retrospective study of percutaneous kidney biopsies during June 2004 - May 2005 was performed. A total of 36 consecutive native kidney biopsies in adult patients were analyzed. Outpatient medical records were reviewed about clinical response after treatment. Results : A total of 36 native kidney biopsy data were collected during this period. The most common indication for kidney biopsy was nephrotic syndrome (65.7 percent), followed by nephrito-nephrotic syndrome (25.7 percent), diabetic with unusual renal manifestations (5.7 percent), and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (2.9 percent). Primary glomerular diseases were more common than secondary glomerular disease (71.4 vs. 28.6 percent). The most common primary glomerular disease was IgM nephropathy (48 percent), followed by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (16 percent), minimal change disease (16 percent). The most common secondary glomerular disease was lupus nephritis. Post biopsy complication occurred in 2.7percent (gross hematuria).For clinical response to steroid therapy, IgM nephropathy was poorer steroid responsive than minimal change disease, but no difference in blood pressure, renal function and urinary protein excretion between the two groups.


The past years have shown a remarkable growth in use-cases for micro aerial vehicles (MAVs). Conceivable indoor applications require highly robust environment perception, fast reaction to changing situations, and stable navigation, but reliable sources of absolute positioning such as global navigation satellite system (GNSS) or compass measurements are unavailable during indoor flights. We present a high-performance autonomous inventory MAV for operation inside warehouses. The MAV navigates along warehouse aisles and detects the placed stock in the shelves alongside its path with a multimodal sensor setup containing an radio-frequency identification (RFID) reader and two high-resolution cameras. We describe in detail the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) pipeline based on a three-dimensional lidar, the setup for stock recognition, the mission planning and trajectory generation, as well as a low-level routine for avoidance of dynamical or previously unobserved obstacles. Experiments were performed in an operative warehouse of a logistics provider, in which an external warehouse management system provided the MAV with high-level inspection missions that are executed fully autonomously.


Using thin layer chromatography phenoxymethyl penicillin, sulphadiazine, aspirin and paracetamol were identified as contaminants which were transferred by automatic counting machines. Quantitative analysis by densitometry, indicated that as much as 9.75 mg of aspirin the model contaminant used, could be transferred to 50 hard gelatin capsules following the counting of 100 aspirin 300‐mg tablets. A rank correlation was observed between the amount of contaminants produced and the friability of the tablets.


In this paper, we investigate analysis and prediction of the time-dependent data. We focus our attention on four different stocks are selected from Yahoo Finance historical database. To build up models and predict the future stock price, we consider three different machine learning techniques including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Support Vector Regression (SVR). By treating close price, open price, daily low, daily high, adjusted close price, and volume of trades as predictors in machine learning methods, it can be shown that the prediction accuracy is improved.


An explanatory survey was conducted to assess preference and consumption pattern of horticultural species, their sources, location-wise planting preferences and diversity of these species in the rural homestead forest of the offshore island of Bangladesh. Assessment was done through multistage random sampling. Based on homestead size respondents were categorized into small (0.25 ha) and twenty from each category were selected randomly for the study. The study revealed that most of the farmer (75.5%) preferred to plant fruit tree species for future plantation followed by timber species (62.2%). But fruit-bearing plants were being gradually replaced by some exotic timber species such as Swietenia mahagoni, Acacia auriculiformis, Tectona grandis, Eucalyptus spp., etc. Diversity and abundance of fruit species was found higher in almost all homestead. A total of 41 horticultural species were identified and seven horticultural species among them were recognized as the most preferred ones in the study area. Consumption pattern was chiefly to meet the nutritional demand and to gain a quick monetary benefit. Average annual income from horticultural species was 7,183.33 Taka (US$102).


The advantages of creating a product design by the layout method are shown. An example of using the layout method when creating modular machines is given. It is noted that the effectiveness of using the layout method largely depends on the quality of the element base; the characteristics of the element base are given. A methodological approach to the construction of element bases is proposed, including the division of the element base into two parts: the base of the main elements and the base of the auxiliary elements.


The composite photoanodes with different mass ratios of ZnO nano-flowers to TiO2 nano-particles were prepared on transparent conductive fluorine-doped SnO2(FTO) substrates by doctor-blade technique.These anodes were sealed together with Pt-counter electrode to assemble into dye-sensitized solar cell(DSSC).The effect of mass ratio of ZnO nano-flowers to TiO2 nano-particles on the performance and electron transport properties of DSSC were studied by means of the photocurrent-voltage curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.The results show that open-circuit voltage and fill factor of DSSC increase with increasing the mass ratio of TiO2 nanopartices in composite photoanodes.The energy conversion efficiency reaches 3.20% when the mass ratio of ZnO to TiO2 is 83∶17.The impedance spectrum of DSSC assembled from ZnO-TiO2 composite anodes is similar to Gerisher impedance,and the impedance of diffusion is coupled with impedance of recombination.


A review of studies of photoconductivity in the ferroelectric-semiconductors SbSI and BaTiO3 is given and the results are discussed. In the short wavelength region of the spectrum there is an "extrinsic" photoconductivity of the ferroelectric due to the effect of the strong surface electric field on the nonequilibrium carrier lifetime. On the basis of stationary and kinetic photoelectric measurements the peculiarities of photoconductivity in the ferroelectric phase transition are considered. The anomalous behaviour of concentration, mobility and nonequilibrium carrier lifetime, and its relation with the substantial role of electron-phonon interactions and also with the large value and anisotropy of the dielectric permittivity, are discussed. Combined study of the photoelectric phenomena in SbSI, including measurements at low temperatures, resulted in the conclusion that there is a complicated system of energy levels in the energy gap of this substance; the data also leads to assumptions about the role of ...


Technical factors influencing the natural light design in architecture design are analyzed.The human complexes embodies in natural light design as well as the significance for use of natural light are discussed.From building material,structure,architectural space and other aspects natural light design is elaborated in order to create architectural works with satisfied natural light effects.


This paper focuses on analyzing and discussing thermal errors at CNC milling machines. The thermal affection makes the deformation of machine tools and is the main problem of accuracy error over than 65%. Effectively improving or controlling thermal errors is helpful for the accuracy of machine. The key point of this paper is the position of tool center point. Firstly, 14 pieces of temperature sensors are used for checking the real field of temperature, and then four sensors with better linearity are chosen for real situations. The test bar and 5 pieces of non-contact sensors are utilized for clearly getting the displacement of the tool center point and head during the process. Based on the theory of MRA (Multiple Regression Analysis), the external zero-point is shifted to build the mathematical module. The database is input to the control board and the PLC is used for real-time compensation for machining. Finally, two work pieces (one compensated and one non-compensated) are tested and compensated one presents better precision.


In this paper finite element software Abaqus was used to analyse the effect of cross-sectional shape on the crashworthiness performance of multi-cell profiles. An emphasis was placed on the modelling of the damage initiation criteria and its evolution during the crash event. The structures evaluated included square and circular multi-cell cross-sections fabricated with aluminium alloy EN AW-7108 T6. During the crash simulations, the structures were subjected to axial impact loads using a 500-kg rigid body striker with an initial velocity of 10 m/s. Accordingly to our results, profiles with circular cross-section base presented better crashworthiness performance than square profiles. An increase in crush force efficiency to 36.9% and specific energy to 35.4% was observed when a circular cross-section has been reinforced in the transversal and longitudinal directions. Finally, it was corroborated that the addition of the damage initiation criteria allowed for more reliable crash simulations of the structures.


Maoping landslide,locating in north bank of the upper reach of Geheyan Reservoir of Qingjiang River and 66 km away from the reservoir dam,is the largest ancient rock landslide in the reservoir area.The volume of the landslide is about (2.35×10~7m~3.)Since the filling of the reservoir on April 10,1993,the landslide showed uastable signs of slowly downslope displacement.If the landslide rush into the river,Qingjiang River would be blocked,inducing a tragic event.Therefore,completely understanding the development trend of the landslide is very important for decision maker to control the landslide.The efficent means analyse of development trend of the landslide is monitoring.So the workgroup have reconnaissance trips for several times.In this pper,movement trend of the landslide is analysed based on one-year monitoring.The result shows that the landslide movement has a trend of acceleration.


Innovative approaches are needed to reduce recurrent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG). We set out to determine acceptability and feasibility of telephone-delivered counseling for bacterial STI risk reduction. Three counseling sessions were delivered by trained staff supported by a computer-assisted telephone interview protocol used during the phone sessions. After 2 months, enrollees completed an interactive voice response survey, and were asked to mail in urine specimens for STI retesting. We enrolled 14-30 year old women with a recent history of CT/NG (n=24). All participants completed 2 (21% of participants) to 3 phone sessions (79%). At 2 month follow-up, 96% completed phone interviews and 52% mailed specimens for CT/NG testing. Intervention acceptability was high: 88% were satisfied with, and 75% felt that they benefited from, telephone-delivered counseling. A standardized telephone-delivered counseling intervention for STI reinfection prevention was feasible and acceptable in a high-risk population.


17 Introduction 17 Experimental 17 Relation between ghostline intensity and amplitude of periodic travel distortion 19 Discussion and conclusions 21 References 22 2.IV Reducing the effects of ghostlines in a step-record Fourier spectrometer 23 Abstract 23 Introduction 24 Theory 24 Experiment 27 Discussion 2923 Introduction 24 Theory 24 Experiment 27 Discussion 29 Conclusions 35 References 36 CHAPTER 3 SEARCH FOR FRACTIONAL CHARGE IMPURITIES IN SEMICONDUCTORS WITH PHOTOTHERMAL IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY 37 Abstract 37 Э.І Introduction 38 3.II The critical concentration 6/a 41 A. Thermal ionization 43 B. Ionization by background radiation 45 3.III PTIS signal formation SO З Л Experimental search for FCI's with PTIS 53 3.V Minimal detectable concentration of FCI's by PTIS 55 3.VI Conclusions 58 Appendix: Determination of a numerical value for В 59 References 6037 Э.І Introduction 38 3.II The critical concentration 6/a 41 A. Thermal ionization 43 B. Ionization by background radiation 45 3.III PTIS signal formation SO З Л Experimental search for FCI's with PTIS 53 3.V Minimal detectable concentration of FCI's by PTIS 55 3.VI Conclusions 58 Appendix: Determination of a numerical value for В 59 References 60 CHAPTER 4 FAR-INFRARED PHOTOTHERMAL IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY IN THE PRESENCE OF INTRINSIC LIGHT 63 Abstract 63 4.


A computational analysis has been performed to verify the aerodynamics properties of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The UAV-SUST has been designed and fabricated at the Department of Aeronautical Engineering at Sudan University of Science and Technology in order to meet the specifications required for surveillance and reconnaissance mission. It is classified as a medium range and medium endurance UAV. A commercial CFD solver is used to simulate steady and unsteady aerodynamics characteristics of the entire UAV. In addition to Lift Coefficient (CL), Drag Coefficient (CD), Pitching Moment Coefficient (CM) and Yawing Moment Coefficient (CN), the pressure and velocity contours are illustrated. The aerodynamics parameters are represented a very good agreement with the design consideration at angle of attack ranging from zero to 26 degrees. Moreover, the visualization of the velocity field and static pressure contours is indicated a satisfactory agreement with the proposed design. The turbulence is predicted by...


Introduction - Attitudes to Death Preparations before Death - Local Features of Dying and Death Global Features of Death and Dying - Concluding Discussion -


Trump's administration is configured negatively to the World Trade Organization (WTO), which it considered ineffective and is allegedly used by some United States trading partners to achieve trade and political objectives contrary to American interests. Some American claims to the WTO, at least partially, are shared by other members of the organization. The process of improving international trade rules is clearly not keeping up with the pace of change in the world. Signs of the WTO erosion are evident in advocating increased use of trade policy instruments outside the organization under the pretext of protecting national interests and national security, the introduction of new trade sanctions and other restrictive measures, the crisis of the system for the settlement of trade disputes. The absence of multilaterally agreed arrangements on the reform of the WTO encourages the Trump Administration to act unilaterally. The United States stated their right to apply the restrictive measures against the WTO members under the pretext of protecting national security, insisting on the need for a selective approach to decisions taken not in their favor, probe to eradicate undesirable for this country most favored nation trade regime (MFN), and accentuate the flaws of multilateralism in trade negotiations. Against this backdrop, the Trump Administration announced its willingness "to lead the international efforts†for the reformatting of the WTO with a view to restoring its sole political leadership in the organization. However, aggressive, reckless and uncoordinated with the partners of the United States actions untie hands to other countries to protect their own interests, both within the legal framework of the WTO and beyond, making the risks of returning to the priority of force factor on the principle of "everyone for himself †. The future of the multilateral trading system, the scope and depth of these reforms will largely be determined by the coherence or uncoordinated actions of key players - the United States, China and the EU. While the contribution of other countries, including Russia, could also be significant. The priorities will be the prevention of further escalation of trade conflicts and preparation of the conditions for a new round of trade negotiations.Â


This paper discusses online power-aware routing in large wireless ad-hoc networks for applications where the message sequence is not known. We seek to optimize the lifetime of the network. We show that online power-aware routing does not have a constant competitive ratio to the off-line optimal algorithm. We develop an approximation algorithm called max-min zPmin that has a good empirical competitive ratio. To ensure scalability, we introduce a second online algorithm for power-aware routing. This hierarchical algorithm is called zone-based routing. Our experiments show that its performance is quite good.


We postulate that all structure in broad lines can be explained by a central component (at the systemic redshift) and the addition of two 'displaced components', one blueshifted and the other redshifted. We have been able to successfully classify all Balmer-line profiles on this basis. 3C 390.3-type objects are merely examples where the shifts of the displaced components are unusually large. We believe that the displaced peaks are less prominent in the UV lines because the higher ionization lines are broader.


Ricin belongs to the A-B toxin family that also includes Shiga and cholera toxins. While immunity to ricin is antibody (Ab)-mediated, it is unclear what functional qualities of Abs are associated with immunity to ricin, considering that Abs with potent toxin-neutralizing activity (TNA) in vitro are not always protective in vivo. We recently produced a collection of alpaca heavy-chain only Abs (VHHs) specific for ricin's enzymatic (RTA) and binding (RTB) subunits. To better define the attributes associated with immunity to ricin, we engineered VHH homodimers and heterodimers and characterized them in vitro and in vivo. Dimeric VHHs had 10-fold improved binding affinities for ricin and had 2-3 times increased TNA as compared to their monomeric constituents. However, neither improved affinity nor increased TNA correlated with a VHH's ability to protect in vivo. Instead, immunity was associated with heterodimers composed of an RTA and an RTB monomer in which at least one had TNA. Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that all five protective heterodimers identified in this study promoted ricin aggregation in solution. The same five VHHs also prevented ricin from binding to cell surfaces in vitro. We propose that toxin aggregation and/or inhibition of attachment are likely key determinants of antibody-mediated protective immunity to ricin and possibly other A-B family members.


Scale economy in the construction and operation of public facilities, such as landfills, calls for cooperation among communities to build a common facility (Arthur O'Sullivan, 1993). Such a facility is a mixture of a public good and a private bad and, hence, leads to strong opposition by communities to locate it in their vicinity (Bruno S. Frey et al., 1996). This is one of the most serious environmental concerns of recent years, and is known as NIMBY: "not in my backyard." In this paper we study the hypothesis that a democratic political process creates an adequate mechanism for the resolution of the NIMBY conflict. The intuitive explanation is simple. A NIMBY conflict is likely to induce lobbying and symmetric pressures by all threatened communities in the relevant region. As is well known (Gene M. Grossman and Elhanan Helpman, 1994), when subject to symmetric pressures, politicians stick firmly to principles and function most efficiently. The existing literature on the siting of noxious facilities focuses mainly on normative issues, such as welfare-maximizing siting via decentralized community-based mechanisms (e.g., Howard Kunreuther and Paul R. Kleindorfer, 1986; Robert C. Mitchell and Richard T. Carson, 1986; and Deborah Minehart and Zvika Neeman, 2002). Evidently, however, such mechanisms have seldom been practiced (e.g., Stephen K. Swallow et al., 1992). The current study adopts a positive approach, integrating a political-economic framework with a model of a competitive real estate market. In the theoretical section, a government of a linear two-city economy determines the location of a noxious facility, which affects the equilibrium in the real estate market and induces the spatial distributions of price and population. The government is subject to political pressures by city-level lobbies of landowners (both landlords and home owners). In general, the political equilibrium and the socially optimal siting differ. However, the more equitable the distribution of landownership in the region, the smaller the difference. At the limit, when property distribution is perfectly equitable and all cities participate in the political arena, the government locates the facility at the socially optimal site. The analysis proceeds by identifying additional conditions under which the political equilibrium siting coincides with the socially optimal location and, with an empirical analysis. In the empirical section, the theoretical framework is extended to account for a multiple-city region, and is calibrated to assess the prospects of the political system for resolving the NIMBY conflict in the context of landfill-siting in Israel. It is shown that if all cities in the region form political lobbies and the politicians are not extremely corrupt, the political siting is close geographically to the socially optimal location, and the difference entails a less than 0.1 percent reduction in social welfare. Moreover, even if the formation of lobbying in the region is incomplete, as long as the weight the politicians assign to social welfare is larger than 0.7, the proximity of the politically and socially optimal locations is preserved. We interpret the above results as supportive of the hypothesis of an effective political solution to the NIMBY conflict.


By analyzing the content and source of coking wastewater,the treatment technology of coking wastewater were introduced by three parts of biochemistry,physical chemistry and electro-chemistry.Merits and faults of each treatment technology was compared in the present paper;the development director was point out.


Animal breeding technologies have advanced radically over the last 40 years and changed the way in which animals are farmed worldwide. While advances have been made, these methods have not always lived up to their promise or have led to the appearance of other unpredicted results. This has been caused by various factors such as ignorance of the correlated effects of selection or superestimation of the value of the technology. Also a dependence on technological advances often ignores important factors such as genotype x environment interaction, avoidance of inbreeding or maintenance of variation. This paper looks at some of these advances and their impact on farming practices.


A new ratio recording system is described which was especially developed for photon counters. The advantages of this system over previous ones for rapidly fluctuating sources are shown. The mean error which is introduced into the spectra by the new device was computed. The effectivity of the compensation is demonstrated with three examples.


In order to produce color cocoon, 3 rd day 5 th instar silkworm was cultivated with dye mixed artificial diet. Silkworm fed by artificial diet mixed with gardenia pigment spun blue colored cocoon, by Orange II orange cocoon, by methyl orange yellowish cocoon, and by Acid blue R bluish cocoon. Cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight ratio of silkworm fed by colored artificial diet were lower than those of normal silkworm.


This paper briefly discusses the major findings that have resulted from over eight years of research into the behaviour and design of housing slabs. A universal direct design procedure for unfilled sites is presented. Remedial techniques that can be adopted for the common causes of distress that can develop in various housing foundation systems are discussed.


Objective To explore an effective way to cultivate students' ability of analyzing and solving problems in the process of medicine marketing teaching.Methods Case-Teaching-Approach was applied on medicine marketing course.It is the key for designing,questioning and discussing the cases.Results and Conclusion It stimulates the students' enthusiasm and arouses teacher's creative thinking.Case-Teaching-Approach is a very important teaching approach on medicine marketing course.


Performance data have been obtained on a small absorption heat transformer operating with the following working fluid/absorbent paris : (i) water-lithium bromide, (ii) water-mixture of lithium chloride and lithium bromide (1:1 by weight), and (iii) water-lithium chloride. It is possible to deliver heat at temperatures beyond 100 ° C. It is demonstrated that water-LiCl or water-LiBr/LiCl pairs can be advantagenously used as alternatives to the well-known water-LiBr pair. The actual coefficients of performance obtained by using the water-LiCl pair are the best among the three pairs studied, under comparable conditions


The following study investigated the effectiveness of comprehension preadjunct questions as a learning strategy for older adults in a classroom setting. Preadjunct questions are questions presented at the beginning of the to‐be‐learned material to guide what is learned and to increase the likelihood that learners will correctly answer criterion test questions. Fifty‐five adults from 55 to 70 years of age were randomly assigned to two groups: the preadjunct question group and a no‐question control group. The groups viewed a video on high blood pressure and completed a recall posttest immediately after viewing the video and 7 days later. Results demonstrated that there was no significant difference between groups. However, the no‐question control group obtained a higher mean score on both the immediate and delayed recall tests than did the preadjunct question group. Results were explained in terms of resource theory of cognitive aging. If educators plan to use preadjunct questions when teaching older adults...


Orthogonal block designs for Scheffé's quadratic model in three and four components were given by John (1984), Czitrom (1988, 1989, 1992), Draper et al. (1993), Chan and Sandhu (1999) and Ghosh and Liu (1999). Singh (2003) considered optimal orthogonal designs in two blocks for Darroch and Waller's (1985) quadratic mixture model in three and four components. Prescott (1998) suggested nearly optimal orthogonally blocked designs for a quadratic mixture model in q components. Husain and Parveen (2016) obtained Fsquare based four component D-, A-, and Eoptimal orthogonal block designs for an additive quadratic mixture model. In this paper, we have obtained Latin square based D-, Aand E-optimal and nearly optimal orthogonal designs in three components for the model presented by Husain and Parveen (2016).


Objective:To investigate the proliferation inhibitory effect of Genistein on human hepatic cancer cell line SMMC-7721.Method:The MTT method was used to assay the biologic activities of Genistein on SMMC-7721 at different times and in different doses.The cell cycle distribution and cell apoptotic rate were detected by flow cytometric analysis.The cell ultrastructure was observed by electron microscope.The apoptosis associated protein was detected with immunohistochemical technique.Result:Genistein could effectively inhibit SMMC-7721 in a dose and time dependent manner.IC50(72h) of Genistein to SMMC-7721 was 29.0760μmol/L.The cell growth was arrested at G2/M stage and the apoptotic rate was 8.81%.Genistein could lead to apoptosis,which was confirmed by electron microcope.The expression of Bax?Fas?Myc?iNOS?NF-kB were up-regulated,while the expression of Bcl-2,MTP53 were down-regulated.Conclusion: Genistein could inhibit the proliferation of SMMC-7721 in vitro,which is due to the arrest at G2/M stage and the apoptosis is related to the up-regulation of Bax,Fas,Myc,iNOS,NF-kB and down-regulation of Bcl-2,MTP53.


Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are used to control devices throughout the power system since they have fast control capabilities and can utilize multiple types of communication interfaces. Therefore, studying and mitigating their vulnerabilities to electromagnetic pulse is important for the reliability of PLC operations. In this article, an effective impedance measurement scheme is proposed and demonstrated for three PLCs to estimate their susceptibility to an electromagnetic pulse. The equivalent nonuniform transmission line model is established to eliminate the impact of the fixture in the de-embedding process. Then, different parameters of the impedance measurement setup are explored. Based on the measured impedance, the equivalent circuit is established to calculate the response of the device when subjected to the electromagnetic pulse. The voltage and current responses of different interfaces are compared utilizing the developed pulsed current injection (CI) method. Finally, the impedance measurement scheme is verified through testing using three measuring instruments. And the CI simulation experiments reveal the characteristics and susceptibilities of different PLCs interfaces, indicating that some protection measures are required for the reliable operation of the PLC.


OBJECTIVE
To study the adsorption and enrichment of effective compounds of danshensu, and protocatechualdehyde from Danshen water extracts by macroporous resin D301.

METHOD
The change of active compounds was observed by detecting the amount of danshensu and protocatechualdehyde with HPLC.

RESULT AND CONCLUSION
Macroporous resins D301 can be used in the process of adsorbing and purifying active compounds of danshensu and protocatechualdehyde, and increase the amount of active compounds in water extracts.


Herbicides applied to vegetables play an important role in higher production of vegetables due to effective and timely control of weeds but at the same time herbicides residue may produce numerous environmental problems. The aim of this study was to determine whether application of herbicide for control of annual weeds in vegetable growing areas at recommended levels resulted in residues at the time of harvest. Thus, terminal residues of pendimethalin in vegetables such as tomato, cauliflower, and radishes were studies under field conditions. Pendimethalin was applied as pre-emergence herbicides at 1 kg a.i. ha−1 to tomato, cauliflower, and radish crops. Soil and vegetables samples were collected from pendimethalin-treated plots at maturity to determine harvest time residues of pendimethalin. At harvest, 0.008, 0.001, and 0.014 μg/g residues of pendimethalin were found in tomato, cauliflower, and radishes, respectively.


The story of Pasadena's civic center parallels the broad outlines of developments in twentieth-century American architecture and city planning. Beginning with the City Beautiful movement in the early 1900s that was driven by civic improvement organizations, often preponderantly female and led by a cultural elite, several Beaux Arts civic center plans were produced, most notably in Chicago, Cleveland, and San Francisco. City planners and civic elites envisioned ensembles of public buildings that emulated the squares of Europe, with the important difference that in America the focus would be a civic building, a state capitol or a city hall, in place of the church or cathedral that dominated the European public square. For the most part, the medieval town did not allow Renaissance and Baroque thinkers to impose their plans for grand axial vistas on existing cities, although these visions were worked out in garden designs. At the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris, where Haussmann had transformed the medieval city in the nineteenth century, American architects learned the precepts of Beaux Arts planning and design and saw with their own eyes the visual effects of broad tree-lined boulevards terminated by monumental works of architecture to create grand urban vistas.


[ANGLES] In this thesis the operation of the speaker recognition systems is described and the state of the art of the main working blocks is studied. All the research papers looked through can be found in the References. As voice is unique to the individual, it has emerged as a viable authentication method. There are several problems that should be considered as the presence of noise in the environment and changes in the voice of the speakers due to sickness for example. These systems combine knowledge from signal processing for the feature extraction part and signal modeling for the classification and decision part. There are several techniques for the feature extraction and the pattern matching blocks, so it is quite tricky to establish a unique and optimum solution. MFCC and DTW are the most common techniques for each block, respectively. They are discussed in this document, with a special emphasis on their drawbacks, that motivate new techniques which are also presented here. A search through the Internet is done in order to find commercial working implementations, which are quite rare, then a basic introduction to Praat is presented. Finally, some intra-speaker and inter-speaker tests are done using this software.


Russian Ayrshire population of cattle is the second largest in number the world population of animals of this breed. Trimethylaminuria (TMA) is the monogenic disease manifesting in the ''fish off-flavor" of the milk from the sick cows and caused by R238X mutation in the flavin-containing monooxidase 3 gene (FMO3). The aim of our investigation was the analysis of the FMO3 gene polymorphism of Ayrshire cattle breed and its relationship with the milk productivity of the first lactation. The analysis of FMO3 gene polymorphism has been carried out on 352 animals of 5 herds, and associations with the milk productivity due 305 days have been evaluated on 20 healthy cows (RR) and 6 ones-carriers of the mutation (RX). DNA has been extracted by means of the kit "DNA-Extran" ("Syntol", Russia). The identification of the FMO3 genotypes has been conducted by PCR-RFLP in according to the previously developed method with using TaqI restriction endonuclease. The frequency of animals-carriers of X allele associated with the defect of "fish off-flavor" of milk was in the range 10.21–12.82%. The frequencies of RR, RX and XX genotypes were 76.9, 20.5 and 2.6 %, respectively. The study of relationship between the genotypes on FMO3 gene and productivity traits has shown that the homozygous RR-individuals in comparing to RX-ones had significantly higher levels of the milk yield (+918.6 kg, P ≥ 0.05) and content of the milk protein (+28.8, P ≥ 0.05). Adaptive abilities of RR-cows of Russian selection allowed them to surpass animals of Finnish origin with a similar genotype in milk yield 5,655.6 ± 254.2 against 5,105.0 ± 238.6 kg. The investigations has shown the significant superiority the animals-non carriers of the "fish off-flavor" defect in the milk yield and content of the milk protein. This research was supported by the Ministry of science and higher education АААА-А18-118021590138-1.


ABSTRACT Hierarchical temporal memory is an emerging machine learning technology that aims to model the structural and algorithmic properties of the neocortex. It is particularly suitable for learning and predicting sequential data. However, when dealing with long time series or complex sequences, the accuracy is relatively lower than desired. In this paper, a novel hierarchical temporal memory based on recurrent learning unit is proposed, where a feedback mechanism is involved into the model. The original cell is extended with a recurrent unit to capture long temporal dependencies of synaptic connections between neurons. The temporal pooler algorithm is then modified to adapt to the recurrent learning unit, and the supervised gradient information is combined with the Hebbian synaptogenesis learning rule in speeding up the training. The prototype of the proposed hierarchical temporal memory is implemented and extensive experiments are carried out on two public datasets under various settings. Experimental results show that the proposed model obtains an accuracy increase by up to 32% and a perplexity drop by up to 14% on sequence prediction and text generation tasks, respectively, which indicates the hierarchical temporal memory with recurrent feedback outperforms the original model on sequence learning.


We have carried out modeling of an image formation in hard x-ray coherent radiation using a Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral. Combined zone plates have been used to form the image. The resolution of the combined zone plate was numerically shown to increase up to 10 times (equaling 20 nm) when compared with a traditional Fresnel zone plate without any changes of the outermost zone width (205 nm). The zone plate consisted of 6 areas operating in 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 diffraction orders. An efficiency improvement of 42% has been numerically achieved in contrast to a traditional Fresnel zone plate used in the third diffraction order. For the combined zone plate, the efficiency of 3.7 % has been achieved.


The local atomic structure and nanoscale chemistry of an antipolar phase in Bi0.9Sm0.1FeO3 epitaxial thin films are examined by an array of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with electron diffraction and electron energy-loss spectroscopy methods. The observations are tied to macroscopic properties of the films, namely, polarization-electric field hysteresis loops, dielectric constant-electric field hysteresis loops, and the dielectric loss. At room temperature, the local Sm deficiency was determined to destabilize the long-range ferroelectric state, resulting in the formation of local antipolar clusters with the appearance of PbZrO3-like antiparallel cation displacements, which give rise to 1/4{011} and 1/4{211} reflections as well as 1/2{321}, because of in-phase oxygen octahedral tilts. Aberration-corrected TEM analysis reveals that the antipolar structure is actually a lamellar of highly dense ferroelectric domains with alternating polarizations. With increasing temperature, a phase transi...


Objective: Our aims were to compare levels of resistin in people with obesity, pure hypercholesterolemia, or type 2 diabetes, and to discuss the relationship among obesity, purely hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes. Methods: A competitive ELISA was used to test resistin in plasma. Results: A statistical difference existed in resistin levels betweea people with obesity and pure hypercholesterolemia or type 2 diabetes (P0.01), The difference was significant between people with obesity and those with pure hypercholesterolemia and type 2 diabetes (P0.01). but not between people with pure hypercholesterolemia and those with type 2 diabetes (P0.05). Conclusion: There is a increasing trend in the resistin levels in people with obesity, pure hypercholesterolemias and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance caused by high level of resistin links obesity to hypercholesterolemia and type 2 diabetes.


Development banks have played a leading role in supporting development in many countries. Despite the liberalisation process of the 1980s and 1990s, development banks continue to be influential in financing development. In the Turkish case, the performance of development banking in supporting development has varied over time. However, one feature remained constant: development banking loans did not contribute to the alleviation of regional imbalances even during the period of import substituting industrialisation between 1963 and 1979. In this study, focusing on the period between 1963 and 1994 in Turkey, we found that regional development banking loans were primarily distributed to the periphery of the capital city, indicating the importance of geographical distance on development loan lending. The results also show that political connection of the municipalities to the central government was influential. Yet, the results suggest that elections do not significantly affect development banking activities.


The present invention relates to a technology for producing viscose fibre pulp by using bamboo material, and its technological process includes the following steps: preparing material, cutting material, screening, washing material, pre-hydrolyzing, washing material, steam cooking, tranferring, washing material, screening, defibering, removing sand, concentrating, chlorization and washing material, alkali refining and washing material, bleaching and washing material, acid treatment, washing material, removing sand, concentrating and dipping out. Said invention possesses the advantages of rich raw material source and low production cost.


The purpose of this study aimed to use paradigms to introduce "employee well-being" as a focal construct in the process by which internal service quality (ISQ) drives employee satisfaction, commitment and turnover intention. In this study, we use SEM analysis (Structural Equation Model) over 125 correspondents with filled a questionnaire. The scale carried out in this study uses a Likert scale consisting of a scale of one to five. The results of the study were ISQ has a positive effect on employee satisfaction & employee well-being in airlines company. This study is uses data from a single company in Tangerang, Indonesia and focuses on a few key constructs, which is restrict the generalizability of its findings. Moreover, no significant differences were found among the workers units.


Sputtering and deposition rates have been measured for discharge chamber components of a 30-cm diameter mercury ion thruster. It was found that sputtering rates of the screen grid and cathode baffle were strongly affected by geometry of the baffle holder. Sputtering rates of the baffle and screen grid were reduced to 80 and 125 A/hr, respectively, by combination of appropriate geometry and materials selections. Sputtering rates such as these are commensurate with thruster lifetimes of 15,000 hours or more. A semiempirical sputtering model showed good agreement with the measured values.


The influence of test specimen size on the fracture behavior of C/C and SiC/SiC composite materials was investigated. The fracture tests with unloading-reloading sequences were conducted by using compact tension test specimens with different thicknesses and widths. In situ observations of fracture process were conducted by video microscopy and the fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on the correlation between the sire of test specimens and R-curve behavior, the applicability of small test specimens for the fracture resistance determination in ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) was investigated.


This book is the first comprehensive study of Ezra Pound's Fifth Decad of Cantos (1937). It analyzes the genesis, structure and context of Pound's complex work, particularly how he transformed historical details into poetry. All ten Cantos of the Fifth Decad are treated broadly, making them accessible to scholars and students. In addition, this study provides an in-depth overview of the work's intellectual context--of Pound's economic ideas, his fascist allegiances, political ideals and his obsession with populist conspiracy theories. Finally the book outlines a a future edition of the Fifth Decad.


A mixture of Arasan 75 and Endrin 50W was tried in two concentrations on acorns of Shumard oak (Quercus shumardii) and swamp chestnut oak (Q. michauxii) to determine its effectiveness in protecting acorns from damage by gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) and cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus). Treated and untreated acorns were exposed to 12 gray squirrels and 12 cotton rats in a series of cage tests. The repellent was effective against both squirrels and cotton rats when untreated acorns were also available. It was quite effective against cotton rats, but not against squirrels, when only treated acorns were available. In periods of abundant alternate food supplies, a direct seeding of treated acorns should produce a good stand, but this may not be true under adverse food conditions. Attempts to restock cutover hardwood land by direct seeding with acorns have often failed. Many biological factors may contribute to these failures, but rodents, which search out and dig up planted acorns, are probably most important (Klawitter 1959:157). Certain chemicals have shown promise for protecting tree seed from a variety of predators, including rodents. Mann (1957:12), D. G. Spencer (1959:1-2), H. J. Spencer (1959:63-64), and others determined that a mixture of Arasan 75 and Endrin 50W coated on pine seeds would repel both birds and rodents. Tests of the effectiveness of this mixture in protecting acorns from squirrels and cotton rats and its effects on seed germination were made near Charleston, South Carolina, at the Santee Experimental Forest of the Southeastern Forest Experiment Station in the fall of 1959. Tests of preferences of the squirrels and cotton rats for the acorns of Shumard and swamp chestnut oak were also made. The study was a cooperative project between the Southeastern Forest Experiment Station and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Asheville, North Carolina. We are indebted to all of the Experimental Forest personnel for their assistance, especially to W. P. LeGrande, Forest Superintendent; we are also indebted to H. J. Spencer of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Gainesville, Florida, for technical advice.


The Bachelor in Management and Leadership (BML) is a programme specifically designed for working adult learners in the field of management leadership. As part of their assessment, students have to complete a small research project, called the Major Piece of Work (MPW). The aim of this paper is to discuss the Major Piece of Work as a real example of integrated assessment in order to highlight the value of integrated assessment for adult learners. The first part of the paper comprises an explanation of the Major Piece of Work as an integrated assessment instrument, whilst the second part will focus on the results of a survey regarding the value of the Major Piece of Work highlighted by BML students.


Background: The quantitative relationship based on infection after total joint arthroplasty and perioperative blood glucose levels are not fully discussed.
Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between peri-operative hyperglycemia and infection after total joint arthroplasty by suggesting a cut-off value over which were the risk factor for postoperative infection.


In the Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) literature, the approaches to coherent and incoherent data interpretation are bifurcated. In this paper, we present a Scattering Power Factorization Framework using a geodesic distance (for measuring dissimilarity between two Kennaugh matrices) to obtain scattering power components corresponding to input scattering models for an observation. It can be applied to both incoherent/coherent form of data, making it more universal in its approach. In addition, it is flexible with respect to the number of input models, and presents a non-negative splitting of total backscattered power across all polarimetric channels. It is demonstrated for its efficacy on a coherent data set containing a sub-scene of ALOS 2 L-band image near Singapore, and an incoherent data set of RADARSAT 2 C-band covering the city of San Francisco.


Altmayer, et al., "Propofol Binding to Human Blood Proteins". Arzneim-Forsch/Drug Res. (1995) 45: 1053-1056. Anelli et al., "Smiles Rearrangement as a Tool for the Preparation of 5-(2-Hydroxyacyl)amino-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3benzenedicarboxamides: Main Pathway and Side Reactions." Tetra hedron (1997) 53:1 1919-11928. Aranyos, et al., "An Application of the Stille Coupling for the Prepa ration of Arylated Phthalonitriles and Phthalocyanines". Acta Chem. Scand. (1999) 53: 714-720. Bahner, et al., "Halogenated Aminobenzaldehydes and Aminostyrylquinolines". J. Org. Chem, 25 (1960) 2053-2055. Baker, William R. "Alkoxide-Accelerated Smiles Rearrangements. Synthesis of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)anilines from N-(2-Hydroxyethyl) (aryloxy)acetamides," J. Org. Chem. (1983) 48: 5140-5143. Bierbaum et al., "Hypotensive 1,2,4-Benzothiadiazines," J. Med. Chem. (1963) 6: 272-275. Claiborne et al., "Orally Efficacious NR2B-Selective NMDA Recep tor Antagonists." Bioorg. & Med. Chem. Lett. 13:697-700, 2003. Crich, et al., "Enantiospecific Synthesis with Amino Acids. Part 2. a-Alkylation of Tryptophan: A Chemical and Computational Inves tigation of Cyclic Tryptophan Tautomers'. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2 (1992) 2233-2240. Devroey, et al., "Successful in-vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer after treatment with recombinant human FSH'. Lancet 339 (1992) 1170-1171. Dondoni et al., "Twoand Three-Component Hantzsch Reaction Using C-Glycosylated Reagents. Approach to the Asymmetric Syn thesis of 1,4-Diyhydropyridines". Synlett (2002) 89-92. Dorrington & Armstrong, "Effects of FSH on Gonadal Functions'. Recent Prog. Horm. Res., 35 (1979) 301-342.


International Maritime Organization recognizes vessel-induced pollution as a global issue. The designation of the Baltic Sea as the special uncontaminated area was the beginning of the regulations for preventing marine pollution. In this regard, a process is needed which meets the provisions of MEPC. 227(64) for the specificity and constrained conditions of vessels, removes both nitrogen and phosphorus, requires convenient operation and low construction cost and is little affected by the load variation of inflow. This study used an SBR(sequencing batch reactor) and MBR(membrane bioreactor) combined process to iterate the stirring and aeration process and maintained the ratio of raw wastewater parameters (C:N:P) to be 10:3:1 in order to assess the quality and future availability of ultimate outflow in each time period of the stirring and aeration process. The removal efficiencies of COD and T-N exceeded 90% and 93% respectively. However, a detailed mechanism will be identified by a further study on nitrogen removal issues like DO aeration condition, stirring duration, ORP and NO3. As the removal efficiency of T-P exceeded 95%, the SBR and MBR process formed anaerobic and aerobic conditions without a separate coagulation process for removing phosphorus, thereby enabling easy phosphorus release and uptake. The optimal stirring and aeration condition seems to be 70–50 min. A further study will be efficiently conducted by focusing on the water quality criteria of the Maritime Environment Protect Committee. 227 (64) for E. coli and chlorine and a detailed mechanism.


The ability to accurately and consistently predict deformation of deep foundation pit in civil engineering is required by the designer and manager in planning and conducting construction activities. Since deformation of deep foundation pit that belongs to a multi-variable nonlinear system evolution with time-varying is vague and uncertain, it is prone to a certain degree of prediction errors. Thus a prediction model which adopts a fuzzy inference method provides a solution to fit the uncertain and vague properties of deep foundation pit's deformation. Furthermore, for its multi-variable and nonlinear characteristics with time-varying, a neural network based on multivariate phase space reconstruction is a feasible method. According to combination of these technologies above, multivariate time series predicting method for the deformation of deep foundation pit is studied, and an improved fuzzy neural network model is proposed based on multi-variable phase-space reconstruction technology for it. By the various time series delay and embedding dimension determined respectively in this model, the multi-variable series of excavation deformation for deep foundation pit have been done in the first phase space reconstruction. The neural network input extraction by the use of partial least squares regression method can be the strongest impact components. Finally non-linear fitting between the various components has been completed via the artificial neural network, which is also utilized to determine the significant fuzzy rules in fuzzy inference processes. With practical application for deformation prediction of deep foundation pit, the method's effectiveness has been verified. In addition, compared with the traditional BP network, fuzzy neural network has better convergence and accuracy.


The paper deals with the susceptibility of MOS power transistors to electromagnetic interference. The case of providing electric energy to a power load by means of a MOS power transistor connected in the low-side configuration is considered and radio-frequency interference is superimposed to the drain-source nominal voltage. The causes that lead to switch-on a power transistor driven to be switched-off (and viceversa) are highlighted and a new filtering circuit, which is inserted in the power transistor input loop, is shown. The effectiveness of the proposed filtering technique is proved by computer simulations and experimental test results.


State-of-the-art pedestrian detectors have achieved significant progress on non-occluded pedestrians, yet they are still struggling under heavy occlusions. The recent occlusion handling strategy of popular two-stage approaches is to build a two-branch architecture with the help of additional visible body annotations. Nonetheless, these methods still have some weaknesses. Either the two branches are trained independently with only score-level fusion, which cannot guarantee the detectors to learn robust enough pedestrian features. Or the attention mechanisms are exploited to only emphasize on the visible body features. However, the visible body features of heavily occluded pedestrians are concentrated on a relatively small area, which will easily cause missing detections. To address the above issues, we propose in this paper a novel Mutual-Supervised Feature Modulation (MSFM) network, to better handle occluded pedestrian detection. The key MSFM module in our network calculates the similarity loss of full body boxes and visible body boxes corresponding to the same pedestrian so that the full-body detector could learn more complete and robust pedestrian features with the assist of contextual features from the occluding parts. To facilitate the MSFM module, we also propose a novel two-branch architecture, consisting of a standard full body detection branch and an extra visible body classification branch. These two branches are trained in a mutual-supervised way with full body annotations and visible body annotations, respectively. To verify the effectiveness of our proposed method, extensive experiments are conducted on two challenging pedestrian datasets: Caltech and CityPersons, and our approach achieves superior performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods on both datasets, especially in heavy occlusion cases.


Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are placed at strategic nodes in an electrical power network to directly monitor nearby transmission lines and monitor further parts of the network through conservation of energy laws.Efficient placement of PMUs is modeled by the graph theoretic process called Power Domination (PD). This paper describes a Power Domination Toolbox (PDT) that efficiently identifies potential PMU locations. The PDT leverages the graph theoretic literature to reduce the complexity of determining optimal PMU placements by: reducing the size of the network (contraction), identification of preferred nodes, elimination of redundant nodes, assignment of a qualitative score to the remaining nodes, and parallel processing techniques. After pre-processing steps to reduce network size, current state-of-the-art PD techniques based on the minimum rank sage library (MRZG) are used to analyze the network. The PDT is an extension of MRZG in Python and maintains the compatibility of MRZG with SageMath. The PDT can identify minimum PMU placements for networks with hundreds of nodes on personal computers and can analyze larger networks on high performance computers. The PDT affords users the ability to investigate power domination on networks previously considered infeasible due to the number of nodes resulting in a prohibitively long run-time.


We derive an analytic solution for pulsed frequency conversion based on electromagnetically induced transparency or maximum coherence in resonant atomic vapors. In particular, drive-field and coherence depletion are taken into account. The solutions are obtained with the help of a Hamiltonian approach, which in the adiabatic limit allows one to reduce the full set of Maxwell-Bloch equations to simple canonical equations of Hamiltonian mechanics for the field variables. Adiabatic integrals of motion can be obtained and general expressions for the spatiotemporal evolution of field intensities derived. Optimum conditions for maximum conversion efficiency are identified and the physical mechanism of nonlinear conversion in the limit of drive-field and coherence depletion discussed.


An optimal control scheme is designed to improve repeatability by minimizing the loading effects induced by the common processing condition of placement of a semiconductor substrate at ambient temperature on a large thermal-mass bake plate at processing temperature. A model-based optimal controller is presented based on minimum time control strategy for minimizing the worst-case deviation from a nominal temperature set-point during the load disturbance condition. This results in a predictive controller that performs a pre- determined heating sequence prior to the arrival of the substrate as part of the resulting feedforward/feedback strategy to eliminate the load disturbance. The controller is easy to design and implement for conventional thermal processing equipment. The minimum time control formulation also makes it more suitable for on-line implementation such as automatic on-line tuning of feedforward controller. Experimental results are performed for a commercial conventional bake plate and depict an order-of-magnitude improvement in the settling time and the integral-square temperature error between the optimal predictive controller and a feedback controller for a typical load disturbance.


UD. Battle Shoes is the shoes manufacturing which is made of original leather. The company has been established in the last 20 years, and lately it is facing the sales volume problem. The decrease in the sales volume is because there are more imported shoes from China which is relatively cheap with many kinds of model. By considering that the company is using qualified, genuine and long lasting leather, therefore the price set by the company is not able to compete in the market price. Moreover, the quality of the shoes produced by UD. Battle Shoes is better than the imported goods. Based on this situation, the purpose of this research is to find out the influence of product quality, price and promotion toward the decision in purchasing the product produced by UD. Battle Shoes. The result of this research shows that "Product quality, product price and product promotion are simultaneously influence toward customers "purchase decision at UD. Battle Shoes". "The product quality significantly influences toward the customers purchase decision", "Product price does not significantly influence toward customers purchase decision", and "The product promotion influences toward customers" purchase decision".


Radiative energy transport in hot dense matter has been investigated in the sub-keV region. In a medium-Z element (aluminum), ionization burn-through has been observed. Burn-through speed is estimated to be 6 x 10/sup 5/ g/cm/sup 2/ sec or more at an x-ray intensity of 7.4 x 10/sup 12/ W/cm/sup 2/. At a high Z (gold), the spectral structure of transmitted x rays indicates the formation of an x-ray heat conduction band via absorption resonance. Penetration depth (rho ..delta..R) of radiative energy transport in Au is found to be 3--4 times larger than that in aluminum.


Introduction The efficacy of an expanded granular sludge blanket reactor (EGSB) can be directly correlated to the well-being of the granular matrix as it is the granular matrix which enables both carbon reduction and methane production (Siggins et al., 2011). Equally important are the process hydrodynamics which maximise treatment performance by promoting mass transfer through fluid pumping and the turbulence induced by gas formation within the granules (J.Wu et a.l, 2006). However, the granule structure is a dynamic environment bound together in a polymeric structure which in prone to attrition over time. This effect is exacerbated when EGSB are operated in non-ideal conditions. An example of this is the adaptation of EGSB to the treatment of temperate domestic wastewater which has gained significant attention in recent years (J.Wu et al, 2006). The low temperatures and low substrate concentrations of these wastewaters in temperate regions coupled to the high half saturation kinetic values (Ks), reduce the rate of anaerobic organic biodegradation increasing the risk of anaerobic community instability and the subsequent loss of granule structure. In addition to treatment performance problems, structural failure of the granule will result in bacterial washout. This study therefore develops analytical test methods following adaptation from those proposed by Pereboom (1997) to understand the strength of granules in process systems and subsequently to identify the granules integrity following exposure to process perturbation.


This study deals with the (4+2)-cycloaddition reactions of 4-π electron compounds with ketenes. Chloroketenes were generated in situ from the corresponding chlorinated acid chlorides in the presence of the ketenophiles. Chloro-, dichloro- and diphenylketenes reacted with 1-methoxy-3-trimethylsiloxy-l,3-butadiene, and 2,4-bis(trimethylsiloxy)-1,3-pentadiene to yield the corresponding dihydropyrans. The dihydropyrans yielded substituted 4-pyranones on hydrolysis.


Abstract The dependence of the Hall coefficient, R, on the state of order in the alloy Cu3Au has been observed at room temperature and at liquid nitrogen temperature. In the fully ordered state R > 0 while in the disordered state, R<0. Both the degree of long-range order and the size of the antiphase domains influence the magnitude of R and the dependence of R on both of these quantities has been measured. Even though the material within the domains is highly ordered, the interaction of an electron with a domain boundary causes it to contribute to the Hall coefficient as if it were moving in disordered material. In a qualitative way the dependence of R on the degree of long-range order can be understood in terms of the alteration of Brillouin zone structure which accompanies ordering in this alloy.


This research focuses on Capacity Building of Village Government Apparatus, Case Study of AekKorsik Village, AekKuo sub-district, the nature of this research is Descriptive. The  results  showed  that  the  ability  of  the  AekKorsik  Village  Government  Apparatus  in AekKuo District, North LabuhanBatu District had not been maximized, thus impacting the overall performance of the Village Government Apparatus. In this study, researchers found that in the Capacity Development of AekKorsik Village Government Apparatus using the on the job method through internships and mentoring, and using the off the job method that is done by involving employees in the education and other education provided by the Government. And I hope that the training provided will be able to further improve the competence of village officials.


Purpose To investigate the significance of p21,p27,p53 and Rb protein expression in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma.Methods The expression of p21,p27,p53 and Rb proteins was detected in 111 cases of gastric cancer,38 cases of dysplasia,47 cases of intestinal metaplasia,25 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis and 53 cases of normal gastric mucosa by EnVision immunohistochemistry.Results The highest expression level of p21 and p27 protein was observed in the atypical hyperplasia,followed by gastric cancer,and there were significant difference(P0.001)compared with the normal gastric mucosa.The expression of p21,p27,p53 and Rb proteins in gastric cancer was significantly higher than that in normal gastric mucosa(all P0.01).p21 and p27 protein expression was related to gastric cancer type and differentiation(P0.01).p53 expression level was related to patient's age,sex,tumor type and patient's survival rate.Rb protein expression in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients(P0.05).Significant correlations were found in the expression of p21,p27,p53 and Rb proteins.Conclusions The expression of p21,p27,p53 and Rb proteins might be a helpful marker for the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma,and these four proteins might play a synergistic role in the evaluation of the biology behavior of gastric carcinoma.


The importance of employing scaled down models in designing advanced composite structures has been gaining momentum in recent years. This study investigates problems associated with the design of scaled down models for vibration response. Such study is important since it provides the necessary scaling laws, and the factors which affect the accuracy of the scale models. The employment of similitude theory to establish similarity among structural systems can save considerable expense and time, provided that the proper scaling laws are found and validated. In this study a number of parametric studies are performed. The limitations and acceptable intervals of all parameters and corresponding scale factors are investigated. Particular emphasis is placed on the case of free vibration of cross-ply cylindrical shells. Both complete and partial similarity are discussed. This analytical study indicates that distorted models with a different number of layers and geometries than those of the prototype can predict the behaviour of the prototype with good accuracy.


ABSTRACT A catastrophic flood, which was the largest one in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River basin in 20th century, took place during July—August 1998. The densities and biomasses of three plant species (i.e., Potamogeton malaianus, Vallsineria spiralis and Carex cinerascens)in Poyang Lake, which links directly with the Changjiang River, were investigated after the flood and compared to those at several corresponding times before the flood. The results obtained from the comparative analysis showed that 1) density and biomass of each species changed significantly (p <0.01); 2) effects of the flood on the aboveground parts of each species were more serious than on the underground parts, especially of the submersed species; and 3) the flood influenced seriously the recovery of the submersed plants in the next year.


The MacroScale 2011 conference was held at the Swiss Federal Office of Metrology METAS from 4–6 October 2011, and was jointly organized by METAS and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt PTB. The conference subtitle 'Recent Developments in Traceable Dimensional Measurements' is reminiscent of a conference series which most recently took place in San Diego in 2005. It is intended that the MacroScale conference be held every three years at different locations worldwide. As the conference was organized under the auspices of CCL, the Consultative Committee for Length within the Metre Convention, it brought together 70 participants, mainly researchers from national metrology institutes, but also from academia and industry, representing 32 countries all together. It provided a forum for experts and scientists in the area of dimensional metrology for an exchange of information, for discussions and for the transfer of new results to the scientific community. The participants were encouraged to submit their papers to Measurement Science and Technology, and as a result we are delighted to present a selection in this special issue of MacroScale 2011. As in the previous conferences on 'Recent Developments in Traceable Dimensional Measurements' the focus of the MacroScale is on the highest level length measurements of objects ranging from µm to km in size and on their traceability to the SI unit of length. At the MacroScale 2011 the following fields were addressed: interferometry, calibration of length standards, coordinate metrology, form measurements, surface texture measurements, tactile, optical and electronic sensors for surface or structure localization, temperature and force measurements and angle metrology. A total of 31 oral and 17 poster presentations were given during the conference, demonstrating the progress in the development of instruments, in methods and algorithms, in the determination of measurement uncertainty as well as on results of international comparison measurements. During the conference many enthusiastic discussions took place and a huge interest was shown in the future progression of the MacroScale conference series. From the total of 48 contributions presented at the MacroScale 2011, a relatively large number of peer-reviewed articles (18) now finally appear in the present special issue of Measurement Science and Technology. The production of this issue has involved considerable effort made by many contributors. We would like to thank all the authors for their contributions, the referees for the time spent reviewing the contributions and their valuable comments, and the editor and publishing team of MST for their great support.


This paper describes the skewed analytical model of an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (AFPMSM) for further optimization process of a 10 kW/130 rpm slotted axial flux machine dedicated to wind energy application. The proposed model is based on the exact 2D solution of the magnetic field in the generator by solving the Maxwell's equations. This approach is very helpful to calculate accurately the magnetic field distribution in the machine with a reasonable computation time. The global quantities of the machine (inductances, EMF) are then calculated by using the winding functions technique. The developed model is finally used to study the influence of skewing on the main quantities (EMF, cogging torque, main torque) of a 10 kW/130 rpm, 14 poles AFPMSM dedicated for wind energy applications.


The current research was carried out during two successive seasons (2007 and 2008) on ten years old Black Monukka grapevines to disclose the role of some natural soil conditioners namely, humic acid (HA), Nile fertile (NF) and AM fungi (AM) in a single application or in combined mixture growth, root density and distribution, yield and quality of Black Monukka grapevines grown under calcareous soil in a private vineyard in Nobaria at Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road; the results showed that all different soil conditioners were effective but the treatment of humic acid at 15 ml/ vine (HA1) + Nile fertile at 200 g/ vine (NF1) + AM fungi gave the best results in comparison with other treatments and control. This treatment enhanced the growth characters namely total leaf area/ vine, shoot diameter and coefficient of wood ripening, total chlorophyll, NPK% of the leaves and total carbohydrates of the canes. Also, the vines of this treatment produced the heighest fibrous root fresh weight, larger number and longest fibrous root. With respect to microbiological activity in the rhizosphere, it was noticed that the best AM infection %, no. of AM spores /g dry soil, total microbial count, phosphatase and dehydrogenase enzymes activity were obtained by the same treatment. From the economic point of view, this treatment was accompanied by the highest yield and best its components namely physical and chemical characteristics of bunches and berries. Under such promising treatment the adverse effects of calcareous soil on growth and production of vines could be overcome. (Journal of American Science. 2010;6(12):253-263). (ISSN: 1545-1003).


Baiyangdian lake is typical macrophytic lake, located in North China. With the economic and social development, as well as the impact of global climate change, the water pollution problem has been being a serious impact on the salubrious development of regional ecosystems. The local government has adopted a change of water storage basin to approach to fundamentally solve the problems of water pollution with the ecological water transfer in lake basins. In this paper, collecting the typical water pollutants data before and after ecological water transfer, using of ArcGIS software we have researched the diffusion mode and the enrichment regulation of the water pollutants from the perspective of spatial distribution caused by the ecological water transfer. The results show that there has a strong detention of the pollutants spread in Baiyangdian lake. With the ecological water transfer, there is a positive significance onto the local water deterioration, but not a fundamental solution onto the whole lake environmental issues. It still needs to develop the integrated control-rehabilitation managements and technologies for water pollutants combined with special land-water broken terrain and the local climate in Baiyangdian lake.


On 9 April 2006, it is the two hundred-birth anniversary ot' lsambard Kingdom Brunel (l806 to 1 859), a great engineer of the Victorian Age. There will be, in Great Britain and in Japan also, some ce]ebrations for his achievements. In this presentation, our discussion points will be: why does Brune] attract us noiN'? through the comparative views of stand points: 19th vs 21st, Great Britain vs japan. technology vs society, conservative vs progressive, etc. In order to the comparative studies on Brune] and Shimazu Nariakira (1809 to ]858), a Japanese `daimyo' lord ofSatsuma in the same


Objective To discuss the role of Beclin1 gene in autophagy and apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation in MCF - 7 cells. Methods MTT assay was used to detect the influence of cells proliferation when beclin-1 gene was over expression and interference. Flow cytometric analysis detected the change of MCF - 7 cells apoptosis after irradiating by X-ray. Western blot method detected total protein changes of beclin - 1. Results Beclin-1 gene was interferred partly, the amount of protein expression of MCF-7-beclin1Ri cells reached to the lowest at 4 h, rose at 8 h, got to the most at 16 h and decreased at 32 h, but still held at higher level;Beclin-1 gene over-expression, the amount of protein expression increased gradually with the extension of time, and got to peak at 32 h. Conclusions Ionizing radiation can stimulate beclin-1 and exist relations of dose - effects in MCF-7 cells.


A regional adaptive and assimilative three-dimensional (3D) ionospheric model is proposed. It is able to ingest real-time data from different ionosondes, providing the ionospheric bottomside plasma frequency ƒ p over the Italian area. The model is constructed on the basis of empirical values for a set of ionospheric parameters P i[base] over the considered region, some of which are assigned a variation ΔP i . The values for the ionospheric parameters actually observed at a given time at a given site will thus be P i = P i[base] +ΔP i . These P i values are used as input of an electron density N(h) profiler. The latter is derived from the Advanced Ionospheric Profiler (AIP), which is software used by Autoscala as part of the process of automatic inversion of ionogram traces. The 3D model ingests ionosonde data by minimizing the root-mean-square deviation between the observed and modeled values of ƒ p (h) profiles obtained from the associated N(h) values at the points where observations are available. The ΔP i values are obtained through such a minimization procedure. The 3D model is tested using data collected at the ionospheric stations of Rome (41.8 N, 12.5 E) and Gibilmanna (37.9 N, 14.0 E), and then comparing the results against data from the ionospheric station of San Vito dei Normanni (40.6 N, 18.0 E). The software developed is able to produce maps of the critical frequencies ƒ o F 2 and ƒ o F 1 , and of ƒ p at a fixed altitude, with transverse and longitudinal cross-sections of the bottomside ionosphere in a color scale. ƒ p (h) and associated simulated ordinary ionogram traces can easily be produced for any geographic location within the Italian region. ƒ p values within the volume in question can be also provided.


The present invention discloses a system for constructing a video service cloud video service agent with the distal end of the support cloud video, multimedia includes a plurality of remote terminal service, cloud service platform and platform video multimedia remote service terminal and internet video services via the cloud platform signal is connected, a multimedia terminal comprises a remote authentication service recognition unit, a service selection unit, an electronic signature unit, a charging unit, a user input unit, an information presentation unit, and a video calling unit operation comprising a plurality of internet service processing unit, the video service cloud internet unit includes a video and video queuing scheduling signaling switching means, authentication means for recognizing the identity of the user's identification and authentication, and starts a service selection unit, when the identification and authentication is successful. The present invention can solve the existing types of outlets, low seats or government service at the front desk present in the system of customer satisfaction, agent busy uneven, serious waste of resources, business process inefficiencies technical problems.


Diplomatic Immunities — Scope of — Embassy Staff — Assistant to Naval Attaché — Immunity of — The Law of Ceylon.


To reveal the spatial variability of soil heavy metals under the influence of urban expansion, Yingxing city of Jiangsu province was selected as study area. Three transects were arranged in the urban-rural ecotone. 24 surface soil samples were collected. And the contents of heavy metals including Hg、Pb、Cu and Zn were measured and analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) Hg contamination and Pb, Cu accumulation phenomenon had taken place in soil of some area of urban-rural ecotone; (2) Urban expansion had more influence on Hg content and Pb content than Cu content and Zn content. Also the formers had more complex spatial distributions; (3) The contents of Hg, Pb and Cu were zonal anisotropic in the space, and that of Zn was geometric anisotropy. The four elements were different significantly in the characteristics of migration and accumulation in different direction of the urban expansion.


The invention relates to a valve arrangement for manipulating at least one fluid flow, having a control device (17) and having at least one valve device (18), wherein the control device (17) has a bus interface (20) for a connection to a bus communication system (5) for receiving movement commands, a processing device (21) for processing the movement commands so as to generate control commands for valve devices (18), and at least one connection device (22, 23, 24, 25) for the electrical coupling of valve devices (18), and wherein the at least one valve device (18) is electrically connected to one of the connection devices (22, 23, 24, 25) of the control device (17) and comprises a processing means (28) which is designed to process the control commands, wherein the processing means (28) is assigned at least one first connection means (33) for the electrical coupling of valves (51a to 51h) and at least one second connection means (40) for the electrical coupling of sensor means (36, 37, 9, 10, 11, 12), and wherein the processing means (28) is designed for associating sensor signals of connected sensor means (36, 37, 9, 10, 11, 12) with the control commands.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: Intravenous lidocaine can alleviate painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in some patients. Whether quantitative sensory testing (QST) can identify treatment responders has not been prospectively tested. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial comparing intravenous lidocaine to normal saline (placebo) for painful DPN. Thirty-four participants with painful DPN were enrolled and administered intravenous lidocaine (5 mg/kg ideal body weight) or placebo as a 40-minute infusion, after a battery of QST parameters were tested on the dorsal foot, with a 3-week washout period between infusions. Results: Thirty-one participants completed both study sessions and were included in the final analysis. Lidocaine resulted in a 51% pain reduction 60 to 120 minutes after infusion initiation, as assessed on a 0 to 10 numerical rating scale, while placebo resulted in a 33.5% pain reduction (difference=17.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9%-33.3%, P=0.03). Neither mechanical pain threshold, heat pain threshold, or any of the other measured QST parameters predicted the response to treatment. Lidocaine administration reduced mean Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory paresthesia/dysesthesia scores when compared with placebo by 1.29 points (95% CI, −2.03 to −0.55, P=0.001), and paroxysmal pain scores by 0.84 points (95% CI, −1.62 to −0.56, P=0.04), without significant changes in burning, pressing or evoked pain subscores. Discussion: While some participants reported therapeutic benefit from lidocaine administration, QST measures alone were not predictive of response to treatment. Further studies, powered to test more complex phenotypic interactions, are required to identify reliable predictors of response to pharmacotherapy in patients with DPN.


Summary This study uses the separability of the primary and multiple waves in the Radon domain to invert the filter coefficients at each point in the space-time profile, thereby suppressing the multiples using a two-dimensional nonstationary filtering technique. Compared with the parabolic Radon transform, it does not need to perform the inverse Radon transform, and alleviates the truncation effect caused by clearing the data in the Radon domain. Compared with two-dimensional nonstationary filtering, the uncertainty and subjectivity of filter design are avoided. Therefore, it is not just a simple combination of parabolic Radon transform and two-dimensional non-stationary filtering. Synthetic and field data examples show that this method has better ability of demultiple and amplitude preserving.


We introduce a new numerical method, based on plane-wave expansion method, to calculate the band structures of 2-dimensional periodic structures made of dispersive medium. As an example, we calculated band diagram of magnetic photonic crystals with dispersive permeability by the method. The results are the same as the other methods, but our method is highly convergent so saves a lot of running time. Besides, the method provides an intuitive means to study the effect of the magnetic field to the bandgap of the magnetic photonic crystals.


Many licensees in the {open_quotes}Class of `93{close_quotes} have not received a Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) license. As such, plans for passing minimum flows below dams or in bypass reaches have not been given much forethought. In many cases, at smaller capacity projects, low-level outlets or gates will most likely be used to pass the minimum flow. However, at larger capacity projects designed in the early 1900`s, low-level outlets or structures capable of conveying flow to the base of the dam were not installed. This was the case for Orange and Rockland Utilities, Inc (ORU) who received a FERC license in 1992 and was required to install bypass works in order to pass minimum flows below each dam. Licensees in the Class of `93 may also be requested by the FERC to evaluate the feasibility of passing minimum flows through turbines in order to offset some of the lost energy. Again, ORU conducted such a study on two projects where site conditions warranted such an evaluation. Several turbine types, and powerhouse layouts were evaluated as discussed in this paper. In short, ORU was confronted with a number of dilemmas that may be common to licensees in the Class of `93.more » This paper will shed some light on the design of low-level outlet works, how the design considered water quality parameters, some unique solutions for passing minimum flows, and the feasibility of installing minimum flow units.« less


n the first part of the study developments of factor shares in six advanced economies since the early 1960s are presented. Instead of focusing on the wage share, ie the share of national income that goes to employees, a broader measure is used to account for all labor income, the labor income share. In the second part a simple empirical approach is used to shed some light on the question why the labor share declined in the majority of countries looked at. The main objective is to identify what happened empirically in the first decade of the new century behind the scene, rather than giving a theoretical expla-nation for the declining shares. In this way the developments of the labor share can by analyzed in detail by decomposing changes of the constituent factors that built the nu-merator and the denominator of the labor income share. The increase of the factors that determine the distributive scope is then contrasted with the development of the factors which can use it.


and Michael HertlLioba Budinger, Nicole Neuser, Uwe Totzke, Hans F. Merkhttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/167/10/6038J Immunol€2001; 167:6038-6044; ;Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/167/10/6038.full#ref-list-1This article cites 29 articles, 9 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai.org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:


The paper introduces the latest trends in IT and the novel achievements of data science in breast cancer risk evaluation in support of personalized medicine. The idea of this publication is to present the summary and classification of breast cancer risk factors and available breast cancer risk evaluation models and tools. The goal is is to propose a bioinformatics knowledge data discovery (KDD) workflow for breast cancer risk evaluation defining the type of risks in three categories: high, increased and low risk. The breast cancer risk evaluation workflow will provide intelligent decision making in support of personalized therapy associated to the type of risk. The proposed workflow is planned to a be part of the operational phase of intelligent method for adaptive in silico knowledge data discovery where the computation is organized on the basis of integrated in silico KDD workflows as a part of the research project DN07/24, financially supported by the Bulgarian National Science Fund.The paper introduces the latest trends in IT and the novel achievements of data science in breast cancer risk evaluation in support of personalized medicine. The idea of this publication is to present the summary and classification of breast cancer risk factors and available breast cancer risk evaluation models and tools. The goal is is to propose a bioinformatics knowledge data discovery (KDD) workflow for breast cancer risk evaluation defining the type of risks in three categories: high, increased and low risk. The breast cancer risk evaluation workflow will provide intelligent decision making in support of personalized therapy associated to the type of risk. The proposed workflow is planned to a be part of the operational phase of intelligent method for adaptive in silico knowledge data discovery where the computation is organized on the basis of integrated in silico KDD workflows as a part of the research project DN07/24, financially supported by the Bulgarian National Science Fund.


Low noise amplifler (LNA), as the flrst stage of RF and microwave receivers, is a very important element in communication systems. It is imperative to accelerate the production process of the space LNA by developing the broadband LNA with high reliability. In this paper, a design method for space LNA is proposed. Compared with those LNA's designed by traditional ways using the same low noise element, the LNA's performance obtained here can be improved and 30% bandwidth is achieved in noise factor. 1. INTRODUCTION At present, the space LNA is made up of the packaged MESFET or HEMT. Because of the para- sitic efiects in packaged MESFET or HEMT itself, it is di-cult for electronic engineers to design broadband LNA. In this paper, a method for broad band LNA design is shown. Firstly, the resonance network is used as the LNA's input matching network. Secondly, by optimizing elements' values of the resonance network, the port impedance is matched to the optimal noise impedance of the low noise element in a broad band based on simulations and the broadband noise matching is obtained. A C-band two stages broadband LNA is designed on the basis of the authors' method. The circuit and EM simulation are showed by microstrip elements in Agilent ADS software, which proves the availability and practicality of the method. 2. DESIGN PROCEDURE 2.1. Source-Peaking and Analysis of FET At the beginning of LNA design, it is necessary to give a thorough analysis of the low noise FET which in the authors' design. Source-Peaking, a feedback method, will be applied. This is a brief introduction of Source-Peaking. Connect an inductor between the source and the ground and select an appropriate value of the inductor. This series process can change the S parameter and Noise parameter of FET (a little change in Noise Figure). These adjusted parameters make the design process easy to implement. We can get low noise and good VSWR simultaneously.


The present paper attempts to study the unbalanced fuzzy transportation problem so as to minimize the transportation cost of products when supply, demand and cost of the products are represented by fuzzy numbers. In this paper, authors use Roubast ranking technique to transform trapezoidal fuzzy numbers to crisp numbers and propose a new algorithm to find the fuzzy optimal solution of unbalanced fuzzy transportation problem. The proposed algorithm is more efficient than other existing algorithms like simple VAM and is illustrated via numerical example. Also, a comparison between the results of the new algorithm and the result of algorithm using simple VAM is provided.


Licentiate thesis submitted for official examination for the degree of Licentiate in Technology. ABSTRACT OF LICENTIATE THESIS Author Date Jarno Vähäniitty 10.2.2006 Pages 41 Title of thesis Do Small Software Companies Need Portfolio Management, Too? Professorship Professorship Code Information processing science T-76 Supervisor Reijo Sulonen Instructor Reijo Sulonen The majority of software companies offer both software products and professional services as means of sharing risk, supporting innovation, balancing cash flow and keeping the business running. However, the competences, resources and processes needed for conducting software product or service business are intrinsically different, and striking a balance is challenging. This may be the case especially in small software companies who rely on revenue for funding. In the field of managing new product development, the process for optimising resource allocation in terms of expected returns, strategic alignment, risk and the number of ongoing projects is known as portfolio management. However, portfolio management has been studied in the large company context, and currently little help seems to be available for the manager of a small workgroup faced with a wide range of responsibilities. This study explores whether small software companies who offer both products and services experience problems that stem from inadequate management of their product development portfolios. Through a systematic review of the INSPEC and ABI/INFORM databases, we identified 42 interrelated problems that are associated with inadequate portfolio management. We organised the problems into three layers from the perspective of causality (symptoms, intermediate causes and root causes) and into 13 categories according to similarity. The categories are failures and disappointments, inefficient resourcing, slipping schedules, lack of focus, late decision-making, problems' real causes not recognised, bad multitasking, overcommitted resources, indecision, politics over strategy, inappropriate organisation structure, inadequate process for portfolio management and backfiring incentives. We compared the problems found from the literature with the project management related problems and challenges in four small software companies. Our case companies did not explicitly practice portfolio management. However, their problems seemed very similar to the problems that in the literature are associated with inadequate portfolio management. Based on our sample, at least those small companies who offer both products and professional services and rely on revenue for funding, are very likely to experience problems that stem from inadequate portfolio management. We also presume that these kinds of companies would benefit from managing their development efforts as an explicit portfolio. Recommendations for further research in the small …