The author, a noted Japanese observer of Soviet and post-Soviet economic affairs, examines the investment crisis in Russia in light of data generated by Russian government statisticians. Presented are recalculations of contributions to the growth of Russia's gross domestic expenditure by end use, of fixed investments by sector and source of financing, as well as calculations in current rubles of the balance of savings and investments for the years 1989 through 1996. Concluding comments emphasize the flight of capital, the high costs of investments, and the concentration of bank resources on activities in the state bond market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: E21, E22, G24, O52.5 tables, 18 references.


A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence, intensity and risk factors of major gastrointestinal parasites of donkeys in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha district, Central Ethiopia. A total of 525 faecal samples were co-prologically examined for gastrointestinal parasites infections. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasite infestation was high (98.67%), with females more infested than males and majority of the donkeys had massive infestation (49.59%), as compared to those with moderate (27.21%) or light infestation (23.20%). The respective helminth parasites prevalence observed was: Strongyles (98.7%), Parascaris equorum (28.8%), Dictyocaulus arnfiedi (14.3%), Triodontophorus (13.14%), Cyathostomes (9.7%), Strongloides westeri (6.3%), Gastrodiscus aegypticus (5.0%), Anoplocephala (4.6%), Oxyurisequi (3.8%), Gastrophilus species (2.85%) and Fasciola species (1.76%). Of the examined, 80% had mixed infection with two or more parasites. Upon further coproculture analysis, the predominant larvae of GIT parasites recovered were: S. vulgaris, P. equorum, S. edentatus, T. axie, S. equinus and Dictyocaulus arnfieldi. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was higher in female donkeys than males with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between them. The results demonstrate that prevalence rate of gastrointestinal parasite infection was relatively higher in females, young and poor body conditioned donkeys than males, adult and good body condition scores. The results generated can inform the design of control strategies for helmenth infestation in donkeys. An immediate intervention seems an emphasis to awareness creation about the strategic deworming, animal welfare and management for control of helmenth infestation in donkeys.

 Key words: Ovo-culture, eggs per gram (EPG), faeces, intensity, gastrointestinal parasite, prevalence, Central Ethiopia.


The article presents the results of the typif ication of the demographic regions in the Sub-Panonian North-eastern Slovenia and compares them to the "demographicallv endangered regions" in Slovenia as defined by the Law on the promotion of the demographically endangered regions from the year 1990.


Negative thermal expansion material of Hafnium tungstate is rapidly synthesized by CO2 laser.The phase structure is characterized by Raman spectra,powder X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) respectively.The results show that the samples which are cubic structure with minor contents of orthorhombic phase and composed of nanostructures which grow horizontally on the surface.The nano-rods in the interior are composed of densely packed nano-crystallites with grain sizes around 10~50nm.


A simple synthesis of the novel 5-bromo-2-iodopyrimidine is described and examples are provided of the use of the compound in selective palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions with a wide range of arylboronic acids and alkynylzincs to give the efficient syntheses of many substituted pyrimidine compounds.


Review and Prospect of Chinese medicine in recent years both at home and abroad(including the single drug,compound or other component) the role of antioxidant research.


Considering the low frequency utility in HF communications, the paper proposes an approach to construct frequency graphic based on channel separation. It discusses the methods and strategies in frequency use. These help to improve HF communications.


Seventy-six children ages 3 to 5 were individually read two storybooks that had been specially formatted to contain salient printed words within the text, and illustrations and text on left or right-facing pages. The reader pointed to each word while reading to half of the children. After each book, children were asked to recognize elements of the illustrations and the specially formatted text elements from among a set of foils. Videotaped sessions were coded for the time children spent looking toward the pages with print versus illustrations. Analyses showed that the percentage of time looking at print was less than 2% in the no-pointing condition but increased with age. Pointing to the words increased print-looking time for all age groups and print target recognition for 4-year-olds. After controlling for receptive vocabulary, visual memory, and maturation associated with these scores, emergent orthography and letter-word identification predicted time looking at print and recognition of the print elements.


Collagen gives a moist state on the wound area to accelerate the wound healing process. Chitosan is a polymer as known as non-toxic, antibacterial, antifungal, biodegradable, and biocompatible materials. Combination of collagen and chitosan expected to be the  best biomaterials as a wound dressing for the healing process. The study aimed to determine cytotoxicity assay on collagen-chitosan wound dressing  sterilized by ultraviolet (UV) Light using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The test groups were divided into  K0, K1, K2, and K3 groups. K0 contained pure chitosan as a control group, K1 contained collagen 25%-chitosan 75%, K2 contained collagen 50%-chitosan 50%, K3 contained  collagen 75%-Chitosan 25%. Collagen extracted from skin and scalp of snakehead fish (Channa striata) then mixed with chitosan until formed collagen-chitosan wound dressing. This study used Brine Shrimp Level Test (BSLT) method with solution concentration 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm. Based on the results showed that K0, K1, K2, and K3 group had LC50 >1000 that proven collagen-chitosan wound dressing was non-toxic materials. As conclusion of the study explained composite wound dressing based on collagen-chitosan in all groups that sterilized under UV-Light along 15 minutes was not toxic based on Brine Shrimp Lethality Test showed LC50 >1000.


Learning in the Semarang Nonformal Education Unit Sanggar Kegiatan Belajar (SKB) equality education especially the package C program focuses more on students or learning citizens, namely the occurrence of the learning process. The diversity of the backgrounds of the learning community makes participation in the learning process and the learning outcomes of each learning citizen more varied. In the learning process the learning climate created by tutors is more centered on learning centers. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze Package C learning. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques include data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Check the validity of the data using source triangulation and methods. The results of the study show that the learning plan of the Package C Program includes: formulating learning objectives, teaching materials, methods, learning resources and establishing assessment of learning outcomes. Implementation involves three steps, namely introduction, core and closing. The learning evaluation that is apllied is summative and formative evaluation.


It is shown by X-ray crystallography that 2-nitrosoquinoxaline crystallizes as a dimer, the structure of which is established. In solution the monomeric form predominates and the dimerisation equil...


The historiographic review of works and scientific reports collected by the participants of expedition is carried out in professor A.I. Gogolevs article Ethnographic researches of the participants of the Yakyt expedition. The expedition was dedicated to ethnographic studying of the USSR within 1925-1929.


5550 Background: Most of stage IV papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is initially unresectable due to invading surrounding structures, and is also commonly resistant to standard radio- or chemo-ther...


The protection and development of the ecological environment must be regarded as the main priority in the sustainable development of urban areas. Principles of landscape ecology offer a theoretical framework for ecological regulation through the optimization of landscape pattern. Since the 1960s, many different landscape eco planning approaches have been developed, including McHargian approach to landscape planning based on an analysis of the ecological suitability, ecosystem development strategy based on systematic theory, and landscape pattern planning based on optimization of landscape spatial structure. The objective of this paper is to propose a structure for the development of a rational and natural ecosystem in Shenzhen, through ecological sensitivity and suitability analysis and the combined use of landscape pattern optimization, to guide the optimum arrangement of land use and spatial resources in the city and the region, ensuring the normal function of ecosystem services. Spatial approaches to ecological regulation in urban areas, aim to create a harmonious balance between natural ecological space and urban development space through ecological sensitivity and suitability analysis. They also utilize landscape pattern planning to configure the natural ecological and urban development spaces to strengthen the ecological connection, ensure the normal function of ecosystem services, and promote sustainable development in urban areas. The integrated application of landscape eco planning approaches, not only considers the vertical match of landscape units, but also pays close attention to the horizontal spatial pattern of the whole landscape. It is the feasible approach to ecological regulation. Shenzhen is one of the fastest growing areas in China, and the regional landscape has changed dramatically in the past 20 years associated with rapid economic growth. This has caused many ecological and land use problems. Urban development conflicts with the capacity of environmental resources. As the area of natural landscape has dwindled, the natural habitats have become more simple. Water source protection zones have been occupied by urban construction, and water resources have been polluted seriously. This case study explains the spatial configuration relationship between natural ecological and urban development spaces in Shenzhen through ecological sensitivity and suitability analysis. Sixty percentage of the 1952 km 2 of land in the whole region is covered with urban ecological space, as the environmental background of the city. The urban built up areas are wedged in this ecological space. The whole ecological structure in Shenzhen is divided into natural ecological space, urban development space and ecological corridors. Urban development space carries out the culture support function. Natural ecological space carries out the environmental service and biological production function. Ecological corridor strengthens the ecological connection, raises the stability of the ecosystem, and prevents the unorganized sprawl of urban development space. Urban built up areas are inlayed in the natural ecological matrix, linked to each other through ecological corridors. This case study indicates that principles of landscape ecology could be applied to practice rationally with the integrated application of landscape ecological planning approaches.


The long term sealing of porous anodic films, formed on aluminium in phosphoric acid, has been studied by electron microscopical examination of replicas taken from fracture sections of the film. Se...


Recently, latent vector embedding has become a research hotspot, with its great representative ability to measure the latent relationships among different views. However, most researches utilize the inner product of latent vectors as the representation of relationships, and they develop some embedding models based on this theory. In this paper, we take deep insight into the existing embedding models and find that utilizing the inner product may increase several problems: 1) in latent space, the inner product among three vectors may violate triangle principle; 2) the inner product cannot measure the relationships between vectors in the same category, such as user and user and item and item; and 3) the inner product cannot catch the collaborative relationships (user–user and item–item) for collaborative filtering. Along with this line, we propose a latent vector embedding model for collaborative filtering: latent dual metric embedding (LDME), which utilizes the dual-Euclidean distance in latent space, instead of the inner product, to represent different types of relationships (user–user, item–item, and user–item) with a uniform framework. Specifically, we design an embedding loss function in LDME, which can measure the close and remote relationships between entities, tackle the above problems, and achieve a more clear, well-explained embedding result. Extensive experiments are conducted on several real-world datasets (Amazon, Yelp, Taobao, and Jingdong), where the expiring results demonstrate that LDME can overperform some state-of-the-art user–item embedding models and can benefit the existing collaborative filtering models.


Abstract: Methotrexate (MTX) has been used successfully as an immunosuppressant in rodent xenotransplantation models, but the data generated so far with MTX in pig‐to‐baboon cardiac transplantation studies have been disappointing. The potential of this agent was consequently explored in a life‐supporting pig‐to‐primate renal model using the cynomolgus monkey as the recipient species. Introductory in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies with MTX were conducted in three cynomolgus monkeys. Subsequently,10 cynomolgus monkey recipients of a life‐supporting kidney from human decay‐accelerating factor transgenic pigs were administered MTX intravenously according to three different regimens. All the animals also received cyclosporine A and steroids. In addition, mycophenolate sodium (MPS) was administered post‐operatively in two of the three groups of transplanted animals. At clinically relevant concentrations, MTX is able in vitro to inhibit the mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) in cynomolgus monkeys. After intravenous administration, moreover, exposure of cynomolgus monkeys to MTX appeared to be higher than had been previously reported in baboons. Graft function was observed in the transplanted animals, which survived from 0 to 41 days. All but two animals revealed acute humoral rejection in the explanted graft and developed diarrhea. Diarrhea was the cause of euthanasia in five cases. It was unrelated to the administration of MPS and associated with severe histopathological signs of enteritis. This study demonstrates that the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of MTX vary substantially between non‐human primate species. In vitro, MTX has immunosuppressive properties in the cynomolgus monkey at clinically relevant concentrations. In vivo, MTX has a very narrow therapeutic window in cynomolgus monkeys, however, as it does in baboons. We conclude that MTX is scarcely effective as an immunosuppressant, be it for induction or maintenance, in pig‐to‐cynomolgus monkey renal xenotransplantation.


SYNOPSIS The PC Superlite 2.0 is a research tool which can handle with sufficient accuracy a complex room under different sky conditions (C.I.E. clear sky with direct sun, clear without direct sun, overcast sky, uniform sky), also modelling exterior shading surfaces and nearby buildings. In particular the input file requires a series of numbers that describe for instance the geometry of the room being studied and the weather data; this involves a "waste time" in deciphering and consulting the accompanying manual. The output file also requires supplemental work to show the results in tabular or graphic form. A great amount of time is invested to learn how to use and then manipulate the program. A new simple software tool was developed to aid architects and designers in daylighting analysis. The software, written in Microsoft Visual Basic programing system version 3.0 for Windows 3.1 or later, permits an easy and fast input file management, with a user friendly interface and comprehensive help on line. The ...


Water resources management in the country has been confronted with conflicts over the last years due to increasing demand on one hand and decreasing renewable water per capita on the other hand. The game theory is one of the scientific methods for resolving conflicts in management. The purpose of this study is to investigate and provide a solution to the conflict resolution of downstream part of Sefidrud dam using game theory. For modeling and analysis of the conflict, Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR) was used. After determining players (Agricultural Jihad Organization, Regional Water Company, Farmers, Governorate and Environmental Organization) and options and inserting them into the model, 128 states were created in this conflict. It uses non-cooperative solution concepts. With regard to prioritize strategies by decision-makers, 4 situations were identified as equilibrium points. After the final analysis of the software ، the most favorable state in the conflict between the points of equilibrium was the state of 96 that the farmers and the regional water company, respectively, have observed alternative irrigation and proper distribution of water required According to the results, solving these conflicts without effective governance in the large Sefidrud watershed is not possible due to the cooperation between the exploiters and the punishment of the offenders.


Abstract Finite element analysis (FEA) is a robust and widely exploited 20th-century approach to the computational approximation of partial differential equations, particularly for continuum mechanics. Geometric morphometrics (GMM), a more recent methodology, blends tools from computer vision and multivariate statistics in a toolkit for pattern analysis of shape variation that has been applied extensively in conjunction with deformable-template methods since 1990, especially within organismal biology and medical imaging. In the absence of any canonical statistical method for finite-element studies, the possibility of a bridge between GMM and FEA is becoming a focus of active concern in several contemporary biosciences. The two existing traditions agree on the centrality of the biharmonic equation but differ in representations of the geometry of space, in many details of boundary condition specification, in the role of the uniform (affine) strains, and in the constraints linking changes of multiple coordinates. This speculative essay reviews some preliminary issues arising in the course of attempts to construct a preliminary synthesis along these lines for application to data sets comprising multiple instances of the same design or Bauplan that can be characterized by variation of a shorter or longer vector of scalar parameters. An approach to this goal is demonstrated according to which the GMM toolkit is represented by a nonstandard version of its sufficient scalar statistic, Procrustes distance, while the FEA domain is represented by a less-familiar summary statistic, the net strain energy stored in the deformed configuration. The approaches are compared by recourse to an ancient example, the Euler–Bernoulli analysis of a cantilevered beam, for which the net strain energy can be computed by a simple geometric analysis of the same parameters that specify the strain being simulated. The finding is rather surprising: for simulations involving constant load at the end of the beam, strain energy and Procrustes distance are exactly proportional. This simplicity argues for the centrality of this pair of scalar summaries over any more extensive multivariate vector representation of the deformations being studied. A concluding comment sketches extensions to other biomathematically relevant scenarios for which analytic solutions can be approximated from the technical literature.


The problems encountered in the application of tilt derivative method to aeromagnetic data processing have been analyzed in this paper.Influenced by the shallow-source interference field,the shape of the aeromagnetic data anomaly processed by the tilt derivative method is complex.An improved method that combines the upward continuation with tilt derivative is therefore put forward in this paper.With practical examples,this paper deals with the problems that are worthy of attention in the application of tilt derivative method to aeromagnetic data processing.The improved method can fully manifest the advantages of the aeromagnetic data in the aspect of geological data interpretation.


This paper describes an explicit leapfrog scheme that is stabilized for an arbitrary time step size in the fast transient simulation of a power delivery network (PDN). A time step size used in a basic explicit leapfrog scheme becomes too small if there exist extremely-small reactances in a circuit. Because such small reactances are usually extracted from small meshes, the basic leapfrog scheme is not suitable for the simulation including electrically-small objects, such as small apertures on a conductor plane of a PDN. The proposed stabilized leapfrog scheme can remove instability related to the low reactances and enables to use a relatively-large time step size which is not limited by a numerical stability condition. The proposed method is applied to the transient simulation of an example PDN to demonstrate its accuracy and efficiency. Numerical results show that our approach successfully avoids the time step size limitation and can perform much faster simulation than existing solvers.


Copper hydride and deuteride were reinvestigated by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction, revealing a pronounced phase width with respect to the hydrogen (deuterium) content. Synthesis from aqueous copper(II) sulfate with hypophosphoric acid solutions yields samples with a broad distribution of compositions and variations of up to 6.5 % in unit cell volume. The result is a metrical distortion with (hkl) dependent asymmetry and broadening of powder diffraction reflections. Patterns of such samples were described using a model with five copper hydride (deuteride) phases with different lattice parameters. A method for developing and refining reasonable multiphase models despite high correlation of parameters is described. Simultaneous refinement on X-ray and neutron powder diffraction on a deuteride sample suggests a statistical occupation of deuterium on less than half of the tetrahedral voids of a hexagonal close packing of copper atoms [P63/mmc, a = 2.9024(5) A, c = 4.632(2) A, Cu in 2c, D in 4f with z = 0.6497(8), deuterium occupation 0.368(6)]. The reaction of aqueous copper(II) chloride with sodium boronate solutions yields copper hydride with a stoichiometric composition [P63/mmc, a = 2.8777(3) A, c = 4.570(1) A, Cu in 2c, H in 4f with z = 0.640(1), hydrogen occupation 1/2]. The structures are isotypic to ScD0.33 and reveal a surprising analogy to lanthanide hydrides.


Asthma is the most common chronic illness in children. Re-admissions to hospital are common and asthma has a significant impact on children and their families. The purpose of this study was to desc ...


Abstract We present the problems posed at the special session of the International Workshop on Algebraic Combinatorics (ALCOM-91), held in Vladimir, Russia, on 6-17 August 1991. The problems are arranged into 4 sections by their subjects: association schemes, geometries, graphs and the theory of computation. To the problems posed at the session we adjoin a problem by L. Babai that is closely related to the problem formulated by L. Pyber. A question about the dimension of the universal natural representation of the tilde geometry associated with Held's group was posed at the session. Soon after the workshop the question was answered by one of the participants, namely B. D. McKay, who determined by computer the GF(2)-corank of a system of 437,325 equations over 29,155 variables. The dimension of the universal representation, equal to this corank, turned out to be 52. A 51-dimensional representation of the geometry was known previously [10].


A rheo-optical investigation has been carried out on a sample of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in an attempt to examine the nature of the α-relaxation mechanism. Dynamic mechanical and bi-refringence behavior was measured over the frequency range of 0.008-4.3 Hz and temperature range −40 to 100°C. The dynamic mechanical and birefringence data were reduced to a reference temperature of 50°C by a combination of horizontal and vertical superposition. The significance of the vertical shift factor has been discussed extensively in previous papers and is not dealt with here. An Arrhenius plot was made of the log of the horizontal shift factor versus reciprocal temperature for the mechanical and optical data. The mechanical data exhibited three distinct regions, the slopes of which led to activation energies of 70, 90, and 150 kJ mol−1. The temperature at which these dispersions occurred suggested the observation of the β, α1, and α2 relaxation processes. The optical data contained two distinct regions from which activation energies of 55 and 95 kJ mol−1 were obtained. The high-temperature α2 process was not observed in the Arrhenius plot; however, a maximum in K′ and a change in sign of K″ probably reflects a contribution from the α2 relaxation mechanism.


This paper presents a novel end-to-end system for pedestrian detection using Dynamic Vision Sensors (DVSs). We target applications where multiple sensors transmit data to a local processing unit, which executes a detection algorithm. Our system is composed of (i) a near-chip event filter that compresses and denoises the event stream from the DVS, and (ii) a Binary Neural Network (BNN) detection module that runs on a low-computation edge computing device (in our case a STM32F4 microcontroller). We present the system architecture and provide an end-to-end implementation for pedestrian detection in an office environment. Our implementation reduces transmission size by up to 99.6% compared to transmitting the raw event stream. Our detector is able to perform a detection every 450 ms, with an overall testing F1 score of 83%. The low bandwidth and energy properties of our system make it ideal for IoT applications.


Selected resources for finding books, articles, and more on topics in the areas of sociology and social work. Social Work With American Indians


Most of us would agree that meteorologists need to improve the accuracy of their local forecasts. When planning and executing a highly public event-like the 1996 Centennial Olympic Games-where the weather can affect the activities, accurate forecasts become urgent. To improve the accuracy of forecasts for this year's games in Atlanta, the National Weather Service (NWS) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides meteorological data plus warning and forecast services. The NWS aims to achieve an unprecedented level of precision in forecasting the weather at the Olympic games in Atlanta, using a number of new technologies, such as correlative 3D visualizations and a key mesoscale model-the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS).


Even in protected areas, it is inevitable that any human use will produce some impact on the natural resources. The present study sought to identify visitors' tolerance for potential negative ecological impacts resulting from tourism activities and facilities in a Norwegian national park context. The measurements were based on park visitors' expressed degree of acceptance of negative effects on particular species of wildlife (wild reindeer and raptors) and on vegetation. Attitudes were analysed through the use of four psychographic scales, reflecting respondents' nature orientations, their specific facility desires, their preferences in a wilderness setting and their concerns about human interaction with the natural environment. Findings demonstrated that the psychographic scales explained more variation in attitudes than social background and trip characteristics. Higher levels of education among visitors were, however, strongly associated with increased ecological concern. The salient ecological awareness among park visitors in general (which was particularly expressed among highly educated individuals) signifies the potential strategic alliance between tourism and conservation interests.


Common industrial flowmeters were introduced and classified,such as differential pressure flowmeter,vortex flowmeter,turbine flowmeter,float flow meter,digital target type flowmeter,electromagnetic flowmeter,ultrasonic flowmeter.Characteristics and application scope of different flowmeters were discussed.The differential pressure type flow meter has advantages of simple and stable structure,long life,but has disadvantages of low measuring progress,environmental restriction.Vortex,turbine flowmeter can measure some varieties of media without the parameter influence,but the turbine flowmeter is easily blocked.Float flow meter has the advantages of low pressure loss and stable,can measure low flow medium,but it is not suitable for the measurement of fluid with particle.Digital fluid flowmeter has high temperature resistance characteristic,but has high requirement for medium.Electromagnetic flow meter and target type flowmeter are complementary.Ultrasonic flowmeter can measure various media,but the technology remains to be improved.


The advanced oxidation processes were examined toward the degradation of thymine (C 5 H 6 N 2 O 2 ), a type of nucleic acid from the pyrimidine family. As observed, the photodegradation of thymine over TiO 2 photocatalyst was rapid and significant in aqueous solution under UV irradiation. Different parameters were studied, including the adsorption of thymine onto TiO 2 photocatalyst, the kinetics of degradation, and the effect of pH on the photocatalytic properties of thymine degradation. Addi‐ tionally, the mineralization of the products obtained upon thymine photodegradation was studied. The disappearance and mineralization rates of thymine during the photocatalytic process were also compared and discussed. The mineralization of nitrogen was also investigated, and the identifica‐ tion of the intermediate products was established. Finally, electronic density calculations were used to propose possible chemical pathways for the photodegradation of thymine over TiO 2 photocata‐ lyst under UV irradiation.


This paper describes a semi-automated conductive ink process used for packaging MEMS devices. The method is applied to packaging of MEMS sensors for wind tunnel testing. The primary advantage of the method is a reduction in surface topology between the package and the integrated MEMS sensors. In this paper we explore the relationship between trace dimensions, resistivity, and deposition parameters such as feed rate, tip-substrate separation and tip diameter. Using this procedure it is possible to generate interconnects between a PC board and MEMS sensor chip with a topology of less than 25 micrometers.


The common pool resources are a very actual topic a proached by both scientists and practitioners preoccupied nowadays of gradually incr easing environmental problems. Protected areas in Romania and especially in Romanian Carpath ians of national and natural park type (IUCN II and V) represent areas of particular interes t in the light of the common pool resources theory imposing conservation laws on areas meeting a increased pressure from human communities around them. The important socio-econom ic and ownership changes that Romania met in the last decades changed its previous state unique ownership into a multiple stakeholder ownership. At the same time vulnerable human communi ties located in fragile mountain areas and depending to a high extent on natural resources m t an increased stress when exploiting natural resources at the border of protected areas. Consequently sharing the common pool of resources in the buffer zone of protected areas in the Romanian Carpathians represents a very actual and important topic to be treated in the pre sent study.


All phase symmetric frequency sampling method is put forward in this paper, which can setup shift variable according to the cut-off frequency. This method exerts inverse phase-shifts on two sub-filters, constructs a compensation filter, and at last combines sub-filters with compensation filter to form the needed low-pass, band-pass filter and notch filter. The design method is simple with a specific concept, and resolves the difficult problem of controlling the cut-off frequency accurately without changing the length of the filter in the traditional window method and frequency sampling method


In BIM processes, the concept of Common Data Environment - CDE - has often been depicted as a key element for successful collaboration and information sharing among different actors but, in current practice, acts as a mere documentation repository ineffective for true collaborative purposes. Therefore, the idea of CDE seems to be overrated on the one hand and unexploited on the other, while effective collaboration is still far from being decisively supported. To overcome this lack, the present research focuses on the definition of a new generation of CDEs, enhanced with an information level for knowledge integration provided by different information carriers such as models and datasets. The paper discusses its development through a graph database platform and dedicated methodologies for data retrieval and query, to verify coherence and consistency of information among different models.


Recent evidence suggests that chronic low back pain is associated with plastic changes in the brain that can be modified by neuromodulation strategies. This study investigated the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined simultaneously with peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) for pain relief, disability and global perception in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP).


A compact T-complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) antenna was developed. Different from traditional designs, the proposed CSRR functioned not only as a loading structure but also as a radiator. The operation of the T-CSRR antenna was similar to that of a slot antenna with a gain of 3.1 dBi. Because of the loading effect of the CSRR, the size of the radiator of the proposed antenna was only 0.14λ 0 × 0.26λ 0. The circuit sizes of the proposed T-CSRR antenna were 50% and 74% smaller than those of the traditional half-wavelength slot and T-shaped monopole antennas, respectively. For further gain enhancement, the performance of two feasible array arrangements, namely collinear and parallel arrays with 1 × 4 T-CSRR elements, were compared, which revealed that the parallel 1 × 4 T-CSRR antenna array can achieve a gain of 9 dBi at 2.45 GHz.


Due to the difficulty of employing real data centres' infrastructure for assessing the effectiveness of energy-aware algorithms, many researchers resort on using Cloud simulators. These tools require precise and detailed models for virtualized data centres in order to deliver accurate results. In recent years, many models have been proposed, but most of them either do not consider energy consumption related to virtual machine (VM) migration or ignore some of the energy-impacting components (e.g. CPU, network, storage). In this paper, we propose a new model for data centre energy consumption that takes into account these omitted components. We implement this model in a framework that combines two Cloud simulators: GroudSim that provides the Cloud management side, and DISSECT-CF that provides the internal infrastructure side. We evaluated our model in a comprehensive set of scenarios and obtained an accuracy between 8% and 22% for instantaneous power consumption, and between 8% and 25% for energy consumption.


Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was used to manage calculi in 49 renal units in 39 patients with spinal cord dysfunction. Of the kidneys, 18 had staghorn calculi, and 6 had multiple calculi greater than 1.5 cm. Twenty-four patients (62%) had undergone prior stone surgery, and 37 patients (95%) had colonized urine at the time of admission for ESWL. Preoperative placement of ureteral catheters, nephrostomy tubes, or both was carried out in 36 renal units (73%). Thirty-three renal units (67%) were rendered stone free with an average of 1.49 treatments with an average of 2340 shocks at 18 to 24 kV. Ten (56%) of the kidneys with staghorn calculi were rendered stone free. Twenty-one patients (54%) were managed successfully with one treatment. There were no serious complications, and minor complications were experienced with only 8 of 73 procedures (11%). Thus, ESWL proved to be safe and relatively effective in patients with spinal cord dysfunction, but the stone free rate was lower than that report...


The internet of things of universities is an important subject at university professional electronic and computer class talent development in the new stage of development, research its innovative training model has a very real sense. In this paper, theoverall development of universities to the status quo of things engineering, based on professional training at home and abroad bydrawing things engineering methods and innovative models, summed things engineering personnel training mode reform and innovation of the basic idea, to be able to professional development direction of things Engineering, student training mode, teaching infrastructure, construction of teachers and networking engineering students career planning inspire.


Project schedule control and quality control and investment control as the focus of the project construction element of control.It is to ensure projects completed on schedule,reasonable arrangements for the supply of resources,an important measure to save the project cost.Based on this,progress control on highway construction management analysis for the construction progress of work in enterprise control management,and provides reference and experience.


Abstract : The Air Force and in particular the Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC), has invested heavily in pollution prevention (P2) for the past several years. The objective of these investments was primarily to reduce the use of hazardous materials in accordance with Air Force goals. There was no regulatory requirement. During the same period, a concerted effort in the environmental compliance arena drastically reduced the number of permit noncompliances to a relatively low, static number. Many of these are difficult to resolve using conventional approaches. AFMC is now challenged with achieving complete environmental compliance in spite of rapidly declining budgets. AFMC recognizes that a new way of doing business is needed in order to achieve their objective: the overall reduction in costs and risks associated with environmental permits. The new business paradigm is Compliance Through Pollution Prevention (CTP).


The highest economic justification category for offshore production are the unmanned operations. Personnel located on offshore platforms require support facilities such as accommodation and catering facilities on the platform and helicopter and/or service boats support from onshore facilities. Even with unmanned or de-manned operations there exists a requirement to temporarily accommodate supporting facilities which would cover a minimum requirement and be designed to the ultimate safety standards. Innovative SCADA/DCS technological applications can have a direct influence on unmanned or de-manned offshore operations.In offshore applications, economic technical and safety considerations involve the cost benefits achieved by unmanned platform operations thereby providing substantial economic benefits in offshore operation.Some of the safety aspects arising from the Piper Alpha North Sea tragedy and the subsequent recommendations outlined in Lord Cullen's report are included in this study.


New products and small batch production entail a disproportionate amount of time is spent setting up auto- mated assembly tasks. We have designed and implemented an automation tool to radically reduce this time. The setup for assembly automation involves: assembly planning, fixture- tool selection and positioning as well as part loading. This automation tool provides the robot with the ability to provide a human operator with precise and convenient instructions to follow through augmented reality, while at the same time allowing the robot to read information supplied by the human operator's actions. In this way, a complex setup task can be collaboratively executed, while allowing both the robot and the human to do what each does best. Keywords-Augmented Reality (AR), setup for assembly au- tomation, Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), Robot-Human In- teraction (RHI), active vision, multi-initiative tasks. In this paper, a concept for a new tool allowing for semi- automated multi-initiative setups is presented. This concept should provide a basis for improving the existing setup- processes by combining the precision of the robot with the judgment of a human operator. The remainder of this paper is structured as follows: Section II discusses our approach to augmented reality applied to setups for robotic assembly. Section III illustrates the design and implementation of a new augmented reality tool, while section IV describes its general applications. Section V details two applications including guiding setups for robotic assemblies and part loading. Finally, sections VI and VII discuss future work and offer our conclusions.


ABSTRACT Mandatory inclusionary housing, which requires market-rate housing developments to include a proportion of affordable housing units, has the potential to deliver affordable housing in more affluent neighborhoods and create mixed-income communities. This study evaluates this potential effect in London, United Kingdom, where mandatory inclusionary housing has been implemented in all local authorities since the early 2000s. Comparing the spatial concentration and average neighborhood characteristics of affordable housing delivered under inclusionary housing and those created via conventional means (i.e., in the public or nonprofit sector), we find that a higher percentage of inclusionary affordable units are concentrated in a small number of neighborhoods, and both types of affordable units are more likely to be placed in disadvantaged neighborhoods than market-rate units are. We explore the ways in which local implementation of inclusionary housing could have allowed developers to shift some of the inclusionary affordable housing toward disadvantaged neighborhoods.


Objectives. As a a country with a high percentage of Internet users, the Internet plays a vital role in personal and family life in Vietnam. However, the abuse of the Internet has becoming a concerning issue with visual consequences. Therefore, this study reviews and examines relevant International and domestic publications to provide scientific evidences and foundation for the research on the influence of Internet use behaviour upon communication Vietnamese families and provides recommendations for improving parent and children communication via proper Internet usage. Material and methods. This study is based on the synthesis and analysis of documents related to communication and the behaviour of using the Internet in Vietnamese families. Seventy-six valuable studies related to the research topic were selected to provide important qualitative and quantitative data for making an appropriate and relevant assessment, ensuring the science and reliability of the research. Results. Internet use has relationships with communication in the family—Internet influences communication in the family positively and negatively. The positive change in communication manifests in diversifying forms of communication, the flexibility and convenience of communication is also increased. Negative changes focus on the limitation of direct interaction and chat that grows the generation gap and changes communication structure. In addition, the Internet is also linked to mental health problems. Conclusions. Internet utilization closely relates to the quality and effectiveness of communication between Vietnamese family members. Internet is ordinary and necessary in the current globalization context, but using the Internet effectively, is required to understand and master it. Family members need to properly understand the needs, purpose, and ways of using the Internet and its impacts on their family communication. Keywords: internet, internet usage behaviour, communication, vietnamese family, communication in the family.


A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model has been developed for an Anaerobic Membrane BioReactor (AnMBR) to treat industrial wastewater. Two models were created; (i) reactor and (ii) membrane. Different cases were conducted for each model, so the surroundings temperature and the total suspended solids (TSS) concentration were looked upon. For the reactor the most important aspects to consider were the dead zones and the mixing, while for the ceramic membrane was the shear stresses over the membrane surface. Results show that the reactor had an adequate mixing process and that the membrane presents higher shear stresses in the 'triangular' channel.


The EU-funded structural change project INTEGER has taken on a pioneering role at Siauliai University (SU) and in Lithuania as a whole. This project was fundamental to promote institutional transformation in a higher education institution. During the project's implementation, the Council elections were planned to take place. Considering the striking underrepresentation of women in the university's Council, the SU Council Election Tactics and Strategy Plan were developed within INTEGER in order to encourage a gender-balanced representation of the Council.


Abstract– A novel Integrated Vehicle Dynamics Control (IVDC) scheme is presented to coordinate active steering and braking subsystems. The multi-stage coordination scheme is based on the phase-plane Method. The first stage includes the high-level controller which integrates three individual controllers according to vehicle states in the phase plane. In the next stage, an optimized scheme is established to allocate the control objectives to individual braking and steering forces. To achieve this, an inequality-constrained optimization problem, including driver's brake demand, is solved analytically. Coefficients of the cost function are adapted based on the vehicle phaseplane trajectory to realize a proper coordination of braking and steering subsystems. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method to enhance the vehicle dynamics control.


Natural disasters are social and political phenomena. Social structures create vulnerability to natural hazards and governments are often seen as responsible for the effects of disasters. Do social ...


This paper compares five residuals-based tests for the null of no cointegration to identify which unit root test should be used when testing for cointegration. The tests are compared in terms of power and size distortions. The asymptotic distribution of the tests under the local alternative is shown to be a function of Brownian Motions and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, depending on a single nuisance parameter, which is, determined by the correlation at frequency zero of the independent variables with the errors of the cointegration regression. It is shown that no significant improvement can be achieved by using different unit root tests than the t-test originally proposed by Engle and Granger (1987).


Estrogen (17β-estradiol, E2) is one of the key regulators of growth, differentiation and physiological function in different tissues, including the heart. The effects of E2 are mainly mediated by estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta, which act in concert with many cofactors to mediate estrogenic effects. So far, only a few cofactors of ER have been described in the human heart. To gain a better understanding of E2-mediated ERα action in the human heart, we identified and characterized the novel interaction partners of ERα Yeast two hybrid screening of a human heart cDNA library revealed that ERα interacts with the cardiac myosin essential light chain isoform 4 (ALC1) in presence of E2. ALC1, as a member of contractile proteins, is expressed in the fetal heart and becomes restricted to the atria of the adult heart under physiological conditions, and is reexpressed in ventricle of adult hypertrophic hearts. This switch is accompanied by alteration of contractile performance, thus improving the heart function. Retransformation experiments showed that ALC1 interacts with full-length ERα and ERα-EF domain in presence of E2. The interaction of ERα with ALC1 was also confirmed by Co-IP in human atrium. Double irnmunofluorescence (IF) analysis of paraffin-embedded sections from human atrium tissues showed co-localization of ERα and ALC1 proteins in a striated sarcomeric pattern. Co-localization corresponds most likely to the H-zone of sarcomere. IF analysis of AC16 cells (a human cardiomyocytes cell line) showed that ERα and ALC1 were mainly localized in the cytoplasm in the absence of E2. However, E2 treatment of AC16 cells led to a translocation of ALC1 and ERα into the nuclei of AC16 cells, where they also co-localized. Expression analysis in AC16 cells showed that E2 increases the expression of ALC1 gene (MYL4). Using ERE-based luciferase reporter assays we showed that E2-induced interaction of ERα with the ALC1 represses the transcriptional activity of ERα. We characterize for the first time an E2-regulated interaction of ALC1 with ERα in cardiomyocytes that may be crucial in physiological and/or pathological processes by regulating of transcriptional activity of ERa in the heart and/or by modulating contractile properties of cardiomyocytes.


Precise coalification detenninations by means of vitrinite reflectance can provide data on the timing of structural events, as well as the approximate displacement and dislocation of the strata. The basis of this application is that coalification, which is the change from vegetable matter to coal, is controlled by geothennal heat related to the original depth of overburden, and the time during which the maximwn heat was present Examples of structural applications from Alberta and Nova Scotia are presented.


Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of simvastatin in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris.Methods 60 patients were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group to compare the alleviation time,change of ECG and LDL-C before and after the therapy.Results Compared statistically,LDL-C in the treatment group(2.26±1.99mmol/L) and in the control group(3.25±1.03mmol/L) after the therapy was significantly different(P0.01).Of the two groups,the effectiveness of angina relief in the treatment group was 96% compared with 80% in the control group.There were significant differences(P0.05).Conclusion Simvastatin plays an important role in the treatment of unstable pectoris angina.


Abstract Objective: International Journal of Audiology To study the developmental characteristics of sweep frequency impedance (SFI) measures in healthy infants from birth to 6 months. Design: All infants were assessed using high-frequency tympanometry (HFT), distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and SFI tests. SFI measures consisted of measurement of resonance frequency (RF) and mobility (ΔSPL) of the outer and middle ear. A mixed model analysis of variance was applied to the SFI data to examine the effect of age on RF and ΔSPL. Study sample: Study included 117 ears from 83 infants of different age groups from birth to 6 months. Results: The mean RF of the outer ear increased from 279 Hz at birth to 545 Hz at 4 months, whereas mean ΔSPL of the outer ear decreased from 7.9 dB at birth to 3.7 dB at 4 months of age. In contrast, the mean RF and ΔSPL of the middle ear did not change significantly with age up to 6 months. Conclusions: Developmental characteristics should be considered when evaluating the function of the outer and middle ear of young infants (≤6 months) using the SFI. The preliminary normative SFI data established in this study may be used to assist with the evaluation.


The effects of high temperature annealing on the stability of the intrinsic defects in unintentionally doped epitaxial 4H-SiC prepared by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) are studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) and low-temperature photoluminescence (PL). The results showed that the concentration of intrinsic defects increases with increasing annealing temperature and reaches its maximum at 1573 K, then decreases with the gradually increasing annealing temperature when annealing time is 10 min or 30 min. The annealing temperature has an important effect on the concentration of intrinsic defects in epitaxial semi-insulating 4H-SiC prepared by LPCVD, whics is attributed to the process of intrinsic defects being stabilized and the strong interaction between the intrinsic defects during annealing.


The size of a lung nodule is very diverse. The high variation of nodule sizes makes classifying them a difficult and challenging task. In this thesis, we propose four different Scale-Invariant Neural Networks for lung nodule classification. We examined our proposed methods on two different public datasets and compared their performance with state-of-the-art literature methods. The results show that the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods and achieves an AUC of 98.05% and accuracy of 95.28% on the LIDC-IDRI dataset. These results will lead to identifying lung cancer in its early stages.


The operator-splitting methods are based on splitting of the complex problem into a sequence of simpler tasks. A useful method is the iterative splitting method which ensures a consistent approximation in each step. In our paper, we suggest a new method which is based on the combination of the splitting time interval and the traditional iterative operator splitting. We analyse the local splitting error of the method. Numerical examples are given in order to demonstrate the method.


Monoolein (MO) cubic phases containing a hydrophobically modified poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were prepared by hydrating MO using the polymer solution. A copolymer of N-isopropylacryla- mide and octadecylacrylate (P(NIPAM-co-ODA)) was prepared as a hydrophobically modified PNIPAM; it included the cubic phase so that the content was 0.17 %. The copolymer was identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton NMR spectra. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymer was found to be 30∼32 o C through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). At the air/water interface, hydro- phobically modified PNIPAM was more surface-active than homo-PNIPAM, possibly due to the hydrophobic ODA moiety. On the other hand, the phase transition of the cubic phase-containing PNIPAM was investigated on a polarizing microscope, and the phase transition temperature was determined using DSC. Its values of ca. 70 o C is characteristic of the MO cubic phase. Sodium salicylate was included in water channels of the cubic phase and the degree of release was observed for 4 days at 20 and 40 o C. A higher temperature resulted in a higher degree of release. Under our experimental conditions, it is believed that the higher release was not due to thermal contraction of the polymer, but to the thermally enhanced diffusion of sodium salicylate.


A new electron trapped Fe+-type centre produced in SrCl2:Fe single crystals grown in chlorine atmosphere and X-ray irradiated at 80 K has been analysed using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). The Fe+(IIa) centre (S = 1/2) exhibits monoclinic local symmetry with the two g-tensor principal axes in a {110} plane being slightly tilted away from and . The EPR parameters have been determined and discussed in correlation with those of the tetragonal Fe+(II) paramagnetic centre. The Fe+(IIa) centre seems to consist of a fourfold coordinated Fe+ ion slightly perturbed by a neighbouring defect. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Tropical cyclonic storms with sustained winds above 120 km h−1 are called hurricanes, typhoons or cyclones depending on their geographic location. They can cause considerable damage to forests. This damage may be in the form of pruned and fallen trees from intense winds (Boucher et al. 1990, Walker et al. 1992), defoliation from a combination of winds and torrential rains (Vandermeer et al. 1997), or mortality from marine inundation of low-lying land (Gardner et al. 1991). Occasionally, extensive defoliation of forests can also occur from wind-driven saltwater when winds are onshore and precipitation is insufficient to dilute the seaspray (Chen & Horng 1993). Below I report the dramatic consequences of an unusual seaspray-laden typhoon on the vegetation of the western Micronesian island of Guam.


Fractures can affect many characteristics of rocks, including their flow properties, acoustic responses, and strengths. Several different disciplines have a keen interest in fracture issues, but there are difficulties in achieving effective communications between the different areas of expertise. The primary reason for this situation is that each group has developed a different model for what they mean by "fracture". We illustrate the various versions of what is meant by the term "fracture". The message of this presentation is that no single model is correct, but all models may be useful within their own context. The path leading to better communication is for each discipline to understand what the other groups mean. It would be useful to move towards a conceptual representation of fractures that draws on object-oriented methods: the underlying reality is represented by particular instances that may be appropriate within a specific context, but other instances may be needed when the context changes. For too long we have been like the blind men touching an elephant. Now we need to remove our blindfolds and ask what others have experienced.


After analysis on the structure of an automotive electric support and its forming characteristics and difficulties,some technological measures were planned.An optimal design was achieved by comparing and calculating various layout design schemes;and a precision progressive die combining processes of blanking,bending and cold upsetting was developed.


The study of the Qur'an continues to develop. Nowadays, there are hermeneutics that are proposed to help Ulumul Qur'an in the process of interpreting the Qur'an. Its presence from the West often raises pros and cons. Including those who develop hermeneutics in interpreting the Qur'an is Mohammed Arkoun. He wanted to dismantle Islamic thought, including the interpretation of the Qur'an, which was actually born from the historical process. In interpreting the Qur'an, Arkoun offers synchronic exploration, diachronic exploration, anthropological perspective, and philosophical perspective and religious facts.


Far-infrared reflection spectra of dielectric ceramics, BaSm2Ti5O14, BaTi4O9, and some pcrovskites such as Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3, have been measured at room temperature using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer in order to investigate the effect of the crystal structure on the dielectric properties. As for perovskites, Sr(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 and Sr(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3, in which B site ions are ordered, were also measured. Reflectance data were analyzed by means of a factorized form of dielectric functions instead of the classical dispersion theory, and all of the spectra were well fitted. The values of dielectric constants and tan δ calculated from the reflectance data were in good agreement with resonant cavity measurements at 5 GHz. Furthermore, results of this study have shown that the main contribution to the microwave dielectric properties is caused by low-frequency optically active modes located at 50 to about 300 cm−1, and for perovskite structures it is suggested that the ordering of B site ions is significant in obtaining low dielectric losses.


What is Engineering? is a course designed by Johns Hopkins University, and in partnership with The Mathematics, Engineering, and Science Achievement (MESA) Program, conducted at multiple sites throughout California. This course is designed to introduce multiple engineering topics to high school juniors and seniors. The MESA Schools Program (MSP) provides academic development for educationally disadvantaged pre-college students so they will succeed in math and science and go on to attain baccalaureate degrees in math-based majors. Through an approach that includes hands-on activities, school site teacher support, leadership skills, career & college exploration, and parent programming, MSP students are empowered to excel. The goal of the Johns Hopkins/MESA collaboration is to attract students to major in engineering and ultimately retain them in the discipline. Students have the potential of earning three units of Johns Hopkins credit after completing this intensive four-week summer course. This paper will focus on the findings developed from the classes held on the University of the Pacific site. A description of the objectives and design of the course, student feedback, and recommendations for future direction for improving their impact on student learning and appreciation of engineering are reported.


Objective:To study the relationship between the expression of breast cancer metastasis-suppressor 1(BRMS1)mRNA and the metastasis of axillary lymph node with breast cancer.Methods:According to the metastasis of axillary lymph node,58 cases were divided into metastasis of axillary lymph node group(n=31)and no metastasis of axillary lymph node group(n=27).The expression of BRMS1 mRNA was determined by using Semi-RT-PCR method(with reference β-actin).Results:The expression of BRMS1 mRNA was 0.397±0.023 in breast cancer,and it was 0.327±0.038 and 0.475±0.041 respectively in metastasis of axillary lymph node and no metastasis of axillary lymph node.It was significantly lowered in metastasis group(P0.05).Conclusion:There is a negative relationship between the expression of BRMS1 mRNA and the metastasis of axillary lymph node in breast cancer,but is not correlated with the pathological type or tumor size.The expression of BRMS1 mRNA may be an indictor of the metastasis for breast cancer.


Effective implementation of energy conservation policy requires large quantities of various types of good quality, timely data. To obtain the desired data, the information requirements must first be identified so that they can be communicated in a justifiable form to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) and other data collecting organizations. This report represents the initial results of an effort to describe the general information needed by the Office of Conservation and Solar Applications (CS) to carry out their responsibility in implementing the National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA). The assessment of the NECPA-generated information requirements is organized around the conservation programs for utilities, residences, industry, federal and public buildings and transportation. This assessment identifies the factors that generate the information requirements (sections, parts and titles of NECPA), describes the general information needed to implement the act and references potential sources of data. Appendix A contains a summary of this assessment in,table form. This report is the first in a series in a study to assess the information and data requirements of the Conservation and Solar Office. Subsequent reports will concentrate on specific programs to access detailed data needs .


On the basis of investigation and survey,the paper summarized the development status,successful experience and existing problems of vegetable industry in Huangzhou,and analyzed the advantages of Huangzhou district on developing vegetable production,with the development countermeasures were proposed.


Classic view of multisensory perception relies on independent processing of sensory inputs in sensory specific cortices, and integration of multiple inputs in a bottom-up, deterministic manner. This rigid, hierarchical structure is being challenged by evidence of multisensory responses in areas which were thought to be sensory specific. However, these evidence show high variability, with some studies reporting crossmodal enhancements, some observe crossmodal inhibition, and others fail to observe any crossmodal effects. Here we seek to examine whether the source of this variability is the dynamic, context dependent nature of multisensory perception. Subjects were scanned during three audiovisual experiments which differ in task, experience and the information conveyed by the auditory input while keeping the stimuli intact. This was enabled by teaching the subjects a novel visual to auditory sensory substitution algorithm (SSA), originally developed as a rehabilitation tool for the blind. Our results reveal two elements of multisensory perception — a stable, deterministic element and a fast, dynamic context dependent element. Sensory cortices did not change their sensory preference throughout the experiments. However, crossmodal attenuations of sensory specific areas were also detected. These changed their direction completely after only a short period of learning SSA, from visual attenuations of primary auditory cortex to auditory attenuations of visual cortex. Outside sensory areas a number of cortical regions, mostly left lateralized, changed their sensory preference, shifting it from one sensory modality to the other, while others demonstrated constant multisensory preference. We therefore suggest that in multisensory perception there are both stable and dynamic processes, allowing stability in one hand and a fast, dynamic tuning of the system when required, and both are taking place together, which may lead to seemingly contradicting evidence. In order to tweeze them apart, and overcome these contradictions, one has to take into account not only on the stimuli themselves, but rather on the context in which they are perceived, and the information they convey.


Abstract The temperature and frequency dependences of the complex dielectric susceptibility of a ferroelectric liquid crystal near the smectic C*-smectic A phase transition have been calculated using the classical and generalized Landau models. It is shown that although the dielectric response of the S*C phase consists generally of four modes (soft, Goldstone, and two high frequency polarization modes) only three bands appear in the dielectric loss spectrum of ferroelectric liquid crystals at the SA–S*C phase transition. These results are in agreement with recent experimental data.


Aging is a physiological, non-pathological process that occurs mainly as a slow, gradual, and passive procedure influenced by interplay of numerous genetic and environmental influences. Different ways have been tried to postponement aging and extent life span in animals, dietary anti-oxidants are one of them. Depending on the metabolic and free radical theories of aging, this work was carried out to evaluate the use of vitamin C in delaying the aging promoter. D galactose shedding the light on aging mechanisms underlying the anti-aging variations on both the molecular and the physiological level. Aging was enhanced by injecting rats subcutaneously with D galactose in a dose of 100 mg for 8 weeks brain tissues were subjected to analysis determining the level of serotonin, dopamine and nor epinephrine. D galactose caused down regulation of both serotonin and dopamine while nor epinephrine went up, such alteration has been resisted in rats administrated vitamin C. Thus we can conclude that anti-oxidants could prevent the age related brain deterioration.


The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status of hyperlipidemics elderly. A cross sectional study was undertaken in 4 big cities in Indonesia using multistage random sampling. The respondents were 656 hyperlipidemics and non hyperlipidemics elderly who were the subsample of 1261 sample of a larger population study. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements and biochemical blood analysis. To determine the nutritional status by Body Mass Index (BMI) the criteria used for elderly men and women are as follows, underweight BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2, normoweight BMI 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2, overweight BMI 25 - 29.9 kg/m2, and obese BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. To determine lipid status, the criteria used are as follows, hyperlipidemics elderly, those who had plasma total cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dl and or triglycerides ≥ 200 mg/dl. Prevalence of hyperlipidemics in elderly women is higher then elderly men, 56.2% vs 47.0%. The BMI of hyperlipidemics is mostly overweight (60.4%) and obese (57.1%) for elderly men; and mostly normoweight (59.1%) and overweight (59.5%) for elderly women. The prevalence of hyperlipidemics among undernourished elderly men and women were also quite high, 38.7% and 31.6% respectively. (Med J Indones 2005; 14: 97-100) Keywords : BMI, hyperlipidemics, elderly


Chebyshev pseudospectral (PS) methods are reported to provide highly accurate solution using polynomial approximation. Use of polynomial basis functions in PS algorithms limits the formulation to univariate systems constraining it to tensor product grids for multi-dimensions. Recent studies have shown that replacing the polynomial by radial basis functions in pseudospectral method (RBF-PS) has the advantage of using irregular grids for multivariate systems. A RBF-PS algorithm has been presented here for the numerical solution of inhomogeneous Helmholtz's equation using Gaussian RBF for derivative approximation. Efficacy of RBF approximated derivatives has been checked through error analysis comparison with PS method. Comparative study of PS, RBF-PS and finite difference approach for the solution of a linear boundary value problem has been performed. Finally, a typical frequency domain acoustic wave propagation problem has been solved using Dirichlet boundary condition and a point source. The algorithm presented here can be extended further for seismic modeling with complexities associated with absorbing boundary conditions.


After Revolution: Mapping Gender and Cultural Politics in Neoliberal Nicaragua. Florence E. Babb. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2001. vii. 304 pp., photographs, notes, bibliography, index.


Background The major histopathological finding in salivary glands of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients are periductal lymphocytic infiltrates (foci). In association with these infiltrates, lymphoepithelial lesions (LELs) may be formed. LELs are defined by infiltration of lymphocytes within the epithelium with hyperplasia of ductal cells. Although it has been suggested that B-lymphocytes predominate in LELs, the relative role of B- and T-lymphocytes in LEL formation is not known. Since LELs are a characteristic finding in salivary glands of pSS patients, quantification of B- and T-lymphocytes in the different stages of LEL development will give more insight in their formation as well as in the pathogenesis of pSS. Objectives To quantify the numbers of B- and T-lymphocytes in different stages of LEL development in parotid and labial gland biopsies of pSS patients. Methods The study population consisted of 15 pSS patients, who fulfilled the ACR-EULAR criteria and underwent salivary gland biopsies of both the parotid and labial gland. Patients were not treated with biologicals and 13 patients were not using other immunosuppressive therapy. Presence and severity of LELs were evaluated on HE stained sections. Severity of lesions was scored from stage 0 to stage 3 (stage 0: lymphocytic ductal infiltration without hyperplasia of the epithelium; stage 1: lymphocytic ductal infiltration and <50% hyperplastic epithelium; stage 2: lymphocytic ductal infiltration and ≥50% hyperplastic epithelium; stage 3: lymphocytic ductal infiltration and fully circumferentially hyperplastic epithelium with occluded lumen). Numbers of B- and T-lymphocytes within LELs were counted (10 ducts per biopsy) by using Image J cell counter on serial CD20 and CD3 stained sections. High molecular weight cytokeratin staining was used to identify ductal borders. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to analyse the numbers of B- and T-lymphocytes and B/T ratio's over the different stages of severity of LELs. Results B- and T-lymphocytes can both infiltrate within the ductal epithelium forming LELs in salivary glands of pSS patients. T-lymphocytes were present in all LELs, scattered through the whole ductal epithelium. Whereas B-lymphocytes were found in clusters, mostly located in the hyperplastic area of the ductal epithelium. With higher severity of LELs, the numbers of B- and T-lymphocytes increased significantly, in both the parotid and labial gland. The numbers of B-lymphocytes increased relatively more with higher severity of LELs than T-lymphocytes. This has led to an increased intraepithelial B/T ratio in more pronounced LELs. This increased B/T ratio was even more pronounced in parotid than in labial glands. In both glands, there was a predominance of T-lymphocytes in lower LEL stages. In more severe LEL stages, B-lymphocytes outnumbered the T-lymphocytes. Conclusions Given the relative increase in the number of B-lymphocytes with higher severity of LELs as well as their close association with proliferating ductal epithelial cells, we conclude that B-lymphocytes play a major role in the hyperplasia of the ductal epithelium. Disclosure of Interest None declared


Ethics is related to human life in all its aspects, architecture is one of the most important fields of human life that affect and be affected, so studies must be exposed to the subject of the ethics of architecture in all its concepts and dimensions so that architecture can build its ethic constitution with a base of values and principles. After adopting unbalanced consumption pattern In dealing with available resource leaving environmental crises, people interested in humanitarian, environmental issues called for adopting a sustainable alternative development model that aims to achieve harmony between the developmental goals and sustainability of the environment, the sustainability concept of ethical values and importance of a discourse as a channel for communicating ideas and expressing them, made research adopting the concept of ethic discourse and its impact in the sustainability of architecture to show its importance. The problem of the research is that there is no clear cognitive perception about the role of the concept of ethic discourse in the sustainability of architecture and its elements, components. The aim of the research is to present a conceptual model for sustainable ethical discourse in architecture to produce a valuable architecture that will help build a society of human architecture with an ethic dimension.


(A1) If x = (x1, . . . , xN ) is an input then xi ∈ N (0, 1). Also, N →∞. (A2) Both the teacher and the student networks have only one hidden layer. (A3) M,K denotes the number of hidden nodes for the teacher and student network respectively andK ≥M andK = Z ·M where Z ∈ Z. (A4) The activation in the hidden layer is sigmoidal for both teacher and student network. (A5) The output ∈ R (i.e., regression problem). (A6) The order parameters satisfy the ansatz as in (S58) (S60) of [2]. (A7) No noise is added to the labels generated by the teacher network, i.e., σ = 0.


Cinnamomum burmanni has antifungal and antibacterial properties, including alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and essential oil content of cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and safrole. This study aims to determine the antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus, antifungal properties against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis, antioxidant, and flavonoid content of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) extracts from C. burmanni bark. This study began with the MAE extraction of C. burmanni, followed by qualitative phytochemical tests on the alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoid groups. Furthermore, using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method, a quantitative phytochemical test was performed to determine the levels of flavonoids. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) method was used for the antioxidant test, the agar dilution method for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the paper disc diffusion method for the width of the inhibitory area (LDH). The positive antifungal control was nystatin, while the antibacterial control was amoxicillin, and both negative controls were 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The antifungal and antibacterial components were found to be 3% n-hexane extract from the bark of C. burmanni, with an inhibitory area width (IAW) of 13.83 mm. The best antioxidant results were the ethanol extract with a very active category IC50 of 8.533 ppm, 5.90%, and the highest ethanol extract containing flavonoid test results.


While high profile projects such as the Athens Olympic Stadium are capturing the public limelight in terms of their remarkably late completion, several other major infrastructure projects in the city are going equally close to the brink. This article focuses on the work that is intensifying to ensure that metro extensions and a new light rail network are open in time for the big event. Metro extensions, together with a new 48 km three-line light rail network, are among those schemes that are due to be finished virtually on the final deadline for the beginning of the Games. Confidence remains high that everything will be ready for the greatest global event that Greece has seen since the first modern Olympics was held in Athens more than a century ago.


Lung cancer has become one of the most widely infected cancers around the world and is getting more attention from scientists and the public. Thus, based on the dataset Lung Cancer uploaded on Kaggle in 2022, this paper reviews previous research on risk factors about their effects and mechanisms on lung cancer. Besides, by transforming categorical variables into numerical ones and using chi-square tests of independence, this paper examines whether independent variables in the dataset are associated with lung cancer development. This paper finds that variables gender, smoking, chronic disease and shortness of breath are not tested associated with lung cancer development; variable yellow finger and the other nine independent variables are tested as factors contributing to lung cancer. Identifying these risk factors and analyzing their mechanisms can effectively help people prevent lung cancer and support the development of lung cancer treatment.


With the global economic integration and development of market economy, as well as relevant national regulations and policies to support independent innovation of enterprises, human capital has become the focus of enterprises, while in recent years state-owned enterprises' flow of human capital is frequent, especially in the northeast old industrial bases, the state-owned enterprises' flow of human capital is very serious. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt BP neural network algorithm to establish a three-layer BP neural network model to evaluate the stability of human capital in state-owned enterprises, which includes 31 nodes in input layer, 22 nodes in hidden layer, and 5 nodes in output layer. When we know the stability of human capital, we can take effective measures to ensure the healthy and sustained development of state-owned enterprises.


This article reflects on the conceptualization and the salient features of the ecology of e-democracy. The authors identify four distinct waves marked by technological innovations and studied under the control–participation dichotomy. In the first wave, during the 1990s, political actors begin to establish their online presence but without any other notable changes in communication. The second wave takes place from 2004 to 2008 and features the consolidation of social networks and the increasing commodification of audience engagement. The third wave begins to take shape during Obama's 2008 election campaign, which featured micro-segmentation and the use of big data. The fourth wave, starting in 2016 with the Brexit campaign and the Cambridge Analytica scandal, has been defined by the front and center use of Artificial Intelligence. Some recent phenomena that challenge or buttress the make-up of critical public opinion are the following: a) digital platforms as political actors; b) the marked use of Artificial Intelligence and big data; c) the use of falsehoods as a political strategy, as well as other fake news and deep fake phenomena; d) the combination of hyperlocal and supranational issues; e) technological determinism; f) the search for audience engagement and co-production processes; and g) trends that threaten democracy, to wit, the polarization of opinions, astroturfing, echo chambers and bubble filters. Finally, the authors identify several challenges in research, pedagogy and politics that could strengthen democratic values, and conclude that democracy needs to be reimagined both under new research and political action frameworks, as well as through the creation of a social imaginary on democracy.


The needs of accuracy of machines are strictly increasing for the manufacturing processes. It is costly to use high precision machine to achieve the goal. Therefore, if the forecasting of errors can be obtained from the gathered past error values, it allows the control system to compensate the errors. In this paper, the simulations of manufacturing processes are using the ARMA and ARMAX models. The control system takes account of the output from the measurement and the control input. The comparison of the ARMA and ARMAX models is interpreted with or without the control input to the models.


Business process modelling languages are a very prominent mechanism to understand companies' business processes. This mechanism allows managers to communicate and transversal information through a semantic flow for business process improvement. Examples of Business Process modelling languages are Unified Modeling Language (UML) or Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN). UML presents alternative views to model company's functionalities. While, BPMN still have a very abstracted level to model Business Processes. In this context, there are many BPMN extensions to break down its high-level of abstraction. However, most of existing BPMN extensions model a significant increase in business process complexity that deviate it from its crucial objective. This put forward the difficulty of detailing control flow related to information systems without reaching complexity. To that end, we propose our TM4BPMN extension for breaking-down BPMN high abstraction to low-level, to maintain BPMN facility in representing BPs, using Thinging Machine (TM) techniques.


During our studies of the conformational changes of calmodulin in solution by 'H-NMR we have noticed differences in the spectra of the calcium-bound form of the protein in different preparations. We have compared samples both prepared by us and sent to us from several other laboratories. Although most of the samples, called 'normal', give spectra similar to those published (K. Seamon. 1980. Biochemistry 19: 207.). several are significantly different. The most striking differences appear in the aromatic region of the spectra, suggesting a change in the positions of the aromatic side chains with respect to one another. A change of this kind could also arise from small amounts of contaminating material absorbing in the same region of the spectrum or from binding of an impurity to the protein. In order to determine the nature of the differences we have observed, we have used techniques other than NMR to compare representative samples: Type A are those which give 'normal' NMR spectra and Type B are those which give 'changed' spectra. We have noted a difference in the UV spectra of Type B samples. The relative intensities of the absorbance maxima have shifted so that 276 nm is no longer the highest point in the spectrum. Again, this observation could arise from contamination which absorbs in the ultra-violet. The addition of trace amounts of 2mercaptoethanol. EDTA, or sodium azide, any of which could conceivably be present, to a sample of Type A changes the spectrum but does not generate a Type B spectrum. A difference spectrum of Types A and B gives a maximum at about 260 nm. Interestingly, the peak that elutes directly after calmodulin off DEAE-Sephadex during purification has A, = 260 nm. The identity of this material is unknown to us. It does not appear as a protein band on 7.5% polyacrylamide gels. The two types of calmodulin also have different mobilities when electrophoresed on 12.5% polyacrylamide gels at pH 8.6. In the absence of added Car' or EGTA, Type B has a higher mohility than Type A, and its mobility is unchanged by the addition of either EGTA or Ca+' to the sample prior to electrophoresis. The addition of trace amounts of EGTA, sodium azide, 2-mercaptoethanol, or nucleotide to Type A does not generate a sample with Type B mobility. The isoelectric focusing patterns of Types A and B are quite different. In our hands, even Type A gives multiple bands when 150 pg are focused. We observe 5 bands, with the central band being the major species. Type B also gives 5 bands, but the relative intensities are very different from Type A: there are two major bands of equal intensity that focus on either side of the major Type A band that now appears as a minor band, and two more highly acidic bands. The electrophoresis and electrofocusing data suggest that the differences observed between Types A and B are due to changes in the protein, rather than


Two crystal structures (polymorphs) of di(4-bromobenzenesulfonyl)amine (1), as determined by low-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction, are reported: Form A, monoclinic, P21/c, Z' = 1; form B: monoclinic, P21/c, Z' = 2. In A, the molecule adopts an extended conformation approximating to C2 symmetry, whereas the two independent molecules of form B display a folded hair-pin conformation with pseudo-mirror symmetry [torsion τ (C-S···S'-C') and intercentroid distance dIC of the aromatic rings in A: 173.2° and 750.8 pm, in B: −5.4/−8.90° and 364.1/366.5 pm]. The packings of both polymorphs consist of layers, in which the molecules are connected by N-H···O hydrogen bonds in one and by Br···O interactions in the other dimension. The 1:1 onium salt (2; monoclinic, P21/n, Z' = 1) produced on N-deprotonation of 1 with 2,4-dimethylpyridine is structurally related to B. Its packing involves strands of formula units, whereby the anions retain the folded conformation (τ = 5.8°, dIC = 372.5 pm) and perfectly mimic the catemeric Br···O pattern of B, while the cations are isotactically connected to the anion backbone via an N-H(···O)2 three-centre bond. In all structures, a three-dimensional network of weak hydrogen bonds C-H···A (A = O, in 2 also N−) and C-H···Br contacts supports the controlling N-H···O and Br···O interactions; moreover, an intermolecular (π···π) stacking dimer of the type phenyl/phenyl and a (π···π) stacking trimer of the type phenyl/pyridinium/phenyl have been identified in A and 2, respectively. None of the structures exhibits very short bromine-bromine contacts suggestive of specific attractive forces.


The central Pacific seamounts area is the key area of the cobalt-rich crust distribution.We are now investigating the cobalt-rich crusts in this area.The knowledge of the evolutionary history of the seamounts is of importance to study the genesis of the cobalt-rich crusts and the rule of their distribution.After reading a lot of literature,the authors overviewed the evolutionary history of these seamounts and discussed the relationship between the seamounts and the cobalt-rich crusts growing on them.


(Main session) The verbal morphology of Cha'palaa, a Barbacoan language from coastal Ecuador, provides a challenge for language description, with some interesting theoretical implications. During fieldwork, we observed a set of mutually-exclusive verb-final morphemes that form finite verbs, but whose meanings were difficult to identify. Unlike values such as tense or person that are relatively constant across contexts, the meanings of these morphemes become bleached outside of usage context, and consultants judge similar sentences with different finite morphemes as equivalent:


It is assumed that language learning can be channeled for knowledge benefit and the ability to live outside the university environment. that is, community.For that purpose, the process of language learning needs to be congruent with the stability of internal factors (disposition) and external factors (situational). This stability generates language learning achievements needed by students, with the lecturer as facilitator. In this research, it was found that the attribution of language learning which develops entrepreneur attitudes supports the stability of external elements, especially in language learning situations in tandem with course selection, academic staff, transfer of knowledge, and workplace values.


Learners living in challenging socio-economic circumstances face limited opportunities for further education and employment. In this context, formal career guidance which merely provides information about specific jobs and how to access them may be of little use. This article explores the usefulness of participatory visual strategies as a pedagogical tool for teachers to help learners think more critically, realistically and hopefully about their future life opportunities. Analysed through a resilience lens, findings indicated that the strategies inspired hope in learners; helped them identify assets and barriers in their social ecologies; develop a sense of agency and responsibility for deciding on their futures; and care more for other people, all of which will help them make more constructive choices for life after school. The findings might help teachers make their career education more relevant for children who live in contexts of adversity.


Abstract : The contract task under this Line Item was to provide one E/O Camera, System 5, for installation as Field Unit No. 9, at sites to be mutually determined by the government and the Marine Physical Laboratory. Configuration modifications to enhance the system's mobility were to be implemented, and mobil deployment exercises were to be conducted.


By determination of heavy metal content of soil,rice,poplar and vegetable sampled from 4 sections at different distances away from highways,influences of heavy metal pollution from the tail gas and dust on soil and crops in the fields on both sides of the highway was studied,The results showed:①the contents of Pb in soil samples within 25—(100 m) were higher than the value of background,especially within 0—50 m.The contents of Zn in soil samples within 0—5 m were a little bit higher than the value of background.The contents of Cd and Cu didn′t have the regular variation.The contents of Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn were various with different sections.In section 1 at(0 m) and(75 m) away from the highway the Cd contents of soil were(0.365 mg/kg) and(0.329 mg/kg),respectively,which exceeded Cd contents of limit standard(≤(0.3 mg/kg)).②the Pb contents of three rice samples were higher than that of limit standard(≤(0.4 mg/kg)),although the Pb contents of all soil samples were not higher than that of limit standard.③Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn contents of leaves in poplar were all higher than those of annual branches,and those of annual branches were higher than those of old branches.In section 3,Pb contents of carrot and Chinese cabbage at(100 m) to the south of the highway were higher than those of limit standard.


Abstract This study examined the relationship between library instruction and student achievement. Dependent variables included grade in course, course completion rates, and overall GPA. There were significant relationships between participation in library instruction and completion of the course for which library instruction was attended, participation in library instruction and grade in course, and participation in library instruction and GPA. The results indicate that library instruction is an instructional strategy that faculty can use to contribute to improved student performance. This article describes the research study, the results of this study, and makes recommendations for future actions and research.


Quantitative metallographic analysis method is used to analysis ductile iron, carbon steel and copper those three typical metallic materials of power grid, instead of the situation for manual visual as qualitative and semi-quantitative. The results of experiment demonstrate that the quantitative metallographic analysis meets the requirements, and the merits are fast speed of processing, accurate and reliable data and reproducibility of experimental results.


The invention discloses a vehicle brake control device and belongs to the field of automotive electronics. The device comprises a brake control circuit, an electronic brake pedal, a main control unit and an ESC (Electronic Stability Control) unit, wherein the input end of the brake control circuit is connected with the electronic brake pedal and the main control unit respectively; the output end of the brake control circuit is connected with the ESC unit, and is used for selecting a signal, serving as an output control signal, from a displacement analog signal generated by the electronic brake pedal and a brake control signal generated by the main control unit, and sending the output control signal to the ESC unit; the ESC unit is used for performing brake control on a vehicle according to the output control signal. The vehicle brake control device disclosed by the invention has the advantages that a mechanical operating device does not need to be mounted, the switching operation of automatic driving and manual driving is simple and convenient, and the cost of the vehicle brake control device is lower.


One of us with Gebauer-Fuelnegg 1 has previously reported on the appearance of a physiologically active substance in the blood and lymph of dogs during anaphylactic shock and on the basis of a pharmacological and chemical study 2 concluded that the active substance was apparently histamine. It was noted in this study that this active substance may be only temporarily detectable and it was concluded that it disappeared rapidly from the blood as it circulates. Various workers have noted the inactivation or detoxication of histamine in intact animals, organ perfusions, etc. (see Best and McHenry 3 , 4 for discussion and literature). None of these studies, however, provide the necessary data to enable us to compare the fate of intravenously injected histamine with that liberated during shock. We were interested, therefore, in inducing shock of varying degrees of severity by intravenous injection of histamine at different dosage levels into dogs and of studying the blood and thoracic duct lymph for its presence and disappearance and of correlating these findings with our observations in anaphylactic shock. Dogs were anesthetized with ether and sodium barbital and freshly prepared solutions of histamine acid phosphate (1-500) injected into the femoral vein. Samples of blood and thoracic duct lymph were collected at various time intervals thereafter. These samples were kept from clotting by means of heparin, the bloods in addition were centrifuged to obtain the plasma, and then assayed for their histamine activity by intravenous injection into cats (under ether or ether and barbital anesthesia and after the preliminary administration of atropine). The essential data of these experiments are outlined in Table I. The degree of sensitivity of the cats used was always such that samples of blood or lymph recorded as negative contained a concentration of histamine less than 1-200,000. It is therefore apparent that injected histamine disappears very rapidly from the blood stream.


Arsenoflorencite-(La) [Арсенфлоренсит-(La)], ideally LaAl 3 (AsO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 , is a new mineral (IMA2009–078), from the Grubependity Lake cirque, Maldynyrd range, upper Kozhim River basin, Prepolar Ural, Komi Republic, Russia. It occurs in direct association with zircon, quartz, hematite, ardennite-(As), andalusite, anorthite, sericite, clinochlore, chernovite-(Y), manganiandrosite-(La), spessartine and monazite–gasparite-group minerals in Mn-rich nodules in metasediments. Arsenoflorencite-(La) forms orange–red to pink rhombohedral, pseudocubic or tabular crystals up to about 0.2 mm across. The dominant forms observed are {001} and {102}. The crystals have a vitreous lustre, are transparent to translucent, have a very light pink streak and are non-fluorescent. Mohs hardness is about 3.5 (estimated). The fracture is uneven and the tenacity is brittle. Arsenoflorencite-(La) has fair cleavage on {001}. Crystals are uniaxial (+), with the indices of refraction ω = 1.740(5) and e = 1.750(5), measured in white light, and are nonpleochroic. The empirical formula (based on 14 O atoms) is: (La 0.56 Ce 0.18 Nd 0.12 Pr 0.04 Sr 0.09 Ca 0.03 ) ∑1.02 (Al 2.94 Fe 0.06 ) ∑3.00 (As 1.80 P 0.21 ) ∑2.01 H 5.95 O 14 . The simplified formula is LaAl 3 (AsO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 . Arsenoflorencite-(La) is trigonal, space group R 3 m , a = 7.0316(3), c = 16.5151(8) A, V = 707.16(5) A 3 and Z = 3. The crystal structure was solved from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data and refined to R 1 = 0.0112 on the basis of 287 unique reflections with F o > 4 σF and R 1 = 0.0116 for all 293 reflections. The five strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [ d obs in A, ( I ), ( hkl )]: 2.982, (100), (113); 3.538, (55), (110); 1.914, (38), (303, 033); 2.211, (28), (122); 5.755, (27), (101). The name is for its relationship to florencite [and arsenoflorencite-(Ce)] with La as the dominant REE.