Determination of fracture toughness is prerequisite to perform elastic-plastic fracture mechanics assessment, for instance, leak-before-break analyses of nuclear piping systems and integrity evaluation of low uppershelf reactor vessels. However, sometimes, there are lacks of fracture toughness data especially for old vintage nuclear power plants and it is not easy to prepare standard specimens from archival materials or installed components. In these cases, damage mechanics is applicable as one of alternative approaches because several efficient models have been suggested to simulate ductile fracture behaviour during the last couple of decades. In the present paper, a multi-island genetic algorithm is adopted into well-known Rousselier model to resolve complexity of previous calibration methods since reliability of damage parameters is significantly dependent on the calibration method trial and error method, neural network method and so on combined with notched bar tests or small punch (SP) tests and analyzer's experiences. SP test data of typical nuclear materials such as a low alloy steel (Y5) and a high Cr steel (G91) are used to determine damage parameters and, then, resulting values are applied to predict fracture toughness of the material. Load-displacement curves and fracture resistance curves are compared with those obtained from experiments, which show effectiveness of the proposed method.


We understand that some people are citing our Perspective article (published on April 1 at NEJM.org)1 as support for discrediting widespread masking. In truth, the intent of our article was to push...


The neuroanatomical substrate for restless legs syndrome (RLS) is unknown. We identified 4 patients with idiopathic RLS who came to post-mortem examination, where brain and spinal cord tissue were available for neuropathological assessment. Lewy bodies were not identified and alpha-synuclein immunohistochemistry was uniformly negative. Neurofibrillary tangle pathology was variable and nonspecific. These findings suggest that tau- or alpha-synuclein brain pathology is not a component of primary RLS. Although chronic ischemic changes were found in all 4 cases, these were probably incidental. The absence of diagnostic microscopic brain or spinal cord pathology suggests that the pathologic substrate may be neurochemical or receptor based.


To optimise the flight schedule that consists of: 1) the regular flight operated on the same day and time through one year; 2) the non-regular flight operated on the different day and time according to month, this paper proposes the new multi-objective fleet assignment method that considers both the regular and non-regular flights. To investigate the effectiveness of our method, this paper applies it to Japanese domestic airport network optimisation for two months, on- and off-peak months, using a real-world data. The intensive simulation have revealed that the following implications: 1) our method can evolve a flight network that can be applied into the on- and off-peak month; 2) our method can find a flight network that has a well-balanced profit between on- and off-peak months; 3) in peak month, our method can find a flight network that has higher profit.


Degenerative diseases are chronic chronic diseases that affect a person's quality of life and productivity. One of the most common degenerative diseases and which has a high mortality rate is osteoarthritis in the knee. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the administration of TENS with Oscillation Traction on pain intensity in patients with genital osteoarthritis in Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital. Research Method: this is research is quasi-experimental while the research design uses pre-test and post-test. The sample of this study used 2 treatment groups, namely treatment group 1 using TENS and treatment group 2 using oscillation traction. Both sample groups measured pain scales using the verbal description scale. The results of the analysis of the influence test with Independent t-test in treatment group 1 and treatment group 2. Test paired sample t-test obtained p value = 0.001 (p 5 0.05), which means that there is a difference in pain intensity before and after being given TENS. Whereas in the treatment group 2 oscillation traction obtained results of p = 0.001 (.050.05) which means that there is a difference in pain intensity before and after being given oxyylation traction. From the results of the independent t-test in getting results with p = 0.000 (α<0.05) it can be concluded that there is a difference in the administration of TENS with oscillation traction against pain intensity in Genu Osteoarthtritis sufferers. Conclusion There is a Difference in Giving TENS with Oscillation Traction Against Pain Intensity in Genu Osteoarthtritis Patients. Suggestion: minimize activity overload the knee joint, squat up and down stairs or lift excessive weight.


Considers the problem of finding the H/sub /spl infin//-norm of a linear time-varying system having a delayed state and with an output that comprises a linear combination of the "current" state as well as of the "delayed" state. Both delay-independent and delay-dependent bounded real criteria are derived which provide sufficient conditions for the system to possess an H/sub /spl infin//-norm which is less than or equal to a prescribed bound. The stationary case for time-invariant systems is also tackled, and in this situation the proposed bounded real criteria are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Two examples are presented which compare the guaranteed bounds that are achieved by our results with the actual H/sub /spl infin//-norm of the system.


Objective To study the effects of parathyroid hormone on periodontitis-associated bone absorption in mice.Methods In this protocol,adult mice were used to induce periodontitis-associated bone absorption by injection of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide(LPS) into the maxillary gingiva of the first molar.The differences between the wild-type and parathyroid hormone gene knockout mice were assessed by histomorphology,total collogen staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining.Results The PBL,the N.Oc/B.Pm and Oc.S/B.S were increased significantly,but the BV/TV of the alveolar bone were reduced in parathyroid hormone gene knockout mice,compared with those in the wild-type littermates. Conclusion These studies suggest that endogenous parathyroid hormone is essential in the inhibition of periodontitis-associated bone absorption in mice.


Abstract : This study assessed the applicability of three area-based change-detection algorithms to the problem of recognizing differences between two images. These approaches are based on defining sets of descriptors for small regions of each scene and then comparing these sets of descriptors to indicate areas of change. The first algorithm is based on the phase-correlation concept--a technique for extracting accurate estimates of the relative displacement of two images from the phase of their cross-power spectrum. The 2nd is based on using a subset of power-spectral coefficients for each image--the subset is chosen to minimize differences due to scene bias, shading, or high-frequency noise content. The 3rd is based on defining image moments and a set of functions of these moments which are invariant with respect to a number of geometrical distortion or scale changes of the image. These algorithms were applied to furnished SAR images. Results of the three algorithms are consistent among themselves but correlate weakly with known ground truth. Studies to determine the size of targets that can be reliably detected by use of these methods indicate that the size of targets in the furnished images fails to meet the size criterion for reliable change detection. It is concluded that, for imagery of this quality and resolution, target detection and association algorithms should prove to be more effective for change detection.


Recently, tensor Singular Value Decomposition (t-SVD)-based low-rank tensor completion (LRTC) has achieved unprecedented success in addressing various pattern analysis issues. However, existing studies mostly focus on third-order tensors while order-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d\geq 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) tensors are commonly encountered in real-world applications, like fourth-order color videos, fourth-order hyper-spectral videos, fifth-order light-field images, and sixth-order bidirectional texture functions. Aiming at addressing this critical issue, this paper establishes an order-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$ </tex-math></inline-formula> tensor recovery framework including the model, algorithm and theories by innovatively developing a novel algebraic foundation for order-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$ </tex-math></inline-formula> t-SVD, thereby achieving exact completion for any order-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$ </tex-math></inline-formula> low t-SVD rank tensors with missing values with an overwhelming probability. Emperical studies on synthetic data and real-world visual data illustrate that compared with other state-of-the-art recovery frameworks, the proposed one achieves highly competitive performance in terms of both qualitative and quantitative metrics. In particular, as the observed data density becomes low, i.e., about 10%, the proposed recovery framework is still significantly better than its peers. The code of our algorithm is released at <uri>https://github.com/Qinwenjinswu/TIP-Code</uri>


The title of this book brings together the seemingly incompatible concepts. Indeed, it was always assumed that the dynamic regularities correspond to only fully orderly movement, rather than diffusive motion of the atoms. But this book shows that the interaction between the hydrogen atoms in the metal increases the degree of order in the system. This interaction manifests itself through the dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the concentration. This leads to many remarkable consequences. Diffusion theory of origin and evolution of the hydrogen concentration inhomogeneities is presented. The kinetic equation for the hydrogen in the hydride-forming metals is obtained, which generalizes the Cahn's theory of spinodal decomposition and its modifications on the general case of arbitrary concentration gradients. Solutions of this nonlinear equation describe the spatial and temporal structures of hydrogen. Equations of the collective dynamics of the hydrogen and metal sub-systems are obtained, and some of their solutions are presented. The book may be of interest not only for researchers, but also for undergraduate students of mathematical, physical, and metal science specialties.


Underground forums are widely used by criminals to buy and sell a host of stolen items, datasets, resources, and criminal services. These forums contain important resources for understanding cybercrime. However, the number of forums, their size, and the domain expertise required to understand the markets makes manual exploration of these forums unscalable. In this work, we propose an automated, top-down approach for analyzing underground forums. Our approach uses natural language processing and machine learning to automatically generate high-level information about underground forums, first identifying posts related to transactions, and then extracting products and prices. We also demonstrate, via a pair of case studies, how an analyst can use these automated approaches to investigate other categories of products and transactions. We use eight distinct forums to assess our tools: Antichat, Blackhat World, Carders, Darkode, Hack Forums, Hell, L33tCrew and Nulled. Our automated approach is fast and accurate, achieving over 80% accuracy in detecting post category, product, and prices.


Current progress on glycobiology and glycotechnology urge the development of various new drugs. As an example of the applicable studies based on the carbohydrate chemistry, there is the drug design of selectin antagonists which block the interaction between the selectin and its natural ligand, sialyl Lewis X (sLeX). The highly effective synthesis of sLeX is one of the important things for the investigation of selectin antagonists, for example, to establish a high-throughput screening (HTS) of active compounds. As a result, we succeeded the highly practical synthesis of sLeX pentasaccharide and discovered a potent selectin antagonist, GSC-150, using the HTS. In addition, in order to establish a large scale synthesis of GSC-150, a one-pot glycosylation characterized by "Armed-Disarmed Coupling" was developed. This glycosylation was an applicable method for the synthesis of various LeX analogs.


Precession is the inherent character for spinning warheads.Precession parameters are very important features for warhead and decoys discrimination,already published literatures mostly use the radar cross section(RCS) sequence to estimate them.After analyzing the scattering character of blunt cone warheads and the model of precession,this paper points out that the precession cause vibration of scattering centers' position in high range resolution profile(HRRP) sequence.Based on this,a method utilizing the vibration of two strong scattering centers' projection distance on HRRP is proposed to estimate the precession parameters.The steps for how to use this method to estimate precession parameters are listed.Simulation results show that the presented method is effective and applicable.


The biomass yield of water hyacinth (WH) was studied in three purposively selected water bodies in Nigeria. Its nutritive potential was undertaken through analysis of chemical components. Biomass yield of WH ranged from 28.80 to 33.20 tons DM/ha/yr from one location to another with a significant difference. The proximate analysis showed 90.16, 10.01, 22.75 and 14.98 g/100g DM for moisture content, crude protein, crude fibre and ash respectively. The fibre detergent fractions were NDF, 44.50; ADF, 28.00 and ADL, 2.76 g/ 100g DM. The Ca, P, Mg, K and Na contents were 3.08, 0.28, 0.65, 4.13 and 0.13 g/100g DM respectively while those for Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Pb were respectively 1738.69, 2387.98, 10.97, 69.18, 3.03 and 5.83 mg/kg. Levels of Ca and K were noticeably high. The result showed that WH is available all year round and could provide nutrients and minerals to be utilized as fodder for ruminant especially during the dry season.


In order to cultivate constructors and successors sound in both body and mind for the cause of socialism in the 21st century, first is always given the top priority in china s educational reform . It has not only cleared the important status of school physical education in school education . but has also pointed out direction for deepening the school physical reform. For fine implementation university sports corresponding thinking of reform of health first guidelines.


The vitality of optical lithography is still continuing.Even for 0 13μm Integrated Circuits(IC) and below,optical lithography is still a very important candidate.Deep?sub?micron optical lithography process is facing more and more serious challenge.In this paper,some important deep?sub?micron optical lithography processes such as phase?shifting mask、optical proximity correction、deep?UV resist、alignment errors are discussed.


Abstract A new and simple differential pulse polarographic (DPP) method for the trace element determination in hair has been established. While Ni in hair was determined in ammonia buffer, four elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Se) could be determined simultaneously in acetate buffer with only one sample addition. For this purpose human hair taken from a healthy person is first digested with acids and then the polarogram is taken at various electrolytes and pH values. In acetate buffer at pH 4 zinc could be determined. The same electrolyte was used in the presence of EDTA for the determination of both copper and iron. For selenite determination, hydrogen catalytic peak at about -1.1 V in acetate buffer (pH= 3.3) was used in the presence of 50 - 100 times more molybdenum, Mo(VI). In this medium the limit of detection was 10–9M for selenite. Ni peak could be separated from zinc peak in ammonia buffer at pH 9.8 and was determined in this medium. The quantities of trace elements were found as Zn 201 μg/g, Cu 20 μg/g, Ni 1.2 μg/g, Se 0.9 μg/g and Fe 15 μg/g. With the proposed method the reference hair was also analyzed and good agreement was obtained.


512State immunity — Jurisdictional immunity — Employment dispute — Embassy of foreign State — Foreign national employed as secretary — Dismissal — Action for reinstatement — Whether foreign State entitled to jurisdictional immunity — Distinction between sovereign and non-sovereign activities — European Convention on State Immunity, 1972, Article 5 — Spanish Constitution, Article 24(1) — Whether limiting recourse to jurisdictional immunity — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961, and Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 1963 — Inapplicability to claims brought against a foreign State State immunity — Attachment and execution — Distinction between jurisdictional immunity and immunity from execution — Reciprocity as basis of immunity from execution — Executive control over procedure for execution against foreign State Diplomatic relations — Immunity — Entitlement to — Whether restricted to natural persons — Whether embassy of foreign State entitled to diplomatic immunity Relationship of international law and municipal law — Customary international law — State immunity — Principles recognized by the community of nations — Restrictive theory of immunity — Treaties — European Convention on State Immunity, 1972 — Recourse to provisions on jurisdictional immunity as evidence of position under customary international law — The law of Spain


Virtual Environment (DVE) systems model and simulate the activities of thousands of entities interacting in a virtual world over a wide area network. These systems are composed of many servers each of which is responsible to manage multiple clients who want to participate in the virtual world. Each server delivers the information updated from different clients to other client in virtual world. Previous algorithms were proposed for balancing the workload among the servers of the DVE. However, these algorithms did not take into consideration active objects found in the virtual environment which affects the calculations of system cost. They also assumed homogenous environment where all servers have the same capabilities and all links have the same speed. This paper presents a partitioning algorithm that takes into account the active objects and a modified object layering algorithm that concentrates only the boarder to improve the performance (total cost of the system and execution time) of Distributed Virtual Environment. This paper also generalizes the system to be heterogeneous in servers' speed and link capacity. The evaluation results show that the performance of the allocation algorithm is significantly improved where the total system cost was reduced.


Optical absorption in amorphous tungsten oxide ($\textit{a}\mathrm{WO}_{3}$), for photon energies below that of the band gap, can be rationalized in terms of electronic transitions between localized states. For the study of this phenomenon, we employed the differential coloration efficiency concept, defined as the derivative of the optical density with respect to the inserted charge. We also made use of its extension to a complex quantity in the context of frequency-resolved studies. Combined $\textit{in situ}$ electrochemical and optical experiments were performed on electrochromic $\textit{a}\mathrm{WO}_{3}$ thin films for a wide lithium intercalation range using an optical wavelength of $810~\mathrm{nm}$ ($1.53~\mathrm{eV}$). Quasi-equilibrium measurements were made by chronopotentiometry (CP). Dynamic frequency-dependent measurements were carried out by simultaneous electrochemical and color impedance spectroscopy (SECIS). The differential coloration efficiency obtained from CP changes sign at a critical intercalation level. Its response exhibits an excellent agreement with a theoretical model that considers electronic transitions between $\mathrm{W}^{4+}$, $\mathrm{W}^{5+}$, and $\mathrm{W}^{6+}$ sites. For the SECIS experiment, the low-frequency limit of the differential coloration efficiency shows a general trend similar to that from CP. However, it does not change sign at a critical ion insertion level. This discrepancy could be due to degradation effects occurring in the films at high $\mathrm{Li}^+$ insertion levels. The methodology and results presented in this work can be of great interest both for the study of optical absorption in disordered materials and for applications in electrochromism.


1. Structure (1) material, in particular for the manufacture of webs of material for clothing, comprising: - the basic structure (10), which at least partially comprises a fireproof material having a first side (12) and a second side (14),! - wherein at least the first side (12) of the base structure (10) is printed pattern (20) that has open areas (50) through which the visible face of the main structure (10),! - wherein the pattern (20) has material (30) which comprises a luminous colorant (40)! - wherein the apparent surface of the first side (12) of the base structure (10) in combination with a pattern (20) defines the structure of the color material which meets the requirements of European standard EN 471.! 2. The fabric structure of claim 1, wherein the first side (12) of the base structure (10) has a light color. ! 3. The fabric structure of claim 1, wherein the pattern (20) formed as a coating color having a partial coating. ! 4. The fabric structure of claim 1, wherein the first side (12) of the base structure (10) is colored in honey-yellow color, and pattern (20) formed as a coating having a luminous orange color partial coating preferably with a coverage of approximately 60% of the surface the base structure (10). ! 5. The fabric structure of claim 1, wherein the pattern (20) formed as a lattice pattern or a dot pattern. ! 6. The fabric structure of claim 1, wherein the pattern (20) has a coating of about 20-80%, preferably 30-70%, particularly preferably 40-60% of the surface of the base structure (10). ! 7. The fabric structure of claim 1, wherein the basic structure (10) comprises a yarn or fibers, which are selected from the group consisting of aramid, rayon, and polyimide. ! 8. The fabric structure of claim 1,


The Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly (ATQ), since its inception, has espoused an interprofessional approach to the treatment of and recovery from substance use disorders, with a primary focus on alcohol use disorders. The individual, familial, community, and societal dimensions of treatment and ongoing recovery of human suffering associatedwith substance use disorders. This issue of the ATQ addresses spiritual aspects of recovery across the life cycle together with aspects of treatment ranging from licensure and certification of addiction professionals to interventions with first-time driving under the influence (DUI) offenders. The importance of narrative and the ways in which grief can be resolved in conjunction with 12-Step approaches are also explored. Spiritual and religious practices across the life cycle, as experienced in the Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) community, are addressed by Montes and Tonigan. They identify some age related benefits from AA participation and highlight special aspects of spiritual and religious practices that should be targeted based on the age of an AA affliate. Osilla and her colleagues propose a cognitive-behavioral approach to the treatment of first-time DUI offenders, an approach which prevents future DUI occurrences and also promotes coping skills relevant to other life events and decisions. Counselors exercise a decisive role in treatment initiatives in the addiction field and differences. Simons and her coauthors compare levels of professional confidence and proficiency among counselors who are certified and those who are degreed and licensed. Degrees of comfort in dealing with clients with coexisting addiction and mental health disorders between the two groups are explored. A Danish study, authored by Emiliussen and his colleagues, focuses on how older adults with late-onset alcohol problems identify their condition in terms of issues at work and caring for their families, preferring to address their drinking problems through selfregulation and the avoidance of stigmatization. The Perspectives section of this issue addresses elements of the inner world of persons' experiencing recovery. Gee and her coauthors give full voice, in an aesthetic format, to a person journeying from addiction to recovery and ultimate serenity. Loss and grief are consistent features of alcohol use disorders and Colistra and Smith show how 12-Step and grief approaches can be integrated in dealing with alcohol-related losses. In the concluding Book Review section, McGovern and White acknowledge the outstanding contribution Marc Galanter's recent book, What is Alcoholics Anonymous? A Path from Addiction to Recovery, makes to a wide range of helping professionals, to individuals and familymembers seeking release from alcohol-related problems. They are highly appreciative of the author's wisdom and experience, "a sage elder sharing what he has learned about AA in his work as an addiction psychiatrist over the span of half a century." Addressing the many issues associated with alcohol use disorders is challenging and hopefully this issue of the ATQ advances our understanding and ability to address these challenges. Your ongoing support of the ATQ, as authors and contributors, is deeply appreciated.


Pricing American equity options in a multi-factor setting is so cumbersome that the typical approach is based on, reduced, one-factor exercise strategies. Practitioners and academics calibrate the model to the European counterpart, but the early-exercise premium is derived from a barrier option or from Black-Scholes, depending only on the stock price. Conventional wisdom dictates that the associated losses are insignificant, a few basis points (bps), but there is no rationale behind it. We challenge this view. We factorize the associated losses in the product of four terms and properly distinguish between a barrier option, which implies a suboptimal exercise policy, and the case of Black-Scholes model, which introduces a misspecified model (but produces lower pricing errors which go either way). Pricing errors are significant (i.e., two-digits bps) only for in-the-money and mid-/long-term American options, in highly skewed models and with larger interest-rate dividend-yield spreads. In-the-money and long-term American options are a "tough call." Skewed models are associated to stochastic volatility. And the interest-rate dividend spread relates to the early-exercise-premium.


Existing analyses of the effects of fiscal policy in general equilibrium models have typically been conducted under the assumption that the long-run supply of capital is perfectly elastic at a fixed rate of time preference. These analyses have shown that the long-run response of the capital stock to changes in fiscal policy is crucial to generating the potential for 'multiplier' effects in these models. In this paper, the authors ask what the implications of relaxing the assumption of perfectly elastic capital supply are for the analysis of fiscal policy. They show that, with less than perfectly elastic capital supply, the potential for multipliers is actually enhanced. Copyright 1998 by Oxford University Press.


Of all the social identities discussed in the pages of our journal, one of the newest, at least in terms of popular usage, is that of the prosumer. This concept was invented by Alvin Toffler, a lapsed leftist Reaganite public intellectual in the US. Toffler was one of a merry band of male futurists who emerged in the 1960s and 1970s (think Ithiel de Sola Pool, Daniel Bell, Zbigniew Brzezinski, and Herman Kahn). They made reputations and money through predictions about broad social, cultural, political, and economic trends. Toffler coined the term 'prosumer' in 1980 to describe the vanguard class of a technologized future. In the 30-odd years since, but especially the decade of the World Wide Web, it has become a favored word (Ritzer & Jurgenson, 2010; Toffler, 1980). But rather than being entirely new, in Toffler's view, the prosumer partially represented a return to subsistence, to the period prior to the Industrial Revolution's division of labor – a time when we ate what we grew, built our own shelters, and gave birth without medicine. The specialization of agriculture and manufacturing and the rise of cities put paid to such autarky: the emergence of capitalism distinguished production from consumption via markets. Toffler discerned a paradoxical latter-day blend of the two seemingly opposed eras, symbolized by the French invention and marketing of home-pregnancy tests in the 1970s. These kits relied on the formal knowledge, manufacture, and distribution that typified modern life, but permitted customers to make their own diagnoses, cutting out the role of doctors as expert gatekeepers between applied science and the self. Toffler called this 'production for self-use.' He saw it at play elsewhere as well: in the vast array of civil society organizations that emerged at the time, the craze for 'self-help,' the popularity of self-serve gas stations as franchises struggled to survive after the 1973– 1974 oil crisis, and the proliferation of automatic teller machines as banks sought to reduce their retail labor force. The argument Toffler made 35 years ago, that we are simultaneously cultural consumers and producers, i.e. prosumers, is an idea whose time has come, as his fellow reactionary Victor Hugo (1907) almost put it. Internally divided – but happily so – each person is, as Foucault put it, 'a consumer on the one hand, but ... also a producer' (Foucault, 2008, p. 226). Toffler acknowledged the crucial role of corporations in constructing prosumption – they were there from the first, cutting costs and relying on labor undertaken by customers to externalize costs through what he termed 'willing seduction.' This was coeval with, and just as important as, the devolution of authority that would emerge from the new freedoms (Toffler, 1980, pp. 266, 269–270, 275). Translation: get customers to do unpaid work, even as they purchase goods and services. Just as Toffler imagined prosumers emerging from technological changes to the nature and interaction of consumption and production, he anticipated that these transformations would forge new relationships between proletarians and more educated Social Identities, 2014 Vol. 20, Nos. 4–5, 259–261, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504630.2015.1004830


With DL-lactic acid as raw material and zinc oxide as catalyst,lactide was synthesized through cyclo dehydration in mixed solution.The whole process was in the environment of decompression.The influence of the amount of catalyst and the influence of dehydration temperature on L-lactide yield were discussed.The crude product was purified with Ethanol by re-crystallization.A kind of high yield and high purity DL-lactide was got.The results from melting point tests,IR spectrum and solubility tests show that the product is DL-lactide.


Compared with high voltage column-type air-core reactors (HVCAR), high voltage toroid-type air-core reactors (HVTAR) generate much smaller external magnetic flux density (EMD) during operation, which significantly reduces magnetic clearance (MC), thereby reducing space occupied by air-core reactors. For HVTAR, existing methods such as finite element method (FEM) and numerical integration methods using the Biot-Savart law, cannot reveal the influence of the parameters of reactors on EMD. This paper proposes an analytic formula for EMD, in view of the special winding structure of HVTAR. It can directly reveal the influence of the working current, the number of coil units, n, and the size of the reactor on EMD. The analysis shows that the EMD decays with ρn + 1P, which is much faster than the attenuation rate of ρ3P of column-type reactors. The analytic formula is verified by comparison with the results of FEM. The analytic formula is simple and practical to calculate the EMD and MC quickly and guide the electromagnetic design of HVTAR directly.


One of the most popular concepts nowadays is the concept of human security. It is a concept that has attempted to rede(cid:976)ine the global security agenda and is perceived as a revolutionary act that shifts the focus of interest from the security of states to the security of the person, the security of the individual in the society. The idea of the concept is to establish human security by monitoring the indicators of human life disruption (economic security – freedom from poverty, unemployment; personal security, political security, etc.). The aim of the paper is to prove the necessity to develop the human security concept in the Republic of North Macedonia through scienti(cid:976)ic elaboration and practical implementation. Therefore, the content of this paper is meant to analyze threats to human security, speci(cid:976)ically through examples of poverty and unemployment, to differentiate separate categories of human insecurity and to show/point out that the concept of human security should be comprehensive and directed to the freedom from fear and freedom from poverty.


Automatic anatomical segmentation of pediatric brain MR data sets can be pursued with the use of registration algorithms when segmentation priors (atlases) are in hand. We investigated the performance of a maximum probability pediatric atlas (MPPA), template based registration and label propagation. The MPPA was created from the 33 pediatric data sets, available through www.brain-development.org. We evaluated the performance of the MPPA comparing with manual segmentations by means of the Dice overlap coefficient. Dice values, averaged across representative regions, were 0.90 ± 0.03 for the hippocampus, 0.92 ± 0.01 for the caudate nucleus and 0.92 ± 0.02 for the pre-central gyrus. Segmentations of 36 further unsegmented target 3T images (1-year-olds and 2-year-olds) yielded visibly high-quality results. This registration approach allows the rapid construction of automatically labeled pediatric brain atlases in a single registration step.


HSP are groups of stress‐inducible proteins which contribute to quality control by assisting the correct folding of both nascent and denatured proteins, and promoting the degradation of unrecoverable denatured proteins. HSP also help to maintain cellular homeostasis and protect from cell death through a mechanism called thermotolerance. Cells subjected to mild stress induce HSP which then protect them against subsequent stress. However, in cells subjected to severe stress, HSP promote apoptosis. Besides these intracellular events, HSP also exist in extracellular fluids, and have been shown to contribute to immunomodulation. In innate immunity extracellular HSP, like various microbial substances, induce various proinflammatory cytokines. In acquired immunity they interact with antigenic polypeptides and assist in antigen presentation. The extracellular HSP are so‐called adjuvant. Release of HSP from cells is triggered by stress and trauma, and is thus regarded as an immunological "danger signal". In addition, anti‐HSP autoantibodies are frequently found in patients with autoimmune diseases and inflammatory disorders, and these autoantibodies can modulate the "danger signal" triggered by extracellular HSP.


Evolution of Information and communication technology in the last few decades, has revamped the Education System. Traditional learning alone can no longer meet the needs of the learner or neither prepares them to survive in the 21st century knowledge and technology based society. The aim of this study is to know the awareness and acceptance level of innovative strategies of teachers: A case study of Hyderabad Division. Innovative teaching strategies help the students to understand the content in different dimensions. It provides the platform to students for varied experiences and responses. The present study focuses on the awareness and acceptance of innovative teaching learning strategies in teachers of higher secondary schools.The study used primary data sources from teachers of colleges at Hyderabad which included field notes and semi-structured interviews. Questionnaire which consists two parts: Part A: Acceptance of innovative teaching learning strategies Part B: Awareness of innovative teaching learning strategies. The population of the study was Hyderabad district. The simple random sampling technique was used for data collection. The sample size of the study was 200 teachers from Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government Vol. 27, No. 2,2021 https://cibg.org.au/ P-ISSN: 2204-1990; E-ISSN: 1323-6903 DOI: 10.47750/cibg.2021.27.02.650 6782 various colleges of Hyderabad District. SPSS software was used for data analysis which include statistical methods descriptive and Inferential.The study reveals innovative strategies are more used by B.Ed. teacher trainee than B.Sc.teachers. Teachers of science stream are taking more interest than Arts stream. The innovative strategies are more practical in male than female.


The commercialization of Virtual Reality (VR) devices is making the technology increasingly accessible to users around the world. Despite the success that VR is starting to see with its growing popularity, it has yet to become widely adopted and achieve its ultimate goal- convincingly simulate real life like experiences. The inability to generate adequate levels of presence and to prevent the manifestation of cybersickness are the two prominent barriers that have hindered VR from achieving its ultimate goal. While traditional research has examined factors that influence (correlate with) the onset and severity cybersickness, there is still a gap in our knowledge about the consequences of having motion control on cybersickness in immersive virtual environments (IVE's) achieved using tracked Head Mounted Displays (HMD's). Furthermore, outside of a correlational capacity, it is still unclear as to what causes cybersickness to affect presence in immersive virtual environments. The success of immersive virtual reality as a technology will hence largely come down to our ability to understand the interrelationship between these variables and then address the challenges they pose. Towards this end, we investigated how the affordance of motion control affects cybersickness and presence in an HMD based VR driving simulation by conducting a between subjects study where we manipulated the affordance of control between three experimental conditions. We leverage structural equation modeling in an attempt to build a framework that explains the relationship between virtual motion control, workload, cybersickness, time spent in the simulation, perceived time and presence. Our structural model helps explain why motion control could be an important factor to consider in addressing VR's challenges and realizing its ultimate aim to simulate reality.


A definite histological finding is as follows: the pancreatic parenchyma shows destruction and there is fibrosis in the interlobular area with a nodular (cid:1) cirrhosis―like pattern. A probable histological finding is destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma with fibrosis in the interlobular or inter― and intralobular ar-eas. However, interlobular fibrosis alone was not adopted for the definite criteria, but belongs to the probable criteria, because a nodular or cirrhosis―like pattern is necessary. Although inter― and intralobular fibrosis is a characteristic of obstructive pancreatitis, it is only a probable histological finding in cases with patchy distribution. We should not make a diagnosis of "chronic pancreatitis" only because there is no carcinoma in the resected specimen. Hence, the clinical diagnostic criteria for chronic pancreatitis 2009 were composed more briefly and definitely than the former criteria.


This exploratory study investigated the use of Campus Recreation services by Asian international students enrolled in a Midwestern university. The study examined factors affecting their levels of participation and perceived benefits from engaging in recreational sports. Results demonstrated that intramural sports and extramural sports were not popular among Asian international students, while they preferred informal sports and instructional sports. Significant differences of campus recreational sports types existed between gender and class standings among Asian international students. Asian international students reported more physical benefits than social benefits from participating in campus recreational sports. Finally, culture was not a barrier for Asian international students to participate in recreational sports. The Department of Campus Recreational Sports and the Office of International Service could promote different recreational sports programs more effectively to different target groups. Obtaining physical benefits was more effective than obtaining social benefits to attract Asian international students to participate in campus recreational sports.


The present invention relates to an air purifier combining an air sterilization and fine dust removal function, more particularly, through a catalytic reaction of the ultraviolet light and photocatalytic agent and sterilize the bacteria in the air, in particular bacteria and dust to the anion charge the ultraviolet and to ensure long-time exposure to the catalytic reaction of the photocatalyst of claim maximize the sterilizing effect and, on the fine particles or contaminants in the air in the air purifier combining an air sterilization and fine dust removal function can be removed by absorption through the electrostatic precipitator will be.


The current understanding of shallow subsurface sediment distribution and its relationship to geomorphic interpretations is limited, nevertheless the ability to make reliable environmental assessments and forecasts depends on such relationships. Thus, the objective of this research is to incorporate both detailed geomorphic mapping and subsurface data sets and to generate conceptual subsurface models. This methodology is developed for two study areas in southwestern Ohio: Bellefontaine and southwestern Clark County. The production of a detailed geomorphic map of the Bellefontaine study area was completed using ground transverses, a topographic map base, and interpreting aerial photographs. For southwest Clark County, an existing geomorphic map was employed. In both study areas, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) water well logs provided a framework augmented with additional borings conducted specifically for this work. From these efforts, reconstruction of multiple cross sections provides the basis for a regional subsurface model. In the Bellefontaine area, thin till covers a complex of relic moraines, kames, and outwash. The central map area is by far the most complicated due to dominance of adjoining moraines and kame moraines that have been subjected to significant reworking by glacial meltwater. In southwest Clark County, multiple glaciations are reflected by for instance by the deposition of a till, then partial erosion of the till and infilling by gravels. New stratigraphic insights indicate that the products of complete glaciation in such setting can be thin (~6 m) compared to the overall sediment thickness. This research demonstrates that enhanced reconstructions can be achieved when the subsurface sediment distribution is considered in view of the surface landforms. However, subsurface logs must be used with caution unless additional data is generated to verify them. Finally, although the conceptual models are unique to each study area, it is suggested that a similar approach is regionally applicable. Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr. Thomas Lowell and Dr. David Nash, my advisors, for all their input, patience, and efforts with all aspects of thesis compilation. I would also like to thank Dr. Warren Huff and Dr. Barry Maynard, as committee members, for their helpful advise. In addition, I thank John Muhlhauser for his assistance with fieldwork. I am indebted to my mother, Sandra Moles and father, Thomas Markley, my brother, Stephen and sister, Diane Markley; for without their constant presence and support, I would not have made it this far. I also express thanks to my friends from Erie and Cincinnati as well as fellow geology students for their support, humor, and reassurance. Additionally, would like to thank the University of Cincinnati Geology Department for their funding and the opportunity to teach. Finally, I would like to thank the United States Geological Survey, National cooperative Geologic Mapping Program for their support through Assistance Award No. 00HQAG0040.


From the Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and the Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Milan; the Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Maggiore Hospital; and Mangiagalli and Regina Elena Foundation — all in Milan (P.M.M.); and the Department of Medicine and Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (M.L.). Address reprint requests to Dr. Mannucci at Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy, or at pmmannucci@ libero.it.


Introduction Human tissues (such as blood, skin, cell) based electronic circuit technology could be the key for creating Cyborg implants and Human-machine interface. Such electronic circuitry links human tissues and nerve cells directly to an electronic device such as a robotic limb or artificial eye. Dynamics of electrically charged nanoparticles, the ions are vital constituents of human skin. The human skin consists of a number of layers located one above the other possessing heterogeneous lossy dielectric constant profile. The epidermis, the dermis, and subcutis are prominent layers of the skin. Subjecting a portion of human skin to varying EMF the realization of electrical circuit components and circuits is possible. Now-a-days, research and innovations on the liquid electronics circuits and liquid conducting medium have very high potential in biotechnology domain. Solid state electronic circuits are useful only for hardware engineering purpose. They are no longer useful for nature-friendly circuits. They would not be utilized for any human-machine interface. To apply conventional electronics fundamentals on the human body, it is highly required to demonstrate liquid based electronic circuit which could be humanfriendly. The liquid-based electronic circuits are feasible with proper instrumentation [1]. Human body parts like skin, live Abstract Biotechnology has tuned the research to innovate nature friendly electronic circuits. Liquid based electronic circuits are the most appropriate circuits for the same. Few researchers have started developing circuits from conducting liquid as well as from leaves. Still more concentration is required to develop nature friendly circuits because material used in circuit plays an important role in aforesaid research. In this paper, the author has successfully presented a pure biological electronic transistor amplifier circuit. A very thin diameter silicon rubber tubes, filled with conductive liquid are utilized as copper wires for the circuit. Each component of the conventional circuit has been replaced by different diameter tubes. The presented circuit has shown the desired response for certain frequencies. Presented paper claims that with proper instrumentation pure biological human implantable circuits could be possible. The presented research paper claims that if similar kind of circuits could be feasible with clinical care, it would knock the door of a novel research. Humans are suffering from different diseases due to certain habits or improper diet. Aforesaid human implantable circuits could be useful for making the body parts functioning and also to replace the damaged organ with newly invented artificial circuits.


Background: Urosepsis means a severe infection of urinary tract (UTI) and/or male genital tract (prostate) with features consistent with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. UTI may occur among all the age groups and produce a broad range of clinical syndromes ranging from asymptomatic bacteriuria to acute pyelonephritis with gram negative sepsis to septic shock. It is estimated that the mortality rate due to urosepsis ranges from 30 to 40 p.c respectively. Urosepsis may also cause multiple organ dysfunction, hypoperfusion or hypotension. Urosepsis due to percutaneous nephrolithotomy may be catastrophic despite prophylactic antibiotic coverage and negative midstream urine culture and sensitivity testing (C&S) and bacteria in the stone can be responsible for systemic infection. The aim of the study is to compare bladder urine (culture      & sensitivity) and collecting system urine and stone (culture and sensitivity) in predicting urosepsis following percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Subjects and Methods: A hospital-based, analytical prospective clinical study was conducted among thirty cases who were present during   the study period and had undergone percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Cases were included irrespective of gender with renal calculi       in whom percutaneous nephrolithotomy was about to be done at Narayana Medical College & Hospital, Chintareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh during 1st February 2014 to 31st January 2015. Data collected was divided into three main groups Midstream urine (C&S); Pelvic urine (C&S); and Stone (C&S) respectively. Data obtained was entered in Microsoft Excel-2013 and analyzed in SPSS version-22 trial. Appropriate statistical tests were applied and p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Bladder urine (C&S) was positive in 3/30 (10.00%) patients, Pelvic urine (C&S) in 5/30 (16.66 %) patients and Stone (C&S) in 8/30 (26.66 %) patients. Most of the infected specimens grew Escherichia coli followed by pseudomonas, klebsiella, enterococcus. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) was reported among 26.7 p.c (8) of the patients. In one patient (3.33%) septic shock developed but no deaths were reported. Conclusion: Stone (C&S) and Pelvic urine (C&S) are better predictors of urosepsis than Bladder urine (C&S).


Focal neurological disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome may be caused by various opportunistic pathogens and malignancies, including Toxoplasma gondii, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Diagnosis may be difficult, because the findings of lumbar puncture, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are relatively nonspecific with a varying degree of overlap.


The prediction of power fluxes and plasma-wall interactions impacted by MHD processes during ITER operation [disruption, Edge Localized Modes (ELMs), 3D magnetic fields applied for ELM control, etc.] requires models that include an accurate description of the MHD processes themselves, as well as of the edge plasma and plasma-wall interaction processes. In this paper, we report progress on improving the edge plasma physics models in the nonlinear extended MHD code JOREK, which has capabilities to simulate the MHD response of the plasma to the applied external 3D fields, disruptions and ELMs. The extended MHD model includes E ×  B drifts, diamagnetic drifts, and neoclassical flows. These drifts can have large influences, on e.g., divertor asymmetries. Realistic divertor conditions are important for impurity sputtering, transport, and their effect on the plasma. In this work, we implemented kinetic and fluid neutral physics modules, investigated the influence of poloidal flows under divertor conditions in the ITER PFPO-1 (1.8T/5MA) H-mode plasma scenario, and compared the divertor plasma conditions and heat flux to the wall for both the fluid and kinetic neutral model (in JOREK) to the well-established 2D boundary plasma simulation code suite SOLPS-ITER. As an application of the newly developed model, we investigated time-dependent divertor solutions and the transition from attached to partially detached plasmas. We present the formation of a high-field-side high-density-region and how it is driven by poloidal E ×  B drifts.


[Objective]The yellow water as basic raw material was used for the preparation of the probiotic.[Method]The yellow water inoculated with yeast,lactic acid bacteria and Bacillaceae were fermented for the production of probiotic.[Result]The probiotic could be used for the control of animal and plant disease and the improvement of animal and plant growth.Taking Yellow water as basic raw material to produce probiotic both opened up new approach of the utilization of the yellow water from wine brewing and reduced its pollution to environment,which was also cost-saving.[Conclusion]The technique could produce the considerable economic benefit and could be as the reference for liquor brewing company.


Holst et al. Genomics, 35, 441-447 (1996).* Holst et al. Genomics, 35, 441-447 (1996).* Stalfors et al. (1987), The Enzymes, vol. XVIII, pp. 147 177, Academic Press.* Chinoy et al., "Amerlioration of fluoride toxicity in some accessory reproductive glands and spermatozoa of rat." Fluoride 28(2):75-86, 1995. Holm et al., "Immunological evidence for the presence of hormone-sensitive lipase in rat tissues other than adipose tissue." Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 148(1):99-105, Oct. 14, 1987. Wang, et al., "Expression of Human Hormone-Sensitive Lipase (HSL) in Postmeiotic Germ Cells Confers Normal Fertility to HSL-Deficient Mice. Endocrinology 145(12):5688-5693 (2004). Zambrowicz and Sands, "Knockouts Model the 100 Best Selling Drugs Will They Model the Next 100?" Nature 2:38-51 (Jan. 2003). Zambrowicz et al., "Predicting drug efficacy: knockouts model pipeline drugs of the pharmaceutical industry. Cur rent Opinion in Pharm. 3:563-570 (2003).


[Objective] The paper was to explore the relationship between SOD activity and resistance of corn against Setosphaeria turcica.[Method] Strain YC and 01-23T of S.turcica with different pathogenicity were inoculated into corn leaves by fungal disc inoculation method,and the dynamic changes of SOD activity in infected corn leaves were measured.[Result] After inoculation of strong virulent strain YC and weak virulent strain 01-23T of S.turcica,SOD activity in corn leaves within 1-5 d showed obvious stages,which gradually decreased within 1-3 d,gradually increased within 3-4 d,and decreased again within 4-5 d.The SOD activity of corn leaves in inoculation treatment was higher than that in the treatment without inoculation within 1-4 d,which significantly decreased at the fifth day.The pathogen with different pathogenicity would lead to different changes in SOD activity of corn leaves.SOD activity of corn leaves infected by weak virulent strain 01-23T for the first day was extremely higher than that infected by strong virulent strain YC,but had no significant difference with strong virulent strain YC at 2-3 d.[Conclusion] SOD activity played an important role in initial resistant ability of corn against pathogen infection,and had no significant effect on resistance against pathogen extension after incidence.


ABSTRCT: The present study and field measurements were carried out at broiler farms in Menoufia Governorate (Sadat City, El Khatatba, Ashmone, Kafr Dawod and Menouf) during the period in 2016 and 2017. The great object of this study was to determine the effect of some environmental factors (such as type of farms, density and in addition to, strains effects) on production and economical efficiency of broiler in Menoufia Governmente.Three densities were applied in open system, the first was 12 birds/ square meter, the second was 13 birds/m2 and the third was 14 birds/m2. But in closed system, four densities were applied (12, 13, 14 and 15 birds/m2). All birds were reared on deep litter with expansive floors. The studied traits were ( Body weights, growth rates, water and feed consumption, meat production traits and economic environmental of meat production. The most important results were: 1stocking densities 15/m2 in closed system produced meat production were higher than other densities, (28.20 kg/m2). In open system, the stocking densities of 14/m2 produced more meat production (29.06 kg/m2). 2Also, Arbor Acre strain realized were more meat production as 27.22 kg/m2, while they were 26.57 kg/m2 for Cobb and 26.13 kg/m2 for Avian. 3In addition, closed system was more efficient in most traits where birds have higher body weight at 28 days, consumed less feed till 28 days of age and lower water consumption. 4These results indicated that the production cost per kg was higher in open system than closed system.


In this paper we derive a generalized method to compute the error probabilities of singular value decomposition-based receivers for a MIMO system with uncoded transmission. The method can be used for a wide class of flat fading environments, including i.i.d. and semi-correlated Rayleigh and i.i.d. Ricean channels. Although we apply the method to equal-power BPSK, it can easily be extended to higher order M-PSK and M-QAM signal constellations and adaptive "water-filling" schemes. The error probability curves derived from closed-form formulas and simulations demonstrate very close agreement. We also compare the error performances of CI, MMSE and ZF receivers with the SVD receiver.


Milk is such a food which can meet almost all nutritional needs of human lives. Raw or unprocessed milk supports the growth of wide variety of microorganisms. The major interests of this study were examining the microbial quality of raw milk collected from different locations of Jessore city in Bangladesh and determining antibiotic susceptibility pattern of some isolated bacteria. To do so, 12 raw milk samples were collected from different areas of Jessore city. Microbial analysis comprised of enumeration of TVC (total viable count), TCC (total coliform count) and TSC (total staphylococcal count). The highest TVC, TCC and TSC were 1.95x10 9 CFU/ml, 2.5x10 7 CFU/ml and 1.02x10 7 CFU/ml respectively. Prevalent bacterial populations were Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Shigella spp. Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Citrobacter spp. In order to observe the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, the antibiotic sensitivity test was performed for some randomly selected isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. More than 90% isolates of Klebsiella spp. were found to be resistant against Erythromycin whereas more than 90% isolates were sensitive against Imipenem. On the other hand, 100% E. coli isolates were observed as resistant against Erythromycin and in case of Trimethopreme 100% isolates were sensitive. Multidrug resistance pattern was also found. These results suggest the necessity of hygienic practices during handling, processing and post-processing of raw milk to improve the microbiological quality and safety of raw milk. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23723 Bangl. J. Vet. Med . (2015). 13 (1): 71-78


Objective: To identify the genetic variants in the CYP1B1 gene associated with Primary Congenital Glaucoma (PCG) and to predict its pathological effect. Method: A descriptive study was conducted in the time period of nine months (September 2021-May 2022) after the ethical approval was taken from The Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health (CH & ICH). Two milliliters of the blood sample from PCG-affected individuals were collected in EDTA vacutainers and genomic DNA was extracted by a phenol-chloroform method. The semi-quantification of extracted DNA was done by agarose gel electrophoresis. PCR amplification was performed by specific primers of CYP1B1 gene then termination sequencing (di-deoxy) was done to detect the genetic variants. Different bioinformatics tools such as BLAST, Ensembl, Clustal Omega, Polyphen and SIFT were used for the further analysis of mutation causing the disease. Result: A total of 85% of patients were bilaterally affected, while 15% were unilaterally affected. Mutation analysis identified five non related known variants. Two missense mutations (c.355 G/T p.A119S and c.685G/A p.E229K) occurred in 94% patients and intragenic SNP occurred in 29% patients along with the 1% somatic (c.693C/A p.F231L) and stop gained mutation (c.840C/A p.C280*). Conclusion: Genetic analysis in the current study showed that 85% of PCG affected patients were due to the CYP1B1 mutation, and disease heterogeneity might be reduced through genetic counseling.


This paper considers questions raised as an artist working alongside archaeologists on the Making a Mark project. This project looked again at the decorated and portable objects of the British Neolithic. The shifting relationships of field walking and narration as practices produced a set of encounters with things and sites, with their digital counterparts and technical images. Data capture produced new objects: things we compiled, fabricated, rigged and assembled. Bundles, pelts, skins and shells. Re-purposed proto-objects, unwrapped UV maps. Such engagements led us to consider the anatomy, pathology and ontology of a digital model. We developed a sense of the ecology of the digital synanthrope, neophyte familiars and pest species nesting in the midden, spinning webs in the dark spaces. Our method here is that of the fox, digging holes in the section, queering the strata for reasons of our own. We want to talk about the possibilities this project opened out for socio-technical networking: the activation of digital remnants - the taphonomy of expropriated artefacts in UK collections - by Indigenous art programme students in SW Alberta.


The effects of changes in the landscape and alteration of natural flow process on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages were investigated in 67 small‐to‐medium sized (15–526 km2) upland streams in the northeastern United States. Environmental characteristics that were found to be important in determining macroinvertebrate‐assemblage composition include urbanization and concomitant changes in natural streamflow patterns. In particular, hydrologic attributes accounted for a significant proportion of the variability and were important in driving modifications to assemblage structure after natural environmental variability was extracted. For example, mean April flow accounted for the greatest amount of assemblage variability in any single multiple linear regression (MLR) model (65%) and duration of high flows accounted for a significant portion of the assemblage variability in the five, four and one‐variable models (25, 26, and 23%, respectively). Seasonal predictability of low flow consistently accounted for a significant proportion of the assemblage variability in all but the two‐variable (MLR) model. Significant (p < 0·05) bivariate flow–ecology response relations were established, especially for hydrologic measures that account for the frequency, duration, and magnitude of flow events, and these relations generally followed increasing or decreasing trends that would be expected given changes in stream hydrology. This study demonstrates that there are likely specific negative consequences to stream biotic integrity in northeastern streams as the result of hydrologic alteration associated with basin urbanization. Understanding the relations between hydrologic modification and aquatic assemblages will help efforts to set sustainable flow standards for protection of aquatic assemblages while providing water for human needs. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The indoor positioning system is one of the popular topics in the current study; it is mainly due to the inability of the Global Positioning System (GPS) applied inside a building. LANDMARC (Location Identification based on Dynamic Active RFID Calibration) and Enhanced LANDMARC Scenario use calibration RSSI values and weighted process to obtain accuracy of position estimation. Meanwhile, WPL (Weighted Pathloss) method improves the positioning accuracy of the two previous methods (LANDMARC and Enhanced LANDMARC) by observing the Path Loss Exponent (PLE) value in an indoor environment, followed by using the value to estimate the object position. We propose a Modified WPL uses Cluster Based Pathloss Exponent (PLE) method by combining the functions of the existing calibration in LANDMARC Scenario with the Cluster Based PLE value. The test bed was conducted in an indoor area on the 3rd floor of the PENS Postgraduate Building. The nodes were connected to each other using X-Bee Pro S2 module. RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) value was used to estimate the distance between transmitter and receiver nodes. The result of the MSE estimation position using the proposed method was 3.80 meters, whereas WPL method was 5.78 meters. Overall, the proposed Modified WPL with Cluster Based PLE method showed that it had the capability to enhance the accuracy of localization; 34% better than the standard WPL method.


Culturesof 1210leukemiacells(L1210)havebeenfound to release C-type retrovirus.Since L1210is used as a commonmodelsystemin cancerresearch,the potential influenceof these virusparticlesin the courseof tumor cell growthwas studied.The virusparticlewas foundto be nononcogenic and noninfectious in standardassays for xenotropicand ecotropicmurine retroviruses.The virus,designatedas L1210virus,had a normalcomple ment of viral proteins,exceptthat it has no detectable gplO (a glycoprotein with a molecularweightof 70,000). Quantitativeradioimmunoassay for the major structural protein,p30(a proteinwitha molecularweightof 30,000) indicatedthatthevirusisat least1000-foldmoredefective than are ecotropicvirusessuch as AKR and Moboney leukemiavirus. L1210cellsgrownin vitroreleasedabout20-foldmore particle-associated p30thandidIn vivo-cultured cells,but cell-associated p30andgp7Owerefoundat similarlevels. Both in vitro- and In vivo-cuftured cells displayed gp7Oon


This article relates contingency theory management to the EDP function of the organization. The technology and environment of an organization establish the organization's position on a continuum ranging from closed/stable/mechanistic to open/adaptive/organic. The application of this concept is interesting and useful for the EDP manager. Two components of the EDP function, production and development, are related to managerial contingency theory.


Introduction: Various methods can be used for the detection of tuberculosis of which microscopy,culture and identification of the organism's DNA are known. Newly introduced Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) if used in combination with other tests provide improved diagnostic yield. Aims and Objectives: Todiagnose tuberculosis bacilli in various cytological samples and sputum samples. To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of combined approach of conventional smear study and and CBNAAT. Material and Methods: A Total of 50 cytology samples received in Pathology Department were studied over a period of 6 months.These included sputum(20), lymph node(22),body fluids(8).For these samples routine staining and ziehlneelsen are done and the remaining sample is sent for CBNAAT.Resultsare compared among AFB,CBNAAT for these samples. Sensitivity and specificity of microscopy and CBNAAT tests were calculated. Results: Out of 50 cases 31 cases were positive for smear study and 29 cases were positive for CBNAAT. Conclusion: Cytological examination of TB in association with CBNAAT is more confirmatory,sensitive and specific tool for the early diagnosis of MTB in variety of clinical samples.


Nutritional composition containing the carbohydrate in order to maximize performance, as well as its manufacturing and use are provided. Nutritional composition provides the appropriate amount and type of nutritional supplying appropriate energy source for the body for performance, providing consumed by the invigorating easy composition. Performance, for example, requires physical stamina and / or mental alertness can kinematic a scholarly or other performance. In one embodiment, the nutritional composition is by the consumer prior to consumption, a blend of powders to be returned. And making such nutritional compositions, methods of administering to an individual in need is also provided. .FIELD 1


The procedure of programmed outline incorporates diminishing a content archive by a program so as to make a synopsis that holds the joke of the first content. Data overburden has extended and in this manner making it troublesome for people to physically abridge immense measures of content. Extensively synopsis should be possible by either extractive or abstractive strategies. Extraction comprises of choosing powerful sentences from the content and joining them into compact organization. This strategy works y choosing a subset of existingive strategies. Extraction comprises of choosing powerful sentences from the content and joining them into compact organization. This strategy works y choosing a subset of existing words, expressions or sentences in the first content to frame the


Formation of competence in the course of professional training deals with the problem of professional competence as the educational outcome and a characteristic feature of the labor subject that determines the readiness to cope with job tasks on the basis of professional competences and personal qualities. The electronic learning resource "Virtual laboratory of environmental engineer" is presented as an effectual tool of formation of professional competence of future environmental engineers in the course of their training at the engineering university. The "Virtual laboratory of environmental engineer" was designed and implemented basing on interdisciplinary approach. It was elaborated and used with the help of informational and communicational technologies. The main goal of the resource is to actualize the students' self-education.


In spite of tremendous efforts to clean Southern California's air, the area is still the most polluted in the nation. Mobile sources continue to be the dominant factor even though California has the most stringent emission standards for on-road vehicles. Numerous studies have concluded that a few percent of the on-road vehicle population contribute to the majority of air emissions. A pilot program sponsored by the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) and conducted by the Desert Research Institute (DRI) of Reno, Nevada, was implemented in May, 1995 in Orange County California. The program was conducted in order to determine the profile of these high emitting vehicles (HEV), using newly developed remote sensing devices which provide instantaneous measurements of exhaust emissions of vehicles passing by the unit. It was also hoped that this program would help to determine the feasibility of identifying and repairing a sample of the HEVS. Ten different sites were selected for measuring carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions from vehicles passing by the remote sensing device. Two additional sites were used for a period of two weeks to pull over high-emitting vehicles and to recruit these vehicles for free repairs. Monetary incentives, as well as rental cars, were provided to the motorists. This paper discusses design parameters of the program, the implementation process, emission reductions achieved, and the cost of the program. Furthermore, recommendations will be provided on how to use this type of program to offset some of the onerous requirements imposed on the motorists, and how to connect this element of ITS to other elements of ITS to make vehicles more environmentally and user friendly.


We have built a Monte Carlo generator for simulating propagation of cosmic ray particles in the atmosphere. The core of the generator is ap-air nuclear interaction model in which SD and NSD processes are included in the inelastic collisions. Based on QCD partonic theory, multiple minijet production is described in detail in the NSD process. A phase-space model is used for the SD process in our work. This generator reproduces cosmic ray experimental data well at very high energies.


The utility model discloses a coking furnace capable of circularly using heat energy, which comprises a furnace body, an exhaust gas circulating system and a crude gas treating system, wherein the furnace body comprises a coal feeding section, a coal block quickly heating section, a crude gas exporting section, a coal dry distilling and coking section, a coke tempering section, a dry-method coke quenching section and a coke discharging section from top to bottom; the exhaust gas circulating system comprises an exhaust gas exporting device, an exhaust gas heat exchanger, a commutator and the like; and the crude gas treating system comprises a crude gas exporting device. Through the coking furnace, coal can be subjected to dry distillation and coking continuously; dry-method coke quenching is performed by using combusted exhaust gas; pre-dried coal can be quickly heated to 300 DEG C in a process that the coal is fed into the furnace; the coal is subjected to dry distillation and coking; and dry-method coke quenching is performed by using the exhaust gas which is generated when the coal is combusted and then is cooled by exchanging heat with air to continuously produce coke. Therefore, the pollution in the production process is low; a coal industry chain is prolonged; the coking cost is reduced; the coal type for coking is expanded; the quality of a product is improved; the margin is widened to a great extent; and the maintenance cost is low.


Occurrent changes in transport domain especially regarding to reorientation of market for consumer have determined necessary apply of advanced management decisions while organizational management of public passenger transport along with that formation of whole new transport control system being flexible to quick-changeable environmental conditions and to consumer's priorities is demanded. Sizable subsidies and different level budgets are required because of usually unprofitable Russian urban public transport. Despite of it there is still necessity of search for solutions on the part of companies making wastes cut and permitting to level with positive efficiency of work activity. Model techniques of logistic analysis are effective discrimination methods from many influencing factors and unities of particular significance for end of purpose and therefore must be high priority. This article contains quoted results of Municipal Bus Service Efficiency Research in terms of Yekaterinburg city, permitting to improve efficiency vehicle operation according certain criterions.


The ecological footprint method was proposed in 1992 and improved later, and is widely applied in the assessment of sustainable development by its balance comparison to the bio⁃capacity. The ecological footprint is an area indicator demonstrating the human impact on natural capitals. Although the indicator of ecological footprint distance is established on the basis of ecological footprint, it describes the ecologically dependent distance of a city, which might be a valuable supplement and improvement to the ecological footprint and bio⁃capacity theory system. This study analyzed the ecological footprint distance of Beijing′s fruit consumption. Population data and resident fruit consumptions were collected from the "Beijing Statistical Yearbook" and "Chinese Migrants Development Report" from 2008 to 2012. Additionally, a market investigation was carried out. There was an overall increasing trend of Beijing′s fruit ecological footprint distance, imported fruit mass, and fruit ecological footprint distance per capita. From 2009 to 2012, the distance of imported fruit mass increased by 47.91% (to 17.01 billion t km); the fruit ecological footprint distance fluctuated smoothly between 8.87


Action-orientation is portrayed as key for entrepreneurship. To understand the conditions under which action-orientation is indeed favourable for entrepreneurs, we introduce the personality-systems-interaction (PSI) theory to entrepreneurship research. PSI theory distinguishes action- versus state-orientation and explains how both dispositions influence an entrepreneur's cognition (including goals), emotional reactions and the resulting behaviour. It provides a novel basis for understanding individual differences in persistence and progression through the venture creation process. Based on the tenets of PSI theory, we develop propositions to explain how action-oriented versus state-oriented individuals respond differently to the demands of the entrepreneurial process.


The primary objectives of this study encompass three main aspects: firstly, to determine and thoroughly analyze the influence of Leadership Agility on Organizational Agility; secondly, to ascertain and examine the impact of Organizational Culture on Organizational Agility; and finally, to establish and evaluate the effect of Motivation on Organizational Agility. To accomplish these objectives, a research methodology comprising descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis was employed, with a sample size consisting of 85 respondents. The outcomes derived from the multiple linear regression analysis revealed several noteworthy findings. Firstly, it was observed that Leadership Agility exerted a positive and significant influence on Organizational Agility. This suggests that leaders who possess agile qualities, such as adaptability, flexibility, and effective decision-making, contribute significantly to enhancing the overall agility of the organization. Secondly, the study found that Organizational Culture also played a crucial role in shaping Organizational Agility. A positive and significant relationship was identified, indicating that a strong and supportive culture that values innovation, collaboration, and learning fosters organizational agility. Lastly, the analysis demonstrated that Motivation exhibited a positive and significant impact on Organizational Agility. Motivated employees who are driven by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as recognition, rewards, and a sense of purpose, contribute to a more agile organization. Overall, this research underscores the importance of Leadership Agility, Organizational Culture, and Motivation in driving and sustaining Organizational Agility. The findings emphasize the significance of cultivating agile leaders, fostering a supportive culture, and nurturing employee motivation to enhance an organization's ability to adapt, innovate, and thrive in a dynamic business environment.


IEEE Electr i f icat ion Magazine / march 2019 63 he Ieee InternatIonal transportation electrifi cation Conference and expo (IteC) series of conferences was initiated in 2012 with its first event held in Detroit. the idea was to create a forum for industry re  searchers to mingle with one anoth er and meet interested academics to share ideas and information in this rapidly evolving field. Since then, IteC has grown considerably, both in size and location, becoming an established event in the field. Be  cause of its industry focus, it is held in various regions of the globe every year to attract industry from that part of the world. It currently con sists of four events.


The use of ``microwave magnets'' dates, in this country, from about 1939, when the first Alnico magnets were made for magnetron tubes. Permanent magnets for this application usually involve more engineering and encounter more production problems than any other usage. All crossed‐field tubes and all tubes using a magnetic field to focus a beam of electrons depend for their operation on the basic reaction between a moving charge and a magnetic field: F=ev×B, essentially the motor reaction. The electrical efficiencies of all electromagnetic, dynamic devices depend, in a complicated fashion, upon the magnetic energy density within the interaction volume. This underlies the fundamental design problem connected with microwave tube magnets.The solution of this problem sometimes requires special design techniques, and normally demands much in the way of special manufacturing equipment and procedures. Because of the large magnets usually involved, maximum stored energy is important, but maximum stored energy per d...


The invention relates to a selective hydrogenation method of high unsaturated hydrocarbons in C4 fractions, which is characterized in that salvage stores which are rich in acetylene hydrocarbon and prepared by extracting butadiene are used as the material, and a fixed bed reactor is adopted to obtain 1, 3-budiene by selective hydrogenation under the existence of a catalyst. The adopted process conditions are as follows: the reaction temperature is between 30 DEG C and 90 DEG C, the reaction pressure is between 1.0 MPa and 4.0 MPa and the liquid space velocity is 7 to 20h . The catalyst is preferably a palladium system catalyst with alumina as a carrier, the specific surface is 50 to 150m /g and the specific pore volume is 0.25 to 1.0ml/g. The method has remarkable good effects on reducing waste of resources and improving economic benefits by effectively utilizing the salvage stores rich in acetylene hydrocarbon and prepared by extracting butadiene.


The rivers are one of the main sources of water supply for different usage like agriculture, domestic and industrial. Therefore, according to the recent droughts in the country and also urban and rural development it is important to conserve these resources. In the basin of Sefidroud river ther is a small river that named Siyahroud. The rivers after passing from the eastern part of Rasht City reach to Pirbazar River and at the end to Anzali Lagoon. A lot of wastewater from factories, urban and agricultural activities discharge directly to the river and put the river in danger. In this Case study the pollution resources and the quality parameters of the river analyzed and compared with quality standard of Iran Department of Environment. Furthermore the discharge of the river during 40 years period analyzed and the months with lowest discharge determined. Then the pollution trend during the year compared with the discharge of the river and at the end some suggestion presented to joint of a section Sefidroud river to Syahroud for reduce the impacts of pollution.


Over the past decade, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation has sponsored a series of industry studies, the aim of which is to understand how technology and human resources practices blend together to create high-performance workplaces and competitive industries. This report summarizes the first year of one of the studies devoted to the financial services industry: an analysis of the performance of financial services.


Optimal initial tacrolimus dosing and early exposure of tacrolimus after renal transplantation is not well studied. Based on the assumption that current treatment protocols using frequent trough level determinations in the first week after transplantation may cause overexposure related nephrotoxic side effects and frequent monitoring is costly and not supported by basic pharmacokinetic principles, we had the hypothesis that early low and fixed tacrolimus dosing may be a safe and practical alternative.

 In this open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled, non-inferiority study, we randomly assigned 432 renal allograft recipients to receive basiliximab induction, mycophenolate and steroids and either standard prolonged-release tacrolimus (trough levels: 7-9 ng/ml; arm A), or an initial 7-day fixed 5 mg/day dose of prolonged-release tacrolimus followed by lower tacrolimus predose levels (trough levels: 5-7 ng/ml; arm B, see Figure 1). The primary end point was the combined incidence rate of biopsy-proven acute rejections (BPAR; including borderline), graft failure or death at 6 months with a non-inferiority margin of 12.5 %.

 The combined primary endpoint in arm B was non-inferior compared to the control arm A (22.1 % versus 20.2 %; difference 95 % CI: 1.9- 8.8 %). While overall rate of BPAR including borderlines were similar (B: 17.4 % versus A: 16.1 % (see Figure 2), a statistically significant difference of higher than borderline graded BPAR was noted (B: 11.6 % vs. A: 5.2 %; p = 0.027). Safety parameters such as delayed graft function, kidney function, infections or post-transplantation diabetes mellitus did not differ.

 An initial fixed low prolonged release tacrolimus dose of 5 mg/day followed by lower tacrolimus exposure is non-inferior compared to standard tacrolimus therapy and equally efficient and safe within 6 months after renal transplantation. (EudraCT-Nr: 2013-001770-19).


This paper focuses on the establishment of agricultural innovation platforms (AIPs) in the communal areas of Hwedza in Zimbabwe. Through the efforts of non-governmental organisations (NGOs), there have been initiatives to improve agricultural productivity in Africa and Zimbabwe in particular. One such intervention has been the AIPs that seek to bring together all stakeholders who can meaningfully contribute to the improvement of agriculture. Using largely qualitative approaches, data was collected through interviews from small scale farmers as well as different actors who were involved in the AIPs. The respondents in the study also included NGO workers, academic researchers, government workers, traditional leaders, agricultural financiers, extension workers and state-owned institutions. Using Norman Long's interface analysis as the central theoretical framework, key findings showed that communal areas were active communities that had their own socio-economic network systems which govern how smallholder farmers operate. It also emerged that IPs are a result of a combination of the social and the formal/institutionalised structures that interacted in Hwedza. The paper concludes that IPs were established in Hwedza through a series of interactive processes among actors and these were not always smooth and successful.


Introduction :  Health care personnel: nurses, midwives and paramedics provide their work on the basis of different forms of employment: employment contract under labour law, private practice, or a contract under civil law. The aim of the study was to investigate the preferences of these professionals in the field of the most desired forms of employment, and to examine whether personnel perform work in their preferred form, as well as knowledge of the factors affecting these preferences. Materials and methods : The study involved 202 people performing work in medical professions. There were 128 nurses, 42 midwives and 32 paramedics. The study used a questionnaire that allowed the author to achieve the objectives of the research. Results :  Both among health professionals working in the medical entities under an employment contract, as well as running their private practice and employed on the basis of the so-called contract, there was a statistical relationship between the actual and preferred form of employment. In both groups, the majority of workers intended to continue the current form of employment, with a much larger percentage of respondents among those employed under a contract of employment (statistical significance p < 0.000001). Conclusions :  The majority of respondents prefer to work based on the contract of employment. The reasons explaining this preference were the protection of employment under labour law, and social benefits. Those preferring self-employment were motivated by the opportunity to obtain higher incomes. Health care professionals should be ensured genuine freedom to choose the type of employment according to their preferences.


We know very little about the effects of time-shifting schemes like British Summer Time (BST). Felix Weinhardt argues that if we are committed to reducing energy, further research into the real impact of daylight saving time is needed to determine whether it in fact, saves us anything.


We report advanced modulation formats in transmission systems operating for 40Gb/s DWDM for multi-Tb/s photonic transport networks including (1) efficient RZ, RZ-CS, RZ-CS VSB for optimizing dispersion tolerance in linear and nonlinear operating regimes (2) disperison management and compensation techniques (3) equalization of gain by lumped and distributed amplification. Simulated and some experimental results are given.


Arthropods are the cause of considerable human morbidity. In spite of numerous text books and reviews published on arthropods of medical importance, this is the first paper in the world to present a comprehensive review of specimens sent to a medical entomology laboratory over an extended period. The Department of Medical Entomology at Westmead Hospital is the New South Wales reference laboratory for arthropods of medical importance. In the years 1988–2017, there were 5655 samples submitted for identification. Some 25 orders, 188 families and 177 different genera were recorded, with 170 unique species. The most common specimens included the Australian paralysis tick Ixodes holocyclus (708 specimens submitted), the bird mite Ornithonyssus bursa (506), bed bugs Cimex spp. (149), moth flies Clogmia spp. (135), head lice Pediculus capitis (105), pubic lice Pthirus pubis (91) and scabies Sarcoptes scabiei (57). In 1211 samples submitted, there was no evidence for any life stages of arthropods. For these common samples, data analysed included yearly and seasonal trends, female vs. male patient submissions and the age classes of the patients. Some species such as I. holocyclus, O. bursa, Cimex spp., Clogmia spp. and P. capitis demonstrated strong seasonal trends. In the case of the female vs. male patients, there were significant differences in submissions with O. bursa, P. capitis, P. pubis and with the samples containing no arthropod evidence. Of these, only with P. pubis did more males submit than females. Younger ages classes (<10 years) were more associated with I. holocyclus and P. capitis, older patients >70 years) with scabies, mature females (50–69 years) with samples containing no evidence of arthropods and middle‐aged adults (40–69) with the remainder of the common samples. Key diagnostic features are included for some of the more challenging arthropod species to distinguish and as well as case studies provided of situations involving unique or unusual infestations. The data provides useful information on the risks that arthropods of medical importance pose to the community and will refine educational programs.


Organic acid inhibitor,organic non-acid inhibitor and inorganic salt inhibitor were compounded in engine coolant.Select a coolant formula which shows good performance of corrosion to many kinds of metal,especially good for solder and cast aluminum.The coolant formula adapts to the demand of automobile cooling system forward to aluminum alloy orientation.


Varieties of environmental sources of noise and distortion can degrade the quality of the speech signal in a communication system. This research work explores the effects of these interfering sounds on speech applications and introduces a technique for reducing their influence and enhancing the acceptability and intelligibility of the speech signal. In this work, a noise reduction system using single microphone method in time domain to improve SNR of noise contaminated speech is proposed. Traditional Spectral Subtraction method has been reviewed very well and the relationship with wiener filter is also illustrated. The Spectral Subtraction method has been generalized and the focus is put on reducing noise from speech in single channel signals. Voice Activity Detector (VAD) is ignored in this proposed system, because a-priori information about the noise is assumed. The research has been conducted using Gaussian White Noise and Color Noise. The experimental result shows a remarkable improvement in SNR for the generalized version and it is noticed that the result is very much satisfactory when white noises are added but the addition of color noise produces a comparatively poor improvement report. The system has been tested with eight different datasets and on an average, 65.27% improvement in SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) for White Noise using Generalized Spectral Subtraction Method is achieved comparing with Traditional Spectral Subtraction Method. The average improvement in SNR for Color Noise recorded is 53.31%. The Generalized Spectral Subtraction method is shown to improve the speech quality and to improve SNR as well.


Accurate, cost-effective monitoring of fish is required to assess the quality of lakes under the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Recent studies have shown that environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is an effective and non-invasive method, which can provide semi-quantitative information on fish communities in large lakes. This study further investigated the potential of eDNA metabarcoding as a tool for WFD status assessment by collecting and analysing water samples from eight Welsh lakes and six meres in Cheshire, England, with well described fish faunas. Water samples (N = 252) were assayed using two mitochondrial DNA regions (Cytb and 12S rRNA). eDNA sampling indicated the presence of very similar species in the lakes compared to those expected on the basis of existing and historical information. In total, 24 species were detected with a total of 111 species occurrences in the lakes studied using eDNA. Secondly, there was a significant positive correlation between expected faunas and eDNA data in terms of confidence of species occurrence (Spearman's r = 0.74, df = 109, p <; 0.001). Thirdly, eDNA data can estimate relative abundance with the standard five-level classification scale ("DAFOR"). Lastly, four ecological fish communities were characterised using eDNA data which agrees with the pre-defined lake types according to environmental characteristics. Synthesis and applications. This study provides further evidence that eDNA metabarcoding could be a powerful and non-invasive monitoring tool for WFD purpose in a wide range of lake types, considerably outperforming other methods for community level analysis.


We present a simple and efficient scheme for generating carrier-envelope phase stabilized sub-two-cycle pulses based on soliton-effect self-compression of standard femtosecond laser pulses in millimeter-long highly-nonlinear photonic crystal fibers.


Objective The occurrence regularity and clinical features of traumatic brain injury has been investigated in this paper so as to provide some reference for making prevention and intervention measures.Methods The clinical data of 4 018 cases of traumatic brain injury dated from January 1996 to December 2005 were retrospectively analyzed,including age,sex,occupation,injury time and causation,and injury status.Results The ratio of male to female was 2.72∶1.The high-risk age of patients ranged from 16 to 45 years old(48.61%),and the incidence reached its peak time in january and october.47.09% of cases were caused by traffic accident.Light injurie were more frequent(68.96%) than moderate and severe ones.Conclusion The incidence of traumatic brain injury is related to the age and the occupation.Prevention and intervention measures can be taken to decrease the incidence of traumatic brain injury.


The acoustic medium in ocean has high complications due to its non-homogenous property. The speed of sound in the medium plays a significant role in acoustic computations and is more related to the density and compressibility of the propagation medium. Several acoustic propagation modelling methods that are described by wave equations are proposed for different underwater applications. The mathematical propagation models that are used widely are the empirical method (Thorp's model), ray theory (Bellhop model), normal mode method (Kraken), wavenumber integration (Scooter), and parabolic equations (RAMGeo). The propagation models compute several parameters that include transmission loss, impulse response, arrival time, etc. with the input of the sound velocity profile and the transmission environment. The error rate of the propagation models varies with respect to the frequency, range of transmission and other parameters as well. In this paper, a classification dataset for shallow water propagation is generated with the threshold limits of range and frequency of each propagation model. Since, the limits of the propagation model are non-linear, machine learning based algorithms are proposed and validated with the data generated. Finally, an GUI is created that classifies the required propagation model and simulate the model with the inputs of range, frequency and sound velocity profiles.


The renewables is a dynamically developing branch of industry. Many states made an attempt limiting the releases of pollutants which largely are contributing to the formation and deepening the greenhouse effect. During the conference in Kyoto in 1997 many states signed an agreement about limiting the greenhouse gas emission. In the article abilities of the energy development of the sector were shown using the sources of energy renewable appearing in Poland. They also presented, what taken legal solutions are, with a view to liberalizing the market of the energy in Poland. Achievements to date were also included in implementing and using the re-