In the development of social economy and science and technology innovation, higher vocational colleges in our country in the full implementation of education department and financial department on the implementation of Chinese characteristics in planning the development of the high level of higher vocational schools and professional opinions, the continuous optimization of the art design class course system and education mode, puts forward the effective solutions for specific problems. On the basis of understanding the double-hook background, according to the implementation of vocational art and design curriculum education in recent years, this paper makes clear the practical significance of constructing smart classroom, and deeply discusses how to reform high-quality art and design classroom under the double-high background. The final experimental results prove that the reform of art design class in higher vocational colleges under the background of double high school meets the requirements of modern talent cultivation and can provide basic power for the development of art field.


It is expected that, in near future, the multi-class traffic previously in public switched telephone network (PSTN), cable television network and IP network will be multiplexed at backbone and carried by the converged next-generation network (NGN). A pragmatic challenge in facilitating NGN is how to schedule traffic and allocate bandwidth among the triple-play services, namely voice (VoIP), video (IPTV) and data. Different from traditional strict-priority based scheduling intensively used in industry, in this paper, we try to discuss this issue from the objective of network utility maximization (NUM). We first investigate the characteristics of most existing traffic classes and explicitly formulate their utilities to be the function of occupied bandwidth. After that, a novel scheduling scheme to achieve NUM is derived using Lagrange method with KKT conditions. Numerical results under two network scenarios are calculated. Both of them reveal the unique nature of this scheduling, compared with strict-priority scheduling, still highest priority is provided for VoIP traffic, however, no strict priority should be given to IPTV traffic since it will conflict with NUM objective. We hope our results will shed lights on the evolvement towards the converged network


This paper is devoted to developing and applications of a generalized differential theory of variational analysis that allows us to work in incomplete normed spaces, without employing conventional variational techniques based on completeness and limiting procedures. The main attention is paid to generalized derivatives and subdifferentials of the Dini-Hadamard type with the usage of mild qualification conditions revolved around metric subregularity. In this way we develop calculus rules of generalized differentiation in normed spaces without imposing restrictive normal compactness assumptions and the like and then apply them to general problems of constrained optimization. Most of the obtained results are new even in finite dimensions. Finally, we derive refined necessary optimality conditions for nonconvex problems of semi-infinite and semidefinite programming.


In this article, we are concerned with the following eigenvalue problem of a linear second order elliptic operator: \begin{equation} \nonumber -D\Delta \phi -2\alpha\nabla m(x)\cdot \nabla\phi+V(x)\phi=\lambda\phi\ \ \hbox{ in }\Omega, \end{equation} complemented by a general boundary condition including Dirichlet boundary condition and Robin boundary condition: $$ \frac{\partial\phi}{\partial n}+\beta(x)\phi=0 \ \ \hbox{ on }\partial\Omega, $$ where $\beta\in C(\partial\Omega)$ allows to be positive, sign-changing or negative, and $n(x)$ is the unit exterior normal to $\partial\Omega$ at $x$. The domain $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^N$ is bounded and smooth, the constants $D>0$ and $\alpha>0$ are, respectively, the diffusive and advection coefficients, and $m\in C^2(\bar\Omega),\,V\in C(\bar\Omega)$ are given functions. We aim to investigate the asymptotic behavior of the principal eigenvalue of the above eigenvalue problem as the diffusive coefficient $D\to0$ or $D\to\infty$. Our results, together with those of \cite{CL2,DF,Fr} where the Nuemann boundary case (i.e., $\beta=0$ on $\partial\Omega$) and Dirichlet boundary case were studied, reveal the important effect of advection and boundary conditions on the asymptotic behavior of the principal eigenvalue. We also apply our results to a reaction-diffusion-advection equation which is used to describe the evolution of a single species living in a heterogeneous stream environment and show some interesting behaviors of the species persistence and extinction caused by the buffer zone and small/large diffusion rate.


This paper presents a form-finding analysis of ETFE cushions in membrane structures.The differentiating equation of membrane structures is deduced by the membrane theory,and solved by the twist analysis of elastic mechanics.The form-finding formulas of rectangular,equilateral,hexagonal,ellipsoidal, circular,equilatoral triangle,complete fan and arbitrary fan ETFE cushions are given.The presented works are valuable to the design of ETFE cushions in membrane structures.In additon,the brim elements of the ETFE cushions are revealed,from which advices for the design are given.


Videos of police abuse are often spread through technology, raising questions around how perceptions of police are impacted by these images, especially for 18–24-year-olds who are constantly "logged on." Limited research investigates the impact of social media on attitudes toward police accounting for age and race. The present study utilizes 19 in-depth interviews with a diverse sample of urban college students who regularly use social media in order to understand how they have been impacted by this content. The findings suggest the necessity of using an intersectional framework to understand the impact of tech-witnessed violence. While no gender differences were uncovered, racial differences did surface. White participants described being minimally influenced by videos of police misconduct, rationalizing it as a "few bad apples." In contrast, participants of color, except those with family members in law enforcement, described being negatively impacted. Viral content contributed to negative opinions of police, emotional distress, and fears of victimization. Ultimately, videos of police brutality do not impact young populations equally. Instead, they are comparatively more harmful to young people of color who spend more time on social media, can envision themselves as the victims, and experience feelings of fear, despair, and anger after watching these videos.


The number of e-government websites has increased greatly in recent years. Many countries have laws to ensure that e-government sites satisfy web accessibility requirements. The objective of web accessibility is to ensure that people with disabilities can access websites just like everyone else. However, laws that enforce web accessibility do not automatically guarantee compliance: e-government websites are not always prepared to provide a correct service to persons with disabilities. This paper analyses the accessibility of a group of e-government websites of all South American countries and Spain. Three official websites from each country has been analysed: the government, the Parliament and the Senate websites. Different automatic evaluation tools have been used to perform the analysis. The preliminary results of our research show that the majority of e-government websites do not provide adequate levels of web accessibility.


FRINGE-OLOGY: How I TRIED TO EXPLAIN AWAY THE UNEXPLAINABLE--AND COULDN'T by Steve Volk. New York: Harper Collins, 2011. Pp. 321. $25.99 (hardcover). ISBN-978-0-06-185771-3. Steve Volk's book Fringe-ology falls into a small genre of work that might be described as picaresque skeptic nonfiction. The hallmark of these works is the skeptic's saga, his passage through a strange and anomalous world of exotic characters, uncertain claims, spurious assertions, and the siren call of an experience that may change your life forever. These books must not be mistaken for the denierist literature of fundamentalist materialists like Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, or the late Christopher Hitchens--who may now have changed his views. Those are essentially materialist polemics in which conclusions support premises with almost no data in between, and what is admitted is only that which confirms the paradigm. The point of the denierist is not to change. One of the hallmarks of deniers is their sense of righteousness about their commitment to the existing paradigm. Deniers, a self-defined group, many of whom give their careers over to it, and Denierism itself, constitute the Night's Watch. They will die in place defending a paradigm under assault from data the paradigm can no longer subsume. Right now in the USA we have three big denier movements--anti-climate change, anti-evolution, and anti-nonlocal consciousness. Each has proven itself a detriment to the science it purports to serve, and a philosophical position that is failing. I predict denier books will have long-term meaning only to historians and philosophers of science, because they represent quintessential Kuhnian crisis behavior in print. Denier literature in all three areas--evolution, climate change, and nonlocal consciousness--however passionately argued, and elegantly worded, has begun to seem antiquated and out of touch. Consciousness denier arguments, particularly, have not changed in decades. That's because nothing outside of the denier paradigm can be added, and yet so much of the leading edge research in each of these three areas is now, in Kuhnian terms, anomalous. Here is pure denier-speak concerning nonlocal consciousness from physicist Douglas Hofstadter of Indiana University, who makes the materialist point very explicitly. Speaking of a recent ESP presentiment study conducted by Cornell University psychology professor Daryl Bem, he said, "If any of [Bem's] claims were true, then all of the bases underlying contemporary science would be toppled, and we would have to rethink everything about the nature of the universe" (Hofstadter, 2011). How is one to reconcile Hofstadter's words with the published sentiments of some of the greatest figures in his own field, many Nobel laureates, whose thinking contradicts his own? And why doesn't he seem to be aware of them? Is this a kind of studied willful ignorance? Max Planck, the father of quantum mechanics, the area most of interest in consciousness research, noted in an interview published in The Observer of 25 January 1931: "I regard consciousness as fundamental. I regard matter as derivative from consciousness. We cannot get behind consciousness. Everything that we talk about, everything that we regard as existing, postulates consciousness" (Planck, 1931). For Wolfgang Pauli, it was very straightforward, "It is my personal opinion that in the science of the future reality will neither be 'psychic' nor 'physical' but somehow both and somehow neither" (Pais & Pauli, 2000). Physicist Henry Margenau puts it this way, "Strangely, it does not seem possible to find the scientific laws or principles violated by the existence of [psi phenomena]. We can find contradictions between [their occurrence] and our culturally accepted view of reality, but not--as many of us have believed--between [their occurrence] and the scientific laws that have been so laboriously developed" (Margenau, 1987). …


In the people's court,the execution of the case,the applicant may apply to the people's court on the implementation of the holding in the limited liability company equity enforcement,equity cash,pay the applicant claims.Although the equity of compulsory execution is resonable,also be necessary,however,due to the equity of compulsory execution will inevitably affect the original company shareholders,creditors of the company,the company's own interests,therefore in the people's court of equity in a limited liability company are enforced at the time,to take fully into account the interests of all parties,to minimize the equity of enforcing negative effects.


In order to know the precise quantity of catalase protein in acatalasemic and hypocatalasemic blood, immunological studies were conducted using hemolysates or acetone extracts of those blood as antigen. 1) The ratio of catalase contained in normal, hypocatalasemic and acatalasemic blood, calculated from precipitates produced in the reaction between catalase antibody and hemolysates was 1.0 : 0.5 : 0.07. 2) The ratio of catalase in normal, hypocatalasemic and acatalasemic blood, calculated from precipitates from the catalase antibody and the acetone extracts was 1.0: 0.49 : 0.11. In the precipitin ring tests using acetone extract, the antigen titer in normal, hypocatalasemic and acatalasemic extracts was 40, 20, and 0 respectively. 3) From our experiments it can be said that hypocatalasemic blood shows one half the catalase activity of normal blood, due to one half the quantity of
catalase protein, and that acatalasemic blood lacks catalase activity due to the absence of the catalase protein. These findings strongly suggest that no substances
exist which suppress or inhibit the catalase activity in hypocatalasemic and acatalasemic blood.


Every year, the Consortium for Mathematics and its Applications (C C C OMA OMA OMA P P P) sponsors the Mathematical Contest in Modeling (MCM), an international contest for undergraduates. We will discuss our strategy for developing models, writing the paper, the contest timeline, and team dynamics. 1 What is the MCM? In the MCM, three-person teams are given 96 hours to develop mathematical models to solve a real-world problem, evaluate their solution, and write a research paper describing the results. These papers are generally around thirty pages long. The questions are open-ended and over a broad range of topics. Past problems include fingerprint identification, submarine tracking, air traffic control, and velociraptor hunting strategies. Does your leisure reading include math books? Have you ever programmed a quick game on your TI-86 to stave off boredom? Is the Mathematica vs. MATLAB debate interesting to you? Have you ever considered simulating the growth of grass? Then the MCM is for you. Even if you aren't anüber-nerd, we recommend the contest to you. Why? • Practice for a thesis. The MCM will teach you a lot about organization, clarity, and time management. • Reading papers. Reading previous research is essential to the MCM, and 96 hours of searching for critical information will develop your ability to extract useful bits quickly. • Prototyping skills. You will learn to look at a problem and come up with a fast prototype solution. This is invaluable in programming, math, or science of any sort. • Reputation. If you manage to win, it looks great on a résumé. Several financial companies make a specific point of recruiting MCM winners. At the beginning of the contest, you are given a choice between two problems †. Over past contests, Problem A tends to be " continuous " —problems with continuously varying parameters, especially the modeling of physical phenomena. Problem B tends to be " discrete " —problems like queuing, routing, and scheduling. The 2006 contest problems are reproduced in Appendix A (p. 22). A useful 15-minute exercise is to read them with your teammates, discuss which one you would hypothetically choose, and brainstorm possible approaches and simplifying assumptions. † MCM and ICM problems are usually presented together. MCM teams must choose between Problem A and Problem B; Problem C is only for ICM teams. 2 Judging MCM papers are judged by a panel of mathematicians and math educators. In the …


Pointer meters in power systems are wildly used. Although smart meters gradually replace pointer meters to conveniently acquire measurement, digitalization of some special meters have not been available. The paper presents a new method based on machine vision to detect pointer meter reading automatically. Two phases of training and testing are proposed in this method. In the training phase, a template of meter feature points on a training image is extracted. In the testing phase, the template matching performs on a testing image to find feature points. Then, an elliptic arc fitting based on the feature points to generate a 1-D signal. Finally, the 1-D signal is used to locate the pointer and the reading result is obtained. Differing with existing methods, the proposed method performs effectively and efficiently automatic meter reading without using Hough transformation.


In present era, most of the NTDs are diagnosed at quite early gestation, thanks to advancement in imaging technology. So it is rare to see a case of NTD in late gestational age. Encephalocele is still rare type of NTD, when we come across such a case in late gestational period associated with another risk factor (Previous LSCS), it can really present a challenge for management. We had to face such a case requiring skillful management. A 23 year, G2 P1 L1 with previous LSCS was referred to our institution for severe anemia. USG showed 37 weeks single, live fetus with absence of cranial vault& irregular compressed cystic structure attached to vault attached in occipital region. Previous USG done at 12 weeks showed no abnormality, while USG at 27 weeks showed Acrania. Ideal management of this patient could have been done if this anomaly was diagnosed before 20 weeks where option of MTP was clearly available. Though with high resolution technical and instrument and with expert sonologist encephalocele can be diagnosed by 14 weeks.


Dryer troubleshooting is of great practical importance but has been neglected in the academic literature. Problems are often case-specific, non-quantitative and difficult to categorise. This paper outlines a systematic method for problem-solving in dryers. Problems tend to fall into one of three main categories; underperformance, materials handling, and product quality (non-moisture). Other problems include mechanical breakdown and SHE (safety/health/environment). Further categorisation may be useful; for example, the causes of dryer underperformance can be subdivided into heat and mass balance problems, drying kinetics and drying equilibria. The possible causes of the problem can then be listed, and process and equipment data is collected to allow these to be confirmed or dismissed, and to identify the root cause. Possible solutions can be considered, casting the net as widely as possible; some apparently unlikely suggestions may turn out to be feasible, or lead to a novel and better idea. The overall algorithm follows a convergent-divergent pattern (brainstorming technique). Certain types of dryer are particularly susceptible to certain types of problem. A range of case studies illustrates the application of the techniques in many different circumstances.


This paper is to survey bilateral asymmetry of adult macaque(Macaca mulutta) using the humerus,femur 2nd metacarpal and 2nd metatarsal.Osteological materials are obtained from 55 adult individuals from the Taihang mountians,including 55 humerus,53 femurs 34 metacarpals and 34 meta metatarsals.Four linear measurements,including the maximum length in the limb bones,dorsoventral diameter,mediolateral diameter,and circumference,are measured at mid-shaft and the midshaft cross-sectional area in these limb bones are calculated using the formula for an ellipse.Lilliefors tests and independent-samples tests adopting SPSS 13.0 for windows are used to determine the normality and compare sex differences of asymmetry.Results indicate that the bilateral asymmetry values of the left humeri are signicantly greater than the right,indicating directional asymmetry.The right 2nd metacarpals show a tendency toward greater area than did the left.The lack of asymmetry in 2nd metatarsal and femur and serves as a lower limb control,and suggests that the upper limb results are not a product of fluctuating asymmetry.These findings imply behavioral laterality in upper limb function in Macaca mulutta,and suggest a complementary relationship between precision and power for two sides.


An apparatus for providing EPG(Electronic Program Guide) information about a program of digital broadcasting and a method therefor are provided to manage the EPG information independently irrespective of a platform like a set-top box which converts a format of the EPG information provided together with digital broadcasting information into a displayable format and offer the EPG information according to a providing request more quickly. A data storing unit(120) receives and stores PSI(Program Specific Information) data and SI(Service Information) data from a digital broadcasting receiving platform. An EPG constructing unit(300) analyzes the PSI data and the SI data, and acquires EPG information. An EPG database(200) stores and manages the acquired EPG information. If a guide for a specific program is requested, an EPG providing unit(160) acquires EPG information corresponding to the requested program from the EPG database(200) and provides the acquired EPG information. The EPG constructing unit(300) includes a PSI processing unit and an SI processing unit. The PSI processing unit parses PSI data, and extracts PAT(Program Association Table) element information and PMT(Program Map Table) element information. The SI processing unit successively extracts and parses MGT(Master Guide Table) data and SI section data included in the SI data, and generates the EPG information.


The one historical gift geography gave the tribes of the Gulf before oil was a gift of default: an outward orientation. Regional subsistence has always depended on the vagaries of long-distance trade routes. When trade was good, small settlements emerged to rival each other in carrying the traffic. When trade withered, routes shifted, or droughts deepened, then central regulation weakened, alliances changed, rivalries turned to war and tribes moved, with belongings and dependants, on camels and boats, up, down and across the Gulf. Until well into the modern period, the history of the Gulf has been one of ceaseless migration in search of trade and fresh water. As a result, the tribes of the region have always oriented themselves less to their original tribal ranges than to the fringes of the Gulf and the trade beyond. Although Kuwait and Qatar were not populated by the ancestors of today's inhabitants until recently, transitory trade settlements there date back to ancient times. In Kuwait, ruins on Failaka island show settlements from perhaps 1000 BC. Archaeological evidence indicates that Qatar, too, was inhabited in prehistoric times; implements have been found dating back to 4000 BC. The Gulf's integration into the modern world economy began in the sixteenth century when the Portuguese captured several Arab ports, including Hormuz and Muscat. Portugal's presence meant a decline not only in their trading wealth but also in their political independence.


Method, terminal, CDN server and system in IPTV system for realizing playing while downloading, the method comprises: the terminal acquires the bit rate information of the media file which the terminal requires to play from the content distribution network CDN server, the CDN server returns a first reply message to the terminal after receiving the requirement, the first reply message piggybacks the bit rate information of the media file which said terminal requires to play, the terminal determines whether said bit rate information satisfies the condition of playing while downloading, if it satisfies, the terminal requires to download the file from said CDN server which user requires while plays said media file.


The objective of the study was to reveal diversity in species composition and size of soil seed banks derived from forest communities undergoing different intensity of human impact as well as to show the seed bank strategy as an adaptation of species to many kinds of disturbances occurring in natural deciduous forests. On the basis of the study of soil seed bank in natural, stabilised deciduous forest communities in Bialowieza National Park and taking into account data from literature it was found that: (1) Densities of seed banks of fertile, undisturbed deciduous forest vary from three to eight thousand seeds per one m 2 . The majority of these seeds (60–80%)come from the herb layer. Persistance of such banks do not exceed a few years. Species which are dominant in seed bank of such forest are characterized by mean light requirements. The impulses which break their secondary dormancy are slight disturbances in the herb layer. (2) Species structure of seed bank derived from such forest does not reflect floristic composition of the herb layer because this layer is dominated by species whose survival strategy is connected with vegetative propagation. (3) In seed banks of even very stable forest communities there are species which are absent from the herb layer of the forest. The species need light gaps in trees canopy for establishment. They are very light demanding and persistent in soil. Percentage of these species in soil seed banks grows with the intensity of human impact on forest communities. These species dominate also in seed banks of relatively natural forests but small and surrounded by meadows and fields. Seedlings of these species occur spontanously during the first phase of regeneration of forest gaps. After the canopy close-up, the species disappear from cover vegetation but their numerous and very persistant seeds wait in soil seed bank for the next disturbance.


ABSTRACT Topological defects in liquid crystals (LCs) have drawn attention because they frequently control their collective structure and motion. We have developed a robust and straightforward methodology to prepare well-organised isolated topological defects using the fabrication of micro-well structures. We could prepare multiple topological surface defects in each micro-well with high reproducibility. The micro-wells were prepared by capping a glass substrate on micro-molded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The topological defects were stabilised by optimising the size and the shape and satisfying the boundary conditions inside each micro-well, which was controlled by the air-plasma treatment on the surfaces. We found the optimal conditions for the reproducible and stable formation of topological defects; a circular shape with its diameter <10 μm and the glass surface was treated by air-plasma, providing a proper balance of the elastic force to form topological defect at the centre.


Foreword Kathleen Tierney. Acknowledgments. 1. Introduction: Can Societies Learn from Calamities? Heike Egner, Maren Schorch, and Martin Voss Part I: Opening the Fields of Learning and Calamities 2. Learning from Disasters in an Unsafe World: Considerations from a Psychoanalytical Ethnological Perspective Bernd Rieken 3. Learning About Disasters from Animals Greg Bankoff 4. Beyond Experiential Learning in Disaster and Development Communication Andrew E. Collins Part II: Learning from History? 5. "The Monster Swallows You": Disaster Memory and Risk Culture in Western Europe, 1500-2000 Christian Pfister 6. A Disaster in Slow Motion: The Smoke Menace in Urban-Industrial Britain Stephen Mosley 7. Historia Magistra Vitae, as the Saying Goes: Why Societies Do Not Necessarily Learn from Past Disasters Uwe Lubken Part III: Educational Concepts for Disaster Preparedness 8. Using a Spare-Time University for Disaster Risk Reduction Education Ilan Kelman, Marla Petal, and Michael H. Glantz 9. Communicating Actionable Risk: The Challenge of Communicating Risk to Motivate Preparedness in the Absence of Calamity Michele M. Wood 10. Critical Reflection on Disaster Prevention Education Marla Petal Part IV: Organizational Patterns of Interpretation and Practices of Learning 11. Normalization and its Discontents: Organizational Learning from Disaster Sven Kette and Hendrik Vollmer 12. Analyses of Natural Disasters and Their Contribution to Changes in Natural Hazard Management in Switzerland Michael Brundl 13. How Not to Learn: Resilience in the Study of Disaster Benigno A. Aguirre and Eric Best Part V: Societal Patterns of Interpretation and Practices of Learning 14. When Push Comes to Shove: The Framing of Need in Disaster Relief Efforts Tricia Wachtendorf, Samantha Penta, and Mary M. Nelan 15. Reduced Learning Processes Due to Biopolitical Patterns of Interpretation: Michel Foucault and the Contamination Disaster Matthias Hofmann 16. Science versus Metaphysics. The Importance of Everyday Life Experience for the Interpretation of Disaster Elisio Macamo and Dieter Neubert Part VI: Closing 17. Learning and Calamities-What Have We Learned?: Steps Towards an Integrative Framework Heike Egner and Maren Schorch


This paper was presented as the Ruth Wong Memorial Lecture at the National University of Singapore on 5th March 1991.


Abstract S,S-dialkyl acetals of hexanal and numerous aldoses, tripodal in structure, have been synthesized, characterized and investigated by optical microscopy and D.S.C. Most of these geminal dithioacetals show a complicated melting behaviour and are thermotropic liquid crystal-line, exhibiting only one smectic-like phase of identical type. This mesophase is not miscible with the SAd -Phase of other amphiphilic sugar-based liquid crystals. As shown in a homologues series of D-glucose S,S-dialkylacetal derivatives clearing points are rising as function of growing number n of carbon atoms in their S-alkyl chains. With constant n given a similar trend is observed by varying the length of the polar, hydrophilic sugar units. Regarding stereochemistry the dithioderivatives 5 and 12 of the pentose or hexose series, respectively, with a configuration related to that of D-mannose exhibit relatively the most stable mesophase. However, the most stable mesophase of all investigated sugar dithioderivatives is exhibited by the heptose S,S-dialkylacetal 13. Surprisingly, derivative 10 of L-rhamnose (6-desoxy-L-mannose) - the terminal hydroxyl group in the sugar chain of mannose is missing! -showed to be non-mesomorphic, demonstrating that a terminal hydroxyl group of these sugar derivatives seems to be essential for exhibiting a mesophase. On the other hand, as shown with the dithioderivative 9 of 2-desoxy-D-glucose in comparison to the derivative 8e and 12 of D-glucose or D-mannose, respectively, their clearing points seem to be less, although differently effected if an internal hydroxyl group - for instance here at C-2 - has been stripped off. Melting behaviour as well as thermomesogenic properties of the presented amphiphilic carbo-hydrate liquid crystals in relationship to their molecular structure are discussed in detail.


According to IEA study World Energy Outlook from 2018, there is a huge gap between the optimal utilization of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies to lower global CO2 emissions and the current, negligible diffusion of this technology. A number of factors may explain this big mismatch, for example, the price of carbon may be by far too low; costs of renewables may have decreased more rapidly than expected; and there might be market imperfections in the CCS value chain of capture, transport and storage that slow down the speed in CCS development. Because of impediments, the IEA study Technology Roadmap: Carbon Capture and Storage from 2013 argues that a key action to kick off innovation and diffusion of CCS is to introduce financial CCS support mechanisms. There are two business models to spur CCS. One option is to support purchasers of CCS technologies by covering a part of the additional investment cost of CCS. The alternative model is to focus on the CCS technology suppliers by supporting their research, development and production costs. Our first research question is to what extent promotion of CCS in Europe should be through subsidising development and production of CCS technologies—an upstream subsidy—or by subsidising the purchasers of CCS technologies—a downstream subsidy. In the electricity sector, the CCS technology can be applied both to coal power and gas power. These two technologies are likely substitutes in demand. Our second research question is therefore to what extent the EU should give priority to one of the CCS technologies, that is, whether the subsidy to CCS coal power should exceed the subsidy to CCS gas power. We study the two research questions both with simple theory models and within a framework where a numerical version the theory model is soft-linked with LIBEMOD, a large-scale numerical model of the European energy markets. The link between the two models is the prices of CCS plants: In LIBEMOD, these are (exogenous) cost parameters, whereas in the theory model, prices of CCS plants are (endogenous) model-determined variables. In the analyses, we take into account that competition between CCS technology suppliers is imperfect as there is only a few potential suppliers in the world. Both the theory models and application of the numerical framework suggest that from an EU perspective, the upstream subsidy should exceed by far the downstream subsidy. The main reason is simply that an upstream subsidy shifts production and profits from non-EU CCS suppliers to EU suppliers, thereby increasing EU welfare. In addition, both upstream and downstream subsidies stimulate total production, thereby lowering the initial economic welfare loss due to product prices exceeding their marginal costs.


apparently in failing health, and his death came very suddenly while walking along the banks of the river Tweed?a river associated in his mind with many happy days spent in fishing and thinking out problems of life. Diarmid Noel Paton was born in Edinburgh in March, 1859. He was the eldest son of Sir Joseph Noel Paton, the distinguished artist and member of the Royal Scottish Academy, who, in 1866, was appointed by Her Majesty Queen Victoria Limner for Scotland. He was also a nephew of Waller Hugh Paton, another well-known painter. There can be no doubt that Professor Noel Paton inherited the artistic


Aim: BK virus (BKV)-associated hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a common complication in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of BKV infection in pediatric patients receiving HSCT. Material and Methods: Total of 51 patients aged between 16 months and 16 years old and followed up between October 2015 and September 2017 were included in the study. The patients were monitored by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Anatolia Geneworks, Turkey) test for the detection of BKV DNA in urine and blood. Results: Of patients, 46 received allogeneic HSCT and 5 autologous HSCT. BKV DNA positivity was detected in urine and/or blood of total 27 (52.9%) patients in whom 26 (56.5%) of 46 patients with allogeneic transplantation, and 1 (20.0%) of 5 patients with autologous transplantation. BKV viral load in urine >107 copies/ml required for preemptive treatment was detected in 12 (26.1%) of 46 patients received allogeneic HSCT. The development of HC was prevented in 9 (75.0%) of the 12 patients given preemptive treatment, while 3 (25.0%) cases developed HC and cured by treatment. BKV viruria was detected >109 copies/ml in two weeks before the onset of HC and was accepted as a prognostic indicator for predictive diagnosis of HC. BKV viremia was found >104 copies/ml in 1 patient within two weeks before the onset of cystitis. Conclusion: Screening for BKV infection, especially BKV viruria in HSCT patients, is recommended for the predictive diagnosis of HC in patients at high risk.


There exist such problems as low attention,poor professional-quality and inefficient enforcement in the functions of supervisory boards in China.Based on the traditional systems and the legislation in China,the author has done an analysis on the causes for not fully functioning by the supervisory boards,and has put forward some countermeasures in strengthening the independence of supervisory boards,strengthening the authority of supervisors,and perfecting the incentive and restrictive mechanisms so as to strengthen the functions for the supervisory boards.


In this article, Mark Mitchnick, MD, Chief Executive Officer, and Robert Lee, PhD, VicePresident, Pharmaceutical Development, both of Particle Sciences, and Amir Zalcenstein, PhD, Chief Executive Officer, SoluBest, introduce Particle Sciences' formulaic DOSE™ system for dosage form development and drug delivery technology selection, and discuss one such technology, Solubest's Solumer™, a scalable solid dispersion approach based on spray drying that is suitable for BCS Class II APIs and NCEs.


dicated that the Spanish-dominant bilingual student is handicapped in a classroom where English is the only language of instruction (1). Studies have shown, too, that in classrooms where Spanish and English are used in teaching, the performance of Spanish-dominant bilingual students improves (2-3). Despite decades of study of the impact of bilingualism on verbal skills and educational progress, discussion of bilingual students continues. One widely accepted finding is that bilinguals are generally impaired in certain aspects of verbal abilities (4). Peal and Lambert (5) however, in their work with French Canadian children, report that bilingualism affects intelligence favorably. These researchers found that bilingual children do better than monolinguals on verbal tests as well as nonverbal tests.


Background: Previous studies have shown that patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) present cognitive deficits related with a poor clinical prognosis. The objective of the present study was t...


In order to improve the overturning efficiency of sieve bend,the sieve bend mas transformed by adopting the electro-hydraulic putter as driving device.The sieve bend box was ruffled and flatted by changing the length of electro-hydraulic putter.The box realized the automatic pitching function and most of the original structure of sieve bend was preserved.Variation curves of the drive force in the pitching rotation process were obtained through theoretical calculation and simulation.The results showed that,the theory curve of electro-hydraulic putts driving force were consistent with the simulation curve.In the overturning process,the maximum driving force was required to start at level posture,with the screen box erected angle α becomed larger,the driving force required for electro-hydraulic putter reduced accordingly.Consider the calculation error and a certain safety factor,the rated maximum thrust of the electro-hydraulic putter Fmax was 15000 N.After transformation,the curved screen achieved a semi-automatic overturning as a joint result of manual operation and mechanical drive.The overturning time was shortened from 2 h to 10 min and effectively improved the effects of dehydration,demedium and desliming.


In order to explore the main driving force of economic grow th of construction industry in the three provinces in Northeast China,w e take the construction industry output as the breakthrough point to quantitatively analyze the structure effect and the district effect of the three provinces in Northeast China w ith the Shift-Share M ethod analysis. According to the analysis,w e conclude the economic grow th of construction industry in the three provinces in Northeast China mainly benefits from the rapid development of the national economy,competitiveness of construction industry area is not strong enough,and the internal structure of the construction industry needs optimization. In order to promote the stable and healthy development of construction industry,w e propose that the three Northeast provinces need to change from quantity advantage to benefit advantage,adjust the construction industry structure according to their characteristics,adjust the construction industry structure and suit their measures to local conditions on the basis of analyzing the defects of their development.


Nano-Beta zeolite was synthesized and characterized by various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscope(TEM), low-temperature isotherm of nitrogen adsorption and desorption(BET), NH3 temperature-programmed desorption(NH3-TPD) and pyridine infrared spectroscopy(Py-IR). The catalytic performance of nano-Beta were also investigated in comparing with that of conventional Beta with large crystal size and the key parameters of alkylation were optimized in order to reach best performance in industrial cumene process. The results showed that the nano-Beta with molar ratio of Si O2 to Al2O3 25-30 had higher crystallinity and very small crystal size about 20 nm. Compared to conventional Beta with large crystal size, the nano-Beta had much larger BET surface area of 600 m2/g and higher pore volume of 0.42 cm3/g, which mainly came from mesopore and macropore, and possessed higher concentration of total acid sites and Bronsted acid sites. As catalyst for alkylation of benzene with propylene, nano-Beta zeolite was more stable and more selective. Under the conditions of benzene to propylene molar ratio of 3.0 and reaction temperature of 150-160 ℃, nano-Beta zeolite exhibited the best catalytic performance. Cumene selectivity reached as high as 89% and impurity, especially, n-propylbenzene decreased to very low level. During long term industrial test, nano-Beta catalyst also had much longer life span and higher selectivity than conventional Beta.


List of Contributors. Preface G. Corea , R. Ricupero. Introduction S. J. Patel, et al. Chronology of Main Events. Part I. The Code Negotiations: Background and Main Issues. 1. The Rationale for Regulatory Action UNCTAD Secretariat. 2. A Preliminary Evaluation of the Proposed Text Countess Pease Jeffries. 3. An Overview of the Draft Code D. Thompson. 4. Antitrust at the United Nations: A Tale of Two Codes D. L. Miller, J. Davidow. 5. Responsibilities and Obligations of Parties C. M. Correa. 6. Applicable Law and Dispute Settlement G. Wilner. 7. A Critique of the Code Provisions J. W. Skelton, Jr. 8. The Status of the Negotiations: A 1990 Evaluation UNCTAD Secretariat. 9. Negotiations on an International Code of Conduct for the Transfer of Technology S. Sell. Part II. Historical Perspectives and Reflections. 10. From Santiago de Chile (1972) to the Dawn of the Third Millennium S. J. Patel. 11. The Pugwash Code G. Oldham. 12. The Developing Countries' Quest for a Code E. E. Galal. 13. Stalemate in the Negotiations on Restrictive Practices J. Davidow. 14. The Evolution of the Negotiating Context A. Alencar. 15. The African Experience F. Oragwu. 16. The Latin American Policies C. B. Aguirre. 17. The Role of Third Parties as Facilitators J. F. Freymond. 18. Perception Gaps and Mistrust as Obstacles to Multilateral Solutions: Some Empirical Evidence T. Sagafi-Nejad, H. V. Perlmutter. Part III. Emerging Trends and Negotiating Agendas. 19. Emerging Trends: New Patterns of Technology Transfer C. Correa. 20. Contemporary Relevance J. Faundez. 21. A Changing Policy Landscape J. Touscoz. 22. An Overview of Legislative Changes A. Omer. 23. Global Environmental Agreements: A New Twist to the North-South Debate A. Yusuf. 24. The TRIPS Agreement and Development S.K. Verma. 25. Global Competition and Intellectual Property Protection J. H. Reichman. 26. Competition, Intellectual Property and Transfer of Technology H. Ullrich. 27. The Unfinished Agenda P. Roffe, T. Tesfashew. Annex I. The Pugwash Code. Annex II. The Draft Code of Conduct. Annex III. Selected Bibliography. Index.


Radiotherapy uses high energy radiation beam to disable the tumor cells. When the process is proceeded, the radiation illumination should be focused on the malignant tissues only. However, the cancerous sites may move with the respiration activity, and reduce the efficacy of radiotherapy or even cause damage of normal tissues unpredictably. In this work we introduce a real-time image alignment application to such problem, and build a breath-guidance system to help patients to control the timing and depth of their inhalation and exhalation. Then the radiotherapy can be given under a more controlled situation to reduce the side effect.


A field experiment was conducted during rabi of 2020-21 at Experimental Farm, Agronomy section, Oilseeds Research Station, Latur to study the "Integrated weed management in rabi sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)". The soil was clavey in texture, neutral in nature (7.02 pH), low in organic carbon (0.30 %), very low in available nitrogen (231 kg ha-1), low in phosphorus (8.57 kg ha-1) and very high in potassium (580 kg ha-1). The highest net monetary returns (₹ 47612 ha-1) and benefit: cost ratio (2.29) was recorded with the application of Quizalofop-ethyl 10 % EC @ 40 g a.i. ha-1at 20 DAS (POE) + one hand weeding at 35 DAS (T7). Among different chemical weed control methods lowest weed index, dry weed weight and higher weed control efficiency were observed with the application of Quizalofop-ethyl 10 % EC @ 40 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS (POE) + one hand weeding at 35 DAS (T7).


The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in West Bengal economy by generating employment for about 25 lakh people and 38 percent of the total export of the state. As per the Industrial Policy introduced in West Bengal in 2013, the MSMEs have been identified as the 'Thrust or Strategic' area and the sector is expected to play a key role in the industrial development of the state. This sector can be very effective in reducing excessive dependence on agriculture and ensuring a balanced economic growth by establishing a network of MSMEs in the rural or backward areas. The major MSMEs in West Bengal are handlooms, sericulture, leather industries, food processing industries, electronic and IT sector and handicraft industries. The performance appraisal of the MSMEs in West Bengal during the post reforms period shows that the growth rate of number of units and employment generated by the MSMEs is not satisfactory. The MSMEs suffer from poor institutional credit support, outdated technology, infrastructural bottlenecks, lack of investment and skilled workers. The Govt. must ensure steady credit supply, pro-business attitude and proper execution promotional policies to ensure long term growth for MSMEs in West Bengal.


This paper proposes a novel load mismatch detection and correction technique to develop a load insensitive power amplifier (PA). The presented algorithm for the technique can simply be implemented by handling load impedance as a region rather than a point. Based on the detection results, a tunable output matching network (TOMN) corrects a mismatched load and transforms it into a desired region, thereby dramatically enhancing PA performances under load mismatched condition with a minimal compromising at a matched load. The detectors and TOMN were simply implemented using a 0.18-μm silicon-on-insulator field-effect transistor, which were integrated with a 2-μm InGaP/GaAs HBT PA monolithic microwave integrated circuit into a single module. A PA module was implemented using more advanced impedance detectors having eight-phase regions, which was measured with WCDMA R'99 and 10-MHz 16QAM long-term evolution signals centered at 1.95 GHz for verification of the proposed idea. When compared to a conventional PA, excellent adjacent channel leakage ratio improvements of 12.7 and 8.3 dB, respectively, were achieved under output voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) of 2.5:1 for both applications. Moreover, the idea was extended for efficiency enhancement in a linearity spec-compliant impedance region, and the PA showed power-added efficiency improvements of 1.6% and 0.5%, respectively, under output VSWR of 2.5:1 for both applications.


DEMOCRACY AND THE INTERSECTION OF PRISONS, RACISM AND CAPITAL Review Essay: Worse Than Slavery : Parchman Farm and the Ordeal of Jim Crow Justice. By David Oshinsky.* New York: The Free Press, 1996. Pp. 306. $25.00. by David Cohen** I. INTRODUCTION As we approach the end of the millennium, this country is facing a crisis of incarceration. With the prison population growing dramatically, 123 new state and federal prisons were scheduled to open in 1996.1 In 1994 and 1995, the demand for new prison beds averaged about 1400 per week. At an average cost of $54,000 per cell, 3 the construction costs for this in- crease are close to $2.75 billion a year. 4 Corporate mammoths from many different industries are realizing the potential of prisons and pouring their assets into gaining a share of this rapidly expanding $31 billion dollar per year industry. 5 From architectural firms and construction companies, to drug treatment and food service contractors, to prison industries, to the whole gamut of equipment and hardware suppliers-steel doors, razor wire, communications systems, uniforms, 6 everyone from ATT J.D., Columbia University School of Law (1997). I would like to thank Professors Kimberld Crenshaw, John Ehrenberg, Phillip Genty, and Mary Marsh Zulack for assistance with this essay. Also, Randy Kim and Cassie Ehrenberg provided thoughtful comments and support. 1. David Lamb, The Soft Cell: Small Towns Lock Up Construction Dollars; Rural America Has Found the Perfect Way to Escape From the Economic Doldrums-Capture Prison Contracts, TAMPA TRIBUNE, Oct. 10, 1996, at 8. 2. DARRELL K. GILLIARD & ALLEN J. BECK, U.S. DEP'T OF JUSTICE, PRISON AND JAIL INMATES, 1995: BUREAU OF JUSTICE STATISTICS BULLETIN 4 (1996). 3. THE REAL WAR ON CRIME: THE REPORT OF THE NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE COM- MISSION 49 (Stephen R. Donziger ed., 1996). 4. This estimate uses an average of 1.5 beds per cell. 5. Sam Vincent Meddis & Deborah Sharp, Prison Business is a Blockbuster: As Spending Soars, So Do the Profits, USA TODAY, Dec. 13, 1994, at A10. 6. Phil Smith, Private Prisons: Profits on Crime, COVERT ACTION QUARTERLY, Fall 1993. 7. All Things Considered (NPR radio broadcast, Aug. 3, 1994). 8. See Paulette Thomas, Making Crime Pay: Triangle of Interests Creates Infrastructure to Fight Lawlessness, WALL ST. J., May 12, 1994, at Al. 9. THE REAL WAR ON CRIME, supra note 5, at 96-97.


In recent years, technology in the field of Architecture, Engineering and Construction has advanced significantly. This breakthrough has brought new standards and proposals, which pushed companies to advance to meet these new and more detailed models. Building Information Modeling had been in use in Brazil for a few years, but it was only in 2014 that the government of the state of Santa Catarina announced that from 2018 on, the usage of BIM would be required for all its public contracts and bids. This initiative put Santa Catarina in the spotlight as the first Brazilian state to demand this 3D model-based process in its public endeavors, which made the state a national benchmark. The objective of this research paper is to analyze how companies are readjusting to meet the new standards and requirements that come along with this new technology. In order to provide a holistic understanding of the implementation process of BIM in Santa Catarina, this research paper produced and evaluated a questionnaire that was distributed to 90 regional companies.


This article is derived from a larger study of the consumer education work of the Council of Industrial Design, founded in Britain in 1944. My particular aim is to develop a convincing account of the personal interactions that propelled the Council into existence following decades of relative inertia around the issue of industrial design, which was viewed as significant, but had so far failed to achieve the prominence associated with a dedicated state-aided body. In so doing, I stress the importance of the presence of individuals drawn from the worlds of business into the administration of the wartime state.


A dedicated stochastic framework to address the impact of substrate compression on the performance of textile antennas is presented. The joint probability distribution of the height and the permittivity of a compressible substrate is experimentally estimated. Then, a generalized polynomial chaos technique accurately quantifies the effect of the random variations on both substrate parameters on the figures of merit of a dual-polarized ISM textile antenna.


The problem which is discussed in this study is how does the form of the wisdom of Dayak Deah society tradition in South Kalimantan. This study aims to reveal the form of the wisdom of Dayak Deah society tradition in South Kalimantan. Dayak Deah society in South Kalimantan still preserves their custom in the form of wisdom tradition. Those tradition are giving birth tradition, marriage tradition, utterance fine tradition, and death ceremony tradition. Those heritage traditions are well kept to make them still exist. This study uses descriptive qualitative method to get information about the form of the wisdom of Dayak Deah society tradition in South Kalimantan deeply. The result shows the description about the form of the wisdom of Dayak Deah society tradition in South Kalimantan.


The goal of this article is to study the features and trends in the development of various forms of local governance in Russia, with a particular focus on the regions falling within the European North of Russia (ENR). To achieve this goal, a combination of general research methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, case study) and applied methods (such as grouping analysis, economic and statistical analysis, and sociological research methods) were used. The study relies on official statistics from Rosstat, reports from the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, election and referendum data from the Vybory (Elections) system, and the results of questionnaire surveys of municipal leaders in the Vologda Oblast conducted from 2007 to 2022. The scientific novelty of the study lies in its assessment of the influence of various factors (territorial urbanization level and overall municipal development) on the nuances of residents' electoral participation from 2018 to 2022, using ENR municipalities as a case study. The research revealed that elections lacking a legally established voter turnout threshold witnessed notably low voter participation rates (ranging from 28 % to 41 % in the elections of senior officials of ENR regions from 2019 to 2022, 40% to 46% in the elections of State Duma deputies in 2021, and 8% to 71% in the elections of rural settlement heads). In most cases, municipalities with predominantly rural populations demonstrated higher election turnout rates and stronger support for winning candidates, a pattern that also holds in low-development areas within the Vologda Oblast. The article also discusses how local governors in the Vologda Oblast assess civil engagement from 2012 to 2022 and offers recommendations for regional-level monitoring of diverse forms of population involvement in territorial development, with an emphasis on local public governance.


Abstract : In FY99, the Mississippi State University (MSU) Integrated Data Systems Laboratory of the Engineering Research Center for Computational Field Simulation (ERC/IDSL), formerly the MSU Center for Air Sea Technology (CAST) until 1 July 1999, conducted research under several grants and contracts from a variety of governmental sources. This document reports on ERC/IDSL performance in these areas of: (1) Advanced Development of the Master Environmental Library (MEL) System under Naval Research Laboratory Contract N00173-98-C-6012; (2) Data Distribution via the Master Environmental Library (MEL) for Navy Surf Zone Operations under Naval Research Laboratory Contract N00173-98-C-6012; (3) Master Environmental Library Implementation for a National Ocean Partnership Program Gulf of Mexico Ocean Monitoring System under NASA-Stennis Space Center Contract NAS13-98033 Delivery Order 13; (4) Development and Maintenance of the Naval Interactive Data Analysis System (NIDAS) for the Naval Oceanographic Office and Commander Mine Warfare Command under NASA-Stennis Space Center Contract NAS13-98033 Delivery Order 23; (5) Development of an Environmental Data Infrastructure for the Gulf of Mexico under Environmental Protection Agency/Gulf of Mexico Program Office Contract MXS984100-97-0; (6) Development of Metadata Collection Software in the JAVA Programming Language under U.S. Geological Survey Contract P098HQSA2002 99030279; (7) Establishing a National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse Node at the ERC/IDSL under U.S. Geological Survey Contract 98HQAG2131 98080711; and (8) A Distributed Data Warehouse for the Remote Sensing Technologies Center under NASA-Stennis Space Center Contract NCC1399001 99070609.


In Grey County, southern Ontario, a crop-tree release and fertilization experiment was carried out in 35- to 85-year-old hardwood stands of variable composition. The objective of the treatments was to improve the growth rate of selected high-quality trees. A method is described for the selection and allocation of crop trees to treatments according to a competition index (CI). Release involved thinning to reduce a tree's CI by nominal levels 0, 50, and 75%. Fertilizer was applied within a circular plot equal to 1.5 times the crown radii at rates of N = 295 and 590 kg/ha (ureaform); P = 227 and 454 kg/ha (triple superphosphate). Fertilization resulted in increased foliar concentrations of N and P in sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.), white ash (Fraxinusamericana L.), and black cherry (Prunusserotina Ehrh), but only black cherry responded to N fertilizer with an increase in diameter growth; none responded to P fertilizer. The diameter growth of sugar maple showed a response that was linearly related to the ...


The research paper focuses on the development made by AI in the healthcare sector regarding the protection of human rights. It has been identified in the studies that Machine learning developers have infringed fundamental rights in many ways. The stated issue analyses have been drawn upon the right balance between technological development and alienable rights protection. A discussion has been drawn upon the ethical and legal challenges raised due to the rapid involvement of AI in the healthcare sector. Lastly, a conclusion has been drawn to overcome and take full advantage of the technology.


Exploring the embedded form of "Management Accounting +" in rural revitalization, giving play to the role of rural party branch as a battle fortress. From the most basic process of "Management Accounting + Party Branch + Peasant Household", extend to the refined innovation mode of "Balanced Scorecard + Party Branch + Peasant Household" and "Kaizen Costing +Party Branch + Peasant Household". Using management accounting to help rural material and spiritual revitalization, we can achieve the balance between financial and non-financial indicators of rural revitalization, the balance between long-term and short-term objectives of rural revitalization, the balance between outcome indicators and motivational indicators, the balance between internal and external groups of rural organizations, the balance between the leading indicators and lagging indicators. The key research base is Miaozhuang town of Ninghe district, and the new measures of management accounting to help Tianjin rural revitalization are put forward to form the Tianjin experience of management accounting to help rural revitalization and serve the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.


A 3-year study, from 1976 to 1978, was conducted in central Iowa to establish more accurate yield-loss relationships for the painted lady, Cynthia cardui (L.), and the green cloverworm, Plathypena scabra (F.), on soybeans. Simulated larval development and insect defoliation were driven by a temperature-dependent leaf-consumption model. Central Iowa experienced a severe drought during 1976 and 1977, and yield reductions those years were great. There was an ample supply of soil moisture during the remaining year, 1978, and the insect levels simulated did not cause any yield reductions. Therefore, yieldloss relationships were established only for the dry years when a moderate drought existed, as were the subsequently calculated economic-injury levels.


Wind tunnel experiments were conducted to investigate the wind characteristics in the mountainous valley terrain with 4 simplified valley models and a 1:500 scale model of an existing valley terrain in the simulated atmospheric neutral boundary layer model. Measurements were focused on the mean wind flow and longitudinal turbulence intensity. The relationship between hillside slopes and the velocity speed-up effect were studied. By comparing the preliminary results obtained from the simplified valley model tests and the existing terrain model test, some fundamental information was obtained. The measured results indicate that it is inappropriate to describe the mean wind velocity profiles by a power law using the same roughness exponent along the span wise direction in the mountainous valley terrain. The speed-up effect and the significant change in wind direction of the mean flow were observed, which provide the information necessary for determining the design wind speed such as for a long-span bridge across the valley. The longitudinal turbulence intensity near the ground level is reduced due to the speed-up effect of the valley terrain. However, the local topographic features of a more complicated valley terrain may cause significant perturbation to the general wind field characteristics in the valley.


Background PM01183 is a new compound that blocks active transcription, produces DNA breaks and apoptosis, and affects the inflammatory microenvironment. PM01183 showed strong antitumor activity in preclinical models of cisplatin-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer. Patients and methods Patients with platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer were included in a two-stage, controlled, randomized (in a second stage), multicenter, phase II study. Primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) by RECIST and/or GCIG criteria. The exploratory first stage (n = 22) confirmed the activity of PM01183 as a single agent at 7.0 mg flat dose every 3 weeks (q3wk). The second stage (n = 59) was randomized and controlled with topotecan on days 1–5 q3wk or weekly (every 4 weeks, q4wk). Results ORR was 23% (95% CI, 13%–37%) for 52 PM01183-treated patients. Median duration of response was 4.6 months (95% CI, 2.5–6.9 months), and 23% (95% CI, 0%–51%) of responses lasted 6 months or more. Ten of the 12 confirmed responses were reported for 33 patients with platinum-resistant disease [ORR = 30% (95% CI, 16%–49%)]; for the 29 patients treated with topotecan in the second stage, no responses were found. Median PFS for all PM01183-treated patients was 4.0 months (95% CI, 2.7–5.6 months), and 5.0 months (95% CI, 2.7–6.9 months) for patients with platinum-resistant disease. Grade 3/4 neutropenia in 85% of patients; febrile neutropenia in 21% and fatigue (grade 3 in 35%) were the principal safety findings for PM01183. Conclusion PM01183 is an active drug in platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer and warrants further development. The highest activity was observed in platinum-resistant disease. Its safety profile indicates the dose should be adjusted to body surface area (mg/m2). Trial code EudraCT 2011-002172-16.


To evaluate the effect of reducing the bone to cast distance on the resistance of the pin to 6 cyclic loading in equine transfixation pin casts


We analyze the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the europium chalcogenide series EuX (X = O, S, Se, and Te) using density-functional theory (DFT). To describe the localized 4f states of Eu, we utilize the parameter-free PBE0 and HSE hybrid functionals and found a systematic qualitative and quantitative improvement over the conventional local and semilocal functionals. Both hybrid functionals predict the lattice constant and the bulk modulus of all four compounds accurately. The semiconducting behavior, the opening of the band gap, as well as the nature of the band gap across the series is reproduced. By mapping the magnetic interactions to a Heisenberg model up to the next-nearest neighbors, we find the correct trend of the magnetic order of the Eu compounds (in magnetic coupling of the Eu 4f moments), from ferromagnetic in EuO to antiferromagnetic in EuTe, with critical temperatures that are in fair agreement with experiment.


From one hand, the ligands used should form Cu(II) complexes stable enough to prevent Cu(OH)2 formation, since the solubility product of Cu(OH)2 is of the order 10 and the concentration of "free" (uncomplexed) Cu(II) ions in the pH range 11–14 cannot exceed 10–10 M, respectively. On the other hand, it is worth to note that the properties of copper deposits (compactness, exterior, morphology and crystal structure) in high extent depend on the nature of ligands used for Cu(II) binding into complexes in electroless copper plating solutions. The aim of the study presented herein was comparison of the parameters of process of electroless copper plating – plating rate, mixed potential, overpotential, surface roughness of the copper deposits obtained – using different ligands at similar conditions. The ligands considered were EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), Land DL-tartaric acids, Quadrol (N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine), xylitol, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, saccharose, glycerol, pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (Dipic) and 4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (4OH-Dipic).


With the development of electronic technology, and rapid improvement of accuracy for electronic timing, north seeking of gyro-theodolite emerges lots of new methods. As one of the most common methods of measurement for precise north seeking by mechanical gyroscope, time differencing method is a way of getting north of gyroscope, which mainly calculates the span time for two scale marks symmetrical for zero scale mark passing through gyro-theodolite sensitive part. The paper introduces north-seeking theory of time differencing method, and puts forward a north-seeking solving method by time differencing method. Without necessity of changing instrument structure, this method only needs to be re-implanted solving program, and then the true north azimuth can be solved. The result of experiment shows that this method can not only guarantee the measurement accuracy of north seeking, but also can effectively simplify traditional time differencing methods of measurement and solution, and it can reach the propose of quickly seeking north.


This paper shows the transmit diversity (TD) techniques in applications for communication systems. General classification of the TD techniques for both TDMA and CDMA systems is presented. Some very promising TD techniques are characterized, i.e. code division TD (CDTD) and the time division TD (TDTD). Implementation of the pre-RAKE technique in the TD transmitter is discussed. Some performance analysis is also included.


As a result of our experience in developing thinking skills components within gifted education programs, we have identified several key issues in the creation of an effective thinking skills program. We believe that although the development of improved questioning strategies and classroom environments to enhance thinking skills is a vital and often neglected aspect of cognitive instruction, the actual teaching of thinking skills is even more important. We define "direct instruction" as the development and use of lesson plans that describe, define and model the appropriate strategies for applying a particular thinking skill. Given the necessary training and planning time, teachers can learn to develop units of instruction to introduce, practice and transfer a given thinking skill. By observing as the teacher models the use of these strategies, and by engaging in guided practice, the student can be "coached" to attain skill mastery and will eventually be able to transfer this new thinking skill to appropria...


The plant drymaria cordata is folklorically used in the treatment of uterine fibroids. Investigating its phytoconstituents and their effects on mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore is of pharmacological importance.
The aim of this study was to identify the possible phytochemical compounds present in the most  potent sub-fraction of the plant and test them on mPT pore.
The methanol extract of drymaria cordata was successively partitioned between n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol solvent using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) technique to obtain n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions. The chloroform fraction was   partitioned into five different subfractions using VLC. The subfractions were tested for their potency in the induction of mPT pore opening. The subfraction D which was the most potent with respect to mPT pore opening was loaded on a column and eluted with n-hexane and chloroform varying the solvent systems in order of increasing polarity. The flow rate was 2.5ml/min. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) plates were used to monitor samples with similar components. Samples with similar Rf values were pooled together. For further resolution, samples which showed the same single band on the TLC plates were further subjected to purification using micro-column chromatography. The eluents were also monitored using the TLC plates.
The partially purified samples were subjected to GC-MS analysis and certain phytochemicals including  hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, hexadecanoic acid,  9-Octadecenoic acid, Oxalic acid 2-ethylhexyl isobutyl ester,  3-(p-Fluorobenzoyl)-propionic acid and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were identified.
The presence of these major compounds might be responsible for the pharmacological properties ascribed to the fraction.  Also, these could give an insight into developing chemopreventive and therapeutic approaches to various diseases in human associated with dysregulated apoptosis.

Keywords: Drymaria cordata, Mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore, Gas Chromatography, Thin Layer Chromatography, Apoptosis.


The invention relates to a delayed crosslinked chromium gel profile control plugging agent, belonging to the technical field of oilfield profile control plugging. The delayed crosslinked chromium gel profile control plugging agent is formed by crosslinking partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and Cr generated by redox reaction. The delayed crosslinked chromium gel profile control plugging agent is composed of the following components in percentage by weight: 0.3-0.8% of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, 0.02-0.20% of sodium dichromate, 0.15-0.50% of additive and the balance of water. Compared with the reported chromium gel, the delayed crosslinked chromium gel has the advantages of long gelling time, high heat stability and high gel strength. Under the optimal formula, the delayed crosslinked chromium gel has high plugging rate, favorable abrasion resistance and high practicality, and satisfies the demands for on-site construction.


In this paper we consider the conjugacy classes of diffeomorphisms of the interval, endowed with the $C^1$-topology. We present several results in the spirit of the one below :
Given two diffeomorphisms $f,g$ of the interval $[0;1]$ without hyperbolic fixed point, we give a complete answer to the two following questions:
- under what conditions does there exist a sequence of smooth conjugates $h_n f h_n^{-1}$ of $f$ tending to $g$ in the $C^1$-topology ?
- under what conditions does there exist a continuous path of $C^1$-diffeomorphisms $h_t$ such that $h_t f h_t^{-1}$ tends to $g$ in the $C^1$ topology ?
We present also some consequences of these results as regards the study of the $C^1$-centralizers of $C^1$-contractions of $[0;+\infty[$ ; for instance we exhibit a $C^1$-contraction whose centralizer is uncountable and abelian, but is not a flow.


Carbon steel (S45C) for machine construction and alloy tool steel (SKS3) were coated with chromium or chromium carbide by using electroplating or powder pack-method (Chromizing) and then titanium carbide. It is possible thermodynamically that titanium carbide (TiC) forms on the chromium carbide (Cr7C3) layer. The total thickness of this dual layer was approximatelly constant, i.e. 10-12μm. The hardness distribution profile of the dual layer changed gradually from the surface. When the chemical potential of carbon in the substrate became higher or the chromium carbide- or electroplated chromium layer became thinner, a thicker double carbide layer consisting of chromium- and titanium carbide was achieved.


A surface micromachined suspended interferometer and an atomic force microscope (AFM) are incorporated into a novel optical reading technique. The AFM tip mechanically deflects the suspended membrane as it scans past a data bit on the membrane surface. The data are read by monitoring the changing interference pattern generated in the optical aperture of the interferometer. When operated in parallel, there exists the potential for high speed, high density data reading.


Objective. To compare the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), risk factors of its development when using the old (WHO, 1999) and the new Russian criteria (2012) and to assess the correspondence between fasting glycaemia and 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), under the new criteria. Design and methods. A total of 354 pregnant women were screened for gestational diabetes mellitus by OGTT between weeks 24 and 28 of gestation. Fasting blood glucose at first prenatal visit was obtained from the medical records. GDM for therapy initiation was diagnosed according to WHO criteria. GDM was also retrospectively defined according to the new IADPSG-criteria (fasting plasma glucose ≥ 5,1 and 5,1 mmol/l at the first prenatal visit the results of OGTT met the criteria for GDM (IADPSG) at 24–28 weeks gestation. Total incidence of GDM according to the new criteria (at the first prenatal visit and after 24 weeks of pregnancy) was 43,4 %. Conclusions. Application of the new Russian criteria leads to a significant increase in the frequency of GDM, mainly due to the fasting glucose level at the first prenatal visit. In women with GDM, diagnosed according to the IADPSG-criteria (but not WHO), such risk factors of GDM as heredity for diabetes mellitus and hypertension before pregnancy were more often identified compared with women without GDM.


Ethanolic leaf extract of Calycopteris floribunda was investigated for hepatoprotective activity against cadmium induced liver damage. Various biochemical parameters, serum glutamate oxalo acetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase and total protein were determined to assess the effect of the leaf extract on the cadmium induced hepatic damage. The animals treated with cadmium recorded elevated concentration indicating severe hepatic damage by cadmium, whereas the blood samples from the animals treated with 200 mg/kg (b.w) and 400 mg/kg (b.w) of ethanolic leaf extract of Calycopteris floribunda showed significant reduction in the serum markers indicating the effect of the leaf extract in restoring the normal functional ability of the hepatocytes. Silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was given as reference drug. The present study concluded that the ethanolic leaf extract of Calycopteris floribunda showed significant hepatoprotection against cadmium‐induced hepatocellular injury.


In the case of physical quantities for which no international standards exist, such as microwave power and microwave noise, it may be desirable to establish an international standard by combination of the data from several laboratory standards. Even if there is an international standard, it conceivably might be replaced by a new composite standard, for example the mean of several laboratory atomic-time standards. A weighted mean may be preferable. It is noted that the "best" combination of observations for estimating a theoretical mean or median value depends on the theoretical frequency distribution from which the observations are drawn. Since the theoretical distribution for observations from different laboratories would in general be unknown, two weighted means are suggested which are reasonably good for many distributions, allowing for wild observations particularly, and in which the weight of each observation depends only on its order when the observations are ordered in size. The efficiencies of these and other estimates are evaluated for each of four distributions.


Many administrative and legal processes involve the option to appeal an initial decision. This provides an additional opportunity to demonstrate eligibility for a program, innocence in a criminal case, or fitness for residency in a country. However, researchers and policymakers know very little about the effects of adding or subtracting stages of appeal. On one hand, fewer stages of appeal means fewer opportunities to demonstrate eligibility, which may decrease overall allowances, administrative costs, and processing times. On the other hand, if applicants and adjudicators anticipate future appeals and infer information from past appeals, eliminating an appeals stage may induce initial adjudicators to increase allowances or encourage applicants to pursue higher levels of appeal. After illustrating the key theoretical parameters dictating these impacts, I study a 1999 reform to the Social Security disability adjudication process in which an intermediate appeals stage was eliminated for ten states. In line with the latter model, I find evidence that eliminating this appeals stage increased allowances onto the program and saved little in terms of processing time and administrative costs due to these dynamic responses. In practice, appeals are not simply extra chances to demonstrate eligibility: they are tools for switching between equilibria whose effects depend on a set of key behavioral parameters.1 1 I would like to thank Jason Brown and Ted Horan for making my work at the Social Security Administration possible, as well as Jae Song, Mark Sarney, Alexander Strand, and Patrick McGuire for their support and assistance.


On the basis of analyzing hazard formative mechanism and hazard formative factors of railway flood disaster, model of calculating fatality of railway flood disaster is discussed and established by applying gray theory and symbolic statistics. During the study, the authorstake39 years (1959~1997) flood disaster data of Xinjiang Line of New Eurasian Continental Bridge as the training data. Firstly, by analyzingand dealing with the historical data, flood disaster frequency, flood disaster density and periods of disruption are determined to be the main indexes to evaluate fatality of railway flood disaster of Xinjiang Line of New Eurasian Continental Bridge, and the weighting of three indexes are 5、3、2 in turn on the basis of gray theory. Then, take the distance between grade three stations along railway as analysis unit, and on the basis of the interrelationshipsand the weighting of each of three indexes, a model of evaluating the fatalness of railway flood disaster is established. Lastly, the model established in this paper are applied into practice and calculate the fatality of the research units of Xinjiang Line of New Eurasian Continental Bridge, and find that the result calculated is very close to thedistribution condition of flood disaster along railway.


Due to the inherent ambiguities in natural languages, the parsing of a sentence in any Machine Translation System may generate different ambiguous parse trees, and the categorical constituents of each tree are often nested with each other. Since this phenomenon is unpredictable and difficult to deal with, the parsing of these sentences, especially for long ones, is very easy to get failed when analyzed, and easy to produce poor translations. As a result, a preprocessing module is proposed for systematically chunking Noun Phrases. This paper describes the modeling of Noun Phrases based on Constraint Synchronous Grammar formalism, with emphasis in its application to Portuguese-Chinese Machine Translation. This formalism can model not only syntactic structures of two languages simultaneously, but also express detailed feature structures of the languages.


Free word association responses of 200 Ss, 100 lower- and 100 middle-class children, to audiory and visual stimuli were sampled. Middle-class Ss gave more paradigmatic responses than lower-class Ss. Visual presentation method yielded higher mean number of paradigmatic responses for both kindergarten Ss, and lower-class Ss. Auditory presentation yielded higher mean for fifth-grade Ss.


Abstract Targeting kinases with oncogenic driver mutations in malignancies with allosteric kinase inhibitors is a promising new treatment technique. EGFR inhibitors targeting the L858R/T790M/C797S mutation bearing thiazolidine-4-one scaffold were discovered, optimized, synthesized, and biologically evaluated. According to in silico and in vitro studies, compounds 6a and 6b resulted to be highly potent with IC50 values of 120 nM and 134 nM and good selectivity. Compound 6a displayed significant antioxidant activity, with a DPPH radical scavenging value of 92.15%. The potency of compounds was also compared with ADMET and molecular dynamics simulations study. A comparative simulation of model protein and protein-ligand complex in presence and absence of compound 6a has been carried out. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma


Compositions of stabilized stereoregular polymers of branched higher alpha-olefins, grafting compounds, free radical generators, glass and epoxy resins and/or epoxy-functional silanes and/or hydroxy functional compounds are provided as well as methods for making these compounds and articles thereof.


When a speaker talks, the consequences of this can be heard (audio) and seen (visual). We use a novel visual phonemic restoration task to assess behavioral discrimination and neural signatures (ERP) of audiovisual processing in typically developing children with a range of social and communicative skill and in children with autism. In an auditory oddball design we presented two types of stimuli to the listener, a clear exemplar of an auditory consonant-vowel syllable /ba/ and a syllable in which the auditory cues for the consonant was substantially weakened, creating a stimulus which is more like /a/. All speech tokens were paired with a face producing /ba/ or a face with a pixelated mouth, effectively masking visual speech articulation. In this paradigm, the visual /ba/ should cause the auditory /a/ to be perceived as /ba/, creating an attenuated oddball response (phonemic restoration), but the pixelated video should not have this effect. Across two studies we observed behavioral and ERP effects that are consistent with phonemic restoration overall; however, autism-like traits and autism were associated with overall reductions in phonemic discrimination regardless of face context, suggesting that autism may be associated with impairments in speech processing but not AV speech integration.


Primary and secondary aliphatic amines react at room temperature with oxanorbornene (I) to yield bicyclic adducts (III) whereas anilines produce significant amounts of (Z)-β-enamine esters (VI) as side products.


A mathematical model for single-species aerosol production and transport is formulated, and solved using an adapted PISO algorithm. The model is applied to a laminar flow diffusion chamber, using a finite volume method on a collocated grid. In tran- sient simulations, a sharp scalar front (e.g., vapor mass fraction), is shown to introduce unphysical oscillation in the solution, when applying a second order linear interpolation in the convective terms. At increased grid resolution, these oscillations are strongly at- tenuated. When applying a TVD scheme (here the MUSCL scheme), a time-accurate monotonicity-preserving solution is obtained. The numerical dissipation introduced by the MUSCL scheme implies increased spatial resolution to restore high accuracy levels. We develop a one-dimensional grid refinement algorithm, which relates the grid density in one direction to the magnitude of the scalar gradient. In combination with the MUSCL scheme, this gives accurate results, with a significant reduction in computational effort, in comparison with a uniform fine grid.


ObjectiveTo provide experimental proof for the specific immunotherapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).MethodsThe expression of c-erbB-2 and HLA-A2 molecules in RCC were examined by flow cytometery and HLA-A2 cDNA RT-PCR.Tumor lysatic antigens (Tuly) was used to load DCs (DC-Tuly) to induce the generation of c-erbB-2 specific CTLs derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of RCC patients in vitro and CTLs was used to kill RCC cells which express or not express c-erbB-2 and HLA-A2.The cytotoxic activity of induced CTLs was further studied by antibodies (anti-c-erbB-2 and anti-CD 8) blocking assay.Resultsc-erbB-2 protein is tumor associated antigens for RCC.DC-Tuly induced specific CTLs highly killed c-erbB-2+ HLA-A2+ autologous and allogenic RCC,but non-specific ones lowly killed c-erbB-2- HLA-A2+ or c-erbB-2+ HLA-A2-RCC cells. The cytotoxic activity against tumor cells was blocked by anti-c-erbB-2 and anti-CD 8 monoclonal antibodies.ConclusionsThese results suggest that this specific CTLs adoptive immunotherapy for RCC patients with c-erbB-2+ HLA-A2+ could be a novel approach for clinical use.


A molecular theory for small-angle neutron scattering from polymer mixtures is reviewed and extended to consider multiphase polymer systems such as block copolymers and their blends with homopolymers. Methods are developed for the isolation of scattering functions for individual components in these blends. These methods rely on two contrast-matching techniques: the concept of "composition matching," where a mixture of deuterium-labeled and protonated species is used to match the contrast of a third component; and the synthesis of "phase-matched" block copolymers, where the contrast of the block copolymer sequences are matched. Methods are discussed specifically for the isolation of single chain and single sequence scattering functions for diblock and triblock copolymers, their blends with homopolymers, and star copolymers.


ISO 14000 EMS certification is yet considered as an expense among Malaysian manufacturing organizations rather than a beneficial cost that should be considered as an investment which ultimately leads to valuable outcomes. Since the adoption and implementation of ISO 14000 EMS is mostly voluntary, the understanding of its significant is usually neglected. ISO 14000 EMS is grounded on the concept that greater environmental performance and sustainability can be gained while environmental matters are identified and managed thoroughly. Although voluntary environmental management standards are attracting increasing interest, the overall number of corporations seeking ISO 14000 EMS is relatively low among Malaysian manufacturing organizations. Top management has an essential role in ensuring the proper implementation of an EMS. Hence, this paper emphasizes on the impact of top management commitment on the ISO 14000 EMS implementation and investigates the effect of the implementation on sustainability of corporations.


A new class of fullerene bis-adducts—di(4-methylphenyl)methano-C60 bis-adduct (DMPCBA), di(4-fluorophenyl)methano-C60 bis-adduct (DFPCBA), and diphenylmethano-C60 bis-adduct (DPCBA)—were rationally designed and easily synthesized. Compared to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of PC61BM (−3.95 eV), the double functionalization effectively raises the LUMO energy levels of these fullerene materials to ca. −3.85 eV, regardless of the substituent groups (CH3–, F–, and H−) at the para-position of the phenyl rings. This phenomenon suggests that the plane of the phenyl groups is preferentially parallel to the fullerene surface, leading to poor orbital interactions with C60 and negligible electronic effect. Importantly, such geometry sterically protects and shields the core C60 structure from severe intermolecular aggregation, rendering it intrinsically soluble, morphologically amorphous, and thermally stable. The device based on the P3HT:DMPCBA blend exhibited an open-circuit voltage (Vo...


We would like to thank Dr. Chen and his colleagues for their interest in our study. We are grateful for the insightful comments of our manuscript and we are happy to respond to them.


In a distributed system like peer to peer network, there are two ways of storing the data namely homogeneous and heterogeneous. Mining the homogeneous data  in a client is less time consuming and fast compared to the mining in the server. Frequent sets play an essential role in many Data Mining tasks that try to find interesting patterns from databases, such as association rules, correlations, sequences, episodes, classifiers and clusters. The mining of association rules is one of the most  popular problems of all these. In this paper, Active Apriori algorithm is used to find the frequent items in the data set which reduces the cost. This method compresses the database by removing unnecessary transaction records and data items from the database that are not used for further processing. The speed of algorithm is increased because it needs to scan only the compressed database and not entire database. The results of the Active apriori algorithm can be optimized using an effective genetic algorithm to identify the top l elements or most frequent item sets. In this method,  the near distance of rule set are found using equalize distance formula and generate two classes namely, higher class and lower class . The classes are validated by distance weight vector, which  maintains a threshold value of rule item set. This Effective genetic algorithm is mainly used for optimization of rule set.


This study examined the reliability of the newly developed ground reaction force asymmetry index (GRF AI) at seat-off using a low-cost force plate and the validity of this new test by comparing it with other muscle strength-measuring methods and walking speed. This study was a cross-sectional design in general hospital setting. A convenience sample of 47 community-dwelling adults aged ≥40 years was performed. GRF AI is the measurement value obtained by shifting the weight to the right and left while performing sit-to-stand (STS). GRF AI assessed using GRF data at seat-off during an STS test with maximal weight shift to the right and left side and repeated 4 weeks later. Hip and knee extensor strength were measured using hand-held dynamometry; hand grip strength and walking speed were measured using a standardized method. Intrasessional intrarater reliability of the right and left side at Sessions 1 and 2 were high (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC] = 0.947 and 0.974; 0.931 and 0.970, respectively). In addition, the intersessional intrarater reliability of a single test trial (ICC = 0.911 and 0.930) and the mean of three test trials (ICC = 0.965 and 0.979) was also high. There was a low correlation between right-side GRF AI and right hand grip strength (r = 0.268) and between left-side GRF AI and left hand grip strength (r = 0.316). No significant correlations were found between the GRF AI and other parameters. Although the reliability of the GRF AI was high, the validity was poor. To be clinically useful, this test should be further refined by modifying the test protocol.


This paper describes RHALE, a two and three-dimensional, multi-material, arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (MMALE) physics code written in C++. RHALE is the successor to CTH, Sandia's 3-D Eulerian shock physics code, and will be c of solving problems that CTH cannot adequately address. RHALE employs a three step solution algorithm for the equa motion: (1) a Lagrangian step capable of solving for either structural or hydrodynamic responses, (2) a remesh step to mesh tangling or to facilitate Eulerian hydrodynamic algorithms, and (3) an Eulerian remap step.


In patients with bullous hemorrhagic amyloidosis of the skin, the skin lesions were the first manifestations of a plasma cell dyscrasia. Both cases were characterized by similar clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural findings showing an intradermal blister within deposits of amyloid substances. Immunohistologic investigations with a panel of antibodies directed against amyloid fibril proteins showed reactivity of the amyloid deposits with an anti-A lambda serum in both patients.


Palynological, stratigraphical and chronological investigations were made on the Holocene buried humus soils intercalated in the coastal sand dunes developed along the Japan Sea in the Hokuriku district, Central Japan.The purpose of the present investigations is to determine a definite age of the formation of the humus soils, palaeoclimatic condition under which they were formed, their topographical environments and the relationship between the formation of their humus soils and coastal sand dune and the cahnge of sea-level.Most of the studied humus soils and peat deposits are considered to have formed during the close of the Middle Jomonian to the Early Old Tomb periods. The conclusion are based on 14C dating, the stratigraphy, topographical setting and archaeological remains found in the humus soils.The palaeoclimatic condition at those periods was cool temperate, judging from such macroplant remains as erect tree stumps, leaves and seeds, and microplants as pollen grains and spores. The annual mean temperature was estimated at some 11°C, and the flora which was developed on the Inner and Middle or Old sand dunes was composed mainly of either a riparian or a mixedslope type, being closely similar to the present lowland vegetation in the northern Honshu.A relative minor rise of the sea-level and migration of the coastal sand dunes seem to have caused the formation of most of the buried humus soils and peat which is called Sotan in Japanese, and submerged and buried forests in the coastal areas of the Japan Sea, Hokuriku district, Central Japan.


Two 1:1 molecular adducts of the s- triazine herbicide prometryn [N,N′- bis (1-methylethyl)-6-methylthio-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] with 4-nitrobenzoic acid, [(C7H4NO4)-(C10H20N5S)+.H2O] (1), and with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, [(C7H3N2O6)-(C10H20N5S)+] (2), have been prepared and characterized. The structure of (1) has been determined by X-ray methods and refined to a residual R 0.055 for 2072 observed reflections. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/c with Z 4 in a cell of dimensions a 7.191(4), b 28.359(8), c 10.990(6) Ǻ, β 104.75(3)°. The carboxylic acid group protonates a nitrogen of the triazine ring and is involved in a cyclic hydrogen-bonding association with this and with a secondary amine of the side chain [N…O, 2.76, 2.78(1)Ǻ], while the second amine is associated with the lattice water [N…O, 2.90(1)Ǻ]. Spectroscopic methods have been used to confirm the similarity of the molecular associations involving the carboxylic acid groups of the aromatic acids and prometryn in both (1) and (2).


The article is about the peculiarities of reproduction of poverty and low social sta tus of lonely elderly people through the mechanism of social policy. The article is based on the results of analyzing texts of official documents, newspapers and interviews with the experts and a client of a social service. The author raises the question on a contribu tion of social policy and social work both into a formal increase of weal and multiplica tion of suffering. It regards, in that number, the frustration of social workers in the transforming Russian society, who everyday play the role of scapegoats facing human suffering and having misery resources to relieve them.


Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Degenerative ankle joint disease is a debilitating condition that causes significant pain, adversely affects function and quality of life. Though primary arthritis of the ankle can occur without deformity, frequently soft tissue imbalances or joint deformities complicate the clinical picture. Often, additional procedures are required to balance the foot and ankle during the index total ankle replacement procedure. When large deformities exist a staged approach to first, align the ankle joint to neutral as stage one and then implantation of the TAR as stage two can be deployed. This paper will further popularize the cement spacer staged TAR technique in correction of coronal deformities, share a clinical algorithm on approach, and depict a case series demonstrating its application. Methods: A case series was performed of 7 patients and 8 ankles, who underwent staged primary TAR utilizing a cement spacer to assist with deformity correction, between the years 2016-2019. Results: Patients' mean age 58.5 yrs., preoperative varus coronal plane deformity mean 19.1 degrees, preoperative valgus coronal plane mean 10.25 degrees. Mean time from stage 1 till 2 was 163.5, +-140.2 days. Stage 1 soft tissue procedures: Chrisman-Snook procedure with synthetic ligament graft, Brostrum-Gould with synthetic graft, Brostrum-Gould without graft, FDL transfer, and isolated medial release/peel. Osteotomies performed during stage one: Dwyer, MDCO, Cotton, and MDCO with medial malleolus osteotomy. Fusions performed during stage one consisted: Subtalar joint, talonavicular joint (TNJ), and STJ with 1st Metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ). Seven ankles were replaced with Cadence Total Ankle System (Integra), and one with INBONE II (Wright Medical Technology). Average follow-up time for included patients was 290.75 days (9.7 months). One revision was performed following index TAR procedure. Conclusion: This paper describes a cement wedge spacer staged total ankle arthroplasty technique for correction and stabilization of deforming forces at the ankle joint. While not all ankle deformities necessitate a staged approach, the complexity of the malalignment and the extent of tissue disruption needed to achieve a neutral ankle should be considered when correcting a given deformity with a staged or non-staged approach.


Background  Blue nevi are a group of congenital and acquired dermal melanocytoses characterized by a blue‐gray appearance on the skin. The common blue nevus and cellular blue nevus are the most common subtypes. Patch‐type blue nevus is rather rare.