Introduction of industrial application and assessment result of Sayvol EC 2 Fuel Treatment from Xijing Power Plant and Hengyun C Plant: overall saving rate up to 5.5% is achieved; high and low temperature corrosion has been efficiently inhibited and, with a significant environmental improvement, good economical and social impact has been created. The authors also have a primary and systematic discussion on the mechanism of the treatment additive and brings about a viewpoint as "fuel additives will serve as an extension of dynamic technology". Tables 4 and refs 4.


Since the late 1990s, the economies of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have experienced unprecedented economic growth, which has attracted a large number of foreign investors. American companies were among the first to seek business opportunities and have invested over $1 billion in the three countries as of 2008. However, the boom—partly financed on a loose credit policy—has recently created a fragile economic situation due to soaring wages, doubledigit inflation, and high current account deficits. The resulting economic deceleration in the first half of 2008 has led analysts to comment that the "Baltic Bubble" is about to burst, potentially leading to a long-term recession. Other experts, nevertheless, maintain that the three countries are only experiencing a natural consolidation, which does not seriously endanger business opportunities in the long run. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current condition of the Baltic economies and the environment for businesses there in order to determine if the three countries will still be attractive destinations for foreign direct investment (FDI) in the future.


The lateral portion of the entorhinal cortex is one of the first brain regions affected by tau pathology, an important biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Improving our understanding of this region's cognitive role may help identify better cognitive tests for early detection of AD. Based on its functional connections, we tested the idea that the human anterolateral entorhinal cortex (alERC) may play a role in integrating spatial information into object representations. We recently demonstrated that the volume of the alERC was related to processing the spatial relationships of the features within an object (Yeung et al., 2017). In the present study, we investigated whether the human alERC might also play a role in processing the spatial relationships between an object and its environment using an eyetracking task that assessed visual fixations to a critical object within a scene. Guided by rodent work, we measured both object-in-place memory, the association of an object with a given context (Wilson et al., 2013), and object-trace memory, the memory for the former location of objects (Tsao, Moser, & Moser, 2013). In a group of older adults with varying stages of brain atrophy and cognitive decline, we found that the volume of the alERC and the volume of the parahippocampal cortex (PHC) selectively predicted object-in-place memory, but not object-trace memory. These results provide support for the notion that the alERC may integrate spatial information into object representations.


Abstract Landlord villages played a major role in rural life for many centuries in the Tehran Plain and many other parts of Iran. Although they are now abandoned, they were occupied within living memory, and thus offer the opportunity for study as an historical archaeology project, with a methodology that draws together analysis of standing buildings, oral testimony, excavation and, in the future, historical records. These analyses allow us to begin to consider issues such as social hierarchies and relationships, identity and activities within the villages. This article discusses the results of the fieldwork to date and explores the potential for Historical Archaeology projects in Iran.


The first two methods seem appropriate for the measuring of the "cost of living," as they cover the consumption of the service produced by housing. The payments method reflects the actual outlay for owning a dwelling for shelter purposes; it can be regarded as a simplified version of the user cost method. The user cost method, as adopted by Canada and Sweden, includes the opportunity cost of owning a dwelling (the interest rate) and expected changes in house prices, in addition to relative price of houses, depreciation, tax, repairs and maintenance. There is an issue as to whether we should include the price of the land in the calculation of user cost, an issue which has important policy implications for the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in the case of Japan. Housing and Monetary Policy in Japan


The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of
inflorescense on pollen viability and morphology of strawberry pollens. TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride), IKI (iodine+potassium iodide) and Safranin stain tests were used to determine pollen viability. Pollen morphology was observed under SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope).


According to the traditional intrusion-detection system and the access-control-application system used as the aim of protection is mutually isolated,which are short of a cooperation and harmony between them, leading to unable detect complicated attack and react with response timely and existing a large amount of mistake operations,and then this paper puts forward to t■ model of integrated access control and intrusion detection.To check and react with intrusion through the comparison-access model and the security strategy,and to build the system being able to check mutuality that be unlike attacks communicating by letter.


The invention discloses a welding method of pure nickel pipelines. The method is characterized by including the steps that the ends needing welding of the two pure nickel pipelines are polished to form grooves, the grooves are fixed and in butt joint through a clamp, and the two ends of a plurality of metal strips are fixedly connected with the positions, on the two sides of the butt joint position, of the pipelines; nitrogen is injected from one end of one pure nickel pipeline; the butt joint position of the pipelines is heated and baked for a period of time; negative phase electrodes are connected to the pipelines, and comprehensive welding is conducted three times through welding electrodes with the positive electrodes, wherein in the comprehensive welding process, nitrogen is continuously injected to the welding positions till a period of time after welding. The method has the advantages that it is maintained that in the welding process, welding joints and air are isolated, heat of the positions, near the welding joints, of the pipelines is uniformly dissipated, and heat crack phenomena of the welding joints and the pipelines are greatly reduced.


To provide a cheese-like food that has moldability such as shred and that melts easily by heating and maintains a soft texture even after cooling. An acid-treated starch and SFC (solid fat content) containing fats and oils that are 45% or more at 10 ° C and 20% or more at 20 ° C, and a cheese-like food having a protein content of 10% by weight or less solves the above problems The knowledge that it can be done has been found, and the present invention has been completed.


Berenbaum and colleagues (2003; this issue) present a framework to categorize emotional functioning difficulties, which they argue provides incremental validity beyond the diagnostic nosology. The taxonomy offered has considerable heuristic value. A taxonomy of emotional repertoires offers the possibility of targeting emotional experience and expression problems, independent of diagnostic labels. Given the extensive research on emotion in psychopathology, it seems timely to consider assessment schemes that would force clinicians to consider emotional repertoires in clinical decision making about what to target (and when) and whether a given type of intervention is indicated. However, it is unclear whether, at present, specific, functional emotional-processing difficulties can be reliably and validly assessed. This commentary focuses on several features of the taxonomy that require clarification and underscores the need for more research. In addition, the applicability of the model to trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is discussed.


Glycosidic oxocarbenium ions A1+ were formed by isobutane chemical ionization from methyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-beta-D-mannopyranoside, methyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside and methyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (the ring -O-being converted into -O+=), and their reaction with ammonia was studied by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry. Very slow formation (reaction efficiency 0.6-1.4%) of the adduct ion [A1 + NH3]+ was observed as the main process for carefully thermalized ions A1+. Interestingly, the efficiency of the adduct ion formation depends on the sterochemistry of ions A1+.


Mitochondrial dysfuntion due to oxidative stress seems to be crucial in cell death and tissue damage caused by ischaemia-reperfusion injury during myocardial infarction. Thus, we focused our attention on describing ROS production and lipid peroxidation following an ischaemia-reperfusion injury and to realize our goal two different mitochondria-targeted probes have been employed: MitoB, directed to identify H2O2 generation, and MitoH, sought to give information about 4-HNE.


The authors demonstrate distributed temperature sensing based on slope-assisted Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry (BOCDR) with a long measurement range of >10 km. They find that to achieve such a long-range measurement, a delay line in a reference path needs to be at least four times longer than the sensing fibre. In addition, they show that the use of such a long delay line induces forward-propagating Brillouin-scattered light in the reference path, which deteriorates the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the system and should be suppressed. Finally, by exploiting a beyond-nominal-resolution effect of the slope-assisted BOCDR, they detect a 3-m-long heated section in a 13-km-long silica fibre in a distributed manner; the reason for its low SNR is also discussed.


For four generations, the Jordaan family from the Swaershoek Valley near Somerset East in the Eastern Cape has played a central role in the development of the now internationally acclaimed Boer goat breed. Mike Burgess recently visited Jac Jordaan on the farm Grootvlakte to learn more about his award-winning animals.


Modern aluminum electrolysis in cryolite-alumina melts is energy-intensive, inefficient and environmentally hazardous production. Addressing these significant shortcomings, the technology of low-temperature electrolyte is directed. The basis of low-temperature electrolysis is potassium cryolite, which results in high magnitude and rate of dissolution of alumina. Additive of sodium and lithium fluorides provide the necessary conductivity. Experimental investigation of these properties is extremely time consuming. In this work, as a parameter, which will allow to characterize effectively and rapidly the complexing ability of cryolite melts, the ratio of cationic ion power of Al3+ to the total power of the other cations of the melt is proposed. Regression analyses of the known experimental data establish the existence with a high level of reliability (R2=0.966-0.995) of a directly proportional dependence of this parameter on solubility of alumina and electrical conductivity of cryolite melts.


The Seawater Greenhouse system uses sunlight, seawater and air to provide freshwater and cooled and humid air, so that in addition to provide the water required for greenhouse, supply more sustainable environmental condition from cultivation of crops in arid coastal regions. In this system ambient air is passed through the two evaporative cooling pads, which plant growth area is placed between those pads, by fans that placed end of the building, and then returned taking humidity on the tube-and-fin condenser. In order to decrease the entrance heating load to the plants, use pipe arrays to provide shade. This paper tries to describe simulation the Seawater Greenhouse considering condition of the Bandar Abbas City in IRAN. Different cycles of Sea water greenhouse, including 6 arrangements, was modeled and obtained the behavior of each cycle one of the results of this paper is presenting an enhanced model to earn more produced water. Next, optimal working conditions are specified for absorption chillers and after that, the effect of the thermoeconomic parameter on the maximum thermoeconomic criterion, coefficient of performance and the specific refrigeration load corresponding to the maximum value of the thermoeconomic criterion are investigated. (M. Hajiamiri , G.R. Salehi . Modeling of the Seawater Greenhouse Systems. Life Sci J 2013;10(8s):353-359) (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 56


China's 12th Five-Year Plan emphasizes green technological advances in energy conservation, which provides a feasible quasi-natural experimental node to study the role of green technological innovation in influencing the achievement of carbon neutrality. The difference-in-difference model examines whether China's electricity consumption efficiency has improved since the 12th Five-Year Plan and reveals the role of green technology innovation in this process. Specifically, this paper takes 216 cities in China from 2003 to 2016 as the study sample, the midpoint between China's 11th and 12th Five-Year Plans as the quasi-natural starting point, and uses the top 50 cities in terms of the number of listed companies as the quasi-natural experimental group. The results show that China's electricity consumption efficiency has improved significantly since the 12th Five-Year Plan, supported by different robustness tests. The mechanism analysis finds that green technology innovation positively affects energy efficiency but is not the best option for cities with many listed companies. Cities with many listed companies can achieve energy savings by adjusting their industrial structure. Energy conservation and emission reduction policies should be formulated according to the city's situation and give full play to green technology progress and industrial transformation and upgrading, which is of great significance to achieving carbon neutrality.


In this study was to prepare extracts aqueous and ethanol from Fenugreek Trigonella foenumgraecum Seeds powder, The aqueous extract and ethanol extract were used for analyzing the main phytochemical, nutrient and active groups composition of fenugreek seeds powder Trigonella  foenumgraecum.The preliminary tests of active groups in extracts were carried out. It appeared to contain (alkaloids, flavonoids ,phenolic compounds , tannins ,terpenes and saponins) . The extracts were different in their content of active groups quantitatively and qualitatively. And to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity of aqueous and ethanol seeds extracts of Trigonella foenumgraecum.,was used three different methods and all the three methods have proven the effectiveness ofextracts aqueous and ethanol from Fenugreek Trigonella foenumgraecum Seeds compared to the reference standard antioxidant ascorbic acid, Showed the study is conducted to estimate the activity of the extracts prepared from Fenugreek Trigonella foenumgraecum Seeds as antioxidant in vitro by measuring the reducing power and their capacity of scavenging hydrogen peroxide as compared with the standard compound ascorbic acid. The results indicated that the extracts aqueous and ethanol Fenugreek Trigonella  foenumgraecum Seeds exhibited the highest had a reducing power and a capacity of scavenging hydrogen peroxide, and demonstrated that extracts antioxidant capacity less than the standard for the reducing power and phosphomolybdate reduction methods. This is observed through increasing the intensity of absorbance with increasing the concentration.


By the aid of the Microwave Design System (MDS), software package, the design and analysis of the downconversion and IF amplification parts of a microwave superheterodyne receiver, operating in the S-band, and the implementation of the designed subsystem in microstrip form, is presented. The designed subsystem has two modes of operation according to the desired application, either a large dynamic range the a high sensitivity mode. All individual circuits constituting this subsystem in the first mode of operation are fabricated separately and their characteristics are measured to test their performances. Then the integration of these circuits on a single substrate is considered and its characteristics are also tested and measured.


Postmenopausal osteoporosis is an oestrogen deficiency-induced, systemic skeletal disease that affects the quality of life of patients once severe complications develop. The imbalance in osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis is the crucial pathological basis of osteoporosis and it is affected by classical pathways, epigenetic regulation, post-transcriptional regulation, oxidative stress-mediated signalling, and gut microbiotas. New methods to manage postmenopausal osteoporosis are essential and urgent. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry derived bone mineral density is acknowledged as the gold standard for osteoporosis diagnosis, and FRAX®, along with other clinical risk factors, has been used for osteoporotic fracture assessment. Novel serum biomarkers, such as circulating microRNA, are emerging and showing potential for diagnosing osteoporosis and estimating fracture risk. A major aim of osteoporosis diagnosis is to clarify the origins of the disease, clarify the functions of biomarkers and their dynamic changes responding to therapy, and develop a novel diagnostic strategy in combination with current methods. Traditional therapeutics, including bisphosphonates, denosumab, oestrogen replacement, and teriparatide, have been used in osteoporosis therapy for a long time. Some severe side effects have resulted in therapy discontinuation; however, the incidence of adverse reactions is quite low. Developing novel treatments for osteoporosis using mesenchymal stem cells or Chinese medicinal herb-based therapy is of increasing interest to researchers, based on their improved safety, efficiency, and cost performance. Improvements in both diagnostic and therapeutic strategies may contribute to personalised management of osteoporosis.


Hyperglycemia during the ebb phase is promoted by hepatic glycogenolysis secondary to catechola− mine release, as well as by direct sympathetic stimulation of glycogen breakdown. Hyperglycemia is a prominent feature of the flow phase in patients who sustain more severe injury or in whom septic complications develop. It results from augmented glucose production in the presence of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. The flow phase is clinically expressed as a syndrome consisting of: hypermetabolism (manifested by hyperglycemia, hyper− lactatemia, and protein catabolism), a hyperdynamic cardiovascular state, and clinical manifestations of fever or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnoea, and leukocytosis. The hypermetabolic response to stress may be prolon− ged when stimuli for continuing formation of mediators exist – a persistent focus of injury or infection. Three sy− stems are responsible for translation of the initial stimulus into the stress response: nervous, endocrine, and humo− ral (cytokine). These systems are interrelated, maximal metabolic response to stress requires participation of all th− ree. Hyperglycemia following stress is common, despite the fact that many tissues exhibit increased cellular uptake and utilization of glucose. Peripheral insulin resistance is central to this process by limiting insulin−mediated glu− cose uptake in skeletal muscles. In addition, hepatic insulin resistance also plays a role in the genesis of hypergly− cemia during stress. In general, the degree of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance is directly proportional to the severity of the stress response. Hyperlactemia and oxygen consumption also increase concurrently with the seve− rity of stress. Modest hyperglycemia during stress was thought to be of potential benefit by promoting cellular glu− cose uptake, however, the most recent studies show a decreased mortality in patients in whom blood glucose le− vel was maintained between 80–110 mg/dl (4.5–6.1 mmol/dl). It is yet to be determined whether this applies to pediatric patients. Severe hyperglycemia may be associated with complications, this in turn could result in end− organ dysfunction.


This paper describes two run-to-run controllers, a nonlinear multiple exponential-weight moving-average (NMEWMA) controller and a dynamic model-tuning minimum-variance (DMTMV) controller, for photolithography processes. The relationships between the input recipes (exposure dose and focus) and output variables (critical dimensions) were formed using an experimental design method, and the photolithography process model was built using a multiple regression analysis, Both the NMEWMA and DMTMV controllers could update the process model and obtain the optimal recipes for the next run Quantified improvements were obtained from simulations and real photolithography processes.


ABSTRACT Multi-wire sawing, with fixed diamond abrasives, has been widely used for wafer mass production. However, the slicing mechanism has not been clarified completely, and the optimum slicing conditions are still determined through trial and error. In this study, the slicing mechanism of fixed abrasive wire sawing, using an electroplated diamond wire, was investigated experimentally. First, the diamond wire stiffness, and the relationship between normal cutting force and wire deflection, were discussed. Second, the influence of slicing conditions on cutting forces and the surface topography of the sliced wafer were investigated in detail. Third, a new analysis model based on a material removal method was proposed. The average abrasive cutting depth and the specific cutting energy were calculated at various slicing conditions namely, the wire speed, the feeding speed and the wire tension. Finally, the relationship of the average abrasives cutting depth to slicing characteristics and wafer quality were discussed. It was clarified that the average abrasive cutting depth is closely related to wafer quality and cutting characteristics. The material removal behavior changes with the average abrasives cutting depth. The size effect appears at a small cutting depth and brittle mode cutting becomes dominant at a large cutting depth.


The application of graphite-containing refractories has increased enormously over the latest ten years, especially in the case of refractory castables. Graphite in such refractories contributes to the reduction of the material thermal expansion and improvement on its thermal shock resistance, fracture energy and slag resistance. However, the low wettability of graphite in water and organic liquids represents a barrier to its processing. Therefore, a surface treatment of graphite particles is required to improve its wettability and enable its dispersion in aqueous suspensions. The main structural and surface characteristics responsible for the low wettability of graphite, as well as the most common surface treatment methods applied are discussed in the present review article. Such surface treatment methods include the surface covering of graphite by hydrophilic species and the adsorption of active agents on the surface, such as surfactants and polyelectrolytes.


In baseball games, the coefficient of restitution of baseballs strongly affects the flying distance of batted balls, which determines the home-run probability. In Japan, the range of the coefficient of restitution of official baseballs has changed frequently over the past five years, causing the the number of home runs to vary drastically. We analyzed data from Japanese baseball games played in 2014 to investigate the statistical properties of pitched balls. In addition, we used the analysis results to develop a baseball-batting simulator for determining the home-run probability as a function of the coefficient of restitution. Our simulation results are explained by a simple theoretical argument.


This report discusses the legislation in the 113th Congress regarding insurance regulation. Among the insurance regulatory issues addressed by legislation in the 113th Congress are the application of federal orderly liquidation authority to insurers (addressed in H.R. 605); the supervision of some insurers by the Federal Reserve (addressed in H.R. 2140, H.R. 4510, H.R. 5461, S. 2102, and S. 2270); and the licensing of insurance agents and brokers (addressed in S. 534, S. 1926, S. 2244, H.R. 1155/H.R. 1064, and H.R. 4871).


Objective To investigate the clinical significance of clinical nursing pathway in perioperative health education for patients with breast cancer.Methods A total of 100 breast cancer patients were equally divided into experiment group and control group.The control group received traditional health education while the experiment group adopted health education according to requirements of the clinical nursing pathway.The rate of health education awareness,limb function recovery,length of hospital stay and satisfaction to nursing were statistically analyzed.Results The average length of hospital stay was shorter in the experiment group than in the control group.The mastery of postmastectomy knowledge,limb function recovery and satisfaction to nursing were better in the experiment group than the control group.Conclusion The application of clinical nursing pathway in health education for breast cancer patients helps postoperative recovery,and it can improve the quality of nursing.


The headspace GC method is established to determine the residual solvents in amoxicillin,such as acetone,methylene chloride,triethylamine.This method has the advantages of simplicity of sample preparation,high precision and accuracy,and it is suitable to the impurity control in amoxicillin for pharmaceutical companies.


The paper discusses, with reference to the power generating gas turbines on the FRIGG TCP-2 platform, the specific and general requirements for offshore gas turbine, and how those sometimes conflicting requirements are met. Furthermore, interesting details of the particular installation on the FRIGG TCP-2 platform are described. The gas turbines on the FRIGG TCP-2 platform are the first ones to be installed in Norwegian water after the Norwegian regulations for ''Production and auxiliary systems on production installations, etc.'' were officially issued in April 1978. Some of these special regulations and their influence on the gas turbine design are discussed. Paper No. 79-GT-105.


In recent years, there has been a significant amount of interest in Query By Image Content retrieval (QBIC). CBIR is a technique for getting images comparable to the image given as a query from a huge database. In the context of image retrieval, CBIR is more similar to human semantics. In addition to medical imaging, surveillance, weather forecasting, crime prevention, and remote sensing, the CBIR technique is used in a variety of fields. This context refers to content as the visual information in images, like texture, shape, and color. In comparison to text-based image retrieval, image content contains more information for efficient retrieval. In this study, we used Python to implement CBIR algorithms such as SVM and DT and compared their accuracy.


The certified question and the legal impact of the Court of Justice's preliminary ruling on that question are the subject of this Comment. Part I explains the relevant provisions of the Hague Abduction Convention, Brussels II bis, and the implicated European human rights laws, and discusses the case in chief before the Irish High and Supreme Courts. Part II examines the Court of Justice's opinion on the certified question. Finally, Part III analyzes the impact of the opinion on J.McB. and his family, Brussels II bis and its interpretation, and the jurisprudence the Court of Justice regarding the protection of family life. JMCB. v. L.E.: THE INTERSECTION OF EUROPEAN UNION LAW AND PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW IN INTRA-EUROPEAN UNION CHILD ABDUCTION


Stress is possibly the hallmark characteristic of the current conflicts confronting the United States. Extended and repeated deployments require the ability on the part of war-fighters to effectively process stress in ways never before routinely encountered. Stress is well defined as a series of psychological and physiological processes that occur in response to a stressor, or the perception of stress. The physiological response to stress follows an identified path, a robust neuroendocrine response leads to responses in the cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, inflammatory and


For over 60 years, Western militaries have engaged in what could perhaps best be described as 'wars of choice'; that is, wars undertaken to preserve national interest as opposed to national sovereignty. While Clausewitz reminds us that war is the quintessential political act, public tolerance for the human cost of wars waged abroad is generally low. The resulting need to minimise the risk that soldiers face has led to a greater emphasis on technologically-based solutions for the achievement of military aims.


Understanding and measuring edge placement accuracy in pin electronics designs can be a tricky and misleading process. This is especially true when the timing differences being measured are on the order of 25 ps. This paper describes some of the potential error sources in pin electronics designs and briefly explains the causes. It then describes the test methods that were used to evaluate the edge placement accuracy of a new pin electronics design for a family of high-speed digital test systems, and discusses how the techniques were carried forward to provide extremely accurate AC testing in a production environment.<<ETX>>


Hyperkeratosis follicularis et parafollicularis in cutem penetrans (Kyrle's disease) is a rare perforating dermatosis, often associated with diabetes mellitus, and chronic renal and liver diseases. The lesions are mainly localized upon the extension sides of the extremities and are characterized by isolated, sometimes grouped follicular papules with adhering horny plugs. We describe a 50-year-old woman with Kyrle's disease associated with diabetes mellitus.


This paper deals with a method for detecting and isolating sensors faults on a linear time-varying system. This method consists in estimating the (additive) faults magnitude thanks to a least square module co upl d to the Kalman filter estimating the system state. The proposed approach allows to consider multiple and simultaneous faults.


Several studies have been done for the HIV-1 protease specificity problem by
applying machine learning computation techniques recently. In this work, a Linear Support
Vector Machine (LSVM) technique has been applied to predict the cleavability of proteins by
HIV-1 protease. We used Orthonormal Encoding (OE) extraction technique to map
octopeptide sequence inputs. According to simulation outcomes, we have achieved better
result, which has a rate of %91.8, compared to earlier studies to predict the cleavability of
HIV-1 protease.


Endocranial capacity has been studied in fossil remains in order to draw conclusions on the brain capacity of early man. No study has been undertaken to examine the possible relationship between endocranial capacity and the size of the foramen magnum in recent adult human crania. The relationship between foramen magnum size and endocranial capacity is of importance to physical and forensic anthropologists as conclusions are often drawn from fragmentary skeletal remains. Twenty contemporary adult skulls of unknown sex and ethnicity were obtained from anatomical collections and anatomical suppliers. None of the specimens exhibited trauma or congenital defects. Each skull was prepared for volumetric and craniometrical measurements. The endocranial capacity was established by using mustard seeds and calibrated volumetric glassware. The following measurements were taken using digital sliding calipers calibrated to two decimal points, and graph paper strips for measuring circumference: maximum foramen magnum length (LFM), maximum foramen magnum width (WFM) and circumference of the foramen magnum (FMC). Using these measurements the foramen magnum index (FMI) and foramen magnum area (FMA) were calculated. Additionally, spreading calipers were used to record cranial length (CL) and width (CW) in order to determine the cranial index (CI). The data were analysed for correlation using Instat software. Pearson's r-test was used to test the correlation between endocranial capacity and each of the other measurements and indices. No significant correlation was found between endocranial capacity and CI, FMI and WFM, though CI and FMI correlated significantly with each other. A significant correlation was demonstrated between endocranial capacity and LFM, FMA and FMC. The correlation was particularly significant between two parameters, the cranial length and width. The correlation between foramen magnum circumference and endocranial capacity could prove useful in the identification of individuals from fragmentary remains.


Objective To investigate the relationship between Brachial-Ankle Artery pulse wave velocity(baPWV) and carotid atherosclerosis in health examination populations without risk factors of coronary artery heart disease(CHD).Methods Across-sectional study was carried out among 98 patients without history of clinical coronary disease,stroke or peripheral artery disease and without other risk factors of CHD.Brachial-Ankle Artery pulse wave velocity and carotid ultra sound examination were performed.Results Brachial-Ankle Artery pulse wave velocity(baPWV) was higher in patients with carotid atherosclerosis than those without carotid atherosclerosis.baPWV was positively associated with carotid atherosclerosis by using multiple-factor model analysis.Otherwise,baPWV was positively related with low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C),high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),gender and negatively related with body mass index(BMI),high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C) have no obvious relationship with baPWV.Conclusion High baPWV is a strong correlate for carotid atherosclerosis among patients without risk factors of CHD.


We study the problem of optimal seed selection to maximize the fraction of individuals which has received a message in a social network. We have used the Susceptible-Infected (SI) process to model information epidemics. We formulate an optimization problem under a fixed budget constraint on the resource available to recruit individuals in the network to act as seeds, to achieve the above objective. The seeds are decided based on node degrees. This approach will work even when the exact adjacency matrix of the network is unknown and only degrees of the individuals in the network have been estimated. We study effect of the degree distribution of the network on the optimal seed selection strategy and present results for synthetic scale free and Erdös-Rényi networks, and a real scientific collaboration social network. The optimal strategy is compared with two heuristic strategies that (i) selects seeds uniformly among all degrees and (ii) selects highest degree nodes as seeds. Our results show that for a wide range of model parameters, targeting only the highest degree nodes is not optimal for various networks. This work may be of interest to advertisers and campaigners who are interested in spreading a message in a population connected via social networks.


Key Points TLR ligands induce IL-26 secretion from PBMCs in an IL-1β–dependent manner. IL-1β induces rapid IL-26 release by IL-1RI+ Th17 cells without TCR activation. IL-1β–stimulated T cells mediate an antimicrobial activity via IL-26. Th17 cells play a critical role in the adaptive immune response against extracellular bacteria, and the possible mechanisms by which they can protect against infection are of particular interest. In this study, we describe, to our knowledge, a novel IL-1β dependent pathway for secretion of the antimicrobial peptide IL-26 from human Th17 cells that is independent of and more rapid than classical TCR activation. We find that IL-26 is secreted 3 hours after treating PBMCs with Mycobacterium leprae as compared with 48 hours for IFN-γ and IL-17A. IL-1β was required for microbial ligand induction of IL-26 and was sufficient to stimulate IL-26 release from Th17 cells. Only IL-1RI+ Th17 cells responded to IL-1β, inducing an NF-κB–regulated transcriptome. Finally, supernatants from IL-1β–treated memory T cells killed Escherichia coli in an IL-26–dependent manner. These results identify a mechanism by which human IL-1RI+ "antimicrobial Th17 cells" can be rapidly activated by IL-1β as part of the innate immune response to produce IL-26 to kill extracellular bacteria.


Over the years, the field of artificial life has attempted to capture significant properties of life in artificial systems. By measuring quantities within such complex systems, the hope is to capture the reasons for the explosion of complexity in living systems. A major effort has been in discrete dynamical systems such as cellular automata, where very few rules lead to high levels of complexity. In this paper, for every elementary cellular automaton, we count the number of ways a finite region can transform an enclosed finite region. We discuss the relation of this count to existing notions of controllability, physical universality, and constructor theory. Numerically, we find that particular sizes of surrounding regions have preferred sizes of enclosed regions on which they can induce more transformations. We also find three particularly powerful rules (90, 105, 150) from this perspective.


An isolate of Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea from soybean cv. Ridley growing near Forbes in the Lachlan Valley, New South Wales, was classified as race 4 after hypocotyl inoculation on a United States differential set consisting of Harosoy, Harosoy 63, Sanga, Wells II, PI 103091, PI 86972-1 and Altona. This is the first record of race 4 in Australia. The cultivars Nessen, Ridley and Lachlan, all immune to the other races of P. megasperma f.sp. glycinea in Australia (viz. races 1 and 15), were susceptible to the new race. The appearance of race 4 is undoubtedly due to the growing of cultivars with race-specific resistance.


In order to achieve medium-precision,low-cost attitude and heading reference system(AHRS),the approach of using rotating modulation technology based on low-performance micro electronic mechanical system(MEMS) gyro is proposed.The features of gyro's scale factor error and acceleration related error in rotation-modulation situation are studied.The new errors caused by rotation-modulation are also analyzed such as rotating decomposition error,whirlpool error,etc.For different error sources,the compensation methods and the corresponding compensation results are given.Experiment results show that,after error compensation,the rotation-modulation approach can improve the performance of MEMS gyro by about 30times,the system's attitude and heading maintain accuracy will be better than 1°/h by using the 30°/h-drift MEMS gyro.


After a brief overview of the history of the Serbian Orthodox Church, the article documents the dramatic changes in the last two decades that resulted in the unforeseen political, social and spiritual vigour the Serbian Orthodox Church currently enjoys. The images of vitality and growth, however, conceal problems and dilemmas which they bring along. Several of these are singled out, such as the clericalisation and centralisation of decision making, lack of transparency and the worrying neglect of many important spheres of church praxis – for example, education. The article concludes that the bitter division between conservatives and reformers among bishops will continue to haunt the church as it faces theserious challenges that lie ahead in relation to its mission. Furthermore, in theatmosphere of fragile peace in former Yugoslavia, all churches, including the Serbian Orthodox Church, need to dissociate themselves from extreme nationalism in their ranks before any attempts at inter-confessional dialogue and peace building can make sense.


The accurate estimation of species richness in a target region is still a statistical challenge, especially in a highly heterogeneous community. Most richness estimators have been developed based on the assumption that data are randomly sampled with replacement or that data are sampled from an infinite population. However, in reality, most sampling schemes in the field are implemented as sampling without replacement (SWOR). As such, estimators derived based on sampling with replacement may cause overestimation as the sampling fraction increases and not converge to the true richness as the sampling fraction approaches one. Sample‐based incidence data, in which the sampling unit is a plot, and only the presence or absence of a species in each chosen plot is recorded, is one of the most commonly used data types for assessing species diversity in ecological studies. In this manuscript, according to sample‐based incidence data collected through SWOR, a new richness estimator is proposed using a truncated beta‐binomial mixture model. The new estimator was obtained through the moment approach, which avoids using iterative numerical algorithms for parameter estimation and presents a closed‐form estimator as an alternative to the maximum likelihood method. Although the newly proposed method is a parametric‐based richness estimator, similar to nonparametric estimators, only the rare species in the sample (i.e. the frequencies of uniques and duplicates) are required to estimate undetected richness. Based on the hypothetical models, the statistical performances of the proposed estimator are evaluated under varying degrees of heterogeneity and different mean species detection rates. Compared to other widely used nonparametric and parametric estimators, the simulation results indicate that the proposed estimator has a smaller bias and lower root mean square error when the sampling fraction is greater than 10%, particularly in highly heterogeneous communities. In addition, one ForestGEO permanent forest plot dataset is used to evaluate and compare the proposed approach with other estimators discussed in the study. The results demonstrate that the proposed estimator, in comparison to other widely used estimators, produces less biased estimate of true richness, along with more accurate 95% confidence interval.


As cloud services become more ubiquitous, green cloud computing attracts significant attention from both academia and industry. Towards this direction, in this paper we propose an energy-aware heuristic for the scheduling of real-time workflow applications in a cloud environment. Our approach utilizes per-core Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) on the underlying heterogeneous multi-core processors and approximate computations, in order to fill in schedule gaps. Our goal is to provide timeliness and energy efficiency by trading off result precision, while keeping the average result precision of the completed jobs at an acceptable level. The proposed scheduling heuristic is compared to two other baseline policies. The simulation experiments reveal that our approach outperforms the other examined policies, providing promising results. To the best of our knowledge, such a technique that combines per-core DVFS and approximate computations in order to utilize schedule gaps in a virtualized environment with real-time workflow applications has never been discussed in the literature before.


Correction-based template matching has been used extensively in computer vision for object recognition and also for other tasks such as edge detection, stereo, motion and inspection. It has also found wide application in character recognition. A deeper understanding of the performance of this technique for such tasks would help predict when it will succeed or fail. Previous work on this problem has examined correlation-based template matching using signal processing techniques. Our approach is different: we dissect it employing concepts from geometry and physics. This leads to new insights into correlation-based template matching. We study the performance of correlation between images for different lighting conditions, viewpoints and scales of a scene, obtaining new results for scale variation and viewpoint change for binary images. We analyze gray level images for changes in lighting alone and obtain useful and novel formulae. Knowing how correlation behaves with these changes helps to strategically distribute templates for a given recognition task. We then develop a method to compute the probability of confusion for recognition by template matching. We obtain a closed form solution for the probability of confusion in the two template case. We conclude by noting that template matching encounters difficulties in tasks such as object recognition because of its strong dependence on viewing conditions, although it can be useful in some situations when templates are chosen and positioned judiciously.


Gino Severini's first solo exhibition took place in London's Marlborough Gallery in 1913. Its reception ranged from adulation among the cognoscenti to bewildered reactions from the popular press. Though his paintings were shown in the context of Futurist group exhibitions or thematic shows of twentieth-century Italian art, there was never a museum exhibition in Britain devoted solely to his work. "Gino Severini: From Futurism to Classicism," part of the National Touring Exhibitions program of the Hayward Gallery, aims to redress this situation. The exhibition and the lavishly illustrated book that accompanies it bring into focus the essence of Gino Severini's highly distinctive talent, and the contribution he has made to modern art. "Gino Severini" concentrates on the most significant decade of the artist's career: the years from 1910 until 1920. It follows the development of his art from his Futurist works of the early 1910s, with their rejection of the past and their emphasis on dynamism and the modern world, to his adoption of a Synthetic Cubist style during the war years and finally to the timeless and mathematically composed still lifes and figures he painted from 1919 onwards. Reflected in a broad range of contemporary themes from war to dancers, Severini's stance during a decade of political and artistic upheaval--made especially distinctive by the move from his native Italy to Paris--is exceptional. His development is a fascinating parallel to the directions taken by his Paris contemporaries including Picasso, Gris and Metzinger. This fully-illustrated book includes insightful essays by Simonetta Fraquelli, curator, and Christopher Green, History of Art Professor at the Courtauld Institute of Art.


Escherichia phage vB_EcoM-Sa45lw, a new member of the T4-like phages, was isolated from surface water in a produce-growing area. The phage, containing double-stranded DNA with a genome size of 167,353 bp and 282 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), is able to infect generic Escherichia coli and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O45 and O157 strains. ABSTRACT Escherichia phage vB_EcoM-Sa45lw, a new member of the T4-like phages, was isolated from surface water in a produce-growing area. The phage, containing double-stranded DNA with a genome size of 167,353 bp and 282 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), is able to infect generic Escherichia coli and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O45 and O157 strains.


The development of thin film temperature sensors is discussed. The technology for sputtering 2 micron thin film platinum versus platinum 10 percent rhodium thermocouples on alumina forming coatings was improved and extended to applications on actual turbine blades. Good adherence was found to depend upon achieving a proper morphology of the alumina surface. Problems of adapting fabrication procedures to turbine blades were uncovered, and improvements were recommended. Testing at 1250 K at one atmosphere pressure was then extended to a higher Mach No. (0.5) in combustor flow for 60 hours and 71 thermal cycles. The mean time to failure was 47 hours accumulated during 1 hour exposures in the combustor. Calibration drift was about 0.1 percent per hour, attributable to oxidation of the rhodium in the thin films. An increase in film thickness and application of a protective overcoat are recommended to reduce drift in actual engine testing.


Photonuclear technology for producing osteotropic isotopes 153Sm (Т1/2 = 1.9 days, Eβ = 0.8 MeV, Eγ = 103.2 keV), 175Yb (Т1/2 = 4.2 days, Eβ = 0.5 MeV, Eγ = 396.3 keV) and 186Re (T1/2 = 3.8 days, Eβ = 1.1 MeV, Eγ = 137.2 keV) with using nanoparticles (50…80 nm) of oxides of these elements and the Szilard-Chalmers reaction to increase specific activity have been developed at the NSC KIPT electron accelerator. Such medical isotopes
are not produced in Ukraine. The overall electron accelerator isotope yield when bremsstrahlung irradiated these samples with a maximum energy of 40 MeV and a current of 250 µA for 186Re and 13.5 MeV and a current of 500 µA for 153Sm and 175Yb has been shown to have the advantages of higher specific activity, negligible the content of impurities and does not require immobilization of radioactive waste in comparison with a reactor and a cyclotron.


This research is about manufacturing brake pads from a polymeric composite material composed of domestic materials, which are cheaper and available in the market. An unsaturated polyester is used as the basic material. Styrene–butadiene rubber and montmorillonite clay materials available in the market are used as the fillers. The Kevlar fibers, the nylon, and the steel fibers are used as reinforcing materials to improve the mechanical properties. The Shore hardness, compressibility, thermal conductivity, impact, and wear resistance tests have been implemented. The results show that the hardness, compressive, and impact resistance of the samples increase with the increase of the reinforcement ratio by Kevlar fibers, nylon fibers, and steel fibers. The rate of wear decreases with the increase of reinforcement ratio. The thermal conductivity decreases with an increase in the reinforcement ratio by Kevlar fibers and nylon fibers while the thermal conductivity increases with an increase in the reinforcement ratio by Kevlar fibers and steel fibers. Compared to the commercial brake pads, high strength, high wear resistance, high impact resistance, high hardness, high compressive strength, low thermal conductivity, and low-cost brake pads have been proposed.


5545 Background: EGFR is highly expressed in SCCHN, representing a promising therapeutic target. Erlotinib (E) is an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor that may potentiate the efficacy of concurrent radiation (RT) and docetaxel (D). We sought to establish the MTD, toxicities and preliminary efficacy of the combination of RT, D and E in patients (pts) with SCCHN.

METHODS
Patients with previously untreated stage III-IVB SCCHN were enrolled in a phase I dose-escalating study with standard once-daily RT (70.2 Gy, 1.8 Gy/day), weekly D for the duration of RT and daily E for two weeks prior, during and up to two years following RT. 4 dose levels (DL) were evaluated [D (mg/m2)/E (mg): 15/50, 15/100, 20/100, 20/150]. A 3+3 escalation design was followed. Pharmacokinetic studies (PK) were performed.

RESULTS
A total of 23 patients were enrolled (6 pts at each DL 1-3, 5 pts at DL4). Primary site: oral cavity (n = 1), pharynx (n = 15) and larynx (n = 7). 20 patients (87%) had stage IV disease. Three dose-limiting toxicities were observed, 1 at each DL (1-3), including a death within 30 days from last treatment (DL1), grade 3 mucositis resulting in holding RT (>5 days) (DL2) and grade 4 mucositis (DL3). No DLT to date on DL4 with 3/5 pts evaluable. In patients enrolled at DL 1-3 (n = 18), post concurrent chemoRT, best response was CR (n = 15), not evaluable (n = 2), death on study (n = 1). 3/3 pts who underwent planned neck dissection had a pathologic CR. 9 patients are currently receiving adjuvant E and 1 has completed the 2-year course. 3 patients have relapsed. Interpatient variability of E peak plasma concentrations measured after the first dose was observed at all dose levels: 458 ± 173 ng/mL (DL1), 686 ± 364 (DL2), 1017 ± 241 (DL3), 833 ± 222 (DL4) (mean ± s.d., n = 6, 6, 6, 2 at DL1-4 respectively). Adjuvant erlotinib plasma concentration data will be presented separately. No significant PK interaction of erlotinib with docetaxel was noted.

CONCLUSIONS
The combination of daily erlotinib with weekly docetaxel and RT for pts with stage III-IVB SCCHN is feasible and active. A phase II trial is planned. Supported in part by NIH grants nos. CA62502 and M01 RR-000080. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


title SUMMARY /title Anton Dohrn's dissertation on Kant's reflections about evolutionary thought is published here for the first time. It gives an interesting insight on the role of Kantian philosophy in discussions about science (in particular the Darwinian theory) during the second half of the nineteenth century.


A substantial reduction in skin resistance (SR) is produced by a rise in induced voltage. This indicates that with a constant-current circuit, variations in voltage can have a significant effect on the SR level. Therefore, SR levels obtained with a constant-current and constant-voltage circuits were compared for a group of Ss. The higher the SR level, the greater the discrepancy between the constant-current and constant-voltage measurements. The use of a constant-voltage circuit when measuring high SR levels is recommended.


Rainwater used for drinking purposes was tested in a water purification system. Most parameters were within the standard water quality. Microorganisms were detected when the rainwater was not treated with ultraviolet (UV-C) light. However, analysis of rainwater after UV-C sterilisation showed no trace of microorganisms. The suspended matters in the rainwater were removed by the sand layer. Organic compounds and heavy metals were adsorbed by bamboo activated carbon and chitosan bead. The rainwater using water purification system appear to provide drinking water of relatively good quality compared with surface water and groundwater.


We estimated densities of parrot and hornbill species in primary and selectively logged forest and forest gardens at two lowland sites on New Britain, PNG. We related differences in abundance to food and nest-site availability in the different habitats and determined whether nest-site availability might limit local breeding populations. Blue-eyed Cockatoo Cacatua ophthalmica and Blyth's Hornbill Rhyticeros plicatus were usually rarer in forest gardens than in primary forest, but both fared well in logged forest. Eclectus Parrot Eclectus roratus was more common in all human-altered forests than in primary forest, and Eastern Black-capped Lory Lorius hypoinochrous was reasonably common throughout but extremely abundant in forest gardens at one site. Parrots and hornbills were recorded eating fruits of 15 tree species and flowers of nine species. Densities of these fruiting and flowering trees were highest in logged forest and forest gardens, respectively, indicating the importance of these anthropogenic habitats as feeding grounds for the assemblage. Active nest cavities were found in large individuals of 12 tree species. Densities of potential nest cavities were highest in primary forest and lowest in forest gardens. At both sites, estimates of potential nest-site density were significantly lower than estimates of the density of pairs of all species of parrots and hornbills: there may be 10‐ 20 parrot/hornbill individuals per nest-hole. Continuing forest alteration, whilst further reducing nest-site availability, may allow large populations of parrots and hornbills to persist due to increased availability of food in some anthropogenic habitats. However, current abundance of such bird species may be a poor correlate of future extinction risk as long-lived taxa may remain common for some period even when annual recruitment has declined to critically low levels.


Surveillance programs for managing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have yielded thousands of genomes suited for data-driven mechanism discovery. We present a workflow integrating pangenomics, gene annotation, and machine learning to identify AMR genes at scale. Applied to 12 species, 27,155 genomes, and 69 drugs, we 1) found AMR gene transfer mostly confined within related species, with 925 genes in multiple species but just eight in multiple phylogenetic classes, 2) demonstrated that discovery-oriented support vector machines outperform contemporary methods at recovering known AMR genes, recovering 263 genes compared to 145 by Pyseer, and 3) identified 142 novel AMR gene candidates. Validation of two candidates in E. coli BW25113 revealed cases of conditional resistance: ΔcycA conferred ciprofloxacin resistance in minimal media with D-serine, and frdD V111D conferred ampicillin resistance in the presence of ampC by modifying the overlapping promoter. We expect this approach to be adaptable to other species and phenotypes.


Regarding the development of high education, and considering the status of periodical service in university library, this paper analyses the problems in periodical management in university library, and proposes some suggestions to improve the quality of periodical service.


The regioselective silylation of the α-C(sp3)–H bond in the 2-alkyl group in 2-alkyl-1,3-azole derivatives with hydrosilanes, catalyzed by the combination of (POCOPtBu)IrHCl and NaBArF4, leading to the production of 2-(1-silylalkyl)-1,3-azoles is described. The presence of 3,5-dimethylpyridine is required for the reaction to procced. Although the reaction takes place both in the presence and absence of a hydrogen acceptor, the addition of an acceptor gave better results, in terms of the efficiency of the reaction.


Fe_3O_4 nanocrystals with octahedral structures were fabricated via a facile solvothermal route in glycol.The morphology,microstructure and magnetic properties of as-synthesized Fe_3O_4 nanostructures were analyzed using a field-emission scanning electron microscope,a transmission electron microscope,an X-ray powder diffractometer,and a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer.The effect of some experimental conditions on the formation of Fe_3O_4 nanocrystals was also discussed.The results showed that the octahedral nanocrystals have a monodispersed size distribution,and their edge lengths were about 120 nm;the nanocrystals revealed a weak ferromagnetism behavior at room-temperature.


The mixed crop–livestock systems of India are underpinned by the crop residues which contribute on an average 40–60% of the total dry matter intake per livestock unit. There is however considerable regional variation in the dominant type of crop residue: rice and wheat straws in irrigated regions compared to coarse cereal straws and hay from leguminous crops in the drier, semi-arid regions. This paper synthesizes a series of recent studies on the role and importance of crop residues and farmers' perceptions of fodder quantity and quality in coarse cereal and groundnut based feeding systems. Crop improvement programs for sorghum, pearl millet and groundnut have traditionally focused on grain/pod yield improvement, pest and water stress tolerance. Livestock rearing plays a significant role in the economy of the Indian people. Crop residues and pastures/grasslands are the major feed resource for this activity. Forages can be a simple answer to soil erosion and decline in organic matter and fertility, a problem caused by modern cultivation and fallowing practices on much of the farmland the world over. Keeping in view the constraints in fodder production and in order to overcome the gap between demand and supply, the emphasis need to be given on several steps for augmenting the fodder production. Existing resource utilization pattern needs to be studied in totality according to a system approach. Fodder production is a component of the farming system and efforts need to be made for increasing the forage production in a farming system approach. The holistic approach of integrated resource management will be based on maintaining the fragile balance between productivity functions and conservation practices for ecological sustainability. Forage production must be taken up as a first management goal and 25% of the forest area should be put under trees with regulated accessibility to the farmers. It is suggested to grow forage grasses and fodder trees along village roads and panchayat lands, and on terrace risers/bunds - a non competitive land use system. Conservation of native biodiversity for future improvement along with breeding biotic, abiotic, stress tolerant cultivars of forage species suitable for area not used under arable agriculture can be possible answer to chronic fodder shortages. Use of participatory techniques to identify the problems and to carry out the improvement programme along with In-depth studies on migratory graziers, forage based agroforestry systems and controlled grazing to maintain the productivity of pasture (grazing should be allowed as per carrying capacity) are some other solutions to this problem.


Short-period exoplanets undergo strong tidal interactions that affect their orbital and spin evolution and their internal structure via tidal heating. Tidal models are, however, limited by uncertainties on key processes such as the dissipation rate. We show here that infrared photometric monitoring of eccentric rocky exoplanets can be used to determine the rotation period and constrain the tidal dissipation within the planet. The comparison of tidal models with measured rotation and dissipation rates of exoplanets would allow us to constrain unknown parameters and discriminate between models.


To date, the highest certified efficiency has reached 25.7% for laboratory‐scale perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Breakthroughs in the commercialization of PSCs is achieved continuously. Therefore, the recovery of decommissioned devices that are closely related to the commercialization is extremely urgent. More importantly, lead (Pb) and other materials in PSCs are ecotoxic and biotoxic. Due to improper disposal of the decommissioned devices, serious heavy metal Pb and solid waste pollution incidents may occur. In fact, PSCs contain a great deal of recyclable and valuable materials. To achieve the goal of sustainable PSCs, recycling and reusing these useful materials are advocated. In this review, the authors retrospect structures and key materials of PSCs briefly. Benefits of recycling useful materials from the decommissioned PSCs are analyzed in terms of environmental and economic profits, including reducing the material costs, saving energy, reducing negative environmental impacts and conserving natural resources. Research progresses on recycling and reusing the useful materials are summarized and discussed from the perspectives of feasible pathways, recovery solvents, recovery effects and performance analysis of the corresponding devices. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities to prevent Pb leakage and recycle PSCs in an environmentally viable manner are proposed toward sustainable development.


Food policies are rarely assessed for their effect on human nutrition. Yet, such assessment, if properly done, would facilitate the incorporation of nutrition goals into the choice and design of these policies with the likely result of improving nutritional impact. The degree to which expected nutritional effects should influence the choice and design of policies with multiple objectives would ideally be determined on the basis of: the importance of the nutritional problem relative to other problems towards which a given policy is aimed and the cost of achieving a certain nutritional improvement through the particular policy relative to the cost of achieving such improvement by means of the least-cost alternative policy or programmes. Clearly, certain nutrition problems are most efficiently dealt with through direct nutrition intervention and/or health programmes, while others should be approached through broader food policies. However, in order to select the most appropriate approach it is important to understand not only how the various programmes and policies affect nutritional status, but also how the impact is transmitted. Many, although by no means all, past evaluations of nutrition programmes have attempted to assess the impact on selected indicators of nutritional status while partially or totally ignoring the intermediate steps or relationships that brought about the impact as well as other factors that might have exercised impact simultaneously with the programme being evaluated. If the sole purpose of a given study is to evaluate, ex post facto, the impact of a particular programme on the nutritional status of a particular group of people during a particular time period and within certain environmental influences, such an approach may suffice. A caricature of an evaluation of this nature is shown in figure 1. No attempts are made to analyse the mechanism by which the impact is transmitted, i.e., it is unknown what happened inside the "black box." The study merely compares a situation where the programme is present to a situation where it is absent, either over time for the same population group or at a given point in time across population groups. But if analyses of past and current programmes are to be truly useful for the choice and design of new programmes and policies and modifications or termination of current ones, it is necessary to know not only by how much but also how nutritional 'statue is influenced by the various programmes. We must understand why some programmes and policies are more or less effective than others. This requires understanding of the mechanisms by which nutritional status is affected and how this mechanism and its key components link immediate programme effects to nutritional impact. The process components must be identified and their interaction understood. The job of evaluating a given programme then becomes one of tracing programme impact through the relevant processes while estimating the impact on each of the relevant components.


Asphaltenes, the most aromatic of the heaviest components of crude oil, are critical to all aspects of petroleum use, including production, transportation, refining, upgrading, and heavy-end use in paving and coating materials. As such, efficiency in these diverse disciplines mandates proper chemical accounting of structure−function relations of crude oils and asphaltenes, the vision of petroleomics (Asphaltenes, Heavy Oils and Petroleomics; Mullins, O. C., Sheu, E. Y., Hammami, A., Marshall, A. G., Eds.; Springer: New York, 2007). Indeed, the molecular characterization of asphaltenes is required as well as the detailed understanding of the hierarchical colloidal structures of asphaltenes and petroleum. With great prescience, Professor Teh Fu Yen and co-workers proposed a hierarchical model of asphaltenes to account for many of their characteristics known at that time (Dickie, J. P.; Yen, T. F. Macrostrucutres of asphaltic fractions by various instrumental methods. Anal. Chem. 1967, 39, 1847−1852). This m...


MRL Small Size Soccer Team is planning to participate in 2009 world games. The team has attended 2008 games and several modifications are made to improve its efficiency in the competitive environment. Our team's activities including mechanics, electronics, software, vision and artificial intelligence are described in this paper. Innovative approaches in designing and manufacturing 4-wheeled robots especially locomotion plan and a newly developed two kicker mechanisms are described in mechanics. Basic amendments in electronics, mechanics and software architecture are devised to reinforce the robots abilities. The sliding mode controller is utilized for motion control. Pattern recognition methods in Bayer space was our attitude for image processing. An overall description of the team structure is presented here.


Abstract One pressing issue that students in the new millennium must know more about is the uneasy bilateral relationship between the United States and Japan. In this study, I examined how 33 teachers from 21 schools, who participated in the Japan Today Program, taught about Japan, continued teaching about Japan after a one-year commitment, chose a specific pedagogy, and shared their knowledge and experiences with peers. In order to examine emerging themes, I used the constant comparative methodology to examine a large qualitative database collected over two years. The findings provided salient insights into how teachers conceptualized teaching about Japan and contextual factors shaping their instructional decisions. Despite increasing demands placed on teachers in the curriculum reform and standards movements, these teachers shared significant similarities, differences, and unique ways of teaching about Japan. Schools that developed exemplary Japan programs became prototypes in the district. These programs were characterized by extensive collaboration among faculty, administrators, and Japan participants, thus demonstrating that effective school programs are inextricably linked to school reform.


Abstract Piaget has suggested that three-term series problems cannot be solved until the formal operational stage, when the child can deal with the task in hypothetical terms, using serial ordering operations in conjunction with implication. Research carried out with 12-year-old subjects demonstrated that ability to solve three-term series problems was not associated with ability to solve a formal operational task (oscillation of a pendulum). A second experiment with 7-year-old subjects showed that success in solving verbal three-term series problems was related to ability to seriate objects which are physically present. It was concluded that the verbal task involves serial ordering operations rather than formal operational structures.


Are public and private employees different? And is this difference due to the fact that different people are attracted to work for government rather than companies? It has been proposed that individuals with certain characteristics, such as having high levels of risk aversion or public service motivation (PSM), are more likely to self‐select into public service. This study argues that this sector attraction effect depends on the amount of job‐related information available to job seekers at different stages of the job search process. We test the hypotheses using a three‐stage conjoint experimental design. The employment sector only matters to job seekers when little direct information is provided. Once more job‐related information is available to them, it diminishes. This effect is especially strong for people with high levels of PSM. These findings suggest that the sector attraction effect is situational, which has important implications for theory and practice of public sector attraction.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The objective of this work was to establish the effects of the microalgae Thalassiosira weissflogii in different densities added to experimental L. vannamei larval rearing, as well as assess its use in commercial-scale production. To evaluate the algal densities, were tested three treatments (0.5, 1 and 2 x 104 cells/mL) in experimental conditions. In the commercial-scale larval rearing was compared the use of T. weissflogii with Chaetoceros muelleri as regard to shrimp metamorphosis, final survival and final weight. The results showed that larvae fed with 2 x 104 cells/mL presented low survival and the culture water became highly concentrated with nutrients and total bacteria counts when compared to treatments 0.5, 1 x 104 cells/mL (p 0.05) for analyzed parameters. No significant differences were observed in the parameters tested between microalgae species in the commercial-scale larval rearing (p > 0.05). Results demonstrate that T. weissflogii at a density of 2 x 104 cells/mL can be detrimental to shrimp larval rearing due to decay in water quality caused by the introduction of high microalga inoculum, which generates accumulation of nutrients and increase of total bacteria. The use of T. weissflogii showed good results and can be adopted in commercial-scale of the L. vannamei larval rearing.


The ultimate objective of any learning platform is student engagement with the material, instructor, and classmates. Little is currently known about students' concerns regarding privacy, confidentiality, and information safety and the potential impact these may have on engagement within an online learning environment. Existing literature and practice must be supplemented with awareness of the importance of student perceptions concerning privacy and confidentiality if online learning engagement is to be maximized. Our exploratory research shows that students do experience concerns, that these concerns can be impacted by the professional school status of the students in question, and that students take steps to create safety accordingly. As a result, student engagement within an online learning environment is different than its physical counterpart. Our findings and subsequent recommendations suggest more can be done to maximize the notion of learning safety and student online learning engagement.


The online shopping in India is undergoing rapid changes due to heightened competition and the initiation of modern technology. Today, customers have become more aware than what they were in past and as a result, are continuously looking for better quality services from online sellers. The present study helps in identification of the factors that are responsible for positive as well as negative attitude of the customers towards online retailers. Moreover, the study also enables the assessment of the influencing power of these factors. This, in turn would help in the enhancement of the relationship between the online retailers and their customers, and thus aid the decision makers of these shopping sites to identify the major factors that influence the attitude of their customers.


Although it was improved by lots of experimental researches that exercises could influence the bone metabolism,its mechanism was not yet clear.The OPG/RANKL/RANK system is the signal pathway that osteoblast and osteoelat interact,which is one of the most important mechanisms of regulating bone metabolism.This article discusses it is what cause the regulation of bone metabolism that the exercise influences them through OPG/RANKL/RANK system.


Most of the software tools created so far to aid in the construction of distributed applications addressed how to replicate data consistently in the presence of failures, but without offering much relief for the problem of building a dependable and longrunning application. This paper describes our experience building Treplica, a replication toolkit offering application developers a very simple programming model based on an object-oriented specification for replication of durable applications. Treplica simplifies the development of high-available applications by making transparent the complexities of dealing with replication of data that must survive process crashes and recoveries. These complexities are not negligible, and we believe we have found a compelling way to address this problem under a simple to understand object-oriented interface. We have used Treplica successfully to add fault tolerance to a implementation of the TPC-W benchmark and we have obtained very good performance, even in the presence of failures.


Abstract : Policymakers have addressed the threat of biological weapons and biosecurity issues for many years. An issue garnering increased attention is the potential for life sciences research intended to enhance scientific understanding and public health to generate results that could be misused to advance biological weapon effectiveness. Such research has been called dual-use research because of its applicability to both biological countermeasures and biological weapons.


Aalborg University (AAU) has been one of the front-runners showing the way forward for the establishment of a problem based and project organised environment and in 2010, a new PBL model and a rather comprehensive curriculum restructuring took place at the Faculty of Engineering and Science at AAU. Therefore this paper focuses on what this implementation process can tell us about the drivers, challenges and prospects of reconstructing PBL curricula? We address this question by reporting on the experiences from the middle management level based on interview with three school leaders and 11 study board directors. Based on the results, we stress that although innovations obviously have to happen at a certain pace in order to reflect the state of art in society, the pace have to be adjusted to make room for i) pedagogical support and training, ii) a strong coordination to assure an aligned curricula iii) appropriation of the model to local contexts iv) a strong awareness of the difference in the pedagogical methods and the interplay between them. In relation to the last point, different PBL models with different combinations of project, course and case modules are described and discussed.


Coffman et al. [Phys. Rev. A 61, 052306 (2000)] introduced the residual entanglement for three qubits. In this paper, we present the entanglement measure τ(ψ) for even n qubits; for odd n qubits, we propose the residual entanglement τ(i)(ψ) with respect to qubit i and the odd n-tangle R(ψ) by averaging the residual entanglement with respect to each qubit. In this paper, we show that these measures are LU-invariant, entanglement monotones, invariant under permutations of the qubits, and multiplicative in some cases.


Proceedings of the Transportation Land Use, Planning, and Air Quality Conference, held in Denver, Colorado, July 28-29, 2009. Sponsored by the Transportation and Development Institute of ASCE; Federal Highway Administration; Transportation Air Quality Committee of Transportation Research Board; Center for Transportation Research and Education at Iowa State University; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. This collection contains 14 selected, peer-reviewed papers that examine the challenges of balancing increases in travel demand with growing air-quality concerns by emphasizing the latest research coordinating the advancements and environmental impacts of transportation. The main focus of the conference was the "moving cooler" study, implemented by various federal agencies, state and local governments, and interest groups with the goal of evaluating a broad range of climate change strategies. Topics include: environmental impacts of freight; effect of fuel prices; integrating land use into transit systems planning; climate change, emissions, and air-quality models; land-use models; and advancements in computing technology and modeling.


This paper presents a localization method of multiple living-bodies suitable for multi-path environments. The time-variant Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channel is measured and the bistatic MIMO radar estimates multiple target locations from Fourier-transformed channel information. Measurements are carried out in an indoor environment, and it is shown the proposed method can estimate multiple target locations with fairly good accuracy.


We describe a case of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis with a close temporal relationship between smoking cessation and radiological improvement. High-resolution computed tomography revealed multiple small nodules located in the upper and middle lobes of both lungs. Microscopy of these lesions showed histiocytic infiltration that reacted strongly to staining for S100 protein. The histiocytes resembling Langerhans cells showed strong reactivity for S100 protein. Smoking cessation was recommended and the patient complied. Chest X-ray and computed tomography performed 6 and 24 months later revealed almost complete resolution of the radiographic abnormalities. Despite the possibility that this evolution was attributable to spontaneous remission, in this case, the lesions did, in fact, disappear rapidly after smoking cessation.


Background and Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is predicted to be the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2020. Its diagnosis remains a challenge in developing countries such as DRC, with the use of Gold standard, spirometry, limited. Chest imaging plays an important role in orientation. The absence of local radiological data from COPD had therefore motivated this study.
The objective of this study was to define the radio-CTmetric aspects of COPD in our environment and determine their association with the clinical phenotype.
Materials and Methods: Retrospective and analytical study of clinical and thoracic imaging data (radiography and CT scan), collected from the records of 120 COPD subjects followed in three Kinshasa medical trainings between January 2014 and June 2017.Fisher's test compared the results obtained. The combination of imaging data and clinical phenotype through Pearson chi-square testing, logistic regression and odds-ratio (OR). The service threshold was set at 0.05.
Results: the study population (average age of 64.52±6.82 years) was predominantly male (78.3% n=94). The main risk factors were tobacco (32.5% n=39) and domestic pollution (30.8% n=37). The consultation took place at Stage II (42.5% n=51) and Stage III of GOLD (36.7% n=44). The TDM phenotype reached mixed was (50% n=4) at stage III and (83.3% n=10) at stage IV with a 0.001. The dominant emphysematic TDM phenotype was (25% n=2) at stage III and (66.7% n=8) at stage IV with a p= 0.029.
Conclusion: This study showed that diagnosis was often delayed. Stage III and IV of COPD were associated with the predominant emphysematic and mixed-achieving TDM phenotype, while stage I and II were associated with the predominant TDM type phenotype with airway.


Purpose: The present study was conducted both in-vivo and in-vitro. The aim was to evaluate the trueness and precision of three-dimensional datasets acquired from digital impressions by chair-side intraoral scanning, or extraoral scanning of the impressions and gypsum casts of completely edentulous patient with multiple implants (All-on-4 protocol). Materials and Methods: Test groups of the in-vivo study:Group (I): (IOS n=5) Direct digital scans using intraoral digital impression technique, Group (II) :(IMPR IL n=5) Digital scans of the conventional implant level impressions using extraoral scanner, Group (III):(CAST IL n=5) Digital scans of the stone casts - obtained from the conventional implant level impressions, Group (IV):(IMPR AL n=5) Digital scans of the conventional abutment level impressions using extraoral scanner and Group(V): (CAST AL n=5) Digital scans of the stone casts- obtained from the conventional abutment level impressions. Test groups of the in-vitro study: Control group: reference scan of the resin master models, Group (I): (IOS n=5) Direct digital scans of the master model using intraoral scanner, Group (II): (IMPR IL n=5) Digital scans of the conventional implant level impressions using extraoral scanner, Group(III):(CAST IL n=5) Digital scans of the stone casts - obtained from the conventional implant level impressions, Group (IV):(IMPR AL n=5) Digital scans of the conventional abutment level impressions, using extraoral scanner and Group (V): (CAST AL n=5) Digital scans of the stone casts- obtained from the conventional abutment level impressions. All STL datasets (IOS 1–5, IMPR 1–10 and CAST 1–10) for both in-vivo and invitro studies were imported into industrial reverse engineering software. The distance data were saved as an STL file and imported into a statistical program. The measurements were noted in tables and compared with the same measurements made with other scans. Results: The results of the in-vivo study revealed that the highest agreement (reliability-precision) between distance measurements was found with Group 1 (IOS), while the lowest agreement was found with Group 5 (CAST-AL)[insignificant difference] However; all Cronbach's alpha coefficients showed very good agreement (range between 0.812 - 1.000). As regards angle measurements; Group 2 (IMPR-IL) showed the highest agreement, while Group 5 (CAST-AL) showed the lowest agreement [insignificant difference]. Cronbach's alpha coefficients showed very good agreement (range between 0.912 – 0.988). Regarding the invitro study, the highest agreement (reliability-precision) between distance measurements was found with Group 1(IOS) , while the lowest agreement was found with Group 5 (CAST-AL) [insignificant difference]. However; all Cronbach's alpha coefficients showed very good agreement (range between 0.871 - 1.000). As regards angle measurements; Group 5 (CAST-AL) showed the highest agreement while Group 3 (CAST-IL) showed the lowest agreement [insignificant difference]. Cronbach's alpha coefficients showed very good agreement (range between 0.749 – 0.992). Overall comparison between errors in distance and angle measurements (In-vitro study) revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between overall dimensional changes in distance or angle measurements in all groups. Conclusion: It was concluded that the five digital impression techniques tested were comparable under all conditions, and the misfits were all within the clinically acceptable range


In recent years in Australia, interest in business ethics has increased among managers, management educators and the public who observe the behaviour of organizations. This has been reflected in the literature of management education by an increased attention to the ethical implications of management practice. In parallel, human resources management in Australia has continued to evolve as a field, and to press its claims as a profession. This is reflected by ongoing debate in the literature about the HRM role. Advocates of an expanded role for HRM claim that HRM initiatives and practices have a strategic impact on organizations, and should accordingly be recognized at senior management levels. However, these claims for an expanded role for HRM have not been accompanied by an increased discussion of the ethical implications of the HRM role. The need for such discussion is highlighted by a survey of HR managers in Australia, which found a high level of disagreement among HR managers on a wide range of ethical issues. Even where questions related to perceptions of fact rather than the expression of attitudes, a high level of disagreement was revealed. If this is the case, it should not be taken for granted that there is a ready consensus among HR managers when it comes to translating ethical principles into organizational practice. The importance of this conclusion is indicated by another finding of the study: where organizations have undertaken initiatives on ethics, there is a high degree of involvement by HR staff.


The present invention relates to modulators of muscarinic receptors. The present invention also provides compositions comprising such modulators, and methods for treating diseases mediated by muscarinic receptors using it.


Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant health problem that imposes a large global economic and social burden on individuals, families and healthcare systems. It is the main cause of kidney insufficiency, blindness and non-traumatic amputations. T2DM is also a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of mortality in people with T2DM. As T2DM is a metabolic disease, there is a large body of research around diet and diabetes. Human intervention studies have evaluated dietary components and dietary patterns for managing blood glucose levels in people with T2DM who have lost the ability to manage levels homeostatically. Through this body of work, there is clear evidence that sustained periods of high diet quality have positive effects on glycaemic control. However, surprisingly little is known about the diet quality of people with T2DM who are not participating in intervention studies, which is majority of the population with T2DM. Evaluating the usual dietary intake of certain groups is an important research activity that can help influence public health initiatives, inform dietary education materials and contribute to the development of targeted nutritional interventions. Improved, tailored care may lead to higher diet quality in people with T2DM, consequently reducing diabetes-related complications and healthcare costs.
To enhance understandings of the natural course in adults' diet quality with T2DM, the aims of this PhD were to: (i) synthesise evidence regarding the dietary intake of people diagnosed with T2DM; (ii) investigate how diet quality changes after diagnosis in people newly diagnosed with T2DM and (iii) identify the factors (demographic, physical and psychosocial) associated with changes in diet quality in people newly diagnosed with T2DM. These aims were addressed in three phases of research.
Phase 1: A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate the dietary intake (by food group) in people with T2DM and compare these intakes to national and international dietary guidelines. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. Findings (published in Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2018) indicated that majority of people with T2DM were consuming less than the recommended serves of fruit, vegetables, grains and dairy and were meeting or exceeding the recommended serves for meat/meat alternatives. However, included studies only reported cross-sectional data and did not control for length of time with diabetes among participants. While cross-sectional analyses provide a snapshot of diet quality, there was no quantitative data on how people with T2DM change their diet quality over time, particularly from the point of diagnosis. This meant it was difficult to determine whether diet quality remains fixed once an individual is diagnosed or whether there are periods of marked dietary change. These findings went on to inform Phase 2 of this thesis.
Phase 2: The systematic review findings informed the protocol for an observational, case-series study titled, "How does Diet change with a Diagnosis of Diabetes – The 3D study" (published in Nutrients, 2019). The 3D study was conducted in Australia between 2018-2020 and recruited 225 people newly diagnosed with T2DM (in the 6-months prior to recruitment) and monitored their dietary intake and demographic, health and psychosocial characteristics over 12-months. Diet quality was assessed using the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern scoring tool. The project was led by the candidate as the substantive work towards this thesis.
Phase 3: Phase 3 involved the analysis of short and long-term outcomes from the 3D study (one paper published in Nutrition and Dietetics, 2020 and another under consideration with Public Health Nutrition) as well as a process evaluation (Chapter 8). The objective of the short-term outcome paper was to quantify short-term improvements in diet quality and to identify factors associated with improvements after T2DM diagnosis among participants in the 3D study. Participants were categorised into two groups: those who improved their DASH score by 3 or more points between baseline and 3-months and those who did not. Factors associated with change in DASH scores were clinically and statistically evaluated. Diet quality changes after diagnosis did not appear to be associated with demographic characteristics but were associated with some health factors. It was concluded that strategies targeted at better supporting smokers, those with low physical activity levels and men with a higher body mass index (BMI) are required.
The second outcome paper (currently under consideration with Public Health Nutrition) aimed to examine how the diet quality of individuals newly diagnosed with T2DM changed over the 12-month 3D study period and to identify factors associated with diet quality changes. To assess changes in DASH, energy, fruit and vegetable intake over time, repeated measure analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used. Multivariate repeated measures models were used to investigate whether these dietary changes were associated with demographic, health or physical characteristics. Participants were categorised into diet quality change profiles based on early (3-month) and long-term (12-months) changes to DASH score. Results showed that diet quality improvements after a diagnosis of T2DM are not maintained to 12-months. The development of cost‐effective, real-world interventions to achieve sustained diet quality change early after diagnosis are warranted.
The process evaluation of the 3D study aimed to: (i) evaluate participant perceptions of the processes underpinning the 3D study, (ii) explore participant experiences of the study to give a deeper understanding of its effects, (iii) investigate if involvement in the 3D study may have impacted diet quality and/or physical activity levels over the observation period and (iv) seek reasons for drop out. Results found the design and implementation of the 3D study to be sound. Participants had favourable perceptions towards the processes underpinning the 3D study and positive experiences related to their participation. Participation served as a reminder to some participants to practice healthy diet and exercise behaviours prior to the scheduled interview time, but this did not appear to greatly impact the study results.
The research in this thesis contributed important, novel findings relevant to the dietary intake of an at-risk group, providing a solid foundation for future work in this area that was not previously available. The research findings suggest that the majority of people with T2DM do not make significant sustained improvements to their diet quality in the 12-months after diagnosis. In the short term, (3-months after diagnosis) some health factors were associated with diet quality change including having a lower BMI, being a non-smoker and having higher physical activity levels at baseline. These findings will be able to be used to test novel interventions of state and non-government organisations to help reduce the impact of diabetes, improve patients' quality of life and help decrease health care costs attributed to diabetes-related complications.


The possibility to achieve focusing in a three-layer cylindrical biological tissue model, by using a large number of concentrically placed waveguide applicators and pulsed signals (/spl sim/1 ns pulse width) with a high frequency (9.5 GHz) carrier is examined rigorously. The medium response to time harmonic excitation of the array is predicted, by solving the associated boundary value problem. To this end, the fields inside the tissue layers are expressed as integrals of vector cylindrical waves, satisfying the corresponding wave equations, while the fields inside the waveguides are expanded in terms of the guided and evanescent normal modes. By imposing the appropriate boundary conditions, a system of coupled integral equations is derived on the waveguide apertures, which is solved by expressing the unknown electric fields in terms of the waveguide modes and by applying a Galerkin procedure. Then, the medium response to pulse modulated excitation of the array elements is considered and the time dependence of the electromagnetic fields produced at any point within tissue is obtained in the form of an inverse Fourier integral. Numerical results are computed and presented at several points in a three-layer geometry, 20 cm in diameter, irradiated by a 30-element waveguide array and the use of time coincidence and constructive phase interference principles is examined, in order to achieve focusing at a specific point of interest within tissue.


Summary A study was made of the reaction of the leucocytes to milk fever. The leucocyte reaction is similar to that obtained by an injection of ACTH. These results indicate that the stress of milk fever causes an increased secretion from the adrenal cortex.


Relaxors is the name given to a special class of materials called relaxor ferroelectrics. Xu will describe a series of experiments done by BNL researchers with collaborators from Stony Brook University, Johns Hopkins University, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, to discover why relaxors have such an exceptional electromechanical response. The explanation is dependent on "polar nanoregions" -- tiny, nanometer-scale regions within the relaxors. The team established a link between polar nanoregions and the relaxors' ability to deform in response to an electric field, or to have a pulse of electric current induced by a deforming physical force. This understanding promises to lead to more improvements to relaxor materials for an even greater variety of applications.


SUMMARY

The incidence of admissions to the Princess Margaret Hospital for Children due to ingestion of kerosene in the years 1968/69 and 1973/74 has been ascertained. The chest x-rays of the patients admitted have been reviewed and the radiological changes assessed.

A recent fatal case of kerosene pneumonitis is reported.


Rock-socketed pile is a reinforced concrete field grouting pile,the elastic modulus of the pile body is similar to the elastic modulus of rock foundation.After the pile body's is embedded in rock,they can firmly become a whole structure to bear force together.By analysis of field tests of static load and dynamic measuring,it is concluded that load transfer and failure characteristics of the rock-socketed cast-in-place pile is related to length-diameter ratio, properties of overlying soil layer,lithology of rock-socketed segment and pile formation technology;it belongs to friction pile mostly;its rock-socketed part has higher shaft resistance and base resistance;both the shaft resistance of the rock-socketed pile and its pile-soil friction resistance belong to shaft resistance of piles,but their failure mechanism and distribution law are completely different,pile-soil friction resistance is uniform distribution along depth direction,however,the shaft resistance of the rock-socketed pile is typical nonlinear distribution.