Classifying Wikipedia Entities is of great significance to NLP and machine learning.This paper presents a machine learning based method to classify the Chinese Wikipedia articles.Besides using semi-structured data and non-structured text as basic features,we also extend to use Chinese-oriented features and semantic features in order to improve the classification performance.The experimental results on a manually tagged corpus show that the additional features significantly boost the entity classification performance with the overall F1-measure as high as 96% on the ACE entity type hierarchy and 95% on the extended entity type hierarchy.


In this paper, we discuss the nonlinear performance difference between surface acoustic wave (SAW) and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators, which include intermodulation distortion (IMD) or triple-beat (TB) products, and indicate the importance of reducing even-order nonlinearities of BAW resonators. We were able to validate the accuracy and efficiency of our proposed simulation technique for BAW devices by comparing the results of our simulation with experimental data. We verified that our circuit model is a high-performance tool that can be used to predict BAW device nonlinearities, and we propose how to suppress even-order nonlinearities by employing a thin-film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) duplexer for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) band 1. Finally, we introduce highly linear FBAR duplexers.


Outcomes after severe traumatic brain injury can be represented by a sliding score that compares actual functional recovery to that predicted by illness severity models. This approach has been applied in clinical trials because of its statistical efficiency and interpretability but has not been used to describe change in functional recovery over time. The objective of this study was to use a sliding scoring system to describe magnitude of change in Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) at 6-, 12- and 24-months after severe TBI and to compare patients who improved after 6-months to those who did not. This study included consecutive severe TBI patients (Glasgow Coma Scale8; n=482) from a single center. We grouped patients into four strata based on probability of unfavorable outcome (GOSE=1-4) using the IMPACT model, selected a dichotomous GOSE threshold within each strata, compared each patient's GOSE to this threshold to calculate a score (GOSE-SS) from -5 to +4 at 6, 12, and 24 months. We compared GOSE-SS at 6-months to GOSE-SS at 12- and 24-months and characteristics of participants who improved after 6-months to those who did not using chi-square and t-tests. Compared to 6-months, 40% of patients (n=74) had improved GOSE-SS at 12-months and 53% had improved by 24-months (n=72). Among those who improved at 12-months, the average magnitude of improvement was 1.70.9 magnitude improvement and among those who improved at 24-months, the average magnitude was 1.91.0. Those who improved GOSE-SS score from 6 to 24-months had longer hospital stays (mean-difference=8.6 days; p=0.03), longer ICU stays (mean-difference=5.5 days; p=0.02), and longer ventilator time (mean-difference=5 days; p=0.02) compared to those who worsened. These results support an optimistic long-term outlook for severe TBI patients and emphasize the importance of long-term follow up in severe TBI survivors.


Diffusion Spectrum Imaging enables to reconstruct the ensemble average propagator (EAP) at the expense of having to acquire a large number of measurements. Compressive sensing offers an efficient way to decrease the required number of measurements. The purpose of this work is to perform a thorough experimental comparison of three sampling strategies and six sparsifying transforms to show their impact when applied to accelerate compressive sensing‐diffusion spectrum imaging.


Stratigraphic inversion is a quantitative technique that extracts values of process parameters such as tectonic movement lithosphere strength sea level change sediment supply and basin topography from stratigraphic data A stratigraphic inverse model contains I a forwardmodel that simulates stratigraphy through the operation of a set of input process parameters and algorithms that describe the behavior of the stratigraphic process response system 2 a set of observed data that are comparable in type and form to forward model predictions and 3 a set of equations and algorithms that compare the values of forward model predictions with observations and simultaneously adjust values of all forward model parameters to create a better match between predictions and observations The inverse model iteratively reduces differences between forward model predictions and observations until a best match is achieved The model calculates the degree of accuracy and uncertainty of values of stratigraphic predictions Constructing an inverse model requires the following steps I selecting a stratigraphic forwardmodel 2 designing simple mathematical functions that most accurately describe the real stratigraphic processes that operated in a basin and that make inversion computationally possible 3 measuring data that correspond in type to the output of that forward model and transcribing those datainto the fonn of a numerical vector 4 selecting an appropriate parameter optimization algorithm and 5 building a stratigraphic inverse model that connects components of steps 14 One purpose of stratigraphic inverse modeling is predicting stratigraphic attributes e g facies geometry distribution volume with calculated esti mates of accuracy and uncertainty Once the range of parameter values is calculated by the inverse model a population of forward models may be run that should contain the true stratigraphy The population of forward models is used to predict the geographic and stratigraphic positions and extent of potential reservoir and source and seal rocks We show an example of accurate stratigraphic predictions using inverse modeling of the Mesa Verde Group San Juan basin Colorado and New Mexico United States


The intensity correlations for WPRM can be predicted for forward scatter from solutions of the parabolic 4th moment when the space‐time autocorrelation function, the scattering stength parameter γ, and the scaled range X are known. Thus, the intensity variance and its time/depth correlations can be predicted. However, the intensity pdf has not been predicted for all ranges of γ and X. T. Ewart and D. Percival [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 80, 1745–1753 (1986) I have shown that the generalized gamma distribution function (GGDF) models the probability distribution of intensity in forward scattering over wide ranges in γ and X. In this study the two parameters of the GGDF are obtained as functions of γ and X by fitting the distribution to many realizations of simulated intensity data. Realizations of the intensity were generated by Monte‐Carlo techniques [C. Macaskill and T. Ewart, IMA J. Appl. Math. 33, 1–15 (1984)]. The mapping of the distribution parameters to γ and X provides a convenient way to examine the behav...


Background: Background: Forodesine, a novel inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), causes nucleotide pool imbalances by accumulating intracellular deoxyguanosine, thereby resulting in selective apoptosis of T-cells. Recent evidence indicates that specific types of nuclear acids including guanosine and its derivatives act as natural ligands for toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). So far, it is unclear whether and how forodesine can modulate host innate immunity, including antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), which express TLR7 abundantly. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of forodesine in host APC function as well as donor T-cell activation both in vivo graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) models and in vitro cell assays. Methods: Methods: NOG mice were subjected to 250 cGy total body irradiation followed by intravenous injection of human isolated T-cells. Mice were treated with forodesine (20 mg/kg) or vehicle daily after transplantation. Results: Results: Despite the mice without treatment developing severe GVHD after Summary/Conclusion: This study demonstrates that forodesine amplifies host innate immune response through TLR7 signaling, while ameliorating T-cell GVH reaction. Further studies are needed to investigate whether forodesine can provide host protection against infections in a transplant setting.


Starting from the Boltzmann equation, new boundary conditions are derived to be matched with the Navier—Stokes equations, that are supposed to hold in the main body of a gas. The idea upon which this method is based goes back to Maxwell and Langmuir. Since the distribution function is supposed to be completely determined by the Navier—Stokes equations, this new set of boundary conditions extends in some sense the validity of the macroscopic equations to the transition and free molecular régimes. In fact, it is shown that the free molecular and slip flow régimes are correctly described by this method; the latter is also supposed to give a reasonable approximation for the complete range of Knudsen numbers. The new procedure is applied to different problems such as plane Couette flow, plane and cylindrical Poiseuile flow, heat transfer between parallel plates and concentric cylinders. Results are obtained and compared with the exact numerical solutions for the above-mentioned problems.


Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have become known for both their therapeutic effect and good safety profile. An application was submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration for approval of a reformulated PPI product that failed bioequivalence testing, but was submitted on the basis of the long history of PPI use as a "surrogate" for equivalence. This review evaluates the safety data for PPIs, discuss variability of pharmacokinetic parameters of PPIs in the reformulation setting, and potential implications of those changes for long‐term safety.


Physical knowledge is the foundation of most engineering fields in particular such as product design, analysis, and operation and maintenance. However, due to the complexity of physical concepts, laws, and calculations, students can be easily overwhelmed by the conceptual ideas in the process of learning physics. This paper proposes a new way for helping students grasp the logical relation between the physics knowledge points based on neural networks and knowledge graph technology. Specifically, we use Python scripts to collect the articles about physics knowledge on the Internet as the raw data. After removing the special characters and other irrelevant text, the rest of the data is passed to several neural networks based on BERT and ERNIE for their effective and efficient classification into seven kinds of physics knowledge. The experimental results show that using ERNIE-BERT for embedding and using RCNN for the downstream model achieve the best performance. Knowledge graph is used to build a tree structure of physics knowledge, holding the physics knowledge picked out by the neural networks under corresponding nodes.


The Old Mutual Mathematics Olympiad (OMMO) in Malawi is a national mathematics competition open to all final year secondary school students. In this paper, we analyse the results of the preliminary round of the competition from 2015 to 2020. We developed seven content areas for the OMMO based on core elements of the Malawi secondary school mathematics curriculum. We found that the OMMO is dominated by questions on the core element Number and numeration, particularly topics like number systems, indices and logarithms, linear equations and number patterns. We also analysed the general performance of students in these areas. We found that students performed well in topics like inequalities, trigonometry and mensuration and did very poorly on proportions, sets, coordinate geometry and geometric constructions, among other topics. These findings suggest that mathematics Olympiads can help diagnose areas that are difficult for students and hence enhance the teaching and learning of Mathematics, especially in Malawi and other countries with a similar mathematics curriculum. To take care of under-represented areas, future OMMO examinations need to be structured to adequately cover all the core elements.


Thin films of the smectite clays Na+ exchanged montmorillonite, Ca2+ exchanged montmorillonite, Na2+ and Cu2+ exchanged hectorite, Cu2+ exchanged sintered hectorite, and Cu2+ and Na2+ exchanged hectorite exposed to benzene, aniline, and thiophene were studied using the techniques of scanning force microscopy (SFM), electron spin resonance (ESR), and x‐ray diffraction. The microstructure of the two montmorillonite clays was markedly different, with the Ca‐montmorillonite exhibiting a sturdy, close packed array of crystallites of average dimension 0.4 μm. The Na‐montmorillonite clays consisted of smaller (0.1 μm), more poorly defined crystallites with an overall cauliflowerlike appearance. The pure Na‐hectorite and Cu‐hectorite clays exhibited large flat regions composed on interlocking platelets. Heat sintering as well as exposure to benzene resulted in measurable shifts in the platelets perpendicular to the surface for the Cu‐hectorite. It is proposed that in the sintered case these shifts are due to inte...


Bowstring stel structure is a novel cable-tensioned space structure in which out-of-plane stability is ensured by pre-tensionedbeen developed to predict the collapse behavior of pre-tensioned steel structures. Special emphasis is placed on the modelingof pre-tensioned cable and the nonlinear beam-co...


The rise of China is the primary cause of changing strategic dynamics in Asia. China's growing economic, military and political weight is shaping regional and individual destinies of its neighbours, particularly in Southeast Asia. Despite the academic debate over its future, Chinese influence is burgeoning and this has major implications for other Asian powers such as India, Japan, Russia, and the offshore balancer, the United States. This paper examines Chinese strategic gains in the Southeast Asian region in the areas of trade, regional diplomacy and cross-border connectivity. It also seeks to understand why India, unlike China, has not managed to integrate as closely with Southeast Asia despite using policies similar to that of China.


Meta-analysis is a quantitative research method for synthesizing research results. This paper explores the application of meta-analysis in educational technology research from 2000. A total of 37 articles from 14 SSCI journals were selected and analyzed with the basic information of the articles, including the publication year and type of cooperation. Then, the moderator variables, such as grade level, discipline, instruction approaches and technology use, are coded and conducted descriptive analysis to reveal the application and practice of meta-analysis method in educational technology. The Mean Effect Size of 774 effect sizes is small (d = 0.4843). Most of meta-analyses in educational technology field were conducted by cooperating with domain experts. Furthermore, most meta-analyses focus on comparing the effects on learning achievement of technology use with traditional classroom, but neglected the effect of specific technologies on instruction or learning and how to use them to support learning and instruction.


Introduction ...seeking among the things of life, I found something more beautiful and valuable than all the most precious jewels in the world, I found that which fills all my void, which satisfies all my mind, I found love, I spoke to it and it convinced me, I feel happy for this, but I also feel a bit sad because as I live in an imperfect world, everything that comes in this world is imperfect, and trying to improve things is a waste of time ... perhaps happiness does not exist and I am a bit selfish because I demand a bit more than what I have. 2


Conventional image processing systems have become established in automation in industrial applications in recent years. Machines that can 'see' can do more than systems without image processing, and this knowledge has now become established among developers and designers. While conventional 2D and 3D vision systems check the quality of objects by recognizing certain error features on the surface, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) goes one step further: with the help of this technology, spectroscopic analysis of objects can be carried out in order to determine organic or inorganic impurities ‐‐ not only on the surface, but also partly inside the inspected materials.


Operation of high fluence pulsed laser systems in space imposes various risks to optical components involved. Volatile organic components are omnipresent in vacuum vessels housing space-borne laser systems and can be the source for selective contamination of optics. Laser systems may respond very sensitively to absorption increases of their multiple optical surfaces leading to inacceptable transmission losses and system degradation. In the recent past, thorough and long term laser tests, performed at the optics qualification laboratories at DLR and at ESTEC using space relevant and model substances, have revealed the onset, the built-up, and the later stages of the deposition process. It was found that these deposits tend to accumulate preferably on the laser footprint area of the optic. Observed thicknesses are on the order of several tens of nanometers, which can be sufficient to induce noticeable absorption. Sensitive techniques for insitu and ex-situ monitoring of these molecular contaminative effects under vacuum conditions were developed and are applied successfully. They are summarized in this paper, along with the phenomena, which are significant for the appearance of deposits. In addition, adverse conditions, which are favorable for provoking deposits, are communicated. Finally, mitigative and preventive methods are discussed.


Based on Pade approximation theory,a kind of Pade rational neural network is constructed.The neural network model adopts a four-layer structure,its first and third layers employing linear activation functions,while the second and fourth layers are activated by a group of power functions and rational function respectively.Based on BP and gradient-descent method,we firstly derive the weights-updating formula of the Pade neural network.More importantly,for resolving the inherent weakness of BP algorithms such as slow convergence and local minima,a pseudoinverse-based method is further proposed which could determine the neural weights directly without lengthy iterative BP training.Simulation results show that the weights-direct-determination method could be much more efficient and accurate than conventional BP iterative-training algorithms.


BACKGROUND: Otosclerosis classically manifests as a progressive sensorineural and conductive hearing loss that commonly affects both ears. It may be associated with vestibular symptoms but rarely with vertigo. Up to 90% of the affected patients report tinnitus during the course of the disease but it is not known in which proportion of cases it is disabling or even consists in the main reason for consultation; nor to what extent a stapedectomy modifies its evolution. OBJECTIVE: To correlate the state of presurgical chronic tinnitus in patients susceptible to be submitted to estapedectomy with the postsurgical state of the symptom to assess the role of the possible factors related to this surgery to the relieve of the postsurgical audiometric result. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective, descriptive and crosssectional study was done including 198 candidates for primary stapes surgery and we selected those with disabling tinnitus according to their scores obtained in the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire applied before and after surgery. Factors such as intensity of tinnitus, sex, age, pre and postoperative audiometric status, surgical technique, type of prosthesis used, among others, were analyzed. RESULTS: Out of 198 patients, 99 had presurgical tinnitus, with a mean age of 43.3 years. Disabling tinnitus had a directly proportional correlation with age and time of evolution of this symptom; it was more frequent in older than 40 years. CONCLUSIONS: Primary stapedectomy has a positive impact on the reduction of disability caused by tinnitus in patients with otosclerosis.


The paper presents an approach to estimate pa- rameters of a local stationary AR(1) time series model by maximization of a local likelihood function. The method is based on a propagation-separation procedure that leads to data dependent weights defining the local model. Using free propagation of weights under homogeneity, the method is ca- pable of separating the time series into intervals of approx- imate local stationarity. Parameters in different regions will be significantly different. Therefore the method also serves as a test for a stationary AR(1) model. The performance of the method is illustrated by applications to both synthetic data and real time-series of reconstructed NAO and ENSO indices and GRIP stable isotopes.


Recent work [1], [2] has shown promising results in enabling robotic manipulation of deformable objects through learning from demonstrations. Their method computes a registration from training scene to test scene, and then applies an extrapolation of this registration to the training scene gripper motion to obtain the gripper motion for the test scene. The warping cost of scene-to-scene registrations is used to determine the nearest neighbor from a set of training demonstrations. Then once the gripper motion has been generalized to the test situation, they apply trajectory optimization [3] to plan for the robot motions that will track the predicted gripper motions. In many situations, however, the predicted gripper motions cannot be followed perfectly due to, for example, joint limits or obstacles. In this case the past work finds a path that minimizes deviation from the predicted gripper trajectory as measured by its Euclidean distance for position and angular distance for orientation. Measuring the error this way during the motion planning phase, however, ignores the underlying structure of the problem-namely the idea that rigid registrations are preferred to generalize from training scene to test scene. Deviating from the gripper trajectory predicted by the extrapolated registration effectively changes the warp induced by the registration in the part of the space where the gripper trajectories are. The main contribution of this paper is an algorithm that considers this effective final warp as the criterion to optimize for in a unified optimization that simultaneously considers the scene-to-scene warping and the robot trajectory (which were separated into two sequential steps by the past work). This results in an approach that adjusts to infeasibility in a way that adapts directly to the geometry of the scene and minimizes the introduction of additional warping cost. In addition, this paper proposes to learn the motion of the gripper pads, whereas past work considered the motion of a coordinate frame attached to the gripper as a whole. This enables learning more precise grasping motions. Our experiments, which consider the task of knot tying, show that both unified optimization and explicit consideration of gripper pad motion result in improved performance.


Abstract In recent years there has been increasing interest in individuals with gradual deterioration of language skills in the absence of generalized cognitive impairments or identifiable vascular, neoplastic, metabolic, or infectious aetiology. In this paper, we review the available data on primary progressive aphasia and summarize the demographic, behavioural, and neurological characteristics of those who have been presumed to have the disorder. We also discuss some of our own clinical observations and several issues related to increasing our understanding of the disorder and its differential diagnosis, description, and management.


Many papers and articles have been published on the subject of electrically protecting buried pipe lines against corrosion. This paper will attempt to summarize the development of cathodic protection from the beginning. It is well to state here that this paper will deal only with corrosion of buried or submerged metals. Corrosion of metals in the air or in fumes is treated in a different manner.


Results are presented of an investigation into the performance of an optical subcarrier multiplexed (OSCM) system using a novel simulation approach. The OSCM system analyzed is based upon two systems which have been demonstrated experimentally previously. Intersymbol interference and crosstalk degradation effects for both the baseband and subcarrier signals are calculated.


The parameter values for a Navy's IRST (infrared search and track) sensor are determined by (1) the operational requirements, (2) the available best technology, and (3) past experience with IRST system design. The selection process for the parameter values is illustrated by use of a set of operational requirements representative of the North Sea. Initial values of the optics parameters are determined by use of a design diagram. The approximate sensor parameter values are input to the TEDIS design computer algorithm for optimization. The effectiveness of the false-alarm reduction algorithms will depend on some of the sensor parameter values. The final assessment of these values can therefore be made only after performance testing of the algorithms. The design of a combined radiometer -- IRST testbed, the SIRDAS, is outlined. This system is used for measuring high quality target and clutter data in the potential battlefields. This data is essential for testing and fine-tuning of the all- important false alarm reduction algorithms.


Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer related death and more common in older people. Immunotherapy has improved
efficacy compared to chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to review existing data on efficacy and adverse
events (AEs) of single agent immunotherapy for NSCLC by age. We reported OS, progression-free survival (PFS) and AEs by age. Suitable
results were meta-analysed using the random effects model. 1803 papers were screened, ten eligible papers identified, seven included
in meta-analyses. Included individual papers did not demonstrate a difference in OS, PFS or AEs. Meta-analyses showed no significant
difference in OS (HR: 1.03, 95% CI 0.92-1.15; p=0.58), PFS (HR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-1.01; p=0.15) or AEs (HR:1.01 95% CI:0.83-1.23;
p=0.91) in older vs younger patients. Existing data on differences in efficacy and AEs of immunotherapy by age is largely observational
and points to similar efficacy and adverse events by age.


Abstract
Partnerships between public schools and institutions of higher education provide teachers with opportunities for leadership. Teachers at the University of Wyoming (UW) Lab School belong to a community of learners and leaders partnering with the UW's Education College. In this school–university partnership, a strong culture endures in which teachers are viewed as leaders supporting the preparation of future educators and embracing active involvement in the school community. Professional development practices are implemented through the partnership to enhance teacher leadership skills. This chapter explores how professional learning communities, school learning walks, and co-teaching strategies support lab school teacher leaders as learners and change agents.


We studied temporal and spatial relationships among hummingbirds and their food flowers in a tropical dry forest on the western coast of Mexico. From June 1985 to July 1986 we recorded flowering phenology, nectar production, and hummingbird visits to flowers, and made morphological measurements of hummingbirds and plants. Twenty-three species of plants were studied, and ten of them were pollinated exclusively by hummingbirds


Seven years after completion of the human genome draft sequence, significant advances have been made in genetic testing. This article highlights some of the newest and most important genetic diagnostic and screening tests to come to market in recent years. Application of these tests to clinical practice is also discussed.


Executive summary  In the UK, differences in dietary quality across the socioeconomic spectrum contribute towards inequalities in health outcomes.  Food insecurity has been attributed to the rising cost of living alongside low and unstable incomes.  Food insecurity is rising in the UK, and national surveillance is required to monitor the prevalence.  Studies suggest that the higher cost of a healthy and varied diet, food and drink marketing, and access to hot food takeaway outlets exacerbate dietary inequalities.  Local authorities may be able to promote healthier eating in local populations by restricting takeaway food outlet access and regulating outdoor food advertising.  Using education programmes for retailers, different salt shakers, and reduced portion sizes may help takeaway outlets serve healthier food.  Our research into supermarket policies shows that changing supermarket environments can help people eat better, but are unlikely to address problems of dietary inequality.  There is no magic bullet to eradicate food insecurity; equitable improvements will demand a combination of varied, simultaneous interventions and substantial political will.


: There are 11 Chinese schools in Laos that use 19 different Chinese language textbooks. Currently, the most commonly used textbook for Chinese education in primary and junior high school is "Chinese Language," while in senior high school, "Chinese Language and Literature" and "HSK Standard Course" are adopted most frequently. This study has conducted interviews and analyzed textbooks, discovering issues with contemporary Chinese language textbooks such as cultural misunderstanding caused by differences in culture and values, insufficient localization of textbooks, outdated information, and the absence of Lao language annotations. Based on the research findings, this article proposes solutions including textbooks localization, compiling strategies, and curriculum design to address these problems.


The issue that whether the age of taking criminal responsibility should be reduced suitably is analyzed from three aspects:①Considering the actual situation that the minors are not mental mature enough,the age of taking criminal responsibility should not be reduced in our Country;②The practice would not get good results;③It is the adult society who is shirking the responsibility if this is the way to solve the problem.The society should not lose the confidence to educate the minor criminal,and the age of taking criminal responsibility should not be reduced.


This study was carried out at Edueim locality in Wh ite Nile State. The aim of this study is to investigate main constraints of pastoral communi ties development in White Nile State. The methods of data collection depend on the socioe onomic survey for pastoral communities in the area. The data were collected th rough interviews using a structured questionnaire and group discussions. Three villages were selected randomly to represent Elbaja area. A total of 60 respondents (10% of the total number of herders in each village) were randomly selected and interviewed. The data analyzed using (SPSS) statistical packages for social science. The study in icated that the high percentage of illiteracy among pastoralists due to continuous mov ement has not allowed them to benefit from educational services provided for villages. Th e study showed that there were conflicts between farmers and pastoralists in utili zing natural rangeland as a result of narrow and blockage of stock routes, due to expansi on of agricultural activities in the area. Moreover, results indicated that there was a cle r absence for role of range administration in providing the necessary services such as extension and veterinary services, seed broadcasting, open fire lines, in-or der to conserve and protect the natural rangeland., the study recommended that priority att ention should be given for changing nomads perception towards educating their children especially girls.


This study aims to know: (1) Do pair checks and learning cycle models influence to students' mathematics comprehension of concept. (2) Do high-motivated students have better comprehension of concept than less-motivated and low-motivated students. (3) Do category of students' motivation of learning cycle model ensue better comprehension of concept than category of students' motivation of pair checks model. (4) Do high-motivated students' learning models (pair checks and learning cycle) have better comprehension of concept than less-motivated and low-motivated students. This study is categorized as a quasi-experimental study with factorial design. The population of the study is all seventh grade students of SMPN 1 Balong. Purposive sampling is used to take the sample of study. Data analysis technique applied includes normality test using Liliefors method. Homogeneity test applies Bartlett test. Balance test utilizes T-test. In addition, hypothesis test uses analysis of two-way variance with unequal cells. Thus, it continues with double comparison test with Scheffe method. The result of the study show that (1) pair checks and learning cycle models influence to the students' comprehension of concepts; (2) high-motivated students have the same comprehension of concept as less-motivated and low-motivated students; (3) those high-motivated students who use learning cycle model have better comprehension of concept that those high-motivated students who use pair checks model. Meanwhile, those less and low-motivated students who use pair checks model have the same comprehension of concept than those less and low-motivated students who use learning cycle models; (4) in each model category (pair checks and learning cycle), high, less, and low-motivated student have no different comprehensionof concept.


The increase of farmer's income is the core issue of three rural issues and the settlement of the issue need new thoughts. Old measures such as planting structure adjustment and agriculture potential development are not enough, the effective ways are speedup of industrialization and urbanization, enlargement of non-agricultural employment.


Tomato juice containing rutin (quercetin-3-rutinoside) was ingested by healthy volunteers and ileostomists. Blood and urine collected over 24 h were analysed by HPLC with photodiode array (PDA) and tandem mass spectrometric detection. Low concentrations of isorhamnetin-3-glucuronide (Cmax = 4.3 ± 1.5 nmoles/l) and quercetin-3-glucuronide (Cmax = 12 ± 2 nmoles/l) were detected in plasma of healthy subjects. Metabolites appeared in blood after 4 h indicating absorption from the large intestine. Nine metabolites of rutin were detected in urine but with considerable variation in total amount (40 ± 1–4981 ± 115 nmoles over 24 h). No metabolites were detected in plasma or urine of ileostomists and 86 ± 3% of the ingested rutin was recovered in ileal fluid. In subjects with an intact large intestine, but not ileostomists, rutin was catabolised with the appearance of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in urine accounting for 22% of rutin intake.


"Our freedom as Americans to practice our religious liberties and express our faith in God is under assault as never before," asserted conservative political strategist and founder of the Faith and Freedom Coalition, Ralph Reed in March 2014. His comments echoed those of Alabama Governor George Wallace who, fifty years earlier, warned of a "deliberate design to subordinate the American people, their faith, their customs, and their religious traditions to a godless state." Similar claims of religious freedom under attack abound in the history of the debate about the relationship between church and state in the United States; in fact in 1984, when the issue of religion in public life was particularly high on the nation's political agenda, New York Times reporter Walter Goodman noted: "[o]n neither side of the issue have the arguments changed much in two decades." On the surface, comparing the quotes from Wallace and Reed suggests Goodman's observation could equally be applied to the thirty years which followed. Such a reading would, however, misunderstand the half century of church-state debate encompassed by their words and ignore the impact of the major social, political, religious, and legal changes which occurred within the United States in that period. Focussing on the experience of conservative Christians, this article argues that the apparent continuity in the language they employed to discuss church-state relations masked significant changes in the arguments made, changes which reflected conservative Christians' responses


Ultrasonic cavitation may be accompanied by sonoluminescence – light emission from the cavitation area. The work discusses the connection between two-phase domains and light emission (sonoluminescence). Experimental evidences provide some proves to non-thermal theories of sonoluminescence.


Let $E$ be a finite directed graph, and let $I$ be the poset obtained as the antisymmetrization of its set of vertices with respect to a pre-order $\le$ that satisfies $v\le w$ whenever there exists a directed path from $w$ to $v$. Assuming that $I$ is a tree, we define a poset of fields over $I$ as a family $\mathbf K = \{ K_i :i\in I \}$ of fields $K_i$ such that $K_i\subseteq K_j$ if $j\le i$. We define the concepts of a Leavitt path algebra $L_{\mathbf K} (E)$ and a regular algebra $Q_{\mathbf K}(E)$ over the poset of fields $\mathbf K$, and we show that $Q_{\mathbf K}(E)$ is a hereditary von Neumann regular ring, and that its monoid $\mathcal V (Q_{\mathbf K}(E))$ of isomorphism classes of finitely generated projective modules is canonically isomorphic to the graph monoid $M(E)$ of $E$.


1. Histochemical procedures have been developed for the demonstration of reduced pyridine nucleotide dependent systems metabolizing 3, 4-benzypyrene, perylene, 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene and 1, 2-benzanthracene. 2. For these procedures, an in situ indicator technique has been employed in which alterations of the fluorescence of the substrates coated on tissue sections is used to demonstrate the sites of enzyme activity. 3. Positive reactions have been found in the hepatic cells of rat, mouse, hamster, monkey, and man. The cells of the central portion of the hepatic lobule are more active than those of the periphery in all species. 4. A survey of rat tissues has shown positive reactions also in the distal portion of the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney, the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the adrenal, the interstitial cells of the testis, the follicular epithelium of the thyroid and the alveolar walls of the lung. 5. The activity is considerably higher in sections of liver, kidney, thyroid, testis, and lung from rats injected with methylcholanthrene than in control animals; in the adrenal, no such increase is found.


Based on the mechanism of coal and gas outburst,we construct the prediction model of BP neuro-network and make the composite factor of the coal and gas outburst as the feature vector.By training the network of different structure,we could get the best network.The study can be used to predict the coal and gas outburst,and convert the qualitative prediction into the dosing prediction.Accordingly,it can raise prediction scientificity and accuracy of the coal and gas outburst.


Background: With continuous debate, regarding which are more effective in managements of the temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), CAD/CAM or conventionally made occlusal splint, this study aimed to answer the following question "does the CAD/CAM occlusal splints have different effect regard to patient satisfaction, muscle activity, and time of adjustments when compared with conventional splints?" Materials and Methods: A sample of 30 TMD patients, with a mean age of 30.2 years were randomly allocated into Groups 1 (CAD/CAM splint 15 patients) and 2 (conventional splint 15 patients). The research diagnostic criteria for TMD were used for TMD Axis I (Groups II disc displacement with reduction). Numeric scales (TMD/NS, 10 cm) were used to measure headaches, face pain, jaw joint pain, jaw joint noises, mastication pain, neck pain, face tension, limitation of mouth opening, complaints during mastication, and teeth sensitivity at baseline and then monthly for 3 months. Electromyography was used to measure the muscle activity of masseter and temporalis muscles at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months. The time needed for adjustment of splint from the beginning of splint insertion until became well fitted and occlusally adjusted was calculated using stopwatch (minutes). Results: TMD/NS showed statistically significant improvement in CAD/CAM splint group when compared to conventional splint after 1 and 3 months P = 0.001 and < 0.0001, respectively. There was highly statistical significant less time required for adjustment for the CAD\CAM occlusal splints when compared to the conventional occlusal splints (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The CAD/CAM occlusal splints significantly require less time of adjustment and improve the patient's satisfaction of TMD patients greater than that of conventional occlusal splint. However, both splints are similar in regard to improvements of the muscle activities.


The new educational funding model has left the majority of ITPs struggling for survival. Educational institutions in order to improve efficiencies could be lured to outsourcing, as a key to achieve improved financial results. Miller (2005) echoes this sentiment when he says that "Outsourcing jobs to India has saved Americans billions while actually increasing the quality and competitiveness of many of our industries. We should now apply outsourcing to education". While Mehta (2006) debates the merits of outsourcing education, based on the three major challenges that educational institutions face- the fight for talent, benchmarking to global standards and the mismatch between supply and demand. An increasing number of educational institutions are considering allowing external experts to run their vital, but often management-time consuming and resource intensive operations. The question is which factors regarding outsourcing should educational institutions take into account before relegating professors dinosaurs while jumping on the outsourcing band wagon? Descriptive research following a qualitative approach was used to identify the lessons learnt from outsourcing in the corporate world. These lessons can in future be used by educational institutions as a checklist to judge the value of the proposed outsourcing thus providing the ITP sector a positive way to leverage in the changed funding environment.


An organization called 'Conversation Cafe' seeks, through the use of the internet, to foster many forms of conversation as a medium of constructive social change. Their wesite asks: 'Tired of small talk? Try some big talk...In this paper I (the author) wish to propose that the church might be thought of as a community of conversation, not only for people to develop as more active participants in society, but also to engage in what I have termed the divine-human conversation. The church might be seen as that part of the world in which this conversation comes into focus and is intentionally embodied. In short, the church might be comething like the 'conversational cafe.'


Price war often occurs among China's enterprises.This paper discusses the reason of price war from the relationship of product differentiation and collusion.We prove that it is more difficult for firms to collude in prices when the degree of product differentiation is smaller.Hence,the way to price war is to make the product differentiation larger through improving the competence of independent innovation.


Abstract : The feasibility studies on the transverse RF accelerator are progressing in all areas covered by the contract. The initial estimates have generally been corroborated by our calculations. The electromagnetic fields in the RF acceleratory cavity, a prolate ellipsoid of revolution, were analysed in terms of known special functions. A computer program for these functions was acquired and implemented. We are presently using the program to verify the asymptotic fields used in energy transfer calculations. An analytical calculation of beam loading gave mixed results. The difficulty is that the beam is resonant with the fields, and therefore strongly perturbed; hence the loading problem is fully nonlinear and very difficult to solve analytically. The calculations on front end injection of electron bunches show that large currents in the kilo ampere range can be injected. A laser activated cathode would emit electron bunches which can be laterally compressed without excessive de- bunching. Only minor emittance calculations have been performed to date. Since the electromagnetic fields are now know exactly there should be no trouble with this.


The damage experiments of simulation target′s vulnerability were made by using the real rod warhead to the charges covered steel shell. The damage effects of rod-fragments and shock wave overpressure were analyzed and the damage analysis was compared with the calculation of Jacobs criterion. It (can′t) detonate simulation target when pecific kinetic energy of 12 grams rod-fragments amount to (5.7 kJ·cm~(-2)) and blastwave overpressure amounts to 4.67 MPa through analysis of experiments results. If the velocity of rod-fragements increases to 2.3 km·s~(-1),the fragments may detonate simulation target. The results show it is difficult to detonate the charges covered steel shell by rod fragments and shock wave, but they could damage the structure of the targets in appropriate conditions.


The study examined the impact of transformational leadership behaviour of salespersons on their customers' relationship marketing behaviour in the corporate banking sector in Sri Lanka. Researchers found that there is a relationship between transformational leadership and relationship marketing. The results of this study revealed that relationship marketing is well practiced by private banks than in state banks. Another important piece of information is that the majority of corporate customers who deals with the banks are males. The present study contributes to the practice of relationship marketing by shedding light on how salespersons can create and develop the practice of relationship marketing. Furthermore this research has identified what sort of relationship would create better communication and relationship with customers. Thus findings of this research will help to prepare training manuals, training guidance as well as training programs. Further these findings, especially transformational leadership qualities of salespersons can be used as one of the criteria in selection process. Keywords: Relationship Marketing, Transformational Leadership, Corporate Banking in Sri Lanka, salesperson, corporate customers For full paper: firstname.lastname@example.com


Taking Hypsizygus marmoreus as material,the yield of Hypsizygus marmoreus on the first,the third and the sixth shelf which were different on the temperature,relative humidity,light intensity and the density of CO2 was compared.The results showed that the Hypsizygus marmoreus on the sixth shelf grew the best,the yield of single bottle was 168.85g and the biological conversion reached 65.96%.It was concluded that accurate environment factors,that was temperature 15.3℃,relative humidity 89.5%,light intensity 870lx,the density of CO2 2 029mg/kg could improve the biological conversion of Hypsizygus marmoreus significantly.


Any analysis of money in late nineteenth-century Britain has been handicapped to some extent by deficiencies in the available data. We believe we have now remedied many of the deficiencies and can therefore proceed with greater confidence to an investigation of the monetary sector. In this paper we explore the money adjustment process, drawing on the monetary data base that we have built and using recently developed econometric techniques. This paper is organized as follows. In the first brief section an outline of the data used is provided. That is followed by a section on the money adjustment process, which gives the estimation technique used and subjects the obtained specification to a variety of diagnostic tests. We then present our results on interest and income elasticities and our thoughts on the unsettled issue of the stability of the demand for money.


When we began this review, we intended to write a chapter entitled, "Phase transitions in two-dimensional systems." It soon became evident, however, that it was impossible to cover so broad a topic within the imposed size limitation. Even with the restriction to monolayers, it is difficult to provide a complete overview of this lively and growing field. Fortunately, recent reviews by M6hwald (1) and McConnell (2) dealt with Langmuir monolayers. Because they did not focus on phase transitions, our chapter complements, rather than duplicates, this work. New experimental tech niques that have been applied to the study of monolayers have also been described recently (3); two Annual Review of Materials Science articles are also relevant (4, 5). And, Wortis (6) has evaluated the state of the art (as of 1990) in the study of surface films of small molecules in a brief and entertaining review. We have divided this chapter into four main sections. The first deals with structure and is primarily a review of experiments. Recent Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are discussed next. The kinetics of monolayer phase transitions are then described, and we


p19 INK4d is a 165 amino acid protein that belongs to the INK4 family of CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors. Assignments of 1 H, 15 N and 13 C resonances have enabled the determination of the secondary structure of the protein which is largely K-helical (residues 14^18, 21^29, 54^62, 77^83, 87^95, 110^116, 120^128, 142^148 and 152^160). The protein comprises five 32-amino acid ankyrin-like repeats; each ankyrin repeat contains a helix-Lturn-helix core. The exception is the second ankyrin repeat, which lacks the first helix. All L-turns have a central glycine residue flanked by two residues in L-conformations. There is also a high conservation of Ala at position 8 in the first helix and LeuLeu(Val) at positions 17^18 of the second helix in all ankyrin repeats of p19. The location of the helix-turn-helix segments found in p19 should be general for all other members of the INK4 family, including, for example, a homologous tumor suppressor p16 INK4a . 1 H15 N heteronuclear steady-state NOE measurements on p19 indicate that most of the backbone of p19 INK4d exists in a well defined structure of limited conformational flexibility on the nanoto picosecond time scale.


The iNEMI Connector Reliability TestRecommendations Project was organized to address the need for standardized reliability qualification methods for connectors. In previous work, the team reviewed current standards and defined connector interconnect tiers. Using existing standards as a basis, a generalized protocol for evaluating connector reliability based on the defined connector interconnect tiers and stresses expected in use was proposed.In the current work, the team makes recommendations for specific stress level definitions for connectors used in office/consumer, high-end systems, portable, wireless, and industrial applications. The stress levels are mapped to those expected for connector tier 4. Recommendations are made for test conditions associated with each of the stress levelsIn addition, the project group concluded that with some modifications, the EIA 364-1000 standard, Environmental Test Methodology for Assessing Performance of Electrical Connectors and Sockets used in Controlled Environment Applications, can be extended to connectors intended for use in uncontrolled environments. These modifications include adding dust preconditioning, thermal shock preconditioning, and mechanical shock to the test sequences. The group also identified gaps in current standards/knowledge to help guide future improvement in the recommended testing.


AbstractInitial research demonstrated that only low frequencies could be mimicked with rate of electrical stimulation, and thus multi-channel rather than single-channel stimulation was required for the place coding of the mid-high speech frequencies.Place coding of mid-high frequencies was best achieved with electrodes inside the cochlea. Furthermore, correct biomechanical properties of a multiple electrode bundle were required for it to pass around the cochlear spiral to the speech frequency region.Biological studies showed too that intra-cochlear electrodes could be used with minimal trauma, safe electrical stimulus parameters, and methods to prevent inner ear infection and meningitis.The crucial discoveries for coding speech with electrical stimulation have been based on the discovery of: 1) the fact the brain processes frequency information along spatial and temporal channels, and 2) that the first patient experienced vowels when stimulating different electrodes that corresponded to the place of excit...


This Article proposes a new rule that would allow the FDA to achieve the best balance of medical product availability and safety without interference from tort law when the agency has adequately reviewed the safety science. After an analysis of the FDA's competency to review, and manufacturers' ability to hide, safety concerns, this Article argues that FDA review is adequate during the initial approval process, but the agency cannot adequately respond to newly acquired safety information that arises post-market. To take advantage of this finding, the change in knowledge proposal would require tort plaintiffs to show a change in the state of safety knowledge from FDA approval to the time of the injury.


We will present a THz electromechanical meta-atom that can be used as a fast, room-temperature detector for THz waves. Contrary to the majority of infrared and THz electromechanical devices, our meta-atom is based on electric interactions instead of photothermal forces. We can thus overcome the finite response time imposed by heat diffusion and realize detectors with virtually no upper limit in the modulation bandwidth.


Texture image classification is very useful in many domains. It has been tried using statistical., spectral and structural approaches. A novel Pixel N-grams technique has emerged for image feature extraction recently. The aim of this paper is to analyse the efficacy of Pixel N-grams technique for texture image classification in comparison with the traditional techniques namely Intensity histogram., Haralick's features based on co-occurrence matrix and state-of-the-art Bag-of-Visual-Words (BoVW). The experiments were carried out on the benchmark UIUC texture dataset using SVM classifier. The classification performance was compared using Fscore., Recall and Precision. The classification results using Pixel N-gram were significantly better than that using Intensity histogram and Haralick features whereas., they were comparable with the BoVwapproach.


With recent advances in wireless networking, Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) became practically feasible. This paper presents a survey about energy-efficient MAC protocols for WBANs. The importance and significance of MAC protocols are discussed. Several methods that provide energy efficiency for WBANs are identified. Also highlights features of various existing MAC protocols along with their advantages and limitations.


Like most efforts at educational reform, initial proposals for the teaching of art criticism represented a promising direction for practice rather than a fully developed educational plan. Educators during the 1950s and 1960s, who first proposed art criticism as an alternative to studio work, viewed it as a remedy for a number of problems with existing practice. They were troubled by a failure to meet the needs of older students whose interest in making art declined with the onset of adolescence; by the lack of intellectual substance in a curriculum that had degenerated into mere manipulation of art materials in the early grades and a narrow development of technical skills in the upper grades; by a perceived lack of balance between studio production and the teaching of art appreciation; and by the marginal status of art education within the overall school curriculum.1 If teaching art criticism was envisioned as a promising way of addressing such problems, educators had only vague ideas about what criticism was and how it should be taught. One of the first to recognize the underlying conceptual problems involved in prescribing the teaching of criticism was Ralph Smith. His pioneering anthology, Aesthetics and Criticism in Art Education, was one of the first works to systematically inquire into the nature of criticism as part of the philosophical study of art education.2 Over the years, the Journal of Aesthetic Education, which he founded and edited, has played a prominent role in encouraging efforts to clarify the concept of criticism and its role in art education.


Two new triterpenoid saponins (1 and 2) were isolated from the dried aerial parts of Dianthus superbus L. (Caryophyllaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data to be 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl olean-9(11),12-diene-23,28-dioic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl olean-11,13(18)-diene-23,28-dioic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2).


Introduction: Cataract is a major cause of impaired vision and blindness. Study aimed to find out if there is any association between dyslipidemia and cataract. Material and methods: This cross sectional hospital based study was performed in a tertiary care center of Jharkhand between June 2017 to March 2018. Total 223 patients who were diagnosed with senile cataract were included in the study. Detailed history, ophthalmologic and systemic examination was done. Dyslipidemia is defined as:Hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol > 220 mg/dl), or Hypertriglyceridemia (total triglyceride > 150 mg/dl), or Low density lipoprotein > 130 mg/dl. Results: Out of total 223 patients 134 were men and 89 were women. 70% patients had dyslipidemia. Prevalence of dyslipidemia was associated significantly (< 0.05) with nuclear and cortical cataract but not significant (> 0.05) for posterior sub capsular cataract. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia maybe considered having an association with nuclear and cortical cataract directly or indirectly.


This article considers the role of conditional cash transfers as a mechanism of governing health risk by buying behaviour change in sexual practice. Conditional cash transfers have come to be identified as a potential solution to the problem of HIV prevention, and as such look likely to be applied throughout countries with high prevalence rates in sub-Saharan Africa. The article considers the implications of two pilot studies in Tanzania and Malawi for governing the risk of HIV infection. It outlines the problem of behaviour change and individual rationality, the potential of conditional cash transfers as a relatively inexpensive programme with high outcomes, and some of the limitations and implications of these initiatives for individual bodies, rationality and global health governance. The article makes the argument that conditional cash transfers should be met with caution and that governing health risk by buying behaviour represents the intersection of bio-political control with neo-liberal forms of economic incentive through financial gain. The balancing of long-term health needs with short-term financial gain induces will to change behaviour, the problem being the sustainability of such change in the absence of financial gain and the long-term consequences of constructing behaviour.


Background:Traction of cervical vertebrae is an effective method in treatment of cervical spondlopathy.Manual therapy can correct dysfunction,has the effects of function exercises and has an active significance to the rehabilitation of mixed cervical spondylopathy.Combination of these two methods could enhance therapeutic effects and do good to functional recovery.Objective:To observe effects of traction combined with nanual therapy on mixed cervical spondylopathy.Subjects:70 cases of mixed cervical spondylopathy from January 2000 to January 2001 were investigated including 49 males and 21 females,aged 21-48(mean:34.8)years old with disease course 1 week t 6 months.All cases were treated by non-operative therapy.Among these patients,numbness of upper limbs,22 cases,pain at neck,shoulder,back,40 cases.Pressure measurement by compression of neck was positive in 10 cases,brachial plexus pulling test was positive in 5 cases and lowering head test was positive in 11 cases.X-ray and CT examination showed abnormal curvature,hypertrophy of front and back edges of vertebrae,narrow intervertebral fossa in 51 cases,protrusion of intervertebral disc in 35 cases,prolapse in 25 cases,calcification of posterior langitudinal ligament in 48 cases.All cases were randomly divided into treatment group(n=36) and control group(n=34).there was comparability between two groups at age,sex,disease condition.brae:Traction began with 6 kg and 1 kg was increased every day.Maximal weight to male was 17 kg and female was 15 kg.Intermittent traction was wadopted,relaxing for 5 seconds after 5 seconds of traction.(2)Manual therapy:relaxing neck,pulling neck,lifting neck.Corresponding acupoints were compressed with thumb along brachial nerve.If the acupoint were selected correctly and "De qi" was felt,the patient,might feel comfortable after manual therapy.In the end.rolling and rotating manipulation,beating were adopted at neck,back and relaxing manipulation was adopted to upper libs 2 weeks was 1 therapeutic course.Simple manual therapy


The invention discloses a making method of qilaxi ketone with structural formula as formula (I), which is characterized by the following: the chemical name of compound is 5-(2-(4-(1,2-benzo isothiazole-3-base)-piperazine) acetyl)-6-chloride-1, 3-dihydrogen-2H-indole-2-ketone, which is reduced in the organic acid solvent; the solvent is C1-C6 paraffin acid substituted by at least one halogenate atom with carboxyl function group.


This paper proposes a method of constructing nonlinear cyclic codes that form an additive group for which the decoding complexity or error correcting performance is improved relative to RS codes, which are typical linear cyclic codes. First, a code with information digit count k = 1 is constructed by using multiple RS code basis vectors obtained from Galois field Fourier transforms. Then, for k 1, codes are constructed from this code by using idempotent elements. Also, a code with code length n = 7 was constructed as an example, and both its minimal trellis diagram complexity and bit error rate on the AWGN channel due to a computer simulation were shown to be excellent. In addition, an iterative decoder was applied to the codes with k = 4 and 5, which had peak trellis diagram complexity, and it was shown that the decoding complexity could be reduced. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(7): 64–73, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1170


Background. Individuals with stroke usually show reduced muscle activities of the paretic leg and asymmetrical gait pattern during walking. Objective. To determine whether applying a resistance force to the nonparetic leg would enhance the muscle activities of the paretic leg and improve the symmetry of spatiotemporal gait parameters in individuals with poststroke hemiparesis. Methods. Fifteen individuals with chronic poststroke hemiparesis participated in this study. A controlled resistance force was applied to the nonparetic leg using a customized cable-driven robotic system while subjects walked on a treadmill. Subjects completed 2 test sections with the resistance force applied at different phases of gait (ie, early and late swing phases) and different magnitudes (10%, 20%, and 30% of maximum voluntary contraction [MVC] of nonparetic leg hip flexors). Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the muscles of the paretic leg and spatiotemporal gait parameters were collected. Results. Significant increases in integrated EMG of medial gastrocnemius, medial hamstrings, vastus medialis, and tibialis anterior of the paretic leg were observed when the resistance was applied during the early swing phase of the nonparetic leg, compared with baseline. Additionally, resistance with 30% of MVC induced the greatest level of muscle activity than that with 10% or 20% of MVC. The symmetry index of gait parameters also improved with resistance applied during the early swing phase. Conclusion. Applying a controlled resistance force to the nonparetic leg during early swing phase may induce forced use on the paretic leg and improve the spatiotemporal symmetry of gait in individuals with poststroke hemiparesis.


The lithium ion migration mechanism in Li+−(diglyme)2 and LiClO4−diglyme complexes with coordination of Li+ by 3 to 6 oxygens has been investigated using ab initio molecular orbital theory. Local minima corresponding to different coordination sites of the Li+ cation and transition states between them have been located. The Li+ binding energies of the Li+−(diglyme)2 and LiClO4−diglyme complexes range from 94 to 122 and 167 to 188 kcal/mol, respectively. The binding energies increase with increasing coordination of Li+ by oxygen, although the binding per Li−O bond decreases, and structures with higher coordination of Li+ by oxygen exhibit longer Li−O bond lengths than the ones with lower coordination number. The barrier heights for n + 1 → n coordination of the cation by oxygen decrease with increasing coordination number n, with the smallest Li+ migration barriers (7−11 kcal/mol) occurring for complexes with the highest coordination numbers. The reaction coordinate for lithium ion migration between coordin...


Abstract : Today we live in a world of heightened religious awareness and sensitivity. The events of September 11, 2001 sent a shock wave throughout American society and in some cases ignited a religious spark in those shocked by the attacks. The result has been a distinct and clearly visible fragmentation of the United States along religious and ideological boundaries. The United States Military is not immune to stress caused by these divides. There have been claims of anti- Muslim sentiment within select units of the U.S. Army; accusations that some leaders at the U.S. Air Force Academy were using their positions to promote their faith and discriminate against minority faiths, and allegations that the U.S. Navy is prohibiting chaplains from practicing their faith. In this thesis, I examine these and other cases along with the religious diversity trends since 2001 to demonstrate that the potential for continued and increased religious conflict in the military is high. I will further argue that the solution to avoiding these conflicts is through training and education provided at the initial stages of enlisted training and at the commissioning source for officers.


If you pick up a tool and drag its tip across a table, a rock, or a swatch of fabric, you are able to feel variations in the textures even though you are not directly touching them. These vibrations are characteristic of the material and the motions made when interacting with the surface. This paper presents a new method for creating haptic texture models from data recorded during natural and unconstrained motions using a new haptic recording device. The recorded vibration data is parsed into short segments that represent the feel of the surface at the associated tool force and speed. We create a low-order auto-regressive (AR) model for each data segment and construct a Delaunay triangulation of models in force-speed space for each surface. During texture rendering, we stably interpolate between these models using barycentric coordinates and drive the interpolated model with white noise to output synthetic vibrations. Our methods were validated through application to data recorded by eight human subjects and the experimenter interacting with six textures. We present a new spectral metric for determining perceptual match of the models in order to evaluate the effectiveness and consistency of the segmenting and modeling approach. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) on the pairwise differences in the synthesized vibrations shows that the 54 created texture models cluster by texture in a two-dimensional perceptual space.


The discovery of association rules from large databases has proven beneficial for companies since such rules can be very effective in revealing actionable knowledge that leads to strategic decisions. In tandem with this benefit, association rule mining can also pose a threat to privacy protection. The main problem is that from non-sensitive information or unclassified data, one is able to infer sensitive information, including personal information, facts, or even patterns that are not supposed to be disclosed. This scenario reveals a pressing need for techniques that ensure privacy protection, while facilitating proper information accuracy and mining. In this paper, we introduce new algorithms for balancing privacy and knowledge discovery in association rule mining. We show that our algorithms require only two scans, regardless of the database size and the number of restrictive association rules that must be protected. Our performance study compares the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed algorithms and analyzes the fraction of association rules, which are preserved after sanitizing a database. We also report the main results of our performance evaluation and discuss some open research issues.


My presentation will analyze the discourse that arose in the Polish internet after the first presentation of trailer of game "Hatred". This Polish isometric shooter gained international media attention and at that time was viewed as highly controversial because of its premise and alleged connections of its creators with the Polish far right movements. The international media attention spawned the local media attention and inspired public discussion between Polish game designers, game scholars and journalists. The shape which this discourse has taken seems to be interesting example of ways in which transgressive content of some media may be interpreted and function in struggle to redefine the rules governing the field that produced those media. It is especially interesting how moral commotion, quite typical for the media, is a stimulus for renegotiation of interpretation frames used by Polish game designers, scholars and journalists and by it the shift in boundaries of Polish gaming discourse field. This presentation aims to deepen the understanding of ways in which transgressive content is defined and used in discourses of moral commotion and its role in reconstructing the discursive status quo. Presentation is based study that I conducted from September to October 2015 that focused on computer aided content analysis of polish internet discourse about "Hatred". The analyzed sample, consisted of tweets written in polish regarding "Hatred" (1143 total), articles on polish gaming portals (59 total), articles on Polish gaming blogs (16 total), and public facebook posts published by key actors all published between 01.10.14 and 01.09.15. The sample of tweets was created by harvesting them via custom script, the articles were gathered by employing analytical search strategies: briefsearch and citation indexing strategy. Articles, published on English speaking gaming portals as well as blogs, tweets and you tube videos served as broader background for the study although those sources were not systematically analyzed. The methodological framework was critical discourse analysis. The theoretical background for my study was Pierre Bourdieu's model of economy of cultural goods especially his notion of taste and Julius' concept of transgressive content.


AIM
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational ethical climate and components of nursing error reporting in selected hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2020.

BACKGROUND
Error reporting is considered as a strategic indicator for error prevention.

METHOD
This is a cross-sectional and correlational study that was conducted on 336 samples who had been selected by stratified random sampling method. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 software, using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests.

RESULTS
The results of this study showed a significant and direct relationship between the organizational ethical climate and components of nursing error reporting (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION
It is imperative for nursing managers in all management levels to remove barriers to nursing error reporting by using ethical climate strategies.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
It is difficult to obtain accurate statistics on medical errors and their causes in developing countries, therefore nursing managers should provide the necessary conditions for formal, principled and complete reporting of nursing errors for nurses without causing fear of punishmnet.


The Western has been one of cinema's most enduring and versatile genres. Despite the various remarks on the "death of the Western" (Buscombe 1988: 268), the genre has reappeared in new forms, spaces and time periods. No longer is it confined between the 1860s and 1890s on the Western frontier of North America; the Afghanistan set The Kite Runner (Mark Forster 2007) has been examined in terms of the Western genre (Kollin 2007: ix-xix) while a similar productive analysis could be undertaken of the Turkish film Once Upon a Time in Anatolia (Nuri Bilge Ceylan 2011), a work reminiscent (and not just in its title) of Sergio Leone's Once Upon a Time in the West (1968). It would seem therefore overdue for an Irish Western production, though some have suggested that John Ford's (the seminal Western director) Irish-set film The Quiet Man (1952) might be regarded as such (Byrne 2009: 30-41; Faraci 2016). Abu Media's An Klondike (Dathai Keane 2015) certainly fits the bill and was welcomed in the considerable (and largely positive) Irish press coverage it received as "the first Irish Western" (e.g. Stacey 2015). In both the four-part series broadcast on TG4 and the edited, feature-length cut screened at the Galway Film Fleadh, the production is replete with many of the tropes of the Western genre; a setting in the 1890s in Western North America (the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada); conflict between civilized order (represented by the local Mountie Sam Steele played by former Stunning member Steve Wall) and an apparently lawless frontier town, Dominion Creek; and an array of familiar iconography including recognisable Western attire, a local saloon -The Golden Nugget--, a confidence trickster, prostitutes, the local bigwig saloon owner and his gunslinging enforcers. However what sets An Klondike apart from any previous Western is that most of the dialogue is conducted through the Irish language. Almost ten years ago in issue 3 of Estudios Irlandeses, I published a piece on Irish language film and television. In part, 'From Kings to Caca Milis: Recent Trends in Irish Film and Television as Gaeilge', was responding to hopeful signs within film and television production in Irish (including the release of two feature films in Irish in 2007) in a context where the language continues to be under considerable pressure and some decline in the Gaeltacht--or Irish-speaking--parts of the country. One of the consequences of this decline has been the challenge it has presented to filmmakers wishing to produce convincing contemporary drama as Gaeilge. For Paul Mercier (director of acclaimed and award-winning Irish-Language film and television including the short Lipservice (1998) and the TG4 series Aifric (2006-2008)) there are primarily three areas in which filmmaking in the Irish language can be made with integrity: films set in the past, films set in the future or films that engage with the challenges of the Irish speaker in Ireland today. The producers of An Klondike have adopted one of the most innovative and productive approaches in this respect by setting their series among Irish emigrants in 19th century Canada. One of the strengths of this approach is that it is based on the actual historical experience of hundreds of thousands of Irish emigrants in the late 19th century, allowing the producers to build on existing historical records and strong narrative accounts of the period. Among the most acclaimed modern Irish language texts is Mici MacGabhann's Rotha Mor an tSaoil (1959)--republished in English as The Hard Road to the Klondike (1962) -, which describes MacGabhann's experiences during the Klondike gold rush, when an estimated 100,000 prospectors (many of whom were Irish) migrated to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada following the discovery of gold there in August 1896. An Klondike draws much inspiration from MacGabhann's vivid descriptions of events and characters while other characters in the series are based on actual historical figures, including confidence trickster Soapy Smith (Michael Glenn Murphy), local officer Sam Steele (after whom Canada's fifth tallest mountain, Mount Steele, is named), Native American Skookum Jim (Julian Black Antelope), and Father Judge (Clive Geraghty), who became known as "The Saint of Dawson" for his work providing shelter, food and medicine to poorer and ill miners caught up in Klondike's gold rush. …


: Let f ( s 1 , s 2 ) = P ∞ m,n =0 a mn exp ( s 1 λ m + s 2 µ n ) , s w = σ w + it w , w = 1 , 2 be analytic in the hyperplane Re s 1 < α 1 < ∞ , Re s 2 < α 2 < ∞ , ( −∞ < α 1 , α 2 < ∞ ) , and Π mn be the class of all exponential polynomials of degree mn at most. In this paper, the growth parameters of f have been characterized in terms of the error in approximating f by exponential polynomials.


In this article I will analyze Mexican author Guillermo Fadanelli's novels ?Te vere en el desayuno? (1999), Lodo (2002), and Hotel DF (2010), exploring the portrayal of the homogenizing effects of postmodern, global consumer culture and the consequent proliferation of what Marc Auge has denominated as non-places. Fadanelli's Mexico City strains to maintain a distinct regional identity under the pressures of rapid modernization, international development, and globalization. As such, I argue that his novels manifest what Auge calls the "intellectual difficulty in thinking simultaneously about continuity and discontinuity, local and global, place and non-place." I will demonstrate the emergence of the non-place as a predominant spatial construct in Fadanelli's fictions as well as the simultaneous and uncomfortable coexistence of such non-places with a deliberate focus on distinctive regional and/or local minutia. This tension often manifests in a sense of nostalgia and the questioning of any type of defined identity.


Convergence results are provided for inexact two‐sided inverse and Rayleigh quotient iteration, which extend the previously established results to the generalized non‐Hermitian eigenproblem and inexact solves with a decreasing solve tolerance. Moreover, the simultaneous solution of the forward and adjoint problem arising in two‐sided methods is considered, and the successful tuning strategy for preconditioners is extended to two‐sided methods, creating a novel way of preconditioning two‐sided algorithms. Furthermore, it is shown that inexact two‐sided Rayleigh quotient iteration and the inexact two‐sided Jacobi‐Davidson method (without subspace expansion) applied to the generalized preconditioned eigenvalue problem are equivalent when a certain number of steps of a Petrov–Galerkin–Krylov method is used and when this specific tuning strategy is applied. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


To compare the efficacy of paradote and standard dose oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the prevention of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients undergoing coronary angiography with or without concomitant coronary intervention. design: A prospective, open-Iabled,randomized controlled study Subjects: One hundred and twenty eight patients undergoing coronary angiography with or without concomitant coronary intervention in the Department of Medicine,Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Medical College and Vajira Hospital between March 2007 to January 2008 were enrolled. Methods: All subjects were divided into two groups by randomization. The study group received paradote of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC)(oral N-acetylcysteine 70 mg/kg q 4 hr before coronary angiography 6 doses and after coronary angiography12 doses). The control group received the standard dose of oral N-acetylcysteine (oral NAC 600 mg q 12 hr before coronary angiography 2 doses and after coronary angiography 2 doses). All patients received 0.9% normal saline solution (NSS) 1 ml/kg 12 hrs before and after coronary angiography. The nonionic,low osmolality contrast agent (Ultravist 370@) was used in all patients Main outcome measures: The development of CIN which was defined as an increase of at least 0.5 mg/dl or increase at least 25% in serum creatinine over baseline within 48 hrs of coronary angiography Results: At baseline, there were no significant differences in mean age, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (as estimated by the Cockroft~ault equation), or volume of contrast used in either group. Five patients developed CIN, which occurred in 1.53% (1/65) patients taking paradote NAC and 6.34% (4/63) of patients taking standard NAC (relative risk = 0.26; 95% confidence interval 0.03 to 2.25; P = 0.24). ln the paradote NAC group, the decrease in serum creatinine from baseline (1.67 mg/dl) after coronary angiography at 24 hrs (1.50 mg/dl) and 48 hrs (1.52) were significant (p < 0.005). In the standard NAC group, the serum creatinine decrease from baseline (1.58) after coronary angiography at 24 hrs (1.51 mg/dl) was also significant (p = 0.005), but it was not significant in the standard NAC group after coronary angiography at 48 hrs (1.57 mg/dl).Side effects occurred in 3.1%(3/65) of patients taking paradote NAC and 3.2% (2/63) of patients taking standard NAC. Most side effects were gastrointestinal in nature and no anaphylactoid reaction was detected. Conclusions: Paradote and the standard dose of oral NAC in the prevention of CIN in patients undergoing coronary angiography were not significantly different. Paradote of NAC tends to be more effective than the standard dose for prevention of CIN without any serious side effects.


In a wide variety of two-party economic relationships the parties employ contracts involving financial reporting and auditing to share the outcome of some project. Financial reporting and auditing thus provide evidence to one party concerning both the actual payoff and the level of input or effort provided by the second party. In many cases one observes that such contracts result in an audit only when the payoff is "low." By offering an explanation for why the audit or investigation occurs only if the payoff is low, this paper contributes to the development of a positive theory of contracts or exchange agreements in which the two parties' interests conflict and in which one cannot directly observe key aspects of the project, such as the payoff or the other individual's input. Sharecropping contracts have frequently been cited as archetypal of the agency problem.' In this formulation the Landowner contracts with a Tenant who will work the land, with the resulting crop jointly dependent on the Tenant's input or effort (how well and how intensely he works the land) and the weather. Consideration is limited here to cases in which the Tenant observes both his input and the resulting crop yield, while the Landowner is unable to observe either directly. However, it is assumed that for a certain fixed audit or investigation cost, the Landowner can learn both the crop yield and the Tenant's input. When


The American experiences in Afghanistan and Iraq have motivated a re-examination of earlier experiences with post-conflict planning and reconstruction. This paper reviews the US experience in Korea following the Second World War and the Korean War; addresses the political economy of establishing institutions of governance in post-conflict situations; considers the issue of "portability": the extent to which the South Korean experience may reflect unique and irreproducible conditions; and then applies these ideas by comparing the South Korean experience to the contemporary case of Afghanistan. Some conclusions and policy recommendations are contained in the final section.


DIABETES With the President, Professor HENRY F. MOORE (Dublin), in the chair, Dr. R. D. LAWRENCE opened a discussion on the treatment of diabetes, with special reference to high carbohydrate diets. After referring to the lowcalorie diets of the past, and to the recent practice of giving high and moderate carbohydrate diets, he discussed the influence of the vagus, and of endocrine glands other than the pancreas, and mentioned the work of Houssay and Cushing, which proved the influence of the pituitary body on the disease. Insulin rectified carbohydrate disturbance however produced. Properly treated, ten healthy years had already been assured to thousands, and this health might continue indefinitely. Poorly controlled


The aim of our research was to describe, compare, and analyze the development of business and educational co-operation between Kazakhstan and Hungary over the past 19 years. The research was prompted by the university-level co-operation between the two countries that star ted in 2018, which was made possible by the strategic partnership that is the topic of the present article. We started from the hypothesis that both business and educational co-operation has developed linearly and significantly during the last 19 years. Our research methodology was based on gathering and analyzing secondary macroeconomic, trade, and educational co-operation data in the period between 2011 and 2020. The data were obtained from publications, national offices (statistical, commerce, and education), and international bodies (like TempusPublic Foundation, Eurostat, International Monetary Fund [IMF], and the World Bank). In this paper, we intend to link the main political, social, and macroeconomic endowments with business and educational developments of partnership in the two countries, trying to map out prospects for co-operation. One conclusion is that, although in the political communications of the two countries we were able to identify significant governmental efforts on both sides to support and enforce economic and educational co-operation, the data indicate a decrease in the size of business investments. At the same time, however, the educational co-operation between the two parties continues to develop further.


The aim of the present work is a structural characterization study of silica‐incorporated copper‐oxide (CuO‐SiO2) catalysts using HRTEM. The catalysts were prepared by the sol‐gel synthetic route. Two calcined catalysts (at 400°C and 800°C, respectively) were analyzed before and after the "NOx + H2" catalytic reaction. It was found that in the 400°C calcined catalyst, the copper is present as CuO crystallites in a structureless form, while in the 800°C calcined catalyst, it was assumed that the copper is atomically dispersed into the silica matrix since no traces of crystalline copper were observed. Under a reducing atmosphere, i.e., after reaction, the former showed large crystallites of CuO, while in the latter a segregation of colloidal crystallites, a mixture of Cu2O and metallic Cu, was observed. It is worth noting that in the case of the 400°C "after‐reaction" catalyst, a change in color was observed after a few minutes of air exposure. This result suggested that the reduced copper‐oxide phase obtained after reduction was unstable. Microsc. Res. Tech. 40:49–55, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


During the 1984 growing season, 156 peach and 40 nectarine cultivars, 49 plant introductions, and 33 Prunus species or species hybrids were evaluated for susceptibility to bacterial spot [Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni (Smith 1903) Dye 1978] in North Carolina and South Carolina. Fruit and leaf infection and percentage of defoliation were evaluated in North Carolina, while only leaf infection data were evaluated in South Carolina. No cultivar was immune, but susceptibility varied greatly. Based on leaf infection in the 2 locations, it was concluded that disease pressure was greater in North Carolina. Correlation of fruit infection severity with leaf infection severity and percentage of defoliation in North Carolina was r = 0.30 (P = 0.01) and r = 0.54 (P < 0.01), respectively. Correlation between leaf infection severity and percent defoliation was r = 0.51 (P < 0.01) and r = 0.00 (NS) in North and South Carolina, respectively.


In this paper we focus our attention on the value system of parents and their behaviour in the interaction with children. We are interested in the consistency of the value system and parental behaviour and their influence on the development of the child autonomy. Our basic hypotheses are: 1. parental value system and parents' educational practice are primary determiners of the influence on the child's behaviour and development ; 2. general activity and the degree of the child autonomy are in correletion with the "directiveness" of educational measures ; 3. parental variable behaviour (incoherence in the value orientation and behaviour) cousses discontinuity in the development of autonomy. These hypotheses are based on the comprehension of parental beliefs (implicit pedagogy) as a basic value orientation and a specific criterion of properties as well as the comprehension of social and interactive nature of the cognitive and social development. Parental orientation to a social adaptability of a child i.e. conformity implies implicitly an external authority, directiveness, obedience, concurrence with external standards. Parental orientation towards the autonomy of a child means accepting of a child's initiative, independent decisions, possibility of "self-control" practice, and accepting resposnsibility as well as mutual learning/teaching.


In this paper, we have computed the dimensions of the relative symmetric polynomials associated with all the irreducible characters of Pre Mathieu groups M9,M10 and Small Mathieu groups M11,M12.


A quick polling initiative was tested in finance classes using multiple choice questions to determine whether it can improve student interaction and engagement in a large class. Students (n = 446) responded using either a smartphone app (53%) or by using pen and paper (47%). Immediate feedback was provided to students using charts that were generated from the responses of those who used the app. The sample included 41% males, 59% females, 76% undergraduates and 24% graduate students. Student perceptions of the usefulness of quick polling in relation to their engagement in and preparation for the classes and their understanding of the subject content were evaluated using a questionnaire. Results indicate that females perceived they were more prepared for and engaged in class than males. Graduate students felt they were more engaged in classes, prepared for classes, and that their understanding of the subject improved than undergraduate students. There were limited differences between those who used the app and those who used pen and paper.


Biotechnique supplies scientific means for the new crops variety breeding in high yield,high resist and so on.The transgentic technique of plants are increasingly applying in basic molecule biology.With gene of different origin and functional are transferred into the plants,the more new crops of resist pests insect,disease,herbicde and withstand worsening climates was breed success.These fruits will do bigness contribute for continued development agriculture.


: :I present arguments in favour of the view that the propositions expressed by utterances containing singularly referring terms have modes of presentation of the objects referred to by those terms as constituents. I rely on recent work by Sperber and Wilson, Recanati and other pragmatists, and claim that a Fregean account of singular reference is supported by this work. This is in opposition to Recanati himself, who in his book Direct Reference has argued for a view which is closer to that of some neo-Russellians. In particular, I argue contra Recanati for the truth-conditional relevance of the modes of presentation associated with demonstratives and other referential terms. That is, 1 argue that these modes of presentation must be seen as part of the truth-conditional content of utterance-tokens containing such terms.


We report a 5‐year follow‐up of a patient with Ross syndrome. A biopsy of the anhidrotic skin immunostained with protein gene product 9.5 visualized by confocal microscopy revealed selective loss of sudomotor fibers, whereas epidermal innervation remained intact, providing the first morphologic evidence of selective loss of sudomotor fibers in this syndrome. Among the different treatment strategies employed for the patient's disabling segmental hyperhidrosis, intracutaneous injection of botulinum toxin A was the most helpful. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 21: 1790–1793, 1998


We demonstrate frequency modulation (FM) in an external cavity III-V/Silicon laser, comprising a Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (RSOA) and an SU8 polymer waveguide vertically coupled to a 2D Silicon Photonic Crystal (PhC) cavity. Laser FM was achieved by local heating of the PhC using a resistive element of Ni-Cr metal as a microheater to change the refractive index in the cavity hence changing the lasing frequency. Presented is a thermal study of the laser dynamics and observations of the shift in lasing frequency.


tions. English translations are listed according to their first US editions. Prefaces, introductions, forewords, etc. written by Antunes in another author's work have also been omitted from this bibliography. Since 2005 Antunes's novels have been republished in the ne varietur edition by Dom Quixote in Lisbon. This editorial project is led by Maria Alzira Seixo and includes Gra^a Abreu, Eunice Cabral, and Agripina Carrico Vieira. Lastly, although Antunes is formally trained as a psychiatrist with several articles to his credit in the field, none of these are included in this bibliography. Please consult Antonio Bettencourt's article in this volume for information on Antunes's published work in the area of psychiatry.


Objective To assess the impact of maternal lifestyle on neonatal birth weight(BW) among pregnant women in Xiamen in order to provide the basic reference for the health intervention strategies during pregnancy.Methods A prospective study was conducted on pregnant women who met the study criterion in prenatal care clinics of Xiamen maternity and child care centers from January to November in 2009.All participants were required to complete lifestyle surveys and were followed up until delivery.Any possible factors related to neonatal BW were analyzed by the multiple linear regression analysis and logistic regression,and variables which were not selected to the model but clinically meaningful were analyzed by nonparametric test and the chi-square test.Results Out of 440 pregnant women who completed the survey,only 417 had been fully followed up.Logistic regression analysis revealed that doing exercise(B 0,OR 1,P = 0.019) and housework(B 0,OR 1,P = 0.035) after pregnancy were beneficial factors for neonatal BW.While chi-square test showed that if a woman had no pregnant history and also had abnormal pregnant BMI,the chance of BW abnormality could be higher(P 0.10).Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that pre-pregnancy BMI(b0,P0.05) and elevator use(b0,P0.05) had a positive correlation with BW,however passive smoking(b0,P=0.088) had a negative correlation.Nonparametric test stated that according to Engel's coefficient,BW was the highest in well-off and rich families,and the lowest in relatively poor families.Smokingcould also affect neonatal BW,usually BW decreased as passive smoking time increased(DP 0.05).ConclusionsPregnant women should avoid exposing to smoke,exercise appropriately and do some housework,which would be helpful for neonatal BW control.


Unrestricted manipulations on terahertz (THz) waves are highly desired in integration-optics, but THz devices based on conventional materials are usually bulky in size. Although all-silicon metasurfaces have exhibited great capabilities in manipulating THz waves, most of them are less efficient and have limited functionalities. In this work, we first design a silicon meta-atom structure consisting of a high-aspect-ratio (AR) micro-pillar that exhibits nearly perfect transmission and large transmission phase of THz wave, and systemically study how the fabrication quality (e.g., steepness of the sidewall and the vertical thickness distribution) may influence the final performance of a functional metasurface constructed with such meta-atoms. After experimentally examining how two working phases in the deep-reactive-ion-etch technology (i.e., the etch and passivation phases) influence the quality of the fabricated meta-devices, we develop an optimized Bosch process to realize high-AR (~20:1) all-silicon metasurfaces by balancing two working phases. We finally design/fabricate a high-AR silicon metasurface and experimentally demonstrate that it behaves as a high-efficiency half-wave-plate for THz waves in transmission geometry. Our results pave the avenue to realize ultra-compact THz meta-devices with high performance in transmission geometry, which is highly desirable for THz applications.


&dquo;in&dquo; group which mitigates against the establishment of true participation by all. In general, I found a strong element of paternalism throughout the phases and a model that is strongly top down as opposed to collegial. There is a distinct &dquo;we-they&dquo; flavor to the proposed process that carries through to the institutionalization phase which, I submit, mitigates the successful development of the participatory decision-making process that the authors obviously espouse. It has been the experience in our district that an open involvement of all constituents in the development of a school or district decision-mak-